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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
primary structure
L- amino acid
parallel beta sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
2. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
anomeric carbon
L- amino acid
3. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
furanose
amphipathic
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
4. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
secondary structure
pyranose
5. Physiological pH
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
quaternary structure
7.4
6. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
alpha helix
amphoteric
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
7. Characteristic of basic amino acids
D- amino acid
have amino group in their side chains
mutarotation
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
8. Glyceraldehyde
maltase
will have pI of 6
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
9. 3 physiological roles of lipids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
unsaturated fatty acid
NH2CONH2
10. Unique feature of cysteine
anomers
anomeric carbon
starch
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
11. Fatty acid structure
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Proteins
12. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
anomers
aldose
triacylglycerol
13. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
isomers
amphoteric
L- amino acid
14. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
packing and energy content
tertiary structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
isoelectric point
15. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
D- amino acid
stereoisomers
16. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
phospholipids
peptide bond
antiparallel beta sheet
17. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
antiparallel beta sheet
aldose
lipases
maltase
18. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
absolute configuration
maltase
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
19. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
ketose
D- amino acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
20. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Beta pleated sheet
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
21. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
starch
phospholipids
lipases
22. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
CH3COOH
Beta pleated sheet
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
23. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
glycogen
have amino group in their side chains
phospholipids
anomers
24. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
packing and energy content
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
tertiary structure
25. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
unsaturated fatty acid
pI
CH3COOH
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
26. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
peptide bond
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
addition of water across of a bond
27. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
Characteristics of the peptide bond
pI
lipases
28. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
peptide bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
isomers
29. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
saturated fatty acid
D- amino acid
30. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
addition of water across of a bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
31. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
Proteins
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glycerol
32. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
CH3COOH
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
parallel beta sheet
33. (+) and (-) describe what?
mutarotation
triacylglycerol
optical activity
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
34. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
saturated fatty acid
amphipathic
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
isoelectric point
35. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
NH2CONH2
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
36. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Beta pleated sheet
glycerol
37. Hydrolysis
addition of water across of a bond
pyranose
stereoisomers
only achiral amino acid
38. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
Ka
starch
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
lactase
39. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
maltase
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
amphipathic
40. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
ketose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
aldose
41. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
D- glyceraldehyde
lipases
packing and energy content
epimers
42. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
anomeric carbon
phospholipids
L- configuration
43. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
amphoteric
maltase
L- amino acid
44. Acetic acid formula?
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
CH3COOH
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
45. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
L- amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
optical activity
46. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
47. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
L- configuration
unsaturated fatty acid
CH3COOH
lactase
48. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
anomeric carbon
Beta pleated sheet
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
49. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
amphipathic
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
D- glyceraldehyde
anomeric carbon
50. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
isoelectric point
have amino group in their side chains
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
tertiary structure