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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A subphase of male orgasm - a reflex reaction triggered by the presence of semen in the urethra. Ejaculation is a series of rhythmic contractions of muscles near teh base of teh penis that increase pressure in the urethra - forcing the semen out.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Ejaculation
Saltatory conduction
Seminal vesicles
2. The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This could ocur during anaphase I of meiosis (homologous chromosomes) [--> leaving 2 gametes w/ 2 copies and 2 gametes w/ no copies of chromosome] -
Nondisjunction
Tetrad
Catabolism
Mucocilliary escalator
3. The function unit of the kidney. Each kidney has about a million nehprons; this is where blood filtration and subsequent modification of the filtrate occurs. The nephron empties into collecting ducts - which empty into the ureter.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Supercoiling
Nephron
Neuromuscular junction
4. (1) In the GI tract - organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal. These include the liver - the gallbladder - the pancreas - adn the salivary glands.
Ejection fraction
Accessory organs
Chemical synapse
Maternal inheritance
5. Small fragments of DNa produced on the lagging strand during DNa replication - joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.
Medulla
Atrioventricular valves
cDNA
Okazaki fragments
6. Very small tube or channel - such as is found between lacunae (connecting them together) in compact bone.
Epitope
Canaliculus
Cerebral cortex
Telophase I
7. The outer protein coat of a virus (the whole coat)
Norepinephrine
Capsid
Passive transport
Collagen
8. A globular protein that ssociated with tropomyosin as part of the thin filament of the sarcomere. Troponin binds Ca2+ - which causes the conformaiton change in tropomyosin required to expose the myosin - binding sites on actin and initiate muscle con
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Endometrium
Cytosine
Troponin
9. An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the DNA strands in preparation for DNA replication.
Inspiration
Coronary vessels
Helicase
Ribosome
10. A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads) - detoxification (in liver cells) - and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells).
Haploid organism
Hematopoiesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mullerian ducts
11. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the thyroid gland - stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormone.
Tetanus
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Recessive
H zone
12. The portion of the ear consisting of the pinna and the external auditory canal. The outer ear is separated from the middle ear by the tympanic membrane (the eardrum).
Outer ear
Lag phase
Hematocrit
Depolarization
13. DNA replication in which each of the parental strands is read to make a complementary daughter strand - ethus each new DNa molecule is composed of half the parental molecule paired with a newly synthesized strand.
Follicular phase
Smooth muscle
Semiconservative replication
Parasite
14. Mendel's seond law. States that genes found on different chromosomes - or genes found very far apart on the same chromosome (i.e. - unlinked genes) sort independently of one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Milk letdown
Law of Independent Assortment
Peptidoglycan
Noncompetitive inhibitor
15. The specific site on an antigenic molecule that binds to a T cell receptor or to an antibody.
Tropic hormone
Epitope
Single strand binding proteins
Oxytocin
16. Microscopic outward folds of the cells lining the small intestine; microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.
Ejection fraction
Microvilli
Menopause
Tight junction
17. A large - mature - ovarian follicel with a well - developed antrum and a secondary oocyte. Ovulation of the oocyte occurs from this type of follicle.
Prokaryote
Secondary oocyte
Graafian follicle
Purine bases
18. A hormone derived from cholesterol. Steroids are generally hydrophobic and can easily cross the plasma membrane of cells - thus receptors for steroids are found intracellularly. Once this steroid binds to its receptor - the receptor - steroid complex
Peptide hormone
Thecal cells
Hydroxyapatite
Steroid hormone
19. A molecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together. POlysaccharides are typically energy- storage molecules (glycogen in animals - starch in plants) or structural molecules (cellulose in plants - chitin in exoskeletons).
Parasite
Adenohypophis
Serum
Polysaccharides
20. A nucleotide sequence in RNA that contains protein - coding information. Exons are typically separated by introns (intervening sequences) that are spliced out prior to translation.
Exon
Prokaryote
Recessive
Diaphragm
21. The portion of the digestive tract that stores and grinds food. Limited digestion occurs in the somach - and it has the lowest pH in the body (1-2).
