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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
alpha helix
phospholipids
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
anomeric carbon
2. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
addition of water across of a bond
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
phospholipids
pI
3. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
tertiary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
4. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
7.4
D- amino acid
5. Unique feature of cysteine
unsaturated fatty acid
Proteins
optical activity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
6. Formula for urea
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
NH2CONH2
7. Acetic acid formula?
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
CH3COOH
D- glyceraldehyde
8. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
absolute configuration
pI
stereoisomers
peptide bond
9. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
secondary structure
lactase
7.4
10. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
saturated fatty acid
primary structure
aldose
11. Characteristics of polar amino acids
cysteine and methionine
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Proteins
unsaturated fatty acid
12. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
mutarotation
lactase
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
amphipathic
13. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
isoelectric point
L- amino acid
14. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
Proteins
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
15. Glyceraldehyde
Characteristics of the peptide bond
will have pI of 6
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
epimers
16. Fatty acid structure
antiparallel beta sheet
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
ketose
optical activity
17. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
18. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
primary structure
L- amino acid
19. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
epimers
isomers
pyranose
unsaturated fatty acid
20. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
anomeric carbon
primary structure
21. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
antiparallel beta sheet
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
22. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
L- configuration
tertiary structure
alpha helix
D- glyceraldehyde
23. Polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
maltase
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
24. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
isomers
D- amino acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
25. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
have amino group in their side chains
ketose
26. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
addition of water across of a bond
lactase
ketose
27. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
parallel beta sheet
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
isoelectric point
alpha helix
28. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
lipases
starch
antiparallel beta sheet
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
29. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
quaternary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
antiparallel beta sheet
glycogen
30. Hydrophilic amino acids
D- amino acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
optical activity
anomeric carbon
31. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
quaternary structure
aldose
32. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
isoelectric point
glycogen
mutarotation
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
33. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
histidine - arginine - lysine
secondary structure
34. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7.4
aldose
phospholipids
35. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
isomers
D- amino acid
absolute configuration
36. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
have amino group in their side chains
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
anomers
37. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
alpha helix
stereoisomers
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
38. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
unsaturated fatty acid
aldose
L- amino acid
39. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
maltase
packing and energy content
amphoteric
glycerol
40. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
primary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
41. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
Proteins
maltase
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
tertiary structure
42. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
saturated fatty acid
furanose
lipases
43. Name for 5 membered ring
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
D- amino acid
furanose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
44. Physiological pH
7.4
histidine - arginine - lysine
starch
packing and energy content
45. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
isomers
CH3COOH
saturated fatty acid
disulfide bond
46. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
47. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
packing and energy content
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
48. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
Characteristics of the peptide bond
lipases
lactase
49. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
peptide bond
pI
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
50. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
disulfide bond
amphipathic
Ka
D- glyceraldehyde