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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Peristalsis
Longitudinal muscle
Facilitated diffusion
Urethra
2. The tube that connects the middle ear acity with the pharynx; also known as the Eustachian tube. Its fucntion is to equalize midle ear pressure with atmospheric pressure so that pressure on boths sides of the tympanic membrane is the same.
Ligand - gated ion channel
Excitation - contraction coupling
Coronary vessels
Auditory tube
3. The function unit of the kidney. Each kidney has about a million nehprons; this is where blood filtration and subsequent modification of the filtrate occurs. The nephron empties into collecting ducts - which empty into the ureter.
Nephron
Glucagon
Capacitation
Operator
4. The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell. At the NMJ - the muscle cel lmembrane is invaginated and the axon terminus is elongated so that a greater area of membrane can be depolarized at one time.
Productive cycle
Carrier protein
Hypophysis
Neuromuscular junction
5. In the autonomic divison of the PNS - a neuron that has its cell body located in the CNS - and whose axon extends into the PNS to synapse with a second neuron at an autonoic ganglion. (The second neuron's axon synapses with the target axon)
Preganglionic neuron
Vagal tone
Photoreceptor
Afferent neuron
6. A hair - like structure on teh cell surface composed of microtubules ina '9+2' arrangement (nine pairs of microtubles surrounding 2 single microtubules in the center). Teh microtubules are conneted with a contractile protien called dynein. Cilia beat
Central canal
Pulmonary vein
Afferent neuron
Cilia
7. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
Telophase II
Collagen
Lytic cycle
Phenotype
8. The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient - since where solutes are concentrated - water i
Anterioir pituitary gland
Nephron
Osmosis
Operator
9. Chemoreceptors on the tongue that respond to chemicals in a food.
Gustatory receptors
Connective tissue
Hemizygous gene
Dermis
10. Anterior pituitary gland
Adenohypophis
Secondary oocyte
Dynein
Binary fission
11. The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the events in the uterus. The endometrial cycle is also known as the uterine cycle - and has the three subphases: menstruation - the proliferative phase - and the secretory phase.
Endometrial cycle
Exocrine gland
Cortex
Ligand - gated ion channel
12. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Norepinephrine
Ceruminous gland
Postganglionic neuron
Formed elements
13. The ball of capillaries at the beginning of the nephron where blood filtration takes place.
Fimbriae
Spongy bone
Glomerulus
Carrier protein
14. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.
Telophase II
rRNA
Disaccharide
Vas deferens
15. A protein that is associated with the plasma membrane of a cell - but that is not embedded in the lipid bilayer. Peripheral proteins typically associate with embedded proteins through hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions.
Universal acceptor
Fascicle
Synapse
Peripheral membrane protein
16. The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This could ocur during anaphase I of meiosis (homologous chromosomes) [--> leaving 2 gametes w/ 2 copies and 2 gametes w/ no copies of chromosome] -
Osteocyte
Amylase
Homozygous
Nondisjunction
17. The specialization of cell types - especially during the embryonic and fetal development.
Repolarization
Differentiation
Efferent neuron
Plaque
18. The formatino of the nervous system during weeks 5-8 of gestation. Neuralation begins when a section of the ectoderm invaginates and pinches off to form the neural groove - which ultimately forms the neural tube - From which the brain and spinal cord
Neuralation
Androgens
hick filament
Follicular phase
19. A phagocytic - like bone cell that breaks down bone matrix to release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream.
Ejection fraction
Atrium
Osteoclast
Competitive inhibitor
20. The division of the periperal nervsous system that innervates and cotnrols the visceral organs (everything but the skeletal muscles). It is also knowns as the involuntary nervous system and an be subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic di
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Anaphase II
Partial pressure
Intermediate filaments
21. An abdominal organ that is considered part of the immune system. THe spleen has four functions: (1) it filters antigen from the blood (2) it is the site of B cell maturation - (3) it stors blood - and (4) it destroys old red blood cells.
Corpus callosum
Clathrin
Spleen
Peripheral membrane protein
22. A protein hormone secreted by sustenacular cells of the testes that acts to inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
Inhibin
Gustatory receptors
Lacteals
Pore
23. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.
