SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
ketose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
Proteins
2. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
primary structure
3. Characteristics of polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
anomers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
4. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
antiparallel beta sheet
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
secondary structure
5. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
absolute configuration
only achiral amino acid
Beta pleated sheet
6. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
Ka
L- configuration
lipases
7. Name for 6 membered ring
anomers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
isoelectric point
pyranose
8. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
9. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
maltase
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
10. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
Beta pleated sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
lactase
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
11. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomers
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
anomeric carbon
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
12. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
mutarotation
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
Beta pleated sheet
13. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
NH2CONH2
L- configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
stereoisomers
14. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
starch
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
CH3COOH
glycogen
15. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
antiparallel beta sheet
secondary structure
epimers
will have pI of 6
16. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glycerol
D- glyceraldehyde
furanose
17. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
absolute configuration
unsaturated fatty acid
only achiral amino acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
18. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
Proteins
alpha helix
ketose
19. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
pyranose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
isoelectric point
20. Physiological pH
L- amino acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
7.4
CH3COOH
21. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
secondary structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
L- amino acid
22. Fatty acid structure
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
amphoteric
quaternary structure
23. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
L- configuration
Characteristics of the peptide bond
aldose
alpha helix
24. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
only achiral amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
25. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
alpha helix
anomers
glycerol
26. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
NH2CONH2
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
27. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
optical activity
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
28. Interconversion btw two anomers
anomeric carbon
secondary structure
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
mutarotation
29. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
will have pI of 6
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
peptide bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
30. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
anomeric carbon
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
will have pI of 6
31. Sulfur containing amino acids
L- amino acid
aldose
cysteine and methionine
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
32. Basic amino acids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycerol
33. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
amphoteric
antiparallel beta sheet
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
D- amino acid
34. (+) and (-) describe what?
packing and energy content
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
stereoisomers
optical activity
35. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
furanose
triacylglycerol
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
quaternary structure
36. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
have amino group in their side chains
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
cysteine and methionine
37. D and L describe what?
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glycogen
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
primary structure
38. Name for 5 membered ring
aldose
furanose
ketose
L- amino acid
39. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
furanose
will have pI of 6
parallel beta sheet
L- configuration
40. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
peptide bond
epimers
41. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
will have pI of 6
42. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
packing and energy content
histidine - arginine - lysine
disulfide bond
aldose
43. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
isoelectric point
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
disulfide bond
44. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
disulfide bond
optical activity
secondary structure
45. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
peptide bond
Ka
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
46. Unique feature of cysteine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glycogen
Proteins
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
47. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
saturated fatty acid
triacylglycerol
disulfide bond
48. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
tertiary structure
starch
49. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
lactase
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
50. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
lactase
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones