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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
pI
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
2. Characteristic of basic amino acids
glycerol
optical activity
have amino group in their side chains
L- amino acid
3. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
disulfide bond
anomers
D- amino acid
4. Interconversion btw two anomers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
mutarotation
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
disulfide bond
5. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
disulfide bond
mutarotation
unsaturated fatty acid
6. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
starch
maltase
7. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
tertiary structure
only achiral amino acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
Proteins
8. Acidic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
isomers
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
9. Formula for urea
amphoteric
unsaturated fatty acid
NH2CONH2
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
10. Basic amino acids
primary structure
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycogen
L- amino acid
11. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
primary structure
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
peptide bond
12. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
amphipathic
aldose
stereoisomers
lipases
13. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
addition of water across of a bond
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
alpha helix
14. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
D- glyceraldehyde
alpha helix
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
15. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
will have pI of 6
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
16. Glyceraldehyde
anomeric carbon
pI
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
17. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
amphoteric
D- amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
anomeric carbon
18. (+) and (-) describe what?
phospholipids
only achiral amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
optical activity
19. D and L describe what?
only achiral amino acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
maltase
D- glyceraldehyde
20. Physiological pH
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
7.4
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
21. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
disulfide bond
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
starch
22. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
will have pI of 6
CH3COOH
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
23. Unique feature of glycine
will have pI of 6
Ka
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
only achiral amino acid
24. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
tertiary structure
lactase
packing and energy content
unsaturated fatty acid
25. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
Ka
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
pyranose
parallel beta sheet
26. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
will have pI of 6
tertiary structure
anomeric carbon
27. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
peptide bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
starch
28. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
D- glyceraldehyde
29. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
30. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
anomers
epimers
D- glyceraldehyde
pyranose
31. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
maltase
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
32. Hydrophilic amino acids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Beta pleated sheet
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
33. (R) and (S) describe what?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
stereoisomers
tertiary structure
absolute configuration
34. 3 physiological roles of lipids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
disulfide bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
phospholipids
35. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
pI
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
36. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
absolute configuration
anomers
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glycerol
37. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glycogen
7.4
pI
38. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
starch
tertiary structure
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
anomeric carbon
39. Unique feature of cysteine
D- glyceraldehyde
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
40. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
alpha helix
furanose
epimers
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
41. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
addition of water across of a bond
pI
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
starch
42. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
parallel beta sheet
primary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
43. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
amphoteric
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
lactase
44. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
anomeric carbon
saturated fatty acid
45. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
phospholipids
will have pI of 6
have amino group in their side chains
46. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
pyranose
stereoisomers
disulfide bond
47. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
pyranose
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
48. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
only achiral amino acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
49. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
isomers
secondary structure
50. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
NH2CONH2
Beta pleated sheet
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal