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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characteristics of polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
lactase
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
2. Characteristic of basic amino acids
anomeric carbon
have amino group in their side chains
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
isoelectric point
3. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
anomeric carbon
packing and energy content
pI
4. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
peptide bond
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
5. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
7.4
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
maltase
epimers
6. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
lactase
furanose
7. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
anomeric carbon
amphipathic
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
parallel beta sheet
8. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
glycogen
Proteins
isoelectric point
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
9. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
L- amino acid
secondary structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
10. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
starch
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
epimers
packing and energy content
11. Sulfur containing amino acids
absolute configuration
cysteine and methionine
disulfide bond
saturated fatty acid
12. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
have amino group in their side chains
glycerol
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
13. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
D- glyceraldehyde
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
Beta pleated sheet
14. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
L- configuration
primary structure
disulfide bond
maltase
15. Basic amino acids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
have amino group in their side chains
histidine - arginine - lysine
16. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
will have pI of 6
quaternary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
anomers
17. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
lipases
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glycerol
amphoteric
18. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
CH3COOH
packing and energy content
L- amino acid
19. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
furanose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
20. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
maltase
L- amino acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
unsaturated fatty acid
21. Formula for urea
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
unsaturated fatty acid
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
NH2CONH2
22. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
mutarotation
packing and energy content
have amino group in their side chains
23. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
Beta pleated sheet
Characteristics of the peptide bond
isoelectric point
24. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
absolute configuration
glycogen
25. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
saturated fatty acid
pI
maltase
26. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
cysteine and methionine
anomers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
27. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
optical activity
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
will have pI of 6
glycogen
28. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
maltase
CH3COOH
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
ketose
29. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
will have pI of 6
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pyranose
30. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
L- amino acid
starch
ketose
31. Unique feature of glycine
will have pI of 6
pI
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
only achiral amino acid
32. (+) and (-) describe what?
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
optical activity
epimers
33. (R) and (S) describe what?
aldose
pI
absolute configuration
peptide bond
34. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
saturated fatty acid
L- configuration
will have pI of 6
35. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
unsaturated fatty acid
quaternary structure
36. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
only achiral amino acid
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
amphoteric
7.4
37. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
antiparallel beta sheet
triacylglycerol
quaternary structure
tertiary structure
38. 3 physiological roles of lipids
alpha helix
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
peptide bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
39. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
maltase
tertiary structure
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
40. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
addition of water across of a bond
triacylglycerol
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
41. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
mutarotation
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
cysteine and methionine
42. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
D- amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
furanose
43. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
44. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
parallel beta sheet
only achiral amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
furanose
45. Histidine
anomers
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
have amino group in their side chains
46. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
amphipathic
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Ka
47. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
peptide bond
phospholipids
48. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
epimers
CH3COOH
have amino group in their side chains
49. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
unsaturated fatty acid
mutarotation
Ka
absolute configuration
50. Acetic acid formula?
CH3COOH
saturated fatty acid
D- glyceraldehyde
mutarotation