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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
pI
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
2. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
pI
7.4
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
3. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
have amino group in their side chains
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
pI
4. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
7.4
amphoteric
aldose
lactase
5. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
lactase
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
6. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
packing and energy content
furanose
will have pI of 6
phospholipids
7. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
primary structure
antiparallel beta sheet
mutarotation
8. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
starch
primary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
9. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
CH3COOH
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
10. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
D- amino acid
starch
11. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
isomers
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
12. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
ketose
glycogen
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
parallel beta sheet
13. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
absolute configuration
phospholipids
L- amino acid
triacylglycerol
14. Fatty acid structure
cysteine and methionine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
aldose
15. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pyranose
have amino group in their side chains
16. (+) and (-) describe what?
parallel beta sheet
optical activity
Beta pleated sheet
alpha helix
17. Name for 5 membered ring
lactase
mutarotation
D- glyceraldehyde
furanose
18. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
only achiral amino acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
ketose
optical activity
19. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
disulfide bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
parallel beta sheet
anomers
20. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
mutarotation
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
pI
optical activity
21. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
triacylglycerol
starch
amphoteric
7.4
22. Formula for urea
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
saturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid
NH2CONH2
23. Glyceraldehyde
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
L- amino acid
secondary structure
24. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
packing and energy content
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
triacylglycerol
25. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
stereoisomers
disulfide bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
26. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
saturated fatty acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
mutarotation
27. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
cysteine and methionine
Beta pleated sheet
amphipathic
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
28. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
Ka
maltase
Proteins
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
29. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
Proteins
isomers
30. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
alpha helix
parallel beta sheet
Ka
lipases
31. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
maltase
L- configuration
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
anomeric carbon
32. Physiological pH
antiparallel beta sheet
7.4
quaternary structure
Proteins
33. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
lactase
amphoteric
quaternary structure
34. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
glycerol
Characteristics of the peptide bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
35. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
tertiary structure
D- amino acid
glycogen
alpha helix
36. Unique feature of proline
phospholipids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
have amino group in their side chains
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
37. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
addition of water across of a bond
histidine - arginine - lysine
lipases
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
38. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
unsaturated fatty acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
39. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
pI
alpha helix
only achiral amino acid
triacylglycerol
40. Polar amino acids
L- amino acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
41. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
cysteine and methionine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
L- configuration
tertiary structure
42. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
Proteins
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
epimers
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
43. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
CH3COOH
glycerol
isomers
secondary structure
44. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
CH3COOH
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
45. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
aldose
glycerol
stereoisomers
maltase
46. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
Proteins
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
47. Name for 6 membered ring
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
pyranose
secondary structure
48. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
epimers
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
49. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
L- configuration
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Characteristics of the peptide bond
50. Unique feature of glycine
saturated fatty acid
only achiral amino acid
unsaturated fatty acid
lipases