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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. Peripheral resistance increases if arteries constrict (diameter decreases) - and an increase in peripheral resistance leads t o an increase in blood pressure.
Androgens
Peripheral resistance
Law of Segregation
Parasite
2. Strong contractions of the uterus (stimulated by oxytoncin) that force a baby out of the mother's baby during childbirth. Labor contractions are part of a positive feedback cycle - during which the baby's head stretches the cervix - which stimulates
Angiotensin
F1 generation
Anterioir pituitary gland
Labor contractions
3. The location on a chromosome where transcription begins.
Lipid
Start site
Gray matter
Total lung capacity
4. An organelle surrounded by a double=membrane (two lipid bilayers) where ATP production takes place. The interior (matrix) is where PDC and the Krebs cycle occur - and the inner membrane contains the enzymes of the electron trasport chain and ATP synt
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Fast block to polyspermy
Mitochondrion
Transduction
5. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Aqueous humor
Totipotent
Cooperativity
5' cap
6. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Anal sphincter
yngergist
Central canal
Proprioreceptor
7. A statistical rule stating that the probability of two independent events occuring together is the product of their individual probabilities.
Prosthetic group
Rule of multiplication
B cell
Electrical synapse
8. The secretion of a cellular product to the extracellular medium through a secretory vesicle.
Cell surface receptor
Exocytosis
Anaphase I
Peripheral chemoreceptors
9. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.
Villi
Parietal cells
Electron transport chain
Resolution
10. The birth canal; the stretchy - muscular passageway through which a baby exits the uterus during childbirth.
Vagina
Venous returns
Nucleus
Disaccharide
11. The specialization of cell types - especially during the embryonic and fetal development.
Meiosis
Differentiation
Atrium
Primary immune response
12. The combination of alleles of an organism carries. In a homozygous genotype - both alleles are the same - whereas in a heterozygous gentorype the alleles are different.
Pharynx
Genotype
Menopause
Pleiotropic gene
13. A layer of cells surroudning the granulosa cells of the follicles in an ovary. Thecal cells help produce the estrogen secreted from the follicle during the first phase of the ovarian cycle.
Uterus
Cartilage
Thecal cells
Neurotransmitter
14. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Chemoreceptor
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Parietal cells
Plasma
15. (singular alveolus.) Tiny sacs - with walls only a single cell layer thick found at the end of the respiratory bronchiole tree. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system.
Chitin
Alveoli
Autotroph
Skeletal muscle
16. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Microfilament
P site
Tendon
Secondary oocyte
17. A thick - gelatinous fluid found in the posterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the retina). The vireous humor is only produced during fetal development and helps maintain intraocular pressure (the pressure inside the eyeball).
Origin of replication
Adrenergic tone
Stop codon
Vitreous humor
18. An enzyme whose transcription can be stopped by an abundance of its product (as opposed to inducible enzymes). Usually part of anabolism of product.
Neuron
Topoisomerase
Competitive inhibitor
Repressible enzyme
19. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Liver
Brush border enzymes
Motor unit recruitment
Vitreous humor
20. The 'blind spot' of the eye - this is where the axons of the ganglion cells exist the retinal to form the optic nerve. There are no photoreceptors in the optic disk.
Metaphase
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Optic disk
Seminal vesicles
21. The third stage of cellular respiration - in which acetyl - CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to form citric acid. The citric acid is then decarboxylated twice and isomerized to recreate oxaloacetate. In the process - 3 molecules of NADH - 1 molecule
Krebs cycle
Neuromuscular junction
Competitive inhibitor
Sertolli cells
22. The specific location on a DNa strand where replication begins.. Prokaryotes typically have a single origin of replication - while eukaryotes have several per chromosome.
