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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The fraction of teh end - diastolic volume ejected from the ventricles in a single contraction of teh heart. THe ejection fraction is normally around 60% of the end diastolic volume.
Ejection fraction
Zygote
T cell
Uterus
2. The middle (approximtely 40%) of the small intestine.
Aldosterone
Medulla oblongata
Ectoderm
Jejunum
3. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
Lumen
Facultative anaerobe
Osmotic pressure
Efferent arteriole
4. A person with blood type AB+. Because this person's red blood cells possess all of the typical blood surface proteins - they will not display an immune reaction if transfused with any of the other blood types.
Expiration
Universal acceptor
Signal sequence
Induction
5. A hormone released from the hypothalamus that triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
Afferent neuron
Tropic hormone
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Long bone
6. Also called falopian tubes - these tubes extend laterally from their side of the uterus and serve as a passageway for the ocyte to travel from the ovary to the uterus. This is also the normal site of fertilization. Severing of the uterine tubes (tuba
Uterine tubes
Intron
Amphipathic
Secretion
7. The division of the inner cell mass of a blastocyst (developing embryo) into the three primary germ layers. Gastrulation occurs during weeks 2-4 of gestation.
Gastrulation
Anaphase
Islets of Langerhans
Villi
8. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Carbonic anhydrase
Albumin
Humoral immunity
Exotoxin
9. A function in the reproductive system - controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system - that includes erection (via dilation of erectile arteries) and lubrication.
Arousal
Gastrin
Loop of Henle
Diaphragm
10. The flow of blood through a tissue; ischeia is when there is no blood flow - anoxia when there is no O2 available (ischemia is more dangerous b/c of waste build - up)
Perfusion
Retina
Reflex arc
Seminiferous tubules
11. The ability of tissues to regulate their own blood flow in the absence of neural stiulation. THis is generally accomplished via metabolic wastes (such as CO2) that act as vasodilators.
Chondrocyte
Aldosterone
Clathrin
Local autoregulation
12. The subdivision of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Calmodulin
Hemizygous gene
Spongy bone
Central Nervous System
13. The first step in viral infection. Attachemen of a virus to its host is very specific and is also known as adsorption.
Attachment
Metaphase I
Erythrocyte
Epididymis
14. A concentrated region of white blood cells found along the vessels of the lympatic system.
Motor end plate
Lymph node
Distal convoluted tubule
Exocrine gland
15. Cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter in between that of the microtubule and the microfilament. Intermediate filaments are composed of many different proteins and tend to play structural roles in cells.
Intermediate filaments
Ganglion
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Telophase II
16. A group of three enzymes that decarboxylates pyruvate - creating an acetyl group and carbon dioxide. The acetyl group is then attached to coenzyme A to produce acetyl - CoA - a substrate in the Krebs cycle. In the process - NAD+ is reduced to NADH. T
Peripheral resistance
Osteoblast
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Meninges
17. The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle - during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the controll of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during
Secretory phase
Fimbriae
Exocytosis
Duodenum
18. The region of teh brain that coordinates and smooth skeletal muscle activity.
Cerebellum
Oxidative phosphorylation
Dendrite
Cilia
19. A general cell junction - used primarily for adhesion.
Desmosome
Epidermis
Urea
Anabolism
20. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is susbstituted for a pyrimidine - or a purine is substituted for a purine.
Haploid organism
Synovial fluid
Transition mutation
Erythrocyte
21. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Loose connective tissue
Phagocytosis
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Sebaceous gland
22. A string of several hundred adenine nucletodies added to the 3' end of the eukaryotic mRNA.
Poly- A tail
Okazaki fragments
Calcitriol
Prolactin
23. A kinase in smooth muscle cells activated by calmodulin the presence of Ca2+. As its name implies - this kinase phosphorylates myosin - activating it so that muscle contraction can occur.
Intercalcated discs
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
Lacteals
Anal sphincter
24. A nucleotide sequence that intervenes between protein - coding sequences. In DNA - these intervening sequences typically contain **regulatory sequences - however - in RNA they are simply spliced out to form the mature (translated) transcript.
