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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell that produces bone.
Semiconservative replication
Embryonic stage
Norepinephrine
Osteoblast
2. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Genetic code
Inflammation
Mucosa
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
3. An activated B cell that is secreting antibody.
Symporter
Trophoblast
Alveoli
Plasma cell
4. The second step in viral infection - the injection of the viral genome into the host cell.
Cardiac conduction system
Pleural pressure
Penetration
Partial pressure
5. A concentrated region of white blood cells found along the vessels of the lympatic system.
Lymph node
Alimentary canal
Pleural pressure
Spermatid
6. The process by which neighboring cells can influence the determination (and subsequent differentiation) of a cell.
Induction
Brush border enzymes
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Lymphokine
7. The liquid portion of blood; plasma contains water - ions - buffers - sugars - proteins - etc. Anything that dissolves in blood dissolves in the plasma portion.
Atrioventricular valves
Plasma
Prolactin
H zone
8. An organism that requires the aid of a host organism to survive - and that harms the host in the process.
Parasite
Prosthetic group
Passive transport
Flagella
9. A long - whip - like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated - and sperm are flagellated.
Flagella
Ganglion
Sarcomere
Exocytosis
10. A function in the reproductive system - controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system - that includes erection (via dilation of erectile arteries) and lubrication.
Organ of Corti
Arousal
Smooth muscle
Purkinje fibers
11. The formatino of the nervous system during weeks 5-8 of gestation. Neuralation begins when a section of the ectoderm invaginates and pinches off to form the neural groove - which ultimately forms the neural tube - From which the brain and spinal cord
Organogenesis
Neuralation
Lipoprotein
Acetyl - CoA
12. Also called DNA pol - this is the enzyme that replicates DNA. Eukaryotes have a single version of the enzyme - simply called DNA pol (not need to know much detail); prokaryotes have three versions - called DNA pol I - DNA pol II - and DNA pol III.
Duodenum
DNA polymerase
Totipotent
Gray matter
13. The percentage of wholeblood made up of erythrocytes The typical hematocrit value is between 40-45%.
Interphase
Hematocrit
Ciliary muscles
Parasite
14. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P
Single strand binding proteins
Mullerian ducts
Synapse
Prophase I
15. The duplication of DNA
Primary spermatocytes
Microvilli
Medulla oblongata
Replication
16. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
Exocytosis
Cofactor
Proteins
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
17. A person with blood type O-. Because this person's red blood cells possess none of the typical blood suface proteins - they cannot initiate an immune reaction in a recipient.
Anticodon
Universal donor
Exotoxin
Islets of Langerhans
18. The portion of the placenta derived from the zygote.
Chorion
Temporal summation
Large intestine
Gene pool
19. A mechanism for increasing tension (contractile length) in a muscle by activating more motor units.
Luteal phase
Spermatogenesis
Gene
Motor unit recruitment
20. Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram - negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram - positive bacteria.
Heterochromatin
Hair cells
Gram - negative bacteria
Differentiation
21. The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g. - the somach - intestines - bladder - etc.) or a tube (e.g. - blood vessels - ureters - etc.)
Mucosa
Hardy- Weinberg law
Luteal phase
Lumen
22. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.
Replication
Gene pool
Central chemoreceptors
Ciliary muscles
23. An organism (such as a fungus) that feeds of dead plants and animals.
Active transport
Saprophyte
Ligand
Peptidoglycan
24. The muscular femal organ - in which a baby develops during pregnancy.
Uterus
Bronchioles
Splicing
Recombination frequency
25. The main protease secreted by the pancreas; trypsin is activated (from trypsinogen) by enterokinase - and subsequently activates other pancreatic enzymes.
Trypsin
Interstitial cell
Binary fission
Potassium leak channel
26. An electrical potential established across the plasma membrane of all cells by the Na+/K+ ATPase and the K+ leak channels. In most cells - the resting membrane potential is approximately -70 mV with respect to the outside of the cell.
