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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The period of human development from implantation through 8 weeks of gestation. Gastrulation - neurulation - and organogenesis occur during this time period. The developing baby is known as embryo during this time period.
Synaptic cleft
Embryonic stage
Polysaccharides
Sex- linked rait
2. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
NADH
Prosthetic group
Meninges
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
3. Pepsinogen - secreting cells foudn at teh bottom of the gastric glands
Chylomicron
Fetal stage
Chief cells
Sex- linked rait
4. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.
Secretin
Incomplete dominance
Parietal cells
Hemostasis
5. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
Luteal phase
Start site
Follicular phase
Replication
6. The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles.
Release factor
Prophase
Chylomicron
Epiglottis
7. The third stage of cellular respiration - in which acetyl - CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to form citric acid. The citric acid is then decarboxylated twice and isomerized to recreate oxaloacetate. In the process - 3 molecules of NADH - 1 molecule
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Krebs cycle
Granulosa cells
Hemostasis
8. The main duct of the pancreas. The pancreatic duct carries the exocrine secretions of the pancreas (enzymes and bicarbonate) to the small intestine (dueodenum).
Pinocytosis
Memory cell
Pancreatic duct
Renin
9. The first part of the large intestine.
Secondary immune response
Testosterone
Phosphofructokinase
Cecum
10. Aso called a subcutaneous layer - this is a layer of *fat located under the dermis of the skin. The hypodermis helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and other structures.
Hypodermis
Bile
Cardiac output
Nodes of Ranvier
11. An alkaline - fructose - rich fluid produced by three different glands in the male reproductive tract and released during ejaculation. Semen is very nourishing for sperm.
tRNA
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Semen
Centriole
12. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Adenohypophis
Capsid
Genetic code
Mucocilliary escalator
13. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
Hyperpolarization
Spermatid
Testosterone
Signal transduction
14. The sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome that activates RNA polymerase so that transcription can take place. The promoter is found upstream of the start site - the location where transcription actually takes place.
Mechanoreceptors
Oogonium
Promoter
Myelin
15. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Replication
Elastin
Guanine
Amino acid acceptor site
16. A general cell junction - used primarily for adhesion.
Depolarization
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
hCG
Desmosome
17. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Rods
Midbrain
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Sarcomere
18. Partially digested - semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach.
Chyme
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Telophase I
Memory cell
19. A eukaryotic organelle filled with digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) that is involved in digestion of macromolecules such as worng organelles or material ingested by phagocytosis.
Polyspermy
Lysosome
Troponin
Oncotic pressure
20. The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle - during which the endometrium (shed off during menstration is rebuilt). This phase of the cycle is under the control of estrogen - secreted from the follicle developing in the ovary during this tim
Cofactor
Testosterone
Proliferative phase
Catabolism
21. Very small tube or channel - such as is found between lacunae (connecting them together) in compact bone.
A site
Posterior pituitary gland
Hfr bacterium
Canaliculus
22. The depolarzation of the motor end plate on a muscle cell.
Venous returns
Spermatogenesis
End plate potential
Enterogasterone
23. (1) In the GI tract - organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal. These include the liver - the gallbladder - the pancreas - adn the salivary glands.
Coronary vessels
Accessory organs
Longitudinal muscle
Carbohydrates
24. The protective - connective tissue wrapping of the central nervous system (the dura mater - arachnoid mater - and pia mater).
Optic disk
Meninges
Midbrain
Sebaceous gland
25. The 3D site of an enzyme where substrates (reactants) bind and a chemical reaction is facilitated.
Zona pellucida
Active site
Hyperpolarization
Operon
26. A short sequence of amino aids - usually found at the N- terminus of a protein being translated - that directs the ribosome and its associated mRNa to the membranes of the rough ER where trasnlation will be completed. Signal sequences are found on me
Pepsin
Nucleotide
Signal sequence
Thrombus
27. Plasma with the clotting factors removed. Serum is often used in diagnostic tests because it does not clot.
Hemoglobin
Serum
Myofiber
Afferent arteriole
28. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.
