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MCAT Prep Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time
Recombination frequency
Preganglionic neuron
Fetal stage
Ovulation
2. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Endospore
Peptide hormone
Signal sequence
Osteocyte
3. The neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic division of the ANS at the postganglionic (organ - level ) synapse.
Thrombus
Diencephalon
Vaccination
Norepinephrine
4. A group of three nucleotides taht is specific for a particular amino acid - or that specifies 'stop translating'
Dominant
Endocytosis
Codon
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
5. A small gland encircling the male urethra just inferior to the bladder (only reproductive structure not paired). Its secretion contain nutrients and enzymes and account for approximately 35% of the ejaculate volume.
Hemophilia
Prostate
Secretion
rRNA
6. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
Bowman's capsule
Testcross
Tidal volume
Exotoxin
7. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.
Secretion
Dorsal root ganglion
Lacunae
Aminion
8. The reduced from (carries electrons) of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). this is the other main electron carrier in cellular respiration (NADH is the most common).
Gustatory receptors
Androgens
Gram - negative bacteria
FADH2
9. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the gonads. In females - FSH stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles (oogenesis) and secrete estrogen; in males - FSH stimulates spermatogenesis.
Ligament
Gram - positive bacteria
FSH
Intercostal muscles
10. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Aqueous humor
hick filament
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Conjugation
11. A smooth sustained muscle contraction - such as occurs in skeletal muscle when stimulation frequency is high enough (this is the normal type of contraction exhibited by skeletal muscle).
Acetyl - CoA
Lipoprotein
Tetanus
Mullerian ducts
12. The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that actually displays the phenotype associated with the genotype.
Filtration
Penetrance
Bronchioles
Reduction
13. An organelle bounded by a double membrane (double lipid bilayer) called the nuclear envelope. The nucleus contains the genome and is the site of replication and transcription.
Androgens
Replication bubbles
Nucleus
Lactic acid
14. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.
Resolution
Ligament
Partial pressure
Activation energy (Ea)
15. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Power stroke
Repressor
Melanin
Homozygous
16. Specif ic defense of the body by antibodies - secreted into the blood by B- cells.
Cholesterol
Humoral immunity
Olfactory receptors
Hyperpolarization
17. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
Bacilus
Lysozyme
Endometrial cycle
Fibrinogen
18. Small organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced as a byproduct of lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by way of the enzyme catalase.
Urethra
Prophase I
Peroxisome
White matter
19. A hormone derived from cholesterol. Steroids are generally hydrophobic and can easily cross the plasma membrane of cells - thus receptors for steroids are found intracellularly. Once this steroid binds to its receptor - the receptor - steroid complex
Catalyst
Keratin
Steroid hormone
Lysosome
20. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Systole
Phagocytosis
Temporal summation
Corticosteroids
21. A method of DNA protection utilized by prokaryotes in which their large circular chromosome is coiled upon itself.
Supercoiling
Chondrocyte
Totipotent
Power stroke
22. An enzyme inhibitor that competes with substrate for binding at the active site of teh enzyme. When the inhibitor is bound - no product can be made.
Hematopoiesis
Ribosome
Atrioventricular valves
Competitive inhibitor
23. A set of vessels in the body that runs alongside the vessels of the circulatory system. It is a one - way system - with lymphatic capillaries beginning at the tissues and ultimately emptying into the large veins near the heart. It serves to return ex
Lymphatic system
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Conjugation
Circular smooth muscles
24. The innermost layer of the eyeball. The retina is made up of a layer of photoreceptors - a layer of bipolar cells - and a layer of ganglion cells.
Retina
Optic disk
Cortex
Basilar membrane
25. The membrane surrounding the DNA in eukaryotic cells made of two lipid bilayers.
Poycistronic mRNA
Tight junction
Chorion
Nuclear envelope
26. The synthesis of blood cells (occurs in the red bone marrow)
Canaliculus
Accessory organs
Lagging strand
Hematopoiesis
27. Transfer RNA; the type of RNA that carries an amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing protein.
Intercostal muscles
Hypothalamus
tRNA
Amino Acid
28. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.
Atrioventricular valves
Ectoderm
Helicase
Pulmonary circulation
29. The curled structure in the inner ear that contains the membranes and hair cells that transduce sound waves into action potentials.
Cochlea
Canaliculus
Histones
Convergent evolution
30. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.
Symporter
Diploid organism
Sex- linked rait
Adrenergic tone
31. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.
Gonadotropins
Matrix
Plasmid
Spleen
32. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Formed elements
Placenta
T tubules
Nucleus
33. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.
Disaccharide
Chemotaxis
Myometrium
Slow block to polyspermy
34. To remove oxygen - to add hydrogen - or to add electrons to a molecule.
Amylase
Sertolli cells
Amino Acid
Reduction
35. The point during development at which a cell becomes committed to a particular fate (sensory - other - etc.). Note that the cell is not differentiated at this point; determination comes before differentiation. Determination can be due to cytoplasmic
Synapse
Primary spermatocytes
Incomplete dominance
Determination
36. Partially digested - semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.
Nucleoside
Excretion
Chyme
Interleukin
37. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Cristae
Estrogen
Vena cava
Juxtaglomerular cells.
38. Physical structures in two different organism that have funcitonal similarity due to their evoluntion in a common environment - but have different underlying structure. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution.
Vagus nerves
Cortisol
Analogous structures
Divergent evolution
39. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.
Edema
Ion channel
Coenzyme
Oxidation
40. The physical characterisitcs resulting from the genotype. Phenotypes are usually described as dominant or recessive.
Chylomicron
Lymphatic system
Oxidative phosphorylation
Phenotype
41. A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads) - detoxification (in liver cells) - and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells).
Sertolli cells
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Preganglionic neuron
IPSP
42. A version of a gene. For example - the gene may be for eye color - and the allels include those for brown eyes - those for blu e eyes - those green eyes - etc. At most - dploid organsims can posses only two alleles for a given gene - one on each of t
Mechanoreceptors
Purine bases
Allele
Troponin
43. Mendels' first law. The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles of a given gene will be separate from one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Cones
Law of Segregation
Graafian follicle
Vasa recta
44. General - non - specific protection to the body - including the skin (barrier) - gastric acid - phagocytes - lysozyme - and complement.
Innate immunity
Telomere
Edema
Proteins
45. A type of synapse at which a chemical (a neurotransmitter) is released from teh axon of a neuron into the ysnaptic cleft where it binds to receptors on the next structure in sequence - either another neuron or an organ.
Chemical synapse
F1 generation
Peptide hormone
Ileocecal valve
46. An enzyme whose transcription can be stimulated by an abundance of its substrate (as opposed to repressible enzyme). Usually in catabolism.
Seminiferous tubules
Theta replication
Inducible enzymes
Pancreas
47. A set of veins that connect a capillary bed in the hypothalamus (the primary capillary plexus) with a capillary bed in the anterior pituitary gland (the secondary capillary bed). Releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus travel along the
Euchromatin
Hyperpolarization
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Ion channel
48. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Ovary
Hemophilia
Pyrimidine bases
Nuclear pore
49. Multiple sites of replication found on large - linear eukaryotic linear eukaryotie chromosomes.
Theta replication
Replication bubbles
Gastrin
Telophase I
50. A genotype in which two different alleles are possessed for a given gene.
Uterine tubes
Corpus luteum
Filtration
Heterozygous
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