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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glyceraldehyde
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
alpha helix
phospholipids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
2. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
pyranose
absolute configuration
anomers
3. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Beta pleated sheet
maltase
Characteristics of the peptide bond
epimers
4. Acetic acid formula?
have amino group in their side chains
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
CH3COOH
amphoteric
5. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
stereoisomers
peptide bond
6. Physiological pH
have amino group in their side chains
7.4
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
7. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
peptide bond
will have pI of 6
primary structure
8. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
furanose
maltase
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
9. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
secondary structure
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
primary structure
10. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Beta pleated sheet
mutarotation
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
11. 3 physiological roles of lipids
lactase
peptide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
12. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
D- amino acid
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Beta pleated sheet
packing and energy content
13. Interconversion btw two anomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
tertiary structure
mutarotation
14. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
alpha helix
pI
have amino group in their side chains
lipases
15. Unique feature of glycine
ketose
D- glyceraldehyde
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only achiral amino acid
16. Unique feature of proline
mutarotation
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
pI
tertiary structure
17. D and L describe what?
Ka
packing and energy content
histidine - arginine - lysine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
18. Name for 6 membered ring
will have pI of 6
pyranose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
19. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
isomers
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
20. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
starch
have amino group in their side chains
tertiary structure
21. Hydrolysis
only achiral amino acid
addition of water across of a bond
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
peptide bond
22. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
aldose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
optical activity
23. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
ketose
tertiary structure
packing and energy content
CH3COOH
24. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
optical activity
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
25. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
epimers
cysteine and methionine
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
26. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Ka
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
27. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
will have pI of 6
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
peptide bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
28. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
starch
L- amino acid
anomers
29. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
peptide bond
only achiral amino acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
unsaturated fatty acid
30. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
lactase
glycerol
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
31. Fatty acid structure
glycogen
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
parallel beta sheet
32. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
mutarotation
maltase
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
33. (R) and (S) describe what?
amphoteric
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
histidine - arginine - lysine
absolute configuration
34. Polar amino acids
addition of water across of a bond
epimers
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
peptide bond
35. Hydrophilic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
anomers
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
36. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
ketose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
37. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
amphipathic
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
38. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
L- amino acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
lactase
39. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
isoelectric point
pI
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
40. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
histidine - arginine - lysine
will have pI of 6
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
41. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
triacylglycerol
Ka
42. Basic amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
antiparallel beta sheet
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
43. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
packing and energy content
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
44. Unique feature of cysteine
quaternary structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
lipases
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
45. Characteristics of polar amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
optical activity
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
46. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
primary structure
Proteins
lactase
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
47. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
maltase
alpha helix
furanose
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
48. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
histidine - arginine - lysine
epimers
secondary structure
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
49. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
D- glyceraldehyde
absolute configuration
50. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
disulfide bond
triacylglycerol
isoelectric point
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water