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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A systme of ductless glands taht secrete chemical messengers (into) the blood - has to be into the blood.
Gray matter
Circular smooth muscles
Synovial fluid
Endocrine system
2. An ion channel specific for potassium found in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body. Leak channels are constitutively open and allow their specifi ion to move across the membrane according to its gadient. Potassium leak channels allow potassi
Potassium leak channel
Thalamus
Determination
Recessive
3. The portion of the brain responsible for visual and auditory startle reflexes.
Midbrain
Anterioir pituitary gland
Splicing
Testcross
4. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Sarcolemma
Amino acid acceptor site
Auxotroph
Plasmid
5. An immune reaction directed against normal (necessary ) cells.Fo example - diabets melitus (typeI) is an autoimmun reaction directed against teh beta cells of the pancrease (destorying them and preventing insulin secretion) and aginst insulin itself.
Autoimmune reaction
Primary oocytes
Parietal cells
Dermis
6. A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart chambers. Veins do not have muscular walls - have valves to ensure that blood flows in one direction only - and are typically low - pressure vessels.
Vein
Vasa recta
Pleura
Clathrin
7. A hormone produced from vitamin D that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Calcitriol
Monosaccharide
MHC
Tropic hormone
8. The maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions (such as temperature - pressure - ion balance - pH - etc.) regardless of external conditions.
Homeostasis
Larynx
Fascicle
Platelets
9. The connection of a mosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory).
Cross bridge
Interstitial cell
Cofactor
Organ of Corti
10. The layer of epithelial tissue that lines body cavities in contact with the outside environment (respiratory - digestive - urinary - and reproductive tracts).
Lipid
Endoderm
Operator
Mucosa
11. Salivary amylase
Neurotransmitter
Gametogenesis
Midbrain
Ptyalin
12. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Semiconservative replication
Lymph node
Oval window
Lysogenic cycle
13. Also called immunoblobins - the antibodies are protiens secreted by B- cells upon activation that bind in a highly specific manner to foreign proteins (such as those found of the surface of pathogens or transplanted tissues). The foreign proteins are
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Antibody (Ab)
Multipolar neuron
Oncotic pressure
14. The regino of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
Lumen
I band
Exocytosis
Duodenum
15. A contact point between the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is involved in regulating blood pressure.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Diencephalon
Repressible enzyme
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
16. A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical disturbances - such as shape changes (being squashed - bent - pulled - etc.). Mechanoreceptors include touch receptors in the skin - hair cells - in the ear - muscle spindles - and others.
Secondary spermatocytes
Antibody (Ab)
Mechanoreceptors
Transcription
17. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Repolarization
Cytosine
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Microfilament
18. The third stage of cellular respiration - in which acetyl - CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to form citric acid. The citric acid is then decarboxylated twice and isomerized to recreate oxaloacetate. In the process - 3 molecules of NADH - 1 molecule
Central chemoreceptors
Labia
Summation
Krebs cycle
19. The muscular femal organ - in which a baby develops during pregnancy.
Uterus
Allele
Testosterone
Stomach
20. Mendel's seond law. States that genes found on different chromosomes - or genes found very far apart on the same chromosome (i.e. - unlinked genes) sort independently of one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Loose connective tissue
Loop of Henle
Law of Independent Assortment
Lower esophageal sphincter
21. (Singular:villus). Folds of the intestinal mucosa that project into the lumen of the intestine; vili serve to increase the surface area of the intestine for absorption.
Villi
Oxidation
Telophase
Calcitriol
22. A genotype in which two identical alleles are possessed for a given gene. The allelles can both be dominant (homozygous dominant) or both be recessive (homozygous recessive)
Homozygous
Bipolar neuron
Oxaloacetate
Chemotroph
23. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Telomere
Genotype
Carbonic anhydrase
Nonsense mutation
24. The basic functional and structural unit of the nervous system. The neuron is a highly specialized cell - designed to transmit action potentials.
Neuron
Lymph node
Smooth muscle
Restriction endonuclease
25. A long - whip - like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated - and sperm are flagellated.
Enzyme
Chief cells
Flagella
Dynein
26. Identical copies of a chromosome - produced during DNA replication and held together at the centromere Sister chromatids are separated during anaphase of mitosis.
