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MCAT Prep Biology
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Also called immunoblobins - the antibodies are protiens secreted by B- cells upon activation that bind in a highly specific manner to foreign proteins (such as those found of the surface of pathogens or transplanted tissues). The foreign proteins are
Urethra
Gap phase
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Antibody (Ab)
2. A situation in which a heterozygote displays the phenotype associated with each of the alleles - e.g. - human blood type AB.
Myoglobin
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Log phase
3. A type of substrate binding to a multi - active site enzyme - in which the bnidng of one substrate molecule facilitates teh binding of subsequent substrate molecules. A graph of reaction rate vs. substrate concentration appears sigmoidal. Noe that co
Vaccination
Mullerian ducts
Cooperativity
Pleura
4. The fusion of a sperm with an ovum during sexual reproduction. Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine tubes and requires capacitation of the sperm and relase of the acrosomal enzymes. Fertilization is a species - specific process - requiring b
Milk letdown
Catalyst
Autosome
Fertilization
5. A viral enzyme that makes a strand of RNA by reading a strand of RNa . All prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNa polymerases are DNa dependent; they make a strand of RNa by reading a strand of DNA.
Excretion
Organogenesis
Synovial fluid
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
6. A hormone produced by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets teh bones (stimulates osteoblasts) - the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).
Liver
Calcitonin
Plasma
Bohr effect
7. The specific molecule that binds to a receptor.
Respiratory alkalosis
Ligand
Steroid hormone
Enzyme
8. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Endospore
Antagonist
Vagina
Tetanus
9. The outer ring of cells of a blastocyst. The trophoblast takes part in the formation of the placenta.
Allosteric regulation
Secondary immune response
Trophoblast
Aqueous humor
10. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Lactic acid
Repressible enzyme
Zymogen
Purine bases
11. Zygot - derived projections that extend into the endometrium of the uterus during pregnancy. Fetal capillaries grow into the placental villi - which are surrounded by a pool of maternal blood. THis facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mo
Thrombus
Placental villi
Adrenal medulla
Lactic acid
12. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Peptidoglycan
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Complement system
Bohr effect
13. Early embryonic ducts that can develop into male internal genitalia under the proper stimulation (testosterone).
Epiphyseal plate
Wolffian ducts
Venous returns
Myoglobin
14. The burrowing of a blastocyst (a developing embryo) into the endometrium of the uterus - typically occuring about a week after fertilizaiton.
Thymus
Topoisomerase
Implantation
Epinephrine
15. A large - mature - ovarian follicel with a well - developed antrum and a secondary oocyte. Ovulation of the oocyte occurs from this type of follicle.
Bicarbonate
Graafian follicle
Pulmonary circulation
Synovial fluid
16. A non - protein - but organic - molecule (such as vitamin) that is covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the active site.
Lower esophageal sphincter
Capilary
Prosthetic group
Myoglobin
17. A bacterial enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA nucleotide sequence and that cuts the double helix at a specific site within the sequence.
Liver
Auxotroph
Restriction endonuclease
Effector organ
18. A digestive accessory organ near the liver. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver - and is stimulated to contrat by cholecystokin (CCK).
Chemotroph
Posterior pituitary gland
Gallbladder
Coccus
19. An integral membrane proteint hat binds extracellular signaling molecules - suchas hormones and peptides.
Antigen (Ag)
Graafian follicle
Hypothalamus
Cell surface receptor
20. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
Recombination frequency
Kinase
B cell
Pulmonary vein
21. An organism that can survive in the presence of oxygen (oxygen is not toxic) - but that does not use oxygen during metabolism (anaerobic metabolism only).
Zymogen
Tolerant anaerobe
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Obligate aerobe
22. A looser - more porous type of bone tissue found at the inner core of the epiphyses in long bones and all other bone types. Spongy gone is filed with red bone marrow - important in blood cell formation.
Complement system
Spongy bone
F (fertility) factor
Sarcomere
23. A large system of folded membranes within a eukaryotic cell that has ribosomes bound to it - giving a rough appearnce. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will ultimately be secreted from the cell - incorporated into the plasma membrane - or tra
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Hemizygous gene
Active site
Androgens
24. (singular alveolus.) Tiny sacs - with walls only a single cell layer thick found at the end of the respiratory bronchiole tree. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system.
