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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The mechanism described by Charles Darwin that drives evolution. Through mutation - some organisms possess genes that make them better adapted to their environment. These organisms survive and reproduce more than those that do not possess the benefic
Corticosteroids
Natural selection
Fermentation
Photoreceptor
2. The perio dof tim ein a woman's life when ovulation and menstruation cease. Menopause typically begins in the late 40s.
Insulin
Vitreous humor
Residual volume
Menopause
3. Cells that possess MHC II (B cells and macrophages) and are able to display bits of ingested antigen on their surface in order to activate T cells. See also 'MHC'
Urinary sphincter
EPSP
Antigen presenting cell
Intercostal muscles
4. A tissue in which the cytoplasms of the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing the cells to function as a unit. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are examples of functional synctiums.
Uterus
Inflammation
Functional synctium
Okazaki fragments
5. A receptor that responds to changes in temperature.
Pulmonary edema
Nuclear envelope
Thermoreceptor
Resolution
6. An enzyme that polymerizes a strand of DNA by reading an RNA template (an RNA dependent DNa polymerase); used by retrovirus in order to integrate their genome with the host cell genome.
Catalyst
Frank Starling mechanism
Reverse transcriptase
Channel protein
7. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
FSH
Acetyl - CoA
Chymotrypsin
Guanine
8. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Metaphase II
Hemizygous gene
Upsteam
Primary oocytes
9. The valve that controls the release of feces from the recturm. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Restriction endonuclease
Anal sphincter
Diastole
Thalamus
10. Paired glands found on the posterior external wall of the bladder in males. Their secretions contain an alkaline mucus and fructose - among other things - and make up approximately 60% of the ejaculate volume.
Seminal vesicles
Genotype
Small intestine
Arousal
11. A protein fiber with a unique triple - helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong - e.g. bone - tendons - ligaments - etc.
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Collagen
Poycistronic mRNA
G- protein linked receptor
12. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
rRNA
Spatial summation
Acinar cells
Tendon
13. A long - whip - like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated - and sperm are flagellated.
Prophase II
Excitation - contraction coupling
Flagella
Siding filament theory
14. The protective - connective tissue wrapping of the central nervous system (the dura mater - arachnoid mater - and pia mater).
Basement membrane
Iris
Effector organ
Meninges
15. A cytoplasmic protein that binds to a stop codon where it appears in the A- site of the ribosome. Release factors modify the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome - such that a water molecule is added to the end of the completed protein. This
Release factor
Cones
Gap phase
Carbonic anhydrase
16. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Linker DNA
Gonadotropins
Somatic nervous system
Cones
17. An organism that requires the aid of a host organism to survive - and that harms the host in the process.
Parasite
Lipoprotein
Primary active transport
Leak channel
18. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Hepatic portal vein
Peripheral resistance
Lymphokine
Cytokinesis
19. The cell body of a neuron.
Skeletal muscle
Desmosome
Connective tissue
Soma
20. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Ceruminous gland
Local autoregulation
Bone marrow
Release factor
21. The second most common of the five classes of leukocytes. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity and include two cell types - B- cells and T cells. B- cells produce and secrete antibodies and T- cells are invovled in cellular immunity.
Lymphocyte
Chylomicron
Dorsal root ganglion
Fascicle
22. An activated B cell that is secreting antibody.
Effector organ
Dominant
Plasma cell
Wolffian ducts
23. A neuron that arries information (action potentials) to the central nervous system; a sensory neuron.
Medium
Productive cycle
Primary immune response
Afferent neuron
24. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Acetyl - CoA
EPSP
Proprioreceptor
Topoisomerase
25. HCO3-. THis ion results from the dissociation of carbonic acid - together wiht carbonic acid forms the the major blood buffer system. Bicarbonate is also secreted by teh pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the intestines.
