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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
ketose
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
starch
2. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
Ka
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Proteins
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
3. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
isoelectric point
furanose
will have pI of 6
4. D and L describe what?
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
5. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Characteristics of the peptide bond
parallel beta sheet
6. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
L- amino acid
amphipathic
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
alpha helix
7. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
saturated fatty acid
tertiary structure
parallel beta sheet
8. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
antiparallel beta sheet
parallel beta sheet
L- configuration
9. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
saturated fatty acid
only achiral amino acid
anomers
10. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
ketose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
lactase
11. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
isomers
Ka
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
12. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
secondary structure
13. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
NH2CONH2
ketose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
lipases
14. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
maltase
amphipathic
15. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
pI
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Characteristics of the peptide bond
CH3COOH
16. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
quaternary structure
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
maltase
17. Unique feature of proline
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
starch
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
18. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
quaternary structure
have amino group in their side chains
peptide bond
D- glyceraldehyde
19. Hydrophilic amino acids
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
D- amino acid
NH2CONH2
20. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
stereoisomers
NH2CONH2
21. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
anomers
glycogen
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
pI
22. Interconversion btw two anomers
stereoisomers
CH3COOH
mutarotation
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
23. Glyceraldehyde
lipases
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
amphoteric
24. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
aldose
amphoteric
only achiral amino acid
25. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
amphipathic
glycerol
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
26. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
mutarotation
addition of water across of a bond
Beta pleated sheet
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
27. Hydrolysis
L- amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
pI
28. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
secondary structure
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
Proteins
29. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
isomers
absolute configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
30. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
triacylglycerol
antiparallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
31. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
only achiral amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
pyranose
32. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
antiparallel beta sheet
alpha helix
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
33. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
Proteins
starch
unsaturated fatty acid
mutarotation
34. Physiological pH
glycerol
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
7.4
Characteristics of the peptide bond
35. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
L- amino acid
optical activity
Ka
36. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
amphoteric
Ka
amphipathic
tertiary structure
37. Characteristic of basic amino acids
NH2CONH2
have amino group in their side chains
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
starch
38. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Ka
isoelectric point
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
39. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
Proteins
unsaturated fatty acid
40. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
pI
saturated fatty acid
absolute configuration
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
41. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
packing and energy content
glycerol
primary structure
Proteins
42. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
absolute configuration
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
quaternary structure
43. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
alpha helix
have amino group in their side chains
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
44. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
triacylglycerol
amphoteric
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
quaternary structure
45. 3 physiological roles of lipids
L- configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
addition of water across of a bond
Proteins
46. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
isoelectric point
antiparallel beta sheet
47. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
anomers
amphipathic
D- amino acid
48. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
isoelectric point
stereoisomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glycerol
49. Basic amino acids
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
stereoisomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
50. Name for 5 membered ring
parallel beta sheet
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
isomers
furanose