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MCAT Prep Biology

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).






2. Also called simply - 'islet cells' these are the endocrine cells of the pancreas. Different cell types wihtin the inslets secrete insulin - glucagon - and somatostatin






3. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.






4. The membrane surrounding the DNA in eukaryotic cells made of two lipid bilayers.






5. The point during development at which a cell becomes committed to a particular fate (sensory - other - etc.). Note that the cell is not differentiated at this point; determination comes before differentiation. Determination can be due to cytoplasmic






6. An irritation of a tissue caused by infection or injury. Inflammation is characterized by four cardinal symptoms; redness (rubor) - swelling (tumor) - heat (calor) - and pain (dolor).






7. A kinase in smooth muscle cells activated by calmodulin the presence of Ca2+. As its name implies - this kinase phosphorylates myosin - activating it so that muscle contraction can occur.






8. The resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. Peripheral resistance increases if arteries constrict (diameter decreases) - and an increase in peripheral resistance leads t o an increase in blood pressure.






9. Unicellular exocrine glands found along the respiratory and digestive tracts taht secrete mucus.






10. A non - bony material that fills the hollow spaces inside bones. Red bone marrow is found in regiosn of spongy bone and is the site of blood cell (red and white) production. Yellow bone marrow is found in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones - is most






11. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; also a component of ATP - NADH - and FADH2. Adenine is apurine; it pairs with thymine (in DNA) and with uracil (in RNA)






12. The largest bundle of white matter (axons) connecting th two cerebral hemispheres.






13. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






14. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.






15. A looser - more porous type of bone tissue found at the inner core of the epiphyses in long bones and all other bone types. Spongy gone is filed with red bone marrow - important in blood cell formation.






16. Amino - acyl tRNA site; the site on a ribosome where a new amino acid is added to a growing peptide.






17. The middle (approximtely 40%) of the small intestine.






18. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.






19. The environment in which or upon Which bacteria grow. It typically contains a sugar source and any other nutrients that bacteria may require. 'Minimal medium' contain nothing but glucose.






20. A steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle Progesterone maintains and enhances the uterine lining for the possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. It is the primary hormone secreted d






21. A type of mutation in DNa where a single base is substituted for another.






22. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.






23. The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after filling them to their maximum level - typically about 4500 mL






24. Mal sex hormones. Testosteron is the primary androgen.






25. Zygot - derived projections that extend into the endometrium of the uterus during pregnancy. Fetal capillaries grow into the placental villi - which are surrounded by a pool of maternal blood. THis facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mo






26. Chemoreceptors on the tongue that respond to chemicals in a food.






27. An enzyme that polymerizes a strand of DNA by reading an RNA template (an RNA dependent DNa polymerase); used by retrovirus in order to integrate their genome with the host cell genome.






28. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






29. The process of bulidng complex structures out of simpler precursors - e.g. synthesizing protiens from amino acids.






30. Pain receptors. Nociceptors are found everywhere in the body except for the brain.






31. The stage of human development during which the organs are formed. Organogenesis begins after gastrulation and is completed by the eight week of gestation.






32. The movement of a substance from the filtrate (in the renal tuble) bak into the bloodstream. Reabsorption reduces the amount of a substance in the urine.






33. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.






34. Integration by a postsynaptic neuron of inputs (EPSPs and IPSPs) from multiple sources.






35. The pressure measured in the arteries while the ventricles are relaxed (during diastole).






36. Proteins that bind to and stabilize the signle strands of DNA exposed when helicase unwinds the double helix in preparation for replication.






37. Enzymes secreted by the mucosal cells lining the intestine. The brush border enzymes are disaccharides adn dipeptidases taht digest the smallest peptides and carbohydrates into their respective monomers.






38. A normal component of the outer membrane of Gram - negative bacteria. Endotoxins produce extreme immune reactions (septic shock) - particularly when many of them enter the circulation at once.






39. The birth canal; the stretchy - muscular passageway through which a baby exits the uterus during childbirth.






40. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'resting and digesting' system. It causes a general decrease in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to the GI tract and d






41. An organism that has two copies of its genome it each cell. The paired genomes are said to be homologous.






42. The specific molecule that binds to a receptor.






43. The set of adult characteristics that develop during puberty under the control of the sex steroids. In males the secondary sex characteristics include enlargement and maturation of the genitalia - growth of facial - body - and pubic hair - increased






44. A group of three nucleotides taht is specific for a particular amino acid - or that specifies 'stop translating'






45. The largest artery in teh body; the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart.






46. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.






47. The organ that carries out teh command sent along a particular motor neuron






48. The collection of fluid in the alveoli - particularly dangerous because it impedes gas exchange. Common causes of pulmonary edema are increased pulmonary blood pressure or infection of the respiratory system.






49. A form of symbiosis in Which both organisms involved benefit from the association.






50. A mass of lymphatic tissue at the befenning of the large intestine that helps trap ingested pathogens.







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