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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
peptide bond
aldose
L- amino acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
2. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
secondary structure
have amino group in their side chains
antiparallel beta sheet
3. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
will have pI of 6
secondary structure
pI
have amino group in their side chains
4. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
maltase
epimers
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
5. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
anomers
lipases
6. Name for 6 membered ring
cysteine and methionine
starch
pyranose
L- amino acid
7. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
CH3COOH
amphipathic
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
tertiary structure
8. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
Proteins
disulfide bond
primary structure
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
9. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
primary structure
glycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
glycogen
10. Sulfur containing amino acids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
stereoisomers
cysteine and methionine
alpha helix
11. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
absolute configuration
addition of water across of a bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
Proteins
12. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
maltase
isomers
13. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
cysteine and methionine
aldose
pI
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
14. Glyceraldehyde
saturated fatty acid
isomers
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
anomeric carbon
15. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
triacylglycerol
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
unsaturated fatty acid
16. Polar amino acids
isoelectric point
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
17. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
disulfide bond
anomers
tertiary structure
anomeric carbon
18. Basic amino acids
pI
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
histidine - arginine - lysine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
19. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
absolute configuration
quaternary structure
will have pI of 6
ketose
20. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
21. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
22. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
primary structure
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
saturated fatty acid
23. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
packing and energy content
amphoteric
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
24. Acidic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
glycerol
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
25. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
glycerol
secondary structure
7.4
26. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
saturated fatty acid
27. Characteristics of polar amino acids
only achiral amino acid
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
have amino group in their side chains
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
28. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glycogen
pI
L- amino acid
L- configuration
29. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
cysteine and methionine
optical activity
primary structure
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
30. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
only achiral amino acid
peptide bond
31. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
pI
parallel beta sheet
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
32. Physiological pH
7.4
amphoteric
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
33. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
antiparallel beta sheet
peptide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
34. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
tertiary structure
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
parallel beta sheet
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
35. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
will have pI of 6
quaternary structure
phospholipids
36. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
lactase
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
L- amino acid
37. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
maltase
Proteins
Beta pleated sheet
38. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
starch
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
anomeric carbon
39. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
tertiary structure
aldose
stereoisomers
40. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
quaternary structure
41. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
will have pI of 6
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
saturated fatty acid
D- glyceraldehyde
42. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
absolute configuration
peptide bond
43. D and L describe what?
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
ketose
44. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
D- amino acid
secondary structure
45. Histidine
mutarotation
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
pI
7.4
46. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
pI
Proteins
lipases
Ka
47. Hydrolysis
amphipathic
cysteine and methionine
addition of water across of a bond
parallel beta sheet
48. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
isomers
49. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
L- amino acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
50. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
will have pI of 6
disulfide bond
Beta pleated sheet
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose