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MCAT Prep Biology
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structure composed of two coils of DNA wrapped around an octet of histone proteins. The nucleosome is the primary form of packagin of eukaryotic DNA.
Follicle
Primary active transport
Matrix
Nucleosome
2. A fibrous - connective - tissue protein taht has the ability to recoil to its original shape after being stretche.d Elastin is found in great amounts in lung tissue - arterial tissue - skin - and the epiglottis.
Hardy- Weinberg law
Elastin
Operon
Maternal inheritance
3. One of the contractie proteins in muscle tissue. In skeletal and cardiac muscles - myosin forms the thick filaments. Myosin has intrinsic ATPase activity and can exist in two conformation - either high energy or low energy.
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Spirochete
Zona pellucida
Myosin
4. The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles (during systole).
Systolic pressure
Menstruation
Electrical synapse
Exclusion
5. The division of the peripheral nervous system that innervates and controls the skeletal muscles; also known as the voluntary nervous system.
Somatic nervous system
Labia
Small intestine
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
6. A protein fiber with a unique triple - helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong - e.g. bone - tendons - ligaments - etc.
Nucleosome
tRNA
Collagen
Seminal vesicles
7. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Repressor
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Hfr bacterium
Leukocyte
8. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Proteins
Codon
Pyrimidine bases
Linkage
9. Also called transverse tubules - these are deep invaginations of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.
Fimbriae
Gap junction
Cortisol
T tubules
10. The innermost layer of the eyeball. The retina is made up of a layer of photoreceptors - a layer of bipolar cells - and a layer of ganglion cells.
Diastolic pressure
Lysogenic cycle
Dermis
Retina
11. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Menstruation
Metaphase II
Vasa recta
Bipolar neuron
12. A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Oxytocin
Venous returns
Uterus
Proximal convoluted tubuel
13. The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Cristae
Hemoglobin
Local autoregulation
Coccus
14. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Repressible enzyme
Myelin
Ovary
Epididymis
15. A chemical released by the axon of a neuron in response to an action potential that binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cell and causes that cell to either depolarize slightlly (EPSP) or hyperpolarize slightly (IPSP). Examples are acetylcholine - no
Endoderm
Secretory phase
Neurotransmitter
Gyrase
16. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.
Rule of multiplication
Diffusion
Tidal volume
Pilus
17. A molecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together. POlysaccharides are typically energy- storage molecules (glycogen in animals - starch in plants) or structural molecules (cellulose in plants - chitin in exoskeletons).
Periperal nervous system
Dorsal root ganglion
Polysaccharides
Cardiac muscle
18. The muscle tissue of the heart Cardiac muscle is striated - uninucleate - and under involuntary control (controlled by teh autonomic nervous system). Note also that cardiac muscle is self - stimulatory - and autonomic control serves only to modify th
Yolk sac
Cardiac muscle
End plate potential
Edema
19. The 3D site of an enzyme where substrates (reactants) bind and a chemical reaction is facilitated.
Active site
Prophase II
DNA polymerase
Pyruvic acid
20. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Sebaceous gland
Interleukin
Chromosome
Cerebral cortex
21. Movement across the membrane of a cell that does not require energy input from the cell. Passive transport relies on concentration gradients to provie the driving force for movement - and includes both simple and facilitated diffusion.
Prokaryote
tRNA loading
Passive transport
Systole
22. The largest of the cytoplasmic filaments. Microtubules are composed of two types of protein - alpha tubulin and beta tubulin. They are dynamic fibers - constantly being built up and broken down - according to cellular needs. Microtubules form the mit
Microtubule
Thermoreceptor
Nucleotide
Pulmonary edema
23. (singular alveolus.) Tiny sacs - with walls only a single cell layer thick found at the end of the respiratory bronchiole tree. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system.
Activation energy (Ea)
Binary fission
Alveoli
Nociceptors
24. The layer of epithelial tissue that lines body cavities in contact with the outside environment (respiratory - digestive - urinary - and reproductive tracts).
Estrogen
Histones
Mucosa
Temporal summation
25. The mechanism that ensures tehat skeletal muscle contraction does not occur without neural stimulation (excitation). A trest - cytosolic [Calcium] is low - and the troponin - tropomyosin complex covers the myosin - binding sites on actin. When the mu
Ligand
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Excitation - contraction coupling
Microfilament
26. A band of carilage (hyaline) found between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones during childhood and adolescence. Cell proliferation in the middle of the eiphyseal plate essentially forces teh diaphysis and epiphyses further apart - while the ol
Epiphyseal plate
Albumin
Zymogen
Gap junction
27. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Antiparallel orientation
Liver
Efferent arteriole
Sex- linked rait
28. Toward the 5' end of an Rna transcript (the 5' end of the DNA coding strand). The promoter and start sites are upstream.
