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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
B cell
Estrogen
Sebaceous gland
2. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Implantation
Telophase
Epithelial tissue
Parietal cells
3. The valve that controls the release of urine from the bladder. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Trophoblast
Urinary sphincter
Power stroke
Nuclear localization sequence
4. A red blood cell; they are filled with hemoglobin - and teh function of the erythrocytes is to carry oxygen in the blood.
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Ejection fraction
Renal absorption
Erythrocyte
5. Something that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy for that reaction. The free energy of reaction remains unchanged.
Hfr bacterium
Haploid organism
Jejunum
Catalyst
6. An ion channel that is opened or closed based on the binding of a specific ligand to teh channel. Once opened - the channel allows the ion to cross the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient. An examples is the acetylcholine receptor
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Tight junction
hick filament
Ligand - gated ion channel
7. An enzyme that lyses bacterial cell walls. Lysozyme is produced in the end stages of the lytic cycle so that new viral particles can escape their hosst; it is also found in human tears and human saliva.
Calmodulin
Lysozyme
Chitin
Resolution
8. An incrase in the fragility of the membranes of sperm cells when exposed to the female reproductive tract. Capacitation is required sot aht the acrosomal enzymes can be relased to faciliate fertilization.
Epidermis
Capacitation
Trachea
Gray matter
9. The step in the sliding filament theory during which yosin undergoes a conformaitonal change to its low energy state - in the process dragging the thin filaments (and the attached Z lines) toward the center fo the sarcomere. NOte that power stroke re
Retinal
Endocytosis
Power stroke
Thymus
10. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a new codon that specifies the same amion acid.
G- protein linked receptor
Tolerant anaerobe
yngergist
Silent mutation
11. A virus with an RNA genome (e.g. HIV) that undergoes a lysogenic life cycle in a host with a double stranded DNA genome. In order to integrate its genome with the host cell genome - the virus must first reverse trasncribe its RNA genome to DNA.
Myofiber
Calcitonin
Retrovirus
Angiotensin
12. An activated B cell that is secreting antibody.
Avascular
Plasma cell
Endospore
Anabolism
13. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
Angiotensin
Sudoriferous gland
T cell
Vagal tone
14. The energy in a system that can be used to drive chemical reactions. If the change in free energy of a reaction (Delta G - the free energy of the products minus the free energy of the energy of the reactants) is negative - the reaction will occur spo
Totipotent
Theta replication
Sarcolemma
Gibbs free energy
15. The regino of the digestive tract where virtually al digestion and absorption occur. It is subdivided into three regions: the duodenum - the jejunum - and the ileum.
Medulla
Smooth muscle
ATP synthase
Small intestine
16. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.
Homozygous
Renal absorption
Pilus
Endotoxin
17. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.
Ptyalin
Vas deferens
Pleiotropic gene
Pulmonary circulation
18. A bacteria having a round shape (plural = cocci)
Preganglionic neuron
Adrenergic tone
Thrombus
Coccus
19. Movement of a hydrophilic molecuel across the plasma membrane of a cell - down its concentration gradient - through a channel - pore - or carrier molecule in the membrane. Because the hydrophilic nature of the molecule - it requires a special path th
Dense connective tissue
Cofactor
Peptidoglycan
Facilitated diffusion
20. The tube that connects the middle ear acity with the pharynx; also known as the Eustachian tube. Its fucntion is to equalize midle ear pressure with atmospheric pressure so that pressure on boths sides of the tympanic membrane is the same.
Auditory tube
Catalase
Cristae
Sarcomere
21. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Uterus
Lipid
Prokaryote
FSH
22. A cell surface receptor associated with an intracellular protein that binds and hydrolyzes GTP. When GTP is bound - the protein is active - and can regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclease; this modifies the intracellular levels of second messenger
G- protein linked receptor
Jejunum
Ganglion
Telencephalon
23. Partially digested - semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.
Integral membrane protein
Artery
Vasa recta
Chyme
24. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Milk letdown
Homeostasis
Dorsal root ganglion
Ganglion
25. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Lymph node
Hemoglobin
Codon
Zymogen
26. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P
Pepsin
Prophase I
Sarcomere
Oncotic pressure
27. The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell. At the NMJ - the muscle cel lmembrane is invaginated and the axon terminus is elongated so that a greater area of membrane can be depolarized at one time.
Rods
Telophase
Neuromuscular junction
Melanin
28. A neuron with a single axon and a single dendrite - often projecting from opposite sides of the cell body. Bipolar neurons are typically associated with sensory organs; an example is the bipolar neuron in the retina of the eye. - note that one axon m
Bipolar neuron
Pepsin
Gametogenesis
Genotype
29. A highly specific cellular uptake mechanism. The molecule to be taken up must bind to cell surface receptor found in a clathrin - coated pit.
Bile
Lagging strand
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Interleukin
30. The principal mineralocorticoid secreted by teh adrenal cortex. This steroid hormone targets the kidney tubules and increases renal reabsorption of sodium [and excretion of potassium]. (this causes ADH to be secreted & increased water comes out - inc
Chymotrypsin
Obligate anaerobe
Monosaccharide
Aldosterone
31. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Vestibular glands
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Obligate aerobe
32. The movement of teh membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more positive direction.
Lipid
Depolarization
IPSP
Embryonic stage
33. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Liver
NADH
FADH2
Hyperpolarization
34. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Neuralation
Capsid
Bronchioles
35. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Population
Keratin
Ceruminous gland
Accessory glands
36. A toxin that secreted by a bacterium into its surrounding medium that help the bacterium compete with other species. Some exotoxins cause serious disease in humans (botulism - tetanus - diptheria - toxic shock syndrome).
Exotoxin
Atrium
Cerebral cortex
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
37. The portion of theforebrain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Glucagon
Lysogenic cycle
Diencephalon
Cochlea
38. The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
Microfilament
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Start site
Pulmonary artery
39. A precursor cell that undergoes mitosis during fetal development to produce more oogonium. These cells are then activated to produce primary oocytes - which remain dormant until stimulated to undergo meiosis I during some future menstrual cycle.
Epidermis
Semiconservative replication
Internodal tract
Oogonium
40. The portion of the brain responsible for visual and auditory startle reflexes.
Endometrium
Midbrain
Fibroblast
Bronchioles
41. Something that acts to oppose the action of something else. For example - muscles that move a join in oppoiste direction are said to be antagonists.
Iris
Antagonist
Ovulation
Acid hydrolases
42. The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Cristae
Chylomicron
Lagging strand
Vena cava
43. A concentrated region of white blood cells found along the vessels of the lympatic system.
Epitope
Seminal vesicles
Fetal stage
Lymph node
44. An enzyme whose transcription can be stopped by an abundance of its product (as opposed to inducible enzymes). Usually part of anabolism of product.
Repressible enzyme
Umbilical cord
Spleen
Labia
45. One of several different nutrietns that must be consumed in the diet - and generally not synthesized in the body. Vitamins can be hdyrophobic (fat - solube) or hydrophilic (water - soluble).
Vitamin
Lower esophageal sphincter
Rule of multiplication
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
46. A bacterium having a rod - like shaped (plural = bacilli).
Liver
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cross bridge
Bacilus
47. The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g. - the somach - intestines - bladder - etc.) or a tube (e.g. - blood vessels - ureters - etc.)
Melanin
Lumen
Recessive
Pinocytosis
48. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Mesoderm ultimately forms 'middle' structures such as bones - muscles - blood vessels - heart - kindeys - etc.
Primary active transport
hick filament
Mesoderm
Autotroph
49. Also called vasopressin - this hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by teh posterior pituitary gland. It tartes teh kidney tubules - increasing their permeability to water - adn thus increasing water retention by the body. Also raises
Ganglion
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Gap junction
Single strand binding proteins
50. Muscles located in between the ribs that play a role in ventilation.
Potassium leak channel
Intercostal muscles
Thrombus
Spongy bone