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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
peptide bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
isomers
tertiary structure
2. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
CH3COOH
isomers
amphoteric
only achiral amino acid
3. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
amphipathic
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
L- amino acid
4. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
lipases
anomeric carbon
secondary structure
5. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
Proteins
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
D- amino acid
6. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
saturated fatty acid
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
anomers
7. Unique feature of glycine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
only achiral amino acid
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
8. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
quaternary structure
ketose
NH2CONH2
9. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
saturated fatty acid
antiparallel beta sheet
absolute configuration
D- amino acid
10. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
furanose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
11. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
peptide bond
quaternary structure
optical activity
maltase
12. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
NH2CONH2
will have pI of 6
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
D- amino acid
13. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
pI
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glycogen
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
14. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
epimers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
15. Acetic acid formula?
starch
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
CH3COOH
mutarotation
16. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glycogen
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
17. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
anomers
Proteins
phospholipids
18. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
antiparallel beta sheet
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
tertiary structure
L- amino acid
19. Physiological pH
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
packing and energy content
7.4
ketose
20. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
isomers
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
triacylglycerol
21. 3 physiological roles of lipids
L- configuration
quaternary structure
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
lipases
22. Unique feature of proline
pI
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
lactase
aldose
23. Glyceraldehyde
starch
amphipathic
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
secondary structure
24. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
histidine - arginine - lysine
phospholipids
maltase
25. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
alpha helix
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
26. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
pyranose
disulfide bond
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
L- amino acid
27. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
unsaturated fatty acid
optical activity
L- amino acid
aldose
28. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
alpha helix
peptide bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
have amino group in their side chains
29. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
D- amino acid
lipases
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
phospholipids
30. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
unsaturated fatty acid
isoelectric point
only achiral amino acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
31. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
have amino group in their side chains
mutarotation
32. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glycogen
mutarotation
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
33. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
furanose
phospholipids
Ka
Beta pleated sheet
34. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
glycogen
peptide bond
L- amino acid
35. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
Characteristics of the peptide bond
L- configuration
alpha helix
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
36. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
isoelectric point
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
Beta pleated sheet
37. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
glycogen
Proteins
will have pI of 6
anomeric carbon
38. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
mutarotation
CH3COOH
39. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
Ka
addition of water across of a bond
ketose
40. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
D- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
41. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
42. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
CH3COOH
D- glyceraldehyde
43. Acidic amino acids
glycerol
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
secondary structure
anomers
44. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
isomers
45. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
histidine - arginine - lysine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
46. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
tertiary structure
glycogen
47. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
epimers
pyranose
48. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
49. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
saturated fatty acid
secondary structure
maltase
amphipathic
50. Formula for urea
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycerol
L- amino acid
NH2CONH2