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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The outermost layer of teh skin. The epidermis is made of epithelial tissue that is constantly dividing at the bottom; teh cells migrate to teh surface (dying along the way) to be sloughed off at the suface.
Pupil
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Graafian follicle
Epidermis
2. The exchange of DNA between paired homologus chromosomes (tetrads) during prophase I of meiosis.
Total lung capacity
Crossing over
Ribosome
Lymphocyte
3. A non - protein - but organic - molecule (such as vitamin) that is covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the active site.
Corona radiata
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Hemophilia
Prosthetic group
4. The set of adult characteristics that develop during puberty under the control of the sex steroids. In males the secondary sex characteristics include enlargement and maturation of the genitalia - growth of facial - body - and pubic hair - increased
Secondary sex characteristics
Accessory organs
Postganglionic neuron
Peristalsis
5. Small fragments of DNa produced on the lagging strand during DNa replication - joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.
Cardiac output
Graafian follicle
Testosterone
Okazaki fragments
6. The unit of combact bone - also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal - and is where blood vessels - nervs - and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down
Osteon
Osteoblast
Coenzyme
Juxtaglomerular cells.
7. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Common bile duct
Collagen
Reduction
Law of Segregation
8. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Sympathic nervous system
Total lung capacity
Parietal cells
Islets of Langerhans
9. A phagocytic - like bone cell that breaks down bone matrix to release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream.
Release factor
Osteoclast
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Gastrulation
10. The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell. At the NMJ - the muscle cel lmembrane is invaginated and the axon terminus is elongated so that a greater area of membrane can be depolarized at one time.
Neuromuscular junction
Allele
Peroxisome
Envelope
11. Mendels' first law. The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles of a given gene will be separate from one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Tonsils
Law of Segregation
Zymogen
Carbohydrates
12. A hydrophobic molecule - usually fomred from long hydrocarbon chains. The most common forms in which lipids are found in the body are as triglycerides (energy storage) - phospholipids (cell membranes) - and cholestero (cell membranes and steroid synt
Prophase I
Thin filament
Lipid
5' cap
13. A form of evolution in which the same organism is placed into different environments with different selection pressures. This causes organisms to evolve differently - to diverge from their common ancestor. The resulting (new) species may share struct
Pyrimidine bases
Epitope
Divergent evolution
Lagging strand
14. Muscle tissue that is attached to the bones. SKeletal muscle is striated multinucleate - and under voluntary control.
Skeletal muscle
Epinephrine
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Aminoacyl tRNA
15. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Fertilization
Hardy- Weinberg law
Genetic code
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
16. An organelle surrounded by a double=membrane (two lipid bilayers) where ATP production takes place. The interior (matrix) is where PDC and the Krebs cycle occur - and the inner membrane contains the enzymes of the electron trasport chain and ATP synt
Polysaccharides
Endocytosis
Mitochondrion
Mullerian ducts
17. The specialized cells of the heart that spontaneously initiate action potentials and transmit them to the cardiac muscle cells. The cells of the conduction system are essentially cardiac muscle cells - but lack the contractile fibers of the muscle ce
Lymph node
Cardiac conduction system
Artery
Alveoli
18. The duplication of DNA
Pharynx
Replication
5' cap
Phosphofructokinase
19. The specific site on an antigenic molecule that binds to a T cell receptor or to an antibody.
Gap junction
Epitope
Keratin
Sudoriferous gland
20. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Endocrine system
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Aorta
Optic disk
21. Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram - negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram - positive bacteria.
Primase
Gram - negative bacteria
Chief cells
Hemophilia
22. The membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear.
Oval window
Cerebellum
Activation energy (Ea)
FSH
23. A band of carilage (hyaline) found between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones during childhood and adolescence. Cell proliferation in the middle of the eiphyseal plate essentially forces teh diaphysis and epiphyses further apart - while the ol
Catalyst
Diaphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Transmembrane domain
24. A specific DNA nucleotide sequence where transcriptional regulatory proteins can bind.
Penetrance
Heterozygous
Operator
Interneuron
25. One of the two peripheral nervous system supporting (glial) cells. Schwann cells from he myelin sheath on axons of peripheral neurons.
