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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.
Cooperativity
Leukocyte
Resolution
Secretin
2. The movement of teh membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more positive direction.
Chemotroph
Erythropoietin
Telophase I
Depolarization
3. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Rule of addition
Brush border enzymes
Common bile duct
Tonsils
4. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
Loop of Henle
5' cap
Peroxisome
Anticodon
5. The allele in a heterozygou genotype that is not expressed; the phenotype resulting from possession of two recessive alleles (homozygous recessive).
Lymphocyte
Pulmonary circulation
Peroxisome
Recessive
6. A sensory receptor that responds to hcanges in pressure; for example - there are baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aortic ach that monitor blood pressure.
Rule of multiplication
Homologous structures
Baroreceptor
Cholesterol
7. A mass of lymphatic tissue at the befenning of the large intestine that helps trap ingested pathogens.
Appendix
Thymus
Nucleotide
Somatic nervous system
8. A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane - bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi - plants and animals).
Eukaryotic
Heterozygous
Attachment
Ganglion
9. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is susbstituted for a pyrimidine - or a purine is substituted for a purine.
Transition mutation
Capacitation
Divergent evolution
B cell
10. A constant input to the arteries that keeps them somewhat constricted to maintain a basal level of blood pressure.
Labia
Placental villi
Heterotroph
Adrenergic tone
11. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA; the primary transcript made in eukaryotes before splicing.
Compact bone
Mechanoreceptors
hnRNA
Renal tubule
12. The region at the center of an A band of a sarcomere that is made up of myosin only. The H zone gets shorter (and may disappear) during muscle contraction.
Accessory glands
H zone
Growth hormone
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
13. The organ that carries out teh command sent along a particular motor neuron
Effector organ
Vestibular glands
Vaccination
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
14. The most common class of bone in the body - long bones have a well - defined shaft (the diaphysis) and two well - defined ends (the epiphyses).
Sertolli cells
Antigen (Ag)
Amino acid acceptor site
Long bone
15. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
hCG
Ectoderm
Plaque
Peptide hormone
16. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
MHC
Relative refractory period
Bacteriophage
Proprioreceptor
17. The main protease secreted by the pancreas; trypsin is activated (from trypsinogen) by enterokinase - and subsequently activates other pancreatic enzymes.
Exocrine gland
Chyme
T tubules
Trypsin
18. A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
Glucagon
Respiratory acidosis
Oxytocin
Transduction
19. Pain receptors. Nociceptors are found everywhere in the body except for the brain.
Tympanic membrane
Pepsin
Platelets
Nociceptors
20. A group of three enzymes that decarboxylates pyruvate - creating an acetyl group and carbon dioxide. The acetyl group is then attached to coenzyme A to produce acetyl - CoA - a substrate in the Krebs cycle. In the process - NAD+ is reduced to NADH. T
Primary spermatocytes
Lysozyme
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Spermatogonium
21. The movement of a hydrophobic molecule across the plasma membrane of cell - down its concentration gradient. Since the molecule can esialy interact with the lipid bilayer - no additional help (such as a channel or pore) is required.
Diaphragm
Renin
Anaphase I
Simple diffsuion
22. Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract - the alimentary canal is the long muscular 'tube' that includes the mouth esophagus - somatch - small intesitne - and large intestine.
Alimentary canal
Aminoacyl tRNA
Baroreceptor
Fibrinogen
23. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Fascicle
Dynein
Posterior pituitary gland
Endospore
24. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Complement system
ATP synthase
Ureters
Tight junction
25. The reactants in an enzyme - catalyzed reaction. Substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
Substrate(s)
Epinephrine
MHC
Liver
26. A phase in the cycle between mitosis and S phase (G1) or between S phase and mitosis (G2). During gap phases the cell undergoes normal activity and growth; G1 may include preparation for DNA replication and G2 includes preparation for mitosis. Note t
Gap phase
Vaccination
Proteins
tRNA loading
27. A rapid from of action potential conduction along the axon of a neuron in which the action potential appears to jump from nodde of Ranvier to node of Ranvier.