Accessory glands
Sister chromatid
Calcitriol
Aminion
27. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Microfilament
Insulin
Myofibril
Internodal tract
28. A globular protein that ssociated with tropomyosin as part of the thin filament of the sarcomere. Troponin binds Ca2+ - which causes the conformaiton change in tropomyosin required to expose the myosin - binding sites on actin and initiate muscle con
Troponin
Aminoacyl tRNA
Amino acid acceptor site
Systemic circulation
29. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
Stomach
Okazaki fragments
Monosaccharide
Telophase I
30. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary vein
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Diencephalon
NADH
31. A single piece of double - stranded DNA; part of the genome of an organism. Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes and eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
Labor contractions
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Chromosome
Cones
32. The characteristics of amolecule that has both polar (hydrophilic) and non - polar hydrophobic) regions - e.g. phospholipids - bile - etc.
Primary immune response
Silent mutation
Amphipathic
Feedback inhibition
33. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'resting and digesting' system. It causes a general decrease in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to the GI tract and d
Acetyl - CoA
Ligand
Parasympathetic nervous system
Filtration
34. A thick - gelatinous fluid found in the posterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the retina). The vireous humor is only produced during fetal development and helps maintain intraocular pressure (the pressure inside the eyeball).
Anaphase II
Vitreous humor
Carbonic anhydrase
Aminion
35. Something that works together with another thing to augment the the second thing's activity. For example - a uscle that assists another muslce is said to be a syngergist. An enzyme that helps another enzyme is a synergist.
Artery
Epididymis
yngergist
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
36. The movement of air out of the respiratory tract. Expiration can be passive (caused by relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of the lungs) or active (caused by contraction of the abdominal muscles - which increases intraabdominal pressure an
Urethra
Expiration
Transmembrane domain
Nuclear envelope
37. The pressure in the (theoretical) space between the lung surface and the inner wall of the chest cavity.
yngergist
Corticosteroids
Pleural pressure
Longitudinal muscle
38. (1) The integration of input (EPSPs and IPSPs) from many presynaptic neruons by a single postsynaptic neuron - either temporaly or spatially. Summation of al input can either stimulate the postsynaptic neuron and possibly lead to an action potential
Spirochete
Summation
Cecum
Pleiotropic gene
39. The 3D site of an enzyme where substrates (reactants) bind and a chemical reaction is facilitated.
Enterogasterone
Follicle
Endometrium
Active site
40. A structure composed of two coils of DNA wrapped around an octet of histone proteins. The nucleosome is the primary form of packagin of eukaryotic DNA.
Nucleosome
Catalyst
Atrium
Oxytocin
41. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Golgi apparatus
Zymogen
Lysogenic cycle
Lymphokine
42. Specif ic defense of the body by antibodies - secreted into the blood by B- cells.
Vitreous humor
Humoral immunity
Monocistronic mRNA
Tolerant anaerobe
43. The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at teh AV node - allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Epinephrine
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Dermis
44. The RF value - the percentage of recombinant offspring resulting from a given genetic cross. The recombination frequency is proportional to the physical distance between genes on a chromosome. If a recombination frequency is low - the genes under con
Recombination frequency
Residual volume
Nephron
Interphase
45. The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
Implantation
Telophase I
Pulmonary artery
5' cap
46. Small paired gland found inferior to the prostate in males and at the posterior end of the penile urethra. They secrete an alkaline mucus on sexual arousal that helps toneutralize any traces of acidic urine the urethra that might be harmful to sperm.
Diaphragm
Nodes of Ranvier
Bulbourethral galnds
Progesterone
47. The cord that connects the embryo of a developing mammal to the placenta in the uterus of the mother. The umbilical cord contains fetal arteries (carry blood toward the placenta) and veins (carry blood away from the placenta). The umbilical vessels d
Umbilical cord
Relication fork(s)
Gustatory receptors
Lysogenic cycle
48. The uptake of material into a cell - usually by invagination. See also 'phagocytosis' - pinocytosis - and receptor - mediated endocytosis..
Endocytosis
Total lung capacity
Norepinephrine
Pilus
49. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Gonadotropins
Central canal
Uniporter
Chitin
50. Excitatory postsynaptic potential; a slight depolarization of a postsynaptic cell - bringing the membrane potential of that cell closer to the threshold for an action potential.
Pilus
EPSP
RNA polymerase
Diaphragm
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