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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
2. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
absolute configuration
parallel beta sheet
pI
3. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glycogen
disulfide bond
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
isoelectric point
4. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
D- glyceraldehyde
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
5. 3 physiological roles of lipids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
CH3COOH
6. Unique feature of cysteine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
have amino group in their side chains
mutarotation
Characteristics of the peptide bond
7. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
lipases
phospholipids
secondary structure
8. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
pI
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
L- configuration
9. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
tertiary structure
will have pI of 6
ketose
10. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
unsaturated fatty acid
starch
amphipathic
antiparallel beta sheet
11. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
pI
anomers
12. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
D- glyceraldehyde
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
disulfide bond
13. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
7.4
NH2CONH2
L- amino acid
Beta pleated sheet
14. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
NH2CONH2
amphipathic
15. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
aldose
absolute configuration
isoelectric point
16. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
antiparallel beta sheet
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
disulfide bond
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
17. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
amphipathic
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
stereoisomers
18. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
L- configuration
parallel beta sheet
will have pI of 6
unsaturated fatty acid
19. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
glycerol
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
pyranose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
20. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Proteins
starch
mutarotation
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
21. Unique feature of proline
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
D- glyceraldehyde
anomers
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
22. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
anomeric carbon
parallel beta sheet
aldose
triacylglycerol
23. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
lipases
alpha helix
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
24. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
lactase
cysteine and methionine
glycerol
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
25. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
only achiral amino acid
quaternary structure
furanose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
26. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glycerol
isomers
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
L- configuration
27. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
starch
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
primary structure
28. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
stereoisomers
phospholipids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
29. Fatty acid structure
amphoteric
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
phospholipids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
30. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
amphipathic
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Beta pleated sheet
31. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
tertiary structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
32. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
mutarotation
amphipathic
absolute configuration
histidine - arginine - lysine
33. Unique feature of glycine
CH3COOH
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
only achiral amino acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
34. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
furanose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
optical activity
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
35. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
saturated fatty acid
epimers
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
36. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
pI
phospholipids
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
cysteine and methionine
37. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
will have pI of 6
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
absolute configuration
38. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
will have pI of 6
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
phospholipids
triacylglycerol
39. Hydrophilic amino acids
packing and energy content
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
40. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
lactase
anomers
L- configuration
D- glyceraldehyde
41. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
ketose
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
disulfide bond
42. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
lipases
Proteins
quaternary structure
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
43. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
anomers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
44. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
only achiral amino acid
45. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
will have pI of 6
D- glyceraldehyde
isomers
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
46. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
secondary structure
aldose
tertiary structure
packing and energy content
47. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
alpha helix
tertiary structure
maltase
48. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
disulfide bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
isomers
49. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
D- amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Ka
50. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
lipases
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
optical activity
maltase