Collecting duct
Hepatic portal vein
Saltatory conduction
Sarcomere
28. Pairing of homologus chromosomes in a diploid cell - as occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
Synapsis
Lysogenic cycle
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Steroid hormone
29. The ability of tissues to regulate their own blood flow in the absence of neural stiulation. THis is generally accomplished via metabolic wastes (such as CO2) that act as vasodilators.
Local autoregulation
Partial pressure
Incomplete dominance
Peristalsis
30. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.
Carbohydrates
Insulin
Creatine Phosphate
hick filament
31. A clear fluid the circulates around through the brain and spinal cord that helps to physially support teh brain and act as a shock absorber - and taht also exchanges nutrients and wastes with teh brain and spinal cord.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Homeostasis
Summation
Microtubule
32. The reduced from (carries electrons) of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). this is the other main electron carrier in cellular respiration (NADH is the most common).
Basement membrane
Transmembrane domain
Urinary sphincter
FADH2
33. A form of evolution in which the same organism is placed into different environments with different selection pressures. This causes organisms to evolve differently - to diverge from their common ancestor. The resulting (new) species may share struct
Divergent evolution
Seondary active transport
Dense connective tissue
Cartilage
34. Also called DNA pol - this is the enzyme that replicates DNA. Eukaryotes have a single version of the enzyme - simply called DNA pol (not need to know much detail); prokaryotes have three versions - called DNA pol I - DNA pol II - and DNA pol III.
Interneuron
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Lytic cycle
DNA polymerase
35. The rapid mitotic division of a zygot that being within 24-36 hours after fertilization
Myometrium
Cleavage
Maternal inheritance
Desmosome
36. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Proliferative phase
Aminoacyl tRNA
Dorsal root ganglion
Milk letdown
37. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P
Prophase I
Accessory glands
Signal transduction
Proximal convoluted tubuel
38. Earlier embryonic ducts that can develop into femal internal genitalia in the absence of testosteron.
Mucocilliary escalator
Menopause
Intron
Mullerian ducts
39. One type of eukaryotic mRNA processing in which introns are removed from the primary transcript and exons are ligated together. SPlicing of transcripts can be different in different tissues.
Chorion
Splicing
Leak channel
Testes
40. The membranes that line the surface of the lungs (visceral pleura) and the inside wall of the chest cavity (parietal pleura).
Simple diffsuion
Pleura
Leukocyte
FADH2
41. A blood protein produced by the liver. Albumin helps to mantain blood osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
Albumin
Population
Active transport
Hypothalamus
42. The three small bones found in the middle ear (the malleus - the incus - and the stapes) that help to amplify the vibrations from sound waves. The malleus is atached to the tympanic membrane and the stapes is attached to the oval window of the cochle
Rule of multiplication
Ossicles
Thymine
Point mutation
43. The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
Myelin
Peptide bond
Pyloric sphincter
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
44. A digestive accessory organ near the liver. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver - and is stimulated to contrat by cholecystokin (CCK).
Ileum
Cilia
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Gallbladder
45. Movement that is directed by chemical gradients - such as nutrients or toxins. (seen in some bacteria)
Temporal summation
Chemotaxis
Antigen presenting cell
Nucleus
46. A thin (4 mm) layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the conscious mind - and is functionally divided into four pairs of lobes: the frontal lobes - the parietal lobes - the temporal lobes - and the occ
Goblet cells
Cerebral cortex
Acid hydrolases
Embryonic stage
47. A blood pressure cuff
Estrogen
Conjugation
Translation
Sphygmomanometer
48. A physiological catalyst. Enzymes are usually proteins - although some RNAs have catalytic activity.
Tonsils
Renal absorption
Primary active transport
Enzyme
49. The return of membrane potential to normal resting values after a depolarization of hyperpolarization.
Keratin
Repolarization
Endoderm
Gastrulation
50. The percentage of wholeblood made up of erythrocytes The typical hematocrit value is between 40-45%.
Spatial summation
Recombination frequency
Anaphase I
Hematocrit