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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two large chambers in the heart. The ventricles receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the lungs of the heart. The right ventricle has thing walls and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventri
Determination
Submucosa
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Ventricle
2. A general cell junction - used primarily for adhesion.
Desmosome
Albumin
Prokaryote
Tendon
3. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
Catalase
Mucosa
Macula densa
Lactic acid
4. A constant input to the arteries that keeps them somewhat constricted to maintain a basal level of blood pressure.
Baroreceptor
Placenta
Bohr effect
Adrenergic tone
5. A blood protein produced by the liver. Albumin helps to mantain blood osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
T cell
Albumin
Brush border enzymes
Mucocilliary escalator
6. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Corticosteroids
Catalyst
Sebaceous gland
7. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization
Lymphatic system
Acrosome
Cerebral cortex
Stomach
8. A rapid from of action potential conduction along the axon of a neuron in which the action potential appears to jump from nodde of Ranvier to node of Ranvier.
Coronary vessels
Prostate
Saltatory conduction
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
9. A point mutation in which a condon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a stop (nonsense) codon.
Enterogasterone
Prosthetic group
Nonsense mutation
Mechanoreceptors
10. A large - mature - ovarian follicel with a well - developed antrum and a secondary oocyte. Ovulation of the oocyte occurs from this type of follicle.
Graafian follicle
Homologous chromosomes
Nucleotide
Pancreas
11. The outer layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the longitudinal muscle contracts the tube shortens.
Peptidoglycan
Epididymis
Longitudinal muscle
Larynx
12. A type of lymphocyte. The major subtypes of T cells are the helper T cells (CD4) and the killer T cells (CD8 - or cytotoxic T cells). Helper T cells secrete chemicals that help killer Ts and B cells proliferate. Killer T cells destroy abnormal self -
Glomerulus
Prophase II
T cell
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
13. A blood clot that forms in an unbrokened blood vessel. Thrombi are dangerous they can break free and begin travelin in the bloodstream (become an embolus). Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissue
Thrombus
Expiration
Recombination frequency
Relication fork(s)
14. The removal ( and usually the activation) of a viral genome from its host's genome.
Anal sphincter
FSH
Pulmonary edema
Exclusion
15. A short period of time **prior to exponential growth of a bacterial population during which no - or very limited - cell division occurs.
Prophase II
Slow block to polyspermy
Lag phase
RNA polymerase
16. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Mitosis
FADH2
Operon
Prokaryote
17. A looser - more porous type of bone tissue found at the inner core of the epiphyses in long bones and all other bone types. Spongy gone is filed with red bone marrow - important in blood cell formation.
Histones
Epiphyseal plate
Spongy bone
Replication
18. Extremely small pseudo - cells in the blood - important for clotting. They are not true cells - but are broken - off bits of a larger cell (a megakaryocyte).
Semilunar valves
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Platelets
Euchromatin
19. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Zymogen
Villi
hick filament
Simple diffsuion
20. The primary muscle of inspiration. The diaphragm is stimulated to contract at regular intervals by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata (via the phrenic nerve). Although it is made of skeletal muscle (and can therefore be voluntary control
Gene pool
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Diaphragm
Atrioventricular valves
21. Sperm production; occurs in human males on a daily basis from puberty until death. Spermatogenesis results in the production of four mature gametes (sperm) from a single precursor cell (spermatogonium). For maximum sperm viability - spermatogenesis r
Spermatogenesis
Ceruminous gland
Smooth muscle
Polysaccharides
22. Integration by a postsynaptic neuron of inputs (EPSPs and IPSPs) from multiple sources.
Codon
Compact bone
Spatial summation
Vitamin
23. A function in the reproductive system - controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system - that includes erection (via dilation of erectile arteries) and lubrication.
Embryonic stage
Testes
Heterotroph
Arousal
24. A microscopic space between the axon of one neuron and the cell body or dendrites of a secon neruon - or between the axon of a neuron and an organ.
Spermatogonium
Allosteric regulation
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Synaptic cleft
25. A version of a gene. For example - the gene may be for eye color - and the allels include those for brown eyes - those for blu e eyes - those green eyes - etc. At most - dploid organsims can posses only two alleles for a given gene - one on each of t
Stroke volume
Allele
Total lung capacity
FADH2
26. An enzyme that polymerizes a strand of DNA by reading an RNA template (an RNA dependent DNa polymerase); used by retrovirus in order to integrate their genome with the host cell genome.
DNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
Sclera
Pleiotropic gene
27. A gene appearing in a single copy in diploid organisms - e.g. X- linked genes in human males.
Conjugation
Potassium leak channel
Auditory tube
Hemizygous gene
28. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Chorion
Artery
Collecting duct
Outer ear
29. All parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord.
Competitive inhibitor
Neuralation
Periperal nervous system
Translation
30. A nonliving - intracellular parasite. Viruses are typically just pieces of nucleic aid surrounded by a protein coat.
Spermatogonium
cDNA
Virus
Cytokinesis
31. A duodenal enzyme that activates trypsinogen (from the pancreas) to trypsin.
Zymogen
Secondary oocyte
Axon
Enterokinase
32. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Guanine
Thrombus
Coccus
Nephron
33. A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
Haploid organism
Uterine tubes
Respiratory acidosis
Axon
34. An enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides. Amylase is secreted by salivary glands and by the pancreas.
Amylase
Homozygous
Linkage
Dense connective tissue
35. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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36. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.
Active transport
Follicular phase
Second messenger
Lacunae
37. The period of exponential growth of bacterial population.
Lag phase
Testcross
Log phase
Sertolli cells
38. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy
Portal systems
Cooperativity
Analogous structures
Electron transport chain
39. The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction.
Rods
Myofibril
Hyperpolarization
Medulla
40. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.
Plasma cell
Plasmid
Bipolar neuron
Soma
41. A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that tarets the mammary glands stimulating them to produce breastmilk.
Vagal tone
Epidermis
Prolactin
Enterokinase
42. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that responds to bright light and provide color vision.
Pyloric sphincter
Secondary spermatocytes
Cones
F1 generation
43. The clear portion of the tough outer layer of teh eye ball - found over the iris and pupil
Antigen (Ag)
hnRNA
Cornea
Pleura
44. A type of white blood cell; leukocytes are either B or T cells and are involved in disease defense.
Leukocyte
Chymotrypsin
Repressor
Villi
45. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Endospore
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Peripheral resistance
Enteric nervous system
46. A methylated guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA. The cap is necessary to initiate translation of mRNA
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47. Also called transverse tubules - these are deep invaginations of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.
Tidal volume
Mesoderm
T tubules
Pancreatic duct
48. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Progesterone
Atrium
Noncompetitive inhibitor
hCG
49. An enzyme that transcribes RNa. Prokaryotes have a single RNA pol - while eukaryotes have three; in eukaryotes - RNA pol I transcribes rRNA - RNA pol II transcribes mRNA - and RNA pol III transcribes tRNA.
A site
RNA polymerase
Transduction
Recombination frequency
50. The formatino of the nervous system during weeks 5-8 of gestation. Neuralation begins when a section of the ectoderm invaginates and pinches off to form the neural groove - which ultimately forms the neural tube - From which the brain and spinal cord
Filtration
Bowman's capsule
Follicle
Neuralation