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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
quaternary structure
maltase
primary structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
2. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
pI
glycerol
have amino group in their side chains
unsaturated fatty acid
3. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
glycerol
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Ka
4. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
tertiary structure
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
5. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
antiparallel beta sheet
Proteins
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
pI
6. Physiological pH
amphipathic
L- configuration
7.4
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
7. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Beta pleated sheet
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
packing and energy content
8. Unique feature of cysteine
lactase
peptide bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
only achiral amino acid
9. 3 physiological roles of lipids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
only achiral amino acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
10. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
7.4
D- glyceraldehyde
Proteins
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
11. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
stereoisomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
isoelectric point
aldose
12. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
parallel beta sheet
primary structure
Ka
13. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
phospholipids
starch
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
isomers
14. Unique feature of glycine
isomers
will have pI of 6
optical activity
only achiral amino acid
15. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
lipases
L- configuration
isoelectric point
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
16. Hydrophilic amino acids
L- configuration
isomers
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
17. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
ketose
phospholipids
anomeric carbon
epimers
18. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
Proteins
quaternary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
19. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
primary structure
20. Polar amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
peptide bond
addition of water across of a bond
21. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glycerol
NH2CONH2
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
22. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
anomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
Characteristics of the peptide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
23. Acidic amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
tertiary structure
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
absolute configuration
24. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
absolute configuration
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Ka
25. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
quaternary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
peptide bond
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
26. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
mutarotation
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
D- amino acid
27. Histidine
stereoisomers
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
aldose
28. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
anomeric carbon
NH2CONH2
antiparallel beta sheet
7.4
29. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
will have pI of 6
L- amino acid
isomers
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
30. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
stereoisomers
quaternary structure
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
lactase
31. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
7.4
peptide bond
D- amino acid
32. Formula for urea
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
anomeric carbon
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
33. Interconversion btw two anomers
7.4
absolute configuration
mutarotation
furanose
34. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
have amino group in their side chains
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
amphoteric
35. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
primary structure
parallel beta sheet
D- amino acid
ketose
36. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
D- amino acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
L- configuration
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
37. Characteristic of basic amino acids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
isomers
amphipathic
have amino group in their side chains
38. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
L- configuration
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
39. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
amphoteric
primary structure
disulfide bond
40. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
quaternary structure
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
parallel beta sheet
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
41. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
pyranose
unsaturated fatty acid
42. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
triacylglycerol
secondary structure
histidine - arginine - lysine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
43. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
isomers
epimers
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
D- glyceraldehyde
44. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
Proteins
glycogen
lipases
packing and energy content
45. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
quaternary structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
starch
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
46. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
histidine - arginine - lysine
amphipathic
mutarotation
47. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
isomers
lactase
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
Characteristics of the peptide bond
48. D and L describe what?
pI
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
maltase
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
49. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
anomers
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
alpha helix
will have pI of 6
50. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Proteins
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails