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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 'Yellow body.' The remnants of an ovarian follicle after ovulation has occurred. The cells enlarge and begin secreting progesterone - the dominant female hormone during the second half of the menstrual cycle. Some estrogen is also secreted.
Corpus luteum
Stroke volume
Semicircular canals
Tolerant anaerobe
2. Microscopic outward folds of the cells lining the small intestine; microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.
Operon
Microvilli
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Epiphysis
3. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Aldosterone
Osteoclast
Renal tubule
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
4. The division of the peripheral nervous system that innervates and controls the skeletal muscles; also known as the voluntary nervous system.
Somatic nervous system
Oxytocin
Centromere
Heterotroph
5. An **inorganic molecule that associates non - covalently with an enzyme and that is required for the proper functioning of the enzyme
Medulla oblongata
Nodes of Ranvier
Cofactor
Diastole
6. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Relication fork(s)
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Tetanus
7. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase I
Myoglobin
Secretin
Dynein
8. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
Hemophilia
Secondary sex characteristics
Polar body
NADH
9. A red blood cell; they are filled with hemoglobin - and teh function of the erythrocytes is to carry oxygen in the blood.
Erythrocyte
Coenzyme
Glucagon
Anal sphincter
10. A lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid of an animal virus. the envelope is acquired as teh virus buds out through the plasma membrane of its host cell. Not all annimal viruses possess and envelope.
Mesoderm
Proliferative phase
Envelope
Plasma cell
11. The space between the inner and outer cell membranes in Gram - negative bactera. The peptidoglycan cell wall is found in the periplasmic space - and this space sometimes contains enzymes to degrade antibiotics.
Uterus
Periplasmic space
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Erythrocyte
12. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.
Plasmid
Start site
Uracil
Cardiac conduction system
13. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.
Semicircular canals
Metaphase I
Photoreceptor
Antigen presenting cell
14. Very small air tubes int eh respiratory system (diameter 0.5 - 1.0 mm). The walls of the bronchioles are made of smooth muscle (thus involunatry) to help regulate air flow.
Cerebellum
Pleura
Bronchioles
Thecal cells
15. The main air tube leading into the respiratory system. The trachea is made of alternating rings of cartilage and connective tissue.
Crossing over
Secretion
Trachea
Effector organ
16. Sperm production; occurs in human males on a daily basis from puberty until death. Spermatogenesis results in the production of four mature gametes (sperm) from a single precursor cell (spermatogonium). For maximum sperm viability - spermatogenesis r
Oval window
Spermatogenesis
Homozygous
Gustatory receptors
17. A mechanism by which the stroke volume of the heart is increased by increasing the venous return of the heart (thus stretching the ventricular muscle).
Peristalsis
Frank Starling mechanism
Hydroxyapatite
Cervix
18. A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical disturbances - such as shape changes (being squashed - bent - pulled - etc.). Mechanoreceptors include touch receptors in the skin - hair cells - in the ear - muscle spindles - and others.
Purkinje fibers
Mechanoreceptors
Calmodulin
Oxidation
19. Something that acts to oppose the action of something else. For example - muscles that move a join in oppoiste direction are said to be antagonists.
Intercostal muscles
Periplasmic space
Desmosome
Antagonist
20. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Mechanoreceptors
Secondary spermatocytes
Centromere
Lipoprotein
21. The non - specific uptake of solid material by a cell accomplished by englufing the particle with plasma membrane and drawing it into the cell.
Epistasis
Epithelial tissue
Meiosis
Phagocytosis
22. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Large intestine
Summation
Oxaloacetate
Voltage - gated ion channel
23. A poysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of insects.
Chitin
Polyspermy
yngergist
Gap junction
24. The regino of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
Resting membrane potential
Tetanus
I band
Duodenum
25. A structure composed of two coils of DNA wrapped around an octet of histone proteins. The nucleosome is the primary form of packagin of eukaryotic DNA.
Plaque
Norepinephrine
Nucleosome
Point mutation
26. A layer of cells surroudning the granulosa cells of the follicles in an ovary. Thecal cells help produce the estrogen secreted from the follicle during the first phase of the ovarian cycle.
Follicle
Amylase
Optic disk
Thecal cells
27. Globular protein that assist in DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Histones form octamers around which DNA is wound to form a nucleosome.
Growth hormone
Milk letdown
Proteins
Histones
28. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Dorsal root ganglion
Histones
Aqueous humor
Downstream
29. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.
Excitation - contraction coupling
Phospholipid
Autosome
Symporter
30. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
Phagocytosis
Troponin
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
IPSP
31. The reduced from (carries electrons) of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). this is the other main electron carrier in cellular respiration (NADH is the most common).
Labor contractions
FADH2
Seminiferous tubules
Posterior pituitary gland
32. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that respond to dim light and provide us with black and white vision.
Mitosis
Relication fork(s)
Allosteric regulation
Rods
33. The muscular femal organ - in which a baby develops during pregnancy.
Uterus
Sex- linked rait
Embryonic stage
Lymphatic system
34. A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus - often without conscious brain involvement.
Reflex arc
Edema
Goblet cells
Gyrase
35. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
Primary spermatocytes
Semiconservative replication
Motor unit
Angiotensin
36. The protective - connective tissue wrapping of the central nervous system (the dura mater - arachnoid mater - and pia mater).
Meninges
Analogous structures
Catalyst
Osteoblast
37. A law of population genetics that states that the frequencies of alleles in a given gene pool do not change over time. There are five assumptions required for this law to hold true: there must be no mutation - there must be no migration - there must
Capacitation
Platelets
Hardy- Weinberg law
Peripheral chemoreceptors
38. The membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear.
Acid hydrolases
Oval window
Carbohydrates
Sphincter of Oddi
39. The membrane surrounding the DNA in eukaryotic cells made of two lipid bilayers.
Stomach
Lactic acid
Jejunum
Nuclear envelope
40. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Prokaryote
Sarcomere
Chromosome
Pyruvic acid
41. A solid clump of cells resulting from cleavage in the early embryo. Because there is very little growth of these cells during cleavage - the morula is ony about as large as the original zygote.
Peroxisome
Heterochromatin
Law of Independent Assortment
Morula
42. A neuron that carries information (action potentials) away from the central nervous system; a motor neuron.
Sclera
Carbohydrates
Efferent neuron
Acid hydrolases
43. An abdominal organ that is considered part of the immune system. THe spleen has four functions: (1) it filters antigen from the blood (2) it is the site of B cell maturation - (3) it stors blood - and (4) it destroys old red blood cells.
Ejaculation
Spleen
Seminiferous tubules
Spongy bone
44. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Homeostasis
Formed elements
Tonsils
Analogous structures
45. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
Cochlea
Atrioventricular valves
Cooperativity
Autoimmune reaction
46. A type of cell division (in diploid cells) that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Meiosis usualy produces haploid gametes in organisms that undergo sexual reproduction. It consists of a single interphase (G1 - S - and G2) followed by two set
Ectoderm
Microfilament
Matrix
Meiosis
47. An organism that requires oxygen to survive (aerobic metabolism only).
Obligate aerobe
Antiparallel orientation
Anaphase
Histones
48. Movement that is directed by chemical gradients - such as nutrients or toxins. (seen in some bacteria)
Interleukin
Alveoli
Chemotaxis
Granulosa cells
49. A subset of a species consisting of members that mate and reproduce with one another.
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Population
5' cap
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
50. The specialization of cell types - especially during the embryonic and fetal development.
Somatic nervous system
Carbohydrates
Loose connective tissue
Differentiation