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MCAT Prep Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the alpha cells - of the pancreas. It tartes primarily the liver - stimulating the breakdown of glycogen - thus increasing blood gluocse level.s
Endometrial cycle
Gibbs free energy
Glucagon
Exon
2. The region of teh brain that coordinates and smooth skeletal muscle activity.
Flagella
Anaphase
Semicircular canals
Cerebellum
3. The three glands in the male reproductive system that reproduce semen: the seminal vesicles - the prostate - and the
Recessive
Accessory glands
Convergent evolution
Tendon
4. The deliberate exposure of a person to an antigen in order to provoke the primary immune response and memory cell production. Typically the antigens are those normally associated with pathogens - thus if the live pathogen is encountered in the future
Vaccination
Carbonic anhydrase
Perfusion
Vitamin
5. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA. Thymine is a pyrimidine; it pairs with adenine.
Thymine
Monosaccharide
Obligate anaerobe
Pulmonary edema
6. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Diploid organism
Estrogen
Sarcomere
Inhibin
7. An organism that requires the aid of a host organism to survive - and that harms the host in the process.
Secretion
Parasite
Pancreatic duct
Ovarian cycle
8. Also called transverse tubules - these are deep invaginations of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.
Semicircular canals
T tubules
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Hemostasis
9. The hollow center of an osteon - also known as a Haversian canal. The central canal contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic vessels - and nerves. Bone is laid down around the central canal in concentric rings called lamellae.
Ventricle
Coronary vessels
Nuclear localization sequence
Central canal
10. Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal luid to help regulate ventilation rate.
Efferent arteriole
Islets of Langerhans
Central chemoreceptors
Endocytosis
11. A nucleotide sequence that intervenes between protein - coding sequences. In DNA - these intervening sequences typically contain **regulatory sequences - however - in RNA they are simply spliced out to form the mature (translated) transcript.
Semicircular canals
Cytosine
Macrophage
Intron
12. An immune organ located near the heart. THe thymus is the site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents.
Thymus
Nuclear envelope
Meiosis
Hemophilia
13. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Reverse transcriptase
Lacteals
Attachment
G- protein linked receptor
14. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time
Fetal stage
Nuclear localization sequence
Microfilament
Nucleolus
15. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Telencephalon
Genetic code
Purkinje fibers
Anaphase
16. The second most common of the five classes of leukocytes. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity and include two cell types - B- cells and T cells. B- cells produce and secrete antibodies and T- cells are invovled in cellular immunity.
Neuralation
Lymphocyte
Bronchioles
Pancreatic duct
17. Unmyelinated neuron cell bodies and short unmyelinated axons.
Gray matter
Mucosa
Synapse
Catalyst
18. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.
Endocrine system
Interphase
Primase
Hemostasis
19. Molecules made by connecting amino acids via peptide bonds. Proteins are synthesized (translated) by ribosomes - and function as enzymes - carriers - structrual fibers - cell surface receptors - channels - porters - hormones - etc.
Sclera
Epidermis
Osteocyte
Proteins
20. Extremely small pseudo - cells in the blood - important for clotting. They are not true cells - but are broken - off bits of a larger cell (a megakaryocyte).
Platelets
Alimentary canal
Theta replication
Single strand binding proteins
21. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Inner cell mass
Peristalsis
Efferent neuron
Auditory tube
22. A pigment produced by melanocytes in teh bottom cell layer of the epidermis. Melanin production is increased on sun exposure and helps prevent cllular damage due to UV radiation.
Melanin
Smooth muscle
Thalamus
Oogonium
23. In the autonomic division of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the autonomic ganglion (where a preganglionic neuron synapses with it) and whose axon synapses with the target axon.
Temporal summation
Postganglionic neuron
Alveoli
Leukocyte
24. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Oogonium
Peptidoglycan
Vestibular glands
Aqueous humor
25. A mature - cartilage cell.
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Chondrocyte
Thermoreceptor
Absolute refractory period
26. One of the two peripheral nervous system supporting (glial) cells. Schwann cells from he myelin sheath on axons of peripheral neurons.
