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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Multipolar neuron
Common bile duct
Dendrite
Anterioir pituitary gland
2. Also known as the Bundle of His - this is the first portion of the cardiac conduction system - after the AV node.
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Testes
Start site
Length - tension relationship
3. Physical structures in two different organism that have funcitonal similarity due to their evoluntion in a common environment - but have different underlying structure. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution.
Tendon
Embryonic stage
Hypothalamus
Analogous structures
4. The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell. At the NMJ - the muscle cel lmembrane is invaginated and the axon terminus is elongated so that a greater area of membrane can be depolarized at one time.
Amphipathic
Differentiation
Neuromuscular junction
Action potential
5. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Ceruminous gland
Gonadotropins
Respiratory acidosis
6. The liquid portion of blood; plasma contains water - ions - buffers - sugars - proteins - etc. Anything that dissolves in blood dissolves in the plasma portion.
Midbrain
Plasma
Epiphyseal plate
yngergist
7. The allele in a heterozygous genotype that is expressed; the phenotype resulting from either a heterozygous genotype or a homozygous dominant genotype.
Enterokinase
Dominant
Fascicle
Steroid hormone
8. The modifaction of enzyme activity through interactino of molecules with specific sites on the enzyme other than the active site (called allosteric sites)
Serum
Allosteric regulation
Maternal inheritance
Inner cell mass
9. A strong connective tissue with varying degrees of flexibility. (1) Elastic cartilage is the most flexible - forming structures that reuqire support but also need to bend - such as the epiglottis and outer ear. (2) Hyaline cartilage is more rigid tha
Metaphase I
Primase
Antigen presenting cell
Cartilage
10. The monomer of a protein; amino acids hae an amio group on one end fo the molecule and a carboxylic acid group on the other - and of the of 2 different side chains.
F (fertility) factor
Epithelial tissue
Zygote
Amino Acid
11. The set of adult characteristics that develop during puberty under the control of the sex steroids. In males the secondary sex characteristics include enlargement and maturation of the genitalia - growth of facial - body - and pubic hair - increased
FSH
Neuralation
Enterogasterone
Secondary sex characteristics
12. An immune reaction directed against normal (necessary ) cells.Fo example - diabets melitus (typeI) is an autoimmun reaction directed against teh beta cells of the pancrease (destorying them and preventing insulin secretion) and aginst insulin itself.
Mechanoreceptors
Motor end plate
Hypophysis
Autoimmune reaction
13. The second step in viral infection - the injection of the viral genome into the host cell.
Adrenal medulla
Penetration
Anaphase II
Mitosis
14. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Primary active transport
Promoter
Genetic code
Secondary spermatocytes
15. The combination of alleles of an organism carries. In a homozygous genotype - both alleles are the same - whereas in a heterozygous gentorype the alleles are different.
Genotype
Origin of replication
Implantation
Serum
16. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Endospore
Labia
Oxidation
Matrix
17. A subphase of male orgasm. Emission is the movement of sperm (via the vas deferens) and semen into the urtehra in prepartion for ejaculation.
Emission
Convergent evolution
Hfr bacterium
Erythropoietin
18. A viral life cycle in which the host is turned into a 'virus factory' and ultimately lysed to release the new viral particles.
Channel protein
Central Nervous System
Bronchioles
Lytic cycle
19. A blood protein produced by the liver. Albumin helps to mantain blood osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
Albumin
Hepatic portal vein
Cardiac muscle
Motor unit recruitment
20. The inner layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the circular muscle contracts - the tube diameter is reduced. Certain areas of the circular muscle are thickened to act as valves (sphincters).
Circular smooth muscles
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Desmosome
Epinephrine
21. A bacterium having a spiral shape (plural = spirochetes)
Portal systems
Antigen (Ag)
Spirochete
Growth hormone
22. A form of genetic recombination in bacteria in which plasmid and/or genomic DNA is transferred from one bacterium to the toher through a conjugation bridge.
Conjugation
Lagging strand
Urinary sphincter
Memory cell
23. The burrowing of a blastocyst (a developing embryo) into the endometrium of the uterus - typically occuring about a week after fertilizaiton.
Ciliary muscles
Implantation
Aorta
Productive cycle
24. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
Circular smooth muscles
Saltatory conduction
Hepatic portal vein
Epinephrine
25. A protein hormone secreted by sustenacular cells of the testes that acts to inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
Inhibin
Homeostasis
Fetal stage
Intercostal muscles
26. The sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome that activates RNA polymerase so that transcription can take place. The promoter is found upstream of the start site - the location where transcription actually takes place.
