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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
ketose
epimers
phospholipids
2. Formula for urea
disulfide bond
NH2CONH2
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
cysteine and methionine
3. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
ketose
4. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
triacylglycerol
starch
parallel beta sheet
5. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
NH2CONH2
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
triacylglycerol
L- amino acid
6. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
Ka
L- configuration
pI
7. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
absolute configuration
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
NH2CONH2
disulfide bond
8. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Ka
parallel beta sheet
Beta pleated sheet
9. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
quaternary structure
maltase
furanose
10. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
amphoteric
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
starch
packing and energy content
11. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
absolute configuration
only achiral amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
12. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
Beta pleated sheet
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
13. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
Proteins
antiparallel beta sheet
will have pI of 6
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
14. Acetic acid formula?
L- configuration
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
CH3COOH
parallel beta sheet
15. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
quaternary structure
Beta pleated sheet
packing and energy content
16. (+) and (-) describe what?
maltase
optical activity
aldose
furanose
17. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
lipases
CH3COOH
18. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
Beta pleated sheet
isoelectric point
amphoteric
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
19. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
pI
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
20. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
mutarotation
furanose
have amino group in their side chains
21. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
saturated fatty acid
CH3COOH
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
histidine - arginine - lysine
22. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
7.4
Beta pleated sheet
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
23. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
isomers
packing and energy content
24. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
epimers
NH2CONH2
unsaturated fatty acid
25. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
packing and energy content
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
epimers
26. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
saturated fatty acid
glycogen
Beta pleated sheet
triacylglycerol
27. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
will have pI of 6
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
parallel beta sheet
triacylglycerol
28. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Characteristics of the peptide bond
29. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
anomeric carbon
secondary structure
isomers
30. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
tertiary structure
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
Characteristics of the peptide bond
31. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
stereoisomers
lipases
Characteristics of the peptide bond
32. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
secondary structure
CH3COOH
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
33. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
antiparallel beta sheet
glycogen
34. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
only achiral amino acid
maltase
L- amino acid
L- configuration
35. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
saturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
36. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
amphipathic
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycerol
37. (R) and (S) describe what?
anomeric carbon
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
absolute configuration
unsaturated fatty acid
38. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
packing and energy content
D- glyceraldehyde
Proteins
39. Unique feature of glycine
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Proteins
epimers
only achiral amino acid
40. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
disulfide bond
isomers
41. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
glycogen
ketose
epimers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
42. Glyceraldehyde
starch
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
43. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
parallel beta sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
pyranose
histidine - arginine - lysine
44. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
have amino group in their side chains
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
D- glyceraldehyde
45. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
isomers
addition of water across of a bond
46. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
lactase
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
47. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
amphipathic
saturated fatty acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
48. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
7.4
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
49. Unique feature of cysteine
glycogen
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
lactase
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
50. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH