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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. DNA replication in which each of the parental strands is read to make a complementary daughter strand - ethus each new DNa molecule is composed of half the parental molecule paired with a newly synthesized strand.
Lipid
Implantation
Codon
Semiconservative replication
2. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
Collagen
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Trachea
Thymus
3. The specific location on a DNa strand where replication begins.. Prokaryotes typically have a single origin of replication - while eukaryotes have several per chromosome.
Fertilization
Origin of replication
Ligand - gated ion channel
Acrosome
4. A form of genetic recombination in bacteria in which plasmid and/or genomic DNA is transferred from one bacterium to the toher through a conjugation bridge.
Conjugation
Cardiac conduction system
Seondary active transport
Endotoxin
5. A cell that produces bone.
Osteoblast
Interphase
Circular smooth muscles
Anabolism
6. A fibrous - connective - tissue protein taht has the ability to recoil to its original shape after being stretche.d Elastin is found in great amounts in lung tissue - arterial tissue - skin - and the epiglottis.
Antagonist
Elastin
Lipoprotein
Law of Independent Assortment
7. A motor neuron and all the all the skeletal muscle cells it innervates. Large motor units are typically found in large muscles (e.g. - the thighs and buttocks) and produce fross movements. Small motor untis are found in smaller muscles (e.g. the rect
Motor unit
Systolic pressure
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
T cell
8. An organelle surrounded by a double=membrane (two lipid bilayers) where ATP production takes place. The interior (matrix) is where PDC and the Krebs cycle occur - and the inner membrane contains the enzymes of the electron trasport chain and ATP synt
Oxaloacetate
Androgens
Eukaryotic
Mitochondrion
9. An **organic molecuel taht associates non - covalently with an enzyme - and that is required for the proper functioning of the enzyme.
Secondary immune response
Axon
Excretion
Coenzyme
10. An irritation of a tissue caused by infection or injury. Inflammation is characterized by four cardinal symptoms; redness (rubor) - swelling (tumor) - heat (calor) - and pain (dolor).
Common bile duct
Antiporter
Reverse transcriptase
Inflammation
11. An enzyme inhibitor that competes with substrate for binding at the active site of teh enzyme. When the inhibitor is bound - no product can be made.
Length - tension relationship
Competitive inhibitor
Lymphokine
Compact bone
12. An organism that can survive in the presence of oxygen (oxygen is not toxic) - but that does not use oxygen during metabolism (anaerobic metabolism only).
Dynein
Differentiation
Tolerant anaerobe
Gametogenesis
13. The fraction of teh end - diastolic volume ejected from the ventricles in a single contraction of teh heart. THe ejection fraction is normally around 60% of the end diastolic volume.
Endospore
Ligament
Liver
Ejection fraction
14. A gene appearing in a single copy in diploid organisms - e.g. X- linked genes in human males.
Microvilli
Granulosa cells
Fertilization
Hemizygous gene
15. Pain receptors. Nociceptors are found everywhere in the body except for the brain.
Nociceptors
Pharynx
Systole
Placenta
16. A poysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of insects.
Erectile tissue
Chitin
Endocrine gland
Common bile duct
17. The non - specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.
Synapsis
Simple diffsuion
Pinocytosis
Rectum
18. The string between beads of DNA on histones. They are also wrapped around a single histone - called linker histone - may not really have to know..
Organ of Corti
Linker DNA
Hypodermis
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
19. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA. Thymine is a pyrimidine; it pairs with adenine.
Thin filament
Spirochete
Thymine
Connective tissue
20. A set of vessels in the body that runs alongside the vessels of the circulatory system. It is a one - way system - with lymphatic capillaries beginning at the tissues and ultimately emptying into the large veins near the heart. It serves to return ex
Inspiration
Matrix
Tonsils
Lymphatic system
21. The prokaryotic ribosome - binding site on mRNA - found 10 nucleotides 5' to the start codon.
Microfilament
Vein
Epiphyseal plate
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
22. The cord that connects the embryo of a developing mammal to the placenta in the uterus of the mother. The umbilical cord contains fetal arteries (carry blood toward the placenta) and veins (carry blood away from the placenta). The umbilical vessels d
Excretion
Uracil
Umbilical cord
Optic disk
23. An organism that makes its own - typically using CO2 as a carbon source.
Autotroph
Fluid mosaic model
Thecal cells
Edema
24. An insulating layer of membranes wrapped around the axons of almost all neurons in the body. Myelin is essentially the plasma membranes of specialized cells; Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system - and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous
Nucleoside
Long bone
Myelin
Motor unit
25. The portion of the placenta derived from the zygote.
Hfr bacterium
Cecum
Polar body
Chorion
26. The portion of an integral membrane protein that passes through the lipid bilayer.
Axon
Transmembrane domain
Transition mutation
Oogonium
27. A structure composed of a ribose molecule linked to one of the aromatic bases. In a deoxynucleoside - the ribose is replaced with deoxyribose.
