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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Beta pleated sheet
furanose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
lipases
2. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
tertiary structure
saturated fatty acid
ketose
epimers
3. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
Ka
starch
primary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
4. Unique feature of cysteine
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
antiparallel beta sheet
alpha helix
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
5. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
epimers
saturated fatty acid
will have pI of 6
6. Name for 6 membered ring
pyranose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
saturated fatty acid
anomers
7. Unique feature of proline
L- amino acid
lipases
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
parallel beta sheet
8. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
cysteine and methionine
secondary structure
furanose
9. Fatty acid structure
isoelectric point
maltase
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
10. (R) and (S) describe what?
only achiral amino acid
glycogen
absolute configuration
amphipathic
11. 3 physiological roles of lipids
disulfide bond
saturated fatty acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
12. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
parallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
Proteins
13. Characteristic of basic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
have amino group in their side chains
saturated fatty acid
L- amino acid
14. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
anomers
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
isoelectric point
15. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
D- amino acid
glycerol
will have pI of 6
addition of water across of a bond
16. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
secondary structure
tertiary structure
17. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
epimers
18. Unique feature of glycine
isomers
only achiral amino acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
19. Physiological pH
isomers
secondary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
7.4
20. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
anomeric carbon
stereoisomers
NH2CONH2
lactase
21. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
isoelectric point
CH3COOH
tertiary structure
peptide bond
22. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glycerol
triacylglycerol
23. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
primary structure
absolute configuration
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
epimers
24. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
Proteins
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
25. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Ka
disulfide bond
NH2CONH2
26. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
stereoisomers
D- amino acid
27. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
parallel beta sheet
maltase
stereoisomers
Ka
28. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
lipases
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
disulfide bond
have amino group in their side chains
29. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
isoelectric point
Beta pleated sheet
glycerol
glycogen
30. Glyceraldehyde
maltase
lactase
pI
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
31. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
will have pI of 6
primary structure
amphoteric
32. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
D- glyceraldehyde
secondary structure
33. Sulfur containing amino acids
disulfide bond
pyranose
cysteine and methionine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
34. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
anomeric carbon
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
maltase
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
35. Histidine
saturated fatty acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
stereoisomers
anomeric carbon
36. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
L- configuration
starch
D- glyceraldehyde
unsaturated fatty acid
37. Hydrolysis
amphoteric
only achiral amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
38. D and L describe what?
will have pI of 6
starch
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
D- amino acid
39. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
anomeric carbon
amphipathic
pI
40. Interconversion btw two anomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
mutarotation
lactase
antiparallel beta sheet
41. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
isoelectric point
amphipathic
triacylglycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
42. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
NH2CONH2
quaternary structure
glycogen
43. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
44. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
isoelectric point
alpha helix
45. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
will have pI of 6
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
primary structure
46. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
peptide bond
alpha helix
parallel beta sheet
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
47. Polar amino acids
NH2CONH2
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
antiparallel beta sheet
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
48. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
pI
parallel beta sheet
anomers
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
49. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
pI
epimers
Proteins
50. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
Proteins
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
lipases