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MCAT Prep Biology
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The inner epithelial lining of the uterus that thickens and develops during the menstrual cycle - into which a fertilized ovum can implant - and which sloughs off during menstration if a pregnancy does not occur.
Glomerulus
Haploid organism
Excretion
Endometrium
2. A protein channel in a cell membrane that is specific for a particular ion - such as Na+ or K+. Ion channels may be constitutively open (leak channels) - or regulated (voltage - gated or ligand - gated).
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Ion channel
Goblet cells
Cytosine
3. The cord that connects the embryo of a developing mammal to the placenta in the uterus of the mother. The umbilical cord contains fetal arteries (carry blood toward the placenta) and veins (carry blood away from the placenta). The umbilical vessels d
Umbilical cord
Exon
Downstream
Pulmonary artery
4. The valves in the heart that separate the ventricles from the arteries. The pulmonary semilunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery - and the aortic semilunar valve separates left ventricle from the aorta. These valves close
Anterioir pituitary gland
Vital capacity
Dynein
Semilunar valves
5. One of the contractie proteins in muscle tissue. In skeletal and cardiac muscles - myosin forms the thick filaments. Myosin has intrinsic ATPase activity and can exist in two conformation - either high energy or low energy.
Competitive inhibitor
Appendix
Myosin
Ovarian cycle
6. A structure composed of a ribose molecule linked to one of the aromatic bases. In a deoxynucleoside - the ribose is replaced with deoxyribose.
Cervix
Hematocrit
Law of Segregation
Nucleoside
7. A viral life cycle in which the host is turned into a 'virus factory' and ultimately lysed to release the new viral particles.
Point mutation
Lytic cycle
Sclera
Secretion
8. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.
Cornea
Plasma cell
Loose connective tissue
Operator
9. A specific DNA nucleotide sequence where transcriptional regulatory proteins can bind.
Operator
Ion channel
Organogenesis
hCG
10. A passageway leading from behind the nasal cavity to the trachea. The pharynx is divided into three regions - named for their location. The nasopharynx is behind the nasal cavity - the oropharynx is behind the oral cavity - and the laryngopharynx is
Cortisol
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Coccus
Pharynx
11. An ion channel that is constitutively open - allowing the movement of teh ion across the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient.
Leak channel
Relative refractory period
Depolarization
Anabolism
12. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Tendon
Basement membrane
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Euchromatin
13. The transfre by a lysogenic virus of a portion of a host cell genome to a new host.
Integral membrane protein
Leukocyte
Nuclear localization sequence
Transduction
14. A type of lipoprotein; the form in which absorbed fats from the intestines are transported to the circulatory system.
Hemophilia
Chylomicron
Purine bases
Phosphofructokinase
15. An asexual method of bacterial reproduction that serves only to increase the size of the population; ther is no introduciton of gnetic diversity. THe bacterium simply grows in size until it has doubled its cellular components - then it replicates its
Binary fission
Labor contractions
Passive transport
Cardiac conduction system
16. The monomer of a protein; amino acids hae an amio group on one end fo the molecule and a carboxylic acid group on the other - and of the of 2 different side chains.
Diaphysis
Amino Acid
Mitochondrion
EPSP
17. Major Histocompatability complex - a set of proteins found on the plasma membranes of cells that help display antigen to T cells. MHC I is found on all cells and displays bits of proteins from within the cell; this allows T cells to monitor cell cont
Polyspermy
MHC
cDNA
Total lung capacity
18. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Seminiferous tubules
Endometrial cycle
Myofibril
Penetration
19. The fourth (and final) phase of mitosis. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms - chromosomes decondense - and the mitotic spindle is disassembled.
Efferent arteriole
Spermatogenesis
Telophase
Afferent neuron
20. A blood protein produced by the liver. Albumin helps to mantain blood osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
Albumin
Heterochromatin
Cleavage
Purkinje fibers
21. The portion of the hindbrain that controls respiratory and blood pressure - and specialized digestive and respiratory functions such as vomiting - sneezing - and coughing.
Somatic nervous system
Medulla oblongata
Endoderm
Respiratory alkalosis
22. An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the DNA strands in preparation for DNA replication.
Ceruminous gland
End plate potential
Helicase
Central Nervous System
23. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Gyrase
Cortex
Resolution
Diaphragm
24. A protein fiber with a unique triple - helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong - e.g. bone - tendons - ligaments - etc.
