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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus
Enterogasterone
A band
Gray matter
Thrombus
2. The blood vessels taht carry blood to and from cardiac muscle. The coronary arteries branch off teh aorta and carry oxygenated blood to the cardiac tissue. The coronary veins collect deoxygenated blood from teh cardiac tissue - merge to form teh coro
Hydroxyapatite
Coronary vessels
Somatic nervous system
Tight junction
3. The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute (vol/min); the product of the stroke volume (vol/beat) and the heart rate (beat/min). Cardiac output is directly proportional to blood pressure**.
Ureters
mRNA
Endometrium
Cardiac output
4. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Bipolar neuron
Spleen
Signal sequence
Urethra
5. Also known as the Bundle of His - this is the first portion of the cardiac conduction system - after the AV node.
Diaphysis
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Interstitial cell
Depolarization
6. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).
Total lung capacity
Gap junction
Heterozygous
Ovarian cycle
7. The location on a chromosome where transcription begins.
Catalase
Mechanoreceptors
Potassium leak channel
Start site
8. A type of lipoprotein; the form in which absorbed fats from the intestines are transported to the circulatory system.
Connective tissue
Placental villi
Enterogasterone
Chylomicron
9. A triat determined by a gen on either the X or Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes).
Sex- linked rait
Pulmonary circulation
Optic disk
Secondary immune response
10. The principal glucocorticoid secreted from teh adrenal cortex. This steroid hormone is released ruing stress - causing increased blood glucose levels and reducing inflammation. The latter effect has led to a clinical use of cortisol as an anti - infl
Ligand
Clathrin
Cortisol
Multipolar neuron
11. A sequence of amino acids (usually basic) that directs a protein to the nuclear envelope - where it is imported by a specific transport mechanism.
Collagen
A site
Missense mutation
Nuclear localization sequence
12. An enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides. Amylase is secreted by salivary glands and by the pancreas.
Amylase
Depolarization
T tubules
Morula
13. An organism that cannot make its own food - and thus must ingest other organisms.
Auditory tube
Heterotroph
Semen
A site
14. A four - subunit protein found in red blood cells that binds oxygen. Each subunit contains a heme group - a large multi - ring molecule with an iron atom at its center. One hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules in a cooperative manner.
Arousal
Haploid organism
Hemoglobin
Inflammation
15. A toxin that secreted by a bacterium into its surrounding medium that help the bacterium compete with other species. Some exotoxins cause serious disease in humans (botulism - tetanus - diptheria - toxic shock syndrome).
Interleukin
Vagal tone
Ureters
Exotoxin
16. A sequence of three nucleotides (found int he anticodon loop of tRNA) that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA. The codon to which the anticodon is complementary specifies the amino acid that is carried by that tRNA.
Lysosome
Anticodon
Transduction
Nucleoside
17. The neurotransmitter used throughout the parasympathetic nervous system as well as the neuromuscular junction.
Zona pellucida
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Nucleolus
Productive cycle
18. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; also a component of ATP - NADH - and FADH2. Adenine is apurine; it pairs with thymine (in DNA) and with uracil (in RNA)
Testes
Antiparallel orientation
Large intestine
Adenine
19. A type of lymphocyte. The major subtypes of T cells are the helper T cells (CD4) and the killer T cells (CD8 - or cytotoxic T cells). Helper T cells secrete chemicals that help killer Ts and B cells proliferate. Killer T cells destroy abnormal self -
Ossicles
T cell
Systole
Depolarization
20. A cytoplasmic protein that binds to a stop codon where it appears in the A- site of the ribosome. Release factors modify the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome - such that a water molecule is added to the end of the completed protein. This
Chromosome
Release factor
Humoral immunity
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
21. The mechanism described by Charles Darwin that drives evolution. Through mutation - some organisms possess genes that make them better adapted to their environment. These organisms survive and reproduce more than those that do not possess the benefic
Loose connective tissue
Natural selection
Umbilical cord
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
22. A hole in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the eyeball. The diameter of pupil is controlled by the iris in response to the brightness of the light.
Mutualism
Diploid organism
Optic nerve
Pupil
23. The unit of combact bone - also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal - and is where blood vessels - nervs - and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down
End plate potential
Collecting duct
Osteon
Meiosis
24. A pathway through a plasma membrane that restrics passage based only on the size of the molecules. Pore are made from porin proteins.
