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MCAT Prep Biology

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA; the primary transcript made in eukaryotes before splicing.






2. One of the four basic tissue types in the body (epithelial - connective - muscle - and nervous). Connective tissue is a supportive tissue consisting of a relatively few cells scattered among a great deal of extracellular material (matrix) - and inclu






3. The layer of granulosa cells taht surround an oocyte after is has been ovulated.






4. The fusion of a sperm with an ovum during sexual reproduction. Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine tubes and requires capacitation of the sperm and relase of the acrosomal enzymes. Fertilization is a species - specific process - requiring b






5. Chemoreceptors in the upper nasal cavity that respond to odo chemicals.






6. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.






7. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.






8. The portion of the diencephalon involved in maintaining body homeostasis. the hypothalamus also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.






9. A red blood cell; they are filled with hemoglobin - and teh function of the erythrocytes is to carry oxygen in the blood.






10. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.






11. A period of time following an action potential during which no additional action potential can be evoked regardless of the level of stimulation. (usually because Na+ channel closed whle K+ efflux)






12. A mechanism by which the stroke volume of the heart is increased by increasing the venous return of the heart (thus stretching the ventricular muscle).






13. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






14. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.






15. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.






16. The middle (approximtely 40%) of the small intestine.






17. The portion of an integral membrane protein that passes through the lipid bilayer.






18. An integral membrane proteint hat binds extracellular signaling molecules - suchas hormones and peptides.






19. A waste product of protein dbreakdown - produced by the liver and relased into the bloodstream to be eliminated by the kidney.






20. A sac filled with fluid (aminotic fluid) that surroudns and protects a developing embryo.






21. The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles (during systole).






22. MRNA that codes forsingle type of protein - such as is found in eukaryotic cells.






23. The flow of blood through a tissue; ischeia is when there is no blood flow - anoxia when there is no O2 available (ischemia is more dangerous b/c of waste build - up)






24. The movement of air into the respiratory tract. Inspiration is an active process - requiring contraction of the diaphragm.






25. An immune organ located near the heart. THe thymus is the site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents.






26. The process by which neighboring cells can influence the determination (and subsequent differentiation) of a cell.






27. The tubes that carry urine from the kindeys to the bladder.






28. The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This could ocur during anaphase I of meiosis (homologous chromosomes) [--> leaving 2 gametes w/ 2 copies and 2 gametes w/ no copies of chromosome] -






29. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.






30. The birth canal; the stretchy - muscular passageway through which a baby exits the uterus during childbirth.






31. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.






32. The removal ( and usually the activation) of a viral genome from its host's genome.






33. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






34. Major Histocompatability complex - a set of proteins found on the plasma membranes of cells that help display antigen to T cells. MHC I is found on all cells and displays bits of proteins from within the cell; this allows T cells to monitor cell cont






35. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.






36. Aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA that are derived from purine. They have a double rightn structure and include adenine and guanine.






37. (1) The integration of input (EPSPs and IPSPs) from many presynaptic neruons by a single postsynaptic neuron - either temporaly or spatially. Summation of al input can either stimulate the postsynaptic neuron and possibly lead to an action potential






38. The duplication of DNA






39. DNA that is densely packed around histones. The genes in heterochromatin are generally inaccessible to enzymes and are turned off.






40. A mutation caused by an insertion or deletion of base pairs in a gene sequence in DNA such that the reading frame of the gene (and thus teh amino acid sequence of the protein) is altered.






41. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






42. The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion






43. A string of several hundred adenine nucletodies added to the 3' end of the eukaryotic mRNA.






44. A bacteria having a round shape (plural = cocci)






45. A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus - often without conscious brain involvement.






46. The structure in the cochlea of the inner ear made up of the basilar membrane - the auditory hair cells - and the tectorial membrane. The Organ of Corti is the site where auditory sensation is detected and transduced to action potentials.






47. The blood vessels taht carry blood to and from cardiac muscle. The coronary arteries branch off teh aorta and carry oxygenated blood to the cardiac tissue. The coronary veins collect deoxygenated blood from teh cardiac tissue - merge to form teh coro






48. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Endoderm ultimately forms internal structures - such as the inner lining of the GI tract and glandular organs.






49. The flow of blood from the heart - through the body (not including the lungs) - and back to the heart.






50. A group of nucleotides that does not specify a particular amino acid - but instead serves to notify the ribosome that the protein being translated is complete. The stop codons are UAA - UGA - and UAG. They are also known as nonsense codons.







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