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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
have amino group in their side chains
histidine - arginine - lysine
starch
2. (R) and (S) describe what?
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
amphoteric
3. Unique feature of glycine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only achiral amino acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
phospholipids
4. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
L- amino acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
phospholipids
5. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
ketose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
anomers
6. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glycogen
packing and energy content
optical activity
7. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
tertiary structure
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
NH2CONH2
8. Physiological pH
isomers
cysteine and methionine
7.4
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
9. Hydrolysis
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
addition of water across of a bond
ketose
lipases
10. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
Proteins
lipases
D- amino acid
pI
11. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
antiparallel beta sheet
glycogen
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
12. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
quaternary structure
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
L- amino acid
NH2CONH2
13. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
epimers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
primary structure
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
14. Formula for urea
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
NH2CONH2
optical activity
15. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
quaternary structure
16. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
maltase
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
mutarotation
17. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
triacylglycerol
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
18. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
Characteristics of the peptide bond
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
anomers
19. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
primary structure
alpha helix
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
20. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
7.4
triacylglycerol
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
secondary structure
21. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
triacylglycerol
anomers
alpha helix
22. 3 physiological roles of lipids
packing and energy content
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
23. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
amphoteric
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
7.4
have amino group in their side chains
24. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
tertiary structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
NH2CONH2
parallel beta sheet
25. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
optical activity
26. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
Proteins
unsaturated fatty acid
triacylglycerol
histidine - arginine - lysine
27. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have amino group in their side chains
L- configuration
saturated fatty acid
28. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
maltase
have amino group in their side chains
will have pI of 6
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
29. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
primary structure
NH2CONH2
30. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Beta pleated sheet
D- glyceraldehyde
L- amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
31. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
saturated fatty acid
will have pI of 6
amphipathic
32. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
addition of water across of a bond
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
isoelectric point
33. Histidine
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
pyranose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
34. Name for 6 membered ring
Ka
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
pyranose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
35. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
7.4
starch
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
pyranose
36. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
Ka
ketose
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
37. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
unsaturated fatty acid
quaternary structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
38. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
isomers
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
parallel beta sheet
39. Characteristic of basic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
parallel beta sheet
have amino group in their side chains
40. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
lipases
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
41. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
stereoisomers
42. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
antiparallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
optical activity
43. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
44. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
glycogen
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
disulfide bond
45. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only achiral amino acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
46. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
isoelectric point
quaternary structure
alpha helix
furanose
47. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
48. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
triacylglycerol
D- amino acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
L- configuration
49. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
maltase
optical activity
glycerol
50. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
aldose
antiparallel beta sheet