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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle - during which the endometrium (shed off during menstration is rebuilt). This phase of the cycle is under the control of estrogen - secreted from the follicle developing in the ovary during this tim
Proliferative phase
Chief cells
Vital capacity
Noncompetitive inhibitor
2. The rapid mitotic division of a zygot that being within 24-36 hours after fertilization
Cleavage
Inflammation
Prophase I
Phagocytosis
3. The reactants in an enzyme - catalyzed reaction. Substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
Substrate(s)
Ptyalin
Peptide hormone
Ligand
4. The opening to the uterus The ervix is typically plugged with a sticky acidic mucus during non - fertile times (to form a barrier against the entry of pathogens) - however during ovulation the mucus becomes more watery and alkaline to facilitate sper
Follicular phase
Temporal summation
Antiporter
Cervix
5. A eukaryotic organelle filled with digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) that is involved in digestion of macromolecules such as worng organelles or material ingested by phagocytosis.
Envelope
Prophase II
Restriction endonuclease
Lysosome
6. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that respond to dim light and provide us with black and white vision.
Prophase I
Rods
Lymphocyte
Repressible enzyme
7. The 3D site of an enzyme where substrates (reactants) bind and a chemical reaction is facilitated.
Active site
Siding filament theory
Central Nervous System
Synapsis
8. Unmyelinated neuron cell bodies and short unmyelinated axons.
Obligate anaerobe
Mucosa
Epiglottis
Gray matter
9. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Eukaryotic
Estrogen
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Adenohypophis
10. The unit of combact bone - also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal - and is where blood vessels - nervs - and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down
Osteocyte
Zona pellucida
Telophase II
Osteon
11. A nucleoside with one or more phosphate gropus attached. Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are the building blocks of RNA and are also used as energy molecules - especially ATP. Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA; in t
Dynein
Cervix
Substrate(s)
Nucleotide
12. The smalles of all blodo vessles - typically having a diamtere just large neough for blood cells to pass through in single file. Capillaries have extremelyu thin walls to faciliate the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues.
Operator
Troponin
Saprophyte
Capilary
13. A receptor that responds to light
Seminal vesicles
Photoreceptor
Vitreous humor
Clathrin
14. The return of membrane potential to normal resting values after a depolarization of hyperpolarization.
Repolarization
Resolution
Peroxisome
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
15. The layer of granulosa cells taht surround an oocyte after is has been ovulated.
Pulmonary vein
Z lines
Corona radiata
Pupil
16. The portion of the cardiac conduction system between the SA node and the AV node.
Internodal tract
Replication bubbles
Slow block to polyspermy
Anaphase I
17. Also called immunoblobins - the antibodies are protiens secreted by B- cells upon activation that bind in a highly specific manner to foreign proteins (such as those found of the surface of pathogens or transplanted tissues). The foreign proteins are
Islets of Langerhans
Transduction
Peristalsis
Antibody (Ab)
18. A non - protein - but organic - molecule (such as vitamin) that is covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the active site.
Inspiration
Acid hydrolases
Operator
Prosthetic group
19. The specific site on an antigenic molecule that binds to a T cell receptor or to an antibody.
Ventricle
Calcitonin
Epitope
Antagonist
20. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
F (fertility) factor
Tight junction
Missense mutation
Induction
21. A blood clot that forms in an unbrokened blood vessel. Thrombi are dangerous they can break free and begin travelin in the bloodstream (become an embolus). Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissue
Antiparallel orientation
Thrombus
Corpus callosum
Endometrium
22. A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration (it does not move - just stays there). Muscles that participate in endurance activities (inclu
Autotroph
Leak channel
Ovary
Myoglobin
23. An enzyme that polymerizes a strand of DNA by reading an RNA template (an RNA dependent DNa polymerase); used by retrovirus in order to integrate their genome with the host cell genome.
Reverse transcriptase
Pinocytosis
Aqueous humor
Renin
24. Sperm production; occurs in human males on a daily basis from puberty until death. Spermatogenesis results in the production of four mature gametes (sperm) from a single precursor cell (spermatogonium). For maximum sperm viability - spermatogenesis r
Spermatogenesis
Peripheral membrane protein
Heterotroph
Antibody (Ab)
25. Proteins that bind to and stabilize the signle strands of DNA exposed when helicase unwinds the double helix in preparation for replication.
