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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Duodenum
Penetrance
Liver
Dendrite
2. A life cycle of animal viruses in which the mature viral particles bud from the host cell - acquiring an envelope (a coating of lipid bilayer) in the process.
rRNA
Productive cycle
Bowman's capsule
Repressible enzyme
3. The outer layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the longitudinal muscle contracts the tube shortens.
Autosome
Longitudinal muscle
Pleiotropic gene
Telophase
4. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
F1 generation
Basement membrane
Multipolar neuron
Collecting duct
5. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
Zona pellucida
Translation
Natural selection
Ossicles
6. An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells when blood pressure decreases. Renin onverts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Renin
Duodenum
Synapse
Amino acid acceptor site
7. A type of mutation in DNa where a single base is substituted for another.
Pleural pressure
Point mutation
Zymogen
Obligate aerobe
8. The three glands in the male reproductive system that reproduce semen: the seminal vesicles - the prostate - and the
Accessory glands
Thymine
Lysogenic cycle
Intercalcated discs
9. A nucleotide sequence on DNA that contians three elemtns: a coding sequence for one or more enzymes - *a coding sequence for a regulatory protein - and upstream regulatory sequences where the regulatory proteins can bind. An example is the lac operon
Placenta
Operon
Haploid organism
Allosteric regulation
10. Zygot - derived projections that extend into the endometrium of the uterus during pregnancy. Fetal capillaries grow into the placental villi - which are surrounded by a pool of maternal blood. THis facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mo
Ligase
Telencephalon
Placental villi
Labia
11. A hormone secreted by the samll intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of fats. It promotes release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas - and reduces stomach motility.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
F (fertility) factor
Primary oocytes
Lysozyme
12. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
Enteric nervous system
Sarcolemma
Posterior pituitary gland
Tidal volume
13. The flow of blood from the heart - through the body (not including the lungs) - and back to the heart.
Systemic circulation
Uracil
Epitope
Polysaccharides
14. The primary membrane lipid. Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule esterified to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate molecule. Additional - highly hyrohpilic groups are attached to the phosphate - making this molecule extremely amphipathic.
Phospholipid
Transversion mutation
Sclera
Second Law of Thermodynamics
15. The inner layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the circular muscle contracts - the tube diameter is reduced. Certain areas of the circular muscle are thickened to act as valves (sphincters).
Nuclear pore
Chorion
Circular smooth muscles
Vestibular glands
16. The first (approximately 5%) of the small intestinte.
Duodenum
Poycistronic mRNA
Intercostal muscles
Pupil
17. A generic connective tissue cell that produces fibers; the progenitor of all other connective tissue cell types.
Cardiac conduction system
Nuclear pore
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Fibroblast
18. The first portion of the nephron tubuel after the glomerulus. THe PCT is the site of most reabsorption; all filtered nutrients are reabsorbed here as well as most of the filtered water.
Nodes of Ranvier
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Obligate aerobe
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
19. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that respond to dim light and provide us with black and white vision.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Rods
F1 generation
G- protein linked receptor
20. A law of population genetics that states that the frequencies of alleles in a given gene pool do not change over time. There are five assumptions required for this law to hold true: there must be no mutation - there must be no migration - there must
Ribosome
Cerebrospinal fluid
Thyroxine
Hardy- Weinberg law
21. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Primary active transport
Hemostasis
Epitope
Lysogenic cycle
22. An insulating layer of membranes wrapped around the axons of almost all neurons in the body. Myelin is essentially the plasma membranes of specialized cells; Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system - and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous
Myelin
Basilar membrane
Polysaccharides
Hyperpolarization
23. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.
Diffusion
Secretin
Syncytium
Fimbriae
24. The law of conservation of energy; the energy of the universe is constant - thus if the energy of a system increases - the energy of its surroundings must decrease - and vice versa.
Resolution
Steroid hormone
Pleiotropic gene
First law of Thermodynamics
25. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Poycistronic mRNA
Ileocecal valve
Prokaryote
Centriole
26. The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to events in the ovary. The ovarian cycle has three subphases: the follicular phase - ovulation - and the luteal phase.
