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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.
Prophase I
Interphase
Canaliculus
Dense connective tissue
2. The resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. Peripheral resistance increases if arteries constrict (diameter decreases) - and an increase in peripheral resistance leads t o an increase in blood pressure.
Stop codon
Peripheral resistance
Avascular
Excitation - contraction coupling
3. A long - whip - like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated - and sperm are flagellated.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Corpus callosum
Flagella
Atrioventricular (AV) node
4. The period of time following an action potential when it is possible - but difficult - for the neuron to fire a second action potential due to the fact that membrane is further from theshold potential (hyperpolarized).
Endocytosis
Primary bronchi
Relative refractory period
Epiphyseal plate
5. The specific molecule that binds to a receptor.
Determination
Transduction
Kinase
Ligand
6. Chemoreceptors in the upper nasal cavity that respond to odo chemicals.
Fertilization
Replication bubbles
Attachment
Olfactory receptors
7. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA; the primary transcript made in eukaryotes before splicing.
hnRNA
Integral membrane protein
Hypodermis
Flagella
8. The neurotransmitter used throughout the parasympathetic nervous system as well as the neuromuscular junction.
Nucleus
Dominant
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Ligament
9. Fat cell
Urinary sphincter
Nucleoside
Residual volume
Adipocyte
10. A bacterium that cannon survive on minimal medium (glucose alone) because it lacks the ability to syntheisze a molecule it needs to live (typically an amino acid). Auxotrphs must ave the needed substance (the auxiliary trophic substance) added to the
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Venous returns
Myoglobin
Auxotroph
11. Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal luid to help regulate ventilation rate.
Semen
Plasma
Accessory organs
Central chemoreceptors
12. An ion channel that is opened or closed based on the binding of a specific ligand to teh channel. Once opened - the channel allows the ion to cross the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient. An examples is the acetylcholine receptor
Ligand - gated ion channel
Cristae
Thymine
Retinal
13. A generic connective tissue cell that produces fibers; the progenitor of all other connective tissue cell types.
Fibroblast
Thin filament
Chondrocyte
Meiosis
14. The site(s) where the parental DNA double helix unwinds during replication.
Basilar membrane
Relication fork(s)
Clathrin
Universal acceptor
15. The cell body of a neuron.
Soma
Autoimmune reaction
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
16. An intracellular chemical signal (such as cAMP ) that relays instructions from the cell surface to enzymes in the cytosol.
Telencephalon
Second messenger
Anaphase I
Renal tubule
17. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Law of Segregation
Nucleotide
Euchromatin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
18. An immune reaction directed against normal (necessary ) cells.Fo example - diabets melitus (typeI) is an autoimmun reaction directed against teh beta cells of the pancrease (destorying them and preventing insulin secretion) and aginst insulin itself.
yngergist
Nucleolus
Saprophyte
Autoimmune reaction
19. The location on a chromosome where transcription begins.
Intercalcated discs
Peripheral membrane protein
Loose connective tissue
Start site
20. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal forced exhalation - typically about 1200 mL.
Lipid
Nephron
Substrate(s)
Residual volume
21. The curled structure in the inner ear that contains the membranes and hair cells that transduce sound waves into action potentials.
Cochlea
Thecal cells
Synapse
Epithelial tissue
22. Swelling of tissues - sometimes caused by inflammation letting into many white blood cells (decreasing oncotic pressure at the end of the capillaries & not letting as much water back into capillaries & staying in tissues).
Testosterone
Substrate(s)
Seminiferous tubules
Edema
23. A gene appearing in a single copy in diploid organisms - e.g. X- linked genes in human males.
Hemizygous gene
Duodenum
Second messenger
Temporal summation
24. The cytoskeleton filaments with the smallest diameter. Microfilaments are composed of the contractile protein actin. They are dynamic filaments - constantly beig made and broken down as needed - and are responsible for events such as pseudopod format
Urinary sphincter
Spatial summation
Microfilament
Determination
25. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a discontinuous fashion - via Okazaki fragments that will ultimately be ligated together; the daugther strand that is replicated in the opposite direction that parallel DNA is unwinding
Myosin
Lagging strand
Androgens
P site
26. The first generation of offspring from a given genetic cross.
Euchromatin
F1 generation
Embryonic stage
Bipolar neuron
27. A bacterial enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA nucleotide sequence and that cuts the double helix at a specific site within the sequence.
