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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of several different nutrietns that must be consumed in the diet - and generally not synthesized in the body. Vitamins can be hdyrophobic (fat - solube) or hydrophilic (water - soluble).
Vitamin
Lacunae
Mechanoreceptors
Bohr effect
2. One of the contractie proteins in muscle tissue. In skeletal and cardiac muscles - myosin forms the thick filaments. Myosin has intrinsic ATPase activity and can exist in two conformation - either high energy or low energy.
Microvilli
Signal transduction
Myosin
Canaliculus
3. The movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradients. Active transport requires input of cellular energy - often in the form of ATP. An example is the Na+/K+ ATPase in the plasma membrane of all cells.
Tight junction
Cooperativity
Active transport
Dominant
4. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Retina
Thymus
Carbonic anhydrase
End plate potential
5. The membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear.
Pyruvic acid
Sex- linked rait
Oval window
P site
6. The second phase of meiosis I. During metaphase I the paired homologous chromsomes (tetrads) align at the center of the cell (the metaphase plate).
Mitochondrion
Vas deferens
Anaphase
Metaphase I
7. A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart chambers. Veins do not have muscular walls - have valves to ensure that blood flows in one direction only - and are typically low - pressure vessels.
Metaphase
hnRNA
Secondary spermatocytes
Vein
8. A genetic cross between an organism displaying a recessive phenotype (homozygous recessive) and an organism displaying a dominant phenotype (for whic the genotype is unknown) - done to determine the unknown genotype.
Semilunar valves
Glycolipid
Primary bronchi
Testcross
9. The largest of the cytoplasmic filaments. Microtubules are composed of two types of protein - alpha tubulin and beta tubulin. They are dynamic fibers - constantly being built up and broken down - according to cellular needs. Microtubules form the mit
Microtubule
Residual volume
Periplasmic space
Gray matter
10. Unmyelinated neuron cell bodies and short unmyelinated axons.
Tetanus
Implantation
Gray matter
Ganglion
11. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal forced exhalation - typically about 1200 mL.
Nuclear envelope
Residual volume
Atrium
Choroid
12. The period of time during which the ventricles of the heart are contracted.
Systole
Catabolism
Pacemaker potential
H zone
13. Globular protein that assist in DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Histones form octamers around which DNA is wound to form a nucleosome.
Vena cava
Villi
Histones
Ventricle
14. The 'blind spot' of the eye - this is where the axons of the ganglion cells exist the retinal to form the optic nerve. There are no photoreceptors in the optic disk.
Optic disk
Nucleoside
Heterochromatin
Edema
15. A neuron with a single axon and a single dendrite - often projecting from opposite sides of the cell body. Bipolar neurons are typically associated with sensory organs; an example is the bipolar neuron in the retina of the eye. - note that one axon m
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Bipolar neuron
Lytic cycle
Chief cells
16. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
A band
Ureters
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Obligate aerobe
17. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Mullerian ducts
Anaphase
Lipoprotein
Conjugation
18. An enzyme that cuts one or both strands of DNa to relieve the excess tension caused by the unwinding of the helix by helicase during replication.
Dominant
Divergent evolution
Central Nervous System
Topoisomerase
19. One of the four aromatic bases found in RNA. Uracil is pyrimidine; it pairs with adnenine.
Luteal phase
Sudoriferous gland
Uracil
Epithelial tissue
20. A person with blood type AB+. Because this person's red blood cells possess all of the typical blood surface proteins - they will not display an immune reaction if transfused with any of the other blood types.
Universal acceptor
Uterus
Systolic pressure
Syncytium
21. A contact point between the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is involved in regulating blood pressure.
Retrovirus
Nonsense mutation
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Maternal inheritance
22. A mechanism by which the stroke volume of the heart is increased by increasing the venous return of the heart (thus stretching the ventricular muscle).
Frank Starling mechanism
Residual volume
Ion channel
Phospholipid
23. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Neuralation
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
hick filament
Bacilus
24. A type of syanpse in which the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing ions (and therefore an action potential) to spread easily from cell to cell - usually in smooth and cardiac muscle. - compared to chemical synapse.
Gram - negative bacteria
Carbohydrates
Nucleolus
Electrical synapse
25. The nerve extending from the back of teh eyeball to teh brain that carries visual information. The ptic nerve is made up of the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.