Alveoli
Homeostasis
Neuromuscular junction
Gram - positive bacteria
25. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization
Acrosome
Hepatic portal vein
A band
Axon
26. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.
Oxidation
Hydroxyapatite
Lymph node
Epididymis
27. The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent unicellular organsims living in symbiosis with larger cells
Endosymbitoic theory
Fetal stage
Coccus
Atrium
28. One of the four aromatic bases found in RNA. Uracil is pyrimidine; it pairs with adnenine.
Ossicles
Uracil
Retrovirus
Plasma cell
29. Ribosomal RNA; the type of RNA that associates with ribosomal proteins to make a functional ribosome. It is thought that the rRNA has the peptidyl transferase activity.
Sex- linked rait
Leukocyte
rRNA
Myoglobin
30. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.
Frameshift mutation
Partial pressure
Saltatory conduction
Gap phase
31. A systme of ductless glands taht secrete chemical messengers (into) the blood - has to be into the blood.
Endocrine system
Antigen presenting cell
Systolic pressure
Lysosome
32. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that respond to dim light and provide us with black and white vision.
Carrier protein
Rods
Amphipathic
Productive cycle
33. Anterior pituitary topic hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing homeon) that stimulates the gonads (testes and ovaries) to produce gametes and to secrete sex steroids.
Gonadotropins
Gallbladder
Anaphase I
Exocrine gland
34. The largest bundle of white matter (axons) connecting th two cerebral hemispheres.
Antagonist
Corpus callosum
Chyme
Simple diffsuion
35. A developing oocyte and all of its surrounding (supporting) cells.
Follicle
Cortisol
Ectoderm
Dermis
36. An organism that can only survive in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic metabolism); oxygen is toxic to obligate anaerobes.
Aminion
Chondrocyte
Centriole
Obligate anaerobe
37. The shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis is hollow and is made entirely from compact bone.
Exon
Ligand
Photoreceptor
Diaphysis
38. A waste product of protein dbreakdown - produced by the liver and relased into the bloodstream to be eliminated by the kidney.
Urea
Missense mutation
Hematopoiesis
Nucleus
39. The portion of the nephron after the glomerulus and apsule; the region of the nephron where the filtrate is modified along its path to becoming urine.
Renal tubule
tRNA loading
Peripheral resistance
Hypophysis
40. An ion channel that is constitutively open - allowing the movement of teh ion across the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient.
Chemical synapse
Universal acceptor
Signal sequence
Leak channel
41. The region of teh brain that coordinates and smooth skeletal muscle activity.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Chemotaxis
Respiratory acidosis
Cerebellum
42. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.
Glycolipid
Symporter
Pupil
Pyruvic acid
43. A neuron that arries information (action potentials) to the central nervous system; a sensory neuron.
Collecting duct
Afferent neuron
White matter
Prophase
44. The environment in which or upon Which bacteria grow. It typically contains a sugar source and any other nutrients that bacteria may require. 'Minimal medium' contain nothing but glucose.
Basement membrane
Gap junction
Intron
Medium
45. A cytoplasmic protein that binds to a stop codon where it appears in the A- site of the ribosome. Release factors modify the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome - such that a water molecule is added to the end of the completed protein. This
Summation
Peptidoglycan
Release factor
Cholesterol
46. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Rods
Myofibril
Pyloric sphincter
Testosterone
47. The primary membrane lipid. Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule esterified to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate molecule. Additional - highly hyrohpilic groups are attached to the phosphate - making this molecule extremely amphipathic.
P site
Vaccination
Pulmonary vein
Phospholipid
48. An alkaline - fructose - rich fluid produced by three different glands in the male reproductive tract and released during ejaculation. Semen is very nourishing for sperm.
Ureters
Semen
Epiglottis
Saltatory conduction
49. A neuron that carries information (action potentials) away from the central nervous system; a motor neuron.
Soma
Cleavage
Endocytosis
Efferent neuron
50. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.
Tight junction
Fimbriae
Productive cycle
Tympanic membrane
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