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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The valvecontrolling release of bile and pancreatic juice into the bloodstream.
Spatial summation
Expiration
Sphincter of Oddi
Organ of Corti
2. The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the events in the uterus. The endometrial cycle is also known as the uterine cycle - and has the three subphases: menstruation - the proliferative phase - and the secretory phase.
Glucagon
Endometrial cycle
Meninges
Peristalsis
3. A diploid cell that can undergo mitosis to form more spermatogonium - and can also be triggered to undergo meiosis to form sperm.
Spermatogonium
Bronchioles
Active transport
Sudoriferous gland
4. An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells when blood pressure decreases. Renin onverts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Resolution
Renin
Microvilli
Gastrin
5. The connection of a mosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory).
Pinocytosis
Enterogasterone
Granulosa cells
Cross bridge
6. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the thyroid gland - stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormone.
hCG
Peroxisome
Chymotrypsin
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
7. The innermost layer of the eyeball. The retina is made up of a layer of photoreceptors - a layer of bipolar cells - and a layer of ganglion cells.
Enteric nervous system
Antiparallel orientation
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Retina
8. The movement of teh membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more positive direction.
Cervix
Leading strand
Depolarization
Tonsils
9. A non - bony material that fills the hollow spaces inside bones. Red bone marrow is found in regiosn of spongy bone and is the site of blood cell (red and white) production. Yellow bone marrow is found in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones - is most
Oxidation
Bone marrow
Potassium leak channel
F1 generation
10. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
Enterogasterone
Corticosteroids
Amino Acid
Vagal tone
11. All parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord.
Sebaceous gland
Intercalcated discs
Troponin
Periperal nervous system
12. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
Homologous chromosomes
Upsteam
Length - tension relationship
Divergent evolution
13. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a new codon that specifies the same amion acid.
Periplasmic space
Ciliary muscles
Synapse
Silent mutation
14. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Pulmonary circulation
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Aminoacyl tRNA
15. Also called falopian tubes - these tubes extend laterally from their side of the uterus and serve as a passageway for the ocyte to travel from the ovary to the uterus. This is also the normal site of fertilization. Severing of the uterine tubes (tuba
Uterine tubes
Polar body
Corpus callosum
Lipoprotein
16. A mutation caused by an insertion or deletion of base pairs in a gene sequence in DNA such that the reading frame of the gene (and thus teh amino acid sequence of the protein) is altered.
Renal absorption
Frameshift mutation
Axon
Ureters
17. The cell body of a neuron.
Soma
Lymph node
Gyrase
Lacunae
18. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Metaphase II
Urinary sphincter
Feedback inhibition
Uracil
19. The interior of a mitochondrion (the region bounded by the inner membrane). - The matrix is the site of action of pyruvate dehydroganse complex and the Krebs cycle.
Length - tension relationship
EPSP
Matrix
Erectile tissue
20. A subsequent immune response to previously encountered antigen that results in antibody production and T cell activation. The secondary immune response is mediated by memory cells (produced during the primary immune respone) and is much faster and st
Linkage
Acid hydrolases
Trachea
Secondary immune response
21. The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Proteins
Pulmonary vein
Cristae
Ceruminous gland
22. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Endoderm ultimately forms internal structures - such as the inner lining of the GI tract and glandular organs.
Lipoprotein
Plasma
Stomach
Endoderm
23. A structure composed of a ring of nine microtube triplets - found in pairs in the MTOC (microtubule organizing center) of a cell. The centrioles duplicate during the cell division - and serve as the organizing center for the mitotic spindle.
Centriole
Epinephrine
Primary oocytes
Actin
24. A virus with an RNA genome (e.g. HIV) that undergoes a lysogenic life cycle in a host with a double stranded DNA genome. In order to integrate its genome with the host cell genome - the virus must first reverse trasncribe its RNA genome to DNA.
Functional synctium
Inspiration
Retrovirus
Heterochromatin
25. A point mutation in which a condon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a stop (nonsense) codon.
Secondary spermatocytes
Nonsense mutation
Cecum
Fibroblast
26. A clear area in a lawn of bacteria. Plaques represent an area where bacteria are lysing (dying) and usually caused by a lytic virus.
