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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structure made of two protein subunits and rRNA; this is the site of protein synthessis (translation) in a cell. Prokaryotic ribosomes (also known as 70S ribosomes) are smaller than eukaryotic ribosome (80S ribosomes). The S value refers to the sed
Synapse
Hair cells
Facultative anaerobe
Ribosome
2. Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract - the alimentary canal is the long muscular 'tube' that includes the mouth esophagus - somatch - small intesitne - and large intestine.
Acrosome
Alimentary canal
Postganglionic neuron
Nucleoside
3. An X- linked recessive disorder in Which blood fails to clot properly - leading to excessive bleeding if injured.
Hemophilia
Genotype
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
4. A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
Respiratory acidosis
Repolarization
Polyspermy
Hexokinase
5. MRNA that codes forsingle type of protein - such as is found in eukaryotic cells.
Monocistronic mRNA
Diastolic pressure
Endospore
Poly- A tail
6. A portion of DNA that codes for some product - usually a protein - including all regulatory sequences. Some genes code for rRNA and tRNA - which are not translated.
Gene
Tetanus
Oxidation
Lumen
7. A type of cell division (in diploid cells) that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Meiosis usualy produces haploid gametes in organisms that undergo sexual reproduction. It consists of a single interphase (G1 - S - and G2) followed by two set
Meiosis
Aminoacyl tRNA
Eukaryotic
Jejunum
8. A constant input to the arteries that keeps them somewhat constricted to maintain a basal level of blood pressure.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Antigen (Ag)
Adrenergic tone
Goblet cells
9. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary vein
NADH
Enterogasterone
Adipocyte
10. The basic functional and structural unit of the nervous system. The neuron is a highly specialized cell - designed to transmit action potentials.
tRNA
Passive transport
Angiotensin
Neuron
11. A large - mature - ovarian follicel with a well - developed antrum and a secondary oocyte. Ovulation of the oocyte occurs from this type of follicle.
Graafian follicle
Labor contractions
Intermediate filaments
Corona radiata
12. The failure of two separate genes to boey the Law of Independent Assortment - as might occur if the genes were found close together on the same chromosome.
Proximal convoluted tubuel
tRNA
Exocytosis
Linkage
13. A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions.
Antiporter
Cell surface receptor
Recombination frequency
Mitosis
14. The neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic division of the ANS at the postganglionic (organ - level ) synapse.
Longitudinal muscle
NADH
Cristae
Norepinephrine
15. Haploid cells resulting from the first meiotic division of spermatogenesis. Secondary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis II.
Pleiotropic gene
Secondary spermatocytes
Anaphase II
Heterochromatin
16. The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This could ocur during anaphase I of meiosis (homologous chromosomes) [--> leaving 2 gametes w/ 2 copies and 2 gametes w/ no copies of chromosome] -
Multipolar neuron
Nondisjunction
Mitochondrion
Cartilage
17. Also called negative feedback - the inhibition of an early step in a series of events by the product of a later step in the series. This has the effect of stopping the series of events when the products are plentiful and the series is unnecesseary. F
Bulbourethral galnds
Thin filament
Endocytosis
Feedback inhibition
18. An enzyme whose transcription can be stimulated by an abundance of its substrate (as opposed to repressible enzyme). Usually in catabolism.
Trypsin
Secretion
Inducible enzymes
Active transport
19. A gene appearing in a single copy in diploid organisms - e.g. X- linked genes in human males.
Hemizygous gene
Seminiferous tubules
Fimbriae
Cofactor
20. The entropy (disorder) of the universe (or system) tends to increase.
Okazaki fragments
Splicing
Vein
Second Law of Thermodynamics
21. The first portion of the nephron tubuel after the glomerulus. THe PCT is the site of most reabsorption; all filtered nutrients are reabsorbed here as well as most of the filtered water.
