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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glyceraldehyde
phospholipids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
pyranose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
2. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
have amino group in their side chains
alpha helix
phospholipids
absolute configuration
3. Acidic amino acids
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
CH3COOH
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
4. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
isoelectric point
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
5. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
Beta pleated sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
Proteins
6. Name for 5 membered ring
ketose
furanose
starch
will have pI of 6
7. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
CH3COOH
anomers
ketose
8. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
stereoisomers
lipases
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
9. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
will have pI of 6
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
secondary structure
10. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
amphoteric
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
will have pI of 6
histidine - arginine - lysine
11. Fatty acid structure
primary structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
anomers
Proteins
12. (+) and (-) describe what?
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
pyranose
optical activity
13. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
optical activity
packing and energy content
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
14. 3 physiological roles of lipids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
unsaturated fatty acid
epimers
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
15. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
quaternary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
16. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
D- glyceraldehyde
Ka
quaternary structure
isoelectric point
17. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
18. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
7.4
19. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
aldose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
20. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
have amino group in their side chains
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
L- configuration
packing and energy content
21. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
lactase
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
stereoisomers
glycerol
22. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
furanose
have amino group in their side chains
pI
saturated fatty acid
23. Polar amino acids
cysteine and methionine
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
epimers
24. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
ketose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
pyranose
25. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
histidine - arginine - lysine
tertiary structure
disulfide bond
maltase
26. Sulfur containing amino acids
cysteine and methionine
CH3COOH
glycogen
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
27. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
amphipathic
lipases
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
28. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
CH3COOH
starch
amphipathic
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
29. Unique feature of cysteine
pI
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
disulfide bond
30. Physiological pH
glycerol
7.4
addition of water across of a bond
L- configuration
31. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
anomeric carbon
epimers
Beta pleated sheet
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
32. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
glycerol
Proteins
epimers
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
33. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
stereoisomers
starch
maltase
34. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
packing and energy content
Beta pleated sheet
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
35. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
D- amino acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
parallel beta sheet
mutarotation
36. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
will have pI of 6
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
L- amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
37. Histidine
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
starch
38. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
tertiary structure
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
parallel beta sheet
39. Hydrolysis
amphipathic
packing and energy content
mutarotation
addition of water across of a bond
40. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
cysteine and methionine
anomeric carbon
L- configuration
41. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
7.4
isomers
furanose
primary structure
42. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
only achiral amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
maltase
43. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
starch
maltase
epimers
L- configuration
44. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
D- glyceraldehyde
NH2CONH2
ketose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
45. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
46. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
quaternary structure
lactase
epimers
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
47. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
addition of water across of a bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
48. D and L describe what?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
49. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
disulfide bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
unsaturated fatty acid
mutarotation
50. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
isomers
absolute configuration
anomers
have amino group in their side chains