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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
anomeric carbon
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
CH3COOH
2. Basic amino acids
unsaturated fatty acid
peptide bond
histidine - arginine - lysine
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
3. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
D- amino acid
4. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
quaternary structure
primary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
5. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
CH3COOH
Ka
6. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
pI
glycerol
optical activity
lipases
7. Acidic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
will have pI of 6
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
8. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
furanose
9. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
have amino group in their side chains
10. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
peptide bond
antiparallel beta sheet
11. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
quaternary structure
CH3COOH
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
saturated fatty acid
12. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
epimers
unsaturated fatty acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
13. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
parallel beta sheet
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have amino group in their side chains
14. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
tertiary structure
L- amino acid
amphoteric
15. Histidine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
16. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
pI
alpha helix
Ka
17. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
L- configuration
D- glyceraldehyde
Beta pleated sheet
18. 3 physiological roles of lipids
packing and energy content
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
alpha helix
19. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
pI
secondary structure
parallel beta sheet
lactase
20. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
secondary structure
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
aldose
amphoteric
21. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
CH3COOH
amphipathic
isoelectric point
quaternary structure
22. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
alpha helix
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
23. Name for 5 membered ring
pI
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
furanose
isomers
24. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
addition of water across of a bond
glycogen
Proteins
25. Characteristic of basic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
have amino group in their side chains
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
anomeric carbon
26. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
antiparallel beta sheet
maltase
L- amino acid
glycogen
27. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
epimers
anomeric carbon
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
28. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
unsaturated fatty acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
peptide bond
29. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
aldose
phospholipids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
30. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
L- amino acid
alpha helix
31. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
histidine - arginine - lysine
isomers
antiparallel beta sheet
aldose
32. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
glycerol
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
anomeric carbon
33. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
CH3COOH
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
34. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Beta pleated sheet
optical activity
Proteins
35. Unique feature of cysteine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
aldose
antiparallel beta sheet
36. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
quaternary structure
phospholipids
CH3COOH
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
37. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
starch
packing and energy content
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
tertiary structure
38. Glyceraldehyde
alpha helix
peptide bond
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
packing and energy content
39. (+) and (-) describe what?
epimers
Characteristics of the peptide bond
L- amino acid
optical activity
40. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
cysteine and methionine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
41. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
phospholipids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
maltase
42. Hydrolysis
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
addition of water across of a bond
amphoteric
absolute configuration
43. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
pI
anomers
quaternary structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
44. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
antiparallel beta sheet
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
ketose
L- amino acid
45. Physiological pH
7.4
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
46. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
D- glyceraldehyde
lactase
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
optical activity
47. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
triacylglycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
amphipathic
ketose
48. Hydrophilic amino acids
phospholipids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
49. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
saturated fatty acid
isoelectric point
phospholipids
parallel beta sheet
50. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
anomers
Proteins
D- glyceraldehyde
stereoisomers