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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
optical activity
Beta pleated sheet
quaternary structure
absolute configuration
2. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
anomers
quaternary structure
packing and energy content
3. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
primary structure
amphoteric
pI
4. Unique feature of cysteine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
optical activity
anomers
Characteristics of the peptide bond
5. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
quaternary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glycogen
Characteristics of the peptide bond
6. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
glycogen
secondary structure
primary structure
isoelectric point
7. Name for 6 membered ring
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
lipases
alpha helix
pyranose
8. Characteristics of polar amino acids
glycogen
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
optical activity
9. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
Characteristics of the peptide bond
isomers
CH3COOH
lactase
10. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
L- configuration
aldose
antiparallel beta sheet
11. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
only achiral amino acid
12. Interconversion btw two anomers
only achiral amino acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
mutarotation
13. 3 physiological roles of lipids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
parallel beta sheet
will have pI of 6
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
14. Acidic amino acids
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
D- glyceraldehyde
15. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
mutarotation
antiparallel beta sheet
maltase
aldose
16. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
D- glyceraldehyde
only achiral amino acid
lactase
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
17. Basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
histidine - arginine - lysine
antiparallel beta sheet
tertiary structure
18. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
amphoteric
packing and energy content
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
19. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
lipases
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
stereoisomers
20. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
have amino group in their side chains
triacylglycerol
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
21. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
7.4
stereoisomers
quaternary structure
epimers
22. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
mutarotation
have amino group in their side chains
23. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
only achiral amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
anomeric carbon
D- amino acid
24. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
NH2CONH2
D- glyceraldehyde
25. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
antiparallel beta sheet
have amino group in their side chains
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Ka
26. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
7.4
have amino group in their side chains
antiparallel beta sheet
27. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
quaternary structure
peptide bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
maltase
28. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
Characteristics of the peptide bond
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
starch
29. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
optical activity
30. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
31. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
cysteine and methionine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
alpha helix
32. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
isoelectric point
packing and energy content
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Proteins
33. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
triacylglycerol
cysteine and methionine
mutarotation
secondary structure
34. Hydrolysis
amphoteric
packing and energy content
parallel beta sheet
addition of water across of a bond
35. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
parallel beta sheet
anomeric carbon
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
36. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
starch
anomeric carbon
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
37. Histidine
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
D- glyceraldehyde
primary structure
38. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
anomeric carbon
lipases
39. Glyceraldehyde
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
cysteine and methionine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
40. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
saturated fatty acid
pyranose
ketose
Beta pleated sheet
41. Physiological pH
7.4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
mutarotation
42. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
addition of water across of a bond
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
ketose
43. Unique feature of glycine
only achiral amino acid
D- glyceraldehyde
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
furanose
44. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
optical activity
anomeric carbon
glycerol
pI
45. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
saturated fatty acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
pI
have amino group in their side chains
46. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
phospholipids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
47. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
cysteine and methionine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
NH2CONH2
anomers
48. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
isomers
Characteristics of the peptide bond
packing and energy content
Proteins
49. Fatty acid structure
have amino group in their side chains
stereoisomers
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
starch
50. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
starch
quaternary structure
tertiary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water