Medium
Uterine tubes
Single strand binding proteins
Meninges
26. An organism that can only survive in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic metabolism); oxygen is toxic to obligate anaerobes.
Codominance
Thyroxine
Ureters
Obligate anaerobe
27. The first substrate in teh Krebs cycle - produced primarily from the oxidation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - however acetyl - CoA is also produced during fatty acid oxidation and protein catabolism.
Acetyl - CoA
Spermatid
Synovial fluid
Frank Starling mechanism
28. The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream.
NADH
hick filament
Nucleolus
Partial pressure
29. A tRNA with an amino acid attached. This is made by an animoacyl - tRNA synthetase specific to the amino acid being attache.d
Osteocyte
Baroreceptor
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Aminoacyl tRNA
30. A version of a gene. For example - the gene may be for eye color - and the allels include those for brown eyes - those for blu e eyes - those green eyes - etc. At most - dploid organsims can posses only two alleles for a given gene - one on each of t
Afferent arteriole
Allele
Rectum
Potassium leak channel
31. A mass of lymphatic tissue at the befenning of the large intestine that helps trap ingested pathogens.
Gallbladder
Bacilus
Platelets
Appendix
32. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
Hypophysis
Zona pellucida
Kinase
Secondary spermatocytes
33. DNA that is loosely packed around histones. This DNA is more accessible to enzymes and the genes in euchromatin can be activated if needed.
Euchromatin
Placental villi
End plate potential
Poycistronic mRNA
34. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
I band
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Epiphysis
35. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
Homologous chromosomes
Cochlea
NADH
Zona pellucida
36. A clear fluid the circulates around through the brain and spinal cord that helps to physially support teh brain and act as a shock absorber - and taht also exchanges nutrients and wastes with teh brain and spinal cord.
Cardiac muscle
Bacteriophage
Z lines
Cerebrospinal fluid
37. Chemoreceptors in the upper nasal cavity that respond to odo chemicals.
Zona pellucida
Vestibular glands
Olfactory receptors
FSH
38. The shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis is hollow and is made entirely from compact bone.
Length - tension relationship
Spermatogenesis
Acid hydrolases
Diaphysis
39. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
Tight junction
Lactic acid
Totipotent
Blastocyst
40. A form of evolution in which different organisms are placed into the same environment and exposed to teh same selection pressures. This causes the organisms to evolve along similar lines. As a result - they may share functional - but not structural s
Axon
Synapsis
Convergent evolution
Urethra
41. A diploid cell that can undergo mitosis to form more spermatogonium - and can also be triggered to undergo meiosis to form sperm.
Antibody (Ab)
Spermatogonium
Retrovirus
Fluid mosaic model
42. The modifaction of enzyme activity through interactino of molecules with specific sites on the enzyme other than the active site (called allosteric sites)
Monocistronic mRNA
Allosteric regulation
Hypothalamus
Urea
43. The bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
Effector organ
Leukocyte
Peptide bond
Catabolism
44. An activated B cell that is secreting antibody.
Plasma cell
Length - tension relationship
Respiratory alkalosis
Renal tubule
45. The division of the inner cell mass of a blastocyst (developing embryo) into the three primary germ layers. Gastrulation occurs during weeks 2-4 of gestation.
Mechanoreceptors
Silent mutation
Gastrulation
Genome
46. A type of cell division (in diploid cells) that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Meiosis usualy produces haploid gametes in organisms that undergo sexual reproduction. It consists of a single interphase (G1 - S - and G2) followed by two set
Incomplete dominance
Meiosis
Chitin
Endotoxin
47. A lubricating - nourishing fluid found in joint capsules.
Synovial fluid
Aminoacyl tRNA
Coronary vessels
Central Nervous System
48. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
NADH
Amphipathic
Lymphokine
Urinary sphincter
49. The first part of the large intestine.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cecum
Chitin
Secretory phase
50. Multiple sites of replication found on large - linear eukaryotic linear eukaryotie chromosomes.
Sarcolemma
Menopause
Replication bubbles
Capacitation