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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
lipases
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
antiparallel beta sheet
phospholipids
lactase
maltase
3. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
primary structure
isomers
anomeric carbon
4. Acetic acid formula?
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
lactase
CH3COOH
L- amino acid
5. Histidine
glycogen
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
L- configuration
6. Unique feature of cysteine
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
starch
CH3COOH
7. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
mutarotation
quaternary structure
8. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
amphipathic
glycerol
9. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
L- amino acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
10. (R) and (S) describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
anomeric carbon
absolute configuration
alpha helix
11. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
unsaturated fatty acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
disulfide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
12. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
starch
13. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
aldose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
maltase
14. Unique feature of proline
lipases
pI
optical activity
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
15. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
quaternary structure
NH2CONH2
maltase
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
16. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
triacylglycerol
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
17. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
D- glyceraldehyde
D- amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
packing and energy content
18. Polar amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
ketose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
triacylglycerol
19. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
stereoisomers
L- amino acid
starch
absolute configuration
20. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
21. Hydrophilic amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
histidine - arginine - lysine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
22. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
quaternary structure
peptide bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
23. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
antiparallel beta sheet
phospholipids
epimers
24. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
unsaturated fatty acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
D- amino acid
25. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
isomers
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
26. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
anomeric carbon
Proteins
27. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
antiparallel beta sheet
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
28. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
maltase
ketose
glycogen
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
29. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
amphoteric
tertiary structure
30. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
phospholipids
cysteine and methionine
peptide bond
Beta pleated sheet
31. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
triacylglycerol
aldose
addition of water across of a bond
32. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
isomers
packing and energy content
33. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
aldose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
will have pI of 6
amphipathic
34. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
tertiary structure
primary structure
furanose
glycogen
35. Fatty acid structure
L- configuration
CH3COOH
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
36. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
glycerol
packing and energy content
stereoisomers
isoelectric point
37. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
alpha helix
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
amphoteric
38. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
lactase
pI
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glycogen
39. Physiological pH
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
mutarotation
7.4
unsaturated fatty acid
40. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
parallel beta sheet
triacylglycerol
absolute configuration
41. D and L describe what?
epimers
amphipathic
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
anomeric carbon
42. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
43. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
Beta pleated sheet
Proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
quaternary structure
44. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
ketose
will have pI of 6
packing and energy content
epimers
45. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
saturated fatty acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
packing and energy content
glycogen
46. Acidic amino acids
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
have amino group in their side chains
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
47. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
pI
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
48. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
tertiary structure
saturated fatty acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
49. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
ketose
antiparallel beta sheet
saturated fatty acid
50. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
Beta pleated sheet
L- amino acid
saturated fatty acid
optical activity