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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA (not that this a specific interaction). tRNa loading requires two high - energy phosphate bonds.
Neuromuscular junction
tRNA loading
Oncotic pressure
Ovulation
2. A type of substrate binding to a multi - active site enzyme - in which the bnidng of one substrate molecule facilitates teh binding of subsequent substrate molecules. A graph of reaction rate vs. substrate concentration appears sigmoidal. Noe that co
Fluid mosaic model
Mitosis
Large intestine
Cooperativity
3. Small paired gland found inferior to the prostate in males and at the posterior end of the penile urethra. They secrete an alkaline mucus on sexual arousal that helps toneutralize any traces of acidic urine the urethra that might be harmful to sperm.
T cell
Bulbourethral galnds
Restriction endonuclease
Nondisjunction
4. The liquid portion of blood; plasma contains water - ions - buffers - sugars - proteins - etc. Anything that dissolves in blood dissolves in the plasma portion.
Sarcomere
Vein
Plasma
Respiratory alkalosis
5. The ability of tissues to regulate their own blood flow in the absence of neural stiulation. THis is generally accomplished via metabolic wastes (such as CO2) that act as vasodilators.
Local autoregulation
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Serum
Linkage
6. The sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome that activates RNA polymerase so that transcription can take place. The promoter is found upstream of the start site - the location where transcription actually takes place.
Promoter
Depolarization
Spirochete
Motor unit
7. The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute (vol/min); the product of the stroke volume (vol/beat) and the heart rate (beat/min). Cardiac output is directly proportional to blood pressure**.
Summation
Cardiac output
Peptide bond
Penetration
8. The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
Corpus luteum
Pulmonary artery
Binary fission
Anabolism
9. A small cell with extremely little cytoplasm that results from the unequal cytoplasmic divsion of the primary (produces the first polar body) and the secondary (produces the second polary body) oocytes during meiosis (oogenesis). The polar bodies deg
First law of Thermodynamics
Gap junction
Amino acid acceptor site
Polar body
10. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Glycolipid
Humoral immunity
Peripheral resistance
Cornea
11. An enzyme whose transcription can be stopped by an abundance of its product (as opposed to inducible enzymes). Usually part of anabolism of product.
Humoral immunity
Repressible enzyme
Synaptic cleft
Smooth muscle
12. The first encounter with an antigen - resuling in activated B cells (antibody secretion) and T cells (cellular lysis and lymphocyte proliferation). The primary immune response takes approximately ten days - which long enough for symptoms of the infec
Primary immune response
Replication
Osteoblast
Splicing
13. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Ovary
Preganglionic neuron
Carrier protein
Sympathic nervous system
14. The flow of blood from the heart - through the body (not including the lungs) - and back to the heart.
Carbonic anhydrase
Basilar membrane
Hematocrit
Systemic circulation
15. A clump of gray matter (unmyelinated neuron cell bodies) found in the peripheral nervous system.
Cardiac conduction system
Ganglion
Periplasmic space
Acrosome
16. A version of a gene. For example - the gene may be for eye color - and the allels include those for brown eyes - those for blu e eyes - those green eyes - etc. At most - dploid organsims can posses only two alleles for a given gene - one on each of t
Allele
Ligament
Peptide bond
Lag phase
17. The division of the inner cell mass of a blastocyst (developing embryo) into the three primary germ layers. Gastrulation occurs during weeks 2-4 of gestation.
Fast block to polyspermy
Gastrulation
Genetic code
Graafian follicle
18. A function in the reproductive system - controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system - that includes erection (via dilation of erectile arteries) and lubrication.
Primary active transport
Secretory phase
Arousal
Small intestine
19. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.
Monosaccharide
Phenotype
Adrenergic tone
Cytosine
20. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Spatial summation
Skeletal muscle
Zymogen
Cytosine
21. Plasma with the clotting factors removed. Serum is often used in diagnostic tests because it does not clot.
Respiratory alkalosis
Serum
FADH2
Renal absorption
22. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.
Secondary oocyte
Labia
Hemophilia
Ciliary muscles
23. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Ion channel
Testosterone
Aqueous humor
Potassium leak channel
24. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
Epinephrine
Prophase I
Dynein
Loop of Henle
25. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Length - tension relationship
Tonsils
Efferent arteriole
Replication bubbles
26. A red blood cell; they are filled with hemoglobin - and teh function of the erythrocytes is to carry oxygen in the blood.
Chemotaxis
Erythrocyte
Nonsense mutation
Metaphase I
27. A mass of lymphatic tissue at the befenning of the large intestine that helps trap ingested pathogens.
Aqueous humor
Lymphokine
Appendix
Sarcomere
28. One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Diastolic pressure
Vena cava
Hydroxyapatite
Steroid hormone
29. A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart chambers. Arteries have muscular walls to regulate blood flow and are typically high - pressure vessles.
Follicle
Synapse
First law of Thermodynamics
Artery
30. A genotype in which two identical alleles are possessed for a given gene. The allelles can both be dominant (homozygous dominant) or both be recessive (homozygous recessive)
Epiphysis
Monocistronic mRNA
Homozygous
Secretory phase
31. The primary muscle of inspiration. The diaphragm is stimulated to contract at regular intervals by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata (via the phrenic nerve). Although it is made of skeletal muscle (and can therefore be voluntary control
Exon
Thyroxine
Diaphragm
Replication bubbles
32. The constant inhibition provided to the heart by the vagus nerve. Vagal tone reduces the intrinsic firing rate of teh SA node from 120 beats/minute to around 80 beats/minute.
Vagal tone
Glomerulus
Goblet cells
Renal absorption
33. The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Vitamin
Aldosterone
Cristae
Leak channel
34. Chemoreceptors in the upper nasal cavity that respond to odo chemicals.
Epidermis
Olfactory receptors
Endocrine gland
Missense mutation
35. An ion channel that is opened or closed based on the binding of a specific ligand to teh channel. Once opened - the channel allows the ion to cross the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient. An examples is the acetylcholine receptor
Nucleosome
Ectoderm
Implantation
Ligand - gated ion channel
36. Also known as the adenohypophysis - the anterior pituitary is made of gland tissue and makes and secretes six different homrones: FSH - LH - ACTH - prolactin - TSH - and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled b yreleasing and inhibiting
Implantation
Anterioir pituitary gland
Endoderm
Second messenger
37. The ends of a saromere.
Vital capacity
Z lines
Capsid
Endospore
38. Early embryonic ducts that can develop into male internal genitalia under the proper stimulation (testosterone).
Heterozygous
Wolffian ducts
Dorsal root ganglion
ATP synthase
39. The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles (during systole).
Oogonium
Systolic pressure
Troponin
Peripheral membrane protein
40. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Endometrial cycle
Portal systems
Microfilament
Temporal summation
41. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'resting and digesting' system. It causes a general decrease in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to the GI tract and d
Inner cell mass
Parasympathetic nervous system
Efferent arteriole
Pinocytosis
42. Pain receptors. Nociceptors are found everywhere in the body except for the brain.
Ureters
Pleura
Nociceptors
Gonadotropins
43. Anterior pituitary gland
Hexokinase
Diffusion
Adenohypophis
Anal sphincter
44. The inner layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the circular muscle contracts - the tube diameter is reduced. Certain areas of the circular muscle are thickened to act as valves (sphincters).
Capilary
Circular smooth muscles
Nuclear localization sequence
Lymphocyte
45. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Adrenergic tone
Sarcolemma
MHC
Loop of Henle
46. The portion of the cell membrane at the neuromusclar junction; essentially the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse.
Motor end plate
FADH2
Pharynx
Endometrial cycle
47. A green fluid made from cholesterol and secreted by teh liver. It is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Bile isn an amphipathic molecule that is secreted itno the small intestine when fats are present - adn serves to emulsify the fats for be
Nucleotide
Loose connective tissue
Purine bases
Bile
48. The 3D site of an enzyme where substrates (reactants) bind and a chemical reaction is facilitated.
Autosome
Bulbourethral galnds
Active site
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
49. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Canaliculus
End plate potential
Calcitonin
I band
50. The principal mineralocorticoid secreted by teh adrenal cortex. This steroid hormone targets the kidney tubules and increases renal reabsorption of sodium [and excretion of potassium]. (this causes ADH to be secreted & increased water comes out - inc
Aldosterone
Renal absorption
Homologous structures
Systolic pressure