Nucleoside
Myofiber
Spatial summation
Telomere
28. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Metaphase
Theta replication
Calcitonin
Parietal cells
29. A diploid cell that can undergo mitosis to form more spermatogonium - and can also be triggered to undergo meiosis to form sperm.
Electrical synapse
Spermatogonium
Lower esophageal sphincter
Lagging strand
30. A hormone released by teh G cells of the stomach in the presence of food. Gastrin promotes muscular activity of the stomach as well as secretion of hydrochloric acid - pepsinogen - and mucus.
Gastrin
rRNA
Depolarization
Primary active transport
31. A contractile protein. In skeletal and cardiac muscle - actin polymerizes (along with other proteins) to form the thin filaments. Actin is involved in many contractile activities - such as cyotkinesis - pseudopod formation - and muscle contraction.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Actin
Soma
Lawn
32. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Reflex arc
Gonadotropins
Diffusion
Phototroph
33. A hair - like structure on teh cell surface composed of microtubules ina '9+2' arrangement (nine pairs of microtubles surrounding 2 single microtubules in the center). Teh microtubules are conneted with a contractile protien called dynein. Cilia beat
Ceruminous gland
Cilia
Adenine
Midbrain
34. Myelinated axons
Simple diffsuion
Urinary sphincter
White matter
Ceruminous gland
35. An organism that relies on a chemical source of energy (such as ATP) instead of light (which phototrophs).
Glomerulus
Uterus
Law of Independent Assortment
Chemotroph
36. A virus that infects a bacterium.
Bacteriophage
Basement membrane
Seondary active transport
Allosteric regulation
37. A string of several hundred adenine nucletodies added to the 3' end of the eukaryotic mRNA.
Thin filament
Endocrine system
Poly- A tail
Renal absorption
38. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.
Nodes of Ranvier
Secretin
Missense mutation
Tendon
39. The second most common of the five classes of leukocytes. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity and include two cell types - B- cells and T cells. B- cells produce and secrete antibodies and T- cells are invovled in cellular immunity.
Periperal nervous system
Fibrinogen
Facilitated diffusion
Lymphocyte
40. A layer of cells surroudning the granulosa cells of the follicles in an ovary. Thecal cells help produce the estrogen secreted from the follicle during the first phase of the ovarian cycle.
Endospore
Peristalsis
Thecal cells
Chitin
41. The first encounter with an antigen - resuling in activated B cells (antibody secretion) and T cells (cellular lysis and lymphocyte proliferation). The primary immune response takes approximately ten days - which long enough for symptoms of the infec
Primary immune response
Lymphocyte
Allosteric regulation
Microfilament
42. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is substitued for a purine - or vice versa.
Dorsal root ganglion
Transversion mutation
Fascicle
Renin
43. A gland that secretes its product into a duct - which ultimately carries the product to the surface of the body or into a body cavity. Some examples of exocrine gland and their products are sweat glands (sweat) - gastric glands (acid - mucus - protea
Dense connective tissue
Diencephalon
Exocrine gland
Spatial summation
44. The 3D site of an enzyme where substrates (reactants) bind and a chemical reaction is facilitated.
Plaque
Gram - negative bacteria
Binary fission
Active site
45. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of anoogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
Intercalcated discs
Local autoregulation
Z lines
Primary oocytes
46. A physiological catalyst. Enzymes are usually proteins - although some RNAs have catalytic activity.
Lipoprotein
Pore
Recombination frequency
Enzyme
47. The depolarzation of the motor end plate on a muscle cell.
End plate potential
5' cap
Goblet cells
Calmodulin
48. A tissue in which the cytoplasms of the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing the cells to function as a unit. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are examples of functional synctiums.
Sister chromatid
Hexokinase
Functional synctium
Lactic acid
49. A clear fluid the circulates around through the brain and spinal cord that helps to physially support teh brain and act as a shock absorber - and taht also exchanges nutrients and wastes with teh brain and spinal cord.
Primary bronchi
Secondary sex characteristics
Innate immunity
Cerebrospinal fluid
50. A single piece of double - stranded DNA; part of the genome of an organism. Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes and eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
Cartilage
Relative refractory period
Chromosome
Homeostasis
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