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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The specific molecule that binds to a receptor.
Passive transport
Ligand
Sudoriferous gland
5' cap
2. Having the ability to become anything; a zygote is totipotent.
Ligand
Resting membrane potential
Totipotent
Complement system
3. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Intercostal muscles
Complement system
Parietal cells
Cardiac conduction system
4. A physiological catalyst. Enzymes are usually proteins - although some RNAs have catalytic activity.
Guanine
Enzyme
Secretory phase
Erythrocyte
5. A hormone produced and secreted by teh adrenal medulla that prolongs and increases teh effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Epinephrine
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Genome
Diffusion
6. A projection of the cell body of a neuron that recieves a nerve impulse form a different neuron and send the impulse to the cell body. Neurons can have one or several dendrites!
Systole
Dendrite
Epistasis
Anabolism
7. The enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose -6- phosphate in the first step of glycolysis. This is one of the ain regulatory steps of this pathway. Hexokinase is feedback - inhibited by glucose -6- P.
Hexokinase
FSH
Chylomicron
Ejaculation
8. An ion channel that is oepend or closed based on the electrical potential across the plasma membrane. Once opened - the channel allows ions to cross the membrane according to their concentration gradients. Examples are the Na+ and K+ voltage - gated
Alveoli
Pancreas
Facilitated diffusion
Voltage - gated ion channel
9. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Milk letdown
Fibrinogen
Mutualism
Bipolar neuron
10. Complementary DNA. DNA produced synthetically by reverse trascribing mRNA. Because of eukaryotic mRNA splicing - cDNA contains no inrons.
cDNA
Thalamus
Serum
Acrosome
11. The hollow center of an osteon - also known as a Haversian canal. The central canal contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic vessels - and nerves. Bone is laid down around the central canal in concentric rings called lamellae.
Internodal tract
Filtration
Central canal
Renal tubule
12. The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle - during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the controll of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during
Secretory phase
Saprophyte
Thymus
Long bone
13. The duplication of DNA
Catalase
Replication
Gastrin
Cortex
14. The membranes that line the surface of the lungs (visceral pleura) and the inside wall of the chest cavity (parietal pleura).
Chromosome
Pleura
Testcross
Semiconservative replication
15. Muscle tissue that is attached to the bones. SKeletal muscle is striated multinucleate - and under voluntary control.
Cecum
First law of Thermodynamics
Gram - positive bacteria
Skeletal muscle
16. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
Longitudinal muscle
F (fertility) factor
Adrenal medulla
Intercalcated discs
17. The mechanism that ensures tehat skeletal muscle contraction does not occur without neural stimulation (excitation). A trest - cytosolic [Calcium] is low - and the troponin - tropomyosin complex covers the myosin - binding sites on actin. When the mu
Telencephalon
Facultative anaerobe
Excitation - contraction coupling
Urinary sphincter
18. A blood clot that forms in an unbrokened blood vessel. Thrombi are dangerous they can break free and begin travelin in the bloodstream (become an embolus). Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissue
Point mutation
Thrombus
Thecal cells
Silent mutation
19. A steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle Progesterone maintains and enhances the uterine lining for the possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. It is the primary hormone secreted d
Enteric nervous system
Mitochondrion
Progesterone
Zymogen
20. A developing oocyte and all of its surrounding (supporting) cells.
Follicle
Glycolipid
Mucocilliary escalator
Renin
21. A sensory receptor that responds to hcanges in pressure; for example - there are baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aortic ach that monitor blood pressure.
Baroreceptor
ATP synthase
Crossing over
Fimbriae
22. The resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. Peripheral resistance increases if arteries constrict (diameter decreases) - and an increase in peripheral resistance leads t o an increase in blood pressure.
Serum
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Transcription
Peripheral resistance
23. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
Saprophyte
Testosterone
Internodal tract
Disaccharide
24. Earlier embryonic ducts that can develop into femal internal genitalia in the absence of testosteron.
Dense connective tissue
Fast block to polyspermy
Mullerian ducts
Epitope
25. Myelinated axons
Cones
Epiglottis
Antiparallel orientation
White matter
26. Movement of a hydrophilic molecuel across the plasma membrane of a cell - down its concentration gradient - through a channel - pore - or carrier molecule in the membrane. Because the hydrophilic nature of the molecule - it requires a special path th
Monocistronic mRNA
Facilitated diffusion
Excretion
Interleukin
27. The main air tube leading into the respiratory system. The trachea is made of alternating rings of cartilage and connective tissue.
