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MCAT Prep Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A long - coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.
Downstream
Distal convoluted tubule
Allosteric regulation
Epididymis
2. An enzyme that cuts one or both strands of DNa to relieve the excess tension caused by the unwinding of the helix by helicase during replication.
Hfr bacterium
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Topoisomerase
Sudoriferous gland
3. A set of veins that connect a capillary bed in the hypothalamus (the primary capillary plexus) with a capillary bed in the anterior pituitary gland (the secondary capillary bed). Releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus travel along the
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Thyroxine
Hypophysis
Corticosteroids
4. A projection of the cell body of a neuron that recieves a nerve impulse form a different neuron and send the impulse to the cell body. Neurons can have one or several dendrites!
Interphase
Capilary
Dendrite
Induction
5. Also called falopian tubes - these tubes extend laterally from their side of the uterus and serve as a passageway for the ocyte to travel from the ovary to the uterus. This is also the normal site of fertilization. Severing of the uterine tubes (tuba
Active site
Oxytocin
Uterine tubes
Purkinje fibers
6. An integral protein that selectively allows molecules across the plasma membrane. See also entries under 'ion channel' - 'voltage - gated channel' - and 'ligand - gated channel'.
Channel protein
Ileum
Obligate aerobe
Slow block to polyspermy
7. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential; a slight hyperpolarization of the postysynaptic cell - moving the membrane potential of that cell further from threshold.
Heterozygous
Phagocytosis
Exocrine gland
IPSP
8. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Exon
Centromere
Osmosis
Sebaceous gland
9. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
cDNA
Exon
Interleukin
Oval window
10. A long projection off the cell body of a neruon down which an action potential can be propagated.
Urinary sphincter
Axon
Hypophysis
Heterotroph
11. (1) The integration of input (EPSPs and IPSPs) from many presynaptic neruons by a single postsynaptic neuron - either temporaly or spatially. Summation of al input can either stimulate the postsynaptic neuron and possibly lead to an action potential
Granulosa cells
ATP synthase
Summation
Frameshift mutation
12. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).
Corticosteroids
Total lung capacity
Microfilament
Inflammation
13. The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute (vol/min); the product of the stroke volume (vol/beat) and the heart rate (beat/min). Cardiac output is directly proportional to blood pressure**.
Prosthetic group
Envelope
Cardiac output
Cartilage
14. The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Tetanus
Peristalsis
Expiration
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
15. A hormone produced from vitamin D that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Facilitated diffusion
Tolerant anaerobe
Calcitriol
Spirochete
16. Earlier embryonic ducts that can develop into femal internal genitalia in the absence of testosteron.
Divergent evolution
Internodal tract
Semiconservative replication
Mullerian ducts
17. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Reflex arc
Basement membrane
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Gene
18. A large multinucleate cell - typically formed by the fusion of many smaller cells during development (e.g. a skeletal muscle cell) - or formed by nuclear division in the absence of cellular division.
Primary immune response
Stomach
Syncytium
Fetal stage
19. A group of three enzymes that decarboxylates pyruvate - creating an acetyl group and carbon dioxide. The acetyl group is then attached to coenzyme A to produce acetyl - CoA - a substrate in the Krebs cycle. In the process - NAD+ is reduced to NADH. T
Outer ear
Lumen
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Tendon
20. A contact point between the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is involved in regulating blood pressure.
Milk letdown
Poly- A tail
Bowman's capsule
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
21. The non - specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.
Plasmid
Frameshift mutation
Meninges
Pinocytosis
22. A situation in which a heterozygot displays a blended version of the pheotypes associated with each allele - e.g. pure - breeding white - flowered plants crossed with pure - breeding red - flowered plants produces heterozygous offspring plants with p
Incomplete dominance
Secondary sex characteristics
Partial pressure
Elastin
23. A bacteria having a round shape (plural = cocci)
Endocrine gland
Coccus
Nucleus
Exocrine gland
24. The physical characterisitcs resulting from the genotype. Phenotypes are usually described as dominant or recessive.
Phenotype
Syncytium
Nuclear pore
Cones
25. A triat determined by a gen on either the X or Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes).
Hemoglobin
Cortisol
Kinase
Sex- linked rait
26. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Auditory tube
Synaptic cleft
Placenta
Haploid organism
27. The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
Homologous structures
F (fertility) factor
Pyloric sphincter
Proprioreceptor
28. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Central Nervous System
Nuclear pore
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Anterioir pituitary gland
29. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
Blastocyst
Chitin
Appendix
Glomerulus
30. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
F (fertility) factor
Cross bridge
Adenohypophis
Prostate
31. An incrase in the fragility of the membranes of sperm cells when exposed to the female reproductive tract. Capacitation is required sot aht the acrosomal enzymes can be relased to faciliate fertilization.
Spleen
Menstruation
Capacitation
Umbilical cord
32. The process by which neighboring cells can influence the determination (and subsequent differentiation) of a cell.
Exocrine gland
Canaliculus
Diploid organism
Induction
33. Lacking a blood supply; cartialge is an example of this
Artery
Fermentation
Avascular
Potassium leak channel
34. Microscopic outward folds of the cells lining the small intestine; microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Collagen
Lysosome
Microvilli
35. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
Leukocyte
Proteins
Seminiferous tubules
Homologous chromosomes
36. The muscuar layer of the uterus. The myometrium is made of smooth muscles that retains its ability to divide in order to accomodate the massive size increases that occur during pregnancy. The myometrium is stimulated to contract during labor by the h
Corona radiata
Myometrium
Corpus luteum
Stroke volume
37. The inner region of the adrenal gland. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous systme - and releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine into the blood when stimuated. These hormones augment and prolon the effects of sympatheti
Exocytosis
Avascular
Adrenal medulla
Afferent arteriole
38. The valve that controls the release of urine from the bladder. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Hemostasis
Hypodermis
Umbilical cord
Urinary sphincter
39. A sweat gland located in the dermis of the skin. Sweat consists of water and ions (including Na+ and urea) and is secreted with temperatures rise.
Sudoriferous gland
Calcitriol
Sertolli cells
Electron transport chain
40. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Endosymbitoic theory
Primary active transport
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Adenohypophis
41. An organism that cannot make its own food - and thus must ingest other organisms.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Albumin
Heterotroph
Appendix
42. The largest artery in teh body; the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart.
Amino Acid
Lactic acid
Aorta
Attachment
43. A nucleotide sequence in RNA that contains protein - coding information. Exons are typically separated by introns (intervening sequences) that are spliced out prior to translation.
Thecal cells
Semen
Exon
Telophase
44. An **organic molecuel taht associates non - covalently with an enzyme - and that is required for the proper functioning of the enzyme.
Ligand
Liver
Peptidoglycan
Coenzyme
45. The membranes that line the surface of the lungs (visceral pleura) and the inside wall of the chest cavity (parietal pleura).
Testosterone
Pleura
Ribosome
Medulla
46. The final section (approximately 55%) of the small intestine.
Ileum
Adrenergic tone
Actin
Vaccination
47. A eukaryotic organelle filled with digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) that is involved in digestion of macromolecules such as worng organelles or material ingested by phagocytosis.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Testcross
Law of Independent Assortment
Lysosome
48. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Estrogen
Vagina
Nucleosome
Chemotaxis
49. An intracellular chemical signal (such as cAMP ) that relays instructions from the cell surface to enzymes in the cytosol.
Bulbourethral galnds
Second messenger
Telencephalon
Flagella
50. An ion channel that is constitutively open - allowing the movement of teh ion across the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient.
Leak channel
Macula densa
Vitamin
Tetrad
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