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MCAT Prep Biology

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The movement of a particle (the solute) in a solution from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration ( or down it concentration gradient).






2. The period of time during which the ventricles of the heart are contracted.






3. The layer of granulosa cells taht surround an oocyte after is has been ovulated.






4. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.






5. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






6. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c






7. Extremely small pseudo - cells in the blood - important for clotting. They are not true cells - but are broken - off bits of a larger cell (a megakaryocyte).






8. Amino - acyl tRNA site; the site on a ribosome where a new amino acid is added to a growing peptide.






9. The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient - since where solutes are concentrated - water i






10. A carrier protein that transports a single molecule across the plasma membrane.






11. A set of vessels in the body that runs alongside the vessels of the circulatory system. It is a one - way system - with lymphatic capillaries beginning at the tissues and ultimately emptying into the large veins near the heart. It serves to return ex






12. A digestive accessory organ near the liver. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver - and is stimulated to contrat by cholecystokin (CCK).






13. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.






14. A methylated guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA. The cap is necessary to initiate translation of mRNA

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15. Messenger RNA; the type of RNa that is read by a ribosome to synthesize protein.






16. The third phase of mitosis. During anaphase - replicated chromosmes are split apart at their centromeres (the sister chromatids are separated from each other) and moved to opposite sides of the cell.






17. A region within the nucleus where rRNA is transribed and ribosomes are partially assembled.






18. A situation in which a heterozygot displays a blended version of the pheotypes associated with each allele - e.g. pure - breeding white - flowered plants crossed with pure - breeding red - flowered plants produces heterozygous offspring plants with p






19. A life cycle of animal viruses in which the mature viral particles bud from the host cell - acquiring an envelope (a coating of lipid bilayer) in the process.






20. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.






21. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is substitued for a purine - or vice versa.






22. The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within teh Gi tract - and is linked to the central nervous system.






23. The allele in a heterozygous genotype that is expressed; the phenotype resulting from either a heterozygous genotype or a homozygous dominant genotype.






24. A nucleotide sequence on DNA that contians three elemtns: a coding sequence for one or more enzymes - *a coding sequence for a regulatory protein - and upstream regulatory sequences where the regulatory proteins can bind. An example is the lac operon






25. The ball of capillaries at the beginning of the nephron where blood filtration takes place.






26. Fat cell






27. The volume of blood pumped out the heart in a single contraction.






28. The movement of a substance across a membane via pressure. In the kidney - filtration refers specifically to the movement of plasma across the capillary walls fo the glomerulus - into the capsule and tubule of the neprhon. Filtration at teh glomerulu






29. A form of symbiosis in Which both organisms involved benefit from the association.






30. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.






31. The smalles of all blodo vessles - typically having a diamtere just large neough for blood cells to pass through in single file. Capillaries have extremelyu thin walls to faciliate the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues.






32. A subphase of male orgasm. Emission is the movement of sperm (via the vas deferens) and semen into the urtehra in prepartion for ejaculation.






33. A protein channel in a cell membrane that is specific for a particular ion - such as Na+ or K+. Ion channels may be constitutively open (leak channels) - or regulated (voltage - gated or ligand - gated).






34. The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g. - the somach - intestines - bladder - etc.) or a tube (e.g. - blood vessels - ureters - etc.)






35. The cytoskeleton filaments with the smallest diameter. Microfilaments are composed of the contractile protein actin. They are dynamic filaments - constantly beig made and broken down as needed - and are responsible for events such as pseudopod format






36. A virus that infects a bacterium.






37. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization






38. The portion of an integral membrane protein that passes through the lipid bilayer.






39. The pituitary gland.






40. A nucleotide sequence that intervenes between protein - coding sequences. In DNA - these intervening sequences typically contain **regulatory sequences - however - in RNA they are simply spliced out to form the mature (translated) transcript.






41. The percentage of wholeblood made up of erythrocytes The typical hematocrit value is between 40-45%.






42. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.






43. A point mutation in which a condon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a stop (nonsense) codon.






44. The site(s) where the parental DNA double helix unwinds during replication.






45. The protective - connective tissue wrapping of the central nervous system (the dura mater - arachnoid mater - and pia mater).






46. A rapid from of action potential conduction along the axon of a neuron in which the action potential appears to jump from nodde of Ranvier to node of Ranvier.






47. A protein hormone secreted by sustenacular cells of the testes that acts to inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.






48. The cerebral hemispheres.






49. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential; a slight hyperpolarization of the postysynaptic cell - moving the membrane potential of that cell further from threshold.






50. The mass of cells in the blastocyst that ultimately give rise to the embryo and other embryonic structues (the amion - the umbilical vessels - etc.)







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