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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
addition of water across of a bond
have amino group in their side chains
isomers
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
2. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
maltase
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glycogen
3. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
primary structure
starch
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Proteins
4. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
stereoisomers
anomers
absolute configuration
aldose
5. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
anomeric carbon
anomers
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
6. Formula for urea
secondary structure
NH2CONH2
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
7. Physiological pH
lactase
L- amino acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
7.4
8. Glyceraldehyde
7.4
amphipathic
histidine - arginine - lysine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
9. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
lactase
10. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
isoelectric point
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
11. Acetic acid formula?
starch
CH3COOH
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
12. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
tertiary structure
D- amino acid
pyranose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
13. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
pI
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
14. Interconversion btw two anomers
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
mutarotation
Ka
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
15. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
lactase
anomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
16. D and L describe what?
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have amino group in their side chains
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
17. Characteristic of basic amino acids
stereoisomers
antiparallel beta sheet
furanose
have amino group in their side chains
18. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
Ka
disulfide bond
saturated fatty acid
19. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
have amino group in their side chains
saturated fatty acid
primary structure
20. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
saturated fatty acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
21. Basic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
histidine - arginine - lysine
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
7.4
22. (+) and (-) describe what?
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
anomers
addition of water across of a bond
optical activity
23. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
isoelectric point
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
parallel beta sheet
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
24. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
amphoteric
disulfide bond
isoelectric point
phospholipids
25. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
D- glyceraldehyde
lactase
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Beta pleated sheet
26. Unique feature of cysteine
ketose
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
furanose
27. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
Proteins
amphipathic
phospholipids
28. Hydrophilic amino acids
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
maltase
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
isomers
29. Acidic amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
ketose
maltase
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
30. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
addition of water across of a bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
aldose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
31. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
peptide bond
ketose
32. 3 physiological roles of lipids
Beta pleated sheet
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
33. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Ka
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
anomeric carbon
34. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glycerol
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
amphipathic
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
35. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
unsaturated fatty acid
triacylglycerol
36. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
lipases
pyranose
37. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
aldose
Proteins
D- amino acid
38. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
histidine - arginine - lysine
39. Fatty acid structure
stereoisomers
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glycogen
40. Unique feature of proline
only achiral amino acid
quaternary structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
41. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
phospholipids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
amphoteric
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
42. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
epimers
glycogen
43. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
secondary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
44. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
epimers
parallel beta sheet
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
will have pI of 6
45. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Proteins
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
46. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
pyranose
maltase
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
47. Unique feature of glycine
only achiral amino acid
peptide bond
amphipathic
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
48. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
amphipathic
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
CH3COOH
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
49. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
D- amino acid
unsaturated fatty acid
peptide bond
amphipathic
50. Characteristics of polar amino acids
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
amphoteric
optical activity