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MCAT Prep Biology

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.






2. An enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides. Amylase is secreted by salivary glands and by the pancreas.






3. A subsequent immune response to previously encountered antigen that results in antibody production and T cell activation. The secondary immune response is mediated by memory cells (produced during the primary immune respone) and is much faster and st






4. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)






5. A band of carilage (hyaline) found between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones during childhood and adolescence. Cell proliferation in the middle of the eiphyseal plate essentially forces teh diaphysis and epiphyses further apart - while the ol






6. A nucleotide sequence on DNA that contians three elemtns: a coding sequence for one or more enzymes - *a coding sequence for a regulatory protein - and upstream regulatory sequences where the regulatory proteins can bind. An example is the lac operon






7. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.






8. Anterior pituitary gland






9. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






10. The modifaction of enzyme activity through interactino of molecules with specific sites on the enzyme other than the active site (called allosteric sites)






11. A rigid structure at the top of the trachea (so it is part of trachea - I assume) made completely out of cartilage. The larynx has three main functions: (1) its rigidness ensures that the trachea is held open (provides an open airway). (2) the epiglo






12. The region of teh brain that coordinates and smooth skeletal muscle activity.






13. Messenger RNA; the type of RNa that is read by a ribosome to synthesize protein.






14. An immune reaction directed against normal (necessary ) cells.Fo example - diabets melitus (typeI) is an autoimmun reaction directed against teh beta cells of the pancrease (destorying them and preventing insulin secretion) and aginst insulin itself.






15. A lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid of an animal virus. the envelope is acquired as teh virus buds out through the plasma membrane of its host cell. Not all annimal viruses possess and envelope.






16. The central structure of the diencephalon of the brain. the thalamus acts as a relay station and major integrating area for sensory impulses.






17. The third phase of meiosis II. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are finally spearated at their centromeres and puled to opposite sides of teh cell. Note that anaphase II is identical to mitotic anaphase - excep the number of chromosmes was re






18. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.






19. Small organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced as a byproduct of lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by way of the enzyme catalase.






20. A neuron with a single axon and a single dendrite - often projecting from opposite sides of the cell body. Bipolar neurons are typically associated with sensory organs; an example is the bipolar neuron in the retina of the eye. - note that one axon m






21. Strong contractions of the uterus (stimulated by oxytoncin) that force a baby out of the mother's baby during childbirth. Labor contractions are part of a positive feedback cycle - during which the baby's head stretches the cervix - which stimulates






22. Pairing of homologus chromosomes in a diploid cell - as occurs during prophase I of meiosis.






23. A waste product of protein dbreakdown - produced by the liver and relased into the bloodstream to be eliminated by the kidney.






24. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.






25. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.






26. A type of synapse at which a chemical (a neurotransmitter) is released from teh axon of a neuron into the ysnaptic cleft where it binds to receptors on the next structure in sequence - either another neuron or an organ.






27. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






28. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t






29. A virus that infects a bacterium.






30. The first encounter with an antigen - resuling in activated B cells (antibody secretion) and T cells (cellular lysis and lymphocyte proliferation). The primary immune response takes approximately ten days - which long enough for symptoms of the infec






31. A sac filled with fluid (aminotic fluid) that surroudns and protects a developing embryo.






32. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).






33. A virus with an RNA genome (e.g. HIV) that undergoes a lysogenic life cycle in a host with a double stranded DNA genome. In order to integrate its genome with the host cell genome - the virus must first reverse trasncribe its RNA genome to DNA.






34. The first substrate in teh Krebs cycle - produced primarily from the oxidation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - however acetyl - CoA is also produced during fatty acid oxidation and protein catabolism.






35. An organism that has only a single copy of its genome in each of its cells. Haploid organisms possess no homolous chromosomes.






36. The exchange of DNA between paired homologus chromosomes (tetrads) during prophase I of meiosis.






37. A neuron that carries information (action potentials) away from the central nervous system; a motor neuron.






38. The prokaryotic ribosome - binding site on mRNA - found 10 nucleotides 5' to the start codon.






39. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that responds to bright light and provide color vision.






40. Aso called a subcutaneous layer - this is a layer of *fat located under the dermis of the skin. The hypodermis helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and other structures.






41. A hole in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the eyeball. The diameter of pupil is controlled by the iris in response to the brightness of the light.






42. A protein channel in the nuclear envelope that llows the free passage of molecules smaller than 60 kD.






43. A flexible piece of cartilage in the larynx that flips downward to seal teh trachea during swallowing.






44. The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.






45. The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction.






46. The phase of the cell cycle during which the genome is replicated.






47. The portion of the cell membrane at the neuromusclar junction; essentially the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse.






48. The primary membrane lipid. Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule esterified to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate molecule. Additional - highly hyrohpilic groups are attached to the phosphate - making this molecule extremely amphipathic.






49. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.






50. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.







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