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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
pyranose
glycerol
maltase
amphoteric
2. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
unsaturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
3. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
7.4
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
4. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
glycerol
Ka
quaternary structure
epimers
5. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
lipases
unsaturated fatty acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
6. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
only achiral amino acid
pI
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
glycerol
isomers
Characteristics of the peptide bond
addition of water across of a bond
8. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
tertiary structure
triacylglycerol
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Proteins
9. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
Characteristics of the peptide bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
packing and energy content
10. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
will have pI of 6
optical activity
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
11. Name for 6 membered ring
antiparallel beta sheet
Proteins
isoelectric point
pyranose
12. Unique feature of glycine
alpha helix
aldose
only achiral amino acid
secondary structure
13. Hydrolysis
furanose
D- amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
14. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
addition of water across of a bond
phospholipids
anomeric carbon
pI
15. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
NH2CONH2
Beta pleated sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
lactase
16. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
ketose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
17. Histidine
mutarotation
quaternary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
D- amino acid
18. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
anomeric carbon
absolute configuration
Characteristics of the peptide bond
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
19. D and L describe what?
peptide bond
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
disulfide bond
lactase
20. Characteristics of polar amino acids
tertiary structure
pyranose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
starch
21. Fatty acid structure
antiparallel beta sheet
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
22. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
D- amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
have amino group in their side chains
23. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
glycogen
unsaturated fatty acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
ketose
24. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
stereoisomers
cysteine and methionine
25. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Proteins
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
D- amino acid
packing and energy content
26. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
amphipathic
have amino group in their side chains
D- glyceraldehyde
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
27. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
pI
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
28. Acetic acid formula?
isomers
furanose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
CH3COOH
29. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
30. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
tertiary structure
31. Characteristic of basic amino acids
disulfide bond
have amino group in their side chains
ketose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
32. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
7.4
33. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
NH2CONH2
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
absolute configuration
34. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
cysteine and methionine
stereoisomers
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
35. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
NH2CONH2
glycerol
Proteins
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
36. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
absolute configuration
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
amphoteric
peptide bond
37. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
peptide bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
amphipathic
38. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
lactase
saturated fatty acid
isomers
packing and energy content
39. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
optical activity
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
40. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Ka
saturated fatty acid
41. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
saturated fatty acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
isoelectric point
42. Unique feature of proline
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
packing and energy content
L- configuration
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
43. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
lactase
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
antiparallel beta sheet
44. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
Ka
will have pI of 6
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
45. (R) and (S) describe what?
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
tertiary structure
absolute configuration
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
46. 3 physiological roles of lipids
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
aldose
absolute configuration
47. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
48. Formula for urea
have amino group in their side chains
anomers
NH2CONH2
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
49. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
unsaturated fatty acid
antiparallel beta sheet
50. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
peptide bond
disulfide bond
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan