SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A short sequence of amino aids - usually found at the N- terminus of a protein being translated - that directs the ribosome and its associated mRNa to the membranes of the rough ER where trasnlation will be completed. Signal sequences are found on me
Microtubule
Signal sequence
Pancreatic duct
Myometrium
2. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
Tight junction
Secretion
mRNA
Uterine tubes
3. Salivary amylase
Pinocytosis
Ptyalin
Chemotaxis
Transcription
4. Specialized tissue with a lot of space that can fill with blood upon proper stimulation - causing teh tissue to become firm. Erectile tissue is found in the penis - the clitoris - the labia - and the nipples.
Metaphase
Erectile tissue
Loose connective tissue
Oxaloacetate
5. A neuron - to - neuron - neuron - to - organ - or muscle to cell - to - muscle cell junction.
Spermatogenesis
Gene pool
Parasite
Synapse
6. Strong contractions of the uterus (stimulated by oxytoncin) that force a baby out of the mother's baby during childbirth. Labor contractions are part of a positive feedback cycle - during which the baby's head stretches the cervix - which stimulates
Ovarian cycle
Labor contractions
Vestibular glands
Potassium leak channel
7. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Gonadotropins
Wolffian ducts
Formed elements
B cell
8. The outer protein coat of a virus (the whole coat)
Capsid
Periperal nervous system
Enterokinase
Myometrium
9. The largest artery in teh body; the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart.
Loop of Henle
Insulin
Primary oocytes
Aorta
10. The portion of the brain responsible for visual and auditory startle reflexes.
Periplasmic space
Myofibril
Epitope
Midbrain
11. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Homozygous
Ceruminous gland
Parasympathetic nervous system
Coccus
12. DNA replication in prokaryotes - so named because as replication proceeds around the single - circular chromosome - it takes on the appearnce of the Greek letter theta.
Theta replication
Heterotroph
Corpus callosum
Telomere
13. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that responds to bright light and provide color vision.
Cones
Hemostasis
Vitreous humor
Repolarization
14. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
Telophase I
Kinase
Microtubule
Operon
15. High frequency of recombination bacterium An F+ bacterium that has the fertility factor integrated into its chromosome. When conjugation takes place - it is able to transfer not only the F factor - but also its genomic DNA.
Amino acid acceptor site
Hfr bacterium
Thin filament
Summation
16. The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after filling them to their maximum level - typically about 4500 mL
Small intestine
Vital capacity
Lymphokine
Ectoderm
17. An organism (such as a fungus) that feeds of dead plants and animals.
Saprophyte
Proteins
Labia
Frameshift mutation
18. The entropy (disorder) of the universe (or system) tends to increase.
B cell
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Labor contractions
Follicle
19. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Plasma cell
Tendon
Lipoprotein
Carbohydrates
20. The portion of the nephron tubule after the loop of Henle - but before teh collecting duct. Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably regulated reabsorption of water and sodium.
Distal convoluted tubule
Restriction endonuclease
Vaccination
Soma
21. The ability of tissues to regulate their own blood flow in the absence of neural stiulation. THis is generally accomplished via metabolic wastes (such as CO2) that act as vasodilators.
Local autoregulation
Operon
Chief cells
Renin
22. Haploid cells resulting from the first meiotic division of spermatogenesis. Secondary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis II.
Penetration
Gray matter
Stomach
Secondary spermatocytes
23. An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate - which are delivered to the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin an
Blastocyst
Peripheral membrane protein
Pancreas
Codon
24. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Cytosine is a pyrimidine; it pairs with guanine.
Inspiration
Cytosine
Microvilli
hnRNA
25. A cytoplasmic protein that binds to a stop codon where it appears in the A- site of the ribosome. Release factors modify the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome - such that a water molecule is added to the end of the completed protein. This
Leading strand
Urea
Release factor
Tight junction
26. Aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA that are derived from purine. They have a double rightn structure and include adenine and guanine.