Epitope
Intermediate filaments
Capsid
Intron
25. The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy - often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.
Somatic nervous system
Spermatid
Intron
Active transport
26. The bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
Syncytium
Spermatogonium
Peptide bond
Labia
27. The movement of air into the respiratory tract. Inspiration is an active process - requiring contraction of the diaphragm.
Pancreatic duct
Gene pool
Inspiration
Photoreceptor
28. Identical copies of a chromosome - produced during DNA replication and held together at the centromere Sister chromatids are separated during anaphase of mitosis.
Epidermis
Thrombus
Sister chromatid
Tetanus
29. Ribosomal RNA; the type of RNA that associates with ribosomal proteins to make a functional ribosome. It is thought that the rRNA has the peptidyl transferase activity.
Distal convoluted tubule
Absolute refractory period
Macula densa
rRNA
30. An asexual method of bacterial reproduction that serves only to increase the size of the population; ther is no introduciton of gnetic diversity. THe bacterium simply grows in size until it has doubled its cellular components - then it replicates its
Binary fission
Residual volume
Long bone
Cerebellum
31. An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together - thus reducing the effort re
urfactant
Tendon
Cilia
Symporter
32. The RF value - the percentage of recombinant offspring resulting from a given genetic cross. The recombination frequency is proportional to the physical distance between genes on a chromosome. If a recombination frequency is low - the genes under con
Exocrine gland
Aqueous humor
Recombination frequency
Thyroxine
33. The normal configuration of double - stranded DNA in which the 5' end of oen strand is paired with the 3' end of the other
Epidermis
Medulla oblongata
Gene pool
Antiparallel orientation
34. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.
Vas deferens
Distal convoluted tubule
Fimbriae
Active site
35. An ion channel specific for potassium found in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body. Leak channels are constitutively open and allow their specifi ion to move across the membrane according to its gadient. Potassium leak channels allow potassi
Telomere
Follicular phase
Skeletal muscle
Potassium leak channel
36. A situation in which the expression of one gene prevents expression of all allelic forms of another gene - e.g. - the gene for male pattern baldness is epistatic to the hair color gene.
Semiconservative replication
Ejection fraction
Epistasis
Thermoreceptor
37. A gene appearing in a single copy in diploid organisms - e.g. X- linked genes in human males.
Universal acceptor
Epiphysis
Population
Hemizygous gene
38. The specific site on an antigenic molecule that binds to a T cell receptor or to an antibody.
Recessive
Epitope
Chondrocyte
Proximal convoluted tubuel
39. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
Aqueous humor
Fibrinogen
Secretion
Sarcomere
40. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Lymphokine
Plasmid
Fertilization
Atrioventricular (AV) node
41. The folds of skin that enclose the vaginal and urethral openings of females.
Labia
Restriction endonuclease
Cartilage
Reverse transcriptase
42. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Prophase II
Guanine
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Chondrocyte
43. The portion of the placenta derived from the zygote.
Ileocecal valve
Downstream
Functional synctium
Chorion
44. The inner region of the adrenal gland. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous systme - and releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine into the blood when stimuated. These hormones augment and prolon the effects of sympatheti
cDNA
Secretory phase
Adrenal medulla
Primase
45. All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Genome
Plaque
Mitosis
Umbilical cord
46. The rapid mitotic division of a zygot that being within 24-36 hours after fertilization
Oxytocin
5' cap
Sarcomere
Cleavage
47. The valve that controls the release of urine from the bladder. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Urinary sphincter
Anal sphincter
Oxidative phosphorylation
Edema
48. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Umbilical cord
Loose connective tissue
Ovulation
Homologous chromosomes
49. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Oxytocin
Tolerant anaerobe
Afferent neuron
Afferent arteriole
50. A neuron that arries information (action potentials) to the central nervous system; a sensory neuron.
Afferent neuron
Avascular
Nonsense mutation
First law of Thermodynamics
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