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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
saturated fatty acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
2. Characteristics of polar amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
Ka
3. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
glycogen
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
amphoteric
4. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
5. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
disulfide bond
6. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
optical activity
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
L- amino acid
peptide bond
7. Name for 6 membered ring
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
pyranose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
unsaturated fatty acid
8. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
Proteins
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
9. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
histidine - arginine - lysine
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
tertiary structure
10. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
cysteine and methionine
will have pI of 6
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
11. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
tertiary structure
Beta pleated sheet
isomers
primary structure
12. Acidic amino acids
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
amphipathic
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
13. (+) and (-) describe what?
anomeric carbon
Beta pleated sheet
histidine - arginine - lysine
optical activity
14. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
stereoisomers
alpha helix
tertiary structure
lactase
15. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
amphipathic
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
stereoisomers
16. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
ketose
have amino group in their side chains
parallel beta sheet
17. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
absolute configuration
amphoteric
parallel beta sheet
starch
18. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
tertiary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
parallel beta sheet
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
19. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
starch
20. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
phospholipids
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
epimers
21. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
only achiral amino acid
anomeric carbon
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
saturated fatty acid
22. Enzymes that hydrolyze fats
parallel beta sheet
Proteins
lipases
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
23. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
pI
anomers
isoelectric point
ketose
24. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
addition of water across of a bond
L- configuration
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
quaternary structure
25. Histidine
unsaturated fatty acid
D- amino acid
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
26. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
amphipathic
peptide bond
D- amino acid
27. Unique feature of proline
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
isoelectric point
28. Physiological pH
primary structure
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
7.4
29. 3 physiological roles of lipids
lipases
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
anomeric carbon
30. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
pI
secondary structure
phospholipids
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
31. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
packing and energy content
saturated fatty acid
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
32. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
glycogen
amphoteric
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
33. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
lactase
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
34. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
D- glyceraldehyde
glycerol
parallel beta sheet
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
35. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
aldose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
36. Glyceraldehyde
Proteins
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
37. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
L- configuration
Proteins
only achiral amino acid
38. (R) and (S) describe what?
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
alpha helix
pI
absolute configuration
39. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
Beta pleated sheet
pI
histidine - arginine - lysine
L- configuration
40. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
only achiral amino acid
glycogen
amphipathic
maltase
41. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
pyranose
alpha helix
will have pI of 6
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
42. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
CH3COOH
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
anomers
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
43. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
isoelectric point
D- glyceraldehyde
disulfide bond
maltase
44. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
optical activity
starch
45. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
unsaturated fatty acid
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
anomers
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
46. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
secondary structure
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
47. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
D- glyceraldehyde
glycogen
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
parallel beta sheet
48. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
will have pI of 6
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
Ka
49. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
stereoisomers
glycogen
NH2CONH2
50. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
amphipathic