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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
amphipathic
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
primary structure
2. (R) and (S) describe what?
glycerol
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
L- amino acid
absolute configuration
3. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
anomeric carbon
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
L- configuration
4. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
isomers
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
Ka
5. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
alpha helix
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
amphipathic
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
6. Unique feature of proline
stereoisomers
amphipathic
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
7. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
histidine - arginine - lysine
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
D- glyceraldehyde
8. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
have amino group in their side chains
unsaturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
9. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
lactase
triacylglycerol
will have pI of 6
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
10. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
parallel beta sheet
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pyranose
11. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
triacylglycerol
Ka
Proteins
12. Name for 5 membered ring
tertiary structure
furanose
D- amino acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
13. D and L describe what?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Proteins
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
CH3COOH
14. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
15. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
stereoisomers
isoelectric point
primary structure
16. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
saturated fatty acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
17. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
saturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid
tertiary structure
18. Acetic acid formula?
disulfide bond
CH3COOH
Characteristics of the peptide bond
absolute configuration
19. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
D- amino acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glycogen
20. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
secondary structure
pI
D- glyceraldehyde
L- configuration
21. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
isoelectric point
22. Unique feature of cysteine
peptide bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
CH3COOH
23. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
tertiary structure
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
saturated fatty acid
24. (+) and (-) describe what?
have amino group in their side chains
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
optical activity
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
25. Physiological pH
7.4
aldose
lipases
Proteins
26. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
pyranose
pI
Beta pleated sheet
27. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
have amino group in their side chains
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
28. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
Characteristics of the peptide bond
amphoteric
glycerol
ketose
29. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
30. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
saturated fatty acid
packing and energy content
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
lactase
31. Characteristics of polar amino acids
amphipathic
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
secondary structure
32. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
anomers
CH3COOH
Proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
33. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
lipases
anomers
tertiary structure
34. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
will have pI of 6
starch
lipases
35. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
secondary structure
anomeric carbon
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
36. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
cysteine and methionine
absolute configuration
maltase
starch
37. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Characteristics of the peptide bond
pI
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
38. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
parallel beta sheet
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
L- amino acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
39. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
epimers
tertiary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
40. Sulfur containing amino acids
secondary structure
disulfide bond
cysteine and methionine
maltase
41. Unique feature of glycine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
parallel beta sheet
only achiral amino acid
lactase
42. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
antiparallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
parallel beta sheet
43. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
CH3COOH
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
L- amino acid
44. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
antiparallel beta sheet
L- amino acid
45. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
anomers
cysteine and methionine
mutarotation
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
46. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
phospholipids
D- amino acid
47. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
lipases
starch
quaternary structure
48. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
tertiary structure
amphoteric
stereoisomers
49. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
triacylglycerol
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
peptide bond
50. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
lactase