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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The portion of the digestive tract that stores and grinds food. Limited digestion occurs in the somach - and it has the lowest pH in the body (1-2).
Secondary sex characteristics
Exocytosis
Stomach
Osteon
2. The muscular femal organ - in which a baby develops during pregnancy.
Compact bone
Uterus
Edema
Complement system
3. Specialized tissue with a lot of space that can fill with blood upon proper stimulation - causing teh tissue to become firm. Erectile tissue is found in the penis - the clitoris - the labia - and the nipples.
Length - tension relationship
Erectile tissue
F (fertility) factor
Posterior pituitary gland
4. The first (approximately 5%) of the small intestinte.
Duodenum
Prokaryote
Spermatogenesis
Juxtaglomerular cells.
5. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Myelin
Efferent arteriole
Medulla
Matrix
6. Also known as the neurohyophysis - the posterior pituitary is made of nervous tisssue and stores and secretes two hormones made by the hypothlamus; oxtytocin and ADH. The posterior pituitary is controlled by action potentials from the hypothalamus.
Posterior pituitary gland
Nuclear envelope
Hemizygous gene
Glycolipid
7. The 'blind spot' of the eye - this is where the axons of the ganglion cells exist the retinal to form the optic nerve. There are no photoreceptors in the optic disk.
Optic disk
Internodal tract
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Intron
8. A molecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together. POlysaccharides are typically energy- storage molecules (glycogen in animals - starch in plants) or structural molecules (cellulose in plants - chitin in exoskeletons).
Phenotype
Submucosa
Aldosterone
Polysaccharides
9. The collection of fluid in the alveoli - particularly dangerous because it impedes gas exchange. Common causes of pulmonary edema are increased pulmonary blood pressure or infection of the respiratory system.
Appendix
Jejunum
Pulmonary edema
Operon
10. The majority of the cells surrouding an oocyte in a follicle. Granulosa cells secrete estrogen during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle (before ovulation).
Endoderm
Granulosa cells
Microtubule
Functional synctium
11. The uptake of material into a cell - usually by invagination. See also 'phagocytosis' - pinocytosis - and receptor - mediated endocytosis..
Endocytosis
Troponin
Splicing
Hair cells
12. The outermost layer of teh skin. The epidermis is made of epithelial tissue that is constantly dividing at the bottom; teh cells migrate to teh surface (dying along the way) to be sloughed off at the suface.
Epididymis
Spermatogonium
Gap junction
Epidermis
13. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Fermentation
Embryonic stage
Resolution
Antagonist
14. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Polyspermy
Glucagon
Lymphokine
Bipolar neuron
15. A nucleoside with one or more phosphate gropus attached. Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are the building blocks of RNA and are also used as energy molecules - especially ATP. Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA; in t
Afferent neuron
Nucleotide
Secondary immune response
Coenzyme
16. The constant inhibition provided to the heart by the vagus nerve. Vagal tone reduces the intrinsic firing rate of teh SA node from 120 beats/minute to around 80 beats/minute.
Glomerulus
Coronary vessels
Vagal tone
Edema
17. A small cell with extremely little cytoplasm that results from the unequal cytoplasmic divsion of the primary (produces the first polar body) and the secondary (produces the second polary body) oocytes during meiosis (oogenesis). The polar bodies deg
Tendon
Polar body
Retrovirus
Anabolism
18. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Absolute refractory period
Tidal volume
Voltage - gated ion channel
19. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
Matrix
Secretion
Parasympathetic nervous system
Bicarbonate
20. In the autonomic divison of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the CNS - and whose axon extends into the PNS to synapse with a second neuron at an autonoic ganglion. (The second neuron's axon synapses with the target axon)
Anticodon
Multipolar neuron
Longitudinal muscle
Preganglionic neuron
21. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Acinar cells
Hyperpolarization
Oxidative phosphorylation
Bacteriophage
22. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
Luteal phase
Sister chromatid
Chorion
Passive transport
23. The main duct of the pancreas. The pancreatic duct carries the exocrine secretions of the pancreas (enzymes and bicarbonate) to the small intestine (dueodenum).
