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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
optical activity
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
quaternary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
2. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
unsaturated fatty acid
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
aldose
secondary structure
3. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
isoelectric point
epimers
histidine - arginine - lysine
glycogen
4. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
7.4
epimers
Proteins
L- configuration
5. 3 physiological roles of lipids
only achiral amino acid
triacylglycerol
pI
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
6. D and L describe what?
only achiral amino acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
isoelectric point
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
7. Physiological pH
7.4
only achiral amino acid
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
L- configuration
8. Sulfur containing amino acids
anomeric carbon
mutarotation
cysteine and methionine
quaternary structure
9. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
stereoisomers
CH3COOH
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
isomers
10. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
L- configuration
11. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
phospholipids
parallel beta sheet
disulfide bond
12. Characteristics of polar amino acids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
CH3COOH
triacylglycerol
lactase
13. Hydrophilic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
secondary structure
14. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
will have pI of 6
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
amphoteric
15. Acetic acid formula?
NH2CONH2
CH3COOH
7.4
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
16. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
CH3COOH
triacylglycerol
17. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
secondary structure
disulfide bond
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
mutarotation
18. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
stereoisomers
disulfide bond
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
19. Hydrolysis
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
addition of water across of a bond
20. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
peptide bond
starch
21. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
amphoteric
unsaturated fatty acid
antiparallel beta sheet
D- glyceraldehyde
22. Unique feature of glycine
Beta pleated sheet
saturated fatty acid
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
only achiral amino acid
23. Formula for urea
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
disulfide bond
NH2CONH2
maltase
24. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
will have pI of 6
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
amphipathic
packing and energy content
25. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
maltase
isomers
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
peptide bond
26. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
unsaturated fatty acid
D- glyceraldehyde
parallel beta sheet
D- amino acid
27. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
L- configuration
parallel beta sheet
isomers
28. Characteristic of basic amino acids
have amino group in their side chains
stereoisomers
Proteins
amphoteric
29. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
parallel beta sheet
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
mutarotation
30. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomers
anomeric carbon
CH3COOH
glycerol
31. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only achiral amino acid
CH3COOH
secondary structure
32. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
peptide bond
aldose
33. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
stereoisomers
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
addition of water across of a bond
34. Unique feature of proline
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
anomeric carbon
epimers
35. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
antiparallel beta sheet
anomers
36. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
7.4
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
alpha helix
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
37. Glyceraldehyde
primary structure
optical activity
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
histidine - arginine - lysine
38. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
glycogen
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
39. Name for 5 membered ring
phospholipids
addition of water across of a bond
maltase
furanose
40. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
antiparallel beta sheet
saturated fatty acid
maltase
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
41. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
secondary structure
glycogen
optical activity
42. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
absolute configuration
maltase
amphoteric
43. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
7.4
unsaturated fatty acid
44. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
pyranose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
45. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
only achiral amino acid
quaternary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
lipases
46. Histidine
glycerol
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
lactase
47. Polar amino acids
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
amphoteric
Beta pleated sheet
48. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
L- amino acid
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
addition of water across of a bond
glycerol
49. Acidic amino acids
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
D- amino acid
50. (R) and (S) describe what?
absolute configuration
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
epimers