Collagen
Formed elements
Dendrite
Catalyst
25. A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical disturbances - such as shape changes (being squashed - bent - pulled - etc.). Mechanoreceptors include touch receptors in the skin - hair cells - in the ear - muscle spindles - and others.
Efferent neuron
Lower esophageal sphincter
Mechanoreceptors
Bronchioles
26. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Arousal
Nodes of Ranvier
Complement system
Catalase
27. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Carbonic anhydrase
Hemizygous gene
Peptide hormone
Mesoderm
28. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of anoogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
Excitation - contraction coupling
Primary oocytes
Nucleotide
Medium
29. The unit of combact bone - also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal - and is where blood vessels - nervs - and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down
Respiratory alkalosis
Stop codon
Anal sphincter
Osteon
30. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Expiration
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Pyrimidine bases
Spirochete
31. An ion channel that is opened or closed based on the binding of a specific ligand to teh channel. Once opened - the channel allows the ion to cross the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient. An examples is the acetylcholine receptor
Baroreceptor
Pharynx
Leukocyte
Ligand - gated ion channel
32. The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at teh AV node - allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract.
Expiration
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Replication
Implantation
33. A large system of folded membranes within a eukaryotic cell that has ribosomes bound to it - giving a rough appearnce. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will ultimately be secreted from the cell - incorporated into the plasma membrane - or tra
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Passive transport
Phenotype
Aqueous humor
34. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Ectoderm ultimately forms external structures such as the skin - hair - nails - and inner linings of the mouth and anus - as well as the entire nervous system.
Intercalcated discs
Ectoderm
Gap junction
Hemoglobin
35. The division between neighboring cardiac muscle cells. Intercalcated discs include gap junctions - which allow the cells to function as a unit.
Vein
Nondisjunction
Intercalcated discs
Hemoglobin
36. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Glycolipid
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Actin
Emission
37. A triat determined by a gen on either the X or Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes).
White matter
Pleura
Maternal inheritance
Sex- linked rait
38. A thick muscular tube that connects the epididymis of the testes to the urethra. Muscular contractions of the vas deferns during ejaculation ehp propel the sperm outward. Severing of the vas deferens (vasectomy) results in sterility of the male.
rRNA
Thrombus
Vas deferens
Secretory phase
39. A protein hormone secreted by sustenacular cells of the testes that acts to inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
Inhibin
Neurotransmitter
Aldosterone
A band
40. A form of evolution in which different organisms are placed into the same environment and exposed to teh same selection pressures. This causes the organisms to evolve along similar lines. As a result - they may share functional - but not structural s
Convergent evolution
Siding filament theory
Tendon
Universal acceptor
41. Specialized tissue with a lot of space that can fill with blood upon proper stimulation - causing teh tissue to become firm. Erectile tissue is found in the penis - the clitoris - the labia - and the nipples.
Lymphatic system
Erectile tissue
Ileum
Gene pool
42. An organism that relies on a chemical source of energy (such as ATP) instead of light (which phototrophs).
Gustatory receptors
Chemotroph
Natural selection
Poly- A tail
43. The white portion of teh tough outer layer of the eyeball
Plasma
Sclera
Thyroxine
Corona radiata
44. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
Oxaloacetate
Motor unit recruitment
Medulla
tRNA loading
45. The movement of a substance across a membane via pressure. In the kidney - filtration refers specifically to the movement of plasma across the capillary walls fo the glomerulus - into the capsule and tubule of the neprhon. Filtration at teh glomerulu
G- protein linked receptor
Filtration
Thymus
Bacilus
46. A general cell junction - used primarily for adhesion.
Spirochete
Cornea
Desmosome
Epididymis
47. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.
Submucosa
Microvilli
Interphase
Reflex arc
48. A microscopic space between the axon of one neuron and the cell body or dendrites of a secon neruon - or between the axon of a neuron and an organ.
Gastrin
Synaptic cleft
Erectile tissue
Autosome
49. One of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Endoderm ultimately forms internal structures - such as the inner lining of the GI tract and glandular organs.
Endoderm
Lymphocyte
T tubules
Myosin
50. The portion of the brain responsible for visual and auditory startle reflexes.
Thyroxine
Arousal
Erectile tissue
Midbrain
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