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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
glycerol
epimers
aldose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
2. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
optical activity
primary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
3. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
alpha helix
CH3COOH
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
quaternary structure
4. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
cysteine and methionine
D- amino acid
isoelectric point
furanose
5. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
disulfide bond
will have pI of 6
peptide bond
6. Glyceraldehyde
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
pI
L- amino acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
7. (R) and (S) describe what?
cysteine and methionine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
secondary structure
absolute configuration
8. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
epimers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
maltase
pyranose
9. Acidic amino acids
packing and energy content
CH3COOH
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
anomeric carbon
10. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
histidine - arginine - lysine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
furanose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
11. Name for 5 membered ring
optical activity
D- amino acid
furanose
primary structure
12. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
histidine - arginine - lysine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
Characteristics of the peptide bond
13. Interconversion btw two anomers
CH3COOH
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
anomeric carbon
mutarotation
14. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
only achiral amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
15. D and L describe what?
will have pI of 6
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
tertiary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
16. Fatty acid structure
parallel beta sheet
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
disulfide bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
17. Sulfur containing amino acids
mutarotation
unsaturated fatty acid
peptide bond
cysteine and methionine
18. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
lactase
Beta pleated sheet
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
19. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
anomeric carbon
glycogen
have amino group in their side chains
20. Hydrophilic amino acids
mutarotation
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
phospholipids
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
21. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
tertiary structure
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
22. Unique feature of cysteine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
stereoisomers
23. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
24. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
ketose
starch
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
25. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
L- amino acid
will have pI of 6
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
26. Basic amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
Proteins
phospholipids
secondary structure
27. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
quaternary structure
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
28. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
stereoisomers
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
addition of water across of a bond
29. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
addition of water across of a bond
L- amino acid
30. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glycerol
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
31. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
Proteins
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
7.4
32. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
glycogen
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
ketose
Ka
33. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
parallel beta sheet
will have pI of 6
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
34. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
addition of water across of a bond
alpha helix
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
stereoisomers
35. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
tertiary structure
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
disulfide bond
36. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Beta pleated sheet
triacylglycerol
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Proteins
37. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
phospholipids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
38. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
alpha helix
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
lactase
39. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
secondary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
40. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
unsaturated fatty acid
41. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
antiparallel beta sheet
epimers
glycerol
L- configuration
42. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
cysteine and methionine
maltase
Ka
anomers
43. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
cysteine and methionine
phospholipids
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
epimers
44. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
cysteine and methionine
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
45. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
peptide bond
7.4
parallel beta sheet
46. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
packing and energy content
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
ketose
47. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
amphipathic
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
48. Polar amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
isomers
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
7.4
49. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glycogen
isomers
50. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
will have pI of 6
tertiary structure
amphipathic