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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unique feature of cysteine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
secondary structure
2. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
CH3COOH
will have pI of 6
saturated fatty acid
triacylglycerol
3. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
will have pI of 6
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
4. Polar amino acids
maltase
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
5. 3 physiological roles of lipids
aldose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
tertiary structure
6. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
optical activity
anomeric carbon
primary structure
D- amino acid
7. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
anomers
triacylglycerol
maltase
8. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
pI
starch
absolute configuration
glycerol
9. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
mutarotation
stereoisomers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
10. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
packing and energy content
have amino group in their side chains
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
11. Physiological pH
lipases
7.4
histidine - arginine - lysine
anomeric carbon
12. Fatty acid structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
L- amino acid
tertiary structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
13. Hydrophilic amino acids
glycogen
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
disulfide bond
unsaturated fatty acid
14. Characteristics of polar amino acids
lipases
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
isoelectric point
15. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
Characteristics of the peptide bond
secondary structure
absolute configuration
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
16. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
quaternary structure
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
17. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
lactase
glycogen
aldose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
18. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
pyranose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
quaternary structure
isomers
19. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
cysteine and methionine
NH2CONH2
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
20. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
D- amino acid
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
anomers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
21. Unique feature of proline
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
antiparallel beta sheet
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
22. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
isomers
anomers
NH2CONH2
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
23. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
24. Name for 6 membered ring
phospholipids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
D- glyceraldehyde
pyranose
25. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
absolute configuration
glycogen
L- amino acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
26. (+) and (-) describe what?
absolute configuration
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
optical activity
L- amino acid
27. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Proteins
lipases
D- amino acid
furanose
28. Unique feature of glycine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
only achiral amino acid
optical activity
tertiary structure
29. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
have amino group in their side chains
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
peptide bond
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
30. Formula for urea
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
amphoteric
glycerol
NH2CONH2
31. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
lactase
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
L- amino acid
32. Basic amino acids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
isoelectric point
Ka
histidine - arginine - lysine
33. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
cysteine and methionine
lipases
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
34. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
D- glyceraldehyde
amphipathic
35. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
alpha helix
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
7.4
36. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
histidine - arginine - lysine
maltase
triacylglycerol
glycerol
37. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
histidine - arginine - lysine
Ka
Proteins
aldose
38. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
furanose
D- amino acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
39. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
unsaturated fatty acid
Ka
L- amino acid
Proteins
40. Acidic amino acids
7.4
Beta pleated sheet
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
41. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
amphipathic
peptide bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
42. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
addition of water across of a bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
histidine - arginine - lysine
saturated fatty acid
43. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glycogen
pyranose
peptide bond
44. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
addition of water across of a bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
have amino group in their side chains
45. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
aldose
only achiral amino acid
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
46. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Ka
starch
47. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
Ka
triacylglycerol
peptide bond
aldose
48. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
anomers
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
49. Hydrolysis
maltase
pI
pyranose
addition of water across of a bond
50. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
Beta pleated sheet
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails