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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
aldose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
2. Unique feature of cysteine
absolute configuration
D- glyceraldehyde
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
L- configuration
3. Acetic acid formula?
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
CH3COOH
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
4. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
Ka
aldose
absolute configuration
Proteins
5. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
aldose
pyranose
quaternary structure
6. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
L- configuration
7. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
will have pI of 6
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Ka
8. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
packing and energy content
stereoisomers
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
CH3COOH
9. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
10. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
lactase
aldose
cysteine and methionine
11. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
amphoteric
unsaturated fatty acid
glycerol
12. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
aldose
primary structure
lipases
epimers
13. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
amphipathic
triacylglycerol
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
disulfide bond
14. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
anomers
D- glyceraldehyde
15. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
anomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
isoelectric point
16. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
phospholipids
glycogen
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
17. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
NH2CONH2
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
L- configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
18. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
amphipathic
will have pI of 6
L- amino acid
glycogen
19. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
L- configuration
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
primary structure
epimers
20. Physiological pH
addition of water across of a bond
epimers
7.4
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
21. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
7.4
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
22. Characteristic of basic amino acids
parallel beta sheet
lipases
have amino group in their side chains
tertiary structure
23. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
amphipathic
mutarotation
NH2CONH2
24. Polar amino acids
furanose
alpha helix
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
25. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
amphipathic
26. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
parallel beta sheet
D- amino acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
27. Acidic amino acids
only achiral amino acid
furanose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
quaternary structure
28. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
isomers
Beta pleated sheet
will have pI of 6
isoelectric point
29. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
optical activity
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
disulfide bond
30. Characteristics of polar amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
L- configuration
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
31. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
amphoteric
32. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
furanose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
phospholipids
alpha helix
33. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
7.4
epimers
anomers
34. Formula for urea
unsaturated fatty acid
NH2CONH2
anomers
Beta pleated sheet
35. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Ka
Beta pleated sheet
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
NH2CONH2
36. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
anomers
37. Hydrophilic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
phospholipids
38. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
39. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
Beta pleated sheet
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
40. Name for 5 membered ring
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
optical activity
furanose
D- amino acid
41. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
histidine - arginine - lysine
Proteins
cysteine and methionine
peptide bond
42. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
packing and energy content
maltase
Proteins
have amino group in their side chains
43. Hydrolysis
histidine - arginine - lysine
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
addition of water across of a bond
quaternary structure
44. 3 physiological roles of lipids
glycogen
aldose
disulfide bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
45. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
isoelectric point
phospholipids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
46. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
Proteins
tertiary structure
antiparallel beta sheet
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
47. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
phospholipids
packing and energy content
mutarotation
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
48. Glyceraldehyde
D- glyceraldehyde
L- amino acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
49. Unique feature of glycine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
phospholipids
only achiral amino acid
quaternary structure
50. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
isoelectric point
triacylglycerol
saturated fatty acid
anomeric carbon