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MCAT Prep Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The amount of energy required to produce the transition state of a chemical reaction. If the activation energy for a reaction is very high - the reaction occurs very slowly. Enzymes (and other catalysts) increase reaction rates by reducing activation
Activation energy (Ea)
Motor unit
Facilitated diffusion
Vasa recta
2. Also known as the adenohypophysis - the anterior pituitary is made of gland tissue and makes and secretes six different homrones: FSH - LH - ACTH - prolactin - TSH - and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled b yreleasing and inhibiting
Leading strand
Nuclear localization sequence
Anterioir pituitary gland
Albumin
3. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.
Orgasm
Partial pressure
Osmosis
Urethra
4. A phagocytic - like bone cell that breaks down bone matrix to release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream.
Ejaculation
Osteoclast
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
5. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.
Fimbriae
Anaphase
Diaphragm
Cerebrospinal fluid
6. A portion of DNA that codes for some product - usually a protein - including all regulatory sequences. Some genes code for rRNA and tRNA - which are not translated.
Photoreceptor
Cytosine
Gene
P site
7. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Ossicles
Adenine
Interleukin
Sudoriferous gland
8. Enzymes secreted by the mucosal cells lining the intestine. The brush border enzymes are disaccharides adn dipeptidases taht digest the smallest peptides and carbohydrates into their respective monomers.
Release factor
Brush border enzymes
Myelin
Secondary oocyte
9. The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose -6- phosphate to form fructose -1-6- bisphosphate in the third step of glycolysis. This is the main regulatory step of glycolysis. PFK is feedback - inhibited by ATP.
Homologous structures
Phosphofructokinase
Systolic pressure
Cones
10. Strong contractions of the uterus (stimulated by oxytoncin) that force a baby out of the mother's baby during childbirth. Labor contractions are part of a positive feedback cycle - during which the baby's head stretches the cervix - which stimulates
First law of Thermodynamics
Endoderm
Prophase
Labor contractions
11. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'resting and digesting' system. It causes a general decrease in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to the GI tract and d
Pinocytosis
Parasympathetic nervous system
Uracil
Pyrimidine bases
12. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Small intestine
Polar body
Sebaceous gland
Diaphragm
13. A fibrous protein found on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane (also associated with the Golgi complex) that helps invaginate the membrane. Typically cel surface receptors are associated with clathrin - coated pits at the plasma membrane bi
Antiparallel orientation
Clathrin
Semen
Skeletal muscle
14. A eukaryotic organelle filled with digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) that is involved in digestion of macromolecules such as worng organelles or material ingested by phagocytosis.
T tubules
Dynein
Lysosome
Hardy- Weinberg law
15. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
Zymogen
Central Nervous System
Outer ear
16. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Anterioir pituitary gland
Gap junction
Pulmonary vein
17. A viral enzyme that makes a strand of RNA by reading a strand of RNa . All prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNa polymerases are DNa dependent; they make a strand of RNa by reading a strand of DNA.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Syncytium
Jejunum
Absolute refractory period
18. A neuron found completely within the central nervous system. Interneous typically connect sensory and motor neurons - especially in reflex arcs.
Splicing
Trophoblast
Epithelial tissue
Interneuron
19. Gaps in the myelin sheath of the axons of peripheral neruons. Action potentials can 'hump' from node to node - thus increasing the speed of conduction (saltatory conduction).
Leak channel
Replication bubbles
Nodes of Ranvier
Lymphatic system
20. The 3' end of a tRNA molecule that binds an amino acid. The nucleotide sequence at this end is CCA
Rectum
Autotroph
Pyloric sphincter
Amino acid acceptor site
21. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.
Oxidation
Perfusion
Ciliary muscles
Oncotic pressure
22. The phase of mitosis during which the cell physically splits into two daugter cells. Cytokinesis begins near the end of anaphase - and is completed during telophase.
Primase
Fermentation
Cytokinesis
Rule of addition
23. Paired glands near the posterior side of the vaginal that secrete an alkaline mucus upon sexual arousal. The mucus helps to reduce the acidity of the vagina (which could be harmful to sperm) and lubricates the vagina to facilitate penetration.
Vestibular glands
Lipoprotein
Restriction endonuclease
Basement membrane
24. A method of DNA protection utilized by prokaryotes in which their large circular chromosome is coiled upon itself.
Supercoiling
Excitation - contraction coupling
Myosin
B cell
25. The constant inhibition provided to the heart by the vagus nerve. Vagal tone reduces the intrinsic firing rate of teh SA node from 120 beats/minute to around 80 beats/minute.
