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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle - during which the endometrium (shed off during menstration is rebuilt). This phase of the cycle is under the control of estrogen - secreted from the follicle developing in the ovary during this tim
Envelope
Ventricle
Proliferative phase
Respiratory acidosis
2. A neuron - to - neuron - neuron - to - organ - or muscle to cell - to - muscle cell junction.
Morula
Heterochromatin
Synapse
Feedback inhibition
3. One of the two ends of long bone (pl: eiphyses). The epiphyses have an outer shell made of compact bone and inner core of spongy bone. The spongy bone is filled with red bone marrow - the stie of blood cell formation.
Collagen
Epiphysis
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Ligand
4. The fraction of teh end - diastolic volume ejected from the ventricles in a single contraction of teh heart. THe ejection fraction is normally around 60% of the end diastolic volume.
Lumen
Action potential
Ejection fraction
mRNA
5. The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient - since where solutes are concentrated - water i
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Prosthetic group
Osmosis
Postganglionic neuron
6. Cells that possess MHC II (B cells and macrophages) and are able to display bits of ingested antigen on their surface in order to activate T cells. See also 'MHC'
Obligate aerobe
Antigen presenting cell
Oxidation
Nonsense mutation
7. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Sertolli cells
Carbohydrates
Nociceptors
Operator
8. Physical structures in two different organism that have funcitonal similarity due to their evoluntion in a common environment - but have different underlying structure. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution.
Optic disk
Appendix
Nucleoside
Analogous structures
9. The opening to the uterus The ervix is typically plugged with a sticky acidic mucus during non - fertile times (to form a barrier against the entry of pathogens) - however during ovulation the mucus becomes more watery and alkaline to facilitate sper
Rule of addition
Enterogasterone
Cervix
Inhibin
10. A nucleoside with one or more phosphate gropus attached. Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are the building blocks of RNA and are also used as energy molecules - especially ATP. Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA; in t
Outer ear
Retina
Nucleotide
Effector organ
11. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.
Villi
Autoimmune reaction
Recessive
Cooperativity
12. An enzyme inhibitor that binds at a site other than the active sit of an enzyme (binds at an allosteric site). THis changes the three - dimensional shape of the enzyme such that it can no longer catalyze the reaction
Macrophage
Artery
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Cornea
13. A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads) - detoxification (in liver cells) - and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells).
Albumin
Spleen
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Gametogenesis
14. A cell that produces bone.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Sex- linked rait
Gastrin
Osteoblast
15. Very small tube or channel - such as is found between lacunae (connecting them together) in compact bone.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Phenotype
Canaliculus
Nondisjunction
16. A nucleotide sequence on DNA that contians three elemtns: a coding sequence for one or more enzymes - *a coding sequence for a regulatory protein - and upstream regulatory sequences where the regulatory proteins can bind. An example is the lac operon
Antagonist
Nonsense mutation
Operon
Primary active transport
17. Receptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta that monitor blood pH to help regulate ventilation rate.
Interneuron
Nephron
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Cornea
18. The cerebral hemispheres.
Semilunar valves
Telencephalon
Ossicles
Anaphase
19. An X- linked recessive disorder in Which blood fails to clot properly - leading to excessive bleeding if injured.
Lacunae
Central canal
Operon
Hemophilia
20. Paired glands near the posterior side of the vaginal that secrete an alkaline mucus upon sexual arousal. The mucus helps to reduce the acidity of the vagina (which could be harmful to sperm) and lubricates the vagina to facilitate penetration.
Anticodon
Transcription
Prostate
Vestibular glands
21. The portion of the ear consisting of the pinna and the external auditory canal. The outer ear is separated from the middle ear by the tympanic membrane (the eardrum).
Hair cells
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
Outer ear
Lacteals
22. The membranes that line the surface of the lungs (visceral pleura) and the inside wall of the chest cavity (parietal pleura).
