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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
Ka
epimers
2. Physiological pH
anomers
amphoteric
starch
7.4
3. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
packing and energy content
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
phospholipids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
4. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
starch
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
5. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
peptide bond
isoelectric point
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
6. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glycogen
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
lipases
stereoisomers
parallel beta sheet
furanose
8. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
NH2CONH2
aldose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
9. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
stereoisomers
quaternary structure
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
lipases
10. Name for 6 membered ring
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pyranose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
only achiral amino acid
11. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
amphoteric
optical activity
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
12. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
lactase
maltase
13. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
Characteristics of the peptide bond
starch
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
maltase
14. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
mutarotation
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
will have pI of 6
Ka
15. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
D- amino acid
L- amino acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
16. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glycerol
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
17. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
histidine - arginine - lysine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
have amino group in their side chains
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
18. Hydrophilic amino acids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
mutarotation
anomeric carbon
19. Unique feature of proline
amphoteric
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Beta pleated sheet
optical activity
20. Interconversion btw two anomers
parallel beta sheet
ketose
amphipathic
mutarotation
21. Polar amino acids
packing and energy content
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
starch
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
22. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
pI
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
L- configuration
23. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
packing and energy content
L- configuration
D- glyceraldehyde
absolute configuration
24. Glyceraldehyde
cysteine and methionine
7.4
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
25. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
lipases
26. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
7.4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
27. Acetic acid formula?
lipases
glycerol
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
CH3COOH
28. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
peptide bond
29. Name for 5 membered ring
aldose
furanose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
L- amino acid
30. Unique feature of glycine
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
only achiral amino acid
NH2CONH2
31. Histidine
lactase
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
antiparallel beta sheet
32. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
primary structure
furanose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
lactase
33. (+) and (-) describe what?
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
lactase
lipases
optical activity
34. Basic amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
unsaturated fatty acid
35. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
pI
unsaturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
36. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
quaternary structure
37. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
amphipathic
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
disulfide bond
38. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
saturated fatty acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
39. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
lipases
Beta pleated sheet
CH3COOH
quaternary structure
40. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
will have pI of 6
glycogen
cysteine and methionine
aldose
41. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glycerol
NH2CONH2
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
42. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
anomeric carbon
D- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
43. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
CH3COOH
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
disulfide bond
D- glyceraldehyde
44. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
aldose
pI
Ka
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
45. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
lipases
furanose
histidine - arginine - lysine
46. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
antiparallel beta sheet
amphoteric
cysteine and methionine
47. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
glycogen
packing and energy content
alpha helix
7.4
48. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
furanose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
epimers
49. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
L- amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
D- glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
50. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
CH3COOH
pI
will have pI of 6
isoelectric point