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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles.
Spleen
Prophase
Law of Segregation
Hair cells
2. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Intercostal muscles
Leukocyte
Urethra
3. A nucleotide sequence on DNA that contians three elemtns: a coding sequence for one or more enzymes - *a coding sequence for a regulatory protein - and upstream regulatory sequences where the regulatory proteins can bind. An example is the lac operon
Operon
Hematocrit
Pinocytosis
Chief cells
4. A pathway through a plasma membrane that restrics passage based only on the size of the molecules. Pore are made from porin proteins.
Pore
Hfr bacterium
Gyrase
Cochlea
5. A subphase of male orgasm - a reflex reaction triggered by the presence of semen in the urethra. Ejaculation is a series of rhythmic contractions of muscles near teh base of teh penis that increase pressure in the urethra - forcing the semen out.
Nuclear pore
Orgasm
Ejaculation
Estrogen
6. A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration (it does not move - just stays there). Muscles that participate in endurance activities (inclu
Myoglobin
Arousal
Postganglionic neuron
Genetic code
7. A protein channel in a cell membrane that is specific for a particular ion - such as Na+ or K+. Ion channels may be constitutively open (leak channels) - or regulated (voltage - gated or ligand - gated).
Tetanus
Ion channel
Single strand binding proteins
Endocrine gland
8. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
Nonsense mutation
Blastocyst
Prosthetic group
A band
9. A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction.
Autotroph
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Gastrin
Zygote
10. The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g. - the somach - intestines - bladder - etc.) or a tube (e.g. - blood vessels - ureters - etc.)
Neuron
Thermoreceptor
Renal absorption
Lumen
11. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA; the primary transcript made in eukaryotes before splicing.
Diastolic pressure
Operon
Anterioir pituitary gland
hnRNA
12. The primary enzyme in peroxisomes; catalse catalyzes the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen.
Anterioir pituitary gland
B cell
Enterogasterone
Catalase
13. The first portion of the nephron tubuel after the glomerulus. THe PCT is the site of most reabsorption; all filtered nutrients are reabsorbed here as well as most of the filtered water.
Chondrocyte
Differentiation
Electrical synapse
Proximal convoluted tubuel
14. The regino of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
Testosterone
Tolerant anaerobe
Repressor
I band
15. A pair of replicated homologous chromosomes. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis so that homologous chromosomes can exchange DNA in a process known as 'crossing over.'
Glomerulus
Tetrad
Sebaceous gland
Cooperativity
16. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.
Semicircular canals
mRNA
Testcross
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
17. A lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid of an animal virus. the envelope is acquired as teh virus buds out through the plasma membrane of its host cell. Not all annimal viruses possess and envelope.
Envelope
Steroid hormone
Telophase I
hnRNA
18. The energy in a system that can be used to drive chemical reactions. If the change in free energy of a reaction (Delta G - the free energy of the products minus the free energy of the energy of the reactants) is negative - the reaction will occur spo
Axon
hCG
Platelets
Gibbs free energy
19. Pepsinogen - secreting cells foudn at teh bottom of the gastric glands
Goblet cells
Nociceptors
Stop codon
Chief cells
20. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.
Monosaccharide
Central Nervous System
Gastrin
Fast block to polyspermy
21. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Baroreceptor
Hypodermis
Ligase
Peristalsis
22. Toward the 5' end of an Rna transcript (the 5' end of the DNA coding strand). The promoter and start sites are upstream.
Operator
Upsteam
Ureters
Myometrium
23. The ends of a saromere.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Z lines
Posterior pituitary gland
Neuralation
24. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Primase
Lipoprotein
Myoglobin
Mechanoreceptors
25. An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the DNA strands in preparation for DNA replication.
Pulmonary vein
Erythropoietin
Helicase
Adrenergic tone
26. The portion of the nephron after the glomerulus and apsule; the region of the nephron where the filtrate is modified along its path to becoming urine.
Epiphyseal plate
Renal tubule
Transmembrane domain
Prostate
27. DNA replication in prokaryotes - so named because as replication proceeds around the single - circular chromosome - it takes on the appearnce of the Greek letter theta.
