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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
tertiary structure
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
ketose
glycerol
2. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
L- amino acid
antiparallel beta sheet
unsaturated fatty acid
maltase
3. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
pI
unsaturated fatty acid
furanose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
4. Hydrolysis
mutarotation
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
addition of water across of a bond
epimers
5. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
secondary structure
addition of water across of a bond
tertiary structure
amphipathic
6. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
NH2CONH2
L- configuration
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
Proteins
7. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
pI
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
NH2CONH2
epimers
8. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
absolute configuration
phospholipids
tertiary structure
9. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
parallel beta sheet
secondary structure
have amino group in their side chains
D- amino acid
10. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
anomers
CH3COOH
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
11. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
D- amino acid
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
packing and energy content
12. Hydrophilic amino acids
disulfide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
quaternary structure
CH3COOH
13. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
lactase
L- configuration
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
starch
14. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
phospholipids
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
15. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
Characteristics of the peptide bond
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
16. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
lactase
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
lipases
17. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
lipases
addition of water across of a bond
triacylglycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
18. Acetic acid formula?
amphipathic
pyranose
CH3COOH
have amino group in their side chains
19. Basic amino acids
histidine - arginine - lysine
Ka
aldose
D- glyceraldehyde
20. Fatty acid structure
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
lipases
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
7.4
21. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
pyranose
tertiary structure
anomers
starch
22. Name for 6 membered ring
lactase
CH3COOH
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
pyranose
23. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
ketose
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
packing and energy content
cysteine and methionine
24. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
D- amino acid
glycogen
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
25. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
epimers
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
glycerol
have amino group in their side chains
26. Polar amino acids
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
aldose
anomeric carbon
Beta pleated sheet
27. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
Proteins
cysteine and methionine
primary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
28. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
saturated fatty acid
anomeric carbon
primary structure
29. Characteristics of polar amino acids
absolute configuration
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
disulfide bond
30. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
pI
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
glycogen
31. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
pI
saturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
32. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
alpha helix
amphoteric
Characteristics of the peptide bond
peptide bond
33. Physiological pH
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
7.4
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
amphoteric
34. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
absolute configuration
starch
pyranose
35. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
36. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
pyranose
L- amino acid
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
37. Characteristic of basic amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have amino group in their side chains
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
38. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
NH2CONH2
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
furanose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
39. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
optical activity
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
have amino group in their side chains
anomeric carbon
40. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
amphoteric
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
41. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glycerol
packing and energy content
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
42. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
lipases
lactase
aldose
43. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
secondary structure
addition of water across of a bond
44. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
45. Glyceraldehyde
phospholipids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
46. Name for 5 membered ring
L- configuration
furanose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
Ka
47. Unique feature of cysteine
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
absolute configuration
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
48. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
phospholipids
lactase
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
amphipathic
49. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
will have pI of 6
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
aldose
50. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
will have pI of 6
Ka
peptide bond
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis