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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Pyrimidine bases
Theta replication
Activation energy (Ea)
Inspiration
2. The sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome that activates RNA polymerase so that transcription can take place. The promoter is found upstream of the start site - the location where transcription actually takes place.
Promoter
Inner cell mass
Glucagon
Complement system
3. A eukaryotic organelle filled with digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) that is involved in digestion of macromolecules such as worng organelles or material ingested by phagocytosis.
Lysosome
Albumin
Resting membrane potential
FSH
4. A neuron with a single axon and a single dendrite - often projecting from opposite sides of the cell body. Bipolar neurons are typically associated with sensory organs; an example is the bipolar neuron in the retina of the eye. - note that one axon m
Stomach
Gap junction
T tubules
Bipolar neuron
5. A bacterium having a spiral shape (plural = spirochetes)
Angiotensin
Smooth muscle
Na+/K+ ATPase
Spirochete
6. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Sebaceous gland
Replication bubbles
Basement membrane
Estrogen
7. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Islets of Langerhans
Genetic code
Bicarbonate
Purkinje fibers
8. A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction.
Heterozygous
Zygote
Natural selection
Trypsin
9. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the gonads. In females LH triggers ovulation and the development of a corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle; in males - LH stimulates the production and release of testosteron.
Central chemoreceptors
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Exocytosis
B cell
10. The inner epithelial lining of the uterus that thickens and develops during the menstrual cycle - into which a fertilized ovum can implant - and which sloughs off during menstration if a pregnancy does not occur.
Labor contractions
Endometrium
Partial pressure
Urinary sphincter
11. A non - protein - but organic - molecule (such as vitamin) that is covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the active site.
Prosthetic group
Chemical synapse
Replication bubbles
Gibbs free energy
12. Microscopic outward folds of the cells lining the small intestine; microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.
Microvilli
Channel protein
Induction
Pyrimidine bases
13. The inner region of an organ - e.g. - the renal medulla - the ovarian medulla - and the adrenal medulla - etc.
Proliferative phase
Lytic cycle
Enterokinase
Medulla
14. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
Primary oocytes
Follicular phase
Diffusion
Jejunum
15. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Pleura
Cardiac muscle
Primary active transport
Central Nervous System
16. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.
Disaccharide
Transcription
Vena cava
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
17. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Repressor
Aminoacyl tRNA
Amylase
hick filament
18. Chemoreceptors in the upper nasal cavity that respond to odo chemicals.
Olfactory receptors
Loose connective tissue
Replication bubbles
Repressor
19. The largest artery in teh body; the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart.
Smooth muscle
Inducible enzymes
Pharynx
Aorta
20. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.
Vitreous humor
Fimbriae
Lipoprotein
Siding filament theory
21. A clump of gray matter (unmyelinated neuron cell bodies) found in the peripheral nervous system.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Troponin
Ganglion
22. Major Histocompatability complex - a set of proteins found on the plasma membranes of cells that help display antigen to T cells. MHC I is found on all cells and displays bits of proteins from within the cell; this allows T cells to monitor cell cont
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
MHC
Diffusion
Meninges
23. A clear area in a lawn of bacteria. Plaques represent an area where bacteria are lysing (dying) and usually caused by a lytic virus.
Plaque
Androgens
Choroid
Cytosine
24. The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Exotoxin
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Desmosome
25. The first branches of the trachea. There are two primary bronchi - one for each lung.
Primary bronchi
Adipocyte
Systole
Microvilli
26. A genetic cross between an organism displaying a recessive phenotype (homozygous recessive) and an organism displaying a dominant phenotype (for whic the genotype is unknown) - done to determine the unknown genotype.
Hardy- Weinberg law
Coronary vessels
Testcross
Fertilization
27. The smalles of all blodo vessles - typically having a diamtere just large neough for blood cells to pass through in single file. Capillaries have extremelyu thin walls to faciliate the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Lymphatic system
Vitamin
Capilary
28. A string of several hundred adenine nucletodies added to the 3' end of the eukaryotic mRNA.
Repressible enzyme
Ossicles
Poly- A tail
Nucleotide
29. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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30. A physiological catalyst. Enzymes are usually proteins - although some RNAs have catalytic activity.
