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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Electrical synapse
Acinar cells
Humoral immunity
Prosthetic group
2. A stack of membranes found near the rough ER in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the secretory pathway. The Golgi is involved in protein glycosylation (and other protein modification) and sorting and packagin proteins.
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
Primary immune response
Golgi apparatus
Testes
3. Zygot - derived projections that extend into the endometrium of the uterus during pregnancy. Fetal capillaries grow into the placental villi - which are surrounded by a pool of maternal blood. THis facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mo
Labor contractions
Proliferative phase
Placental villi
Appendix
4. A type of mutation in DNa where a single base is substituted for another.
Point mutation
Cerebellum
Endosymbitoic theory
Aminoacyl tRNA
5. A hair - like structure on teh cell surface composed of microtubules ina '9+2' arrangement (nine pairs of microtubles surrounding 2 single microtubules in the center). Teh microtubules are conneted with a contractile protien called dynein. Cilia beat
Ejaculation
Synovial fluid
Smooth muscle
Cilia
6. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time
Fetal stage
Meninges
Tolerant anaerobe
A site
7. An incrase in the fragility of the membranes of sperm cells when exposed to the female reproductive tract. Capacitation is required sot aht the acrosomal enzymes can be relased to faciliate fertilization.
Capacitation
Retina
Elastin
Peristalsis
8. Unicellular exocrine glands found along the respiratory and digestive tracts taht secrete mucus.
Gram - negative bacteria
tRNA
Goblet cells
Chylomicron
9. The bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
urfactant
Peptide bond
I band
Coenzyme
10. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
Autotroph
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Zona pellucida
Thymine
11. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Zygote
Krebs cycle
Endocrine gland
Temporal summation
12. Cranial nerve pair X. The vagus nerves are very large mixed nerves (They carry both sensory input and motor input) that innervate virtually every visceral organ. They are especially important in transmitting parasympathetic input to the heart and dig
Pleiotropic gene
Vagus nerves
Attachment
Chylomicron
13. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Allosteric regulation
Potassium leak channel
Glycolipid
Exocrine gland
14. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Cornea
Resolution
Interleukin
Flagella
15. A situation in which the expression of one gene prevents expression of all allelic forms of another gene - e.g. - the gene for male pattern baldness is epistatic to the hair color gene.
Thymus
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Medulla
Epistasis
16. Proteins that bind to and stabilize the signle strands of DNA exposed when helicase unwinds the double helix in preparation for replication.
Sphygmomanometer
Conjugation
Single strand binding proteins
Intercostal muscles
17. The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles (during systole).
Tendon
Systolic pressure
Neuron
Cartilage
18. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the alpha cells - of the pancreas. It tartes primarily the liver - stimulating the breakdown of glycogen - thus increasing blood gluocse level.s
Autoimmune reaction
Pulmonary artery
EPSP
Glucagon
19. A statistical rule stating that the probability of either of two indpendent (and mutually exclusive) events ocuring is the sum of their individual probabilities minus the probability of them both occuring together.
Rule of addition
Prophase I
Topoisomerase
Exclusion
20. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Fermentation
Plasma cell
Large intestine
Elastin
21. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Pulmonary vein
Aqueous humor
Plasmid
Hemophilia
22. Haploid cells resulting from the first meiotic division of spermatogenesis. Secondary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis II.
Cortisol
Secondary spermatocytes
Codominance
Systemic circulation
23. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Convergent evolution
Lymphatic system
Local autoregulation
Guanine
24. Something that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy for that reaction. The free energy of reaction remains unchanged.
Ciliary muscles
Catalyst
Action potential
Yolk sac
25. A structure composed of a ring of nine microtube triplets - found in pairs in the MTOC (microtubule organizing center) of a cell. The centrioles duplicate during the cell division - and serve as the organizing center for the mitotic spindle.
Angiotensin
Centriole
Formed elements
Umbilical cord
26. The characteristics of amolecule that has both polar (hydrophilic) and non - polar hydrophobic) regions - e.g. phospholipids - bile - etc.
