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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Myelinated axons
Lacteals
Diencephalon
White matter
RNA polymerase
2. A type of lymphocyte. The major subtypes of T cells are the helper T cells (CD4) and the killer T cells (CD8 - or cytotoxic T cells). Helper T cells secrete chemicals that help killer Ts and B cells proliferate. Killer T cells destroy abnormal self -
Leak channel
Vitamin
T cell
Transition mutation
3. The pressure measured in the arteries while the ventricles are relaxed (during diastole).
Monocistronic mRNA
Erythrocyte
Diastolic pressure
Chief cells
4. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of food. It decreases the rate at which chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
Ovarian cycle
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Enterogasterone
Osmosis
5. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Diencephalon
Temporal summation
Antagonist
Anaphase I
6. Early embryonic ducts that can develop into male internal genitalia under the proper stimulation (testosterone).
Diastole
Wolffian ducts
Chemotaxis
Testosterone
7. An ion channel specific for potassium found in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body. Leak channels are constitutively open and allow their specifi ion to move across the membrane according to its gadient. Potassium leak channels allow potassi
Plaque
Point mutation
Potassium leak channel
Epinephrine
8. The portion of the nephron after the glomerulus and apsule; the region of the nephron where the filtrate is modified along its path to becoming urine.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Labia
Renal tubule
Diencephalon
9. The movement of air out of the respiratory tract. Expiration can be passive (caused by relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of the lungs) or active (caused by contraction of the abdominal muscles - which increases intraabdominal pressure an
Cartilage
Mesoderm
Electrical synapse
Expiration
10. The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles (during systole).
Placenta
Systolic pressure
Ejaculation
Lower esophageal sphincter
11. The energy in a system that can be used to drive chemical reactions. If the change in free energy of a reaction (Delta G - the free energy of the products minus the free energy of the energy of the reactants) is negative - the reaction will occur spo
Gibbs free energy
FADH2
Emission
Na+/K+ ATPase
12. The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose -6- phosphate to form fructose -1-6- bisphosphate in the third step of glycolysis. This is the main regulatory step of glycolysis. PFK is feedback - inhibited by ATP.
Phosphofructokinase
Labor contractions
Na+/K+ ATPase
Vaccination
13. The shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis is hollow and is made entirely from compact bone.
Pleiotropic gene
Diaphysis
Ligament
Urea
14. The inner layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the circular muscle contracts - the tube diameter is reduced. Certain areas of the circular muscle are thickened to act as valves (sphincters).
Platelets
Thalamus
Start site
Circular smooth muscles
15. Pepsinogen - secreting cells foudn at teh bottom of the gastric glands
Pancreas
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Chief cells
Trypsin
16. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Repressor
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Olfactory receptors
mRNA
17. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a codon that specifies a different amino acid.
Calcitriol
Missense mutation
Systole
Diastolic pressure
18. The period of time following an action potential when it is possible - but difficult - for the neuron to fire a second action potential due to the fact that membrane is further from theshold potential (hyperpolarized).
Collagen
Uracil
Systolic pressure
Relative refractory period
19. The period of time during which the ventricles of the heart are contracted.
Systole
Silent mutation
Synapse
Eukaryotic
20. A form of symbiosis in Which both organisms involved benefit from the association.
Mutualism
FSH
Linkage
Osteoclast
21. The phase of mitosis during which the cell physically splits into two daugter cells. Cytokinesis begins near the end of anaphase - and is completed during telophase.
Dynein
Inner cell mass
Cytokinesis
Milk letdown
22. A neuron - to - neuron - neuron - to - organ - or muscle to cell - to - muscle cell junction.
Synapse
Plaque
Totipotent
Alimentary canal
23. Mal sex hormones. Testosteron is the primary androgen.
Ventricle
Androgens
Chyme
Chemical synapse
24. Something that works together with another thing to augment the the second thing's activity. For example - a uscle that assists another muslce is said to be a syngergist. An enzyme that helps another enzyme is a synergist.
Diaphysis
Optic nerve
yngergist
Insulin
25. Also called vasopressin - this hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by teh posterior pituitary gland. It tartes teh kidney tubules - increasing their permeability to water - adn thus increasing water retention by the body. Also raises
Depolarization
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Matrix
26. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Gram - positive bacteria
Testcross
Large intestine
Hexokinase
27. The third phase of mitosis. During anaphase - replicated chromosmes are split apart at their centromeres (the sister chromatids are separated from each other) and moved to opposite sides of the cell.
Recessive
Corona radiata
Anaphase
Diaphragm
28. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Enteric nervous system
Prokaryote
Graafian follicle
Mucocilliary escalator
29. The darkly pigmented middle layer of the eyeball - found between teh sclera (outer layer) and the retina (inner layer).
Meiosis
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Sister chromatid
Choroid
30. The movement of air into the respiratory tract. Inspiration is an active process - requiring contraction of the diaphragm.
Inspiration
Exclusion
Elastin
Cooperativity
31. The specific molecule that binds to a receptor.
Ligand
Corpus callosum
Splicing
Hyperpolarization
32. The tube that connects the middle ear acity with the pharynx; also known as the Eustachian tube. Its fucntion is to equalize midle ear pressure with atmospheric pressure so that pressure on boths sides of the tympanic membrane is the same.
Auditory tube
Cornea
Macula densa
Neurotransmitter
33. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Passive transport
Ovulation
Jejunum
Sclera
34. MRna that codes for several different proteins by utliizing different reading frames - nested genets - etc. Polycistronic mRNa is a characteristic of prokaryotes.
Promoter
Poycistronic mRNA
Thecal cells
Neuromuscular junction
35. The process by which neighboring cells can influence the determination (and subsequent differentiation) of a cell.
Antagonist
Vagina
Submucosa
Induction
36. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Lacteals
Power stroke
Bulbourethral galnds
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
37. An embryonic structure particularly important in egg - laying animals because it contains the yolk - the only source of nutrients for the embryo developing inside the egg. In humans - the yolk sac is very small (since mammals get their nutrients via
Stroke volume
Venous returns
Fluid mosaic model
Yolk sac
38. The majority of the cells surrouding an oocyte in a follicle. Granulosa cells secrete estrogen during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle (before ovulation).
Vestibular glands
Osteoclast
Granulosa cells
Channel protein
39. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Gray matter
Flagella
Divergent evolution
Estrogen
40. The outer layer of an organ - e.g. the renal cortex - the ovarian cortex - the adrenal cortex - etc.
Semicircular canals
Cardiac output
Cortex
Gram - positive bacteria
41. A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration (it does not move - just stays there). Muscles that participate in endurance activities (inclu
Oogonium
Retrovirus
Erythropoietin
Myoglobin
42. A subsequent immune response to previously encountered antigen that results in antibody production and T cell activation. The secondary immune response is mediated by memory cells (produced during the primary immune respone) and is much faster and st
Secondary immune response
Parietal cells
Transcription
Tropic hormone
43. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Law of Segregation
Gray matter
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Partial pressure
44. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time
Endometrium
Fetal stage
Connective tissue
Collagen
45. Transfer RNA; the type of RNA that carries an amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing protein.
T tubules
Local autoregulation
Clathrin
tRNA
46. Movement that is directed by chemical gradients - such as nutrients or toxins. (seen in some bacteria)
T cell
Chemotaxis
Second messenger
Active site
47. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Telophase II
Bone marrow
Corticosteroids
48. The third phase of meiosis II. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are finally spearated at their centromeres and puled to opposite sides of teh cell. Note that anaphase II is identical to mitotic anaphase - excep the number of chromosmes was re
Uniporter
Pancreas
Anaphase II
Totipotent
49. The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that actually displays the phenotype associated with the genotype.
Telophase I
Pancreas
Integral membrane protein
Penetrance
50. The largest of the cytoplasmic filaments. Microtubules are composed of two types of protein - alpha tubulin and beta tubulin. They are dynamic fibers - constantly being built up and broken down - according to cellular needs. Microtubules form the mit
Partial pressure
Virus
Microtubule
H zone