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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
peptide bond
2. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
absolute configuration
D- amino acid
saturated fatty acid
3. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isomers
starch
absolute configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
4. Name for 6 membered ring
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
pyranose
anomers
isomers
5. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
starch
phospholipids
L- amino acid
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
6. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
starch
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
L- amino acid
L- configuration
7. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
secondary structure
anomeric carbon
cysteine and methionine
8. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
absolute configuration
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
only achiral amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
9. Unique feature of cysteine
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Ka
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
10. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
optical activity
only achiral amino acid
L- amino acid
Beta pleated sheet
11. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
histidine - arginine - lysine
stereoisomers
12. Rule for all amino acids that are nonbasic and nonacidic pertaining to pI value?
NH2CONH2
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
will have pI of 6
Beta pleated sheet
13. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
Proteins
D- amino acid
L- amino acid
14. Glycosidic linkage of sucrose
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
disulfide bond
15. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glycerol
antiparallel beta sheet
16. Physiological pH
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
7.4
furanose
D- amino acid
17. Glycosidic linkage of lactose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
histidine - arginine - lysine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
18. Histidine
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
glycerol
triacylglycerol
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
19. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
isomers
aldose
pI
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
20. Characteristic of basic amino acids
Proteins
absolute configuration
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
have amino group in their side chains
21. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
Characteristics of the peptide bond
peptide bond
amphoteric
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
22. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
maltase
isoelectric point
cysteine and methionine
starch
23. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is determined by peptide bond
tertiary structure
phospholipids
primary structure
cysteine and methionine
24. Fatty acid w/ one or more double bonds in cis form predominately
D- amino acid
disulfide bond
tertiary structure
unsaturated fatty acid
25. Characteristics of polar amino acids
D- amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
pyranose
26. Basic amino acids
optical activity
lipases
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
histidine - arginine - lysine
27. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in the same direction in Beta pleated sheet structure
parallel beta sheet
D- glyceraldehyde
7.4
Characteristics of the peptide bond
28. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
disulfide bond
glycerol
saturated fatty acid
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
29. Polar amino acids
lipases
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
30. Acetic acid formula?
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
CH3COOH
isoelectric point
only achiral amino acid
31. Right handed helix w/ carboxyl of one amino acid bound to the amine of another amino acid three residues away - proline never resides in this structure b/c it would place a kink in the helix
aldose
alpha helix
mutarotation
L- configuration
32. Glyceraldehyde
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
amphipathic
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
33. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
quaternary structure
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
ketose
34. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
lactase
absolute configuration
anomers
histidine - arginine - lysine
35. Hydrophilic amino acids
D- amino acid
histidine - arginine - lysine
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
pyranose
36. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
cysteine and methionine
pI
37. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
7.4
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
38. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
aldose
D- amino acid
secondary structure
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
39. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
ketose
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
40. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
antiparallel beta sheet
Characteristics of the peptide bond
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
41. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
L- configuration
anomeric carbon
packing and energy content
42. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
Ka
peptide bond
primary structure
antiparallel beta sheet
43. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
Proteins
absolute configuration
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
aldose
44. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
glycogen
quaternary structure
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
L- amino acid
45. Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
amphoteric
pI
D- glyceraldehyde
46. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
only achiral amino acid
amphipathic
mutarotation
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
47. (+) and (-) describe what?
optical activity
isomers
anomeric carbon
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
48. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
D- glyceraldehyde
amphipathic
lipases
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
49. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
have amino group in their side chains
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
50. Sulfur containing amino acids
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
cysteine and methionine
glycerol
only achiral amino acid