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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
secondary structure
have amino group in their side chains
epimers
2. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
L- amino acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
quaternary structure
Beta pleated sheet
3. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
phospholipids
unsaturated fatty acid
D- glyceraldehyde
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
4. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
5. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
peptide bond
epimers
isoelectric point
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
6. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
NH2CONH2
peptide bond
7. Acetic acid formula?
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
L- amino acid
CH3COOH
pyranose
8. Characteristic of basic amino acids
furanose
D- glyceraldehyde
have amino group in their side chains
addition of water across of a bond
9. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
parallel beta sheet
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
quaternary structure
L- configuration
10. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
Proteins
Beta pleated sheet
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
11. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Ka
pI
12. Hydrolysis
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
addition of water across of a bond
will have pI of 6
7.4
13. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
pI
starch
Characteristics of the peptide bond
14. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
15. Histidine
starch
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glycerol
16. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
packing and energy content
Beta pleated sheet
aldose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
17. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
CH3COOH
secondary structure
peptide bond
lactase
18. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
D- glyceraldehyde
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
quaternary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
19. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
maltase
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
triacylglycerol
20. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
21. Unique feature of proline
stereoisomers
anomers
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
optical activity
22. Glyceraldehyde
CH3COOH
furanose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
tertiary structure
23. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
parallel beta sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
amphoteric
24. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
primary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
25. Interconversion btw two anomers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
mutarotation
optical activity
disulfide bond
26. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
cysteine and methionine
disulfide bond
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
27. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
parallel beta sheet
anomers
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
amphoteric
28. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
phospholipids
29. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
absolute configuration
anomeric carbon
quaternary structure
30. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
primary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
31. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
addition of water across of a bond
lactase
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
32. D and L describe what?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
peptide bond
aldose
33. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
7.4
furanose
lactase
34. Basic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
disulfide bond
histidine - arginine - lysine
L- configuration
35. Fatty acid structure
D- amino acid
quaternary structure
saturated fatty acid
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
36. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
pI
stereoisomers
have amino group in their side chains
isoelectric point
37. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
stereoisomers
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
triacylglycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
38. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
7.4
phospholipids
optical activity
secondary structure
39. Polar amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
40. Sulfur containing amino acids
pI
anomeric carbon
Characteristics of the peptide bond
cysteine and methionine
41. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
CH3COOH
amphipathic
peptide bond
L- configuration
42. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
alpha helix
lactase
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
43. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
unsaturated fatty acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
absolute configuration
44. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
primary structure
Ka
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
45. Unique feature of cysteine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
isomers
46. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
addition of water across of a bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
have amino group in their side chains
D- amino acid
47. Physiological pH
7.4
Ka
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
48. Unique feature of glycine
packing and energy content
alpha helix
only achiral amino acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
49. (+) and (-) describe what?
starch
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
optical activity
50. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
L- configuration
D- amino acid
aldose
absolute configuration