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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle - during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the controll of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during
Replication
Secretory phase
Pyloric sphincter
Adenine
2. The normal configuration of double - stranded DNA in which the 5' end of oen strand is paired with the 3' end of the other
Hemostasis
Antiparallel orientation
Central canal
Iris
3. Lacking a blood supply; cartialge is an example of this
Morula
Obligate aerobe
Transcription
Avascular
4. Enzymes that degrade various macromolecules and that require an acidic pH to function properly. Acid hydrolases are found within the lysosomes of cells.
Acid hydrolases
Channel protein
Auditory tube
Telencephalon
5. A bacterial enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA nucleotide sequence and that cuts the double helix at a specific site within the sequence.
Restriction endonuclease
Cardiac conduction system
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Interphase
6. A hormone released from the hypothalamus that triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
Tetanus
Pleura
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Granulosa cells
7. The outer layer of an organ - e.g. the renal cortex - the ovarian cortex - the adrenal cortex - etc.
Peristalsis
Cortex
Lawn
Dense connective tissue
8. A blood pressure cuff
Sphygmomanometer
Medium
Metaphase I
Oxytocin
9. One of the two ends of long bone (pl: eiphyses). The epiphyses have an outer shell made of compact bone and inner core of spongy bone. The spongy bone is filled with red bone marrow - the stie of blood cell formation.
Efferent neuron
Monocistronic mRNA
Epiphysis
Prolactin
10. A type of cell division (in diploid cells) that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Meiosis usualy produces haploid gametes in organisms that undergo sexual reproduction. It consists of a single interphase (G1 - S - and G2) followed by two set
Peptide bond
Aminion
Motor unit recruitment
Meiosis
11. A layer of connective tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin. The dermis contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - nerves - sensory receptors - and glands.
Dermis
Translation
Gram - negative bacteria
Flagella
12. A phase in the cycle between mitosis and S phase (G1) or between S phase and mitosis (G2). During gap phases the cell undergoes normal activity and growth; G1 may include preparation for DNA replication and G2 includes preparation for mitosis. Note t
Parasympathetic nervous system
Renal tubule
Gap phase
rRNA
13. An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; also called DNA ligase. This enzyme is usedd during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research.
Cytosine
Enzyme
Log phase
Ligase
14. A sequence of three nucleotides (found int he anticodon loop of tRNA) that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA. The codon to which the anticodon is complementary specifies the amino acid that is carried by that tRNA.
Anticodon
Gonadotropins
Implantation
Chemoreceptor
15. A structure composed of a ribose molecule linked to one of the aromatic bases. In a deoxynucleoside - the ribose is replaced with deoxyribose.
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Nucleoside
First law of Thermodynamics
Thyroxine
16. A skeletal muscle cell - also known as a muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle cells are formed from the fusion of many smaller cells (during development) consequently they are very long and are multinucleate.
Myofiber
Allosteric regulation
Adipocyte
hCG
17. Paired glands near the posterior side of the vaginal that secrete an alkaline mucus upon sexual arousal. The mucus helps to reduce the acidity of the vagina (which could be harmful to sperm) and lubricates the vagina to facilitate penetration.
Inducible enzymes
Testes
Vestibular glands
Cerebrospinal fluid
18. The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Oogonium
Common bile duct
19. Small fragments of DNa produced on the lagging strand during DNa replication - joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.
Postganglionic neuron
Gustatory receptors
Okazaki fragments
Partial pressure
20. The neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic division of the ANS at the postganglionic (organ - level ) synapse.
Compact bone
Sympathic nervous system
Interneuron
Norepinephrine
21. The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at teh AV node - allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract.
Genotype
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Interphase
Hfr bacterium
22. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Genetic code
Trypsin
Growth hormone
Systole
23. A generic connective tissue cell that produces fibers; the progenitor of all other connective tissue cell types.
Fibroblast
Catabolism
Gastrin
Tropic hormone
24. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Lysosome
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Erythropoietin
Integral membrane protein
25. A lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid of an animal virus. the envelope is acquired as teh virus buds out through the plasma membrane of its host cell. Not all annimal viruses possess and envelope.