5' cap
Osmosis
Phospholipid
Ovarian cycle
27. The portion of the digestive tract that stores and grinds food. Limited digestion occurs in the somach - and it has the lowest pH in the body (1-2).
Oxidative phosphorylation
Stomach
Chemotroph
Outer ear
28. A hormone derived from cholesterol. Steroids are generally hydrophobic and can easily cross the plasma membrane of cells - thus receptors for steroids are found intracellularly. Once this steroid binds to its receptor - the receptor - steroid complex
Splicing
Steroid hormone
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Thymus
29. Complementary DNA. DNA produced synthetically by reverse trascribing mRNA. Because of eukaryotic mRNA splicing - cDNA contains no inrons.
Melanin
Fertilization
cDNA
Implantation
30. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Parasympathetic nervous system
Organogenesis
Carbonic anhydrase
Meiosis
31. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Transition mutation
Outer ear
Keratin
Estrogen
32. A bacterium that cannon survive on minimal medium (glucose alone) because it lacks the ability to syntheisze a molecule it needs to live (typically an amino acid). Auxotrphs must ave the needed substance (the auxiliary trophic substance) added to the
Obligate aerobe
Auxotroph
Gonadotropins
Fast block to polyspermy
33. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P
Neuralation
Genotype
Prophase I
Seminiferous tubules
34. The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Acinar cells
Substrate(s)
White matter
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
35. The most common class of bone in the body - long bones have a well - defined shaft (the diaphysis) and two well - defined ends (the epiphyses).
Long bone
Gametogenesis
Functional synctium
Uterine tubes
36. Muscle tissue that is attached to the bones. SKeletal muscle is striated multinucleate - and under voluntary control.
Loop of Henle
Cell surface receptor
Acid hydrolases
Skeletal muscle
37. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Interleukin
Anterioir pituitary gland
Genome
Restriction endonuclease
38. A gene appearing in a single copy in diploid organisms - e.g. X- linked genes in human males.
Elastin
Absolute refractory period
Proteins
Hemizygous gene
39. A protein that is associated with the plasma membrane of a cell - but that is not embedded in the lipid bilayer. Peripheral proteins typically associate with embedded proteins through hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions.
Nondisjunction
Epithelial tissue
Spirochete
Peripheral membrane protein
40. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Optic disk
Determination
Reflex arc
Repressor
41. The allele in a heterozygous genotype that is expressed; the phenotype resulting from either a heterozygous genotype or a homozygous dominant genotype.
Nonsense mutation
Bulbourethral galnds
Dominant
Resolution
42. The majority of the cells surrouding an oocyte in a follicle. Granulosa cells secrete estrogen during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle (before ovulation).
Spongy bone
Repressor
Tropic hormone
Granulosa cells
43. A gene that has effects on several different characteristics.
Cardiac muscle
Pleiotropic gene
Synapse
Emission
44. A structure near the middle of eukaryotic chromosomes to which the fibers of the mitotic spindle attach during cell division.
Centromere
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Excitation - contraction coupling
Chyme
45. One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Diploid organism
Goblet cells
Vena cava
Memory cell
46. Movement of a hydrophilic molecuel across the plasma membrane of a cell - down its concentration gradient - through a channel - pore - or carrier molecule in the membrane. Because the hydrophilic nature of the molecule - it requires a special path th
Facilitated diffusion
Artery
Anaphase II
Pupil
47. The tubes that carry urine from the kindeys to the bladder.
Histones
Cardiac output
Medulla
Ureters
48. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Vagina
Gonadotropins
Transduction
Filtration
49. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a discontinuous fashion - via Okazaki fragments that will ultimately be ligated together; the daugther strand that is replicated in the opposite direction that parallel DNA is unwinding
Renin
Synapse
Basilar membrane
Lagging strand
50. The inner epithelial lining of the uterus that thickens and develops during the menstrual cycle - into which a fertilized ovum can implant - and which sloughs off during menstration if a pregnancy does not occur.
Nucleoside
Hemizygous gene
Endometrium
Oxaloacetate
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