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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of anoogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
Calmodulin
Formed elements
Missense mutation
Primary oocytes
2. The primary muscle of inspiration. The diaphragm is stimulated to contract at regular intervals by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata (via the phrenic nerve). Although it is made of skeletal muscle (and can therefore be voluntary control
Diaphragm
urfactant
Organ of Corti
H zone
3. A single piece of double - stranded DNA; part of the genome of an organism. Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes and eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
Exclusion
Stop codon
Chromosome
Genotype
4. The organ that carries out teh command sent along a particular motor neuron
Hemoglobin
Effector organ
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Oxidation
5. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a discontinuous fashion - via Okazaki fragments that will ultimately be ligated together; the daugther strand that is replicated in the opposite direction that parallel DNA is unwinding
Amino acid acceptor site
Pancreatic duct
Lagging strand
Vas deferens
6. The division of the periperal nervsous system that innervates and cotnrols the visceral organs (everything but the skeletal muscles). It is also knowns as the involuntary nervous system and an be subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic di
Aldosterone
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Inhibin
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
7. One of the two peripheral nervous system supporting (glial) cells. Schwann cells from he myelin sheath on axons of peripheral neurons.
Schwann cell
Endometrium
Parasympathetic nervous system
Lysogenic cycle
8. A methylated guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA. The cap is necessary to initiate translation of mRNA
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9. The valves in the heart that separate the ventricles from the arteries. The pulmonary semilunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery - and the aortic semilunar valve separates left ventricle from the aorta. These valves close
Clathrin
Dermis
Semilunar valves
Lower esophageal sphincter
10. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the Beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin targets cells in the body - especially the liver and muscle - and allows them to take glucose out of gthe blood (thus lowering blood glucose levels).
Ileum
Innate immunity
Gustatory receptors
Insulin
11. A self - initiating action potential that occurs in the conduction system of the heart and triggers action potentials (and thus contraction) in the cardiac muscle cells Tee pacemaker potential is triggered by the regular - spontaneous depolarization
Tidal volume
A band
Synapsis
Pacemaker potential
12. The duplication of DNA
Cristae
Replication
Vaccination
Cerebrospinal fluid
13. An irritation of a tissue caused by infection or injury. Inflammation is characterized by four cardinal symptoms; redness (rubor) - swelling (tumor) - heat (calor) - and pain (dolor).
Hemophilia
Inflammation
Thecal cells
Missense mutation
14. One of the four aromatic bases found in RNA. Uracil is pyrimidine; it pairs with adnenine.
Luteal phase
Systole
Uracil
Vagina
15. The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient - since where solutes are concentrated - water i
Phenotype
Recessive
Plasma
Osmosis
16. The non - specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.
Diencephalon
Pinocytosis
Vagal tone
Ganglion
17. A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division of oogenesi (not that the cytoplasmic division in this case is unequal - producing one large cell with almost all of they cytoplasm - the secondary oocyte - and one smaller cell with virtually
Sebaceous gland
Uracil
Secondary oocyte
Cerebral cortex
18. The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.
Menstruation
Fermentation
Tolerant anaerobe
Submucosa
19. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
Tropomyosin
Orgasm
Basilar membrane
Intermediate filaments
20. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Urethra
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Activation energy (Ea)
Repressor
21. A junction between cells - consisting of a protein channel called a connexon on each of the two cells that connect to form a single channel between teh cytoplasms of both cells. Gap junctions allow small molecules to flow between teh cells - and are
Sympathic nervous system
Genetic code
Resolution
Gap junction
22. Earlier embryonic ducts that can develop into femal internal genitalia in the absence of testosteron.
Placental villi
Mullerian ducts
Uniporter
Golgi apparatus
23. The membranes that line the surface of the lungs (visceral pleura) and the inside wall of the chest cavity (parietal pleura).
