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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 'Yellow body.' The remnants of an ovarian follicle after ovulation has occurred. The cells enlarge and begin secreting progesterone - the dominant female hormone during the second half of the menstrual cycle. Some estrogen is also secreted.
Corpus luteum
Afferent neuron
Auditory tube
Reflex arc
2. An organelle bounded by a double membrane (double lipid bilayer) called the nuclear envelope. The nucleus contains the genome and is the site of replication and transcription.
Pleural pressure
Loop of Henle
Nucleus
Implantation
3. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Midbrain
Amino Acid
Submucosa
Juxtaglomerular cells.
4. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA; the primary transcript made in eukaryotes before splicing.
IPSP
hnRNA
Retina
Follicle
5. A pigmented membrane found just in from the lens of the eye. In the center of iris is the pupil - a hole through which light enters the eyeball. The iris regulates the diameter of the pupil in response to the brightness of light.
Fluid mosaic model
Purkinje fibers
Central Nervous System
Iris
6. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.
Appendix
Creatine Phosphate
Proteins
EPSP
7. A small cell with extremely little cytoplasm that results from the unequal cytoplasmic divsion of the primary (produces the first polar body) and the secondary (produces the second polary body) oocytes during meiosis (oogenesis). The polar bodies deg
Polar body
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Purine bases
Pacemaker potential
8. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Diastole
rRNA
Differentiation
Pulmonary vein
9. The ball of capillaries at the beginning of the nephron where blood filtration takes place.
Vital capacity
Myelin
Telomere
Glomerulus
10. A toxin that secreted by a bacterium into its surrounding medium that help the bacterium compete with other species. Some exotoxins cause serious disease in humans (botulism - tetanus - diptheria - toxic shock syndrome).
Okazaki fragments
Peroxisome
Replication bubbles
Exotoxin
11. The first substrate in teh Krebs cycle - produced primarily from the oxidation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - however acetyl - CoA is also produced during fatty acid oxidation and protein catabolism.
Longitudinal muscle
Intercostal muscles
Acetyl - CoA
mRNA
12. The relationship of muscle length to its ability to generate strong contractions. Maximum tension (contraction strength) is achieved at sarcomere lengths between 2.0 and 2.2 microns. Tension decreases outside of this range <-- remember.
Length - tension relationship
Chemoreceptor
Testcross
Intermediate filaments
13. The fourth (and final) phase of mitosis. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms - chromosomes decondense - and the mitotic spindle is disassembled.
Symporter
Rule of addition
Gallbladder
Telophase
14. The portion of theforebrain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Neurotransmitter
Diencephalon
Lipoprotein
Chromosome
15. An intracellular chemical signal (such as cAMP ) that relays instructions from the cell surface to enzymes in the cytosol.
Second messenger
Sertolli cells
Retrovirus
White matter
16. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.
Nuclear pore
Lytic cycle
Hemostasis
Aminoacyl tRNA
17. A receptor that responds to light
Urethra
Phagocytosis
End plate potential
Photoreceptor
18. A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
Antagonist
Corpus luteum
Vitreous humor
Erythropoietin
19. The return of membrane potential to normal resting values after a depolarization of hyperpolarization.
Central Nervous System
Endosymbitoic theory
Retinal
Repolarization
20. The attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA (not that this a specific interaction). tRNa loading requires two high - energy phosphate bonds.
Gustatory receptors
tRNA loading
Attachment
Population
21. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
Metaphase
Monocistronic mRNA
Relative refractory period
NADH
22. A hair - like structure on teh cell surface composed of microtubules ina '9+2' arrangement (nine pairs of microtubles surrounding 2 single microtubules in the center). Teh microtubules are conneted with a contractile protien called dynein. Cilia beat
Cleavage
Homeostasis
Urinary sphincter
Cilia
23. A point mutation in which a codon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a codon that specifies a different amino acid.
Insulin
rRNA
Gray matter
Missense mutation
24. The flexible membrane in teh chochlea that supports the organ of Corti (structure which contains the hearing receptors). The fibers of the basilar membrane are short and stiff near the oval windown and long and fleaxible near the apex of the cochlea.
Basilar membrane
Uterus
Anaphase I
Antigen (Ag)
25. The sum of all genetic material in a population.
Cardiac muscle
Adenohypophis
Upsteam
Gene pool
26. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
Coccus
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Upsteam
Testosterone
27. A group of sensory neuron cell bodies found just posterior to the spinal cord on either side. A pair of root ganglia exists for each spinal nerve that expands from the spinal cord. The ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Catalase
Dorsal root ganglion
Frank Starling mechanism
Spongy bone
28. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Pleural pressure
Cortisol
Venous returns
Inhibin
29. The portion of the nephron after the glomerulus and apsule; the region of the nephron where the filtrate is modified along its path to becoming urine.
Lytic cycle
Length - tension relationship
DNA polymerase
Renal tubule
30. The division between neighboring cardiac muscle cells. Intercalcated discs include gap junctions - which allow the cells to function as a unit.
Mitochondrion
Translation
Intercalcated discs
Jejunum
31. The largest artery in teh body; the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart.
Synapsis
Inflammation
Dominant
Aorta
32. The collection of fluid in the alveoli - particularly dangerous because it impedes gas exchange. Common causes of pulmonary edema are increased pulmonary blood pressure or infection of the respiratory system.
Dendrite
Reflex arc
B cell
Pulmonary edema
33. The first branches of the trachea. There are two primary bronchi - one for each lung.
Primary bronchi
Schwann cell
Poycistronic mRNA
Periplasmic space
34. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.
Disaccharide
Prolactin
Repressible enzyme
Inhibin
35. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.
Seminiferous tubules
Exocrine gland
Aqueous humor
Semen
36. A protein fiber with a unique triple - helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong - e.g. bone - tendons - ligaments - etc.
Vagina
Collagen
Platelets
Active transport
37. The main duct of the pancreas. The pancreatic duct carries the exocrine secretions of the pancreas (enzymes and bicarbonate) to the small intestine (dueodenum).
Myosin
Pancreatic duct
Resting membrane potential
Growth hormone
38. The ends of a saromere.
Diastole
Secretion
Z lines
Endometrium
39. The 'blind spot' of the eye - this is where the axons of the ganglion cells exist the retinal to form the optic nerve. There are no photoreceptors in the optic disk.
P site
Optic disk
hick filament
Vein
40. A period of time following an action potential during which no additional action potential can be evoked regardless of the level of stimulation. (usually because Na+ channel closed whle K+ efflux)
Resolution
MHC
Postganglionic neuron
Absolute refractory period
41. The 3' end of a tRNA molecule that binds an amino acid. The nucleotide sequence at this end is CCA
Ligand
Amino acid acceptor site
Law of Segregation
Hair cells
42. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
Appendix
Homologous chromosomes
Coenzyme
Envelope
43. The cells of the distal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are receptors that monitor filtrate osmolarity as a means of regulatin filtration rate. If a drop is osmolarity is sensed - the macula densa dilates the afferent arteriole (to incr
Ovarian cycle
Macula densa
Pulmonary vein
Obligate anaerobe
44. A long projection off the cell body of a neruon down which an action potential can be propagated.
Axon
Nucleotide
Sarcolemma
Ejaculation
45. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
Corticosteroids
Antiporter
Anal sphincter
Atrium
46. The pressure measured in the arteries while the ventricles are relaxed (during diastole).
Diastolic pressure
Reflex arc
Photoreceptor
Lower esophageal sphincter
47. The membrane surrounding the DNA in eukaryotic cells made of two lipid bilayers.
Proprioreceptor
Fibrinogen
Nuclear envelope
Metaphase I
48. DNA that is loosely packed around histones. This DNA is more accessible to enzymes and the genes in euchromatin can be activated if needed.
Hemostasis
Coenzyme
Tetanus
Euchromatin
49. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Chorion
Diaphragm
Sarcolemma
Tetrad
50. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
Polysaccharides
Missense mutation
Larynx