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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
isoelectric point
will have pI of 6
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
2. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
pyranose
3. Acetic acid formula?
parallel beta sheet
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
ketose
CH3COOH
4. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
L- configuration
D- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
5. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
optical activity
starch
6. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
will have pI of 6
7.4
antiparallel beta sheet
furanose
7. Unique feature of proline
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
L- configuration
peptide bond
8. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
primary structure
only achiral amino acid
amphipathic
9. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
pyranose
lipases
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
10. Fatty acid structure
histidine - arginine - lysine
unsaturated fatty acid
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
anomeric carbon
11. Basic amino acids
isomers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
only achiral amino acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
12. Hydrophilic amino acids
parallel beta sheet
anomeric carbon
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
13. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
have amino group in their side chains
L- configuration
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
14. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
amphipathic
tertiary structure
aldose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
15. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
L- amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
only achiral amino acid
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
16. Sulfur containing amino acids
addition of water across of a bond
cysteine and methionine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
pI
17. Acidic amino acids
peptide bond
have amino group in their side chains
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
18. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glycogen
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
aldose
pI
19. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
unsaturated fatty acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
lipases
20. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
cysteine and methionine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Proteins
21. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
have amino group in their side chains
absolute configuration
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
22. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
optical activity
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
23. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
amphipathic
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
24. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
pI
epimers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
L- configuration
25. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
alpha helix
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
stereoisomers
26. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
lactase
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
epimers
Characteristics of the peptide bond
27. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
Proteins
pI
furanose
28. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
antiparallel beta sheet
L- amino acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
29. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
anomers
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glycerol
30. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
isoelectric point
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
aldose
anomeric carbon
31. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
addition of water across of a bond
quaternary structure
glycerol
unsaturated fatty acid
32. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
will have pI of 6
maltase
glycogen
33. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
antiparallel beta sheet
lactase
NH2CONH2
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
34. D and L describe what?
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
35. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
starch
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
maltase
D- glyceraldehyde
36. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
maltase
37. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
CH3COOH
isomers
7.4
addition of water across of a bond
38. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
anomeric carbon
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
L- configuration
39. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
amphipathic
epimers
amphoteric
40. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
41. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
furanose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Beta pleated sheet
tertiary structure
42. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
mutarotation
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
will have pI of 6
43. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
CH3COOH
aldose
glycogen
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
44. Unique feature of cysteine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glycerol
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
45. Interconversion btw two anomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
mutarotation
Beta pleated sheet
saturated fatty acid
46. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
CH3COOH
glycerol
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
47. Glyceraldehyde
ketose
parallel beta sheet
D- amino acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
48. Histidine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
tertiary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
49. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
furanose
mutarotation
50. Formula for urea
D- amino acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
NH2CONH2
optical activity