Bone marrow
Testcross
Attachment
Pleura
24. A protein - digesting enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands. Pepsin is secreted in its inactive form (pepsinogen) and is activated by gastric acid. It is unusual in that its pH optimum is around 1-2; most of these enzymes in the bo
Pepsin
Venous returns
Milk letdown
Heterochromatin
25. Movement of a hydrophilic molecuel across the plasma membrane of a cell - down its concentration gradient - through a channel - pore - or carrier molecule in the membrane. Because the hydrophilic nature of the molecule - it requires a special path th
Facilitated diffusion
Syncytium
Prolactin
Myofiber
26. Sensory receptors found in the inner ear. Cochlear hair cells respond to vibration in the cochlea caused by sound waves and vestibular hair cells respond to changes in position and acceleration (used for balance).
Envelope
Vital capacity
Hair cells
Poly- A tail
27. The cellular elements of blood; erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets.
Osteon
Formed elements
Internodal tract
Gene pool
28. The white portion of teh tough outer layer of the eyeball
Aminoacyl tRNA
Uniporter
Sclera
Ureters
29. The enzymatic process of reading a strand of DNA to produce a complemenetary strand of RNA
Carbonic anhydrase
Acrosome
Transcription
hick filament
30. 'Yellow body.' The remnants of an ovarian follicle after ovulation has occurred. The cells enlarge and begin secreting progesterone - the dominant female hormone during the second half of the menstrual cycle. Some estrogen is also secreted.
Phagocytosis
Coccus
Corpus luteum
Hypodermis
31. The outer layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the longitudinal muscle contracts the tube shortens.
Portal systems
Downstream
Longitudinal muscle
Pacemaker potential
32. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.
Macrophage
Telencephalon
Absolute refractory period
Oxidation
33. The central structure of the diencephalon of the brain. the thalamus acts as a relay station and major integrating area for sensory impulses.
Thalamus
Ureters
Lactic acid
Mitosis
34. A function in the reproductive system - controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system - that includes erection (via dilation of erectile arteries) and lubrication.
Arousal
Chemoreceptor
Secondary immune response
Corona radiata
35. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.
Creatine Phosphate
Endometrium
Summation
Luteal phase
36. A localized change in a neruon's or musce cell's membrane potential that can propogate itself away from its point of origin. Action potentials are an all - or - none process mediated by the opening of voltage - gated Na+ and K+ channels when the memb
Posterior pituitary gland
Z lines
Chemical synapse
Action potential
37. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Auxotroph
Vitreous humor
Operon
Peristalsis
38. The portion of the cardiac conduction system between the SA node and the AV node.
Calcitonin
Prosthetic group
Zymogen
Internodal tract
39. The deliberate exposure of a person to an antigen in order to provoke the primary immune response and memory cell production. Typically the antigens are those normally associated with pathogens - thus if the live pathogen is encountered in the future
Bronchioles
Platelets
Feedback inhibition
Vaccination
40. The fraction of teh end - diastolic volume ejected from the ventricles in a single contraction of teh heart. THe ejection fraction is normally around 60% of the end diastolic volume.
Ejection fraction
Medium
Vitamin
Nonsense mutation
41. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Totipotent
Codon
Venous returns
Lymphokine
42. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Cerebral cortex
Cooperativity
Guanine
Avascular
43. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.
Interphase
Heterozygous
Rule of multiplication
Prokaryote
44. The reactants in an enzyme - catalyzed reaction. Substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
Hypothalamus
Loop of Henle
Centromere
Substrate(s)
45. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.
Lymphocyte
Prophase
Hemostasis
Coccus
46. The second phase of meiosis I. During metaphase I the paired homologous chromsomes (tetrads) align at the center of the cell (the metaphase plate).
Thrombus
Ion channel
Trachea
Metaphase I
47. Pain receptors. Nociceptors are found everywhere in the body except for the brain.
Resolution
Optic disk
Nonsense mutation
Nociceptors
48. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Aqueous humor
Mitochondrion
Adrenergic tone
Golgi apparatus
49. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; also a component of ATP - NADH - and FADH2. Adenine is apurine; it pairs with thymine (in DNA) and with uracil (in RNA)
Urinary sphincter
Albumin
Adenine
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
50. A statistical rule stating that the probability of either of two indpendent (and mutually exclusive) events ocuring is the sum of their individual probabilities minus the probability of them both occuring together.
Transmembrane domain
Restriction endonuclease
Calcitonin
Rule of addition