Missense mutation
Diaphragm
Circular smooth muscles
Promoter
27. The inner region of the adrenal gland. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous systme - and releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine into the blood when stimuated. These hormones augment and prolon the effects of sympatheti
Polar body
Adrenal medulla
Ovary
Ovulation
28. Chemoreceptors on the tongue that respond to chemicals in a food.
Synaptic cleft
Cytosine
A site
Gustatory receptors
29. The duplication of DNA
Replication
Secondary sex characteristics
Endospore
Enzyme
30. A nucleoside with one or more phosphate gropus attached. Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are the building blocks of RNA and are also used as energy molecules - especially ATP. Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA; in t
Collagen
Diffusion
hick filament
Nucleotide
31. A nonliving - intracellular parasite. Viruses are typically just pieces of nucleic aid surrounded by a protein coat.
Ossicles
Virus
Pleural pressure
Epithelial tissue
32. A group of nucleotides that does not specify a particular amino acid - but instead serves to notify the ribosome that the protein being translated is complete. The stop codons are UAA - UGA - and UAG. They are also known as nonsense codons.
DNA polymerase
cDNA
Ganglion
Stop codon
33. The portion of the diencephalon involved in maintaining body homeostasis. the hypothalamus also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
Anaphase
Lysogenic cycle
Silent mutation
34. A projection of the cell body of a neuron that recieves a nerve impulse form a different neuron and send the impulse to the cell body. Neurons can have one or several dendrites!
Keratin
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
tRNA loading
Dendrite
35. A group of sensory neuron cell bodies found just posterior to the spinal cord on either side. A pair of root ganglia exists for each spinal nerve that expands from the spinal cord. The ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Basilar membrane
Thecal cells
Dorsal root ganglion
Aorta
36. The uptake of material into a cell - usually by invagination. See also 'phagocytosis' - pinocytosis - and receptor - mediated endocytosis..
Common bile duct
Menstruation
F (fertility) factor
Endocytosis
37. The layer of ciliated - mucus - covered cells in the respiratory tract.The cilia continually beat - sweeping contaminated mucus upward toward the pharynx.
Point mutation
Mucocilliary escalator
Cooperativity
Pacemaker potential
38. Extremely small pseudo - cells in the blood - important for clotting. They are not true cells - but are broken - off bits of a larger cell (a megakaryocyte).
Proprioreceptor
Baroreceptor
Organ of Corti
Platelets
39. The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that actually displays the phenotype associated with the genotype.
Penetrance
Neuralation
Growth hormone
Epiphysis
40. (1) The integration of input (EPSPs and IPSPs) from many presynaptic neruons by a single postsynaptic neuron - either temporaly or spatially. Summation of al input can either stimulate the postsynaptic neuron and possibly lead to an action potential
Cortisol
Melanin
Summation
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
41. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Sphincter of Oddi
Sebaceous gland
Dynein
42. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Tendon
Obligate anaerobe
Lag phase
Intercostal muscles
43. A statistical rule stating that the probability of either of two indpendent (and mutually exclusive) events ocuring is the sum of their individual probabilities minus the probability of them both occuring together.
Testes
Perfusion
Rule of addition
Law of Independent Assortment
44. A hormone secreted by the samll intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of fats. It promotes release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas - and reduces stomach motility.
Insulin
Spleen
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Thalamus
45. A mature - cartilage cell.
Secondary immune response
Endotoxin
Partial pressure
Chondrocyte
46. An enzyme that cuts one or both strands of DNa to relieve the excess tension caused by the unwinding of the helix by helicase during replication.
Adenohypophis
Rectum
Topoisomerase
Amylase
47. The valves in the heart that separate the ventricles from the arteries. The pulmonary semilunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery - and the aortic semilunar valve separates left ventricle from the aorta. These valves close
Penetration
Zona pellucida
Semilunar valves
Relication fork(s)
48. A kinase in smooth muscle cells activated by calmodulin the presence of Ca2+. As its name implies - this kinase phosphorylates myosin - activating it so that muscle contraction can occur.
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Cholesterol
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
Endocytosis
49. The final section (approximately 55%) of the small intestine.
Exclusion
Thecal cells
Ileum
Peripheral chemoreceptors
50. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Iris
Poly- A tail
Adrenal medulla
Acinar cells