Acid hydrolases
Accessory glands
Ligand - gated ion channel
Oxidation
29. The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
Pilus
Pulmonary artery
Perfusion
Internodal tract
30. A life cycle of animal viruses in which the mature viral particles bud from the host cell - acquiring an envelope (a coating of lipid bilayer) in the process.
Productive cycle
Linker DNA
Stop codon
Plasmid
31. A period of time following an action potential during which no additional action potential can be evoked regardless of the level of stimulation. (usually because Na+ channel closed whle K+ efflux)
Appendix
Total lung capacity
Absolute refractory period
Diffusion
32. A receptor that responds to changes in temperature.
Pinocytosis
Endoderm
Follicular phase
Thermoreceptor
33. A localized change in a neruon's or musce cell's membrane potential that can propogate itself away from its point of origin. Action potentials are an all - or - none process mediated by the opening of voltage - gated Na+ and K+ channels when the memb
Thermoreceptor
Orgasm
Innate immunity
Action potential
34. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.
Cross bridge
Adrenal medulla
Humoral immunity
Villi
35. The cytoskeleton filaments with the smallest diameter. Microfilaments are composed of the contractile protein actin. They are dynamic filaments - constantly beig made and broken down as needed - and are responsible for events such as pseudopod format
Proprioreceptor
Fertilization
Microfilament
Enterokinase
36. The period of time during which the ventricles of the heart are contracted.
Residual volume
Osteoclast
Systole
Telophase
37. The pituitary gland.
Peripheral membrane protein
Matrix
Endocrine system
Hypophysis
38. The blood vessels taht carry blood to and from cardiac muscle. The coronary arteries branch off teh aorta and carry oxygenated blood to the cardiac tissue. The coronary veins collect deoxygenated blood from teh cardiac tissue - merge to form teh coro
Plasma
Recessive
Coronary vessels
Thin filament
39. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Parietal cells
Pore
Ligand - gated ion channel
Amino Acid
40. The formation of haploid gametes (sperm or ova) via meiosis.
Menstruation
Peripheral resistance
Hematocrit
Gametogenesis
41. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Tonsils
Umbilical cord
Tendon
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
42. A stack of membranes found near the rough ER in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the secretory pathway. The Golgi is involved in protein glycosylation (and other protein modification) and sorting and packagin proteins.
Diaphragm
Golgi apparatus
Heterochromatin
Lytic cycle
43. A chemical released by the axon of a neuron in response to an action potential that binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cell and causes that cell to either depolarize slightlly (EPSP) or hyperpolarize slightly (IPSP). Examples are acetylcholine - no
Cell surface receptor
Pacemaker potential
Neurotransmitter
Adipocyte
44. The movement of air into the respiratory tract. Inspiration is an active process - requiring contraction of the diaphragm.
Acid hydrolases
Pilus
Inspiration
Neuromuscular junction
45. A physiological catalyst. Enzymes are usually proteins - although some RNAs have catalytic activity.
Chondrocyte
hnRNA
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Enzyme
46. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Chief cells
Plasmid
Estrogen
Stroke volume
47. Muscle tissue that is attached to the bones. SKeletal muscle is striated multinucleate - and under voluntary control.
Ectoderm
Telophase
Peptide bond
Skeletal muscle
48. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
Preganglionic neuron
Oxaloacetate
Antiporter
Melanin
49. A hormone released by the anterior pituitary that targets all cells in the body. Growth hormone stimulates whole body growth in children and adolescents - adn increases cell turnover rate in adults.
Excretion
Semicircular canals
Calcitriol
Growth hormone
50. The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute (vol/min); the product of the stroke volume (vol/beat) and the heart rate (beat/min). Cardiac output is directly proportional to blood pressure**.
Cardiac output
Intercalcated discs
Corona radiata
Monocistronic mRNA