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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unique feature of glycine
only achiral amino acid
have amino group in their side chains
glycogen
histidine - arginine - lysine
2. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
lipases
anomeric carbon
Characteristics of the peptide bond
3. Hydrophilic amino acids
amphipathic
lactase
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
4. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
ketose
5. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
L- amino acid
saturated fatty acid
glycogen
6. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
D- amino acid
secondary structure
phospholipids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
7. Unique feature of cysteine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
peptide bond
anomers
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
8. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
peptide bond
secondary structure
9. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
amphipathic
starch
Ka
unsaturated fatty acid
10. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
primary structure
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
11. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
anomeric carbon
pyranose
glycerol
12. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
cysteine and methionine
phospholipids
alpha helix
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
13. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
L- amino acid
primary structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
packing and energy content
14. (R) and (S) describe what?
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
absolute configuration
15. Name for 5 membered ring
parallel beta sheet
quaternary structure
furanose
Beta pleated sheet
16. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
starch
epimers
Proteins
disulfide bond
17. Characteristics of polar amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glycerol
18. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
furanose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
ketose
optical activity
19. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
optical activity
epimers
triacylglycerol
isoelectric point
20. Basic amino acids
anomeric carbon
have amino group in their side chains
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
21. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
anomers
quaternary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
alpha helix
22. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Characteristics of the peptide bond
amphoteric
stereoisomers
23. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
isoelectric point
lactase
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
24. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
glycerol
isomers
amphipathic
furanose
25. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
stereoisomers
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
26. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
unsaturated fatty acid
Ka
lactase
27. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
packing and energy content
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
secondary structure
pI
28. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
7.4
parallel beta sheet
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
absolute configuration
29. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
disulfide bond
secondary structure
30. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
starch
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
amphoteric
lactase
31. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
alpha helix
lipases
Beta pleated sheet
starch
32. (+) and (-) describe what?
pyranose
maltase
CH3COOH
optical activity
33. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
alpha helix
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
34. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
saturated fatty acid
Proteins
Beta pleated sheet
35. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
absolute configuration
anomers
glycerol
36. Formula for urea
histidine - arginine - lysine
Proteins
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
NH2CONH2
37. D and L describe what?
have amino group in their side chains
stereoisomers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
optical activity
38. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- configuration
primary structure
L- amino acid
optical activity
39. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
will have pI of 6
pyranose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
40. Interconversion btw two anomers
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
mutarotation
7.4
quaternary structure
41. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Proteins
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
42. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
CH3COOH
mutarotation
maltase
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
43. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
amphipathic
starch
unsaturated fatty acid
44. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
starch
glycerol
ketose
alpha helix
45. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
addition of water across of a bond
glycogen
46. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Beta pleated sheet
starch
aldose
47. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
antiparallel beta sheet
lipases
L- amino acid
tertiary structure
48. Acetic acid formula?
quaternary structure
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
tertiary structure
CH3COOH
49. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycogen
antiparallel beta sheet
optical activity
50. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
phospholipids
aldose
will have pI of 6
anomeric carbon