Nephron
Gram - negative bacteria
Prosthetic group
Bicarbonate
26. The valvecontrolling release of bile and pancreatic juice into the bloodstream.
Sphincter of Oddi
Plaque
Law of Segregation
Motor unit
27. The combination of alleles of an organism carries. In a homozygous genotype - both alleles are the same - whereas in a heterozygous gentorype the alleles are different.
Reflex arc
Genotype
Urinary sphincter
Internodal tract
28. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
Spongy bone
Peptidoglycan
Atrioventricular valves
Tetrad
29. The site(s) where the parental DNA double helix unwinds during replication.
Seondary active transport
Relication fork(s)
Lymphocyte
Fibrinogen
30. A protein channel in the nuclear envelope that llows the free passage of molecules smaller than 60 kD.
Primary bronchi
Glycolipid
Nuclear pore
Hypophysis
31. A hormone released by the anterior pituitary that targets all cells in the body. Growth hormone stimulates whole body growth in children and adolescents - adn increases cell turnover rate in adults.
Nephron
Cartilage
Growth hormone
Cornea
32. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.
Interphase
Axon
F (fertility) factor
Nucleosome
33. Specialized tissue with a lot of space that can fill with blood upon proper stimulation - causing teh tissue to become firm. Erectile tissue is found in the penis - the clitoris - the labia - and the nipples.
Cytokinesis
Erectile tissue
Vital capacity
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
34. A subsequent immune response to previously encountered antigen that results in antibody production and T cell activation. The secondary immune response is mediated by memory cells (produced during the primary immune respone) and is much faster and st
Effector organ
Secondary immune response
Formed elements
Pulmonary edema
35. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Lumen
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Interleukin
Repressor
36. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Nodes of Ranvier
Placenta
P site
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
37. The connection of a mosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory).
Cross bridge
Reduction
Adipocyte
Gram - negative bacteria
38. A hormone released by teh G cells of the stomach in the presence of food. Gastrin promotes muscular activity of the stomach as well as secretion of hydrochloric acid - pepsinogen - and mucus.
Gastrin
Central Nervous System
Norepinephrine
Channel protein
39. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Anal sphincter
Wolffian ducts
Pleiotropic gene
Primary active transport
40. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
Vitreous humor
Anaphase I
Cytosine
Diencephalon
41. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Steroid hormone
Gametogenesis
Prophase
Tonsils
42. Cells that form the walls of the seminiferous tubules and help in spermatogenesis Sertoli cells are also called susenacular cells.
Oxytocin
Sertolli cells
Diastole
Skeletal muscle
43. The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy - often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.
Intron
Active transport
A band
Homeostasis
44. Also called occluding junctions - tight junctions form a seal between cells that prevents the movement of substances across the cell layer - except by diffusion through the cell membranes themselves. Tight junctions are found between the epithelial c
Capilary
Fascicle
Tight junction
Urethra
45. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Poly- A tail
Vagus nerves
Lysogenic cycle
Endocrine gland
46. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the thyroid gland - stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormone.
Afferent arteriole
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Semen
Placental villi
47. Pairing of homologus chromosomes in a diploid cell - as occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
Signal transduction
Synapsis
Slow block to polyspermy
Neuralation
48. DNA that is loosely packed around histones. This DNA is more accessible to enzymes and the genes in euchromatin can be activated if needed.
Euchromatin
Saltatory conduction
Matrix
Longitudinal muscle
49. (1) The integration of input (EPSPs and IPSPs) from many presynaptic neruons by a single postsynaptic neuron - either temporaly or spatially. Summation of al input can either stimulate the postsynaptic neuron and possibly lead to an action potential
Law of Independent Assortment
Leading strand
Summation
Angiotensin
50. Cranial nerve pair X. The vagus nerves are very large mixed nerves (They carry both sensory input and motor input) that innervate virtually every visceral organ. They are especially important in transmitting parasympathetic input to the heart and dig
Lysozyme
Systole
Anaphase II
Vagus nerves