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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
have amino group in their side chains
isoelectric point
Ka
tertiary structure
2. (R) and (S) describe what?
secondary structure
absolute configuration
Characteristics of the peptide bond
only achiral amino acid
3. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
lactase
disulfide bond
will have pI of 6
tertiary structure
4. Sulfur containing amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
cysteine and methionine
packing and energy content
L- amino acid
5. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
antiparallel beta sheet
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
6. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
cysteine and methionine
lipases
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
7. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
quaternary structure
glycerol
lipases
8. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
primary structure
anomeric carbon
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
maltase
9. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
primary structure
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
saturated fatty acid
L- amino acid
10. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
isoelectric point
alpha helix
only achiral amino acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
11. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
pI
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
NH2CONH2
lactase
12. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
ketose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
furanose
13. D and L describe what?
isomers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
antiparallel beta sheet
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
14. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
D- glyceraldehyde
aldose
secondary structure
absolute configuration
15. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
addition of water across of a bond
ketose
aldose
secondary structure
16. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
quaternary structure
Proteins
addition of water across of a bond
isoelectric point
17. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glycerol
triacylglycerol
18. Name for 5 membered ring
cysteine and methionine
phospholipids
furanose
pyranose
19. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
mutarotation
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
D- amino acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
20. Acidic amino acids
disulfide bond
maltase
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
isomers
21. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
CH3COOH
quaternary structure
alpha helix
22. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
primary structure
packing and energy content
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
23. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
epimers
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
pI
24. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
Beta pleated sheet
histidine - arginine - lysine
peptide bond
25. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
anomers
only achiral amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
26. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
histidine - arginine - lysine
anomeric carbon
glycogen
27. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Proteins
anomeric carbon
lactase
28. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
ketose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
histidine - arginine - lysine
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
29. 3 physiological roles of lipids
amphipathic
D- glyceraldehyde
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
30. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
disulfide bond
triacylglycerol
glycerol
31. Interconversion btw two anomers
unsaturated fatty acid
amphipathic
mutarotation
saturated fatty acid
32. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
pyranose
anomers
Beta pleated sheet
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
33. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
addition of water across of a bond
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
34. Characteristic of basic amino acids
will have pI of 6
addition of water across of a bond
have amino group in their side chains
absolute configuration
35. Characteristics of polar amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
starch
L- amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
36. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
ketose
parallel beta sheet
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
37. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
L- configuration
phospholipids
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
38. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glycerol
D- glyceraldehyde
disulfide bond
39. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
L- configuration
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
absolute configuration
40. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
Proteins
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
triacylglycerol
alpha helix
41. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
7.4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
epimers
Ka
42. Acetic acid formula?
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
histidine - arginine - lysine
CH3COOH
peptide bond
43. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
saturated fatty acid
parallel beta sheet
NH2CONH2
44. Hydrolysis
histidine - arginine - lysine
ketose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
addition of water across of a bond
45. Name for 6 membered ring
7.4
triacylglycerol
saturated fatty acid
pyranose
46. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
stereoisomers
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
47. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
packing and energy content
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
have amino group in their side chains
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
48. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
disulfide bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
D- glyceraldehyde
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
49. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
have amino group in their side chains
stereoisomers
isomers
lactase
50. Fatty acid structure
L- configuration
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
quaternary structure
cysteine and methionine