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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The unit of muscle contraction. Sarcomeres are bounded by Z lins - to which thin filaments attach. Thick filaments are found in the center of the sarcomere - overlapped by thin filaments over one another during contraction reduces the distance betwee
Cholesterol
Inhibin
Exon
Sarcomere
2. A steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle Progesterone maintains and enhances the uterine lining for the possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. It is the primary hormone secreted d
Inspiration
Diencephalon
Progesterone
Ligase
3. Movement that is directed by chemical gradients - such as nutrients or toxins. (seen in some bacteria)
Chemotaxis
Pacemaker potential
Law of Segregation
Splicing
4. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Lymphokine
Glucagon
Hydroxyapatite
T tubules
5. A group of sensory neuron cell bodies found just posterior to the spinal cord on either side. A pair of root ganglia exists for each spinal nerve that expands from the spinal cord. The ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Pleiotropic gene
Melanin
Urea
Dorsal root ganglion
6. A precursor cell that undergoes mitosis during fetal development to produce more oogonium. These cells are then activated to produce primary oocytes - which remain dormant until stimulated to undergo meiosis I during some future menstrual cycle.
Seminal vesicles
Oogonium
Summation
Parasite
7. The release of a secondary oocyte (along with some granulosa cells) from the ovary at the approximate midpoint of the menstrual cycle (typically around day 14). Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH.
Canaliculus
Lymphokine
Leukocyte
Ovulation
8. The bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
Peptide bond
Pinocytosis
Afferent neuron
Semiconservative replication
9. The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
Determination
Ventricle
Aqueous humor
Common bile duct
10. A poysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of insects.
Chitin
Binary fission
Amino Acid
Allosteric regulation
11. An ion channel that is constitutively open - allowing the movement of teh ion across the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient.
Signal transduction
Vitreous humor
Excitation - contraction coupling
Leak channel
12. An organism that has two copies of its genome it each cell. The paired genomes are said to be homologous.
Lag phase
Monocistronic mRNA
Diploid organism
Common bile duct
13. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Acinar cells
Vas deferens
Virus
Prokaryote
14. A globular protein that ssociated with tropomyosin as part of the thin filament of the sarcomere. Troponin binds Ca2+ - which causes the conformaiton change in tropomyosin required to expose the myosin - binding sites on actin and initiate muscle con
Linkage
Troponin
Nondisjunction
Proprioreceptor
15. The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. The capsule ollects the plasma that is filtered from teh capillaries in the glomerulus.
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16. The ends of a saromere.
Interleukin
Z lines
Pinocytosis
Lymph node
17. Aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA that are derived from purine. They have a double rightn structure and include adenine and guanine.
Intermediate filaments
Oxidation
Polar body
Purine bases
18. Microscopic outward folds of the cells lining the small intestine; microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.
Thymine
Origin of replication
Microvilli
Respiratory acidosis
19. All of the cell cycle except for mitosis. Interphase includes G1 - S phase - and G2.
Interphase
Organ of Corti
Glucagon
Catalase
20. A neuron that arries information (action potentials) to the central nervous system; a sensory neuron.
Summation
Afferent neuron
Oxidative phosphorylation
Leukocyte
21. (1) In the GI tract - organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal. These include the liver - the gallbladder - the pancreas - adn the salivary glands.
Myosin
Sudoriferous gland
Accessory organs
Leading strand
22. The phase of the cell cycle during which the genome is replicated.
Dynein
Macula densa
S phase
Natural selection
23. Strong contractions of the uterus (stimulated by oxytoncin) that force a baby out of the mother's baby during childbirth. Labor contractions are part of a positive feedback cycle - during which the baby's head stretches the cervix - which stimulates
Osteoclast
Amylase
Sympathic nervous system
Labor contractions
24. A point mutation in which a pyrimidine is susbstituted for a pyrimidine - or a purine is substituted for a purine.
Midbrain
Antigen presenting cell
Zygote
Transition mutation
25. A sensory receptor that responds to specific chemicals. Some examples are gustatory (taste) receptors - olfactory (smell) receptors - and central chemoreceptors (responds to pH changes in teh cerebrospinal fluid).
Thyroxine
Oogonium
Somatic nervous system
Chemoreceptor
26. A large - ring shaped lipid found in cell membranes. Cholesterol is the precursor for steroid hormones - and is used to manufacture bile salts.
