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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The second phase of meiosis I. During metaphase I the paired homologous chromsomes (tetrads) align at the center of the cell (the metaphase plate).
Gustatory receptors
Canaliculus
Metaphase I
Organ of Corti
2. A haploid cell resulting from the first meiotic division of oogenesi (not that the cytoplasmic division in this case is unequal - producing one large cell with almost all of they cytoplasm - the secondary oocyte - and one smaller cell with virtually
Distal convoluted tubule
Steroid hormone
RNA polymerase
Secondary oocyte
3. A set of veins that connect a capillary bed in the hypothalamus (the primary capillary plexus) with a capillary bed in the anterior pituitary gland (the secondary capillary bed). Releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus travel along the
Epiglottis
Allosteric regulation
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Acetylcholine (Ach)
4. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.
Cooperativity
Partial pressure
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ejaculation
5. The transfre by a lysogenic virus of a portion of a host cell genome to a new host.
Ileocecal valve
Residual volume
Poycistronic mRNA
Transduction
6. The valve that controls the release of feces from the recturm. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Homologous structures
Endocrine system
Anal sphincter
Cell surface receptor
7. Globular protein that assist in DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Histones form octamers around which DNA is wound to form a nucleosome.
Hypodermis
Epiphyseal plate
Histones
Neuralation
8. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; also a component of ATP - NADH - and FADH2. Adenine is apurine; it pairs with thymine (in DNA) and with uracil (in RNA)
Amino acid acceptor site
Cell surface receptor
Adenine
Ejection fraction
9. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Cytokinesis
Multipolar neuron
Schwann cell
Collecting duct
10. Lacking a blood supply; cartialge is an example of this
Activation energy (Ea)
Avascular
Incomplete dominance
Myofibril
11. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Power stroke
Venous returns
Innate immunity
urfactant
12. The three small bones found in the middle ear (the malleus - the incus - and the stapes) that help to amplify the vibrations from sound waves. The malleus is atached to the tympanic membrane and the stapes is attached to the oval window of the cochle
Missense mutation
Zymogen
Ovulation
Ossicles
13. An **organic molecuel taht associates non - covalently with an enzyme - and that is required for the proper functioning of the enzyme.
Telophase I
Nodes of Ranvier
Diploid organism
Coenzyme
14. An RNA polymerase that creates a primer (made of RNA) initiate DNa replication. DNA pol binds to the primer and elongates it.
Androgens
Secretion
Sympathic nervous system
Primase
15. Small paired gland found inferior to the prostate in males and at the posterior end of the penile urethra. They secrete an alkaline mucus on sexual arousal that helps toneutralize any traces of acidic urine the urethra that might be harmful to sperm.
Bulbourethral galnds
Reduction
Guanine
Lag phase
16. All parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord.
Outer ear
Promoter
Periperal nervous system
Pulmonary circulation
17. A tissue in which the cytoplasms of the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing the cells to function as a unit. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are examples of functional synctiums.
Prophase I
Ligament
Syncytium
Functional synctium
18. The cellular elements of blood; erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets.
Formed elements
Melanin
Functional synctium
Codominance
19. The unit of combact bone - also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal - and is where blood vessels - nervs - and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down
Adrenal medulla
Oogonium
Lumen
Osteon
20. The first step in viral infection. Attachemen of a virus to its host is very specific and is also known as adsorption.
Attachment
Hematopoiesis
Diencephalon
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
21. A type of substrate binding to a multi - active site enzyme - in which the bnidng of one substrate molecule facilitates teh binding of subsequent substrate molecules. A graph of reaction rate vs. substrate concentration appears sigmoidal. Noe that co
Cooperativity
Intermediate filaments
Cristae
Juxtaglomerular cells.
22. The portion of the cell membrane at the neuromusclar junction; essentially the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse.
Edema
Motor end plate
Depolarization
Oxaloacetate
23. Aso called a subcutaneous layer - this is a layer of *fat located under the dermis of the skin. The hypodermis helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and other structures.
Hypodermis
Sclera
Repressor
Telophase II
24. A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart chambers. Arteries have muscular walls to regulate blood flow and are typically high - pressure vessles.
