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MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
will have pI of 6
mutarotation
secondary structure
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
2. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
anomers
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
L- configuration
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
3. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Beta pleated sheet
ketose
optical activity
aldose
4. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
primary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
stereoisomers
Beta pleated sheet
5. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
mutarotation
ketose
6. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
L- amino acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
primary structure
anomers
7. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
starch
CH3COOH
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
8. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
amphoteric
addition of water across of a bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
aldose
9. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
CH3COOH
antiparallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
10. Name for 5 membered ring
will have pI of 6
D- amino acid
furanose
L- amino acid
11. (+) and (-) describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
optical activity
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
12. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
furanose
alpha helix
absolute configuration
pI
13. Physiological pH
addition of water across of a bond
epimers
7.4
only achiral amino acid
14. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Proteins
anomeric carbon
15. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
have amino group in their side chains
glycogen
saturated fatty acid
16. D and L describe what?
cysteine and methionine
7.4
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
17. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
primary structure
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
18. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
CH3COOH
addition of water across of a bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
lactase
19. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
glycogen
parallel beta sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
alpha helix
20. Unique feature of cysteine
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
pyranose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
21. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
optical activity
glycogen
ketose
isomers
22. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
phospholipids
epimers
optical activity
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
23. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
primary structure
disulfide bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
24. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
will have pI of 6
histidine - arginine - lysine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
25. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
Ka
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
26. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glycogen
alpha helix
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
7.4
27. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
absolute configuration
furanose
28. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
lactase
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Ka
glycogen
29. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
mutarotation
secondary structure
amphoteric
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
30. Interconversion btw two anomers
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
mutarotation
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
31. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
saturated fatty acid
tertiary structure
parallel beta sheet
32. 3 physiological roles of lipids
anomeric carbon
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
isoelectric point
D- amino acid
33. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
D- glyceraldehyde
triacylglycerol
have amino group in their side chains
34. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
lactase
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
35. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
Beta pleated sheet
Proteins
anomers
glycerol
36. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
isomers
tertiary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
cysteine and methionine
37. Glyceraldehyde
D- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glycerol
38. Name for 6 membered ring
NH2CONH2
glycogen
pyranose
alpha helix
39. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
phospholipids
maltase
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
primary structure
40. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
peptide bond
41. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
have amino group in their side chains
pI
D- glyceraldehyde
42. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
anomeric carbon
quaternary structure
disulfide bond
L- configuration
43. Unique feature of proline
stereoisomers
furanose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
44. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
cysteine and methionine
L- amino acid
packing and energy content
Characteristics of the peptide bond
45. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
Proteins
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
lactase
46. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glycogen
phospholipids
optical activity
47. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
Proteins
L- amino acid
phospholipids
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
48. Acetic acid formula?
quaternary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
CH3COOH
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
49. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
lactase
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
50. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
glycogen
tertiary structure
maltase
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