Trachea
Large intestine
Nucleus
Pancreatic duct
24. The nerve extending from the back of teh eyeball to teh brain that carries visual information. The ptic nerve is made up of the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.
Optic nerve
Atrium
Macrophage
Conjugation
25. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Cornea
Neurotransmitter
NADH
Sarcolemma
26. Also called simply - 'islet cells' these are the endocrine cells of the pancreas. Different cell types wihtin the inslets secrete insulin - glucagon - and somatostatin
Crossing over
Medulla
Analogous structures
Islets of Langerhans
27. The primary male sex organ. The testes are suspended outside the body cavity in the scrotum and have two functions (1) produce sperm - and (2) secrete testosterone.
Oxidation
Anaphase II
Testes
Hemostasis
28. A hormone produced from vitamin D that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Calcitriol
Lag phase
Signal transduction
Pupil
29. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Vasa recta
Hfr bacterium
Carbohydrates
Ganglion
30. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.
Epinephrine
Mullerian ducts
Mutualism
Villi
31. A layer of collagen fibers that separates epithelial tissue from connective tisse (example of epithelial cells in digestive tract) - they are actual connective tissue.
Origin of replication
Lipoprotein
Basement membrane
Chromosome
32. A person with blood type AB+. Because this person's red blood cells possess all of the typical blood surface proteins - they will not display an immune reaction if transfused with any of the other blood types.
Universal acceptor
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Parasite
Organogenesis
33. The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after filling them to their maximum level - typically about 4500 mL
Vital capacity
Chemoreceptor
Urinary sphincter
End plate potential
34. A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Ovarian cycle
Incomplete dominance
Oxytocin
Inner cell mass
35. A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions.
Embryonic stage
Posterior pituitary gland
Endoderm
Antiporter
36. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
NADH
Passive transport
Fascicle
Keratin
37. A hormone made of amino acids (in some cases just a single - modified amino acid). Peptide hormones are generally hydrophilic and cannot cross the plasma membranes of cells - thus receptor for peptide hormones must be found on the cell surface. An ex
Vas deferens
Urinary sphincter
Peptide hormone
Secondary spermatocytes
38. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.
Chief cells
Creatine Phosphate
Dorsal root ganglion
Krebs cycle
39. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Trophoblast
Collecting duct
Progesterone
Lipoprotein
40. The first part of the large intestine.
Antigen presenting cell
Thin filament
Sex- linked rait
Cecum
41. An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells when blood pressure decreases. Renin onverts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Renin
Nucleosome
Telencephalon
Genome
42. The first phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle - during which the endometrium from the previous cycle is shed off. Estrogen and progesterone levels are low during this time period. Menstruation typically lasts from day 1 to day 5 of the cycle.
Menstruation
Phosphofructokinase
Operator
Systole
43. A protein that is associated with the plasma membrane of a cell - but that is not embedded in the lipid bilayer. Peripheral proteins typically associate with embedded proteins through hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions.
Metaphase I
Translation
Peripheral membrane protein
Memory cell
44. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Enterogasterone
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Actin
yngergist
45. The smalles of all blodo vessles - typically having a diamtere just large neough for blood cells to pass through in single file. Capillaries have extremelyu thin walls to faciliate the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues.
Gastrin
Antagonist
Capilary
Kinase
46. A four - subunit protein found in red blood cells that binds oxygen. Each subunit contains a heme group - a large multi - ring molecule with an iron atom at its center. One hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules in a cooperative manner.
Hemoglobin
Monocistronic mRNA
Cytosine
Macrophage
47. The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
A site
Edema
Pyloric sphincter
Ureters
48. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Skeletal muscle
Pyrimidine bases
Cardiac conduction system
Bronchioles
49. An activated B cell that is secreting antibody.
Prophase II
Eukaryotic
Secretion
Plasma cell
50. Transfer RNA; the type of RNA that carries an amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing protein.
Ligand - gated ion channel
Proteins
Lactic acid
tRNA