Neuralation
Seminal vesicles
Restriction endonuclease
Ectoderm
28. The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.
Submucosa
Motor end plate
Appendix
Anticodon
29. A neuron with a single axon and a single dendrite - often projecting from opposite sides of the cell body. Bipolar neurons are typically associated with sensory organs; an example is the bipolar neuron in the retina of the eye. - note that one axon m
Inducible enzymes
Islets of Langerhans
Erectile tissue
Bipolar neuron
30. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Compact bone
Chemoreceptor
Tendon
Spleen
31. A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division of oogenesi (not that the cytoplasmic division in this case is unequal - producing one large cell with almost all of they cytoplasm - the secondary oocyte - and one smaller cell with virtually
Flagella
Fermentation
Motor unit recruitment
Secondary oocyte
32. The entropy (disorder) of the universe (or system) tends to increase.
Effector organ
Fermentation
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Pyloric sphincter
33. A large system of folded membranes within a eukaryotic cell that has ribosomes bound to it - giving a rough appearnce. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will ultimately be secreted from the cell - incorporated into the plasma membrane - or tra
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Gametogenesis
Uniporter
Midbrain
34. Earlier embryonic ducts that can develop into femal internal genitalia in the absence of testosteron.
Productive cycle
Mullerian ducts
Internodal tract
Myoglobin
35. A genetic cross between an organism displaying a recessive phenotype (homozygous recessive) and an organism displaying a dominant phenotype (for whic the genotype is unknown) - done to determine the unknown genotype.
Genome
tRNA loading
Gametogenesis
Testcross
36. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; also a component of ATP - NADH - and FADH2. Adenine is apurine; it pairs with thymine (in DNA) and with uracil (in RNA)
Epitope
Homologous chromosomes
Cerebellum
Adenine
37. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Temporal summation
Axon
G- protein linked receptor
Acrosome
38. A four - subunit protein found in red blood cells that binds oxygen. Each subunit contains a heme group - a large multi - ring molecule with an iron atom at its center. One hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules in a cooperative manner.
Homologous structures
Hemoglobin
Medium
Lymphocyte
39. The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction.
Hyperpolarization
Calcitriol
Supercoiling
Leukocyte
40. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Ovulation
Nodes of Ranvier
Pulmonary artery
Platelets
41. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
F (fertility) factor
Diastole
Cytokinesis
Transition mutation
42. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Milk letdown
Amphipathic
Mullerian ducts
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
43. A mature - cartilage cell.
Parasite
Vital capacity
Chondrocyte
Erythrocyte
44. An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; also called DNA ligase. This enzyme is usedd during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research.
Thymine
Anal sphincter
Ligase
Nucleus
45. A hormone produced from vitamin D that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Calcitriol
Respiratory alkalosis
Peptide bond
Periperal nervous system
46. The law of conservation of energy; the energy of the universe is constant - thus if the energy of a system increases - the energy of its surroundings must decrease - and vice versa.
Krebs cycle
Exocrine gland
Dense connective tissue
First law of Thermodynamics
47. The first (approximately 5%) of the small intestinte.
Renal absorption
Secretory phase
Duodenum
Collagen
48. A large multinucleate cell - typically formed by the fusion of many smaller cells during development (e.g. a skeletal muscle cell) - or formed by nuclear division in the absence of cellular division.
Calmodulin
Eukaryotic
Syncytium
Photoreceptor
49. A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical disturbances - such as shape changes (being squashed - bent - pulled - etc.). Mechanoreceptors include touch receptors in the skin - hair cells - in the ear - muscle spindles - and others.
Hypodermis
Mechanoreceptors
Vitamin
Amino Acid
50. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Gap junction
Compact bone
Telophase II
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