Olfactory receptors
Vagal tone
Retinal
Ileocecal valve
26. A bacterium that cannon survive on minimal medium (glucose alone) because it lacks the ability to syntheisze a molecule it needs to live (typically an amino acid). Auxotrphs must ave the needed substance (the auxiliary trophic substance) added to the
Auxotroph
Venous returns
Transduction
Pacemaker potential
27. A large - mature - ovarian follicel with a well - developed antrum and a secondary oocyte. Ovulation of the oocyte occurs from this type of follicle.
Graafian follicle
Dendrite
Helicase
Telophase I
28. A bacterial enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA nucleotide sequence and that cuts the double helix at a specific site within the sequence.
Restriction endonuclease
Dendrite
Telomere
Spatial summation
29. The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g. - the somach - intestines - bladder - etc.) or a tube (e.g. - blood vessels - ureters - etc.)
Pore
Lumen
Enterokinase
Bowman's capsule
30. The RF value - the percentage of recombinant offspring resulting from a given genetic cross. The recombination frequency is proportional to the physical distance between genes on a chromosome. If a recombination frequency is low - the genes under con
Cornea
Formed elements
Fermentation
Recombination frequency
31. Toward the 5' end of an Rna transcript (the 5' end of the DNA coding strand). The promoter and start sites are upstream.
Goblet cells
Sister chromatid
Upsteam
Pleural pressure
32. The mechanism of contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscl cells. It is a series of four repeated steps: (1) myosin binds actin - (2) myosin pull actin toward the center of the sarcomere (3) myosin releases actin - and (4) myosin resets to its high -
Operator
Plasma
Siding filament theory
Hydroxyapatite
33. A solid clump of cells resulting from cleavage in the early embryo. Because there is very little growth of these cells during cleavage - the morula is ony about as large as the original zygote.
Morula
Stop codon
End plate potential
Homeostasis
34. The transfre by a lysogenic virus of a portion of a host cell genome to a new host.
Transduction
Parietal cells
Heterotroph
Optic nerve
35. A contractile protein. In skeletal and cardiac muscle - actin polymerizes (along with other proteins) to form the thin filaments. Actin is involved in many contractile activities - such as cyotkinesis - pseudopod formation - and muscle contraction.
Submucosa
Interphase
Monocistronic mRNA
Actin
36. The first portion of the nephron tubuel after the glomerulus. THe PCT is the site of most reabsorption; all filtered nutrients are reabsorbed here as well as most of the filtered water.
Prophase I
Lagging strand
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Lacunae
37. One of the four aromatic bases found in RNA. Uracil is pyrimidine; it pairs with adnenine.
Crossing over
Microtubule
Uracil
Bacteriophage
38. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Peristalsis
Ligand - gated ion channel
Vasa recta
Downstream
39. The inner region of the adrenal gland. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous systme - and releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine into the blood when stimuated. These hormones augment and prolon the effects of sympatheti
Endocytosis
Adrenal medulla
Pleiotropic gene
Myometrium
40. Transfer RNA; the type of RNA that carries an amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing protein.
tRNA
Nucleus
Tympanic membrane
Metaphase
41. MRna that codes for several different proteins by utliizing different reading frames - nested genets - etc. Polycistronic mRNa is a characteristic of prokaryotes.
Diaphragm
Poycistronic mRNA
Supercoiling
Graafian follicle
42. The organ that carries out teh command sent along a particular motor neuron
Bicarbonate
Analogous structures
Microtubule
Effector organ
43. A type of lymphocyte that can recognize (bind to) an antigen adn secrete an antibody specific for that antigen. When activated by binding an antigen - B cells mature into plasma cells (that secreted antibody) and memory cells (that patrol the body fo
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Melanin
Vagus nerves
B cell
44. A large system of folded membranes within a eukaryotic cell that has ribosomes bound to it - giving a rough appearnce. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will ultimately be secreted from the cell - incorporated into the plasma membrane - or tra
Penetrance
T cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Tight junction
45. A concentrated region of white blood cells found along the vessels of the lympatic system.
Catalase
Fibroblast
Albumin
Lymph node
46. The fraction of teh end - diastolic volume ejected from the ventricles in a single contraction of teh heart. THe ejection fraction is normally around 60% of the end diastolic volume.
Homeostasis
Diffusion
Ejection fraction
Repressor
47. All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Diaphragm
Genome
FSH
Conjugation
48. A sensory receptor that responds to hcanges in pressure; for example - there are baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aortic ach that monitor blood pressure.
Baroreceptor
Helicase
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Albumin
49. The membrane surrounding the DNA in eukaryotic cells made of two lipid bilayers.
Cochlea
Nuclear envelope
Mullerian ducts
tRNA
50. The point during development at which a cell becomes committed to a particular fate (sensory - other - etc.). Note that the cell is not differentiated at this point; determination comes before differentiation. Determination can be due to cytoplasmic
Determination
Lower esophageal sphincter
Differentiation
Follicular phase
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