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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced as a byproduct of lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by way of the enzyme catalase.
Medulla
Peroxisome
Proteins
Glucagon
2. Also known as the neurohyophysis - the posterior pituitary is made of nervous tisssue and stores and secretes two hormones made by the hypothlamus; oxtytocin and ADH. The posterior pituitary is controlled by action potentials from the hypothalamus.
Poly- A tail
Posterior pituitary gland
Periperal nervous system
Lysogenic cycle
3. The sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome that activates RNA polymerase so that transcription can take place. The promoter is found upstream of the start site - the location where transcription actually takes place.
Promoter
yngergist
Carbonic anhydrase
Cardiac output
4. A haploid but immature cell resulting from the second meiotic division f spermatogenesis. Spermatids undergo significant physical changes to become mature sperm (spermatozoa).
Spermatid
Cytosine
Local autoregulation
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
5. An organism that requires the aid of a host organism to survive - and that harms the host in the process.
Law of Segregation
Polyspermy
Parasite
Hair cells
6. A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus - often without conscious brain involvement.
Reflex arc
Placental villi
Tetanus
Aminion
7. The period of human development from implantation through 8 weeks of gestation. Gastrulation - neurulation - and organogenesis occur during this time period. The developing baby is known as embryo during this time period.
Primary active transport
hick filament
Operator
Embryonic stage
8. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.
Semicircular canals
FSH
Inducible enzymes
Liver
9. A molecule (usually a protein) capable of initiating an immune repsonse (antibody production).
Alimentary canal
Antigen (Ag)
Catabolism
Anaphase II
10. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that responds to bright light and provide color vision.
Tight junction
Cones
Operon
Humoral immunity
11. A viral life cycle in which the host is turned into a 'virus factory' and ultimately lysed to release the new viral particles.
Topoisomerase
Polyspermy
Primary oocytes
Lytic cycle
12. The most common class of bone in the body - long bones have a well - defined shaft (the diaphysis) and two well - defined ends (the epiphyses).
Emission
Diffusion
Long bone
Mucocilliary escalator
13. The reduction of pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate in order to regenerate NAD+ from NADH. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen - and allow glycolysis to continue under those conditions.
Prophase I
Postganglionic neuron
Fermentation
Macula densa
14. The resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. Peripheral resistance increases if arteries constrict (diameter decreases) - and an increase in peripheral resistance leads t o an increase in blood pressure.
tRNA loading
Proteins
Reverse transcriptase
Peripheral resistance
15. The mechanism of contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscl cells. It is a series of four repeated steps: (1) myosin binds actin - (2) myosin pull actin toward the center of the sarcomere (3) myosin releases actin - and (4) myosin resets to its high -
Seondary active transport
Siding filament theory
Erythrocyte
Fibroblast
16. The outer ring of cells of a blastocyst. The trophoblast takes part in the formation of the placenta.
Trophoblast
Endotoxin
Fimbriae
White matter
17. A long - whip - like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated - and sperm are flagellated.
Flagella
Penetration
Proliferative phase
Ejaculation
18. The largest of the cytoplasmic filaments. Microtubules are composed of two types of protein - alpha tubulin and beta tubulin. They are dynamic fibers - constantly being built up and broken down - according to cellular needs. Microtubules form the mit
Microtubule
Chylomicron
Tolerant anaerobe
Midbrain
19. (1) In the GI tract - organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal. These include the liver - the gallbladder - the pancreas - adn the salivary glands.
Accessory organs
Oogonium
Sister chromatid
Wolffian ducts
20. A hormone produced from vitamin D that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Secondary spermatocytes
Diffusion
Calcitriol
Testes
21. The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
Incomplete dominance
Semen
Cytosine
Pyloric sphincter
22. Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract - the alimentary canal is the long muscular 'tube' that includes the mouth esophagus - somatch - small intesitne - and large intestine.
Active transport
Axon
Cecum
Alimentary canal
23. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Carrier protein
Exocrine gland
Myofibril
Lag phase
24. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Pyrimidine bases
B cell
Umbilical cord
Chyme
25. The modifaction of enzyme activity through interactino of molecules with specific sites on the enzyme other than the active site (called allosteric sites)
Rectum
Hemizygous gene
MHC
Allosteric regulation
26. The smallest (and final) fibers in the cardiac conduction system. The Purkinje fibers transmit the cardiac impulse to the ventricular muscle.
Purkinje fibers
Secretin
Yolk sac
Functional synctium
27. A phase in the cycle between mitosis and S phase (G1) or between S phase and mitosis (G2). During gap phases the cell undergoes normal activity and growth; G1 may include preparation for DNA replication and G2 includes preparation for mitosis. Note t
Lysogenic cycle
Growth hormone
Endocrine gland
Gap phase
28. A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction.
Epitope
Neuromuscular junction
Zygote
Phototroph
29. High frequency of recombination bacterium An F+ bacterium that has the fertility factor integrated into its chromosome. When conjugation takes place - it is able to transfer not only the F factor - but also its genomic DNA.
Hfr bacterium
Emission
Chyme
Corticosteroids
30. The intracellular process triggered by the binding of a ligand to its receptor on the cell surface. Typically this activates seond messenger pathways.
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Peptide hormone
Signal transduction
Telophase
31. A small cell with extremely little cytoplasm that results from the unequal cytoplasmic divsion of the primary (produces the first polar body) and the secondary (produces the second polary body) oocytes during meiosis (oogenesis). The polar bodies deg
Polar body
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Central Nervous System
Vas deferens
32. A protein channel in a cell membrane that is specific for a particular ion - such as Na+ or K+. Ion channels may be constitutively open (leak channels) - or regulated (voltage - gated or ligand - gated).
Ion channel
Sarcomere
Meninges
Coenzyme
33. The maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions (such as temperature - pressure - ion balance - pH - etc.) regardless of external conditions.
Zona pellucida
Homeostasis
Urea
Promoter
34. A genotype in which two different alleles are possessed for a given gene.
Heterozygous
Diastolic pressure
Ovary
Spermatid
35. The interior of a mitochondrion (the region bounded by the inner membrane). - The matrix is the site of action of pyruvate dehydroganse complex and the Krebs cycle.
Fibroblast
Matrix
Release factor
Adrenal medulla
36. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.
Lawn
Ligament
I band
Interstitial cell
37. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Telophase II
Milk letdown
Ganglion
Carbohydrates
38. The portion of theforebrain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Rods
Log phase
Prostate
Diencephalon
39. Small paired gland found inferior to the prostate in males and at the posterior end of the penile urethra. They secrete an alkaline mucus on sexual arousal that helps toneutralize any traces of acidic urine the urethra that might be harmful to sperm.
Renal tubule
Bulbourethral galnds
Erythrocyte
Islets of Langerhans
40. The collection of fluid in the alveoli - particularly dangerous because it impedes gas exchange. Common causes of pulmonary edema are increased pulmonary blood pressure or infection of the respiratory system.
Pulmonary edema
Spermatogonium
Primary oocytes
Totipotent
41. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Primary spermatocytes
Pulmonary edema
Carbonic anhydrase
Canaliculus
42. A method of DNA protection utilized by prokaryotes in which their large circular chromosome is coiled upon itself.
Afferent arteriole
Sclera
Supercoiling
Hematopoiesis
43. A strong connective tissue with varying degrees of flexibility. (1) Elastic cartilage is the most flexible - forming structures that reuqire support but also need to bend - such as the epiglottis and outer ear. (2) Hyaline cartilage is more rigid tha
Cartilage
Neuromuscular junction
Proprioreceptor
Larynx
44. A viral enzyme that makes a strand of RNA by reading a strand of RNa . All prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNa polymerases are DNa dependent; they make a strand of RNa by reading a strand of DNA.
Systolic pressure
Power stroke
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Peripheral membrane protein
45. The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent unicellular organsims living in symbiosis with larger cells
Endosymbitoic theory
Length - tension relationship
Vasa recta
Transcription
46. Aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA that are derived from purine. They have a double rightn structure and include adenine and guanine.
Dominant
Ileocecal valve
Simple diffsuion
Purine bases
47. An enzyme whose transcription can be stimulated by an abundance of its substrate (as opposed to repressible enzyme). Usually in catabolism.
Inducible enzymes
Conjugation
A site
Centriole
48. The movement of a substance across a membane via pressure. In the kidney - filtration refers specifically to the movement of plasma across the capillary walls fo the glomerulus - into the capsule and tubule of the neprhon. Filtration at teh glomerulu
Filtration
First law of Thermodynamics
tRNA
Primary immune response
49. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Monosaccharide
Ileum
Fetal stage
50. The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.
Submucosa
Liver
Soma
Pleura