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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (+) and (-) describe what?
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
disulfide bond
optical activity
2. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
Proteins
isoelectric point
D- amino acid
3. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glycerol
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
epimers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
4. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
quaternary structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
5. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
lipases
CH3COOH
D- glyceraldehyde
6. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glycogen
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
7. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
L- amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
quaternary structure
Ka
8. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
triacylglycerol
tertiary structure
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
9. Name for 6 membered ring
will have pI of 6
anomers
pyranose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
10. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
lactase
L- amino acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
11. Fatty acid structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
absolute configuration
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
12. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
ketose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Ka
13. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
secondary structure
amphipathic
lipases
14. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
optical activity
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
15. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
packing and energy content
anomeric carbon
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
16. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
phospholipids
Ka
starch
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
17. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
stereoisomers
isomers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
saturated fatty acid
18. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
quaternary structure
isomers
Proteins
glycogen
19. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
isoelectric point
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
unsaturated fatty acid
20. Histidine
Proteins
antiparallel beta sheet
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
peptide bond
21. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
triacylglycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
alpha helix
Beta pleated sheet
22. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
NH2CONH2
quaternary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
23. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
anomers
aldose
alpha helix
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
24. Physiological pH
7.4
lactase
CH3COOH
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
25. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
26. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
primary structure
have amino group in their side chains
27. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
pI
L- amino acid
starch
28. Interconversion btw two anomers
glycerol
mutarotation
stereoisomers
alpha helix
29. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
optical activity
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
30. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
addition of water across of a bond
furanose
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
31. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
have amino group in their side chains
glycerol
anomers
32. Unique feature of cysteine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
L- configuration
glycogen
isoelectric point
33. Glyceraldehyde
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Ka
amphoteric
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
34. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
ketose
35. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
disulfide bond
36. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
anomers
cysteine and methionine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
37. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
anomeric carbon
antiparallel beta sheet
have amino group in their side chains
stereoisomers
38. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
packing and energy content
Beta pleated sheet
Proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
39. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
Characteristics of the peptide bond
40. 3 physiological roles of lipids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
aldose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
D- amino acid
41. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
aldose
parallel beta sheet
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
42. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
phospholipids
epimers
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
addition of water across of a bond
43. Acidic amino acids
maltase
amphipathic
Ka
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
44. Basic amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
L- amino acid
45. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
cysteine and methionine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
L- amino acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
46. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
parallel beta sheet
amphoteric
glycerol
47. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
addition of water across of a bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
have amino group in their side chains
48. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
lipases
pyranose
disulfide bond
49. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
maltase
optical activity
pyranose
pI
50. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
lipases
unsaturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet