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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An organism that can survive in the presence of oxygen (oxygen is not toxic) - but that does not use oxygen during metabolism (anaerobic metabolism only).
Tolerant anaerobe
Bronchioles
Cerebellum
Fermentation
2. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
Diastole
Tidal volume
Fermentation
Adenohypophis
3. A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
Erythropoietin
Oxaloacetate
Reverse transcriptase
Haploid organism
4. Genes that are inherited only from the mother - such as mitochondrial genes (all organelles come only from the ovum).
Maternal inheritance
Splicing
Proteins
Longitudinal muscle
5. The first part of the large intestine.
Polyspermy
Cecum
Cleavage
Glucagon
6. The movement of air out of the respiratory tract. Expiration can be passive (caused by relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of the lungs) or active (caused by contraction of the abdominal muscles - which increases intraabdominal pressure an
Expiration
Chief cells
Natural selection
Intermediate filaments
7. The cord that connects the embryo of a developing mammal to the placenta in the uterus of the mother. The umbilical cord contains fetal arteries (carry blood toward the placenta) and veins (carry blood away from the placenta). The umbilical vessels d
Umbilical cord
Poycistronic mRNA
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Preganglionic neuron
8. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
Olfactory receptors
Osteon
Testosterone
Repressible enzyme
9. A region within the nucleus where rRNA is transribed and ribosomes are partially assembled.
Thyroxine
Trophoblast
Nucleolus
Uracil
10. An ion channel that is opened or closed based on the binding of a specific ligand to teh channel. Once opened - the channel allows the ion to cross the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient. An examples is the acetylcholine receptor
Progesterone
Cardiac conduction system
Voltage - gated ion channel
Ligand - gated ion channel
11. The primary enzyme in peroxisomes; catalse catalyzes the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen.
Macula densa
hick filament
Catalase
Exotoxin
12. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Maternal inheritance
Parietal cells
Pyrimidine bases
Operator
13. The division between neighboring cardiac muscle cells. Intercalcated discs include gap junctions - which allow the cells to function as a unit.
Meiosis
Intercalcated discs
Lagging strand
Clathrin
14. One of several different nutrietns that must be consumed in the diet - and generally not synthesized in the body. Vitamins can be hdyrophobic (fat - solube) or hydrophilic (water - soluble).
Primary active transport
Chylomicron
Lytic cycle
Vitamin
15. A bacterial structure formed in unfavorable growth conditions. Endospores have very rough outer shells made of peptidoglycan and can survive harsh conditions. The bacterium inside the endospore is essentially dormant and can become active (called ger
Mutualism
Residual volume
Endospore
Sphygmomanometer
16. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.
tRNA
Partial pressure
RNA polymerase
Erythrocyte
17. The relationship of muscle length to its ability to generate strong contractions. Maximum tension (contraction strength) is achieved at sarcomere lengths between 2.0 and 2.2 microns. Tension decreases outside of this range <-- remember.
Length - tension relationship
Osmosis
Myosin
Thin filament
18. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Myelin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Cross bridge
Endosymbitoic theory
19. A trop hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gand that targets the adrenal cortex - stimulating it to relase corisol and aldosterone.
Partial pressure
Ventricle
Electron transport chain
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
20. Also called DNA pol - this is the enzyme that replicates DNA. Eukaryotes have a single version of the enzyme - simply called DNA pol (not need to know much detail); prokaryotes have three versions - called DNA pol I - DNA pol II - and DNA pol III.
Fluid mosaic model
Dominant
DNA polymerase
Cofactor
21. Very small air tubes int eh respiratory system (diameter 0.5 - 1.0 mm). The walls of the bronchioles are made of smooth muscle (thus involunatry) to help regulate air flow.
Blastocyst
Bronchioles
Secretin
RNA polymerase
22. The reduction of pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate in order to regenerate NAD+ from NADH. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen - and allow glycolysis to continue under those conditions.
Gap phase
Excitation - contraction coupling
Fermentation
Cross bridge
23. The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Promoter
Wolffian ducts
Atrioventricular valves
24. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Determination
Binary fission
F1 generation
Proprioreceptor
25. The division of the autonomic nervous system known as the 'resting and digesting' system. It causes a general decrease in body activities such as heart rate - respiratory rate - and blood pressure - and an increase in blood flow to the GI tract and d
Testes
Urea
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Parasympathetic nervous system
26. An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the DNA strands in preparation for DNA replication.
Accessory organs
Pulmonary circulation
Helicase
Interneuron
27. The outer protein coat of a virus (the whole coat)
Lag phase
Capsid
Excitation - contraction coupling
Sarcolemma
28. The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell. At the NMJ - the muscle cel lmembrane is invaginated and the axon terminus is elongated so that a greater area of membrane can be depolarized at one time.
H zone
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Adrenergic tone
Neuromuscular junction
29. The oxidation of high - energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP - producing ATP. In eukaryotes - oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondira.
Chorion
Alimentary canal
Peristalsis
Oxidative phosphorylation
30. The portion of the hindbrain that controls respiratory and blood pressure - and specialized digestive and respiratory functions such as vomiting - sneezing - and coughing.
Ossicles
Hematocrit
Medulla oblongata
Gallbladder
31. A passageway leading from behind the nasal cavity to the trachea. The pharynx is divided into three regions - named for their location. The nasopharynx is behind the nasal cavity - the oropharynx is behind the oral cavity - and the laryngopharynx is
Antiporter
Exclusion
Pharynx
Antigen presenting cell
32. The neurotransmitter used throughout the parasympathetic nervous system as well as the neuromuscular junction.
Gap phase
Lymphokine
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Progesterone
33. Movement across the membrane of a cell that does not require energy input from the cell. Passive transport relies on concentration gradients to provie the driving force for movement - and includes both simple and facilitated diffusion.
Passive transport
Norepinephrine
Pyruvic acid
Transduction
34. The capillaries that surround the tubules of the nephron. The vasa recta reclaims reabsorbed substances - such as water and sodium ions.
Interphase
Allosteric regulation
Innate immunity
Vasa recta
35. The first substrate in teh Krebs cycle - produced primarily from the oxidation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - however acetyl - CoA is also produced during fatty acid oxidation and protein catabolism.
Acetyl - CoA
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Thymus
Matrix
36. A virus that infects a bacterium.
Bacteriophage
Single strand binding proteins
Chemotaxis
Portal systems
37. A viral life cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome where it can remain dormant for an unspecified period of time. Upon activation - the viral genome is excised from the host genome and typically enters the lytic cycle.
Amino acid acceptor site
Lysogenic cycle
5' cap
Renin
38. Also known as the Bundle of His - this is the first portion of the cardiac conduction system - after the AV node.
Diastolic pressure
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Vas deferens
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
39. Three loop - like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.
Fast block to polyspermy
Semicircular canals
Parasympathetic nervous system
Labor contractions
40. An organism that requires the aid of a host organism to survive - and that harms the host in the process.
Parasite
Sister chromatid
Thermoreceptor
Epiphyseal plate
41. The interior of a mitochondrion (the region bounded by the inner membrane). - The matrix is the site of action of pyruvate dehydroganse complex and the Krebs cycle.
Matrix
Hemizygous gene
Insulin
Cervix
42. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Ovary
Lacunae
Spatial summation
Autosome
43. A viral life cycle in which the host is turned into a 'virus factory' and ultimately lysed to release the new viral particles.
Creatine Phosphate
Lytic cycle
Long bone
Power stroke
44. An integral membrane protein that undergoes a conformational change to move a molecule from one side of the membrane to another. See also 'uniporter' - 'antiporter' - and 'symporter'.
Nucleoside
Amylase
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Carrier protein
45. A contractile protein connecting microtubules in the '9+2- arrangement of cilia and eukaryotic flagella. The contraction of dynein produces the characteristic movement of these structures.
Microfilament
Dynein
Fascicle
Blastocyst
46. High frequency of recombination bacterium An F+ bacterium that has the fertility factor integrated into its chromosome. When conjugation takes place - it is able to transfer not only the F factor - but also its genomic DNA.
Hfr bacterium
Diffusion
Seminiferous tubules
Afferent arteriole
47. The allele in a heterozygou genotype that is not expressed; the phenotype resulting from possession of two recessive alleles (homozygous recessive).
Recessive
Carrier protein
Phototroph
Secretory phase
48. A long - coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.
Urinary sphincter
Epididymis
Active transport
Dynein
49. A hormone secreted by the samll intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of fats. It promotes release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas - and reduces stomach motility.
Microvilli
Calmodulin
Nucleus
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
50. Also known as the cortical reaction - the slow block invovles an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in the egg - which causes the release of cortical granules near the egg plasma membrane. This results in the hardening of the zona pellucida and its sep
Clathrin
Vas deferens
Slow block to polyspermy
Transition mutation
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