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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A solid clump of cells resulting from cleavage in the early embryo. Because there is very little growth of these cells during cleavage - the morula is ony about as large as the original zygote.
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Anaphase II
Morula
Nodes of Ranvier
2. Proteins that bind to and stabilize the signle strands of DNA exposed when helicase unwinds the double helix in preparation for replication.
Neurotransmitter
Venous returns
Fascicle
Single strand binding proteins
3. The structure in the cochlea of the inner ear made up of the basilar membrane - the auditory hair cells - and the tectorial membrane. The Organ of Corti is the site where auditory sensation is detected and transduced to action potentials.
Oxaloacetate
Respiratory acidosis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Organ of Corti
4. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
Fimbriae
Nucleotide
Kinase
Hypophysis
5. An organism (such as a fungus) that feeds of dead plants and animals.
Saprophyte
Penetrance
Local autoregulation
Canaliculus
6. The opening to the uterus The ervix is typically plugged with a sticky acidic mucus during non - fertile times (to form a barrier against the entry of pathogens) - however during ovulation the mucus becomes more watery and alkaline to facilitate sper
Coronary vessels
Cervix
Enterogasterone
Intermediate filaments
7. Also known as the neurohyophysis - the posterior pituitary is made of nervous tisssue and stores and secretes two hormones made by the hypothlamus; oxtytocin and ADH. The posterior pituitary is controlled by action potentials from the hypothalamus.
Innate immunity
Phenotype
Hyperpolarization
Posterior pituitary gland
8. A stack of membranes found near the rough ER in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the secretory pathway. The Golgi is involved in protein glycosylation (and other protein modification) and sorting and packagin proteins.
Golgi apparatus
Pacemaker potential
Glucagon
Peripheral membrane protein
9. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Chorion
Fertilization
Guanine
I band
10. A bundle of skeletal muscle cells. Fascicles group together to form skeletal muscles.
Fascicle
Myofibril
T tubules
Trachea
11. A form of symbiosis in Which both organisms involved benefit from the association.
Osteocyte
Symporter
Poycistronic mRNA
Mutualism
12. A hair - like structure on teh cell surface composed of microtubules ina '9+2' arrangement (nine pairs of microtubles surrounding 2 single microtubules in the center). Teh microtubules are conneted with a contractile protien called dynein. Cilia beat
Cilia
Cervix
Respiratory acidosis
Disaccharide
13. Plasma with the clotting factors removed. Serum is often used in diagnostic tests because it does not clot.
Medium
Functional synctium
Serum
Expiration
14. Also called occluding junctions - tight junctions form a seal between cells that prevents the movement of substances across the cell layer - except by diffusion through the cell membranes themselves. Tight junctions are found between the epithelial c
Ectoderm
Tight junction
Okazaki fragments
Organogenesis
15. In skeleta and cardiac muscle tissue - a filament composed of actin - tropomyosin - and troponin. Thin filaments are attached to teh Z lines of the sarcomers and slide over thick filaments during muscle contraction.
Thin filament
Analogous structures
Pancreas
Divergent evolution
16. The movement of teh membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more positive direction.
Zona pellucida
Population
Menopause
Depolarization
17. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.
Myofibril
Anabolism
Cornea
Seminiferous tubules
18. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus
A band
Penetrance
Cell surface receptor
Central Nervous System
19. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Erectile tissue
Venous returns
Productive cycle
Bipolar neuron
20. The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction.
Interneuron
Hyperpolarization
Endocrine gland
Follicular phase
21. Also called immunoblobins - the antibodies are protiens secreted by B- cells upon activation that bind in a highly specific manner to foreign proteins (such as those found of the surface of pathogens or transplanted tissues). The foreign proteins are
Pancreas
Retina
Antibody (Ab)
Embryonic stage
22. The reactants in an enzyme - catalyzed reaction. Substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
Fast block to polyspermy
Lysozyme
Renal absorption
Substrate(s)
