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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fatty acid structure
phospholipids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
CH3COOH
2. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
optical activity
disulfide bond
Beta pleated sheet
lactase
3. Characteristics of polar amino acids
lactase
pI
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
amphipathic
4. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
cysteine and methionine
starch
phospholipids
NH2CONH2
5. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
anomeric carbon
Ka
peptide bond
6. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
furanose
anomers
CH3COOH
mutarotation
7. Acidic amino acids
Characteristics of the peptide bond
triacylglycerol
glycerol
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
8. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
absolute configuration
9. Hydrolysis
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
epimers
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
addition of water across of a bond
10. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
disulfide bond
triacylglycerol
packing and energy content
peptide bond
11. Structure where H bonds occur btw residues distant from each other - or on a separate chain. backbone is extended rather than coiled
Beta pleated sheet
secondary structure
optical activity
glycerol
12. Acetic acid formula?
alpha helix
absolute configuration
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
CH3COOH
13. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
anomers
aldose
triacylglycerol
Beta pleated sheet
14. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
disulfide bond
saturated fatty acid
CH3COOH
antiparallel beta sheet
15. Name for 5 membered ring
furanose
pyranose
Characteristics of the peptide bond
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
16. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
only achiral amino acid
aldose
glycerol
optical activity
17. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
cysteine and methionine
absolute configuration
amphipathic
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
18. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
packing and energy content
absolute configuration
secondary structure
D- amino acid
19. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
secondary structure
stereoisomers
epimers
amphoteric
20. Histidine
unsaturated fatty acid
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
histidine - arginine - lysine
disulfide bond
21. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
glycerol
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
22. Glyceraldehyde
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
epimers
23. Sulfur containing amino acids
triacylglycerol
cysteine and methionine
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
will have pI of 6
24. 1.has partial double bond character due to resonance 2. it cannot rotate 3. amide H is someWhat acidic and can H bond
isoelectric point
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Characteristics of the peptide bond
amphipathic
25. Enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules?
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
saturated fatty acid
maltase
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
26. (R) and (S) describe what?
only achiral amino acid
absolute configuration
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
quaternary structure
27. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
maltase
quaternary structure
isoelectric point
tertiary structure
28. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
L- amino acid
pI
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
furanose
29. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
alpha helix
anomers
isoelectric point
lipases
30. Hydrophilic amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
antiparallel beta sheet
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
unsaturated fatty acid
31. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
saturated fatty acid
ketose
Ka
32. Polar amino acids
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
serine - threonine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine - tyrosine
secondary structure
isoelectric point
33. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
saturated fatty acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glycogen
34. Characteristics of acidic amino acids
unsaturated fatty acid
have acidic carboxylic acid on side chains - w/ pKa around 4
optical activity
addition of water across of a bond
35. Molecules with the same atoms - but different bonds
isoelectric point
isomers
mutarotation
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
36. PH at which positive and negative charges balance to form a zwitterion
have amino group in their side chains
pI
ketose
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
37. Molecule can act as a base and as an acid
optical activity
CH3COOH
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
amphoteric
38. Covalent bond formed btw carboxyl group of one atom and the amino group of another amino acid in an addition - elimination mechanism - enzymes are required to carry out rxn
addition of water across of a bond
peptide bond
7.4
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
39. Nonpolar - hydrophobic amino acids
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
40. Fxn of cholesterol in the membrane?
antiparallel beta sheet
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
CH3COOH
41. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
Beta pleated sheet
Characteristics of the peptide bond
secondary structure
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
42. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
packing and energy content
pI
epimers
lipases
43. Sugar with a carbonyl group at the 2 carbon position
Characteristics of the peptide bond
ketose
primary structure
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
44. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
unsaturated fatty acid
pI
Beta pleated sheet
45. Unique feature of glycine
has thiol group that allows it the form disulfide bond
only achiral amino acid
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
addition of water across of a bond
46. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
starch
47. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
maltase
Proteins
furanose
48. Carbon that in linear form has a carbonyl - or in cyclic form has a hemiacetal or an acetal
anomeric carbon
packing and energy content
7.4
amphipathic
49. D and L describe what?
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glycerol
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
aldose
50. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
Ka
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
maltase
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose