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MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Facultative anaerobe
Venous returns
Oval window
Prosthetic group
2. A molecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together. POlysaccharides are typically energy- storage molecules (glycogen in animals - starch in plants) or structural molecules (cellulose in plants - chitin in exoskeletons).
Lower esophageal sphincter
cDNA
Polysaccharides
ATP synthase
3. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.
Stop codon
Loose connective tissue
Tropomyosin
Myometrium
4. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus
Operon
A band
Plaque
Thymine
5. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
Rule of multiplication
Systolic pressure
Active site
Atrioventricular valves
6. A constant input to the arteries that keeps them somewhat constricted to maintain a basal level of blood pressure.
Replication
Allele
Adrenergic tone
Gastrulation
7. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Intercostal muscles
hCG
B cell
Collagen
8. A hormone produced and secreted by teh adrenal medulla that prolongs and increases teh effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Differentiation
Endocytosis
Splicing
Epinephrine
9. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Oxytocin
Universal acceptor
Epiphyseal plate
Ovulation
10. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Adenine
Interneuron
Granulosa cells
Lymphokine
11. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.
Ovary
Ciliary muscles
Prolactin
Centromere
12. General - non - specific protection to the body - including the skin (barrier) - gastric acid - phagocytes - lysozyme - and complement.
Synaptic cleft
Proliferative phase
Sex- linked rait
Innate immunity
13. The synthesis of blood cells (occurs in the red bone marrow)
Vas deferens
Postganglionic neuron
Hematopoiesis
Interleukin
14. The portion of theforebrain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Pancreas
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Primase
Diencephalon
15. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Carbohydrates
Microfilament
Voltage - gated ion channel
Rule of multiplication
16. A general cell junction - used primarily for adhesion.
Sympathic nervous system
Chemoreceptor
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Desmosome
17. A dense - hard type of bone constructed from osteons (at the microscopic level). Compact bone forms the diaphysis of the the long bones - and the outer shell of the epiphyses and all other bones.
Compact bone
Arousal
Downstream
Spatial summation
18. An abdominal organ that is considered part of the immune system. THe spleen has four functions: (1) it filters antigen from the blood (2) it is the site of B cell maturation - (3) it stors blood - and (4) it destroys old red blood cells.
Alimentary canal
Osmotic pressure
Spleen
Plaque
19. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Facilitated diffusion
Convergent evolution
Nucleosome
Large intestine
20. A thick muscular tube that connects the epididymis of the testes to the urethra. Muscular contractions of the vas deferns during ejaculation ehp propel the sperm outward. Severing of the vas deferens (vasectomy) results in sterility of the male.
Trypsin
Primase
Vas deferens
Gastrulation
21. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
Nuclear envelope
Anal sphincter
Emission
Corticosteroids
22. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is susbstituted for a pyrimidine - or a purine is substituted for a purine.
Universal acceptor
Pyloric sphincter
Transition mutation
Ureters
23. The rapid mitotic division of a zygot that being within 24-36 hours after fertilization
Reverse transcriptase
Nucleotide
Electron transport chain
Cleavage
24. The middle (approximtely 40%) of the small intestine.
Nodes of Ranvier
Obligate aerobe
Secondary spermatocytes
Jejunum
25. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
A site
Synapse
Lawn
Myofibril
26. Plasma with the clotting factors removed. Serum is often used in diagnostic tests because it does not clot.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Synapse
Electrical synapse
Serum
27. An organism that utilizes light as its primary energy source.
Phototroph
Pulmonary edema
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Ejection fraction
28. DNA replication in which each of the parental strands is read to make a complementary daughter strand - ethus each new DNa molecule is composed of half the parental molecule paired with a newly synthesized strand.
Compact bone
Semiconservative replication
Interstitial cell
Endoderm
29. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a discontinuous fashion - via Okazaki fragments that will ultimately be ligated together; the daugther strand that is replicated in the opposite direction that parallel DNA is unwinding
Yolk sac
Skeletal muscle
Lagging strand
Electrical synapse
30. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Oxidation
Cholesterol
Microfilament
Calcitonin
31. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Common bile duct
Endocrine system
Endospore
Sex- linked rait
32. A type of lymphocyte. The major subtypes of T cells are the helper T cells (CD4) and the killer T cells (CD8 - or cytotoxic T cells). Helper T cells secrete chemicals that help killer Ts and B cells proliferate. Killer T cells destroy abnormal self -
T cell
Osteocyte
Exclusion
Frank Starling mechanism
33. A protein complex foudn in the inner membrane of the mitochondira. It is essentially a channel that llows H+ ions to flow from teh intermembrane space to the matrix (down teh gradeint produced by the enyzmes complexes of the electron transport chain)
ATP synthase
Tropomyosin
Envelope
Ligament
34. Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal luid to help regulate ventilation rate.
Schwann cell
B cell
Central chemoreceptors
Accessory glands
35. A green fluid made from cholesterol and secreted by teh liver. It is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Bile isn an amphipathic molecule that is secreted itno the small intestine when fats are present - adn serves to emulsify the fats for be
Secondary oocyte
Coenzyme
Fascicle
Bile
36. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
Depolarization
Chymotrypsin
Single strand binding proteins
Fermentation
37. The first part of the large intestine.
Exclusion
Cecum
Ileum
Skeletal muscle
38. The blood vessels taht carry blood to and from cardiac muscle. The coronary arteries branch off teh aorta and carry oxygenated blood to the cardiac tissue. The coronary veins collect deoxygenated blood from teh cardiac tissue - merge to form teh coro
Coronary vessels
Implantation
Prophase
Telencephalon
39. A long - whip - like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated - and sperm are flagellated.
Primary bronchi
Supercoiling
Flagella
Antiporter
40. Haploid cells resulting from the first meiotic division of spermatogenesis. Secondary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis II.
Secondary spermatocytes
ATP synthase
Helicase
Troponin
41. A hormone made of amino acids (in some cases just a single - modified amino acid). Peptide hormones are generally hydrophilic and cannot cross the plasma membranes of cells - thus receptor for peptide hormones must be found on the cell surface. An ex
Peptide hormone
Hypothalamus
Nuclear pore
Menstruation
42. The depolarzation of the motor end plate on a muscle cell.
End plate potential
Pleiotropic gene
Renal absorption
Complement system
43. The valve that controls the release of feces from the recturm. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Cooperativity
Adrenal medulla
Corpus callosum
Anal sphincter
44. The modifaction of enzyme activity through interactino of molecules with specific sites on the enzyme other than the active site (called allosteric sites)
mRNA
Allosteric regulation
Oxytocin
Emission
45. The valve that controls the release of urine from the bladder. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Implantation
Urinary sphincter
Clathrin
Lag phase
46. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Nuclear envelope
Epistasis
Nucleosome
Afferent arteriole
47. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Corona radiata
Liver
Restriction endonuclease
Loop of Henle
48. A blood pressure cuff
Operator
Urinary sphincter
Alimentary canal
Sphygmomanometer
49. A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that tarets the mammary glands stimulating them to produce breastmilk.
Prolactin
Partial pressure
Hypophysis
Tight junction
50. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary vein
Homeostasis
Gap junction
Semilunar valves
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