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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A person with blood type O-. Because this person's red blood cells possess none of the typical blood suface proteins - they cannot initiate an immune reaction in a recipient.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Prostate
Universal donor
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
2. The clear portion of the tough outer layer of teh eye ball - found over the iris and pupil
Neuralation
Islets of Langerhans
Corpus callosum
Cornea
3. Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall - and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
Epinephrine
Epitope
Gram - positive bacteria
Hardy- Weinberg law
4. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the thyroid gland - stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormone.
Lacteals
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Transmembrane domain
5. Also called falopian tubes - these tubes extend laterally from their side of the uterus and serve as a passageway for the ocyte to travel from the ovary to the uterus. This is also the normal site of fertilization. Severing of the uterine tubes (tuba
Uterine tubes
Hypophysis
Neuromuscular junction
Cholesterol
6. (1) In the GI tract - organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal. These include the liver - the gallbladder - the pancreas - adn the salivary glands.
Lactic acid
Distal convoluted tubule
Accessory organs
Hexokinase
7. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Inspiration
Menstruation
Lytic cycle
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
8. The fourth (and final) phase of mitosis. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms - chromosomes decondense - and the mitotic spindle is disassembled.
Lymph node
Nonsense mutation
Exon
Telophase
9. A viral life cycle in which the host is turned into a 'virus factory' and ultimately lysed to release the new viral particles.
Lytic cycle
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Metaphase
Avascular
10. 'Yellow body.' The remnants of an ovarian follicle after ovulation has occurred. The cells enlarge and begin secreting progesterone - the dominant female hormone during the second half of the menstrual cycle. Some estrogen is also secreted.
Population
Nucleus
Duodenum
Corpus luteum
11. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
Sebaceous gland
Avascular
P site
Tidal volume
12. The second phase of meiosis I. During metaphase I the paired homologous chromsomes (tetrads) align at the center of the cell (the metaphase plate).
Jejunum
T cell
Leak channel
Metaphase I
13. Excitatory postsynaptic potential; a slight depolarization of a postsynaptic cell - bringing the membrane potential of that cell closer to the threshold for an action potential.
hnRNA
Mucocilliary escalator
EPSP
Pupil
14. A statistical rule stating that the probability of either of two indpendent (and mutually exclusive) events ocuring is the sum of their individual probabilities minus the probability of them both occuring together.
tRNA
Rule of addition
Glycolipid
Spermatogonium
15. An RNA polymerase that creates a primer (made of RNA) initiate DNa replication. DNA pol binds to the primer and elongates it.
Aminoacyl tRNA
Primase
Trachea
Lagging strand
16. The capillaries that surround the tubules of the nephron. The vasa recta reclaims reabsorbed substances - such as water and sodium ions.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Splicing
Vestibular glands
Vasa recta
17. An ion channel that is oepend or closed based on the electrical potential across the plasma membrane. Once opened - the channel allows ions to cross the membrane according to their concentration gradients. Examples are the Na+ and K+ voltage - gated
Zymogen
Parietal cells
Alveoli
Voltage - gated ion channel
18. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the Beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin targets cells in the body - especially the liver and muscle - and allows them to take glucose out of gthe blood (thus lowering blood glucose levels).
Microfilament
Insulin
Tight junction
Phosphofructokinase
19. A chemical released by the axon of a neuron in response to an action potential that binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cell and causes that cell to either depolarize slightlly (EPSP) or hyperpolarize slightly (IPSP). Examples are acetylcholine - no
Vestibular glands
Neurotransmitter
Antiparallel orientation
Goblet cells
20. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time
Nuclear pore
Hyperpolarization
Fetal stage
Secretin
21. An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate - which are delivered to the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin an
Primary active transport
Venous returns
Cholesterol
Pancreas
22. Ribosomal RNA; the type of RNA that associates with ribosomal proteins to make a functional ribosome. It is thought that the rRNA has the peptidyl transferase activity.
Platelets
rRNA
Metaphase II
Antiporter
23. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Lacteals
Nuclear pore
Autoimmune reaction
Hemizygous gene
24. The secon phase of mitosis. During metaphase chromosomes align at the center of the ell (the metaphase plate).
Metaphase
Uracil
Cortisol
Neuron
25. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Cytosine is a pyrimidine; it pairs with guanine.