Purine bases
Proprioreceptor
Trachea
Osmotic pressure
27. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization
Acrosome
Ligand - gated ion channel
Gray matter
Lipoprotein
28. A form of symbiosis in Which both organisms involved benefit from the association.
Spatial summation
Mutualism
Organ of Corti
Spermatogonium
29. An enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides. Amylase is secreted by salivary glands and by the pancreas.
Excretion
Amylase
mRNA
Facultative anaerobe
30. The flow of blood from the heart - through the body (not including the lungs) - and back to the heart.
Islets of Langerhans
Lower esophageal sphincter
Systemic circulation
Microvilli
31. A hydrophobic molecule - usually fomred from long hydrocarbon chains. The most common forms in which lipids are found in the body are as triglycerides (energy storage) - phospholipids (cell membranes) - and cholestero (cell membranes and steroid synt
Ventricle
Pharynx
Lipid
Nucleoside
32. An organelle surrounded by a double=membrane (two lipid bilayers) where ATP production takes place. The interior (matrix) is where PDC and the Krebs cycle occur - and the inner membrane contains the enzymes of the electron trasport chain and ATP synt
Secretin
Mitochondrion
Endometrium
Hemizygous gene
33. The third stage of cellular respiration - in which acetyl - CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to form citric acid. The citric acid is then decarboxylated twice and isomerized to recreate oxaloacetate. In the process - 3 molecules of NADH - 1 molecule
Passive transport
Bohr effect
Collagen
Krebs cycle
34. The enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose -6- phosphate in the first step of glycolysis. This is one of the ain regulatory steps of this pathway. Hexokinase is feedback - inhibited by glucose -6- P.
Bile
Hexokinase
Mucocilliary escalator
Phenotype
35. Complementary DNA. DNA produced synthetically by reverse trascribing mRNA. Because of eukaryotic mRNA splicing - cDNA contains no inrons.
Duodenum
Hypodermis
cDNA
Longitudinal muscle
36. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.
Homozygous
Law of Independent Assortment
Acinar cells
Plasmid
37. A set of veins that connect a capillary bed in the hypothalamus (the primary capillary plexus) with a capillary bed in the anterior pituitary gland (the secondary capillary bed). Releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus travel along the
Testosterone
Epiphyseal plate
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
tRNA loading
38. The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.
Spermatogonium
Hfr bacterium
Submucosa
Mechanoreceptors
39. Earlier embryonic ducts that can develop into femal internal genitalia in the absence of testosteron.
Mucocilliary escalator
Mullerian ducts
Motor unit recruitment
Channel protein
40. The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy - often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.
Active transport
Carbonic anhydrase
Organogenesis
Ligament
41. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Prophase I
Calcitonin
Pulmonary circulation
Seondary active transport
42. The depolarization of the egg plasma membrane upon fertilization - designed to prevent the entry of more than one sperm into the egg.
Oxidation
Differentiation
Sarcolemma
Fast block to polyspermy
43. The portion of the cell membrane at the neuromusclar junction; essentially the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse.
Norepinephrine
Vena cava
Motor end plate
Hardy- Weinberg law
44. A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
Erythropoietin
Voltage - gated ion channel
Euchromatin
Osteon
45. The percentage of wholeblood made up of erythrocytes The typical hematocrit value is between 40-45%.
Lytic cycle
FSH
Steroid hormone
Hematocrit
46. Genes that are inherited only from the mother - such as mitochondrial genes (all organelles come only from the ovum).
Cornea
Maternal inheritance
Rule of multiplication
rRNA
47. The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles.
Prophase
Genotype
Vas deferens
Lytic cycle
48. The connection of a mosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory).
Systolic pressure
Atrioventricular valves
Semen
Cross bridge
49. The monomer of a protein; amino acids hae an amio group on one end fo the molecule and a carboxylic acid group on the other - and of the of 2 different side chains.
Amino Acid
Internodal tract
Semicircular canals
Myofibril
50. The burrowing of a blastocyst (a developing embryo) into the endometrium of the uterus - typically occuring about a week after fertilizaiton.
Implantation
Ileocecal valve
Functional synctium
Mucocilliary escalator