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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A law of population genetics that states that the frequencies of alleles in a given gene pool do not change over time. There are five assumptions required for this law to hold true: there must be no mutation - there must be no migration - there must
Placenta
Secondary oocyte
Hardy- Weinberg law
Cooperativity
2. Partially digested - semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.
Oxytocin
Stop codon
Chyme
Hydroxyapatite
3. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Endospore
Fimbriae
Release factor
Capacitation
4. A bacterial enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA nucleotide sequence and that cuts the double helix at a specific site within the sequence.
Restriction endonuclease
Peripheral membrane protein
Semen
MHC
5. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Renal absorption
Cardiac muscle
Connective tissue
Lysogenic cycle
6. The non - specific uptake of solid material by a cell accomplished by englufing the particle with plasma membrane and drawing it into the cell.
Phagocytosis
Nuclear localization sequence
Medulla
Antibody (Ab)
7. In skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue - a filament composed of bundles of myosin molecules. The myosin head groups attach to the thick filaments and pull the toward the center of the sarcomere during muscle contraction.
hick filament
Homologous chromosomes
Osteon
Longitudinal muscle
8. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.
Villi
Hexokinase
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Trypsin
9. A projection of the cell body of a neuron that recieves a nerve impulse form a different neuron and send the impulse to the cell body. Neurons can have one or several dendrites!
Translation
Dendrite
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Osmosis
10. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
Ligament
Luteal phase
Acetyl - CoA
Oogonium
11. The period of time following an action potential when it is possible - but difficult - for the neuron to fire a second action potential due to the fact that membrane is further from theshold potential (hyperpolarized).
Oogonium
Loose connective tissue
Relative refractory period
Urea
12. The regino of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
I band
Placental villi
Neuralation
Transversion mutation
13. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Nodes of Ranvier
Stomach
Large intestine
Seminal vesicles
14. The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles (during systole).
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Tympanic membrane
Systolic pressure
Hardy- Weinberg law
15. The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
Gene
Cardiac muscle
Pyloric sphincter
Cervix
16. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Thymus
I band
Pepsin
Glycolipid
17. The allele in a heterozygou genotype that is not expressed; the phenotype resulting from possession of two recessive alleles (homozygous recessive).
Recessive
Microvilli
Adipocyte
Distal convoluted tubule
18. Small organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced as a byproduct of lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by way of the enzyme catalase.
Peroxisome
Osteoblast
Ectoderm
Synapse
19. Also known as the cortical reaction - the slow block invovles an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in the egg - which causes the release of cortical granules near the egg plasma membrane. This results in the hardening of the zona pellucida and its sep
Aminoacyl tRNA
Slow block to polyspermy
Systemic circulation
Phagocytosis
20. The ends of a saromere.
Lagging strand
Submucosa
Vas deferens
Z lines
21. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.
Active site
Respiratory acidosis
Pharynx
Plasmid
22. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Calcitonin
Cortisol
Inner cell mass
Peristalsis
23. Sensory receptors found in the inner ear. Cochlear hair cells respond to vibration in the cochlea caused by sound waves and vestibular hair cells respond to changes in position and acceleration (used for balance).
Chylomicron
Preganglionic neuron
Hair cells
Liver
24. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Hardy- Weinberg law
Yolk sac
Vasa recta
Primary active transport
25. The muscle tissue of the heart Cardiac muscle is striated - uninucleate - and under involuntary control (controlled by teh autonomic nervous system). Note also that cardiac muscle is self - stimulatory - and autonomic control serves only to modify th
Appendix
Cardiac muscle
Ganglion
Noncompetitive inhibitor
26. An enzyme that lyses bacterial cell walls. Lysozyme is produced in the end stages of the lytic cycle so that new viral particles can escape their hosst; it is also found in human tears and human saliva.
Capsid
Lysozyme
Vein
Periperal nervous system
27. An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; also called DNA ligase. This enzyme is usedd during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research.
Nuclear localization sequence
Memory cell
Amphipathic
Ligase
28. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Fermentation
Repressible enzyme
Midbrain
Zymogen
29. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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30. The third phase of meiosis II. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are finally spearated at their centromeres and puled to opposite sides of teh cell. Note that anaphase II is identical to mitotic anaphase - excep the number of chromosmes was re
Anaphase II
Cortex
Diencephalon
Secretion
31. The hollow center of an osteon - also known as a Haversian canal. The central canal contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic vessels - and nerves. Bone is laid down around the central canal in concentric rings called lamellae.
Central canal
Pacemaker potential
Inflammation
Epididymis
32. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Oxidation
Labor contractions
Secondary spermatocytes
33. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Tendon
Fluid mosaic model
Vestibular glands
Parietal cells
34. A solid clump of cells resulting from cleavage in the early embryo. Because there is very little growth of these cells during cleavage - the morula is ony about as large as the original zygote.
Ciliary muscles
Plaque
Channel protein
Morula
35. The largest artery in teh body; the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart.
Cecum
Aorta
Testcross
Chief cells
36. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.
Amphipathic
Ligament
Polysaccharides
Systemic circulation
37. A long - coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.
Parietal cells
Portal systems
Epididymis
F (fertility) factor
38. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.
Loop of Henle
Ligand
Crossing over
Interphase
39. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the gonads. In females LH triggers ovulation and the development of a corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle; in males - LH stimulates the production and release of testosteron.
Epithelial tissue
Adipocyte
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Atrioventricular (AV) node
40. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Long bone
Sarcolemma
Thrombus
Ptyalin
41. A rigid structure at the top of the trachea (so it is part of trachea - I assume) made completely out of cartilage. The larynx has three main functions: (1) its rigidness ensures that the trachea is held open (provides an open airway). (2) the epiglo
Thecal cells
Ptyalin
Larynx
Osteon
42. The muscular femal organ - in which a baby develops during pregnancy.
Transcription
Ejaculation
Uterus
Hfr bacterium
43. A methylated guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA. The cap is necessary to initiate translation of mRNA
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44. A small cell with extremely little cytoplasm that results from the unequal cytoplasmic divsion of the primary (produces the first polar body) and the secondary (produces the second polary body) oocytes during meiosis (oogenesis). The polar bodies deg
Thrombus
Pulmonary circulation
Polar body
Divergent evolution
45. The largest of the cytoplasmic filaments. Microtubules are composed of two types of protein - alpha tubulin and beta tubulin. They are dynamic fibers - constantly being built up and broken down - according to cellular needs. Microtubules form the mit
Canaliculus
Erythrocyte
Microtubule
Plasmid
46. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
Kinase
Vaccination
Morula
Calcitriol
47. Anterior pituitary gland
Frank Starling mechanism
Anaphase II
NADH
Adenohypophis
48. The fusion of a sperm with an ovum during sexual reproduction. Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine tubes and requires capacitation of the sperm and relase of the acrosomal enzymes. Fertilization is a species - specific process - requiring b
Seondary active transport
Synaptic cleft
Fertilization
Bacilus
49. A bacterium having a spiral shape (plural = spirochetes)
Lysosome
Ganglion
Spirochete
Helicase
50. A structure near the middle of eukaryotic chromosomes to which the fibers of the mitotic spindle attach during cell division.
rRNA
Interleukin
Motor unit
Centromere