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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
starch
only achiral amino acid
pI
2. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
epimers
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
ketose
isomers
3. Unique feature of cysteine
cysteine and methionine
isoelectric point
NH2CONH2
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
4. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
amphoteric
aldose
5. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
Proteins
cysteine and methionine
D- amino acid
furanose
6. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
will have pI of 6
7. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
antiparallel beta sheet
addition of water across of a bond
Beta pleated sheet
8. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
secondary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
will have pI of 6
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
9. Sulfur containing amino acids
quaternary structure
cysteine and methionine
aldose
phospholipids
10. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
isoelectric point
triacylglycerol
11. Acetic acid formula?
glycogen
ketose
lactase
CH3COOH
12. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
antiparallel beta sheet
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
primary structure
13. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
quaternary structure
14. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
unsaturated fatty acid
parallel beta sheet
absolute configuration
lactase
15. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
peptide bond
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
quaternary structure
optical activity
16. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
L- configuration
aldose
phospholipids
17. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
amphipathic
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
anomers
saturated fatty acid
18. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
starch
pI
glycogen
absolute configuration
19. Name for 5 membered ring
unsaturated fatty acid
furanose
antiparallel beta sheet
glycerol
20. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
maltase
lipases
L- amino acid
21. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
anomeric carbon
CH3COOH
quaternary structure
L- configuration
22. Polar amino acids
Beta pleated sheet
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
ketose
quaternary structure
23. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
Proteins
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
24. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
maltase
have amino group in their side chains
Ka
disulfide bond
25. Unique feature of glycine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
stereoisomers
only achiral amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
26. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
isoelectric point
aldose
maltase
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
27. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
tertiary structure
primary structure
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
28. Fatty acid structure
L- amino acid
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
aldose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
29. Physiological pH
only achiral amino acid
7.4
ketose
aldose
30. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
7.4
CH3COOH
isomers
will have pI of 6
31. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
ketose
lipases
have amino group in their side chains
32. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
starch
disulfide bond
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Beta pleated sheet
33. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
D- glyceraldehyde
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
34. Acidic amino acids
anomeric carbon
NH2CONH2
saturated fatty acid
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
35. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
lipases
pI
starch
amphoteric
36. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
alpha helix
isoelectric point
37. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
secondary structure
D- glyceraldehyde
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
38. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
secondary structure
mutarotation
Ka
39. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
glycerol
primary structure
anomers
L- amino acid
40. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
peptide bond
will have pI of 6
packing and energy content
primary structure
41. (R) and (S) describe what?
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
absolute configuration
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
42. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
glycerol
primary structure
lipases
anomeric carbon
43. Basic amino acids
D- glyceraldehyde
histidine - arginine - lysine
ketose
tertiary structure
44. Hydrolysis
isomers
addition of water across of a bond
epimers
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
45. Histidine
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
isomers
pI
histidine - arginine - lysine
46. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
D- amino acid
47. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
have amino group in their side chains
pI
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
48. Formula for urea
cysteine and methionine
NH2CONH2
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
49. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
phospholipids
7.4
50. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
CH3COOH
Characteristics of the peptide bond
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
quaternary structure