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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A neuron - to - neuron - neuron - to - organ - or muscle to cell - to - muscle cell junction.
Cooperativity
Autotroph
Synapse
Productive cycle
2. A hormone made of amino acids (in some cases just a single - modified amino acid). Peptide hormones are generally hydrophilic and cannot cross the plasma membranes of cells - thus receptor for peptide hormones must be found on the cell surface. An ex
Excretion
Peptide hormone
Zygote
Anal sphincter
3. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
Nuclear pore
Circular smooth muscles
Bulbourethral galnds
4. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Primary active transport
Centromere
Hemoglobin
Hemizygous gene
5. A long - coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.
Epididymis
End plate potential
Gap phase
Intercalcated discs
6. A flexible piece of cartilage in the larynx that flips downward to seal teh trachea during swallowing.
NADH
Repressible enzyme
Okazaki fragments
Epiglottis
7. Microscopic outward folds of the cells lining the small intestine; microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.
Anaphase II
Adenine
Microvilli
Transcription
8. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Prolactin
Cervix
Sarcolemma
Uracil
9. A sensory receptor that responds to hcanges in pressure; for example - there are baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aortic ach that monitor blood pressure.
Baroreceptor
Ligase
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
mRNA
10. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
Channel protein
Divergent evolution
Hepatic portal vein
Repolarization
11. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Oxytocin
Gonadotropins
Corpus luteum
Lymphocyte
12. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Gastrulation
Lipoprotein
Missense mutation
Proteins
13. The birth canal; the stretchy - muscular passageway through which a baby exits the uterus during childbirth.
Vagina
Pulmonary circulation
Epitope
Enterogasterone
14. The pressure measured in the arteries while the ventricles are relaxed (during diastole).
Diastolic pressure
Determination
Spirochete
Trachea
15. The most common class of bone in the body - long bones have a well - defined shaft (the diaphysis) and two well - defined ends (the epiphyses).
Long bone
Keratin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Prophase II
16. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Rule of addition
F (fertility) factor
Crossing over
Aqueous humor
17. A phase in the cycle between mitosis and S phase (G1) or between S phase and mitosis (G2). During gap phases the cell undergoes normal activity and growth; G1 may include preparation for DNA replication and G2 includes preparation for mitosis. Note t
Gap phase
Tetanus
Operator
Ion channel
18. A pigment produced by melanocytes in teh bottom cell layer of the epidermis. Melanin production is increased on sun exposure and helps prevent cllular damage due to UV radiation.
Melanin
Release factor
Posterior pituitary gland
Natural selection
19. A hormone produced and secreted by teh adrenal medulla that prolongs and increases teh effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Calcitriol
Epinephrine
Adenine
Oxidation
20. A thick - gelatinous fluid found in the posterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the retina). The vireous humor is only produced during fetal development and helps maintain intraocular pressure (the pressure inside the eyeball).
Vitreous humor
Connective tissue
Maternal inheritance
Feedback inhibition
21. A prokaryotic enzyme used to twist teh single circular chromosome of prokaryotes upon itself to form supercois. Supercoiling helps to compact prokaryotic DNa and make it sturdier.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Gyrase
Pancreatic duct
NADH
22. Also known as the neurohyophysis - the posterior pituitary is made of nervous tisssue and stores and secretes two hormones made by the hypothlamus; oxtytocin and ADH. The posterior pituitary is controlled by action potentials from the hypothalamus.
Guanine
Ciliary muscles
Posterior pituitary gland
Incomplete dominance
23. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Phospholipid
Sphygmomanometer
Proliferative phase
Carbohydrates
24. The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles.
Prophase
Nondisjunction
Nucleoside
Central chemoreceptors
25. Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
Resting membrane potential
Exocytosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Transversion mutation
26. The space between the inner and outer cell membranes in Gram - negative bactera. The peptidoglycan cell wall is found in the periplasmic space - and this space sometimes contains enzymes to degrade antibiotics.
Stomach
Periplasmic space
Canaliculus
F1 generation
27. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Endoderm ultimately forms internal structures - such as the inner lining of the GI tract and glandular organs.
