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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Adrenal medulla
Portal systems
Macrophage
2. The darkly pigmented middle layer of the eyeball - found between teh sclera (outer layer) and the retina (inner layer).
Accessory organs
Adrenal medulla
Choroid
Gametogenesis
3. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential; a slight hyperpolarization of the postysynaptic cell - moving the membrane potential of that cell further from threshold.
Metaphase II
Prophase II
Helicase
IPSP
4. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Diaphragm
Placenta
Corona radiata
Ileum
5. A self - initiating action potential that occurs in the conduction system of the heart and triggers action potentials (and thus contraction) in the cardiac muscle cells Tee pacemaker potential is triggered by the regular - spontaneous depolarization
Pacemaker potential
Larynx
Ganglion
Universal acceptor
6. An X- linked recessive disorder in Which blood fails to clot properly - leading to excessive bleeding if injured.
Hemophilia
Zymogen
Vasa recta
Endospore
7. The primary muscle of inspiration. The diaphragm is stimulated to contract at regular intervals by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata (via the phrenic nerve). Although it is made of skeletal muscle (and can therefore be voluntary control
Large intestine
Tolerant anaerobe
Diaphragm
Secretion
8. The first generation of offspring from a given genetic cross.
Purkinje fibers
MHC
F1 generation
Pepsin
9. A complex polymer of sugars and amino acids; the substance From which bacterial ell walls are made.
Replication
Peptidoglycan
First law of Thermodynamics
Respiratory acidosis
10. The third phase of mitosis. During anaphase - replicated chromosmes are split apart at their centromeres (the sister chromatids are separated from each other) and moved to opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase
Accessory organs
Menstruation
Macrophage
11. A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that tarets the mammary glands stimulating them to produce breastmilk.
Prolactin
Polysaccharides
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Sertolli cells
12. A genetic cross between an organism displaying a recessive phenotype (homozygous recessive) and an organism displaying a dominant phenotype (for whic the genotype is unknown) - done to determine the unknown genotype.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Testcross
Cortisol
Interleukin
13. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
Placenta
Testosterone
Collecting duct
Topoisomerase
14. The cytoskeleton filaments with the smallest diameter. Microfilaments are composed of the contractile protein actin. They are dynamic filaments - constantly beig made and broken down as needed - and are responsible for events such as pseudopod format
Lytic cycle
Microfilament
Catalyst
Expiration
15. An organism that has only a single copy of its genome in each of its cells. Haploid organisms possess no homolous chromosomes.
Incomplete dominance
Peroxisome
Haploid organism
Trophoblast
16. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.
Seminiferous tubules
Acrosome
Semicircular canals
Sclera
17. A non - bony material that fills the hollow spaces inside bones. Red bone marrow is found in regiosn of spongy bone and is the site of blood cell (red and white) production. Yellow bone marrow is found in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones - is most
Bone marrow
Meninges
Primary oocytes
Cervix
18. The three small bones found in the middle ear (the malleus - the incus - and the stapes) that help to amplify the vibrations from sound waves. The malleus is atached to the tympanic membrane and the stapes is attached to the oval window of the cochle
Ileocecal valve
Ossicles
Norepinephrine
Baroreceptor
19. A stack of membranes found near the rough ER in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the secretory pathway. The Golgi is involved in protein glycosylation (and other protein modification) and sorting and packagin proteins.
Endoderm
Golgi apparatus
FSH
Collecting duct
20. Small paired gland found inferior to the prostate in males and at the posterior end of the penile urethra. They secrete an alkaline mucus on sexual arousal that helps toneutralize any traces of acidic urine the urethra that might be harmful to sperm.
Pyruvic acid
Pacemaker potential
Bulbourethral galnds
Potassium leak channel
21. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.
Loose connective tissue
Morula
Haploid organism
Crossing over
22. A period of time following an action potential during which no additional action potential can be evoked regardless of the level of stimulation. (usually because Na+ channel closed whle K+ efflux)
Uterus
Bone marrow
Absolute refractory period
Release factor
23. A tissue in which the cytoplasms of the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing the cells to function as a unit. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are examples of functional synctiums.
