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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
amphoteric
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
epimers
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
2. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
peptide bond
L- configuration
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
ketose
3. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
amphoteric
maltase
L- configuration
4. Acidic amino acids
cysteine and methionine
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
5. Interconversion btw two anomers
isomers
pyranose
tertiary structure
mutarotation
6. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
isoelectric point
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
parallel beta sheet
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
7. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
stereoisomers
aldose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
8. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
will have pI of 6
isoelectric point
amphipathic
pI
9. Basic amino acids
optical activity
ketose
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
10. 3 physiological roles of lipids
anomers
saturated fatty acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
triacylglycerol
11. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
isomers
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
lipases
12. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
packing and energy content
triacylglycerol
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
isoelectric point
13. Formula for urea
amphoteric
NH2CONH2
Beta pleated sheet
pI
14. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
stereoisomers
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
will have pI of 6
15. Name for 5 membered ring
phospholipids
furanose
Ka
D- glyceraldehyde
16. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
quaternary structure
histidine - arginine - lysine
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
17. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
L- configuration
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
18. Characteristic of basic amino acids
Proteins
have amino group in their side chains
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
amphoteric
19. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
L- configuration
maltase
20. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
saturated fatty acid
L- configuration
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
tertiary structure
21. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
lipases
peptide bond
22. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
addition of water across of a bond
isomers
alpha helix
stereoisomers
23. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
disulfide bond
saturated fatty acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
CH3COOH
24. Physiological pH
7.4
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
furanose
CH3COOH
25. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
saturated fatty acid
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
disulfide bond
26. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
lactase
aldose
pI
27. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
CH3COOH
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
Beta pleated sheet
28. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
antiparallel beta sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
29. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
tertiary structure
isoelectric point
30. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glycogen
isoelectric point
mutarotation
31. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
anomeric carbon
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
histidine - arginine - lysine
quaternary structure
32. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
will have pI of 6
glycogen
quaternary structure
glycerol
33. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
maltase
isoelectric point
will have pI of 6
34. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
parallel beta sheet
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
lactase
35. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
will have pI of 6
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
furanose
secondary structure
36. Characteristics of polar amino acids
amphipathic
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
absolute configuration
37. Name for 6 membered ring
starch
lactase
pyranose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
38. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
unsaturated fatty acid
aldose
absolute configuration
Ka
39. Polar amino acids
packing and energy content
addition of water across of a bond
starch
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
40. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
anomers
saturated fatty acid
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
41. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
alpha helix
pI
Beta pleated sheet
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
42. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
cysteine and methionine
43. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
starch
isoelectric point
44. Hydrophilic amino acids
primary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
45. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
histidine - arginine - lysine
7.4
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
46. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
mutarotation
unsaturated fatty acid
phospholipids
addition of water across of a bond
47. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
unsaturated fatty acid
quaternary structure
48. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
optical activity
phospholipids
alpha helix
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
49. (+) and (-) describe what?
isoelectric point
optical activity
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
amphipathic
50. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
Beta pleated sheet
phospholipids
glycerol
unsaturated fatty acid