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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
packing and energy content
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
addition of water across of a bond
2. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
antiparallel beta sheet
amphipathic
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
tertiary structure
3. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
alpha helix
Beta pleated sheet
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
L- configuration
4. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
5. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
triacylglycerol
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
6. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
glycogen
7. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
7.4
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
epimers
cysteine and methionine
8. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
amphipathic
epimers
lipases
triacylglycerol
9. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
alpha helix
addition of water across of a bond
10. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
pI
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycerol
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
11. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
parallel beta sheet
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
12. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
starch
Ka
7.4
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
13. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
glycogen
pyranose
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
14. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
D- amino acid
L- configuration
pyranose
amphoteric
15. Unique feature of cysteine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
maltase
16. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
saturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
7.4
maltase
17. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
CH3COOH
cysteine and methionine
amphipathic
anomers
18. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
L- amino acid
primary structure
anomeric carbon
maltase
19. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
ketose
secondary structure
20. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
alpha helix
optical activity
21. Histidine
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
parallel beta sheet
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
22. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
secondary structure
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
23. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
lipases
will have pI of 6
L- amino acid
24. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
tertiary structure
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
lactase
Characteristics of the peptide bond
25. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
epimers
aldose
absolute configuration
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
26. Formula for urea
NH2CONH2
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Ka
27. (+) and (-) describe what?
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
amphipathic
optical activity
D- glyceraldehyde
28. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
optical activity
have amino group in their side chains
L- configuration
29. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
stereoisomers
packing and energy content
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
30. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
pyranose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
lipases
unsaturated fatty acid
31. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
L- configuration
alpha helix
packing and energy content
32. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
disulfide bond
amphoteric
unsaturated fatty acid
33. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
mutarotation
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
34. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
phospholipids
have amino group in their side chains
anomeric carbon
35. Unique feature of glycine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
only achiral amino acid
glycogen
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
36. Acidic amino acids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
37. Physiological pH
NH2CONH2
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
7.4
only achiral amino acid
38. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
maltase
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
39. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
absolute configuration
D- amino acid
phospholipids
maltase
40. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
cysteine and methionine
mutarotation
amphipathic
41. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
NH2CONH2
42. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
stereoisomers
absolute configuration
addition of water across of a bond
parallel beta sheet
43. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
histidine - arginine - lysine
tertiary structure
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
44. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
only achiral amino acid
peptide bond
D- amino acid
starch
45. Sulfur containing amino acids
mutarotation
maltase
cysteine and methionine
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
46. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
histidine - arginine - lysine
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glycogen
47. Acetic acid formula?
primary structure
CH3COOH
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
stereoisomers
48. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
mutarotation
anomeric carbon
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
49. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
amphoteric
isoelectric point
antiparallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
50. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
will have pI of 6
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
pI
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water