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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
unsaturated fatty acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
2. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
furanose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
absolute configuration
3. Glyceraldehyde
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
amphipathic
absolute configuration
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
4. 3 physiological roles of lipids
phospholipids
ketose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
7.4
5. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
tertiary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
7.4
6. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
parallel beta sheet
amphipathic
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
7. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
amphoteric
anomeric carbon
isomers
unsaturated fatty acid
8. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
only achiral amino acid
CH3COOH
alpha helix
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
9. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
parallel beta sheet
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
10. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
absolute configuration
Ka
amphipathic
11. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
lipases
peptide bond
12. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
stereoisomers
unsaturated fatty acid
maltase
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
13. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
Ka
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
14. Unique feature of glycine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
only achiral amino acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
furanose
15. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
furanose
Beta pleated sheet
cysteine and methionine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
16. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
lactase
glycogen
17. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
stereoisomers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Proteins
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
18. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
stereoisomers
amphipathic
triacylglycerol
primary structure
19. Name for 5 membered ring
unsaturated fatty acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
will have pI of 6
furanose
20. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
secondary structure
starch
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
isoelectric point
21. Formula for urea
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
NH2CONH2
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
22. Histidine
lipases
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
disulfide bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
23. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
mutarotation
will have pI of 6
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
24. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
starch
absolute configuration
amphoteric
25. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
parallel beta sheet
antiparallel beta sheet
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
26. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
peptide bond
Beta pleated sheet
quaternary structure
absolute configuration
27. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
triacylglycerol
starch
ketose
anomers
28. Physiological pH
lipases
7.4
CH3COOH
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
29. Hydrophilic amino acids
glycerol
CH3COOH
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
antiparallel beta sheet
30. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
Proteins
absolute configuration
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
31. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
Proteins
D- amino acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
epimers
32. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
D- glyceraldehyde
lipases
maltase
33. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
D- amino acid
saturated fatty acid
antiparallel beta sheet
34. Acetic acid formula?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
CH3COOH
epimers
isomers
35. Interconversion btw two anomers
pyranose
primary structure
lactase
mutarotation
36. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
amphoteric
saturated fatty acid
addition of water across of a bond
furanose
37. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
aldose
antiparallel beta sheet
D- glyceraldehyde
amphoteric
38. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
lactase
glycerol
furanose
39. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
pI
cysteine and methionine
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
40. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
only achiral amino acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
L- configuration
41. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
antiparallel beta sheet
Beta pleated sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Proteins
42. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
L- amino acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
packing and energy content
43. Unique feature of proline
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
primary structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
44. Name for 6 membered ring
isomers
alpha helix
L- configuration
pyranose
45. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
stereoisomers
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
parallel beta sheet
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
46. Unique feature of cysteine
epimers
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
lipases
pI
47. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
aldose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
anomers
maltase
48. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
pyranose
L- configuration
tertiary structure
L- amino acid
49. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
absolute configuration
triacylglycerol
Proteins
primary structure
50. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Ka
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
only achiral amino acid