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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hormone released from the hypothalamus that triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Cervix
Replication
Portal systems
2. The function unit of the kidney. Each kidney has about a million nehprons; this is where blood filtration and subsequent modification of the filtrate occurs. The nephron empties into collecting ducts - which empty into the ureter.
Trophoblast
Ejaculation
Nephron
Adenohypophis
3. Also called transverse tubules - these are deep invaginations of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.
Purkinje fibers
T tubules
Urinary sphincter
Ileocecal valve
4. The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within teh Gi tract - and is linked to the central nervous system.
Gustatory receptors
Rule of addition
Formed elements
Enteric nervous system
5. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Conjugation
Heterozygous
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Gonadotropins
6. A virus with an RNA genome (e.g. HIV) that undergoes a lysogenic life cycle in a host with a double stranded DNA genome. In order to integrate its genome with the host cell genome - the virus must first reverse trasncribe its RNA genome to DNA.
Centriole
Hyperpolarization
Vein
Retrovirus
7. Cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter in between that of the microtubule and the microfilament. Intermediate filaments are composed of many different proteins and tend to play structural roles in cells.
Posterior pituitary gland
Stomach
Intermediate filaments
Ligase
8. A hormone secreted by the samll intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of fats. It promotes release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas - and reduces stomach motility.
Catalase
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Induction
Myofibril
9. The transfre by a lysogenic virus of a portion of a host cell genome to a new host.
Transduction
Carrier protein
Systolic pressure
Embryonic stage
10. The division of the peripheral nervous system that innervates and controls the skeletal muscles; also known as the voluntary nervous system.
RNA polymerase
Somatic nervous system
Gustatory receptors
Crossing over
11. Muscle tissue that is attached to the bones. SKeletal muscle is striated multinucleate - and under voluntary control.
Reflex arc
Skeletal muscle
Hemophilia
Ovulation
12. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Nucleosome
Organogenesis
Lysogenic cycle
Dendrite
13. An enzyme that transcribes RNa. Prokaryotes have a single RNA pol - while eukaryotes have three; in eukaryotes - RNA pol I transcribes rRNA - RNA pol II transcribes mRNA - and RNA pol III transcribes tRNA.
RNA polymerase
Penetration
Secondary immune response
Log phase
14. A protein channel in the nuclear envelope that llows the free passage of molecules smaller than 60 kD.
Nuclear pore
Aldosterone
Ribosome
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
15. A rapid from of action potential conduction along the axon of a neuron in which the action potential appears to jump from nodde of Ranvier to node of Ranvier.
Plasma
Pilus
Saltatory conduction
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
16. The sphincter that separates the final part of the small intestine (the ileum) from the fron part of the large intestine (the cecum). It is typically kept contracted (closed) so that chyme can remain in the small intestine as long as possible. The il
Power stroke
Euchromatin
Peripheral resistance
Ileocecal valve
17. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Bulbourethral galnds
Resolution
Pupil
Gonadotropins
18. A bacterium having a rod - like shaped (plural = bacilli).
Metaphase
Action potential
Bacilus
Bronchioles
19. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Zymogen
Z lines
Internodal tract
Uterus
20. Muscles located in between the ribs that play a role in ventilation.
Fetal stage
Chorion
Intercostal muscles
Chyme
21. A contractile protein. In skeletal and cardiac muscle - actin polymerizes (along with other proteins) to form the thin filaments. Actin is involved in many contractile activities - such as cyotkinesis - pseudopod formation - and muscle contraction.
Steroid hormone
Induction
Macula densa
Actin
22. A thin (4 mm) layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the conscious mind - and is functionally divided into four pairs of lobes: the frontal lobes - the parietal lobes - the temporal lobes - and the occ
Spatial summation
Cerebral cortex
Milk letdown
Medium
23. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Liver
mRNA
Relative refractory period
Chemical synapse
24. Mendel's seond law. States that genes found on different chromosomes - or genes found very far apart on the same chromosome (i.e. - unlinked genes) sort independently of one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Diffusion
Postganglionic neuron
Law of Independent Assortment
Mitochondrion
25. A cell surface receptor associated with an intracellular protein that binds and hydrolyzes GTP. When GTP is bound - the protein is active - and can regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclease; this modifies the intracellular levels of second messenger