Origin of replication
Actin
Complement system
Temporal summation
23. A hormone produced and secreted by teh adrenal medulla that prolongs and increases teh effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Antiporter
Epinephrine
Guanine
24. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
Competitive inhibitor
Aqueous humor
Interneuron
Angiotensin
25. One of the two small chambers in the heart that receive blood and pass it on to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from teh body through the superior and inferiro vena cavae - adn the left atrium receives oxygenated blood fr
Atrium
Prophase I
Relative refractory period
Wolffian ducts
26. A microscopic space between the axon of one neuron and the cell body or dendrites of a secon neruon - or between the axon of a neuron and an organ.
Upsteam
Competitive inhibitor
Olfactory receptors
Synaptic cleft
27. Pairing of homologus chromosomes in a diploid cell - as occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
Synapsis
Mutualism
Polyspermy
Oxidative phosphorylation
28. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
Exon
Lysosome
Endoderm
Luteal phase
29. One of the two peripheral nervous system supporting (glial) cells. Schwann cells from he myelin sheath on axons of peripheral neurons.
Schwann cell
Power stroke
Systemic circulation
Differentiation
30. The unit of combact bone - also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal - and is where blood vessels - nervs - and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down
Secondary spermatocytes
Osteon
Relication fork(s)
Nonsense mutation
31. A protein channel in the nuclear envelope that llows the free passage of molecules smaller than 60 kD.
Wolffian ducts
Nuclear pore
Electrical synapse
Chemoreceptor
32. Chemoreceptors on the tongue that respond to chemicals in a food.
Activation energy (Ea)
Gustatory receptors
Hardy- Weinberg law
Ventricle
33. An organism that cannot make its own food - and thus must ingest other organisms.
Tropic hormone
Homozygous
Heterotroph
Accessory glands
34. Active transport that releies on an established concentration gradient - typically set up by a primary active transporter. Secondary active transport relies on ATP indirectly.
Phagocytosis
Glomerulus
Capsid
Seondary active transport
35. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Promoter
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Diffusion
Temporal summation
36. Muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow organs - e.g. - blood vessels - the digestive tract - the uterus - etc. Smooth muscle is non - striated - uninucleate - and under involuntary control (controlled by the autonomic nervous system).
hCG
Spirochete
Smooth muscle
Active transport
37. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.
Secretin
Nucleolus
Sebaceous gland
Intron
38. The depolarzation of the motor end plate on a muscle cell.
Sex- linked rait
Avascular
End plate potential
Organogenesis
39. The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle - during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the controll of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during
Chymotrypsin
Secretory phase
Ileocecal valve
Polar body
40. A neuron - to - neuron - neuron - to - organ - or muscle to cell - to - muscle cell junction.
Secondary oocyte
Corpus callosum
Olfactory receptors
Synapse
41. The shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis is hollow and is made entirely from compact bone.
Cleavage
Systemic circulation
Gap junction
Diaphysis
42. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.
Peristalsis
Plasmid
Bohr effect
Functional synctium
43. A smooth sustained muscle contraction - such as occurs in skeletal muscle when stimulation frequency is high enough (this is the normal type of contraction exhibited by skeletal muscle).
Milk letdown
Tetanus
Capsid
Renin
44. The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at teh AV node - allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract.
Anaphase I
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Spongy bone
45. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA. Thymine is a pyrimidine; it pairs with adenine.
Lacunae
Primary bronchi
Thymine
Sertolli cells
46. The fraction of teh end - diastolic volume ejected from the ventricles in a single contraction of teh heart. THe ejection fraction is normally around 60% of the end diastolic volume.
Atrioventricular valves
Ejection fraction
Epiglottis
Upsteam
47. Lacking a blood supply; cartialge is an example of this
Avascular
Peripheral membrane protein
Placental villi
Chromosome
48. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus
Genetic code
Placental villi
Competitive inhibitor
A band
49. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
tRNA
Okazaki fragments
Homologous chromosomes
Cervix
50. In the autonomic division of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the autonomic ganglion (where a preganglionic neuron synapses with it) and whose axon synapses with the target axon.
Inducible enzymes
Spirochete
Postganglionic neuron
Norepinephrine
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