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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
parallel beta sheet
D- glyceraldehyde
quaternary structure
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
cysteine and methionine
only achiral amino acid
3. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
NH2CONH2
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
unsaturated fatty acid
4. 3 physiological roles of lipids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
ketose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
5. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
stereoisomers
only achiral amino acid
lipases
6. Acidic amino acids
disulfide bond
Proteins
only achiral amino acid
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
7. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
will have pI of 6
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
lactase
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
8. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
secondary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
phospholipids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
9. Name for 5 membered ring
alpha helix
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
furanose
Ka
10. Basic amino acids
ketose
histidine - arginine - lysine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
D- glyceraldehyde
11. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
starch
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
triacylglycerol
12. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
furanose
unsaturated fatty acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
optical activity
13. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
lipases
L- amino acid
14. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
Proteins
antiparallel beta sheet
ketose
15. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
glycerol
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
NH2CONH2
16. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
furanose
parallel beta sheet
anomeric carbon
Proteins
17. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
addition of water across of a bond
stereoisomers
Ka
ketose
18. Sulfur containing amino acids
saturated fatty acid
lipases
unsaturated fatty acid
cysteine and methionine
19. Histidine
lipases
parallel beta sheet
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
lactase
20. Characteristics of polar amino acids
mutarotation
unsaturated fatty acid
epimers
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
21. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
secondary structure
antiparallel beta sheet
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
isomers
22. Unique feature of cysteine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
peptide bond
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
23. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
aldose
cysteine and methionine
Characteristics of the peptide bond
24. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
epimers
L- amino acid
only achiral amino acid
25. Physiological pH
7.4
CH3COOH
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
26. Acetic acid formula?
ketose
Ka
CH3COOH
primary structure
27. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
amphipathic
Characteristics of the peptide bond
28. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
secondary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
L- amino acid
tertiary structure
29. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
glycerol
Proteins
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
phospholipids
30. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
CH3COOH
glycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
addition of water across of a bond
31. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
primary structure
32. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
glycogen
CH3COOH
packing and energy content
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
33. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
D- amino acid
amphoteric
optical activity
isoelectric point
34. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
L- amino acid
have amino group in their side chains
aldose
35. Hydrophilic amino acids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
alpha helix
isoelectric point
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
36. Fatty acid structure
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
anomeric carbon
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
cysteine and methionine
37. (+) and (-) describe what?
anomeric carbon
optical activity
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
secondary structure
38. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
addition of water across of a bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
maltase
39. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
addition of water across of a bond
glycogen
stereoisomers
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
40. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
L- configuration
amphoteric
NH2CONH2
alpha helix
41. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
D- amino acid
isoelectric point
lactase
42. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
cysteine and methionine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
43. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
lactase
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
phospholipids
aldose
44. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
D- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Ka
45. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
furanose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
parallel beta sheet
stereoisomers
46. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
D- amino acid
absolute configuration
peptide bond
47. Unique feature of glycine
phospholipids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
only achiral amino acid
48. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
pI
aldose
packing and energy content
primary structure
49. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
saturated fatty acid
aldose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
50. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
phospholipids
CH3COOH
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
peptide bond