Syncytium
Nondisjunction
Enzyme
Excretion
31. The final section (approximately 55%) of the small intestine.
Interneuron
Spermatogonium
Heterotroph
Ileum
32. Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal luid to help regulate ventilation rate.
Granulosa cells
Ligase
Goblet cells
Central chemoreceptors
33. The first step in viral infection. Attachemen of a virus to its host is very specific and is also known as adsorption.
Anaphase
Pulmonary artery
Exclusion
Attachment
34. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
Oval window
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Epididymis
ATP synthase
35. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
Ovary
Prostate
Ptyalin
Blastocyst
36. A structure composed of a ring of nine microtube triplets - found in pairs in the MTOC (microtubule organizing center) of a cell. The centrioles duplicate during the cell division - and serve as the organizing center for the mitotic spindle.
Active site
Purkinje fibers
Local autoregulation
Centriole
37. A red blood cell; they are filled with hemoglobin - and teh function of the erythrocytes is to carry oxygen in the blood.
Polar body
Ligand
Carbohydrates
Erythrocyte
38. A hormone produced from vitamin D that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Thyroxine
Calcitriol
Umbilical cord
Parasympathetic nervous system
39. Something that works together with another thing to augment the the second thing's activity. For example - a uscle that assists another muslce is said to be a syngergist. An enzyme that helps another enzyme is a synergist.
Parasympathetic nervous system
yngergist
Yolk sac
Anabolism
40. An immune reaction directed against normal (necessary ) cells.Fo example - diabets melitus (typeI) is an autoimmun reaction directed against teh beta cells of the pancrease (destorying them and preventing insulin secretion) and aginst insulin itself.
Autoimmune reaction
Motor unit
Cochlea
cDNA
41. A group of nucleotides that does not specify a particular amino acid - but instead serves to notify the ribosome that the protein being translated is complete. The stop codons are UAA - UGA - and UAG. They are also known as nonsense codons.
Primary oocytes
Na+/K+ ATPase
Pharynx
Stop codon
42. An enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides. Amylase is secreted by salivary glands and by the pancreas.
Amylase
Dominant
Attachment
A band
43. Paired glands near the posterior side of the vaginal that secrete an alkaline mucus upon sexual arousal. The mucus helps to reduce the acidity of the vagina (which could be harmful to sperm) and lubricates the vagina to facilitate penetration.
Chemical synapse
Tetrad
Polysaccharides
Vestibular glands
44. Cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter in between that of the microtubule and the microfilament. Intermediate filaments are composed of many different proteins and tend to play structural roles in cells.
Phagocytosis
Corticosteroids
Artery
Intermediate filaments
45. The principal glucocorticoid secreted from teh adrenal cortex. This steroid hormone is released ruing stress - causing increased blood glucose levels and reducing inflammation. The latter effect has led to a clinical use of cortisol as an anti - infl
Cortisol
Glomerulus
Primary bronchi
Autoimmune reaction
46. The mechanism that ensures tehat skeletal muscle contraction does not occur without neural stimulation (excitation). A trest - cytosolic [Calcium] is low - and the troponin - tropomyosin complex covers the myosin - binding sites on actin. When the mu
Central chemoreceptors
Downstream
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Excitation - contraction coupling
47. The elimination of wastes from the body.
Excretion
Helicase
Gastrin
Villi
48. A neuron that arries information (action potentials) to the central nervous system; a sensory neuron.
Blastocyst
Afferent neuron
Rule of addition
Gibbs free energy
49. A sweat gland located in the dermis of the skin. Sweat consists of water and ions (including Na+ and urea) and is secreted with temperatures rise.
Semiconservative replication
Hfr bacterium
Sudoriferous gland
Pancreatic duct
50. An enzyme whose transcription can be stimulated by an abundance of its substrate (as opposed to repressible enzyme). Usually in catabolism.
Sclera
Inducible enzymes
Diaphragm
Purine bases