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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.
Semicircular canals
Anaphase II
Osteocyte
Translation
2. A tRNA with an amino acid attached. This is made by an animoacyl - tRNA synthetase specific to the amino acid being attache.d
Anaphase II
Somatic nervous system
Medulla
Aminoacyl tRNA
3. The main protease secreted by the pancreas; trypsin is activated (from trypsinogen) by enterokinase - and subsequently activates other pancreatic enzymes.
Lysozyme
Thymus
Spermatogenesis
Trypsin
4. The maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions (such as temperature - pressure - ion balance - pH - etc.) regardless of external conditions.
Loop of Henle
Homeostasis
Acetyl - CoA
Afferent neuron
5. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Prophase II
Aldosterone
Placental villi
yngergist
6. A sac filled with fluid (aminotic fluid) that surroudns and protects a developing embryo.
Proteins
Ligand - gated ion channel
Aminion
Prophase I
7. The regino of the digestive tract where virtually al digestion and absorption occur. It is subdivided into three regions: the duodenum - the jejunum - and the ileum.
Actin
Small intestine
Fetal stage
Secondary oocyte
8. The principal mineralocorticoid secreted by teh adrenal cortex. This steroid hormone targets the kidney tubules and increases renal reabsorption of sodium [and excretion of potassium]. (this causes ADH to be secreted & increased water comes out - inc
cDNA
Vagal tone
Aldosterone
Androgens
9. A duodenal enzyme that activates trypsinogen (from the pancreas) to trypsin.
Enterokinase
Incomplete dominance
Ligand
Collagen
10. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.
Ciliary muscles
Nuclear localization sequence
Chemotaxis
Actin
11. A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus - often without conscious brain involvement.
Reflex arc
Basement membrane
Diffusion
Vagina
12. A green fluid made from cholesterol and secreted by teh liver. It is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Bile isn an amphipathic molecule that is secreted itno the small intestine when fats are present - adn serves to emulsify the fats for be
Embryonic stage
Diffusion
Bile
Gene
13. The outer layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the longitudinal muscle contracts the tube shortens.
Venous returns
Longitudinal muscle
Epitope
Epiphysis
14. A pigment produced by melanocytes in teh bottom cell layer of the epidermis. Melanin production is increased on sun exposure and helps prevent cllular damage due to UV radiation.
Melanin
Long bone
Vas deferens
Diaphysis
15. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.
Prokaryote
Lytic cycle
Testosterone
Symporter
16. The characteristics of amolecule that has both polar (hydrophilic) and non - polar hydrophobic) regions - e.g. phospholipids - bile - etc.
Organ of Corti
Saprophyte
Nucleotide
Amphipathic
17. The collection of fluid in the alveoli - particularly dangerous because it impedes gas exchange. Common causes of pulmonary edema are increased pulmonary blood pressure or infection of the respiratory system.
Pulmonary edema
Labor contractions
Chief cells
Zymogen
18. A neuron - to - neuron - neuron - to - organ - or muscle to cell - to - muscle cell junction.
Synapse
Interneuron
Dense connective tissue
Restriction endonuclease
19. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'fright or flight' system. It causes a genera increase in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to skeleltal muscle. It cau
Sympathic nervous system
Synaptic cleft
Lysozyme
Transversion mutation
20. A mutation caused by an insertion or deletion of base pairs in a gene sequence in DNA such that the reading frame of the gene (and thus teh amino acid sequence of the protein) is altered.
Convergent evolution
Gap phase
Anaphase I
Frameshift mutation
21. A non - protein - but organic - molecule (such as vitamin) that is covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the active site.
Long bone
hnRNA
Exclusion
Prosthetic group
22. The cells of the distal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are receptors that monitor filtrate osmolarity as a means of regulatin filtration rate. If a drop is osmolarity is sensed - the macula densa dilates the afferent arteriole (to incr
Macula densa
Active transport
Vitamin
Haploid organism
23. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Microtubule
Calcitonin
Spermatogenesis
Clathrin
24. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
Coenzyme
Determination
Placenta
Telophase II
25. A thin (4 mm) layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the conscious mind - and is functionally divided into four pairs of lobes: the frontal lobes - the parietal lobes - the temporal lobes - and the occ
Cerebral cortex
Proprioreceptor
Peptide bond
Reverse transcriptase
26. The mechanism of contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscl cells. It is a series of four repeated steps: (1) myosin binds actin - (2) myosin pull actin toward the center of the sarcomere (3) myosin releases actin - and (4) myosin resets to its high -
H zone
Vestibular glands
Endocrine gland
Siding filament theory
27. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.
Start site
Ectoderm
Ligament
Epidermis
28. A sensory receptor that responds to specific chemicals. Some examples are gustatory (taste) receptors - olfactory (smell) receptors - and central chemoreceptors (responds to pH changes in teh cerebrospinal fluid).
Large intestine
Coronary vessels
Aminion
Chemoreceptor
29. A clear area in a lawn of bacteria. Plaques represent an area where bacteria are lysing (dying) and usually caused by a lytic virus.
Plaque
Renin
Plasma cell
Gallbladder
30. Something that acts to oppose the action of something else. For example - muscles that move a join in oppoiste direction are said to be antagonists.
Myometrium
Lower esophageal sphincter
Antagonist
Implantation
31. The period of time following an action potential when it is possible - but difficult - for the neuron to fire a second action potential due to the fact that membrane is further from theshold potential (hyperpolarized).
Diastolic pressure
Fimbriae
Purine bases
Relative refractory period
32. One of the two small chambers in the heart that receive blood and pass it on to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from teh body through the superior and inferiro vena cavae - adn the left atrium receives oxygenated blood fr
Local autoregulation
Umbilical cord
Atrium
Carrier protein
33. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
Norepinephrine
Luteal phase
Iris
Glomerulus
34. The site(s) where the parental DNA double helix unwinds during replication.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Simple diffsuion
Seondary active transport
Relication fork(s)
35. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Parietal cells
Corpus luteum
Differentiation
Hepatic portal vein
36. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Endoderm ultimately forms internal structures - such as the inner lining of the GI tract and glandular organs.
Reduction
Endoderm
Bulbourethral galnds
Angiotensin
37. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of anoogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
Primary oocytes
Carrier protein
Zygote
Pleiotropic gene
38. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the Beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin targets cells in the body - especially the liver and muscle - and allows them to take glucose out of gthe blood (thus lowering blood glucose levels).
Insulin
Tendon
Reverse transcriptase
Multipolar neuron
39. An insulating layer of membranes wrapped around the axons of almost all neurons in the body. Myelin is essentially the plasma membranes of specialized cells; Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system - and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous
Resting membrane potential
Trachea
Myelin
Ligand
40. A bacterium that cannon survive on minimal medium (glucose alone) because it lacks the ability to syntheisze a molecule it needs to live (typically an amino acid). Auxotrphs must ave the needed substance (the auxiliary trophic substance) added to the
Obligate aerobe
Lawn
Exon
Auxotroph
41. A triat determined by a gen on either the X or Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes).
Sex- linked rait
Troponin
Lymph node
ATP synthase
42. An organism that makes its own - typically using CO2 as a carbon source.
Hyperpolarization
Afferent arteriole
Ion channel
Autotroph
43. The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This could ocur during anaphase I of meiosis (homologous chromosomes) [--> leaving 2 gametes w/ 2 copies and 2 gametes w/ no copies of chromosome] -
Nondisjunction
Frank Starling mechanism
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Lacunae
44. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Acinar cells
Medium
Electron transport chain
Postganglionic neuron
45. Something that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy for that reaction. The free energy of reaction remains unchanged.
Embryonic stage
Enzyme
Wolffian ducts
Catalyst
46. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Inspiration
Collecting duct
Hemostasis
Proximal convoluted tubuel
47. Unicellular exocrine glands found along the respiratory and digestive tracts taht secrete mucus.
Goblet cells
Central chemoreceptors
Seminal vesicles
Phagocytosis
48. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Origin of replication
Ion channel
Guanine
Diffusion
49. The unit of muscle contraction. Sarcomeres are bounded by Z lins - to which thin filaments attach. Thick filaments are found in the center of the sarcomere - overlapped by thin filaments over one another during contraction reduces the distance betwee
Sarcomere
Secretory phase
Midbrain
Vital capacity
50. The cell body of a neuron.
Blastocyst
Soma
Telophase I
Reflex arc
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