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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
aldose
primary structure
lipases
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
2. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
3. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
amphipathic
lactase
ketose
secondary structure
4. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
lactase
mutarotation
aldose
isoelectric point
5. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
primary structure
D- amino acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
6. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
quaternary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
7. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
aldose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
8. Formula for urea
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
NH2CONH2
phospholipids
maltase
9. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
anomeric carbon
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
lactase
10. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
anomers
ketose
amphoteric
packing and energy content
11. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
CH3COOH
amphipathic
furanose
triacylglycerol
12. Acidic amino acids
D- amino acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
primary structure
13. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
amphoteric
primary structure
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
14. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
will have pI of 6
quaternary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
15. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
anomeric carbon
tertiary structure
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
16. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
L- configuration
will have pI of 6
ketose
17. Name for 5 membered ring
NH2CONH2
furanose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Ka
18. Name for 6 membered ring
ketose
pyranose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
anomers
19. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Beta pleated sheet
triacylglycerol
starch
20. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
isoelectric point
glycogen
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
D- glyceraldehyde
21. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
NH2CONH2
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
epimers
pyranose
22. Sulfur containing amino acids
amphipathic
cysteine and methionine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
23. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
anomers
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
7.4
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
24. Physiological pH
cysteine and methionine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
7.4
25. Acetic acid formula?
CH3COOH
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
aldose
26. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
absolute configuration
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
stereoisomers
aldose
27. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
pI
quaternary structure
maltase
28. (+) and (-) describe what?
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
optical activity
saturated fatty acid
29. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
L- configuration
anomers
30. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
antiparallel beta sheet
will have pI of 6
31. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
alpha helix
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
primary structure
32. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
stereoisomers
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
starch
33. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
only achiral amino acid
lipases
optical activity
34. Characteristic of basic amino acids
maltase
D- glyceraldehyde
have amino group in their side chains
antiparallel beta sheet
35. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
isoelectric point
glycogen
will have pI of 6
36. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
peptide bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
alpha helix
37. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Beta pleated sheet
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
primary structure
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
38. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
Beta pleated sheet
pI
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
39. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
alpha helix
antiparallel beta sheet
40. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
quaternary structure
anomeric carbon
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
lipases
41. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
parallel beta sheet
maltase
lactase
L- amino acid
42. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
CH3COOH
lipases
aldose
43. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
L- configuration
unsaturated fatty acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
44. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
anomeric carbon
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
ketose
glycerol
45. Hydrophilic amino acids
starch
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
pyranose
46. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
packing and energy content
Beta pleated sheet
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
47. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
amphoteric
48. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
D- glyceraldehyde
unsaturated fatty acid
addition of water across of a bond
amphipathic
49. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
only achiral amino acid
optical activity
packing and energy content
50. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
disulfide bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
will have pI of 6