Telophase
Stop codon
Upsteam
Monosaccharide
29. A tissue in which the cytoplasms of the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing the cells to function as a unit. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are examples of functional synctiums.
Functional synctium
Gastrulation
Dense connective tissue
Myoglobin
30. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
Golgi apparatus
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Blastocyst
Epistasis
31. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Power stroke
Tolerant anaerobe
Substrate(s)
32. An irritation of a tissue caused by infection or injury. Inflammation is characterized by four cardinal symptoms; redness (rubor) - swelling (tumor) - heat (calor) - and pain (dolor).
Inflammation
Cleavage
Adipocyte
Genetic code
33. The first portion of the nephron tubuel after the glomerulus. THe PCT is the site of most reabsorption; all filtered nutrients are reabsorbed here as well as most of the filtered water.
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Endometrial cycle
Trophoblast
Silent mutation
34. The third phase of mitosis. During anaphase - replicated chromosmes are split apart at their centromeres (the sister chromatids are separated from each other) and moved to opposite sides of the cell.
Antigen presenting cell
Coenzyme
Anaphase
Vas deferens
35. A viral enzyme that makes a strand of RNA by reading a strand of RNa . All prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNa polymerases are DNa dependent; they make a strand of RNa by reading a strand of DNA.
Phototroph
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Osmotic pressure
Nucleoside
36. The shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis is hollow and is made entirely from compact bone.
Carrier protein
Diaphysis
Chief cells
Homozygous
37. The process by which neighboring cells can influence the determination (and subsequent differentiation) of a cell.
A site
Gray matter
Induction
Active site
38. Muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow organs - e.g. - blood vessels - the digestive tract - the uterus - etc. Smooth muscle is non - striated - uninucleate - and under involuntary control (controlled by the autonomic nervous system).
Glycolipid
Smooth muscle
Pleural pressure
Antigen (Ag)
39. Small paired gland found inferior to the prostate in males and at the posterior end of the penile urethra. They secrete an alkaline mucus on sexual arousal that helps toneutralize any traces of acidic urine the urethra that might be harmful to sperm.
Bulbourethral galnds
Chief cells
Endospore
Cornea
40. Also called falopian tubes - these tubes extend laterally from their side of the uterus and serve as a passageway for the ocyte to travel from the ovary to the uterus. This is also the normal site of fertilization. Severing of the uterine tubes (tuba
Leading strand
Uterine tubes
Mitochondrion
Internodal tract
41. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Gram - negative bacteria
Electron transport chain
Mechanoreceptors
Common bile duct
42. Sperm production; occurs in human males on a daily basis from puberty until death. Spermatogenesis results in the production of four mature gametes (sperm) from a single precursor cell (spermatogonium). For maximum sperm viability - spermatogenesis r
Portal systems
Osteoblast
Spermatogenesis
Pancreatic duct
43. A thin (4 mm) layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the conscious mind - and is functionally divided into four pairs of lobes: the frontal lobes - the parietal lobes - the temporal lobes - and the occ
Midbrain
Cerebral cortex
Nuclear envelope
Transversion mutation
44. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Monosaccharide
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Mitochondrion
Peristalsis
45. A sac filled with fluid (aminotic fluid) that surroudns and protects a developing embryo.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Aminion
Pancreas
Central chemoreceptors
46. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Organ of Corti
Lipoprotein
Frameshift mutation
Calcitriol
47. A contractile protein. In skeletal and cardiac muscle - actin polymerizes (along with other proteins) to form the thin filaments. Actin is involved in many contractile activities - such as cyotkinesis - pseudopod formation - and muscle contraction.
Pancreas
Actin
Capsid
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
48. Sensory receptors found in the inner ear. Cochlear hair cells respond to vibration in the cochlea caused by sound waves and vestibular hair cells respond to changes in position and acceleration (used for balance).
Totipotent
Urethra
Hair cells
Stop codon
49. The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction.
Hyperpolarization
Proteins
Collecting duct
Ion channel
50. A protein hormone secreted by sustenacular cells of the testes that acts to inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
Inhibin
Ion channel
Sympathic nervous system
Cell surface receptor
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