Stomach
Exocytosis
Law of Segregation
Creatine Phosphate
22. The portion of theforebrain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Electron transport chain
Bone marrow
Gustatory receptors
Diencephalon
23. The RF value - the percentage of recombinant offspring resulting from a given genetic cross. The recombination frequency is proportional to the physical distance between genes on a chromosome. If a recombination frequency is low - the genes under con
Nonsense mutation
Recombination frequency
Monocistronic mRNA
Lysosome
24. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Testosterone
Repolarization
Tendon
Luteal phase
25. A chemical derived from vitamin A found in the pigment proteins of the rod photoreceptors of the retina. Retinal changes conformation when it absorbs light - triggering a series of reactions that ultimately result in an action potential being sent to
Bulbourethral galnds
Osteon
Retinal
Spongy bone
26. The third phase of mitosis. During anaphase - replicated chromosmes are split apart at their centromeres (the sister chromatids are separated from each other) and moved to opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase
Endotoxin
Gallbladder
Vestibular glands
27. The elimination of wastes from the body.
Arousal
Genome
Ossicles
Excretion
28. Mendels' first law. The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles of a given gene will be separate from one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Penetration
Implantation
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Law of Segregation
29. In the autonomic division of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the autonomic ganglion (where a preganglionic neuron synapses with it) and whose axon synapses with the target axon.
Connective tissue
Common bile duct
Postganglionic neuron
Nucleotide
30. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Respiratory alkalosis
Electron transport chain
Monosaccharide
31. Strong contractions of the uterus (stimulated by oxytoncin) that force a baby out of the mother's baby during childbirth. Labor contractions are part of a positive feedback cycle - during which the baby's head stretches the cervix - which stimulates
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Labor contractions
Telomere
tRNA loading
32. A type of mutation in DNa where a single base is substituted for another.
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Point mutation
Memory cell
Polysaccharides
33. The cellular elements of blood; erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets.
Formed elements
Motor end plate
Spatial summation
Alveoli
34. A protein - digesting enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands. Pepsin is secreted in its inactive form (pepsinogen) and is activated by gastric acid. It is unusual in that its pH optimum is around 1-2; most of these enzymes in the bo
Pepsin
Lumen
Posterior pituitary gland
Thalamus
35. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Facilitated diffusion
Proprioreceptor
Telomere
Bipolar neuron
36. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
Secretion
Carbohydrates
Carrier protein
Central Nervous System
37. A mature - dormant osteoblast.
Fast block to polyspermy
Amphipathic
Chylomicron
Osteocyte
38. A contractile protein. In skeletal and cardiac muscle - actin polymerizes (along with other proteins) to form the thin filaments. Actin is involved in many contractile activities - such as cyotkinesis - pseudopod formation - and muscle contraction.
Neuralation
Actin
Medulla oblongata
Induction
39. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Afferent arteriole
DNA polymerase
Pulmonary vein
Linker DNA
40. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Nucleus
Hyperpolarization
Common bile duct
Fimbriae
41. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Log phase
Ceruminous gland
Electron transport chain
Nephron
42. An organism that has only a single copy of its genome in each of its cells. Haploid organisms possess no homolous chromosomes.
Bicarbonate
Reverse transcriptase
Haploid organism
Central canal
43. The string between beads of DNA on histones. They are also wrapped around a single histone - called linker histone - may not really have to know..
Orgasm
Graafian follicle
Linker DNA
Embryonic stage
44. An enzyme whose transcription can be stopped by an abundance of its product (as opposed to inducible enzymes). Usually part of anabolism of product.
Prostate
Repressible enzyme
Eukaryotic
Microfilament
45. The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy - often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.
Trachea
Gastrulation
Active transport
Signal transduction
46. Pepsinogen - secreting cells foudn at teh bottom of the gastric glands
Cardiac conduction system
Glycolipid
Fibrinogen
Chief cells
47. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
Testosterone
Krebs cycle
Epidermis
Ejection fraction
48. The curled structure in the inner ear that contains the membranes and hair cells that transduce sound waves into action potentials.
Cilia
Antiporter
Cochlea
Peptidoglycan
49. A large - ring shaped lipid found in cell membranes. Cholesterol is the precursor for steroid hormones - and is used to manufacture bile salts.
Cholesterol
Bronchioles
Frameshift mutation
Cilia
50. Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal luid to help regulate ventilation rate.
Actin
Central chemoreceptors
Meninges
Operator