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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Organic Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3 carbon triol that forms backbone of triacylglycerol
aldose
have amino group in their side chains
glycerol
triacylglycerol
2. Adjacent polypeptide strands running in opposite directions in Beta pleated sheet structure
antiparallel beta sheet
isomers
furanose
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
3. 2 things that accelerate the rate of hydrolysis for peptide cleavage?
L- configuration
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
phospholipids
aldose
4. Glyceraldehyde
Proteins
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
stereoisomers
secondary structure
5. Molecules with the same atoms and same bonds - but different bond geometries; can either be enantiomers or diastereomers
maltase
stereoisomers
addition of water across of a bond
parallel beta sheet
6. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions btw amino acids more distant from each other on the polypeptide chain
anomeric carbon
unsaturated fatty acid
tertiary structure
CH3COOH
7. Enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose into
amphoteric
lactase
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
8. Generated btw either thiols on different proteins or thiols on the same protein
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
disulfide bond
quaternary structure
primary structure
9. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for plants
ketose
unsaturated fatty acid
have amino group in their side chains
starch
10. Amino group placed on the right of a fischer projection is a?
peptide bond
Proteins
isoelectric point
D- amino acid
11. Naturally occurring carbohydrates are formed from what?
D- glyceraldehyde
packing and energy content
lactase
optical activity
12. Property of fatty acids where one end is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
amphipathic
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
7.4
13. Formula for urea
glycerol
have amino group in their side chains
NH2CONH2
7.4
14. Unique feature of glycine
CH3COOH
only achiral amino acid
alpha helix
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
15. Fatty acid w/ no double bonds and maximum number of hydrogens
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
glycerol
saturated fatty acid
peptide bond
16. Hydrophilic amino acids
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
secondary structure
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
17. Interaction btw polypeptide subunits arranged in polypeptide. can be covalent bonds or intermolecular forces - disulfide bond that does not form btw residues on the same protein affect (blank)
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
basic amino acid has pKa at 6.5 - so it can either be protonated or deprotonated at physiological pH
quaternary structure
Beta pleated sheet
18. 4 causes of denaturation of proteins
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
only amino acid that his a secondary amine
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
19. 1. it exists in solution in equilibrium with linear form 2. mutarotation occurs readily 3. it is a reducing sugar - and reacts positively w/ Benedict's reagent
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
modulates fluidity and seeks to maintain optimal fluidity
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
quaternary structure
20. What stabilizes lipid bilayer?
van der Waal forces of hydrophobic tails
alpha helix
stereoisomers
lactase
21. Characteristics of polar amino acids
absolute configuration
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
amphoteric
D- glyceraldehyde
22. Initial folding of proteins into shapes stabilized by H bonds btw amino and carboxyl groups of backbone
saturated fatty acid
peptide bond
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
secondary structure
23. 3 physiological roles of lipids
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
isomers
3 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as a hemiacetal
all acidic - basic - and polar amino acids
24. What describes the affinity of functional groups for a proton?
quaternary structure
Ka
1. presence of urea 2. extreme pH 3. extreme temperature 4. changes in salinity
stereoisomers
25. Characteristic of basic amino acids
triacylglycerol
have amino group in their side chains
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
26. Interconversion btw two anomers
mutarotation
7.4
pyranose
stereoisomers
27. What configuration do all naturally occuring amino acids have?
L- configuration
C3H6O3 - with one chiral center
only achiral amino acid
saturated fatty acid
28. 1. it requires an enzyme to linearize and mutarotate 2. it is not a reducing sugar and give negative Benedict's test
amphoteric
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
alpha helix
29. Hydrolysis
pyranose
lipases
addition of water across of a bond
isomers
30. Sulfur containing amino acids
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
starch
cysteine and methionine
31. D and L describe what?
have an R group that is polar enough to H bond - but does no acts an acid or a base
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
have alkyl or aromatic side chains and tend to associate w/ each other - rather than water
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
32. Amino group placed on the left of a fischer projection is a?
pI
furanose
amphipathic
L- amino acid
33. Physiological pH
7.4
Beta pleated sheet
primary structure
glycine - alanine - valine - methionine - leucine - isoleucine - proline - phenylalanine - tryptophan
34. (R) and (S) describe what?
galactose - beta -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
isoelectric point
lipases
35. PH at which the amino acid has a net neutral charge
only achiral amino acid
glucose - alpha -1 -2- fructose
isoelectric point
primary structure
36. Separation is due to charge - with negative charge moving toward positive electrode and positive charge moving toward negative electrode
pI
Cause of Amino acid separation in gel electrophoresis
only achiral amino acid
saturated fatty acid
37. Fatty acid structure
long chain of unsubstituted alkanes that end in a carboxylic acid - making them amphipathic
aldose
saturated fatty acid
quaternary structure
38. Epimers of sugars that vary in the configuration of their anomeric carbons
pI
anomers
peptide bond
Proteins
39. Storage form of fatty acid that is composed of 3 esterified fatty acid to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol
addition of water across of a bond
histidine - arginine - lysine
only achiral amino acid
40. Diastereomers that vary in the configuration of 1 chiral center
D- amino acid
ketose
amphoteric
epimers
41. Glycosidic linkage of maltose
glucose - alpha -1 -4- glucose
saturated fatty acid
alpha helix
7.4
42. Acetic acid formula?
CH3COOH
pyranose
L- configuration
ketose
43. Sugar with an aldehyde at the first carbon position
anomeric carbon
aldose
pI
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
44. What kind of lipids compromise the lipid bilayer?
phospholipids
have amino group in their side chains
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
D- glyceraldehyde
45. 2 reasons why fats have more efficient energy stores than carbs
2 things about the cyclic form of a sugar as an acetal
packing and energy content
Ka
quaternary structure
46. Energy storage molecule of carbohydrates for animals
disulfide bond
glycogen
1. form phospholipids of cellular membranes 2. store energy in adipose tissue 3. produce steroid hormones
L- amino acid
47. 2 covalent bonds formed in proteins
optical activity
triacylglycerol
peptide bonds and disulfide bonds
Beta pleated sheet
48. Name for 5 membered ring
amphipathic
1. presence of strong acids 2. proteolytic enzymes
pI
furanose
49. Macromolecule that performs a variety of bodily functions and is composed of up to 20 different amino acids
pyranose
Proteins
glutamic acid and aspartic acid
the basic precursor of the molecule (L or D glyceraldehyde)
50. Glycosidic linkage of cellulose
triacylglycerol
glucose - beta -1 -4- glucose
absolute configuration
glycogen