Pore
Prophase I
Mullerian ducts
Central canal
25. The combination of alleles of an organism carries. In a homozygous genotype - both alleles are the same - whereas in a heterozygous gentorype the alleles are different.
Cerebrospinal fluid
DNA polymerase
Signal sequence
Genotype
26. A contact point between the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is involved in regulating blood pressure.
Telophase
Obligate aerobe
Missense mutation
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
27. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
F1 generation
Acetyl - CoA
Primary active transport
Lysogenic cycle
28. Muscles located in between the ribs that play a role in ventilation.
Inducible enzymes
Intercostal muscles
Preganglionic neuron
Efferent arteriole
29. A motor neuron and all the all the skeletal muscle cells it innervates. Large motor units are typically found in large muscles (e.g. - the thighs and buttocks) and produce fross movements. Small motor untis are found in smaller muscles (e.g. the rect
Pore
Motor unit
Nociceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
30. The cytoskeleton filaments with the smallest diameter. Microfilaments are composed of the contractile protein actin. They are dynamic filaments - constantly beig made and broken down as needed - and are responsible for events such as pseudopod format
Interleukin
Population
Microfilament
Skeletal muscle
31. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Respiratory alkalosis
Tidal volume
Pleiotropic gene
Milk letdown
32. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.
Dorsal root ganglion
Monosaccharide
Intron
Chyme
33. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Diploid organism
Secretory phase
Law of Independent Assortment
Myofibril
34. A group of nucleotides that does not specify a particular amino acid - but instead serves to notify the ribosome that the protein being translated is complete. The stop codons are UAA - UGA - and UAG. They are also known as nonsense codons.
Interstitial cell
Glomerulus
Ribosome
Stop codon
35. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the Beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin targets cells in the body - especially the liver and muscle - and allows them to take glucose out of gthe blood (thus lowering blood glucose levels).
Insulin
Aminoacyl tRNA
Plaque
Enzyme
36. The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at teh AV node - allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract.
Sphygmomanometer
Glycolipid
Erythrocyte
Atrioventricular (AV) node
37. A chemical released by the axon of a neuron in response to an action potential that binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cell and causes that cell to either depolarize slightlly (EPSP) or hyperpolarize slightly (IPSP). Examples are acetylcholine - no
Neurotransmitter
Cholesterol
Autotroph
Semiconservative replication
38. A junction between cells - consisting of a protein channel called a connexon on each of the two cells that connect to form a single channel between teh cytoplasms of both cells. Gap junctions allow small molecules to flow between teh cells - and are
Gap junction
mRNA
IPSP
Eukaryotic
39. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is substitued for a purine - or vice versa.
Interleukin
Jejunum
B cell
Transversion mutation
40. Cells that form the walls of the seminiferous tubules and help in spermatogenesis Sertoli cells are also called susenacular cells.
Fertilization
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Sertolli cells
Systemic circulation
41. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal forced exhalation - typically about 1200 mL.
Capsid
Residual volume
Ejection fraction
Primary spermatocytes
42. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Endocytosis
Estrogen
Ligase
Pleiotropic gene
43. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Lysogenic cycle
Cortex
Basement membrane
Ejaculation
44. A structure composed of a ribose molecule linked to one of the aromatic bases. In a deoxynucleoside - the ribose is replaced with deoxyribose.
Creatine Phosphate
Nucleoside
Integral membrane protein
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
45. A large - mature - ovarian follicel with a well - developed antrum and a secondary oocyte. Ovulation of the oocyte occurs from this type of follicle.
Bacteriophage
5' cap
Formed elements
Graafian follicle
46. A dense grwoth of bacteria that covers the surface of a petri dish.
Lawn
Gastrulation
Iris
Organogenesis
47. A thick - gelatinous fluid found in the posterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the retina). The vireous humor is only produced during fetal development and helps maintain intraocular pressure (the pressure inside the eyeball).
Myofibril
Vitreous humor
Lysozyme
Second messenger
48. The sum of all genetic material in a population.
Liver
Natural selection
Epinephrine
Gene pool
49. The cerebral hemispheres.
Telencephalon
A band
Determination
Kinase
50. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
hCG
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Ligase
Seondary active transport