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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glycogen
isoelectric point
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
phospholipids
2. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glycerol
starch
Characteristics of the peptide bond
3. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
4. Polar amino acids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
saturated fatty acid
isoelectric point
5. Unique feature of proline
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
anomeric carbon
6. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
isoelectric point
Proteins
Ka
pyranose
7. Acidic amino acids
Ka
epimers
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
8. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
stereoisomers
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
lipases
9. Name for 6 membered ring
ketose
pI
pyranose
tertiary structure
10. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
quaternary structure
amphoteric
Beta pleated sheet
11. Unique feature of glycine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
only achiral amino acid
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
epimers
12. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
pI
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
13. Histidine
absolute configuration
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
14. Fatty acid structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
triacylglycerol
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
15. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
CH3COOH
furanose
starch
optical activity
16. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
isoelectric point
L- configuration
maltase
17. Characteristic of basic amino acids
L- configuration
have amino group in their side chains
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
18. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
optical activity
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
19. Interconversion btw two anomers
pyranose
mutarotation
will have pI of 6
epimers
20. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
histidine - arginine - lysine
peptide bond
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
21. Basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
tertiary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
histidine - arginine - lysine
22. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
unsaturated fatty acid
L- configuration
23. Name for 5 membered ring
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
furanose
primary structure
only achiral amino acid
24. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
maltase
25. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
26. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
primary structure
NH2CONH2
27. Unique feature of cysteine
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
secondary structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
28. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
D- glyceraldehyde
pyranose
29. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
unsaturated fatty acid
secondary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
30. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
mutarotation
peptide bond
L- amino acid
31. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
isoelectric point
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
L- amino acid
ketose
32. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
Characteristics of the peptide bond
quaternary structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
33. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
pyranose
peptide bond
amphipathic
cysteine and methionine
34. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
saturated fatty acid
cysteine and methionine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
35. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
aldose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
phospholipids
36. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
37. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
ketose
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
alpha helix
38. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
glycerol
peptide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
amphoteric
39. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
absolute configuration
amphipathic
alpha helix
40. Acetic acid formula?
packing and energy content
NH2CONH2
CH3COOH
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
41. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
alpha helix
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
only achiral amino acid
42. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
alpha helix
Characteristics of the peptide bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
saturated fatty acid
43. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
saturated fatty acid
packing and energy content
stereoisomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
44. (+) and (-) describe what?
cysteine and methionine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
optical activity
CH3COOH
45. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
46. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
lactase
histidine - arginine - lysine
lipases
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
47. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
glycerol
parallel beta sheet
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
48. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
amphoteric
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
anomers
49. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
Ka
anomers
glycogen
secondary structure
50. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
NH2CONH2
D- amino acid
L- amino acid
saturated fatty acid