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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The inner layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the circular muscle contracts - the tube diameter is reduced. Certain areas of the circular muscle are thickened to act as valves (sphincters).
Retinal
Trophoblast
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Circular smooth muscles
2. An immune reaction directed against normal (necessary ) cells.Fo example - diabets melitus (typeI) is an autoimmun reaction directed against teh beta cells of the pancrease (destorying them and preventing insulin secretion) and aginst insulin itself.
Primary immune response
Universal donor
Hyperpolarization
Autoimmune reaction
3. A group of sensory neuron cell bodies found just posterior to the spinal cord on either side. A pair of root ganglia exists for each spinal nerve that expands from the spinal cord. The ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Downstream
Thymine
Dorsal root ganglion
Purkinje fibers
4. The specific site on an antigenic molecule that binds to a T cell receptor or to an antibody.
Urinary sphincter
Common bile duct
Epitope
Gastrin
5. The transfre by a lysogenic virus of a portion of a host cell genome to a new host.
Respiratory acidosis
Transduction
Proliferative phase
Humoral immunity
6. MRna that codes for several different proteins by utliizing different reading frames - nested genets - etc. Polycistronic mRNa is a characteristic of prokaryotes.
Poycistronic mRNA
Zona pellucida
Intercalcated discs
IPSP
7. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Ileum
Complement system
5' cap
Efferent neuron
8. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.
Long bone
Thymine
Primary spermatocytes
Epistasis
9. The membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear.
Voltage - gated ion channel
Oval window
Repressible enzyme
Phototroph
10. A nonliving - intracellular parasite. Viruses are typically just pieces of nucleic aid surrounded by a protein coat.
Synovial fluid
Leukocyte
Bile
Virus
11. A poysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of insects.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Lawn
Chitin
ATP synthase
12. The product of glycolysis; 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule. In the absence of oxygen - pyruvic acid undergoes fermentation and is reduced to either lactic acid or ethanol; in the presence of oxygen - py
Pyruvic acid
Relative refractory period
Corpus luteum
Inflammation
13. A waste product of protein dbreakdown - produced by the liver and relased into the bloodstream to be eliminated by the kidney.
Frameshift mutation
Chymotrypsin
Mechanoreceptors
Urea
14. A band of carilage (hyaline) found between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones during childhood and adolescence. Cell proliferation in the middle of the eiphyseal plate essentially forces teh diaphysis and epiphyses further apart - while the ol
Epiphyseal plate
Aorta
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Gram - positive bacteria
15. One of the two peripheral nervous system supporting (glial) cells. Schwann cells from he myelin sheath on axons of peripheral neurons.
B cell
Schwann cell
Growth hormone
Polysaccharides
16. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.
Ligand - gated ion channel
Nucleolus
Ligand
Fimbriae
17. The rapid mitotic division of a zygot that being within 24-36 hours after fertilization
Plaque
Distal convoluted tubule
Thymine
Cleavage
18. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Secretin
Hardy- Weinberg law
Sebaceous gland
Pancreas
19. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Retinal
Hemostasis
Endometrium
Large intestine
20. One of the contractie proteins in muscle tissue. In skeletal and cardiac muscles - myosin forms the thick filaments. Myosin has intrinsic ATPase activity and can exist in two conformation - either high energy or low energy.
Oxidation
Endocrine gland
Myosin
Granulosa cells
21. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a new codon that specifies the same amion acid.
Macula densa
Lymph node
Silent mutation
Spermatid
22. A statistical rule stating that the probability of two independent events occuring together is the product of their individual probabilities.
Soma
Translation
Competitive inhibitor
Rule of multiplication
23. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Graafian follicle
Cardiac muscle
Temporal summation
Peptide hormone
24. A bacterium having a spiral shape (plural = spirochetes)
Spirochete
Atrium
Osteoblast
Phagocytosis
25. The bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
Collagen
FSH
Log phase
Peptide bond
26. The intracellular process triggered by the binding of a ligand to its receptor on the cell surface. Typically this activates seond messenger pathways.