Internodal tract
Zona pellucida
Schwann cell
Depolarization
26. The muscle tissue of the heart Cardiac muscle is striated - uninucleate - and under involuntary control (controlled by teh autonomic nervous system). Note also that cardiac muscle is self - stimulatory - and autonomic control serves only to modify th
Bacilus
Cardiac muscle
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Interstitial cell
27. Toward the 5' end of an Rna transcript (the 5' end of the DNA coding strand). The promoter and start sites are upstream.
Lower esophageal sphincter
Sclera
Upsteam
Systole
28. The portion of theforebrain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Periperal nervous system
Ovarian cycle
Diencephalon
Bacilus
29. A clear fluid the circulates around through the brain and spinal cord that helps to physially support teh brain and act as a shock absorber - and taht also exchanges nutrients and wastes with teh brain and spinal cord.
Osmosis
Guanine
Chemical synapse
Cerebrospinal fluid
30. The entropy (disorder) of the universe (or system) tends to increase.
Reflex arc
hnRNA
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Gray matter
31. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Intron
Aqueous humor
Peripheral resistance
Induction
32. The allele in a heterozygous genotype that is expressed; the phenotype resulting from either a heterozygous genotype or a homozygous dominant genotype.
Dominant
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Virus
Anaphase
33. The ends of a saromere.
Gonadotropins
Tidal volume
Z lines
Signal sequence
34. A bundle of skeletal muscle cells. Fascicles group together to form skeletal muscles.
Pupil
Fascicle
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Small intestine
35. The environment in which or upon Which bacteria grow. It typically contains a sugar source and any other nutrients that bacteria may require. 'Minimal medium' contain nothing but glucose.
Neuralation
Medium
Catalyst
Feedback inhibition
36. A globular protein that ssociated with tropomyosin as part of the thin filament of the sarcomere. Troponin binds Ca2+ - which causes the conformaiton change in tropomyosin required to expose the myosin - binding sites on actin and initiate muscle con
Centromere
Troponin
Proliferative phase
Exclusion
37. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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38. A duodenal enzyme that activates trypsinogen (from the pancreas) to trypsin.
rRNA
Tolerant anaerobe
Enterokinase
Auxotroph
39. Messenger RNA; the type of RNa that is read by a ribosome to synthesize protein.
mRNA
Envelope
Log phase
Centromere
40. A structure near the middle of eukaryotic chromosomes to which the fibers of the mitotic spindle attach during cell division.
Centromere
Fetal stage
Vaccination
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
41. A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane - bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi - plants and animals).
Sex- linked rait
Eukaryotic
Uterus
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
42. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Virus
hCG
Integral membrane protein
Stop codon
43. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.
Oxaloacetate
Fimbriae
DNA polymerase
Mitosis
44. The space between the inner and outer cell membranes in Gram - negative bactera. The peptidoglycan cell wall is found in the periplasmic space - and this space sometimes contains enzymes to degrade antibiotics.
Centriole
Renal absorption
Totipotent
Periplasmic space
45. Myelinated axons
Bohr effect
Active site
Mucocilliary escalator
White matter
46. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Productive cycle
Tonsils
Islets of Langerhans
Ceruminous gland
47. Also called thryoid hormone - thyroxine is produced and secreted by follicle cells in the thyroid gland. it targets all cells in the body and increases overall body metabolism.
Iris
Cerebrospinal fluid
Thyroxine
Parasite
48. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Synapsis
Gyrase
Endotoxin
Placenta
49. A statistical rule stating that the probability of two independent events occuring together is the product of their individual probabilities.
Interstitial cell
Uniporter
Rule of multiplication
Memory cell
50. The point during development at which a cell becomes committed to a particular fate (sensory - other - etc.). Note that the cell is not differentiated at this point; determination comes before differentiation. Determination can be due to cytoplasmic
Exocytosis
Pulmonary circulation
Theta replication
Determination