Trachea
Sphincter of Oddi
hnRNA
Ligase
28. A sensory receptor that responds to specific chemicals. Some examples are gustatory (taste) receptors - olfactory (smell) receptors - and central chemoreceptors (responds to pH changes in teh cerebrospinal fluid).
Leak channel
Sex- linked rait
Chylomicron
Chemoreceptor
29. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Lagging strand
Spongy bone
Common bile duct
Induction
30. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Primary active transport
Luteal phase
Renal tubule
Transition mutation
31. The perio of time during which the ventricles of the heart are relaxed.
Diastole
Bicarbonate
Leak channel
Recombination frequency
32. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.
Monosaccharide
Cardiac output
Codon
Single strand binding proteins
33. The cells of the distal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are receptors that monitor filtrate osmolarity as a means of regulatin filtration rate. If a drop is osmolarity is sensed - the macula densa dilates the afferent arteriole (to incr
Macula densa
Pulmonary vein
Homozygous
Hypodermis
34. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the gonads. In females LH triggers ovulation and the development of a corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle; in males - LH stimulates the production and release of testosteron.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Chondrocyte
Prosthetic group
mRNA
35. The regino of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
I band
Obligate aerobe
Theta replication
Hypodermis
36. Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram - negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram - positive bacteria.
Gram - negative bacteria
Hypodermis
Tropomyosin
Neurotransmitter
37. All parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord.
Secondary sex characteristics
Sphygmomanometer
Feedback inhibition
Periperal nervous system
38. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Signal transduction
Flagella
Guanine
Fetal stage
39. The region of teh brain that coordinates and smooth skeletal muscle activity.
Facilitated diffusion
Cerebellum
Ganglion
Pharynx
40. A systme of ductless glands taht secrete chemical messengers (into) the blood - has to be into the blood.
Cofactor
Acrosome
Endocrine system
Differentiation
41. The phase of mitosis during which the cell physically splits into two daugter cells. Cytokinesis begins near the end of anaphase - and is completed during telophase.
Chemotroph
Catabolism
Skeletal muscle
Cytokinesis
42. The fertilization of an oocyte by more than one sperm. This occurs in some animals - but in humans - blocks to polyspermy exist (the fast block and the slow block) so that only a single sperm can penetrate the oocyte.
Pulmonary artery
Ligament
Polyspermy
Obligate anaerobe
43. A protein - digesting enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands. Pepsin is secreted in its inactive form (pepsinogen) and is activated by gastric acid. It is unusual in that its pH optimum is around 1-2; most of these enzymes in the bo
IPSP
Testcross
Pepsin
Clathrin
44. The layer of epithelial tissue that lines body cavities in contact with the outside environment (respiratory - digestive - urinary - and reproductive tracts).
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Axon
Cardiac muscle
Mucosa
45. A group of sensory neuron cell bodies found just posterior to the spinal cord on either side. A pair of root ganglia exists for each spinal nerve that expands from the spinal cord. The ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Myometrium
Epistasis
Hemoglobin
Dorsal root ganglion
46. A diploid cell that can undergo mitosis to form more spermatogonium - and can also be triggered to undergo meiosis to form sperm.
Antagonist
Estrogen
Pyrimidine bases
Spermatogonium
47. The cytoskeleton filaments with the smallest diameter. Microfilaments are composed of the contractile protein actin. They are dynamic filaments - constantly beig made and broken down as needed - and are responsible for events such as pseudopod format
Motor end plate
Phototroph
Microfilament
Norepinephrine
48. An integral membrane proteint hat binds extracellular signaling molecules - suchas hormones and peptides.
Gray matter
Cell surface receptor
Afferent neuron
Codominance
49. A blood pressure cuff
Vagus nerves
Sphygmomanometer
Cooperativity
Topoisomerase
50. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Ectoderm ultimately forms external structures such as the skin - hair - nails - and inner linings of the mouth and anus - as well as the entire nervous system.
Totipotent
Pyruvic acid
Ectoderm
Osteoclast