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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3 physiological roles of lipids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
primary structure
2. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
Characteristics of the peptide bond
aldose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
3. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glycerol
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
Ka
4. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
packing and energy content
maltase
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
aldose
5. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
quaternary structure
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
will have pI of 6
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
6. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
L- amino acid
anomers
have amino group in their side chains
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
7. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
D- glyceraldehyde
Characteristics of the peptide bond
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
8. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
secondary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
starch
9. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
cysteine and methionine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glycogen
Characteristics of the peptide bond
10. Acetic acid formula?
disulfide bond
packing and energy content
CH3COOH
unsaturated fatty acid
11. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
12. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
only achiral amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
13. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
CH3COOH
packing and energy content
have amino group in their side chains
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
14. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
anomeric carbon
packing and energy content
15. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
peptide bond
isomers
L- configuration
maltase
16. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
pyranose
epimers
anomers
17. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
D- glyceraldehyde
18. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
have amino group in their side chains
lipases
pyranose
glycogen
19. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
L- amino acid
20. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
stereoisomers
21. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
D- amino acid
pI
isoelectric point
22. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pI
will have pI of 6
23. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
disulfide bond
tertiary structure
optical activity
pyranose
24. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
starch
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
alpha helix
glycerol
25. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
unsaturated fatty acid
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
amphoteric
saturated fatty acid
26. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
glycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
27. Hydrophilic amino acids
glycerol
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
furanose
packing and energy content
28. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
stereoisomers
addition of water across of a bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
29. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
lactase
antiparallel beta sheet
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
30. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
L- amino acid
starch
histidine - arginine - lysine
cysteine and methionine
31. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
isomers
D- glyceraldehyde
32. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
furanose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Ka
primary structure
33. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
ketose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
34. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
aldose
stereoisomers
pI
glycerol
35. Basic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
histidine - arginine - lysine
L- configuration
optical activity
36. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
phospholipids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
triacylglycerol
37. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
isoelectric point
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
38. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
anomeric carbon
glycerol
absolute configuration
39. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
mutarotation
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
will have pI of 6
40. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
histidine - arginine - lysine
anomers
unsaturated fatty acid
addition of water across of a bond
41. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Beta pleated sheet
will have pI of 6
pI
histidine - arginine - lysine
42. Glyceraldehyde
mutarotation
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Ka
43. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
NH2CONH2
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
44. Interconversion btw two anomers
L- amino acid
mutarotation
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
optical activity
45. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
ketose
glycerol
L- amino acid
46. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
L- configuration
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
47. Unique feature of cysteine
tertiary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
cysteine and methionine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
48. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
7.4
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
49. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
glycogen
Ka
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
ketose
50. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
isomers
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water