Aldosterone
Macrophage
Diaphragm
Artery
25. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a new codon that specifies the same amion acid.
Organ of Corti
Calcitriol
Silent mutation
Peptidoglycan
26. A mass of lymphatic tissue at the befenning of the large intestine that helps trap ingested pathogens.
Appendix
Signal transduction
Filtration
Electrical synapse
27. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Antigen presenting cell
Endospore
Analogous structures
Spermatogenesis
28. A methylated guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA. The cap is necessary to initiate translation of mRNA
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29. The point during development at which a cell becomes committed to a particular fate (sensory - other - etc.). Note that the cell is not differentiated at this point; determination comes before differentiation. Determination can be due to cytoplasmic
Determination
Osteoblast
Recessive
Phosphofructokinase
30. A hormone released by teh G cells of the stomach in the presence of food. Gastrin promotes muscular activity of the stomach as well as secretion of hydrochloric acid - pepsinogen - and mucus.
Bohr effect
Thymine
Gastrin
Lower esophageal sphincter
31. The ends of a saromere.
Carbonic anhydrase
Androgens
Z lines
Catabolism
32. A toxin that secreted by a bacterium into its surrounding medium that help the bacterium compete with other species. Some exotoxins cause serious disease in humans (botulism - tetanus - diptheria - toxic shock syndrome).
Exotoxin
Norepinephrine
Totipotent
Dense connective tissue
33. A structure composed of a ring of nine microtube triplets - found in pairs in the MTOC (microtubule organizing center) of a cell. The centrioles duplicate during the cell division - and serve as the organizing center for the mitotic spindle.
Centriole
Sphincter of Oddi
Collecting duct
Spirochete
34. A type of synapse at which a chemical (a neurotransmitter) is released from teh axon of a neuron into the ysnaptic cleft where it binds to receptors on the next structure in sequence - either another neuron or an organ.
Chemical synapse
Canaliculus
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
First law of Thermodynamics
35. A region within the nucleus where rRNA is transribed and ribosomes are partially assembled.
Nucleolus
5' cap
Peroxisome
Replication bubbles
36. The middle (approximtely 40%) of the small intestine.
Jejunum
Lactic acid
Corticosteroids
Gap junction
37. An organism that can only survive in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic metabolism); oxygen is toxic to obligate anaerobes.
Cornea
Carbohydrates
Obligate anaerobe
Monosaccharide
38. Cells that form the walls of the seminiferous tubules and help in spermatogenesis Sertoli cells are also called susenacular cells.
Metaphase II
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Lymphokine
Sertolli cells
39. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
Dense connective tissue
Hepatic portal vein
Nucleotide
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
40. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.
Transmembrane domain
Replication
Pilus
Cones
41. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Sebaceous gland
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Vas deferens
Glycolipid
42. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus
A band
Coccus
Sertolli cells
Enzyme
43. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'resting and digesting' system. It causes a general decrease in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to the GI tract and d
Parasympathetic nervous system
Prophase II
Heterochromatin
Cytokinesis
44. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Leading strand
hCG
Diploid organism
Pyruvic acid
45. An enzyme inhibitor that binds at a site other than the active sit of an enzyme (binds at an allosteric site). THis changes the three - dimensional shape of the enzyme such that it can no longer catalyze the reaction
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Reverse transcriptase
tRNA loading
Noncompetitive inhibitor
46. A type of syanpse in which the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing ions (and therefore an action potential) to spread easily from cell to cell - usually in smooth and cardiac muscle. - compared to chemical synapse.
Secondary immune response
Orgasm
Electrical synapse
Stop codon
47. The largest bundle of white matter (axons) connecting th two cerebral hemispheres.
Pilus
Lower esophageal sphincter
Nondisjunction
Corpus callosum
48. The intracellular process triggered by the binding of a ligand to its receptor on the cell surface. Typically this activates seond messenger pathways.
Signal transduction
rRNA
Chondrocyte
Chief cells
49. A contact point between the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is involved in regulating blood pressure.
Intercalcated discs
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Optic nerve
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
50. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.
Ligament
Mitosis
Epiglottis
Mullerian ducts