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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrolysis
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
saturated fatty acid
addition of water across of a bond
only achiral amino acid
2. Unique feature of glycine
unsaturated fatty acid
maltase
epimers
only achiral amino acid
3. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
parallel beta sheet
pyranose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
triacylglycerol
4. Formula for urea
epimers
NH2CONH2
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
anomeric carbon
5. Name for 5 membered ring
Ka
isoelectric point
furanose
7.4
6. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have amino group in their side chains
glycogen
amphipathic
7. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
mutarotation
cysteine and methionine
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
8. Glyceraldehyde
L- amino acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
9. Name for 6 membered ring
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
stereoisomers
pyranose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
10. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
furanose
epimers
11. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
parallel beta sheet
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
alpha helix
12. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
primary structure
epimers
13. Sulfur containing amino acids
cysteine and methionine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
pyranose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
14. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
anomeric carbon
isoelectric point
Beta pleated sheet
15. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
CH3COOH
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
mutarotation
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
16. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
epimers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
17. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
isoelectric point
glycogen
parallel beta sheet
18. Hydrophilic amino acids
disulfide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycerol
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
19. Acetic acid formula?
pyranose
glycerol
phospholipids
CH3COOH
20. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
parallel beta sheet
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
disulfide bond
unsaturated fatty acid
21. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
ketose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
lactase
NH2CONH2
22. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
antiparallel beta sheet
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
23. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
addition of water across of a bond
D- glyceraldehyde
alpha helix
pI
24. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
primary structure
Ka
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
25. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
D- amino acid
absolute configuration
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
26. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
alpha helix
isomers
27. (R) and (S) describe what?
have amino group in their side chains
primary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
absolute configuration
28. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
have amino group in their side chains
Beta pleated sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
pI
29. Unique feature of proline
aldose
peptide bond
triacylglycerol
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
30. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
31. Acidic amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
tertiary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
32. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
lactase
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
pI
glycogen
33. Histidine
tertiary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
pI
secondary structure
34. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
addition of water across of a bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
35. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
will have pI of 6
CH3COOH
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
36. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
L- configuration
Characteristics of the peptide bond
primary structure
37. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
anomers
Characteristics of the peptide bond
L- amino acid
38. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
will have pI of 6
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
starch
39. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
furanose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
40. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
NH2CONH2
D- amino acid
isomers
41. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
pyranose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
42. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
antiparallel beta sheet
lipases
43. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
aldose
tertiary structure
D- amino acid
stereoisomers
44. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
maltase
histidine - arginine - lysine
isomers
primary structure
45. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
D- glyceraldehyde
amphoteric
D- amino acid
Ka
46. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
furanose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
Ka
47. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
furanose
lactase
lipases
48. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
pyranose
49. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
alpha helix
D- glyceraldehyde
50. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
isoelectric point
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
furanose