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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The inner region of an organ - e.g. - the renal medulla - the ovarian medulla - and the adrenal medulla - etc.
Guanine
Telophase
Analogous structures
Medulla
2. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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3. A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions.
Uterine tubes
Coccus
Synaptic cleft
Antiporter
4. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization
Ligand - gated ion channel
Gallbladder
Bacilus
Acrosome
5. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Monocistronic mRNA
Disaccharide
Pyrimidine bases
Single strand binding proteins
6. An enzyme that transcribes RNa. Prokaryotes have a single RNA pol - while eukaryotes have three; in eukaryotes - RNA pol I transcribes rRNA - RNA pol II transcribes mRNA - and RNA pol III transcribes tRNA.
RNA polymerase
Neuromuscular junction
Spermatid
Perfusion
7. The cells of the distal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are receptors that monitor filtrate osmolarity as a means of regulatin filtration rate. If a drop is osmolarity is sensed - the macula densa dilates the afferent arteriole (to incr
Distal convoluted tubule
Cytokinesis
Macula densa
Reverse transcriptase
8. The 3' end of a tRNA molecule that binds an amino acid. The nucleotide sequence at this end is CCA
Bile
Cortex
Saltatory conduction
Amino acid acceptor site
9. Mendels' first law. The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles of a given gene will be separate from one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Motor unit recruitment
5' cap
Hemizygous gene
Law of Segregation
10. A nucleoside with one or more phosphate gropus attached. Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are the building blocks of RNA and are also used as energy molecules - especially ATP. Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA; in t
Orgasm
Secondary oocyte
Nucleotide
Adrenal medulla
11. The secon phase of mitosis. During metaphase chromosomes align at the center of the ell (the metaphase plate).
Motor unit recruitment
Hepatic portal vein
Metaphase
Retinal
12. The product of glycolysis; 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule. In the absence of oxygen - pyruvic acid undergoes fermentation and is reduced to either lactic acid or ethanol; in the presence of oxygen - py
Facilitated diffusion
Heterozygous
Pyruvic acid
Gustatory receptors
13. A situation in which the expression of one gene prevents expression of all allelic forms of another gene - e.g. - the gene for male pattern baldness is epistatic to the hair color gene.
Duodenum
Epistasis
Competitive inhibitor
Endometrium
14. Pain receptors. Nociceptors are found everywhere in the body except for the brain.
Virus
Hepatic portal vein
Nucleus
Nociceptors
15. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Thin filament
Genetic code
Islets of Langerhans
Ectoderm
16. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Milk letdown
Liver
Corpus luteum
Urinary sphincter
17. The nerve extending from the back of teh eyeball to teh brain that carries visual information. The ptic nerve is made up of the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.
Renal tubule
Optic nerve
Transition mutation
Telophase
18. An asexual method of bacterial reproduction that serves only to increase the size of the population; ther is no introduciton of gnetic diversity. THe bacterium simply grows in size until it has doubled its cellular components - then it replicates its
Bulbourethral galnds
Binary fission
Repressor
First law of Thermodynamics
19. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Ventricle
Bipolar neuron
Periplasmic space
Proprioreceptor
20. A string of several hundred adenine nucletodies added to the 3' end of the eukaryotic mRNA.
Thyroxine
Nucleolus
Poly- A tail
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
21. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Autoimmune reaction
Endosymbitoic theory
Proliferative phase
22. The mechanism described by Charles Darwin that drives evolution. Through mutation - some organisms possess genes that make them better adapted to their environment. These organisms survive and reproduce more than those that do not possess the benefic
Chemoreceptor
Natural selection
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Meiosis
23. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
Analogous structures
Loop of Henle
Lactic acid
Adenohypophis
24. The movement of a particle (the solute) in a solution from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration ( or down it concentration gradient).
Diffusion
Villi
Z lines
Heterozygous
25. The constant inhibition provided to the heart by the vagus nerve. Vagal tone reduces the intrinsic firing rate of teh SA node from 120 beats/minute to around 80 beats/minute.