Primase
Acetyl - CoA
Hair cells
Amphipathic
27. A protein found in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body that uses the energy of an ATP (hydrolyzes ATP) to move three Na+ ions out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell - thus establishing concentrations gradients for these ions across th
Missense mutation
Corpus callosum
Gram - positive bacteria
Na+/K+ ATPase
28. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
Hematopoiesis
F (fertility) factor
Perfusion
Myometrium
29. The first encounter with an antigen - resuling in activated B cells (antibody secretion) and T cells (cellular lysis and lymphocyte proliferation). The primary immune response takes approximately ten days - which long enough for symptoms of the infec
A site
Inspiration
Lipoprotein
Primary immune response
30. A type of white blood cell; leukocytes are either B or T cells and are involved in disease defense.
Avascular
Linkage
White matter
Leukocyte
31. A layer of cells surroudning the granulosa cells of the follicles in an ovary. Thecal cells help produce the estrogen secreted from the follicle during the first phase of the ovarian cycle.
Norepinephrine
Thecal cells
Length - tension relationship
Pyruvic acid
32. Toward the 3' end of an RNA transcript (the 3' end of the DNA coding strand). Stop codons and (in eukaryotes) the pol - A tail are found 'downstream.'
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
FADH2
Downstream
Convergent evolution
33. A genotype in which two different alleles are possessed for a given gene.
Heterozygous
Cooperativity
Cortex
Tight junction
34. A clear fluid the circulates around through the brain and spinal cord that helps to physially support teh brain and act as a shock absorber - and taht also exchanges nutrients and wastes with teh brain and spinal cord.
Fetal stage
Ion channel
Cerebrospinal fluid
Plasma
35. The depolarization of the egg plasma membrane upon fertilization - designed to prevent the entry of more than one sperm into the egg.
Reduction
Fast block to polyspermy
Effector organ
Length - tension relationship
36. A hormone made of amino acids (in some cases just a single - modified amino acid). Peptide hormones are generally hydrophilic and cannot cross the plasma membranes of cells - thus receptor for peptide hormones must be found on the cell surface. An ex
Inflammation
Catabolism
Peptide hormone
Hepatic portal vein
37. A layer of connective tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin. The dermis contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - nerves - sensory receptors - and glands.
Summation
Cervix
Dermis
Oxidation
38. The flow of blood from the heart - through the body (not including the lungs) - and back to the heart.
Allosteric regulation
Telomere
Mucocilliary escalator
Systemic circulation
39. The prokaryotic ribosome - binding site on mRNA - found 10 nucleotides 5' to the start codon.
Fluid mosaic model
Formed elements
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Secretion
40. A neuron that carries information (action potentials) away from the central nervous system; a motor neuron.
mRNA
Corpus luteum
Efferent neuron
Lacunae
41. The curled structure in the inner ear that contains the membranes and hair cells that transduce sound waves into action potentials.
Analogous structures
Symporter
Myosin
Cochlea
42. The portion of an integral membrane protein that passes through the lipid bilayer.
Transmembrane domain
Symporter
Basilar membrane
Thecal cells
43. The portion of the nephron tubule after the loop of Henle - but before teh collecting duct. Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably regulated reabsorption of water and sodium.
Ectoderm
Peristalsis
Functional synctium
Distal convoluted tubule
44. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Zygote
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Partial pressure
Fluid mosaic model
45. One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Ectoderm
Connective tissue
Diploid organism
Vena cava
46. A group of nucleotides that does not specify a particular amino acid - but instead serves to notify the ribosome that the protein being translated is complete. The stop codons are UAA - UGA - and UAG. They are also known as nonsense codons.
Hfr bacterium
Semiconservative replication
Urea
Stop codon
47. An enzyme inhibitor that binds at a site other than the active sit of an enzyme (binds at an allosteric site). THis changes the three - dimensional shape of the enzyme such that it can no longer catalyze the reaction
Peristalsis
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Menopause
Tympanic membrane
48. A protein channel in a cell membrane that is specific for a particular ion - such as Na+ or K+. Ion channels may be constitutively open (leak channels) - or regulated (voltage - gated or ligand - gated).
Ion channel
Origin of replication
Submucosa
cDNA
49. A non - protein - but organic - molecule (such as vitamin) that is covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the active site.
Cell surface receptor
Lacteals
Prostate
Prosthetic group
50. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Repressible enzyme
Lacteals
Epithelial tissue
Fertilization