Coccus
Parasympathetic nervous system
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Afferent neuron
22. In the autonomic divison of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the CNS - and whose axon extends into the PNS to synapse with a second neuron at an autonoic ganglion. (The second neuron's axon synapses with the target axon)
Hydroxyapatite
Enterokinase
Nondisjunction
Preganglionic neuron
23. A nucleotide sequence on DNA that contians three elemtns: a coding sequence for one or more enzymes - *a coding sequence for a regulatory protein - and upstream regulatory sequences where the regulatory proteins can bind. An example is the lac operon
Envelope
Fibrinogen
Operon
Fimbriae
24. A single piece of double - stranded DNA; part of the genome of an organism. Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes and eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
Chromosome
Hfr bacterium
Exclusion
Alveoli
25. A protein found in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body that uses the energy of an ATP (hydrolyzes ATP) to move three Na+ ions out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell - thus establishing concentrations gradients for these ions across th
Na+/K+ ATPase
Start site
Calcitriol
Hematopoiesis
26. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the gonads. In females LH triggers ovulation and the development of a corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle; in males - LH stimulates the production and release of testosteron.
F (fertility) factor
Metaphase II
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenal medulla
27. An organism that will use oxygen (aerobic metabolism) if it is available - and that can ferment (anaerobic metabolism) if it is not.
Adrenergic tone
Lymph node
Facultative anaerobe
Corticosteroids
28. Swelling of tissues - sometimes caused by inflammation letting into many white blood cells (decreasing oncotic pressure at the end of the capillaries & not letting as much water back into capillaries & staying in tissues).
Tidal volume
Sertolli cells
Excitation - contraction coupling
Edema
29. A complex polymer of sugars and amino acids; the substance From which bacterial ell walls are made.
Peptidoglycan
Systole
Chylomicron
Photoreceptor
30. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Chemotaxis
Signal sequence
Ovulation
Metaphase I
31. The amount of energy required to produce the transition state of a chemical reaction. If the activation energy for a reaction is very high - the reaction occurs very slowly. Enzymes (and other catalysts) increase reaction rates by reducing activation
Androgens
Intercalcated discs
Signal sequence
Activation energy (Ea)
32. A genotype in which two identical alleles are possessed for a given gene. The allelles can both be dominant (homozygous dominant) or both be recessive (homozygous recessive)
Lower esophageal sphincter
Homozygous
Exclusion
Lactic acid
33. An organism that utilizes light as its primary energy source.
Dendrite
Phototroph
Homologous chromosomes
Gray matter
34. A region within the nucleus where rRNA is transribed and ribosomes are partially assembled.
Neuron
Arousal
Nucleolus
Ovarian cycle
35. The outer protein coat of a virus (the whole coat)
Chorion
Bone marrow
Capsid
Pancreas
36. A cell that produces bone.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Osteoblast
Mitosis
Vitamin
37. The layer of granulosa cells taht surround an oocyte after is has been ovulated.
Universal acceptor
Creatine Phosphate
Afferent neuron
Corona radiata
38. Also called thryoid hormone - thyroxine is produced and secreted by follicle cells in the thyroid gland. it targets all cells in the body and increases overall body metabolism.
Thyroxine
Androgens
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Corpus luteum
39. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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40. The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within teh Gi tract - and is linked to the central nervous system.
Ligand
Pleural pressure
Enteric nervous system
Chyme
41. The percentage of wholeblood made up of erythrocytes The typical hematocrit value is between 40-45%.
S phase
Tendon
Penetrance
Hematocrit
42. A kinase in smooth muscle cells activated by calmodulin the presence of Ca2+. As its name implies - this kinase phosphorylates myosin - activating it so that muscle contraction can occur.
Synapse
Anterioir pituitary gland
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
Insulin
43. The space between the inner and outer cell membranes in Gram - negative bactera. The peptidoglycan cell wall is found in the periplasmic space - and this space sometimes contains enzymes to degrade antibiotics.
Endoderm
Nonsense mutation
Periplasmic space
Synovial fluid
44. Also known as the cortical reaction - the slow block invovles an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in the egg - which causes the release of cortical granules near the egg plasma membrane. This results in the hardening of the zona pellucida and its sep
Semicircular canals
NADH
Small intestine
Slow block to polyspermy
45. One of the four aromatic bases found in RNA. Uracil is pyrimidine; it pairs with adnenine.
Lawn
Uracil
Bowman's capsule
Medium
46. An organism that has only a single copy of its genome in each of its cells. Haploid organisms possess no homolous chromosomes.
Morula
Clathrin
Peptidoglycan
Haploid organism
47. The final section (approximately 55%) of the small intestine.
Central Nervous System
Stomach
Voltage - gated ion channel
Ileum
48. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
A band
Secretion
Plasma cell
RNA polymerase
49. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
Kinase
NADH
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Osmotic pressure
50. The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
Secondary oocyte
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Pyloric sphincter
Loop of Henle