Point mutation
Theta replication
Complement system
Placenta
28. The membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear.
Cartilage
Endometrium
Oval window
Gibbs free energy
29. One of the four basic tissue types in the body (epithelial - connective - muscle - and nervous). Epithelial tissue is a lining and covering tissue (e.g. skin - the lining of the stomach and intestines - the lining of the urinary tract - etc. ) or a g
Transmembrane domain
Epithelial tissue
Sympathic nervous system
Plasma
30. An RNA polymerase that creates a primer (made of RNA) initiate DNa replication. DNA pol binds to the primer and elongates it.
Primase
Law of Segregation
Sertolli cells
Calcitriol
31. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
Flagella
Pleural pressure
hCG
F (fertility) factor
32. The curled structure in the inner ear that contains the membranes and hair cells that transduce sound waves into action potentials.
Cochlea
Law of Segregation
Conjugation
Telomere
33. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Complement system
Pulmonary vein
Gap phase
Axon
34. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Antigen (Ag)
Multipolar neuron
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Chondrocyte
35. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Gustatory receptors
Facultative anaerobe
Tropomyosin
Calcitonin
36. The fourth (and final) phase of mitosis. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms - chromosomes decondense - and the mitotic spindle is disassembled.
Postganglionic neuron
Divergent evolution
Telophase
Pepsin
37. The flow of blood from the heart - through the body (not including the lungs) - and back to the heart.
Motor unit recruitment
Motor unit
Coronary vessels
Systemic circulation
38. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.
Spatial summation
Secretin
EPSP
Second messenger
39. A chemical released by the axon of a neuron in response to an action potential that binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cell and causes that cell to either depolarize slightlly (EPSP) or hyperpolarize slightly (IPSP). Examples are acetylcholine - no
Ovary
Neurotransmitter
Reduction
Distal convoluted tubule
40. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
Olfactory receptors
Anaphase I
Lower esophageal sphincter
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
41. A protein - digesting enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands. Pepsin is secreted in its inactive form (pepsinogen) and is activated by gastric acid. It is unusual in that its pH optimum is around 1-2; most of these enzymes in the bo
Wolffian ducts
Dynein
Pepsin
Respiratory acidosis
42. The fertilization of an oocyte by more than one sperm. This occurs in some animals - but in humans - blocks to polyspermy exist (the fast block and the slow block) so that only a single sperm can penetrate the oocyte.
Myosin
Fibrinogen
Gibbs free energy
Polyspermy
43. An organelle surrounded by a double=membrane (two lipid bilayers) where ATP production takes place. The interior (matrix) is where PDC and the Krebs cycle occur - and the inner membrane contains the enzymes of the electron trasport chain and ATP synt
Photoreceptor
Diaphysis
Mitochondrion
Hexokinase
44. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
DNA polymerase
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Erectile tissue
Anaphase
45. An enzyme that lyses bacterial cell walls. Lysozyme is produced in the end stages of the lytic cycle so that new viral particles can escape their hosst; it is also found in human tears and human saliva.
Liver
Lysozyme
Rectum
Osteoblast
46. The maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions (such as temperature - pressure - ion balance - pH - etc.) regardless of external conditions.
Diffusion
Ligand
Optic nerve
Homeostasis
47. An organism that makes its own - typically using CO2 as a carbon source.
Loose connective tissue
Autotroph
Alimentary canal
Peristalsis
48. The region at the center of an A band of a sarcomere that is made up of myosin only. The H zone gets shorter (and may disappear) during muscle contraction.
Virus
Ileocecal valve
H zone
Heterozygous
49. The first phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle - during which the endometrium from the previous cycle is shed off. Estrogen and progesterone levels are low during this time period. Menstruation typically lasts from day 1 to day 5 of the cycle.
Peptidoglycan
Menstruation
Stroke volume
Cooperativity
50. Cranial nerve pair X. The vagus nerves are very large mixed nerves (They carry both sensory input and motor input) that innervate virtually every visceral organ. They are especially important in transmitting parasympathetic input to the heart and dig
Liver
Saltatory conduction
Vagus nerves
Aldosterone