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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
furanose
epimers
amphoteric
2. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
anomers
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
3. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
quaternary structure
Beta pleated sheet
D- amino acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
4. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only achiral amino acid
peptide bond
5. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Beta pleated sheet
L- configuration
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
6. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
ketose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
pI
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
D- glyceraldehyde
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
8. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
unsaturated fatty acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glycerol
9. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
pyranose
pI
anomers
10. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
only achiral amino acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
11. Polar amino acids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7.4
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
Beta pleated sheet
12. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycogen
histidine - arginine - lysine
D- amino acid
13. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Proteins
glycogen
anomers
primary structure
14. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
phospholipids
will have pI of 6
quaternary structure
15. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
disulfide bond
Proteins
D- glyceraldehyde
isoelectric point
16. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
lactase
lipases
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
anomers
17. Acidic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
alpha helix
18. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
cysteine and methionine
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
D- glyceraldehyde
19. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
antiparallel beta sheet
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
parallel beta sheet
ketose
20. Physiological pH
phospholipids
addition of water across of a bond
7.4
pyranose
21. Unique feature of cysteine
only achiral amino acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
stereoisomers
22. Characteristic of basic amino acids
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
have amino group in their side chains
D- glyceraldehyde
pyranose
23. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
tertiary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
24. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
saturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Ka
lipases
25. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
pyranose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glycerol
26. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
pyranose
histidine - arginine - lysine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
27. (R) and (S) describe what?
NH2CONH2
primary structure
absolute configuration
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
28. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Characteristics of the peptide bond
alpha helix
CH3COOH
29. Basic amino acids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
histidine - arginine - lysine
CH3COOH
triacylglycerol
30. D and L describe what?
histidine - arginine - lysine
isoelectric point
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
31. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
primary structure
amphoteric
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
unsaturated fatty acid
32. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
L- amino acid
only achiral amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
saturated fatty acid
33. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
starch
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
34. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
lactase
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
amphipathic
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
35. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
tertiary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
anomers
maltase
36. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
glycerol
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
stereoisomers
parallel beta sheet
37. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
Proteins
saturated fatty acid
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
38. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
D- glyceraldehyde
39. Unique feature of glycine
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
only achiral amino acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
isomers
40. Sulfur containing amino acids
NH2CONH2
7.4
cysteine and methionine
pyranose
41. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
tertiary structure
antiparallel beta sheet
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
42. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
lactase
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycogen
43. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
disulfide bond
isoelectric point
L- amino acid
44. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
will have pI of 6
D- glyceraldehyde
L- configuration
45. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
amphipathic
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
peptide bond
46. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
glycogen
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
ketose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
47. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
isoelectric point
parallel beta sheet
48. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
D- glyceraldehyde
amphoteric
starch
49. Acetic acid formula?
CH3COOH
maltase
alpha helix
mutarotation
50. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
furanose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
addition of water across of a bond