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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
addition of water across of a bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
L- amino acid
packing and energy content
2. Unique feature of proline
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
primary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
3. Physiological pH
ketose
antiparallel beta sheet
7.4
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
4. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
absolute configuration
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
isoelectric point
pI
5. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
D- glyceraldehyde
lipases
triacylglycerol
pyranose
6. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
secondary structure
optical activity
Proteins
7. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
optical activity
have amino group in their side chains
D- glyceraldehyde
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
8. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
epimers
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
9. Fatty acid structure
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
NH2CONH2
Characteristics of the peptide bond
10. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
isomers
absolute configuration
ketose
11. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
secondary structure
12. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
antiparallel beta sheet
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
peptide bond
glycerol
13. Glyceraldehyde
quaternary structure
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
14. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
phospholipids
optical activity
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
15. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
L- amino acid
will have pI of 6
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
saturated fatty acid
16. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
phospholipids
parallel beta sheet
17. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
primary structure
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
ketose
18. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
isomers
aldose
antiparallel beta sheet
19. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
only achiral amino acid
have amino group in their side chains
primary structure
20. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
CH3COOH
amphipathic
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
21. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
quaternary structure
furanose
lactase
22. Name for 5 membered ring
glycerol
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
furanose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
23. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
D- amino acid
glycerol
parallel beta sheet
24. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
D- glyceraldehyde
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
L- configuration
25. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
amphipathic
L- configuration
parallel beta sheet
epimers
26. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
Proteins
pI
anomeric carbon
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
27. Name for 6 membered ring
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
pyranose
triacylglycerol
furanose
28. Unique feature of glycine
isomers
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
only achiral amino acid
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
29. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
stereoisomers
will have pI of 6
lactase
unsaturated fatty acid
30. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
stereoisomers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
D- amino acid
alpha helix
31. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
Beta pleated sheet
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
phospholipids
32. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
L- configuration
quaternary structure
have amino group in their side chains
pI
33. Basic amino acids
saturated fatty acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
have amino group in their side chains
unsaturated fatty acid
34. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
absolute configuration
alpha helix
secondary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
35. Acetic acid formula?
anomers
CH3COOH
saturated fatty acid
packing and energy content
36. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
Characteristics of the peptide bond
secondary structure
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
37. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
furanose
38. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
maltase
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
39. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
maltase
parallel beta sheet
glycerol
saturated fatty acid
40. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
only achiral amino acid
L- amino acid
disulfide bond
starch
41. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
epimers
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
42. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
triacylglycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
43. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glycogen
NH2CONH2
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
44. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
Characteristics of the peptide bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
tertiary structure
saturated fatty acid
45. Hydrolysis
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
addition of water across of a bond
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
unsaturated fatty acid
46. Unique feature of cysteine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
disulfide bond
triacylglycerol
glycerol
47. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
ketose
triacylglycerol
amphoteric
48. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
furanose
lipases
alpha helix
will have pI of 6
49. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
secondary structure
CH3COOH
aldose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
50. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
maltase
glycogen
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
D- amino acid