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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
tertiary structure
glycerol
D- glyceraldehyde
unsaturated fatty acid
2. Interconversion btw two anomers
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
isoelectric point
secondary structure
mutarotation
3. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
4. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
glycogen
antiparallel beta sheet
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
disulfide bond
5. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
L- configuration
lipases
parallel beta sheet
6. Acetic acid formula?
pI
CH3COOH
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
tertiary structure
7. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
isomers
saturated fatty acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
L- amino acid
8. Formula for urea
Characteristics of the peptide bond
aldose
D- glyceraldehyde
NH2CONH2
9. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
triacylglycerol
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glycogen
peptide bond
10. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glycerol
anomers
saturated fatty acid
anomeric carbon
11. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
secondary structure
Proteins
7.4
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
12. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glycogen
anomers
furanose
13. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
triacylglycerol
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
anomeric carbon
Proteins
14. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
lactase
stereoisomers
parallel beta sheet
15. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
lipases
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
antiparallel beta sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
16. Physiological pH
7.4
furanose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
unsaturated fatty acid
17. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
parallel beta sheet
CH3COOH
lactase
18. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
maltase
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
parallel beta sheet
19. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
L- configuration
unsaturated fatty acid
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
pyranose
20. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
amphoteric
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
L- configuration
stereoisomers
21. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
will have pI of 6
Characteristics of the peptide bond
pI
22. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
lipases
D- glyceraldehyde
anomers
23. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
alpha helix
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
phospholipids
24. Polar amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
ketose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
25. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
primary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
26. Characteristics of polar amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
only achiral amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
mutarotation
27. Unique feature of glycine
only achiral amino acid
stereoisomers
absolute configuration
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
28. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
triacylglycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
absolute configuration
tertiary structure
29. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have amino group in their side chains
aldose
30. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
only achiral amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
amphoteric
7.4
31. Histidine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
L- amino acid
32. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
D- glyceraldehyde
lipases
packing and energy content
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
33. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
amphoteric
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
34. Hydrolysis
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
addition of water across of a bond
have amino group in their side chains
will have pI of 6
35. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
maltase
secondary structure
parallel beta sheet
36. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
isoelectric point
ketose
37. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
38. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
unsaturated fatty acid
Proteins
amphipathic
lipases
39. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
NH2CONH2
isomers
only achiral amino acid
40. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
peptide bond
glycogen
unsaturated fatty acid
41. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
furanose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
will have pI of 6
Beta pleated sheet
42. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
anomeric carbon
lactase
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
43. Name for 6 membered ring
secondary structure
pyranose
D- amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
44. Unique feature of proline
aldose
amphipathic
will have pI of 6
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
45. D and L describe what?
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
stereoisomers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
46. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
triacylglycerol
pI
starch
47. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
packing and energy content
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Proteins
48. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
packing and energy content
anomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
49. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
starch
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
50. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
quaternary structure
glycogen
Characteristics of the peptide bond