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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
secondary structure
parallel beta sheet
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
Beta pleated sheet
CH3COOH
packing and energy content
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
3. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
addition of water across of a bond
parallel beta sheet
CH3COOH
4. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
absolute configuration
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
lactase
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
5. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
triacylglycerol
amphoteric
aldose
6. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
disulfide bond
mutarotation
glycerol
epimers
7. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
tertiary structure
histidine - arginine - lysine
will have pI of 6
antiparallel beta sheet
8. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
7.4
D- amino acid
isomers
anomeric carbon
9. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
epimers
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
10. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
Ka
primary structure
Beta pleated sheet
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
11. Unique feature of glycine
glycerol
mutarotation
NH2CONH2
only achiral amino acid
12. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
maltase
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
unsaturated fatty acid
13. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
ketose
14. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
maltase
triacylglycerol
epimers
15. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
lipases
glycerol
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
16. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
amphipathic
peptide bond
isoelectric point
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
17. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
D- glyceraldehyde
primary structure
pyranose
anomeric carbon
18. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
amphoteric
Ka
optical activity
peptide bond
19. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
aldose
epimers
20. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
addition of water across of a bond
lipases
pI
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
21. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
NH2CONH2
aldose
Proteins
22. Unique feature of cysteine
starch
Characteristics of the peptide bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
antiparallel beta sheet
23. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
disulfide bond
secondary structure
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
will have pI of 6
24. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
Beta pleated sheet
starch
lactase
25. Sulfur containing amino acids
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
cysteine and methionine
stereoisomers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
26. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
secondary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
epimers
27. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
CH3COOH
anomeric carbon
Characteristics of the peptide bond
28. Physiological pH
secondary structure
7.4
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
29. (R) and (S) describe what?
parallel beta sheet
absolute configuration
L- amino acid
optical activity
30. D and L describe what?
amphipathic
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
Characteristics of the peptide bond
primary structure
31. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
peptide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
aldose
secondary structure
32. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
anomers
Ka
maltase
amphipathic
33. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Proteins
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
34. Unique feature of proline
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
7.4
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
35. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
saturated fatty acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
alpha helix
36. Name for 6 membered ring
tertiary structure
pyranose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glycerol
37. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
secondary structure
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
38. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
histidine - arginine - lysine
saturated fatty acid
Proteins
39. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
maltase
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
phospholipids
40. 3 physiological roles of lipids
D- glyceraldehyde
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
unsaturated fatty acid
41. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
L- amino acid
pyranose
isoelectric point
triacylglycerol
42. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- configuration
L- amino acid
Beta pleated sheet
optical activity
43. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
Ka
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
aldose
44. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
have amino group in their side chains
peptide bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
amphipathic
45. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
Ka
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
46. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
absolute configuration
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
pI
stereoisomers
47. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
maltase
isoelectric point
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
amphoteric
48. Hydrolysis
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
addition of water across of a bond
epimers
triacylglycerol
49. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
anomers
mutarotation
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
50. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
amphipathic
mutarotation
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds