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MCAT Prep Biology

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time






2. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger






3. The neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic division of the ANS at the postganglionic (organ - level ) synapse.






4. A group of three nucleotides taht is specific for a particular amino acid - or that specifies 'stop translating'






5. A small gland encircling the male urethra just inferior to the bladder (only reproductive structure not paired). Its secretion contain nutrients and enzymes and account for approximately 35% of the ejaculate volume.






6. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






7. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






8. The reduced from (carries electrons) of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). this is the other main electron carrier in cellular respiration (NADH is the most common).






9. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the gonads. In females - FSH stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles (oogenesis) and secrete estrogen; in males - FSH stimulates spermatogenesis.






10. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes






11. A smooth sustained muscle contraction - such as occurs in skeletal muscle when stimulation frequency is high enough (this is the normal type of contraction exhibited by skeletal muscle).






12. The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that actually displays the phenotype associated with the genotype.






13. An organelle bounded by a double membrane (double lipid bilayer) called the nuclear envelope. The nucleus contains the genome and is the site of replication and transcription.






14. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.






15. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.






16. Specif ic defense of the body by antibodies - secreted into the blood by B- cells.






17. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






18. Small organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced as a byproduct of lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by way of the enzyme catalase.






19. A hormone derived from cholesterol. Steroids are generally hydrophobic and can easily cross the plasma membrane of cells - thus receptors for steroids are found intracellularly. Once this steroid binds to its receptor - the receptor - steroid complex






20. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.






21. A method of DNA protection utilized by prokaryotes in which their large circular chromosome is coiled upon itself.






22. An enzyme inhibitor that competes with substrate for binding at the active site of teh enzyme. When the inhibitor is bound - no product can be made.






23. A set of vessels in the body that runs alongside the vessels of the circulatory system. It is a one - way system - with lymphatic capillaries beginning at the tissues and ultimately emptying into the large veins near the heart. It serves to return ex






24. The innermost layer of the eyeball. The retina is made up of a layer of photoreceptors - a layer of bipolar cells - and a layer of ganglion cells.






25. The membrane surrounding the DNA in eukaryotic cells made of two lipid bilayers.






26. The synthesis of blood cells (occurs in the red bone marrow)






27. Transfer RNA; the type of RNA that carries an amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing protein.






28. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.






29. The curled structure in the inner ear that contains the membranes and hair cells that transduce sound waves into action potentials.






30. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.






31. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.






32. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first






33. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.






34. To remove oxygen - to add hydrogen - or to add electrons to a molecule.






35. The point during development at which a cell becomes committed to a particular fate (sensory - other - etc.). Note that the cell is not differentiated at this point; determination comes before differentiation. Determination can be due to cytoplasmic






36. Partially digested - semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.






37. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an






38. Physical structures in two different organism that have funcitonal similarity due to their evoluntion in a common environment - but have different underlying structure. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution.






39. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.






40. The physical characterisitcs resulting from the genotype. Phenotypes are usually described as dominant or recessive.






41. A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads) - detoxification (in liver cells) - and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells).






42. A version of a gene. For example - the gene may be for eye color - and the allels include those for brown eyes - those for blu e eyes - those green eyes - etc. At most - dploid organsims can posses only two alleles for a given gene - one on each of t






43. Mendels' first law. The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles of a given gene will be separate from one another during gamete formation (meiosis).






44. General - non - specific protection to the body - including the skin (barrier) - gastric acid - phagocytes - lysozyme - and complement.






45. A type of synapse at which a chemical (a neurotransmitter) is released from teh axon of a neuron into the ysnaptic cleft where it binds to receptors on the next structure in sequence - either another neuron or an organ.






46. An enzyme whose transcription can be stimulated by an abundance of its substrate (as opposed to repressible enzyme). Usually in catabolism.






47. A set of veins that connect a capillary bed in the hypothalamus (the primary capillary plexus) with a capillary bed in the anterior pituitary gland (the secondary capillary bed). Releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus travel along the






48. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.






49. Multiple sites of replication found on large - linear eukaryotic linear eukaryotie chromosomes.






50. A genotype in which two different alleles are possessed for a given gene.







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