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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
epimers
amphoteric
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
2. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
CH3COOH
histidine - arginine - lysine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
3. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
Beta pleated sheet
will have pI of 6
saturated fatty acid
glycogen
4. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
phospholipids
secondary structure
addition of water across of a bond
parallel beta sheet
5. Characteristics of polar amino acids
aldose
epimers
glycogen
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
6. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
triacylglycerol
L- amino acid
CH3COOH
amphoteric
7. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
glycogen
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
lactase
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
8. Formula for urea
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
cysteine and methionine
amphipathic
NH2CONH2
9. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
antiparallel beta sheet
10. Physiological pH
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
7.4
quaternary structure
ketose
11. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
Ka
isomers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
12. Interconversion btw two anomers
L- configuration
Ka
mutarotation
amphoteric
13. Name for 6 membered ring
histidine - arginine - lysine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
epimers
pyranose
14. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
15. Sulfur containing amino acids
epimers
optical activity
cysteine and methionine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
16. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
glycerol
L- configuration
17. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
will have pI of 6
anomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
only achiral amino acid
18. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
will have pI of 6
peptide bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
19. (R) and (S) describe what?
glycogen
anomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
absolute configuration
20. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
lipases
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
epimers
packing and energy content
21. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
primary structure
peptide bond
will have pI of 6
absolute configuration
22. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
cysteine and methionine
antiparallel beta sheet
L- configuration
23. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
unsaturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
amphipathic
tertiary structure
24. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
maltase
pI
peptide bond
primary structure
25. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
ketose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
starch
26. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
CH3COOH
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
27. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
D- amino acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
28. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
anomers
quaternary structure
lactase
29. Acidic amino acids
addition of water across of a bond
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
anomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
30. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
D- amino acid
will have pI of 6
furanose
31. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
isomers
tertiary structure
amphoteric
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
32. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
Beta pleated sheet
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
33. Histidine
histidine - arginine - lysine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
absolute configuration
only achiral amino acid
34. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
amphoteric
anomeric carbon
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
isoelectric point
35. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
packing and energy content
stereoisomers
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
36. 3 physiological roles of lipids
isomers
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
Ka
37. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
lactase
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
38. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
amphoteric
amphipathic
7.4
39. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
L- configuration
40. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
quaternary structure
isoelectric point
Ka
tertiary structure
41. Hydrophilic amino acids
quaternary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
L- configuration
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
42. Acetic acid formula?
only achiral amino acid
optical activity
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
CH3COOH
43. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
will have pI of 6
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
44. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
parallel beta sheet
pI
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
45. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
only achiral amino acid
amphoteric
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
pI
46. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
tertiary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
epimers
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
47. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
maltase
mutarotation
isoelectric point
48. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
primary structure
stereoisomers
have amino group in their side chains
alpha helix
49. Unique feature of cysteine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
amphipathic
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
mutarotation
50. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
unsaturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
absolute configuration