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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
pyranose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
2. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
addition of water across of a bond
tertiary structure
L- configuration
unsaturated fatty acid
3. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
pI
NH2CONH2
anomeric carbon
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
4. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
maltase
triacylglycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
5. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7.4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
6. Acetic acid formula?
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Beta pleated sheet
pyranose
CH3COOH
7. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
Ka
L- configuration
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
anomers
8. Name for 5 membered ring
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
furanose
Proteins
saturated fatty acid
9. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
lactase
will have pI of 6
cysteine and methionine
10. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
Ka
alpha helix
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
11. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
mutarotation
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
starch
CH3COOH
12. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
NH2CONH2
will have pI of 6
D- amino acid
furanose
13. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
alpha helix
isoelectric point
glycogen
parallel beta sheet
14. Unique feature of glycine
glycerol
only achiral amino acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
peptide bond
15. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
pI
quaternary structure
16. D and L describe what?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
cysteine and methionine
glycerol
17. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
stereoisomers
isoelectric point
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
18. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
addition of water across of a bond
disulfide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
19. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
have amino group in their side chains
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
L- amino acid
20. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
21. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
amphipathic
L- amino acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
22. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
unsaturated fatty acid
stereoisomers
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
23. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
will have pI of 6
packing and energy content
glycerol
parallel beta sheet
24. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
D- glyceraldehyde
epimers
glycerol
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
25. Hydrolysis
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
triacylglycerol
addition of water across of a bond
pI
26. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
triacylglycerol
will have pI of 6
27. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
primary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
will have pI of 6
28. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
aldose
absolute configuration
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
peptide bond
29. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
Proteins
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
parallel beta sheet
30. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glycerol
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
31. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
triacylglycerol
saturated fatty acid
D- glyceraldehyde
32. Unique feature of proline
glycerol
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
33. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
alpha helix
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
saturated fatty acid
34. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
stereoisomers
parallel beta sheet
isomers
35. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
aldose
L- amino acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
ketose
36. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
D- glyceraldehyde
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
anomers
37. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
triacylglycerol
Beta pleated sheet
packing and energy content
38. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
alpha helix
NH2CONH2
pI
39. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
antiparallel beta sheet
anomeric carbon
absolute configuration
40. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
NH2CONH2
cysteine and methionine
41. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
phospholipids
cysteine and methionine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
secondary structure
42. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
antiparallel beta sheet
phospholipids
D- glyceraldehyde
43. Histidine
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
44. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
anomeric carbon
quaternary structure
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
amphoteric
45. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
triacylglycerol
amphoteric
lactase
46. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
cysteine and methionine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
47. Basic amino acids
triacylglycerol
addition of water across of a bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
histidine - arginine - lysine
48. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
lipases
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
antiparallel beta sheet
optical activity
49. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Proteins
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
isoelectric point
amphipathic
50. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
L- configuration
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
unsaturated fatty acid