Cytosine
Gram - negative bacteria
Ovarian cycle
Nucleus
26. A mutation caused by an insertion or deletion of base pairs in a gene sequence in DNA such that the reading frame of the gene (and thus teh amino acid sequence of the protein) is altered.
Atrioventricular valves
G- protein linked receptor
Alimentary canal
Frameshift mutation
27. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Peripheral membrane protein
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Lysogenic cycle
Loop of Henle
28. The middle (approximtely 40%) of the small intestine.
Jejunum
Eukaryotic
Emission
Growth hormone
29. The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller precursors - e.g. digesion of starch into glucose.
Incomplete dominance
Catabolism
Meiosis
Log phase
30. The depolarzation of the motor end plate on a muscle cell.
End plate potential
Pyrimidine bases
Chemoreceptor
Heterotroph
31. The stage of human development during which the organs are formed. Organogenesis begins after gastrulation and is completed by the eight week of gestation.
IPSP
Organogenesis
hick filament
Acid hydrolases
32. The period of time during which the ventricles of the heart are contracted.
Edema
Intermediate filaments
Rule of multiplication
Systole
33. The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle - during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the controll of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during
Seminiferous tubules
Secretory phase
Respiratory alkalosis
Orgasm
34. One of the two small chambers in the heart that receive blood and pass it on to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from teh body through the superior and inferiro vena cavae - adn the left atrium receives oxygenated blood fr
Pilus
Primase
Vitreous humor
Atrium
35. A sequence of three nucleotides (found int he anticodon loop of tRNA) that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA. The codon to which the anticodon is complementary specifies the amino acid that is carried by that tRNA.
Exocytosis
Anticodon
Lytic cycle
Reverse transcriptase
36. A small gland encircling the male urethra just inferior to the bladder (only reproductive structure not paired). Its secretion contain nutrients and enzymes and account for approximately 35% of the ejaculate volume.
Hair cells
Prostate
Diastolic pressure
Appendix
37. (1) The integration of input (EPSPs and IPSPs) from many presynaptic neruons by a single postsynaptic neuron - either temporaly or spatially. Summation of al input can either stimulate the postsynaptic neuron and possibly lead to an action potential
Summation
Artery
Macrophage
Placental villi
38. A contractile protein. In skeletal and cardiac muscle - actin polymerizes (along with other proteins) to form the thin filaments. Actin is involved in many contractile activities - such as cyotkinesis - pseudopod formation - and muscle contraction.
Macula densa
Frameshift mutation
Actin
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
39. A hormone released by teh G cells of the stomach in the presence of food. Gastrin promotes muscular activity of the stomach as well as secretion of hydrochloric acid - pepsinogen - and mucus.
Aorta
Relication fork(s)
T cell
Gastrin
40. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.
Facilitated diffusion
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Partial pressure
Cones
41. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Mesoderm ultimately forms 'middle' structures such as bones - muscles - blood vessels - heart - kindeys - etc.
Mesoderm
Peptidoglycan
Alimentary canal
Corpus luteum
42. All parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord.
Envelope
Periperal nervous system
Diencephalon
Choroid
43. Movement across the membrane of a cell that does not require energy input from the cell. Passive transport relies on concentration gradients to provie the driving force for movement - and includes both simple and facilitated diffusion.
Chymotrypsin
Passive transport
Chemical synapse
Internodal tract
44. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Transversion mutation
urfactant
Electron transport chain
Milk letdown
45. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Common bile duct
Primary oocytes
Linkage
Somatic nervous system
46. The movement of a hydrophobic molecule across the plasma membrane of cell - down its concentration gradient. Since the molecule can esialy interact with the lipid bilayer - no additional help (such as a channel or pore) is required.
Osteoclast
Enterokinase
Simple diffsuion
Spatial summation
47. The percentage of wholeblood made up of erythrocytes The typical hematocrit value is between 40-45%.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Myoglobin
Efferent neuron
Hematocrit
48. A microscopic space between the axon of one neuron and the cell body or dendrites of a secon neruon - or between the axon of a neuron and an organ.
Synaptic cleft
Accessory glands
T tubules
White matter
49. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Endoderm ultimately forms internal structures - such as the inner lining of the GI tract and glandular organs.
Fluid mosaic model
Renal absorption
Acid hydrolases
Endoderm
50. A regulatory protein that binds DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence (sometimes known as the operator) to prevent transcription of downstream genes.
Repressor
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Resolution
Exotoxin