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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads) - detoxification (in liver cells) - and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells).
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Leak channel
Active site
Vital capacity
2. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal forced exhalation - typically about 1200 mL.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Inspiration
Residual volume
Promoter
3. The non - specific uptake of solid material by a cell accomplished by englufing the particle with plasma membrane and drawing it into the cell.
Phagocytosis
Troponin
Slow block to polyspermy
Proteins
4. A virus with an RNA genome (e.g. HIV) that undergoes a lysogenic life cycle in a host with a double stranded DNA genome. In order to integrate its genome with the host cell genome - the virus must first reverse trasncribe its RNA genome to DNA.
Slow block to polyspermy
Renin
Retrovirus
Baroreceptor
5. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is substitued for a purine - or vice versa.
Transversion mutation
Mucosa
Homologous structures
Ganglion
6. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Ectoderm
Pyrimidine bases
Attachment
Synapse
7. A chromosome that does not determine gender (is not a sex chromosome). Humans have two sex chromsomes and 22 autosomes.
Antiporter
Envelope
Filtration
Autosome
8. The phase of the cell cycle during which the replicated genome is divided. Mitosis has four phases (prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase) and includes cytokinesis (the physical splitting of the cell into two new cells).
Spirochete
Mitosis
Natural selection
Afferent arteriole
9. A rapid from of action potential conduction along the axon of a neuron in which the action potential appears to jump from nodde of Ranvier to node of Ranvier.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Saltatory conduction
Pharynx
Fast block to polyspermy
10. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Uracil
Recessive
Placenta
Capilary
11. The monomer of a protein; amino acids hae an amio group on one end fo the molecule and a carboxylic acid group on the other - and of the of 2 different side chains.
Neuron
Resting membrane potential
Basement membrane
Amino Acid
12. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a discontinuous fashion - via Okazaki fragments that will ultimately be ligated together; the daugther strand that is replicated in the opposite direction that parallel DNA is unwinding
NADH
S phase
Lagging strand
Bacteriophage
13. The valve that controls the release of feces from the recturm. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Anal sphincter
Organ of Corti
Semen
Vagina
14. The first generation of offspring from a given genetic cross.
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Trachea
F1 generation
Pulmonary circulation
15. An organelle bounded by a double membrane (double lipid bilayer) called the nuclear envelope. The nucleus contains the genome and is the site of replication and transcription.
Nucleus
Prophase
Divergent evolution
H zone
16. The largest artery in teh body; the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart.
Homologous chromosomes
Productive cycle
cDNA
Aorta
17. The mechanism described by Charles Darwin that drives evolution. Through mutation - some organisms possess genes that make them better adapted to their environment. These organisms survive and reproduce more than those that do not possess the benefic
Natural selection
Fascicle
Accessory glands
Nuclear envelope
18. Paired glands found on the posterior external wall of the bladder in males. Their secretions contain an alkaline mucus and fructose - among other things - and make up approximately 60% of the ejaculate volume.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Seminal vesicles
Vagus nerves
Electrical synapse
19. Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract - the alimentary canal is the long muscular 'tube' that includes the mouth esophagus - somatch - small intesitne - and large intestine.
Missense mutation
Krebs cycle
Hemoglobin
Alimentary canal
20. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Diploid organism
Motor end plate
Acinar cells
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
21. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.
Cardiac conduction system
Ligand
Osmotic pressure
Semicircular canals
22. An enzyme that transcribes RNa. Prokaryotes have a single RNA pol - while eukaryotes have three; in eukaryotes - RNA pol I transcribes rRNA - RNA pol II transcribes mRNA - and RNA pol III transcribes tRNA.
Natural selection
Synapse
RNA polymerase
Euchromatin
23. The pressure measured in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles (during systole).
Perfusion
Osteoblast
Systolic pressure
Enterokinase
24. A type of syanpse in which the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing ions (and therefore an action potential) to spread easily from cell to cell - usually in smooth and cardiac muscle. - compared to chemical synapse.