Fetal stage
Bile
Epithelial tissue
Plaque
27. The phase of the cell cycle during which the replicated genome is divided. Mitosis has four phases (prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase) and includes cytokinesis (the physical splitting of the cell into two new cells).
Mitosis
Coronary vessels
Aqueous humor
Urea
28. Mendel's seond law. States that genes found on different chromosomes - or genes found very far apart on the same chromosome (i.e. - unlinked genes) sort independently of one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Mucocilliary escalator
Placenta
Law of Independent Assortment
Dominant
29. An asexual method of bacterial reproduction that serves only to increase the size of the population; ther is no introduciton of gnetic diversity. THe bacterium simply grows in size until it has doubled its cellular components - then it replicates its
Binary fission
Restriction endonuclease
Posterior pituitary gland
Keratin
30. The phase of mitosis during which the cell physically splits into two daugter cells. Cytokinesis begins near the end of anaphase - and is completed during telophase.
Vasa recta
Cytokinesis
Plasma cell
Progesterone
31. Gaps in the myelin sheath of the axons of peripheral neruons. Action potentials can 'hump' from node to node - thus increasing the speed of conduction (saltatory conduction).
Envelope
Nodes of Ranvier
Embryonic stage
Platelets
32. A specialized region at the ends of eukaryotic chromosmes that contains several repeats of a particular DNA sequence. These ends are maintained (in some cells) with the help of a special DNA poymerase called telomerase. In cells that lack telomerase
Telomere
Downstream
Multipolar neuron
Ossicles
33. The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Inner cell mass
Mitochondrion
Menopause
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
34. The first step in viral infection. Attachemen of a virus to its host is very specific and is also known as adsorption.
FADH2
Na+/K+ ATPase
Attachment
Meninges
35. The third phase of meiosis II. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are finally spearated at their centromeres and puled to opposite sides of teh cell. Note that anaphase II is identical to mitotic anaphase - excep the number of chromosmes was re
Testosterone
Amino Acid
Anaphase II
Sebaceous gland
36. A bacteria having a round shape (plural = cocci)
Common bile duct
Tropomyosin
IPSP
Coccus
37. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.
Pilus
Homeostasis
Genome
Memory cell
38. A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
Yolk sac
Pancreas
Erythropoietin
Active site
39. A cell produced when a B cell is activated by antigen. Memory cells do not actively fight the current infection - but patrol the body in case of future infection with the same antigen. If the antigen should appear again the future - memory cells are
Calcitriol
Norepinephrine
Memory cell
Creatine Phosphate
40. The failure of two separate genes to boey the Law of Independent Assortment - as might occur if the genes were found close together on the same chromosome.
Bone marrow
Gene pool
Cooperativity
Linkage
41. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.
Creatine Phosphate
Semicircular canals
Activation energy (Ea)
Oxidative phosphorylation
42. Cells that possess MHC II (B cells and macrophages) and are able to display bits of ingested antigen on their surface in order to activate T cells. See also 'MHC'
Cochlea
Renin
Antigen presenting cell
F (fertility) factor
43. The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient - since where solutes are concentrated - water i
Osmosis
Follicle
Auditory tube
yngergist
44. In skeleta and cardiac muscle tissue - a filament composed of actin - tropomyosin - and troponin. Thin filaments are attached to teh Z lines of the sarcomers and slide over thick filaments during muscle contraction.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Respiratory alkalosis
Thin filament
Hfr bacterium
45. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Transversion mutation
Tight junction
Glycolipid
Norepinephrine
46. A mechanism for increasing tension (contractile length) in a muscle by activating more motor units.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Motor unit recruitment
G- protein linked receptor
Troponin
47. The three glands in the male reproductive system that reproduce semen: the seminal vesicles - the prostate - and the
Alveoli
Accessory glands
Emission
Smooth muscle
48. One of two large chambers in the heart. The ventricles receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the lungs of the heart. The right ventricle has thing walls and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventri
Neuromuscular junction
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Ventricle
Plasma cell
49. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.
Secretin
Plaque
Ovulation
Seminiferous tubules
50. Also known as the cortical reaction - the slow block invovles an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in the egg - which causes the release of cortical granules near the egg plasma membrane. This results in the hardening of the zona pellucida and its sep
Corpus luteum
Slow block to polyspermy
Ligament
Chylomicron