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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
disulfide bond
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
phospholipids
2. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
pyranose
anomers
pI
3. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
tertiary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
4. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
maltase
isomers
glycogen
5. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
Ka
isoelectric point
primary structure
pyranose
6. Unique feature of glycine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Ka
only achiral amino acid
ketose
7. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
primary structure
Beta pleated sheet
cysteine and methionine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
8. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
Ka
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
phospholipids
9. Acetic acid formula?
secondary structure
CH3COOH
histidine - arginine - lysine
pyranose
10. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
Proteins
maltase
triacylglycerol
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
11. Characteristics of polar amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
D- amino acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
12. Fatty acid structure
mutarotation
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
CH3COOH
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
13. (R) and (S) describe what?
glycogen
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
Ka
absolute configuration
14. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Beta pleated sheet
tertiary structure
L- amino acid
15. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
16. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
peptide bond
amphoteric
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
17. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
epimers
glycogen
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
18. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
maltase
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glycogen
19. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
triacylglycerol
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
isomers
secondary structure
20. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
antiparallel beta sheet
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
21. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
pI
addition of water across of a bond
secondary structure
22. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
Ka
isoelectric point
tertiary structure
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
23. Characteristic of basic amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
unsaturated fatty acid
have amino group in their side chains
7.4
24. Acidic amino acids
disulfide bond
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
25. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
triacylglycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
aldose
cysteine and methionine
26. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
glycogen
anomers
anomeric carbon
amphipathic
27. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
Proteins
glycogen
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
D- glyceraldehyde
28. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
epimers
quaternary structure
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
29. Formula for urea
pyranose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
NH2CONH2
saturated fatty acid
30. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
quaternary structure
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
amphoteric
31. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
saturated fatty acid
peptide bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
mutarotation
32. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have amino group in their side chains
33. Hydrophilic amino acids
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
34. D and L describe what?
antiparallel beta sheet
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
secondary structure
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
35. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
disulfide bond
anomers
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
36. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
anomeric carbon
L- amino acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
37. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
parallel beta sheet
anomers
saturated fatty acid
glycerol
38. Unique feature of cysteine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
isomers
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
ketose
39. (+) and (-) describe what?
amphoteric
L- configuration
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
optical activity
40. Hydrolysis
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
addition of water across of a bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
41. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
Characteristics of the peptide bond
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
lipases
maltase
42. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
NH2CONH2
CH3COOH
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
43. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
alpha helix
D- amino acid
pyranose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
44. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
secondary structure
primary structure
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
amphipathic
45. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Proteins
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
saturated fatty acid
46. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
phospholipids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
secondary structure
47. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
saturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
cysteine and methionine
48. Name for 5 membered ring
quaternary structure
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
furanose
49. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
parallel beta sheet
isomers
stereoisomers
50. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
L- configuration
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water