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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
Proteins
ketose
maltase
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
2. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
addition of water across of a bond
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
3. Hydrolysis
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
addition of water across of a bond
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
4. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
cysteine and methionine
unsaturated fatty acid
stereoisomers
antiparallel beta sheet
5. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
maltase
only achiral amino acid
amphoteric
addition of water across of a bond
6. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
quaternary structure
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
7. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
starch
tertiary structure
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Proteins
8. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
anomers
glycogen
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
cysteine and methionine
9. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
histidine - arginine - lysine
anomers
starch
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
10. Basic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
ketose
histidine - arginine - lysine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
11. Polar amino acids
pI
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
stereoisomers
12. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
Proteins
amphipathic
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
13. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
absolute configuration
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
ketose
14. Characteristics of polar amino acids
CH3COOH
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
15. 3 physiological roles of lipids
D- glyceraldehyde
7.4
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
16. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
amphoteric
D- amino acid
17. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
mutarotation
packing and energy content
isomers
18. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
disulfide bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
unsaturated fatty acid
epimers
19. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
optical activity
Ka
20. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
21. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
mutarotation
quaternary structure
amphoteric
22. Glyceraldehyde
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
anomeric carbon
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
Proteins
23. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
unsaturated fatty acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
24. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
CH3COOH
Characteristics of the peptide bond
isomers
25. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glycerol
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pI
amphoteric
26. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
antiparallel beta sheet
27. Physiological pH
mutarotation
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
7.4
28. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
stereoisomers
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
29. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
anomers
packing and energy content
30. Name for 6 membered ring
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
pyranose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
NH2CONH2
31. Hydrophilic amino acids
primary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
ketose
32. Name for 5 membered ring
will have pI of 6
glycerol
furanose
L- amino acid
33. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
addition of water across of a bond
maltase
34. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
lactase
will have pI of 6
35. (+) and (-) describe what?
quaternary structure
absolute configuration
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
optical activity
36. Unique feature of cysteine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
epimers
Ka
37. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
pI
D- amino acid
38. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
mutarotation
amphipathic
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
39. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
optical activity
D- amino acid
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Proteins
40. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
absolute configuration
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
41. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
amphoteric
epimers
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
42. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
pI
anomeric carbon
Beta pleated sheet
primary structure
43. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
7.4
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
saturated fatty acid
peptide bond
44. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
pI
L- amino acid
peptide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
45. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
saturated fatty acid
glycogen
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
NH2CONH2
46. Sulfur containing amino acids
glycerol
cysteine and methionine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
have amino group in their side chains
47. Unique feature of proline
parallel beta sheet
7.4
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
48. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
aldose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
L- configuration
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
49. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
amphipathic
peptide bond
phospholipids
50. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glycerol