Bone marrow
T cell
Resting membrane potential
Hypothalamus
27. A structure made of two protein subunits and rRNA; this is the site of protein synthessis (translation) in a cell. Prokaryotic ribosomes (also known as 70S ribosomes) are smaller than eukaryotic ribosome (80S ribosomes). The S value refers to the sed
ATP synthase
Cervix
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Ribosome
28. The 3D site of an enzyme where substrates (reactants) bind and a chemical reaction is facilitated.
Vitreous humor
Telophase II
Exocytosis
Active site
29. The non - specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.
End plate potential
Pinocytosis
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Lower esophageal sphincter
30. The valve that controls the release of feces from the recturm. It has an internal part made of smooth muscle (thus involuntary) and an external part made of skeletal muscle (thus voluntary).
Anal sphincter
Telophase
Corpus callosum
Length - tension relationship
31. A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the thyroid gland - stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormone.
Oxytocin
Systemic circulation
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Systole
32. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Pancreas
Metaphase II
Ureters
Cecum
33. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Growth hormone
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Prokaryote
Morula
34. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.
Loose connective tissue
Gene
Coenzyme
Spongy bone
35. The step in the sliding filament theory during which yosin undergoes a conformaitonal change to its low energy state - in the process dragging the thin filaments (and the attached Z lines) toward the center fo the sarcomere. NOte that power stroke re
Uterus
Vitamin
Anterioir pituitary gland
Power stroke
36. One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine.
Guanine
Smooth muscle
Heterotroph
Embryonic stage
37. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
Tetanus
Platelets
F (fertility) factor
Ossicles
38. Specialized tissue with a lot of space that can fill with blood upon proper stimulation - causing teh tissue to become firm. Erectile tissue is found in the penis - the clitoris - the labia - and the nipples.
Erectile tissue
Growth hormone
Pancreas
Neuromuscular junction
39. Aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA that are derived from purine. They have a double rightn structure and include adenine and guanine.
Amylase
Purine bases
Bulbourethral galnds
Pulmonary circulation
40. A form of symbiosis in Which both organisms involved benefit from the association.
Hemostasis
Simple diffsuion
Mutualism
Cooperativity
41. In the autonomic divison of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the CNS - and whose axon extends into the PNS to synapse with a second neuron at an autonoic ganglion. (The second neuron's axon synapses with the target axon)
Multipolar neuron
Lawn
Preganglionic neuron
Growth hormone
42. A thin (4 mm) layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is the conscious mind - and is functionally divided into four pairs of lobes: the frontal lobes - the parietal lobes - the temporal lobes - and the occ
Point mutation
tRNA loading
Cerebral cortex
Frameshift mutation
43. Ribosomal RNA; the type of RNA that associates with ribosomal proteins to make a functional ribosome. It is thought that the rRNA has the peptidyl transferase activity.
Menstruation
Thymine
Antagonist
rRNA
44. MRNA that codes forsingle type of protein - such as is found in eukaryotic cells.
Origin of replication
Monocistronic mRNA
Ejection fraction
Fluid mosaic model
45. Oil - forming glands found all over the body - especially on the face and neck. The product (sebum) is released to the skin surface through hair follicles.
Sebaceous gland
Fimbriae
Atrioventricular bundle (AV) bundle
Carrier protein
46. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Primary active transport
Cytosine
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Chylomicron
47. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Lacteals
Spongy bone
Ceruminous gland
Binary fission
48. A peptide hormone produced and secreted by the Beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin targets cells in the body - especially the liver and muscle - and allows them to take glucose out of gthe blood (thus lowering blood glucose levels).
Insulin
Inflammation
Hardy- Weinberg law
Krebs cycle
49. A tRNA with an amino acid attached. This is made by an animoacyl - tRNA synthetase specific to the amino acid being attache.d
Outer ear
Enterokinase
Urea
Aminoacyl tRNA
50. A dense grwoth of bacteria that covers the surface of a petri dish.
Flagella
Voltage - gated ion channel
Lawn
Facultative anaerobe