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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
stereoisomers
isoelectric point
packing and energy content
2. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
glycerol
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
amphoteric
3. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
pyranose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
anomeric carbon
4. Acetic acid formula?
anomers
CH3COOH
amphoteric
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
5. Fatty acid structure
amphipathic
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
only achiral amino acid
6. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Proteins
mutarotation
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Ka
7. Physiological pH
primary structure
quaternary structure
7.4
ketose
8. Formula for urea
optical activity
NH2CONH2
histidine - arginine - lysine
amphipathic
9. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
starch
isomers
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
10. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
anomeric carbon
packing and energy content
cysteine and methionine
CH3COOH
11. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
glycerol
Beta pleated sheet
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
Characteristics of the peptide bond
12. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
furanose
tertiary structure
pyranose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
13. Sulfur containing amino acids
CH3COOH
amphoteric
isomers
cysteine and methionine
14. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
phospholipids
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
D- amino acid
15. Name for 6 membered ring
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
anomeric carbon
pyranose
D- glyceraldehyde
16. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
lactase
alpha helix
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
stereoisomers
17. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
alpha helix
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
absolute configuration
18. Hydrolysis
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
addition of water across of a bond
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pI
19. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
triacylglycerol
phospholipids
20. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glycerol
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
saturated fatty acid
epimers
21. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
CH3COOH
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
only achiral amino acid
22. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
aldose
anomeric carbon
23. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
unsaturated fatty acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
cysteine and methionine
alpha helix
24. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
pI
quaternary structure
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
25. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
amphipathic
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
epimers
saturated fatty acid
26. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
D- glyceraldehyde
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
triacylglycerol
27. Glyceraldehyde
optical activity
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
histidine - arginine - lysine
28. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
addition of water across of a bond
isoelectric point
glycerol
29. (+) and (-) describe what?
Beta pleated sheet
stereoisomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
optical activity
30. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
pI
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
triacylglycerol
31. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
saturated fatty acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
32. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
7.4
33. Interconversion btw two anomers
primary structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
anomers
mutarotation
34. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
D- glyceraldehyde
unsaturated fatty acid
35. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
D- glyceraldehyde
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
antiparallel beta sheet
mutarotation
36. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
lactase
cysteine and methionine
anomers
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
37. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
D- amino acid
cysteine and methionine
epimers
38. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
7.4
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
39. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
Proteins
primary structure
phospholipids
40. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
7.4
parallel beta sheet
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
41. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
histidine - arginine - lysine
CH3COOH
quaternary structure
42. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
D- amino acid
starch
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
furanose
43. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
anomeric carbon
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
will have pI of 6
Beta pleated sheet
44. Hydrophilic amino acids
secondary structure
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
starch
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
45. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
tertiary structure
amphipathic
maltase
only achiral amino acid
46. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Beta pleated sheet
47. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
D- amino acid
7.4
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
48. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
stereoisomers
CH3COOH
primary structure
lipases
49. Name for 5 membered ring
CH3COOH
Proteins
furanose
L- amino acid
50. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
D- glyceraldehyde
parallel beta sheet
cysteine and methionine
unsaturated fatty acid