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MCAT Prep Biology
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A protein found in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body that uses the energy of an ATP (hydrolyzes ATP) to move three Na+ ions out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell - thus establishing concentrations gradients for these ions across th
Na+/K+ ATPase
Helicase
Recombination frequency
Nodes of Ranvier
2. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.
Accessory organs
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Prophase
Hemostasis
3. The second most common of the five classes of leukocytes. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity and include two cell types - B- cells and T cells. B- cells produce and secrete antibodies and T- cells are invovled in cellular immunity.
Nucleus
Lipoprotein
Lymphocyte
Common bile duct
4. A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart chambers. Veins do not have muscular walls - have valves to ensure that blood flows in one direction only - and are typically low - pressure vessels.
Vein
Depolarization
Mucosa
Ligand - gated ion channel
5. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Carbonic anhydrase
Leak channel
Binary fission
Acetylcholine (Ach)
6. The outer ring of cells of a blastocyst. The trophoblast takes part in the formation of the placenta.
Trophoblast
Carbonic anhydrase
Systemic circulation
Hemizygous gene
7. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Prophase
Complement system
Periplasmic space
Fermentation
8. Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract - the alimentary canal is the long muscular 'tube' that includes the mouth esophagus - somatch - small intesitne - and large intestine.
Plasmid
Resting membrane potential
Alimentary canal
cDNA
9. A string of several hundred adenine nucletodies added to the 3' end of the eukaryotic mRNA.
Respiratory acidosis
Cytokinesis
Adrenal medulla
Poly- A tail
10. A cell surface receptor associated with an intracellular protein that binds and hydrolyzes GTP. When GTP is bound - the protein is active - and can regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclease; this modifies the intracellular levels of second messenger
Primary spermatocytes
G- protein linked receptor
Lytic cycle
Universal donor
11. A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical disturbances - such as shape changes (being squashed - bent - pulled - etc.). Mechanoreceptors include touch receptors in the skin - hair cells - in the ear - muscle spindles - and others.
Mechanoreceptors
Axon
Efferent neuron
Facultative anaerobe
12. A fibrous protein found on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane (also associated with the Golgi complex) that helps invaginate the membrane. Typically cel surface receptors are associated with clathrin - coated pits at the plasma membrane bi
Parasympathetic nervous system
Clathrin
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Homeostasis
13. Also called Leydig cells - these are teh cells within testes that produce and secrete testosteron. They are stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH).
Interstitial cell
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
Operon
Law of Independent Assortment
14. A subset of a species consisting of members that mate and reproduce with one another.
5' cap
Nondisjunction
Population
Fermentation
15. The regino of the digestive tract where virtually al digestion and absorption occur. It is subdivided into three regions: the duodenum - the jejunum - and the ileum.
Epitope
Semicircular canals
Small intestine
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
16. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
mRNA
Uracil
Myelin
Osmotic pressure
17. A specific DNA nucleotide sequence where transcriptional regulatory proteins can bind.
Cofactor
Natural selection
Monosaccharide
Operator
18. The hollow center of an osteon - also known as a Haversian canal. The central canal contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic vessels - and nerves. Bone is laid down around the central canal in concentric rings called lamellae.
Secondary sex characteristics
Diffusion
Basilar membrane
Central canal
19. Cells that form the walls of the seminiferous tubules and help in spermatogenesis Sertoli cells are also called susenacular cells.
Purine bases
Sertolli cells
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Spatial summation
20. The division of the periperal nervsous system that innervates and cotnrols the visceral organs (everything but the skeletal muscles). It is also knowns as the involuntary nervous system and an be subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic di
Jejunum
Macula densa
Desmosome
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
21. The valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
Hypodermis
Chromosome
Pepsin
Pyloric sphincter
22. A set of vessels in the body that runs alongside the vessels of the circulatory system. It is a one - way system - with lymphatic capillaries beginning at the tissues and ultimately emptying into the large veins near the heart. It serves to return ex
Afferent arteriole
Lymphatic system
Epinephrine
IPSP
23. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
Follicle
Anaphase I
Diencephalon
Gibbs free energy
24. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the Beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin targets cells in the body - especially the liver and muscle - and allows them to take glucose out of gthe blood (thus lowering blood glucose levels).
Osteoclast
Troponin
Chromosome
Insulin
25. The maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions (such as temperature - pressure - ion balance - pH - etc.) regardless of external conditions.
Homeostasis
Tendon
Induction
Vagina
26. A layer of connective tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin. The dermis contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - nerves - sensory receptors - and glands.
Repressible enzyme
Vas deferens
Dermis
Frank Starling mechanism
27. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
Angiotensin
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Siding filament theory
EPSP
28. The portion of the diencephalon involved in maintaining body homeostasis. the hypothalamus also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Spatial summation
Inspiration
Retina
Hypothalamus
29. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.
Primary spermatocytes
Fertilization
Point mutation
Exclusion
30. The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that actually displays the phenotype associated with the genotype.
rRNA
Penetrance
Bacilus
Chymotrypsin
31. All parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord.
Periperal nervous system
Capsid
Complement system
Soma
32. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Bowman's capsule
Cortisol
Acinar cells
Passive transport
33. A structure composed of a ribose molecule linked to one of the aromatic bases. In a deoxynucleoside - the ribose is replaced with deoxyribose.
Tidal volume
Nucleoside
NADH
Bronchioles
34. Something that works together with another thing to augment the the second thing's activity. For example - a uscle that assists another muslce is said to be a syngergist. An enzyme that helps another enzyme is a synergist.
Peristalsis
yngergist
Gray matter
Primary oocytes
35. A cell that produces bone.
Urea
Osteoblast
ATP synthase
Mullerian ducts
36. Myelinated axons
Thymine
F (fertility) factor
Telencephalon
White matter
37. A physiological catalyst. Enzymes are usually proteins - although some RNAs have catalytic activity.
Gallbladder
Enzyme
Photoreceptor
Endospore
38. The rapid mitotic division of a zygot that being within 24-36 hours after fertilization
Cleavage
Capsid
Arousal
Fimbriae
39. The specific molecule that binds to a receptor.
Diploid organism
Myometrium
Spermatogonium
Ligand
40. Pain receptors. Nociceptors are found everywhere in the body except for the brain.
Hemizygous gene
Partial pressure
Nociceptors
Secretion
41. The organ that carries out teh command sent along a particular motor neuron
Seminiferous tubules
Effector organ
Epididymis
Semilunar valves
42. The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This could ocur during anaphase I of meiosis (homologous chromosomes) [--> leaving 2 gametes w/ 2 copies and 2 gametes w/ no copies of chromosome] -
Nondisjunction
Epididymis
Intron
Chylomicron
43. The phase of the cell cycle during which the genome is replicated.
Hypophysis
Uterus
Central Nervous System
S phase
44. DNA that is loosely packed around histones. This DNA is more accessible to enzymes and the genes in euchromatin can be activated if needed.
Arousal
Lower esophageal sphincter
Euchromatin
Transcription
45. The primary muscle of inspiration. The diaphragm is stimulated to contract at regular intervals by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata (via the phrenic nerve). Although it is made of skeletal muscle (and can therefore be voluntary control
Organogenesis
Motor end plate
Catabolism
Diaphragm
46. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
Luteal phase
Olfactory receptors
Midbrain
Pupil
47. The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose -6- phosphate to form fructose -1-6- bisphosphate in the third step of glycolysis. This is the main regulatory step of glycolysis. PFK is feedback - inhibited by ATP.
Long bone
Phosphofructokinase
Diastole
Hepatic portal vein
48. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.
Phagocytosis
Seminal vesicles
Loose connective tissue
Leukocyte
49. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
Neuron
Follicular phase
Fertilization
Fast block to polyspermy
50. Swelling of tissues - sometimes caused by inflammation letting into many white blood cells (decreasing oncotic pressure at the end of the capillaries & not letting as much water back into capillaries & staying in tissues).
Edema
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Nonsense mutation
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