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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
epimers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
stereoisomers
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
will have pI of 6
histidine - arginine - lysine
3. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
isoelectric point
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
addition of water across of a bond
4. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
7.4
lactase
5. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
quaternary structure
glycerol
aldose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
6. (R) and (S) describe what?
addition of water across of a bond
absolute configuration
primary structure
saturated fatty acid
7. (+) and (-) describe what?
D- glyceraldehyde
optical activity
primary structure
NH2CONH2
8. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
phospholipids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
9. Sulfur containing amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
anomers
antiparallel beta sheet
cysteine and methionine
10. Glyceraldehyde
only achiral amino acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
parallel beta sheet
disulfide bond
11. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
anomers
furanose
alpha helix
disulfide bond
12. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
L- amino acid
epimers
unsaturated fatty acid
13. D and L describe what?
histidine - arginine - lysine
lipases
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
14. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Proteins
lactase
Ka
15. Name for 5 membered ring
triacylglycerol
furanose
Ka
will have pI of 6
16. Unique feature of proline
L- configuration
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
pI
17. Physiological pH
Characteristics of the peptide bond
7.4
lactase
Ka
18. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
isomers
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
amphoteric
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
19. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
Beta pleated sheet
packing and energy content
cysteine and methionine
20. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
have amino group in their side chains
alpha helix
Proteins
21. Acetic acid formula?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
isomers
CH3COOH
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
22. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
isomers
lipases
23. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
cysteine and methionine
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
24. Formula for urea
isoelectric point
amphoteric
CH3COOH
NH2CONH2
25. Basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
histidine - arginine - lysine
D- glyceraldehyde
epimers
26. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
absolute configuration
starch
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
optical activity
27. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
saturated fatty acid
will have pI of 6
glycerol
secondary structure
28. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
D- amino acid
isoelectric point
ketose
29. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
D- amino acid
NH2CONH2
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
30. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
unsaturated fatty acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
L- amino acid
31. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
disulfide bond
optical activity
Proteins
anomeric carbon
32. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
pyranose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
33. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
only achiral amino acid
lipases
will have pI of 6
34. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
tertiary structure
D- glyceraldehyde
triacylglycerol
35. Unique feature of glycine
only achiral amino acid
anomeric carbon
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
antiparallel beta sheet
36. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
amphipathic
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
37. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
unsaturated fatty acid
aldose
amphipathic
38. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
D- amino acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
39. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
40. Histidine
optical activity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
41. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glycerol
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
42. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
mutarotation
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
pI
anomeric carbon
43. Unique feature of cysteine
maltase
phospholipids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
44. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
optical activity
CH3COOH
45. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
saturated fatty acid
anomeric carbon
46. Hydrophilic amino acids
primary structure
mutarotation
isoelectric point
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
47. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
triacylglycerol
stereoisomers
48. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glycerol
amphipathic
49. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
mutarotation
peptide bond
lactase
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
50. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
disulfide bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
furanose