Lumen
Endoderm
Formed elements
Functional synctium
28. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization
Lawn
Acrosome
Kinase
Population
29. Chemoreceptors in the upper nasal cavity that respond to odo chemicals.
Olfactory receptors
Wolffian ducts
Excitation - contraction coupling
Hemizygous gene
30. A genotype in which two different alleles are possessed for a given gene.
Heterozygous
Mutualism
Fermentation
Nuclear envelope
31. A stack of membranes found near the rough ER in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the secretory pathway. The Golgi is involved in protein glycosylation (and other protein modification) and sorting and packagin proteins.
Lipoprotein
Anal sphincter
Golgi apparatus
Heterozygous
32. A type of lipoprotein; the form in which absorbed fats from the intestines are transported to the circulatory system.
Chylomicron
Semen
Memory cell
Recessive
33. The relationship of muscle length to its ability to generate strong contractions. Maximum tension (contraction strength) is achieved at sarcomere lengths between 2.0 and 2.2 microns. Tension decreases outside of this range <-- remember.
Length - tension relationship
Hemizygous gene
Population
Troponin
34. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Mesoderm ultimately forms 'middle' structures such as bones - muscles - blood vessels - heart - kindeys - etc.
Mesoderm
Frameshift mutation
Theta replication
Uterus
35. A bacterial enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA nucleotide sequence and that cuts the double helix at a specific site within the sequence.
Vein
Sarcolemma
Restriction endonuclease
Phosphofructokinase
36. The reactants in an enzyme - catalyzed reaction. Substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
Diffusion
White matter
Gallbladder
Substrate(s)
37. The regino of the digestive tract where virtually al digestion and absorption occur. It is subdivided into three regions: the duodenum - the jejunum - and the ileum.
Interphase
Bronchioles
mRNA
Small intestine
38. A duodenal enzyme that activates trypsinogen (from the pancreas) to trypsin.
Cristae
Bulbourethral galnds
Enterokinase
Peripheral resistance
39. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Venous returns
Activation energy (Ea)
Crossing over
hick filament
40. Toward the 5' end of an Rna transcript (the 5' end of the DNA coding strand). The promoter and start sites are upstream.
Upsteam
Calmodulin
Edema
Endometrium
41. A set of vessels in the body that runs alongside the vessels of the circulatory system. It is a one - way system - with lymphatic capillaries beginning at the tissues and ultimately emptying into the large veins near the heart. It serves to return ex
Transcription
Tropic hormone
Bulbourethral galnds
Lymphatic system
42. The constant inhibition provided to the heart by the vagus nerve. Vagal tone reduces the intrinsic firing rate of teh SA node from 120 beats/minute to around 80 beats/minute.
Osteoclast
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Vagal tone
Systolic pressure
43. (1) In the GI tract - organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal. These include the liver - the gallbladder - the pancreas - adn the salivary glands.
Gram - positive bacteria
Semicircular canals
Autosome
Accessory organs
44. Enzymes secreted by the mucosal cells lining the intestine. The brush border enzymes are disaccharides adn dipeptidases taht digest the smallest peptides and carbohydrates into their respective monomers.
Nuclear localization sequence
Brush border enzymes
Rule of multiplication
Retinal
45. A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
T tubules
Gray matter
Dynein
Erythropoietin
46. A mature - dormant osteoblast.
Basilar membrane
Secretion
Point mutation
Osteocyte
47. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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48. Complementary DNA. DNA produced synthetically by reverse trascribing mRNA. Because of eukaryotic mRNA splicing - cDNA contains no inrons.
Ganglion
Emission
Vitreous humor
cDNA
49. The fourth (and final) phase of mitosis. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms - chromosomes decondense - and the mitotic spindle is disassembled.
Bulbourethral galnds
Telophase
Epiphysis
Mutualism
50. A sensory receptor that responds to specific chemicals. Some examples are gustatory (taste) receptors - olfactory (smell) receptors - and central chemoreceptors (responds to pH changes in teh cerebrospinal fluid).
Chemoreceptor
Sister chromatid
Enterogasterone
Endometrial cycle