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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Something that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy for that reaction. The free energy of reaction remains unchanged.
tRNA loading
Potassium leak channel
Catalyst
Hemophilia
2. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Spermatid
Stroke volume
Capilary
Urethra
3. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp
Symporter
Nuclear pore
Systemic circulation
Bohr effect
4. A hole in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the eyeball. The diameter of pupil is controlled by the iris in response to the brightness of the light.
ATP synthase
Pupil
Ceruminous gland
Gustatory receptors
5. A structure composed of a ring of nine microtube triplets - found in pairs in the MTOC (microtubule organizing center) of a cell. The centrioles duplicate during the cell division - and serve as the organizing center for the mitotic spindle.
Coronary vessels
Centriole
F1 generation
Complement system
6. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Proprioreceptor
Anaphase II
Urethra
Synapsis
7. A long projection off the cell body of a neruon down which an action potential can be propagated.
Axon
F (fertility) factor
Length - tension relationship
Pepsin
8. A cyoplasmic Ca2+- binding protein. Calmodulin is particularly important in smooth muscle cells - where binding of Ca2+ allows calmodulin to activate myosin light - chian kinase - the first step in smooth muscle cell contraction.
Canaliculus
Calmodulin
Peripheral resistance
G- protein linked receptor
9. A group of sensory neuron cell bodies found just posterior to the spinal cord on either side. A pair of root ganglia exists for each spinal nerve that expands from the spinal cord. The ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Dorsal root ganglion
Telencephalon
Autotroph
Desmosome
10. The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that actually displays the phenotype associated with the genotype.
Penetrance
Anabolism
Gap phase
Prophase II
11. A green fluid made from cholesterol and secreted by teh liver. It is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Bile isn an amphipathic molecule that is secreted itno the small intestine when fats are present - adn serves to emulsify the fats for be
Implantation
Osteoclast
Smooth muscle
Bile
12. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
Epididymis
Dense connective tissue
Bulbourethral galnds
Spirochete
13. The cerebral hemispheres.
Ceruminous gland
Telencephalon
Reverse transcriptase
Somatic nervous system
14. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
Downstream
Nonsense mutation
Vitreous humor
Follicular phase
15. A neuron that carries information (action potentials) away from the central nervous system; a motor neuron.
Interstitial cell
Pilus
Efferent neuron
Excitation - contraction coupling
16. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Total lung capacity
Fibroblast
Prokaryote
Spatial summation
17. A physiological catalyst. Enzymes are usually proteins - although some RNAs have catalytic activity.
Allosteric regulation
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Prostate
Enzyme
18. A hormone produced and secreted by teh adrenal medulla that prolongs and increases teh effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Testosterone
Maternal inheritance
Epinephrine
Uterine tubes
19. A large multinucleate cell - typically formed by the fusion of many smaller cells during development (e.g. a skeletal muscle cell) - or formed by nuclear division in the absence of cellular division.
Saprophyte
Population
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Syncytium
20. The stage of human development during which the organs are formed. Organogenesis begins after gastrulation and is completed by the eight week of gestation.
Signal sequence
Albumin
Organogenesis
Macrophage
21. Anterior pituitary gland
Induction
Ileum
Adenohypophis
Estrogen
22. A thin (4 mm) layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the conscious mind - and is functionally divided into four pairs of lobes: the frontal lobes - the parietal lobes - the temporal lobes - and the occ
Telophase I
Cerebral cortex
Labor contractions
Cervix
23. The burrowing of a blastocyst (a developing embryo) into the endometrium of the uterus - typically occuring about a week after fertilizaiton.
Prokaryote
Villi
Implantation
Peristalsis
24. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Ceruminous gland
Gastrin
Primary bronchi
Depolarization
25. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
cDNA
Insulin
Erythrocyte
Testosterone
26. The pressure measured in the arteries while the ventricles are relaxed (during diastole).
Ovary
Renal absorption
Diastolic pressure
Origin of replication
27. The uptake of material into a cell - usually by invagination. See also 'phagocytosis' - pinocytosis - and receptor - mediated endocytosis..
Endocytosis
Organ of Corti
Spirochete
Primary oocytes
28. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a continuous fasion; the daughter strand that is replicated in thes aem direction that parental DNA is unwinding.
Calcitriol
Leading strand
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Urethra
29. The mechanism of contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscl cells. It is a series of four repeated steps: (1) myosin binds actin - (2) myosin pull actin toward the center of the sarcomere (3) myosin releases actin - and (4) myosin resets to its high -
Endoderm
Heterotroph
Siding filament theory
Multipolar neuron
30. A trop hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gand that targets the adrenal cortex - stimulating it to relase corisol and aldosterone.
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Medulla
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
31. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Gyrase
Single strand binding proteins
Sarcolemma
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
32. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Semiconservative replication
Efferent arteriole
Gram - positive bacteria
Chemotaxis
33. An organism that cannot make its own food - and thus must ingest other organisms.
Submucosa
Heterotroph
Calmodulin
Fluid mosaic model
34. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
Antigen (Ag)
Vasa recta
Hypothalamus
Homologous chromosomes
35. Also known as the adenohypophysis - the anterior pituitary is made of gland tissue and makes and secretes six different homrones: FSH - LH - ACTH - prolactin - TSH - and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled b yreleasing and inhibiting
Adenine
Anterioir pituitary gland
Vein
Osteon
36. The environment in which or upon Which bacteria grow. It typically contains a sugar source and any other nutrients that bacteria may require. 'Minimal medium' contain nothing but glucose.
Functional synctium
Antiparallel orientation
Medium
Inhibin
37. Also known as the neurohyophysis - the posterior pituitary is made of nervous tisssue and stores and secretes two hormones made by the hypothlamus; oxtytocin and ADH. The posterior pituitary is controlled by action potentials from the hypothalamus.
Spleen
Cornea
Vas deferens
Posterior pituitary gland
38. A structure near the middle of eukaryotic chromosomes to which the fibers of the mitotic spindle attach during cell division.
Centromere
Chemical synapse
Atrium
Zygote
39. An ion channel that is oepend or closed based on the electrical potential across the plasma membrane. Once opened - the channel allows ions to cross the membrane according to their concentration gradients. Examples are the Na+ and K+ voltage - gated
P site
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Endocytosis
Voltage - gated ion channel
40. The specific molecule that binds to a receptor.
Ligand
Hypodermis
Saprophyte
Portal systems
41. An organism that utilizes light as its primary energy source.
rRNA
Penetration
Point mutation
Phototroph
42. Integration by a postsynaptic neuron of inputs (EPSPs and IPSPs) from multiple sources.
Operon
Estrogen
FSH
Spatial summation
43. A type of mutation in DNa where a single base is substituted for another.
Endosymbitoic theory
Point mutation
5' cap
Myometrium
44. A kinase in smooth muscle cells activated by calmodulin the presence of Ca2+. As its name implies - this kinase phosphorylates myosin - activating it so that muscle contraction can occur.
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
Effector organ
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Acrosome
45. The neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic division of the ANS at the postganglionic (organ - level ) synapse.
Cochlea
Activation energy (Ea)
Norepinephrine
Jejunum
46. A long - whip - like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated - and sperm are flagellated.
Central canal
Flagella
Wolffian ducts
Brush border enzymes
47. A generic connective tissue cell that produces fibers; the progenitor of all other connective tissue cell types.
Plasma
Siding filament theory
Fibroblast
Epididymis
48. A cytoplasmic protein that recognizes the signal sequences of proteins destined to be translated at the rough ER. It binds first to the ribosome translating the protein with the signal sequence then to an SRP receptor on the rough ER>
Myosin
Fibrinogen
Endospore
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
49. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Morula
Loop of Henle
Carbonic anhydrase
Follicular phase
50. Identical copies of a chromosome - produced during DNA replication and held together at the centromere Sister chromatids are separated during anaphase of mitosis.
Larynx
Sister chromatid
hCG
Signal transduction