A site
Fertilization
Competitive inhibitor
Optic nerve
26. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Gap phase
Venous returns
Chitin
Nucleosome
27. Movement that is directed by chemical gradients - such as nutrients or toxins. (seen in some bacteria)
Absolute refractory period
Diencephalon
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Chemotaxis
28. A non - bony material that fills the hollow spaces inside bones. Red bone marrow is found in regiosn of spongy bone and is the site of blood cell (red and white) production. Yellow bone marrow is found in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones - is most
Bone marrow
Pilus
Loop of Henle
Semilunar valves
29. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Autoimmune reaction
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Relication fork(s)
Filtration
30. A blood protein produced by the liver. Albumin helps to mantain blood osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
Central canal
Albumin
cDNA
Spermatogonium
31. The 'language' of a molecular biology that specifies which amino acid corresponds to which three - nucleotide group (codon).
Urethra
Genetic code
Endospore
Tetanus
32. A function the reproductive system (conrolled by the sympathetic nervous system) that returns the body to its normal resting state after sexual arousal and orgasm.
Fluid mosaic model
Ptyalin
Epiphysis
Resolution
33. The volume of blood pumped out the heart in a single contraction.
Stroke volume
Secretion
Renal tubule
Vestibular glands
34. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.
Sphincter of Oddi
Posterior pituitary gland
Secretin
Second Law of Thermodynamics
35. The prokaryotic ribosome - binding site on mRNA - found 10 nucleotides 5' to the start codon.
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
Growth hormone
Cooperativity
Pupil
36. The cerebral hemispheres.
Secretin
Sphincter of Oddi
Activation energy (Ea)
Telencephalon
37. The first portion of the nephron tubuel after the glomerulus. THe PCT is the site of most reabsorption; all filtered nutrients are reabsorbed here as well as most of the filtered water.
Active transport
Phospholipid
Proximal convoluted tubuel
Exocytosis
38. A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction.
Zygote
Choroid
Hfr bacterium
Point mutation
39. Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that respond to dim light and provide us with black and white vision.
Total lung capacity
Norepinephrine
Jejunum
Rods
40. The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. This could ocur during anaphase I of meiosis (homologous chromosomes) [--> leaving 2 gametes w/ 2 copies and 2 gametes w/ no copies of chromosome] -
Prokaryote
End plate potential
Nondisjunction
ATP synthase
41. An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the DNA strands in preparation for DNA replication.
Anaphase II
Bile
Appendix
Helicase
42. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.
Pyloric sphincter
Pilus
F1 generation
Hypodermis
43. The first branches of the trachea. There are two primary bronchi - one for each lung.
Primary bronchi
Codominance
Cerebrospinal fluid
Nuclear localization sequence
44. A protein complex foudn in the inner membrane of the mitochondira. It is essentially a channel that llows H+ ions to flow from teh intermembrane space to the matrix (down teh gradeint produced by the enyzmes complexes of the electron transport chain)
Coenzyme
Pharynx
Dominant
ATP synthase
45. (1) The secretion of useful substances from a cell - either into the blood (endocrine secretin) or into a cavity or onto the body surface (exocrine secretion). (2) in the nephron - the movement of substances from the blood to the filtrate along the t
Sertolli cells
Osmotic pressure
Secretion
Sclera
46. The principal glucocorticoid secreted from teh adrenal cortex. This steroid hormone is released ruing stress - causing increased blood glucose levels and reducing inflammation. The latter effect has led to a clinical use of cortisol as an anti - infl
Cortisol
Umbilical cord
Cones
Ectoderm
47. A highly specific cellular uptake mechanism. The molecule to be taken up must bind to cell surface receptor found in a clathrin - coated pit.
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Carbohydrates
Oncotic pressure
Gametogenesis
48. The muscuar layer of the uterus. The myometrium is made of smooth muscles that retains its ability to divide in order to accomodate the massive size increases that occur during pregnancy. The myometrium is stimulated to contract during labor by the h
Myometrium
Pepsin
Microtubule
Hematocrit
49. A neuron - to - neuron - neuron - to - organ - or muscle to cell - to - muscle cell junction.
Universal acceptor
Systolic pressure
Synapse
Acetyl - CoA
50. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Retinal
Hematocrit
Collecting duct
Secondary oocyte