Bowman's capsule
Photoreceptor
Electrical synapse
Hardy- Weinberg law
25. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of anoogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
Codominance
Primary oocytes
Dermis
Preganglionic neuron
26. The period of human development from implantation through 8 weeks of gestation. Gastrulation - neurulation - and organogenesis occur during this time period. The developing baby is known as embryo during this time period.
Osteoclast
Interleukin
Heterozygous
Embryonic stage
27. Myelinated axons
White matter
Peptide bond
Emission
Lactic acid
28. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a new codon that specifies the same amion acid.
Oncotic pressure
Progesterone
Silent mutation
Troponin
29. A structure composed of a ribose molecule linked to one of the aromatic bases. In a deoxynucleoside - the ribose is replaced with deoxyribose.
Determination
Law of Segregation
Osmosis
Nucleoside
30. Amino - acyl tRNA site; the site on a ribosome where a new amino acid is added to a growing peptide.
A site
Duodenum
Chylomicron
Resolution
31. A hormone released by teh G cells of the stomach in the presence of food. Gastrin promotes muscular activity of the stomach as well as secretion of hydrochloric acid - pepsinogen - and mucus.
Universal donor
Gastrin
Periplasmic space
Matrix
32. High frequency of recombination bacterium An F+ bacterium that has the fertility factor integrated into its chromosome. When conjugation takes place - it is able to transfer not only the F factor - but also its genomic DNA.
Nociceptors
Ovulation
Hfr bacterium
Origin of replication
33. A sequence of three nucleotides (found int he anticodon loop of tRNA) that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA. The codon to which the anticodon is complementary specifies the amino acid that is carried by that tRNA.
Uracil
Gastrin
Peristalsis
Anticodon
34. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Telophase
Prokaryote
Genetic code
Kinase
35. A dense grwoth of bacteria that covers the surface of a petri dish.
Lawn
Venous returns
Induction
Theta replication
36. The non - specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.
Pinocytosis
Ovarian cycle
Gene pool
Gram - positive bacteria
37. In the autonomic divison of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the CNS - and whose axon extends into the PNS to synapse with a second neuron at an autonoic ganglion. (The second neuron's axon synapses with the target axon)
Preganglionic neuron
Nuclear envelope
Cytosine
Macula densa
38. General - non - specific protection to the body - including the skin (barrier) - gastric acid - phagocytes - lysozyme - and complement.
Adrenal medulla
Ileum
Innate immunity
Hyperpolarization
39. The first step in viral infection. Attachemen of a virus to its host is very specific and is also known as adsorption.
Substrate(s)
Attachment
Facilitated diffusion
Aminion
40. A skeletal muscle cell - also known as a muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle cells are formed from the fusion of many smaller cells (during development) consequently they are very long and are multinucleate.
Brush border enzymes
Myofiber
Tight junction
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
41. A green fluid made from cholesterol and secreted by teh liver. It is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Bile isn an amphipathic molecule that is secreted itno the small intestine when fats are present - adn serves to emulsify the fats for be
MHC
Bile
Trypsin
Nucleolus
42. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
Fermentation
NADH
Chemical synapse
Dense connective tissue
43. A junction between cells - consisting of a protein channel called a connexon on each of the two cells that connect to form a single channel between teh cytoplasms of both cells. Gap junctions allow small molecules to flow between teh cells - and are
End plate potential
Virus
Gap junction
Labia
44. A pigmented membrane found just in from the lens of the eye. In the center of iris is the pupil - a hole through which light enters the eyeball. The iris regulates the diameter of the pupil in response to the brightness of light.
Cartilage
Iris
Antagonist
Bohr effect
45. The 'blind spot' of the eye - this is where the axons of the ganglion cells exist the retinal to form the optic nerve. There are no photoreceptors in the optic disk.
Power stroke
Voltage - gated ion channel
Embryonic stage
Optic disk
46. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Pleiotropic gene
Lipoprotein
Lag phase
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
47. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Calcitonin
Anticodon
Photoreceptor
Prophase II
48. An organism that cannot make its own food - and thus must ingest other organisms.
Liver
Heterotroph
Prophase I
Menopause
49. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.
Disaccharide
Lymphocyte
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Autosome
50. Transfer RNA; the type of RNA that carries an amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing protein.
Heterotroph
tRNA
Codon
Common bile duct