Oxidation
Cholesterol
Thecal cells
Hemophilia
27. The period of human development beginning at 8 weeks of gestation and lasting until birth (38-42 weeks of gestation). During this stage the organs formed in the embryonic stage grow and mature. The developing baby is known as a fetus during this time
Fetal stage
Chemical synapse
Enterokinase
Tidal volume
28. A region within the nucleus where rRNA is transribed and ribosomes are partially assembled.
Bone marrow
Relative refractory period
Loop of Henle
Nucleolus
29. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.
Primary spermatocytes
Poycistronic mRNA
Centriole
Mullerian ducts
30. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Resolution
Telophase II
Autosome
Chemical synapse
31. The protective - connective tissue wrapping of the central nervous system (the dura mater - arachnoid mater - and pia mater).
Placenta
S phase
Elastin
Meninges
32. A type of syanpse in which the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing ions (and therefore an action potential) to spread easily from cell to cell - usually in smooth and cardiac muscle. - compared to chemical synapse.
Uracil
Melanin
hCG
Electrical synapse
33. The liquid portion of blood; plasma contains water - ions - buffers - sugars - proteins - etc. Anything that dissolves in blood dissolves in the plasma portion.
Topoisomerase
Fimbriae
Plasma
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
34. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
Zona pellucida
Euchromatin
Organ of Corti
RNA polymerase
35. The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller precursors - e.g. digesion of starch into glucose.
Endocytosis
Catabolism
Endoderm
Yolk sac
36. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Siding filament theory
Nucleolus
37. A prokaryotic enzyme used to twist teh single circular chromosome of prokaryotes upon itself to form supercois. Supercoiling helps to compact prokaryotic DNa and make it sturdier.
Cleavage
Gyrase
Sebaceous gland
Mitochondrion
38. Myelinated axons
Prostate
Parasympathetic nervous system
White matter
Orgasm
39. An irritation of a tissue caused by infection or injury. Inflammation is characterized by four cardinal symptoms; redness (rubor) - swelling (tumor) - heat (calor) - and pain (dolor).
Vasa recta
Operon
Inflammation
Mullerian ducts
40. A virus with an RNA genome (e.g. HIV) that undergoes a lysogenic life cycle in a host with a double stranded DNA genome. In order to integrate its genome with the host cell genome - the virus must first reverse trasncribe its RNA genome to DNA.
Proliferative phase
Optic disk
Tight junction
Retrovirus
41. Amino - acyl tRNA site; the site on a ribosome where a new amino acid is added to a growing peptide.
A site
Tonsils
Interneuron
Neuralation
42. A sweat gland located in the dermis of the skin. Sweat consists of water and ions (including Na+ and urea) and is secreted with temperatures rise.
Sudoriferous gland
Distal convoluted tubule
Tidal volume
Cardiac conduction system
43. A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration (it does not move - just stays there). Muscles that participate in endurance activities (inclu
Outer ear
Compact bone
Myoglobin
Hematocrit
44. A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that tarets the mammary glands stimulating them to produce breastmilk.
Myosin
Prolactin
Centromere
Chemotaxis
45. A lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid of an animal virus. the envelope is acquired as teh virus buds out through the plasma membrane of its host cell. Not all annimal viruses possess and envelope.
Envelope
Brush border enzymes
Estrogen
Medulla
46. The inner layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the circular muscle contracts - the tube diameter is reduced. Certain areas of the circular muscle are thickened to act as valves (sphincters).
Myofibril
Central canal
Carrier protein
Circular smooth muscles
47. A statistical rule stating that the probability of two independent events occuring together is the product of their individual probabilities.
Auxotroph
Nucleotide
Rule of multiplication
Fluid mosaic model
48. One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Nondisjunction
Vena cava
Adrenergic tone
Telencephalon
49. A type of lymphocyte that can recognize (bind to) an antigen adn secrete an antibody specific for that antigen. When activated by binding an antigen - B cells mature into plasma cells (that secreted antibody) and memory cells (that patrol the body fo
Euchromatin
B cell
EPSP
Hepatic portal vein
50. Transfer RNA; the type of RNA that carries an amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for incorporation into a growing protein.
Peripheral resistance
tRNA
Homologous structures
I band
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