Telophase I
Gastrulation
Homologous structures
Schwann cell
27. The unit of combact bone - also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal - and is where blood vessels - nervs - and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down
Myoglobin
Gyrase
Frameshift mutation
Osteon
28. A region within the nucleus where rRNA is transribed and ribosomes are partially assembled.
Erythrocyte
Thymus
Totipotent
Nucleolus
29. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Myofibril
Reflex arc
Olfactory receptors
Chemotaxis
30. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Tonsils
Upsteam
Placental villi
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
31. The subdivision of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System
Amphipathic
Trypsin
Facultative anaerobe
32. An ion channel that is opened or closed based on the binding of a specific ligand to teh channel. Once opened - the channel allows the ion to cross the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient. An examples is the acetylcholine receptor
Oxidative phosphorylation
Spatial summation
Ligand - gated ion channel
Nucleoside
33. A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division of oogenesi (not that the cytoplasmic division in this case is unequal - producing one large cell with almost all of they cytoplasm - the secondary oocyte - and one smaller cell with virtually
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Secondary oocyte
hCG
Uniporter
34. Globular protein that assist in DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Histones form octamers around which DNA is wound to form a nucleosome.
Genotype
Myofibril
Log phase
Histones
35. An organism that has two copies of its genome it each cell. The paired genomes are said to be homologous.
Tropomyosin
Heterochromatin
Vasa recta
Diploid organism
36. A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus - often without conscious brain involvement.
Interleukin
Stop codon
Tidal volume
Reflex arc
37. The amount of energy required to produce the transition state of a chemical reaction. If the activation energy for a reaction is very high - the reaction occurs very slowly. Enzymes (and other catalysts) increase reaction rates by reducing activation
Activation energy (Ea)
Z lines
Intercostal muscles
rRNA
38. One of the four basic tissue types in the body (epithelial - connective - muscle - and nervous). Epithelial tissue is a lining and covering tissue (e.g. skin - the lining of the stomach and intestines - the lining of the urinary tract - etc. ) or a g
Lymphokine
IPSP
Epithelial tissue
Electrical synapse
39. A looser - more porous type of bone tissue found at the inner core of the epiphyses in long bones and all other bone types. Spongy gone is filed with red bone marrow - important in blood cell formation.
Attachment
Mullerian ducts
Vital capacity
Spongy bone
40. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that responds to bright light and provide color vision.
Capilary
Cones
Intron
Matrix
41. A form of evolution in which the same organism is placed into different environments with different selection pressures. This causes organisms to evolve differently - to diverge from their common ancestor. The resulting (new) species may share struct
Divergent evolution
Erythropoietin
Innate immunity
Steroid hormone
42. Enzymes that degrade various macromolecules and that require an acidic pH to function properly. Acid hydrolases are found within the lysosomes of cells.
Depolarization
Diffusion
Acid hydrolases
Microtubule
43. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of food. It decreases the rate at which chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
G- protein linked receptor
Enterogasterone
Innate immunity
Pharynx
44. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
Secretion
Sertolli cells
Medium
45. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Endoderm ultimately forms internal structures - such as the inner lining of the GI tract and glandular organs.
Collecting duct
Interstitial cell
Endoderm
Hemostasis
46. A contact point between the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is involved in regulating blood pressure.
Sphincter of Oddi
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Pancreas
Insulin
47. A sensory receptor that responds to hcanges in pressure; for example - there are baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aortic ach that monitor blood pressure.
Diaphysis
Baroreceptor
Bronchioles
Plasma cell
48. The innermost layer of the eyeball. The retina is made up of a layer of photoreceptors - a layer of bipolar cells - and a layer of ganglion cells.
Retina
Adrenal medulla
Ion channel
Heterozygous
49. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization
Acrosome
Carbonic anhydrase
Enterokinase
Acetyl - CoA
50. The ends of a saromere.
Labia
Codon
Osteoclast
Z lines
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