Downstream
Signal transduction
Secondary sex characteristics
Interphase
27. The three glands in the male reproductive system that reproduce semen: the seminal vesicles - the prostate - and the
Homologous chromosomes
NADH
Myofiber
Accessory glands
28. The layer of granulosa cells taht surround an oocyte after is has been ovulated.
Oxytocin
Parasite
Intermediate filaments
Corona radiata
29. The movement of a hydrophobic molecule across the plasma membrane of cell - down its concentration gradient. Since the molecule can esialy interact with the lipid bilayer - no additional help (such as a channel or pore) is required.
Simple diffsuion
Silent mutation
Peripheral resistance
Adenohypophis
30. The phase of the cell cycle during which the genome is replicated.
Release factor
Plasma
Active transport
S phase
31. The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction.
Mitosis
Hyperpolarization
T tubules
Feedback inhibition
32. A genotype in which two different alleles are possessed for a given gene.
Lagging strand
Polyspermy
Erectile tissue
Heterozygous
33. The string between beads of DNA on histones. They are also wrapped around a single histone - called linker histone - may not really have to know..
Synovial fluid
Analogous structures
Transcription
Linker DNA
34. Movement of a hydrophilic molecuel across the plasma membrane of a cell - down its concentration gradient - through a channel - pore - or carrier molecule in the membrane. Because the hydrophilic nature of the molecule - it requires a special path th
Adenine
Osmosis
Seminal vesicles
Facilitated diffusion
35. The volume of blood pumped out the heart in a single contraction.
Mitosis
Stroke volume
Epithelial tissue
Diploid organism
36. A virus with an RNA genome (e.g. HIV) that undergoes a lysogenic life cycle in a host with a double stranded DNA genome. In order to integrate its genome with the host cell genome - the virus must first reverse trasncribe its RNA genome to DNA.
Wolffian ducts
Retrovirus
Rule of addition
Secretory phase
37. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Spongy bone
Aqueous humor
Linker DNA
Juxtaglomerular cells.
38. A thin (4 mm) layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the conscious mind - and is functionally divided into four pairs of lobes: the frontal lobes - the parietal lobes - the temporal lobes - and the occ
Respiratory acidosis
Oncotic pressure
Cerebral cortex
Growth hormone
39. A prokaryotic enzyme used to twist teh single circular chromosome of prokaryotes upon itself to form supercois. Supercoiling helps to compact prokaryotic DNa and make it sturdier.
Calcitriol
Macrophage
Gyrase
Ligand
40. A nucleotide sequence on DNA that contians three elemtns: a coding sequence for one or more enzymes - *a coding sequence for a regulatory protein - and upstream regulatory sequences where the regulatory proteins can bind. An example is the lac operon
Antiparallel orientation
Telophase I
rRNA
Operon
41. A chromosome that does not determine gender (is not a sex chromosome). Humans have two sex chromsomes and 22 autosomes.
Vestibular glands
Ion channel
Heterotroph
Autosome
42. Receptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta that monitor blood pH to help regulate ventilation rate.
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Pupil
Heterochromatin
Spermatid
43. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'resting and digesting' system. It causes a general decrease in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to the GI tract and d
Parasympathetic nervous system
Ovarian cycle
Rule of multiplication
Pyloric sphincter
44. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Gap phase
Enterogasterone
Ovulation
Anterioir pituitary gland
45. The perio of time during which the ventricles of the heart are relaxed.
Perfusion
Effector organ
Diastole
Bohr effect
46. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Ovary
Sertolli cells
Thalamus
Population
47. The flow of blood through a tissue; ischeia is when there is no blood flow - anoxia when there is no O2 available (ischemia is more dangerous b/c of waste build - up)
Perfusion
Sarcolemma
Vitreous humor
Sex- linked rait
48. A hormone released by teh G cells of the stomach in the presence of food. Gastrin promotes muscular activity of the stomach as well as secretion of hydrochloric acid - pepsinogen - and mucus.
Adrenergic tone
Gastrin
Fertilization
Hematocrit
49. The function unit of the kidney. Each kidney has about a million nehprons; this is where blood filtration and subsequent modification of the filtrate occurs. The nephron empties into collecting ducts - which empty into the ureter.
Diaphragm
Linker DNA
Parietal cells
Nephron
50. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Cerebral cortex
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Resolution