23. The cell body of a neuron.
Soma
Tympanic membrane
Substrate(s)
S phase
24. A non - bony material that fills the hollow spaces inside bones. Red bone marrow is found in regiosn of spongy bone and is the site of blood cell (red and white) production. Yellow bone marrow is found in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones - is most
Bone marrow
Telophase II
Phospholipid
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
25. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Placenta
Spleen
Vital capacity
Frameshift mutation
26. A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
Monosaccharide
Facultative anaerobe
Enteric nervous system
Respiratory acidosis
27. The duplication of DNA
Replication
Semilunar valves
Homologous chromosomes
Natural selection
28. A situation in which a heterozygot displays a blended version of the pheotypes associated with each allele - e.g. pure - breeding white - flowered plants crossed with pure - breeding red - flowered plants produces heterozygous offspring plants with p
Incomplete dominance
Tolerant anaerobe
Polyspermy
Telomere
29. Peptidyl - tRNA site; the stie on a ribosome where the growing peptide (attached to a tRNA) is found during translation.
Hypophysis
P site
Ribosome
Nonsense mutation
30. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.
Release factor
Yolk sac
Glomerulus
Disaccharide
31. DNA replication in prokaryotes - so named because as replication proceeds around the single - circular chromosome - it takes on the appearnce of the Greek letter theta.
Flagella
Pulmonary artery
Theta replication
Spermatogonium
32. A large - non - sepcific - phagocytic cell of the immune syste. Macrophages frequently leave the bloodstream to crawl around in the tissues and perform 'clean up' duties - such as ingesting dead cells or cellular debris at an injury site - or pathoge
Sarcolemma
Posterior pituitary gland
Signal sequence
Macrophage
33. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
Kinase
Platelets
Artery
Fibrinogen
34. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
Endometrium
Osmotic pressure
Renal tubule
Schwann cell
35. The division of the peripheral nervous system that innervates and controls the skeletal muscles; also known as the voluntary nervous system.
Polyspermy
Bile
Diastole
Somatic nervous system
36. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.
Internodal tract
Hemostasis
Accessory organs
Lymphatic system
37. A lubricating - nourishing fluid found in joint capsules.
Synovial fluid
Collecting duct
Alimentary canal
Vitamin
38. An **inorganic molecule that associates non - covalently with an enzyme and that is required for the proper functioning of the enzyme
rRNA
Cofactor
Leading strand
Diaphysis
39. The primary androgen (male sex steroid). Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes. It triggers the development of secondary male sex characteristics during puberty (including spermatogenesis) and
Testes
Serum
Skeletal muscle
Testosterone
40. An enzyme inhibitor that binds at a site other than the active sit of an enzyme (binds at an allosteric site). THis changes the three - dimensional shape of the enzyme such that it can no longer catalyze the reaction
Chemotroph
Auxotroph
Endospore
Noncompetitive inhibitor
41. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Rule of multiplication
Ovary
Oogonium
Ectoderm
42. A nucleoside with one or more phosphate gropus attached. Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are the building blocks of RNA and are also used as energy molecules - especially ATP. Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA; in t
Nucleotide
Nucleolus
Secretory phase
Chylomicron
43. The reduction of pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate in order to regenerate NAD+ from NADH. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen - and allow glycolysis to continue under those conditions.
Vagal tone
Fermentation
Retrovirus
Exclusion
44. A concentrated region of white blood cells found along the vessels of the lympatic system.
Ectoderm
Genome
Lymph node
Periplasmic space
45. The fourth (and final) phase of mitosis. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms - chromosomes decondense - and the mitotic spindle is disassembled.
Hydroxyapatite
Outer ear
Telophase
Dermis
46. The pressure in the (theoretical) space between the lung surface and the inner wall of the chest cavity.
Obligate anaerobe
Periperal nervous system
S phase
Pleural pressure
47. The first generation of offspring from a given genetic cross.
Lower esophageal sphincter
Anal sphincter
Cones
F1 generation
48. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Baroreceptor
Upsteam
Meiosis
Metaphase II
49. The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at teh AV node - allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract.
Golgi apparatus
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Nuclear pore
Divergent evolution
50. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Polyspermy
Cardiac conduction system
Large intestine
Collecting duct