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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An abdominal organ that is considered part of the immune system. THe spleen has four functions: (1) it filters antigen from the blood (2) it is the site of B cell maturation - (3) it stors blood - and (4) it destroys old red blood cells.
Restriction endonuclease
Telophase
Virus
Spleen
2. The primary membrane lipid. Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule esterified to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate molecule. Additional - highly hyrohpilic groups are attached to the phosphate - making this molecule extremely amphipathic.
Hematopoiesis
Semilunar valves
Phospholipid
Bile
3. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.
Villi
Diencephalon
Melanin
FADH2
4. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the thyroid gland - stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormone.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Fibroblast
Wolffian ducts
Optic nerve
5. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
First law of Thermodynamics
Zona pellucida
Epididymis
Transmembrane domain
6. A clear area in a lawn of bacteria. Plaques represent an area where bacteria are lysing (dying) and usually caused by a lytic virus.
Gallbladder
Plaque
Alimentary canal
Fibrinogen
7. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; also a component of ATP - NADH - and FADH2. Adenine is apurine; it pairs with thymine (in DNA) and with uracil (in RNA)
Stroke volume
Islets of Langerhans
Stop codon
Adenine
8. A pigmented membrane found just in from the lens of the eye. In the center of iris is the pupil - a hole through which light enters the eyeball. The iris regulates the diameter of the pupil in response to the brightness of light.
Iris
Transcription
Efferent arteriole
Ovarian cycle
9. One of the contractie proteins in muscle tissue. In skeletal and cardiac muscles - myosin forms the thick filaments. Myosin has intrinsic ATPase activity and can exist in two conformation - either high energy or low energy.
Platelets
Integral membrane protein
Myosin
Mullerian ducts
10. The specific site on an antigenic molecule that binds to a T cell receptor or to an antibody.
Cytosine
Intermediate filaments
Epitope
Binary fission
11. A bacterium that cannon survive on minimal medium (glucose alone) because it lacks the ability to syntheisze a molecule it needs to live (typically an amino acid). Auxotrphs must ave the needed substance (the auxiliary trophic substance) added to the
Appendix
Hepatic portal vein
Convergent evolution
Auxotroph
12. The regino of the digestive tract where virtually al digestion and absorption occur. It is subdivided into three regions: the duodenum - the jejunum - and the ileum.
Small intestine
Resting membrane potential
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Central canal
13. A hormone secreted by the samll intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of fats. It promotes release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas - and reduces stomach motility.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Microtubule
Glucagon
Orgasm
14. A subsequent immune response to previously encountered antigen that results in antibody production and T cell activation. The secondary immune response is mediated by memory cells (produced during the primary immune respone) and is much faster and st
Creatine Phosphate
Thymine
Secondary oocyte
Secondary immune response
15. Genes that are inherited only from the mother - such as mitochondrial genes (all organelles come only from the ovum).
Maternal inheritance
Alimentary canal
Norepinephrine
Amino Acid
16. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Epitope
Oxaloacetate
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Adrenergic tone
17. One type of eukaryotic mRNA processing in which introns are removed from the primary transcript and exons are ligated together. SPlicing of transcripts can be different in different tissues.
Splicing
Actin
Fascicle
Guanine
18. The synthesis of blood cells (occurs in the red bone marrow)
Hematocrit
Hematopoiesis
Secondary oocyte
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
19. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Chymotrypsin
Diencephalon
Telencephalon
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
20. The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary artery
Systole
Ovarian cycle
Corpus luteum
21. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
Transition mutation
Lipoprotein
Auxotroph
22. The tube that connects the middle ear acity with the pharynx; also known as the Eustachian tube. Its fucntion is to equalize midle ear pressure with atmospheric pressure so that pressure on boths sides of the tympanic membrane is the same.
Auditory tube
RNA polymerase
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Supercoiling
23. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Ectoderm ultimately forms external structures such as the skin - hair - nails - and inner linings of the mouth and anus - as well as the entire nervous system.
Ectoderm
Coccus
Anaphase
Mucosa
24. A skeletal muscle cell - also known as a muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle cells are formed from the fusion of many smaller cells (during development) consequently they are very long and are multinucleate.
Sudoriferous gland
Villi
Myofiber
Anaphase I
25. Unmyelinated neuron cell bodies and short unmyelinated axons.
Parietal cells
Gray matter
Nephron
Signal transduction
26. Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall - and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
Collecting duct
Thecal cells
Gram - positive bacteria
Fibroblast
27. One of two large chambers in the heart. The ventricles receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the lungs of the heart. The right ventricle has thing walls and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventri
Blastocyst
Hepatic portal vein
Ventricle
Conjugation
28. The membrane that separate the outer ear from the middle ear. The tympanic membrane is also known as the eardrum.
Tympanic membrane
Proprioreceptor
Retina
Acrosome
29. A hormone produced and secreted by teh adrenal medulla that prolongs and increases teh effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Epinephrine
Adrenergic tone
S phase
Enzyme
30. HCO3-. THis ion results from the dissociation of carbonic acid - together wiht carbonic acid forms the the major blood buffer system. Bicarbonate is also secreted by teh pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the intestines.
Plaque
Primase
Autotroph
Bicarbonate
31. The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles.
Matrix
Hypodermis
Telomere
Prophase
32. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
Dense connective tissue
Zymogen
Basilar membrane
Adipocyte
33. A stack of membranes found near the rough ER in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the secretory pathway. The Golgi is involved in protein glycosylation (and other protein modification) and sorting and packagin proteins.
Golgi apparatus
Morula
Active site
T cell
34. A version of a gene. For example - the gene may be for eye color - and the allels include those for brown eyes - those for blu e eyes - those green eyes - etc. At most - dploid organsims can posses only two alleles for a given gene - one on each of t
Humoral immunity
Allele
Ureters
Sphincter of Oddi
35. A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
Respiratory acidosis
Productive cycle
Efferent arteriole
Midbrain
36. The resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. Peripheral resistance increases if arteries constrict (diameter decreases) - and an increase in peripheral resistance leads t o an increase in blood pressure.
Ossicles
Peripheral resistance
Theta replication
Kinase
37. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
Phagocytosis
Active site
Edema
Lactic acid
38. A pigment produced by melanocytes in teh bottom cell layer of the epidermis. Melanin production is increased on sun exposure and helps prevent cllular damage due to UV radiation.
Melanin
Diastole
Jejunum
Sex- linked rait
39. A long - coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
Epididymis
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Restriction endonuclease
40. A type of lymphocyte. The major subtypes of T cells are the helper T cells (CD4) and the killer T cells (CD8 - or cytotoxic T cells). Helper T cells secrete chemicals that help killer Ts and B cells proliferate. Killer T cells destroy abnormal self -
Ciliary muscles
T cell
Euchromatin
Bacilus
41. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Capilary
Cholesterol
Angiotensin
Ceruminous gland
42. The innermost layer of the eyeball. The retina is made up of a layer of photoreceptors - a layer of bipolar cells - and a layer of ganglion cells.
Retina
IPSP
Coronary vessels
Pyrimidine bases
43. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.
Simple diffsuion
First law of Thermodynamics
Anterioir pituitary gland
Pilus
44. A molecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together. POlysaccharides are typically energy- storage molecules (glycogen in animals - starch in plants) or structural molecules (cellulose in plants - chitin in exoskeletons).
Accessory organs
Polysaccharides
Secretin
Passive transport
45. The fourth (and final) phase of mitosis. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms - chromosomes decondense - and the mitotic spindle is disassembled.
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Peroxisome
Telophase
Noncompetitive inhibitor
46. An enzyme inhibitor that competes with substrate for binding at the active site of teh enzyme. When the inhibitor is bound - no product can be made.
Antibody (Ab)
Metaphase
Competitive inhibitor
Synaptic cleft
47. The secon phase of mitosis. During metaphase chromosomes align at the center of the ell (the metaphase plate).
Lacunae
Metaphase
Telophase II
Glomerulus
48. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a continuous fasion; the daughter strand that is replicated in thes aem direction that parental DNA is unwinding.
Lactic acid
Leading strand
Eukaryotic
Pancreatic duct
49. Plasma with the clotting factors removed. Serum is often used in diagnostic tests because it does not clot.
Serum
Labia
Recessive
Fermentation
50. Early embryonic ducts that can develop into male internal genitalia under the proper stimulation (testosterone).
Fascicle
Wolffian ducts
Prostate
RNA polymerase
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