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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glycogen
lactase
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
2. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
mutarotation
glycerol
primary structure
3. Histidine
peptide bond
Beta pleated sheet
D- amino acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
4. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
furanose
have amino group in their side chains
amphipathic
glycerol
5. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
alpha helix
maltase
ketose
6. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
CH3COOH
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
antiparallel beta sheet
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
7. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
anomers
Characteristics of the peptide bond
aldose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
8. Hydrolysis
saturated fatty acid
mutarotation
isoelectric point
addition of water across of a bond
9. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
cysteine and methionine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
pyranose
10. Formula for urea
isomers
aldose
NH2CONH2
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
11. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
addition of water across of a bond
12. Sulfur containing amino acids
peptide bond
cysteine and methionine
tertiary structure
lipases
13. Fatty acid structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glycerol
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
isomers
14. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
have amino group in their side chains
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
amphipathic
15. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
saturated fatty acid
triacylglycerol
alpha helix
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
16. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
saturated fatty acid
starch
phospholipids
L- amino acid
17. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
18. Polar amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
lactase
7.4
19. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
amphipathic
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
pyranose
parallel beta sheet
20. (R) and (S) describe what?
saturated fatty acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
absolute configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
21. Glyceraldehyde
isomers
primary structure
CH3COOH
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
22. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
starch
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
antiparallel beta sheet
amphoteric
23. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
alpha helix
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
parallel beta sheet
24. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
Proteins
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
Ka
25. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
unsaturated fatty acid
NH2CONH2
starch
26. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
starch
glycerol
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
saturated fatty acid
27. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
optical activity
saturated fatty acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
lipases
28. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
anomers
Ka
29. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
mutarotation
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
30. D and L describe what?
secondary structure
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
L- configuration
31. (+) and (-) describe what?
parallel beta sheet
starch
maltase
optical activity
32. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
L- amino acid
will have pI of 6
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
33. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
optical activity
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
primary structure
34. Unique feature of glycine
only achiral amino acid
absolute configuration
starch
CH3COOH
35. Physiological pH
triacylglycerol
7.4
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
36. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
phospholipids
L- configuration
glycerol
37. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
phospholipids
histidine - arginine - lysine
mutarotation
38. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
isomers
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
39. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
stereoisomers
glycerol
Proteins
40. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
disulfide bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
41. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
amphipathic
saturated fatty acid
D- amino acid
42. Characteristic of basic amino acids
tertiary structure
have amino group in their side chains
only achiral amino acid
unsaturated fatty acid
43. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
mutarotation
aldose
44. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
secondary structure
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
45. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
tertiary structure
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
46. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
alpha helix
primary structure
will have pI of 6
stereoisomers
47. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
maltase
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
D- glyceraldehyde
secondary structure
48. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
furanose
primary structure
stereoisomers
triacylglycerol
49. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
unsaturated fatty acid
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
quaternary structure
D- glyceraldehyde
50. Basic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
CH3COOH
histidine - arginine - lysine
Characteristics of the peptide bond