Sympathic nervous system
Motor unit recruitment
Pleura
Cilia
23. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Allosteric regulation
Endospore
Vasa recta
Temporal summation
24. The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller precursors - e.g. digesion of starch into glucose.
Catabolism
Splicing
Thyroxine
Heterozygous
25. The formatino of the nervous system during weeks 5-8 of gestation. Neuralation begins when a section of the ectoderm invaginates and pinches off to form the neural groove - which ultimately forms the neural tube - From which the brain and spinal cord
Monocistronic mRNA
Neuralation
Telomere
Hepatic portal vein
26. A small - extrachromosomal (outside the genome) - circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotes.
Urinary sphincter
Sex- linked rait
Plasmid
Prophase I
27. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Ceruminous gland
Translation
Interstitial cell
Central chemoreceptors
28. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Common bile duct
Sarcolemma
Nuclear envelope
Juxtaglomerular cells.
29. The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Replication bubbles
Urethra
Diffusion
Cristae
30. Something that works together with another thing to augment the the second thing's activity. For example - a uscle that assists another muslce is said to be a syngergist. An enzyme that helps another enzyme is a synergist.
Histones
White matter
Polyspermy
yngergist
31. The mechanism described by Charles Darwin that drives evolution. Through mutation - some organisms possess genes that make them better adapted to their environment. These organisms survive and reproduce more than those that do not possess the benefic
Natural selection
Ejection fraction
Urinary sphincter
Restriction endonuclease
32. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.
Antigen presenting cell
Symporter
Nociceptors
Lag phase
33. The period of human development from implantation through 8 weeks of gestation. Gastrulation - neurulation - and organogenesis occur during this time period. The developing baby is known as embryo during this time period.
Osteoclast
Hypothalamus
Embryonic stage
Fetal stage
34. The portion of the hindbrain that controls respiratory and blood pressure - and specialized digestive and respiratory functions such as vomiting - sneezing - and coughing.
Conjugation
Nodes of Ranvier
Medulla oblongata
Monosaccharide
35. One of two large chambers in the heart. The ventricles receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the lungs of the heart. The right ventricle has thing walls and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventri
Antigen (Ag)
Macula densa
Ventricle
Total lung capacity
36. All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Guanine
Genome
Exclusion
Chief cells
37. A hole in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the eyeball. The diameter of pupil is controlled by the iris in response to the brightness of the light.
Pupil
Afferent neuron
Respiratory alkalosis
Nucleus
38. The characteristics of amolecule that has both polar (hydrophilic) and non - polar hydrophobic) regions - e.g. phospholipids - bile - etc.
Endospore
Cerebellum
Amphipathic
Internodal tract
39. The outer layer of an organ - e.g. the renal cortex - the ovarian cortex - the adrenal cortex - etc.
Uracil
Cortex
Compact bone
Cytokinesis
40. A type of substrate binding to a multi - active site enzyme - in which the bnidng of one substrate molecule facilitates teh binding of subsequent substrate molecules. A graph of reaction rate vs. substrate concentration appears sigmoidal. Noe that co
Cooperativity
Anticodon
Myometrium
Productive cycle
41. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Parietal cells
Dermis
Flagella
42. The muscuar layer of the uterus. The myometrium is made of smooth muscles that retains its ability to divide in order to accomodate the massive size increases that occur during pregnancy. The myometrium is stimulated to contract during labor by the h
Myometrium
Cooperativity
Genome
Euchromatin
43. An intracellular chemical signal (such as cAMP ) that relays instructions from the cell surface to enzymes in the cytosol.
Myometrium
Crossing over
Second messenger
Potassium leak channel
44. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Mesoderm
Ovulation
Plasma cell
Renal tubule
45. Sensory receptors found in the inner ear. Cochlear hair cells respond to vibration in the cochlea caused by sound waves and vestibular hair cells respond to changes in position and acceleration (used for balance).
Analogous structures
Villi
Leak channel
Hair cells
46. Specif ic defense of the body by antibodies - secreted into the blood by B- cells.
Secondary immune response
Humoral immunity
Submucosa
Facilitated diffusion
47. The entropy (disorder) of the universe (or system) tends to increase.
Calcitonin
Uniporter
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Promoter
48. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Complement system
F (fertility) factor
Sudoriferous gland
Temporal summation
49. A molecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together. POlysaccharides are typically energy- storage molecules (glycogen in animals - starch in plants) or structural molecules (cellulose in plants - chitin in exoskeletons).
Polysaccharides
Ureters
hick filament
Autoimmune reaction
50. A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart chambers. Arteries have muscular walls to regulate blood flow and are typically high - pressure vessles.
Longitudinal muscle
Artery
Hemoglobin
Fertilization