Functional synctium
Sex- linked rait
Gustatory receptors
Internodal tract
24. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a codon that specifies a different amino acid.
Catalase
Release factor
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
25. Enzymes secreted by the mucosal cells lining the intestine. The brush border enzymes are disaccharides adn dipeptidases taht digest the smallest peptides and carbohydrates into their respective monomers.
Systole
Brush border enzymes
Circular smooth muscles
Intercalcated discs
26. A green fluid made from cholesterol and secreted by teh liver. It is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Bile isn an amphipathic molecule that is secreted itno the small intestine when fats are present - adn serves to emulsify the fats for be
Norepinephrine
Intron
Law of Segregation
Bile
27. The period of exponential growth of bacterial population.
Log phase
Ganglion
Ovulation
Arousal
28. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Cervix
Lower esophageal sphincter
29. The outer protein coat of a virus (the whole coat)
Gametogenesis
Medulla oblongata
Capsid
Maternal inheritance
30. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Sarcolemma
Implantation
Calcitonin
Mucosa
31. An intracellular chemical signal (such as cAMP ) that relays instructions from the cell surface to enzymes in the cytosol.
Osteoclast
Crossing over
RNA polymerase
Second messenger
32. A blood pressure cuff
Renal tubule
Sphygmomanometer
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Secondary sex characteristics
33. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
Skeletal muscle
Tidal volume
Ureters
Pore
34. A four - subunit protein found in red blood cells that binds oxygen. Each subunit contains a heme group - a large multi - ring molecule with an iron atom at its center. One hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules in a cooperative manner.
Hemoglobin
Primary bronchi
Coronary vessels
DNA polymerase
35. A solid clump of cells resulting from cleavage in the early embryo. Because there is very little growth of these cells during cleavage - the morula is ony about as large as the original zygote.
Cytosine
Morula
Excitation - contraction coupling
Central canal
36. The 3' end of a tRNA molecule that binds an amino acid. The nucleotide sequence at this end is CCA
Placental villi
Amino acid acceptor site
Induction
Genotype
37. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is susbstituted for a pyrimidine - or a purine is substituted for a purine.
Transition mutation
Angiotensin
Actin
Choroid
38. Also known as the Bundle of His - this is the first portion of the cardiac conduction system - after the AV node.
Secondary oocyte
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Ureters
Ligand
39. The process of reading a strand of mRNA to synthesize protein. Protein translation takes place on a ribosome.
Oncotic pressure
urfactant
Poycistronic mRNA
Translation
40. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the alpha cells - of the pancreas. It tartes primarily the liver - stimulating the breakdown of glycogen - thus increasing blood gluocse level.s
B cell
Histones
Glucagon
Parasite
41. One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Plaque
Intron
Vena cava
Periperal nervous system
42. A person with blood type O-. Because this person's red blood cells possess none of the typical blood suface proteins - they cannot initiate an immune reaction in a recipient.
Bohr effect
Universal donor
Intermediate filaments
Pulmonary artery
43. The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller precursors - e.g. digesion of starch into glucose.
Sclera
Catabolism
Antiparallel orientation
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
44. The outer layer of an organ - e.g. the renal cortex - the ovarian cortex - the adrenal cortex - etc.
Hemophilia
Afferent neuron
Tolerant anaerobe
Cortex
45. An activated B cell that is secreting antibody.
Clathrin
Inhibin
Plasma cell
Pancreatic duct
46. A systme of ductless glands taht secrete chemical messengers (into) the blood - has to be into the blood.
Bipolar neuron
Postganglionic neuron
Endocrine system
Transversion mutation
47. An organism that cannot make its own food - and thus must ingest other organisms.
Glycolipid
Peristalsis
Jejunum
Heterotroph
48. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Urethra
Polar body
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Chymotrypsin
49. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Gibbs free energy
Secretory phase
Carbohydrates
Erectile tissue
50. The layer of epithelial tissue that lines body cavities in contact with the outside environment (respiratory - digestive - urinary - and reproductive tracts).
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Thymine
Mucosa
FSH