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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
amphoteric
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have amino group in their side chains
parallel beta sheet
2. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
cysteine and methionine
isoelectric point
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Characteristics of the peptide bond
3. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
amphipathic
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
ketose
4. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
unsaturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
5. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
lipases
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
packing and energy content
amphoteric
6. Unique feature of proline
addition of water across of a bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
saturated fatty acid
primary structure
7. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
lipases
cysteine and methionine
addition of water across of a bond
8. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
packing and energy content
antiparallel beta sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
9. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
L- configuration
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
tertiary structure
10. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
histidine - arginine - lysine
alpha helix
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
only achiral amino acid
11. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
starch
12. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
quaternary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
anomeric carbon
13. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
absolute configuration
glycerol
parallel beta sheet
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
14. Fatty acid structure
cysteine and methionine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
maltase
15. 3 physiological roles of lipids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
saturated fatty acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
16. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
only achiral amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
starch
anomers
17. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
pyranose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
maltase
18. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glycogen
antiparallel beta sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
19. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
peptide bond
glycerol
D- glyceraldehyde
ketose
20. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
packing and energy content
Proteins
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
21. Characteristic of basic amino acids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
epimers
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
22. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
ketose
Beta pleated sheet
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
parallel beta sheet
23. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
24. Formula for urea
amphipathic
will have pI of 6
lactase
NH2CONH2
25. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
D- glyceraldehyde
epimers
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
Ka
26. Sulfur containing amino acids
quaternary structure
pI
mutarotation
cysteine and methionine
27. Acetic acid formula?
7.4
amphoteric
CH3COOH
lactase
28. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
29. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
saturated fatty acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
pI
30. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
primary structure
histidine - arginine - lysine
saturated fatty acid
31. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
have amino group in their side chains
L- configuration
anomeric carbon
32. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
amphipathic
starch
anomers
33. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
mutarotation
D- amino acid
Proteins
34. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
epimers
will have pI of 6
secondary structure
35. (R) and (S) describe what?
NH2CONH2
absolute configuration
isoelectric point
primary structure
36. Hydrolysis
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
addition of water across of a bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
pyranose
37. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
L- configuration
38. Basic amino acids
cysteine and methionine
addition of water across of a bond
histidine - arginine - lysine
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
39. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
mutarotation
histidine - arginine - lysine
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
40. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
epimers
parallel beta sheet
mutarotation
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
41. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
have amino group in their side chains
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
secondary structure
isoelectric point
42. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
have amino group in their side chains
anomeric carbon
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
ketose
43. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
antiparallel beta sheet
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
44. Physiological pH
glycerol
amphoteric
7.4
L- amino acid
45. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
glycerol
CH3COOH
maltase
46. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
Proteins
aldose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
47. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
amphoteric
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
epimers
48. D and L describe what?
glycerol
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
isoelectric point
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
49. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
7.4
50. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
alpha helix
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond