SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle Progesterone maintains and enhances the uterine lining for the possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. It is the primary hormone secreted d
Fibrinogen
Symporter
Progesterone
Islets of Langerhans
2. An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells when blood pressure decreases. Renin onverts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Attachment
Nucleoside
Neuromuscular junction
Renin
3. An immune organ located near the heart. THe thymus is the site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents.
Ligament
Sebaceous gland
Antiparallel orientation
Thymus
4. A mechanism for increasing tension (contractile length) in a muscle by activating more motor units.
Phospholipid
Spermatogenesis
Purkinje fibers
Motor unit recruitment
5. The amount of energy required to produce the transition state of a chemical reaction. If the activation energy for a reaction is very high - the reaction occurs very slowly. Enzymes (and other catalysts) increase reaction rates by reducing activation
Osteocyte
Secondary sex characteristics
Tympanic membrane
Activation energy (Ea)
6. A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Oxytocin
Population
Luteal phase
Pepsin
7. A cell that produces bone.
Chemical synapse
Oxytocin
Osteoblast
Z lines
8. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Urethra
Frameshift mutation
Larynx
Transduction
9. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'fright or flight' system. It causes a genera increase in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to skeleltal muscle. It cau
Gap phase
Myometrium
Universal donor
Sympathic nervous system
10. A diploid cell that can undergo mitosis to form more spermatogonium - and can also be triggered to undergo meiosis to form sperm.
Meninges
Spermatogonium
Spatial summation
Cilia
11. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.
Exocytosis
Partial pressure
Silent mutation
Creatine Phosphate
12. Enzymes that degrade various macromolecules and that require an acidic pH to function properly. Acid hydrolases are found within the lysosomes of cells.
Eukaryotic
Granulosa cells
Perfusion
Acid hydrolases
13. Also known as the Bundle of His - this is the first portion of the cardiac conduction system - after the AV node.
Lipoprotein
Recombination frequency
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Vena cava
14. The relationship of muscle length to its ability to generate strong contractions. Maximum tension (contraction strength) is achieved at sarcomere lengths between 2.0 and 2.2 microns. Tension decreases outside of this range <-- remember.
Cleavage
Proteins
Length - tension relationship
Peripheral resistance
15. An enzyme that transcribes RNa. Prokaryotes have a single RNA pol - while eukaryotes have three; in eukaryotes - RNA pol I transcribes rRNA - RNA pol II transcribes mRNA - and RNA pol III transcribes tRNA.
Repolarization
White matter
RNA polymerase
Afferent arteriole
16. A tissue in which the cytoplasms of the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing the cells to function as a unit. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are examples of functional synctiums.
Functional synctium
Semiconservative replication
Histones
Choroid
17. An incrase in the fragility of the membranes of sperm cells when exposed to the female reproductive tract. Capacitation is required sot aht the acrosomal enzymes can be relased to faciliate fertilization.
Lipid
Complement system
Capacitation
Antibody (Ab)
18. The outermost layer of teh skin. The epidermis is made of epithelial tissue that is constantly dividing at the bottom; teh cells migrate to teh surface (dying along the way) to be sloughed off at the suface.
Motor unit recruitment
Epidermis
Ejaculation
Secondary spermatocytes
19. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Primary bronchi
Chemotroph
Common bile duct
Heterozygous
20. Sperm production; occurs in human males on a daily basis from puberty until death. Spermatogenesis results in the production of four mature gametes (sperm) from a single precursor cell (spermatogonium). For maximum sperm viability - spermatogenesis r
Log phase
Spermatogenesis
Thyroxine
Hypothalamus
21. The process of reading a strand of mRNA to synthesize protein. Protein translation takes place on a ribosome.
Dendrite
Operon
Nodes of Ranvier
Translation
22. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Semiconservative replication
Thin filament
Large intestine
Epithelial tissue
23. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Release factor
Anterioir pituitary gland
Diploid organism
Proprioreceptor
24. All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Spongy bone
Genome
Afferent arteriole
Cilia
25. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.
Ejaculation
Ion channel
Adenine
Ligament
26. Specif ic defense of the body by antibodies - secreted into the blood by B- cells.
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Nuclear localization sequence
Milk letdown
Humoral immunity
27. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA. Thymine is a pyrimidine; it pairs with adenine.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Thymine
Catalyst
Inflammation
28. A long projection off the cell body of a neruon down which an action potential can be propagated.
Axon
Gustatory receptors
Microfilament
Adenohypophis
29. The elimination of wastes from the body.
Excretion
Gap phase
Diastole
Long bone
30. A genetic cross between an organism displaying a recessive phenotype (homozygous recessive) and an organism displaying a dominant phenotype (for whic the genotype is unknown) - done to determine the unknown genotype.
Gustatory receptors
Zygote
Electron transport chain
Testcross
31. The inner region of an organ - e.g. - the renal medulla - the ovarian medulla - and the adrenal medulla - etc.
Glycolipid
Medulla
Stroke volume
Power stroke
32. An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the DNA strands in preparation for DNA replication.
Hemophilia
Peptide hormone
Secondary immune response
Helicase
33. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Medulla oblongata
Universal acceptor
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Pyrimidine bases
34. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Long bone
Sympathic nervous system
Interleukin
Renin
35. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Endometrium
Saprophyte
Anterioir pituitary gland
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
36. An alkaline - fructose - rich fluid produced by three different glands in the male reproductive tract and released during ejaculation. Semen is very nourishing for sperm.
Intercostal muscles
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Semen
Gyrase
37. A bacterium having a spiral shape (plural = spirochetes)
Spirochete
Primary immune response
Enteric nervous system
Gram - negative bacteria
38. The principal glucocorticoid secreted from teh adrenal cortex. This steroid hormone is released ruing stress - causing increased blood glucose levels and reducing inflammation. The latter effect has led to a clinical use of cortisol as an anti - infl
Goblet cells
Divergent evolution
Phagocytosis
Cortisol
39. A hormone produced and secreted by teh adrenal medulla that prolongs and increases teh effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Corpus callosum
Gametogenesis
Epinephrine
Ribosome
40. One of several different nutrietns that must be consumed in the diet - and generally not synthesized in the body. Vitamins can be hdyrophobic (fat - solube) or hydrophilic (water - soluble).
Vitamin
Polar body
Oogonium
Myoglobin
41. A pigment produced by melanocytes in teh bottom cell layer of the epidermis. Melanin production is increased on sun exposure and helps prevent cllular damage due to UV radiation.
cDNA
Thermoreceptor
Epistasis
Melanin
42. A version of a gene. For example - the gene may be for eye color - and the allels include those for brown eyes - those for blu e eyes - those green eyes - etc. At most - dploid organsims can posses only two alleles for a given gene - one on each of t
Allele
Complement system
Mitosis
Placenta
43. The structure in the cochlea of the inner ear made up of the basilar membrane - the auditory hair cells - and the tectorial membrane. The Organ of Corti is the site where auditory sensation is detected and transduced to action potentials.
Central Nervous System
Organ of Corti
Endotoxin
Allosteric regulation
44. A blood clot that forms in an unbrokened blood vessel. Thrombi are dangerous they can break free and begin travelin in the bloodstream (become an embolus). Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissue
Myosin
Thrombus
Efferent arteriole
Pulmonary vein
45. Early embryonic ducts that can develop into male internal genitalia under the proper stimulation (testosterone).
Operator
Single strand binding proteins
Nuclear envelope
Wolffian ducts
46. A strong connective tissue with varying degrees of flexibility. (1) Elastic cartilage is the most flexible - forming structures that reuqire support but also need to bend - such as the epiglottis and outer ear. (2) Hyaline cartilage is more rigid tha
Medulla
Cartilage
Na+/K+ ATPase
Supercoiling
47. Very small tube or channel - such as is found between lacunae (connecting them together) in compact bone.
Canaliculus
Okazaki fragments
Diencephalon
Ejaculation
48. A protein channel in the nuclear envelope that llows the free passage of molecules smaller than 60 kD.
Thyroxine
Peptide hormone
Nuclear pore
Gibbs free energy
49. A thick - gelatinous fluid found in the posterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the retina). The vireous humor is only produced during fetal development and helps maintain intraocular pressure (the pressure inside the eyeball).
Avascular
Seminal vesicles
Vitreous humor
Thymine
50. The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy - often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.
Active transport
Actin
Vagina
Interphase