Glycolipid
Chyme
Envelope
Cell surface receptor
26. A form of evolution in which the same organism is placed into different environments with different selection pressures. This causes organisms to evolve differently - to diverge from their common ancestor. The resulting (new) species may share struct
Tonsils
Sex- linked rait
Divergent evolution
Second messenger
27. The curled structure in the inner ear that contains the membranes and hair cells that transduce sound waves into action potentials.
Thecal cells
Cochlea
Upsteam
Coronary vessels
28. A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division of oogenesi (not that the cytoplasmic division in this case is unequal - producing one large cell with almost all of they cytoplasm - the secondary oocyte - and one smaller cell with virtually
Oncotic pressure
Universal acceptor
Circular smooth muscles
Secondary oocyte
29. A small gland encircling the male urethra just inferior to the bladder (only reproductive structure not paired). Its secretion contain nutrients and enzymes and account for approximately 35% of the ejaculate volume.
cDNA
Prostate
Retina
Nociceptors
30. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
Homeostasis
Bipolar neuron
Oxaloacetate
Cortisol
31. The structure in the cochlea of the inner ear made up of the basilar membrane - the auditory hair cells - and the tectorial membrane. The Organ of Corti is the site where auditory sensation is detected and transduced to action potentials.
Homologous structures
Organ of Corti
Residual volume
Allele
32. The movement of a substance from the filtrate (in the renal tuble) bak into the bloodstream. Reabsorption reduces the amount of a substance in the urine.
Log phase
Posterior pituitary gland
Renal absorption
Testes
33. The first part of the large intestine.
Central Nervous System
Cecum
Pupil
Release factor
34. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Vein
Parietal cells
Dynein
Neuromuscular junction
35. Gaps in the myelin sheath of the axons of peripheral neruons. Action potentials can 'hump' from node to node - thus increasing the speed of conduction (saltatory conduction).
Downstream
Nodes of Ranvier
Hemostasis
Integral membrane protein
36. Also called transverse tubules - these are deep invaginations of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Recombination frequency
T tubules
Bile
37. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
Kinase
Envelope
Repolarization
Metaphase II
38. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.
Cytosine
Interphase
Smooth muscle
Plasmid
39. A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus - often without conscious brain involvement.
tRNA
Reflex arc
Mucosa
Endometrium
40. A protein hormone secreted by sustenacular cells of the testes that acts to inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
Systolic pressure
Motor unit recruitment
Secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin
41. The deliberate exposure of a person to an antigen in order to provoke the primary immune response and memory cell production. Typically the antigens are those normally associated with pathogens - thus if the live pathogen is encountered in the future
Symporter
Adrenal medulla
Vaccination
Endocrine gland
42. A toxin that secreted by a bacterium into its surrounding medium that help the bacterium compete with other species. Some exotoxins cause serious disease in humans (botulism - tetanus - diptheria - toxic shock syndrome).
Exotoxin
Keratin
Topoisomerase
Transmembrane domain
43. The 'blind spot' of the eye - this is where the axons of the ganglion cells exist the retinal to form the optic nerve. There are no photoreceptors in the optic disk.
Polyspermy
Collecting duct
Optic disk
Gene pool
44. Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal luid to help regulate ventilation rate.
Central chemoreceptors
Central canal
Spermatogonium
Endocytosis
45. Something that acts to oppose the action of something else. For example - muscles that move a join in oppoiste direction are said to be antagonists.
Total lung capacity
Antagonist
Formed elements
Supercoiling
46. The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.
Secondary sex characteristics
Submucosa
Bicarbonate
Cartilage
47. The amount of energy required to produce the transition state of a chemical reaction. If the activation energy for a reaction is very high - the reaction occurs very slowly. Enzymes (and other catalysts) increase reaction rates by reducing activation
Stop codon
Activation energy (Ea)
Semilunar valves
Thalamus
48. The portion of the cell membrane at the neuromusclar junction; essentially the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse.
Polyspermy
Conjugation
Eukaryotic
Motor end plate
49. The first (approximately 5%) of the small intestinte.
Central chemoreceptors
Enteric nervous system
Duodenum
Active transport
50. The attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA (not that this a specific interaction). tRNa loading requires two high - energy phosphate bonds.
Follicular phase
Universal donor
Longitudinal muscle
tRNA loading