Ovary
Keratin
Vagal tone
Corticosteroids
26. The reduced from (carries electrons) of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). this is the other main electron carrier in cellular respiration (NADH is the most common).
Synaptic cleft
Lactic acid
Plasma cell
FADH2
27. The location on a chromosome where transcription begins.
Ventricle
Semicircular canals
Vestibular glands
Start site
28. A chromosome that does not determine gender (is not a sex chromosome). Humans have two sex chromsomes and 22 autosomes.
Autosome
Bohr effect
Calmodulin
Systole
29. An RNA polymerase that creates a primer (made of RNA) initiate DNa replication. DNA pol binds to the primer and elongates it.
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Primase
Thecal cells
Thyroxine
30. Receptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta that monitor blood pH to help regulate ventilation rate.
Replication bubbles
Repressor
Sphygmomanometer
Peripheral chemoreceptors
31. A clear area in a lawn of bacteria. Plaques represent an area where bacteria are lysing (dying) and usually caused by a lytic virus.
Plaque
Myosin
Pleiotropic gene
Peripheral chemoreceptors
32. A generic connective tissue cell that produces fibers; the progenitor of all other connective tissue cell types.
Interstitial cell
Primary oocytes
Acrosome
Fibroblast
33. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Ectoderm ultimately forms external structures such as the skin - hair - nails - and inner linings of the mouth and anus - as well as the entire nervous system.
Periperal nervous system
Depolarization
Ectoderm
Fibroblast
34. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Aorta
Urethra
Thyroxine
35. A chemical derived from vitamin A found in the pigment proteins of the rod photoreceptors of the retina. Retinal changes conformation when it absorbs light - triggering a series of reactions that ultimately result in an action potential being sent to
Hemizygous gene
Hyperpolarization
Retinal
Start site
36. The reactants in an enzyme - catalyzed reaction. Substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
Osteon
Spleen
Cholesterol
Substrate(s)
37. The set of adult characteristics that develop during puberty under the control of the sex steroids. In males the secondary sex characteristics include enlargement and maturation of the genitalia - growth of facial - body - and pubic hair - increased
Mitochondrion
Secondary sex characteristics
Anaphase
Neurotransmitter
38. A form of evolution in which different organisms are placed into the same environment and exposed to teh same selection pressures. This causes the organisms to evolve along similar lines. As a result - they may share functional - but not structural s
Gallbladder
Convergent evolution
Excretion
Functional synctium
39. The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Population
Divergent evolution
Calcitriol
Cristae
40. Integration by a postsynaptic neuron of inputs (EPSPs and IPSPs) from multiple sources.
Spatial summation
Channel protein
Lysosome
Cones
41. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.
Homeostasis
Insulin
Dendrite
Hemostasis
42. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase I
Progesterone
Allosteric regulation
Gametogenesis
43. The burrowing of a blastocyst (a developing embryo) into the endometrium of the uterus - typically occuring about a week after fertilizaiton.
Implantation
Slow block to polyspermy
Matrix
Sclera
44. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
Catalyst
Resting membrane potential
Topoisomerase
Zona pellucida
45. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Heterochromatin
Endosymbitoic theory
Resolution
Cortisol
46. The movement of air into the respiratory tract. Inspiration is an active process - requiring contraction of the diaphragm.
Inspiration
Adenohypophis
Urinary sphincter
Cecum
47. A law of population genetics that states that the frequencies of alleles in a given gene pool do not change over time. There are five assumptions required for this law to hold true: there must be no mutation - there must be no migration - there must
Menstruation
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Mucosa
Hardy- Weinberg law
48. The prokaryotic ribosome - binding site on mRNA - found 10 nucleotides 5' to the start codon.
Endometrium
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Telophase
Oval window
49. A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example - the Na+- glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.
Symporter
Complement system
Myelin
Hydroxyapatite
50. The second most common of the five classes of leukocytes. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity and include two cell types - B- cells and T cells. B- cells produce and secrete antibodies and T- cells are invovled in cellular immunity.
Lymphocyte
Seminal vesicles
Bone marrow
Transmembrane domain