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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
aldose
glycogen
optical activity
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
2. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
will have pI of 6
mutarotation
have amino group in their side chains
3. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
anomers
Beta pleated sheet
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Characteristics of the peptide bond
4. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
Characteristics of the peptide bond
absolute configuration
pI
packing and energy content
5. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
disulfide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
D- amino acid
stereoisomers
6. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
packing and energy content
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
lactase
7. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
anomers
unsaturated fatty acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
8. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
stereoisomers
L- configuration
9. Characteristic of basic amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
pyranose
have amino group in their side chains
10. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
starch
furanose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
Proteins
11. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
ketose
pI
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
12. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
amphipathic
Proteins
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
13. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
glycerol
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
mutarotation
saturated fatty acid
14. Histidine
addition of water across of a bond
anomeric carbon
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
15. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
L- amino acid
16. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
NH2CONH2
will have pI of 6
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
17. 3 physiological roles of lipids
addition of water across of a bond
L- configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
triacylglycerol
18. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
anomers
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
isoelectric point
19. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
phospholipids
anomeric carbon
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
unsaturated fatty acid
20. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
amphipathic
histidine - arginine - lysine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
21. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
only achiral amino acid
L- configuration
furanose
will have pI of 6
22. Name for 6 membered ring
quaternary structure
absolute configuration
addition of water across of a bond
pyranose
23. Physiological pH
parallel beta sheet
isomers
7.4
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
24. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
amphoteric
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
phospholipids
D- glyceraldehyde
25. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
NH2CONH2
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
primary structure
26. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
parallel beta sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
triacylglycerol
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
27. Sulfur containing amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
cysteine and methionine
alpha helix
NH2CONH2
28. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glycerol
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glycogen
29. Unique feature of cysteine
glycogen
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
addition of water across of a bond
packing and energy content
30. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
anomers
ketose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
secondary structure
31. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
L- configuration
quaternary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
will have pI of 6
32. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
only achiral amino acid
anomeric carbon
33. Polar amino acids
CH3COOH
absolute configuration
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
peptide bond
34. Basic amino acids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
D- glyceraldehyde
histidine - arginine - lysine
secondary structure
35. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
maltase
peptide bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
36. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
lipases
primary structure
Ka
37. D and L describe what?
CH3COOH
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
only achiral amino acid
38. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
maltase
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
unsaturated fatty acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
39. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
saturated fatty acid
lipases
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
40. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
aldose
unsaturated fatty acid
L- configuration
isomers
41. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
Beta pleated sheet
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
only achiral amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
42. Acetic acid formula?
mutarotation
CH3COOH
pyranose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
43. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
Proteins
lipases
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
44. Glyceraldehyde
triacylglycerol
saturated fatty acid
lipases
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
45. Name for 5 membered ring
amphipathic
furanose
saturated fatty acid
lipases
46. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
pI
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
D- glyceraldehyde
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
47. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
absolute configuration
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
D- amino acid
anomers
48. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
isoelectric point
mutarotation
will have pI of 6
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
49. Unique feature of glycine
D- glyceraldehyde
only achiral amino acid
optical activity
antiparallel beta sheet
50. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
stereoisomers
amphoteric
glycogen
ketose