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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
will have pI of 6
7.4
unsaturated fatty acid
2. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
primary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Proteins
pI
3. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glycerol
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
anomeric carbon
4. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
furanose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
5. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
triacylglycerol
D- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
6. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
pI
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
packing and energy content
7. Sulfur containing amino acids
cysteine and methionine
amphoteric
NH2CONH2
primary structure
8. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
only achiral amino acid
D- amino acid
disulfide bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
9. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
mutarotation
ketose
NH2CONH2
epimers
10. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
glycogen
L- amino acid
pyranose
11. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
pyranose
12. Acetic acid formula?
only achiral amino acid
CH3COOH
L- configuration
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
13. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
will have pI of 6
lipases
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
14. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
aldose
starch
secondary structure
optical activity
15. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
mutarotation
starch
disulfide bond
amphipathic
16. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
only achiral amino acid
parallel beta sheet
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
mutarotation
17. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
absolute configuration
secondary structure
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
18. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
glycogen
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
L- amino acid
19. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
anomers
stereoisomers
Beta pleated sheet
20. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
alpha helix
aldose
tertiary structure
21. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
aldose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
stereoisomers
phospholipids
22. (R) and (S) describe what?
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
secondary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
absolute configuration
23. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
only achiral amino acid
unsaturated fatty acid
24. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
tertiary structure
lipases
glycerol
25. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
mutarotation
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
L- configuration
maltase
26. Hydrophilic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
peptide bond
will have pI of 6
27. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
aldose
28. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
D- glyceraldehyde
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glycogen
29. Physiological pH
7.4
aldose
CH3COOH
optical activity
30. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Proteins
D- amino acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
31. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
secondary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
epimers
32. Unique feature of proline
secondary structure
primary structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
L- configuration
33. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glycogen
have amino group in their side chains
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
34. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
lipases
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
mutarotation
35. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
glycerol
isoelectric point
peptide bond
will have pI of 6
36. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
isoelectric point
stereoisomers
37. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
pI
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
38. Unique feature of cysteine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
alpha helix
anomeric carbon
39. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
absolute configuration
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
40. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
triacylglycerol
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
41. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
D- amino acid
absolute configuration
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
42. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
pyranose
43. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
alpha helix
amphipathic
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
D- glyceraldehyde
44. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
cysteine and methionine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
45. Basic amino acids
ketose
triacylglycerol
CH3COOH
histidine - arginine - lysine
46. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7.4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
47. Characteristics of polar amino acids
L- configuration
isoelectric point
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
48. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
L- configuration
isomers
only achiral amino acid
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
49. Hydrolysis
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
addition of water across of a bond
Beta pleated sheet
50. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
will have pI of 6
isoelectric point
parallel beta sheet