G- protein linked receptor
Primary bronchi
Chondrocyte
Myoglobin
26. The formation of haploid gametes (sperm or ova) via meiosis.
Gametogenesis
Mullerian ducts
Stomach
Cerebellum
27. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time
Sister chromatid
Hypodermis
Lysosome
Fetal stage
28. Also called occluding junctions - tight junctions form a seal between cells that prevents the movement of substances across the cell layer - except by diffusion through the cell membranes themselves. Tight junctions are found between the epithelial c
Lag phase
Chromosome
Antigen presenting cell
Tight junction
29. The outermost layer of teh skin. The epidermis is made of epithelial tissue that is constantly dividing at the bottom; teh cells migrate to teh surface (dying along the way) to be sloughed off at the suface.
Fast block to polyspermy
Anabolism
Interphase
Epidermis
30. A skeletal muscle cell - also known as a muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle cells are formed from the fusion of many smaller cells (during development) consequently they are very long and are multinucleate.
Myofiber
Vagus nerves
Primary bronchi
Semen
31. The point during development at which a cell becomes committed to a particular fate (sensory - other - etc.). Note that the cell is not differentiated at this point; determination comes before differentiation. Determination can be due to cytoplasmic
Secondary immune response
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Determination
Embryonic stage
32. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Common bile duct
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Cortisol
Pharynx
33. An electrical potential established across the plasma membrane of all cells by the Na+/K+ ATPase and the K+ leak channels. In most cells - the resting membrane potential is approximately -70 mV with respect to the outside of the cell.
Resting membrane potential
Endotoxin
Osmotic pressure
Anterioir pituitary gland
34. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
Parietal cells
Krebs cycle
Secretion
Sudoriferous gland
35. The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles.
Stroke volume
Lysosome
Smooth muscle
Prophase
36. The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle - during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the controll of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Nuclear pore
Lytic cycle
Secretory phase
37. A bacteria having a round shape (plural = cocci)
Peripheral resistance
Coccus
Motor unit recruitment
Amphipathic
38. A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction.
Capacitation
Allosteric regulation
Tetrad
Zygote
39. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
Hfr bacterium
Corticosteroids
Ptyalin
Sudoriferous gland
40. The enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose -6- phosphate in the first step of glycolysis. This is one of the ain regulatory steps of this pathway. Hexokinase is feedback - inhibited by glucose -6- P.
Sarcolemma
Lymphocyte
Hexokinase
Atrioventricular (AV) node
41. The phase of the cell cycle during which the genome is replicated.
Depolarization
S phase
Supercoiling
Graafian follicle
42. A hormone derived from cholesterol. Steroids are generally hydrophobic and can easily cross the plasma membrane of cells - thus receptors for steroids are found intracellularly. Once this steroid binds to its receptor - the receptor - steroid complex
Expiration
Disaccharide
Steroid hormone
MHC
43. Cells that possess MHC II (B cells and macrophages) and are able to display bits of ingested antigen on their surface in order to activate T cells. See also 'MHC'
Luteal phase
Keratin
Antigen presenting cell
Osteon
44. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.
Systolic pressure
Lag phase
Krebs cycle
Secretin
45. A small cell with extremely little cytoplasm that results from the unequal cytoplasmic divsion of the primary (produces the first polar body) and the secondary (produces the second polary body) oocytes during meiosis (oogenesis). The polar bodies deg
Local autoregulation
Humoral immunity
Polar body
Preganglionic neuron
46. An enzyme whose transcription can be stimulated by an abundance of its substrate (as opposed to repressible enzyme). Usually in catabolism.
Inducible enzymes
Preganglionic neuron
Ejaculation
Convergent evolution
47. The primary membrane lipid. Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule esterified to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate molecule. Additional - highly hyrohpilic groups are attached to the phosphate - making this molecule extremely amphipathic.
Prophase I
Chondrocyte
Phospholipid
Ventricle
48. A sequence of amino acids (usually basic) that directs a protein to the nuclear envelope - where it is imported by a specific transport mechanism.
Centriole
Thrombus
Central Nervous System
Nuclear localization sequence
49. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
Oxidative phosphorylation
Dense connective tissue
Cross bridge
Inspiration
50. The combination of alleles of an organism carries. In a homozygous genotype - both alleles are the same - whereas in a heterozygous gentorype the alleles are different.
Thin filament
Z lines
Envelope
Genotype