Midbrain
Convergent evolution
Ciliary muscles
Axon
24. (1) The integration of input (EPSPs and IPSPs) from many presynaptic neruons by a single postsynaptic neuron - either temporaly or spatially. Summation of al input can either stimulate the postsynaptic neuron and possibly lead to an action potential
Signal sequence
Placental villi
Summation
Recombination frequency
25. Paired masses of lymphatic tissue near the back of the throat that help trap inhaled or swallowed pathogens.
Transmembrane domain
Chromosome
Tonsils
Acrosome
26. A carrier protein that transports a single molecule across the plasma membrane.
Zymogen
Uniporter
Basement membrane
Binary fission
27. A localized change in a neruon's or musce cell's membrane potential that can propogate itself away from its point of origin. Action potentials are an all - or - none process mediated by the opening of voltage - gated Na+ and K+ channels when the memb
Adipocyte
Prophase II
Action potential
Progesterone
28. An alkaline - fructose - rich fluid produced by three different glands in the male reproductive tract and released during ejaculation. Semen is very nourishing for sperm.
Gustatory receptors
Clathrin
Reduction
Semen
29. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Ciliary muscles
ATP synthase
Thin filament
Venous returns
30. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.
Oxidation
Nephron
Trophoblast
S phase
31. A looser - more porous type of bone tissue found at the inner core of the epiphyses in long bones and all other bone types. Spongy gone is filed with red bone marrow - important in blood cell formation.
Dominant
Urea
Spongy bone
Stomach
32. A structure composed of a ring of nine microtube triplets - found in pairs in the MTOC (microtubule organizing center) of a cell. The centrioles duplicate during the cell division - and serve as the organizing center for the mitotic spindle.
Centriole
Menstruation
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Pancreatic duct
33. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P
Prosthetic group
Prophase I
Platelets
Facultative anaerobe
34. The non - specific uptake of liquid particles into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and subsequent 'pinching off' a small bit of the extracellular fluid.
F1 generation
Pinocytosis
Stop codon
Macrophage
35. The process by which neighboring cells can influence the determination (and subsequent differentiation) of a cell.
Pleural pressure
Induction
Auditory tube
Inhibin
36. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).
Photoreceptor
Cortex
Total lung capacity
Natural selection
37. The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a continuous fasion; the daughter strand that is replicated in thes aem direction that parental DNA is unwinding.
Leading strand
Proteins
Follicular phase
Meninges
38. A large - mature - ovarian follicel with a well - developed antrum and a secondary oocyte. Ovulation of the oocyte occurs from this type of follicle.
Penetrance
Supercoiling
Graafian follicle
A site
39. An organism that lacks a nucleus or any other memrane - bound organelles. All prokaytes belong to the Kingdom Monera (not protista!)
Seondary active transport
Gallbladder
Prokaryote
Acetylcholine (Ach)
40. An X- linked recessive disorder in Which blood fails to clot properly - leading to excessive bleeding if injured.
Gonadotropins
Gustatory receptors
Hemophilia
Small intestine
41. Physical structures in two different organism that have funcitonal similarity due to their evoluntion in a common environment - but have different underlying structure. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution.
Transversion mutation
Bone marrow
Analogous structures
Uracil
42. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Adrenergic tone
Repressor
Efferent arteriole
Prophase II
43. A subphase of male orgasm - a reflex reaction triggered by the presence of semen in the urethra. Ejaculation is a series of rhythmic contractions of muscles near teh base of teh penis that increase pressure in the urethra - forcing the semen out.
Obligate anaerobe
Microvilli
Ejaculation
Cochlea
44. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Cervix
Fibroblast
Resolution
Yolk sac
45. The female primary sex organ. The ovary produces female gametes (ova) and secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Virus
Vagal tone
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ovary
46. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Anaphase
Thyroxine
Primary active transport
Sinoatrial (SA) node
47. A large system of folded membranes within a eukaryotic cell that has ribosomes bound to it - giving a rough appearnce. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will ultimately be secreted from the cell - incorporated into the plasma membrane - or tra
Universal donor
Spermatogonium
Flagella
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
48. The movement of a substance from the filtrate (in the renal tuble) bak into the bloodstream. Reabsorption reduces the amount of a substance in the urine.
Upsteam
Promoter
Renal absorption
Appendix
49. Also called vasopressin - this hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by teh posterior pituitary gland. It tartes teh kidney tubules - increasing their permeability to water - adn thus increasing water retention by the body. Also raises
Helicase
Complement system
G- protein linked receptor
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
50. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
Translation
Vitreous humor
F (fertility) factor
hCG