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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A strong band of connective tissue that connets bones to one another.
Neuromuscular junction
Amino acid acceptor site
Ligament
Tetanus
2. A neuron found completely within the central nervous system. Interneous typically connect sensory and motor neurons - especially in reflex arcs.
Hexokinase
Thecal cells
Antagonist
Interneuron
3. A mass of lymphatic tissue at the befenning of the large intestine that helps trap ingested pathogens.
Catalase
Appendix
Peripheral chemoreceptors
F (fertility) factor
4. The first branches of the trachea. There are two primary bronchi - one for each lung.
Artery
Primary bronchi
Ganglion
Medulla
5. An enzyme inhibitor that competes with substrate for binding at the active site of teh enzyme. When the inhibitor is bound - no product can be made.
Retinal
Gram - positive bacteria
Central canal
Competitive inhibitor
6. A group of three nucleotides taht is specific for a particular amino acid - or that specifies 'stop translating'
Ventricle
Codon
Nuclear localization sequence
Schwann cell
7. Major Histocompatability complex - a set of proteins found on the plasma membranes of cells that help display antigen to T cells. MHC I is found on all cells and displays bits of proteins from within the cell; this allows T cells to monitor cell cont
DNA polymerase
Heterochromatin
MHC
Capacitation
8. The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.
Villi
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Induction
Myelin
9. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Sclera
Acinar cells
Antigen (Ag)
Euchromatin
10. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal forced exhalation - typically about 1200 mL.
Peptidoglycan
Residual volume
Nucleoside
Cross bridge
11. Having the ability to become anything; a zygote is totipotent.
Totipotent
Linker DNA
Renin
Cardiac muscle
12. The depolarization of the egg plasma membrane upon fertilization - designed to prevent the entry of more than one sperm into the egg.
Submucosa
Relative refractory period
Fast block to polyspermy
Urinary sphincter
13. A virus that infects a bacterium.
Bacteriophage
Macula densa
Mechanoreceptors
Pulmonary artery
14. A nonliving - intracellular parasite. Viruses are typically just pieces of nucleic aid surrounded by a protein coat.
Jejunum
Pyruvic acid
Coccus
Virus
15. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
Lower esophageal sphincter
Pore
Guanine
Dense connective tissue
16. A digestive accessory organ near the liver. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver - and is stimulated to contrat by cholecystokin (CCK).
Hemophilia
Enzyme
Prostate
Gallbladder
17. A hormone released by the anterior pituitary that targets all cells in the body. Growth hormone stimulates whole body growth in children and adolescents - adn increases cell turnover rate in adults.
Growth hormone
Rectum
Chondrocyte
Synapse
18. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Epitope
Metaphase I
Tropomyosin
19. A viral enzyme that makes a strand of RNA by reading a strand of RNa . All prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNa polymerases are DNa dependent; they make a strand of RNa by reading a strand of DNA.
Cortisol
Activation energy (Ea)
Gray matter
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
20. The layer of epithelial tissue that lines body cavities in contact with the outside environment (respiratory - digestive - urinary - and reproductive tracts).
Zona pellucida
Exclusion
Medium
Mucosa
21. A region within the nucleus where rRNA is transribed and ribosomes are partially assembled.
EPSP
Nucleolus
Nondisjunction
Motor end plate
22. A set of vessels in the body that runs alongside the vessels of the circulatory system. It is a one - way system - with lymphatic capillaries beginning at the tissues and ultimately emptying into the large veins near the heart. It serves to return ex
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Lymphatic system
Feedback inhibition
Retinal
23. The primary male sex organ. The testes are suspended outside the body cavity in the scrotum and have two functions (1) produce sperm - and (2) secrete testosterone.
Interleukin
Testes
Bicarbonate
Fast block to polyspermy
24. The cerebral hemispheres.
urfactant
Telencephalon
FSH
hnRNA
25. The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the events in the uterus. The endometrial cycle is also known as the uterine cycle - and has the three subphases: menstruation - the proliferative phase - and the secretory phase.
Cardiac conduction system
Aminion
Endometrial cycle
Dendrite
26. A dense - hard type of bone constructed from osteons (at the microscopic level). Compact bone forms the diaphysis of the the long bones - and the outer shell of the epiphyses and all other bones.
Gonadotropins
Prophase I
Epitope
Compact bone
27. The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Electron transport chain
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Auditory tube
Bulbourethral galnds
28. The region at the center of an A band of a sarcomere that is made up of myosin only. The H zone gets shorter (and may disappear) during muscle contraction.
Portal systems
H zone
Coronary vessels
Central canal
29. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Thin filament
Zymogen
Proprioreceptor
Attachment
30. A hormone derived from cholesterol. Steroids are generally hydrophobic and can easily cross the plasma membrane of cells - thus receptors for steroids are found intracellularly. Once this steroid binds to its receptor - the receptor - steroid complex
Dermis
Aqueous humor
Steroid hormone
Log phase
31. A eukaryotic organelle filled with digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) that is involved in digestion of macromolecules such as worng organelles or material ingested by phagocytosis.
Length - tension relationship
Mitochondrion
Recessive
Lysosome
32. Specif ic defense of the body by antibodies - secreted into the blood by B- cells.
Myelin
Humoral immunity
Amylase
Pulmonary circulation
33. The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute (vol/min); the product of the stroke volume (vol/beat) and the heart rate (beat/min). Cardiac output is directly proportional to blood pressure**.
Vagus nerves
Tolerant anaerobe
Cardiac output
Power stroke
34. The amount of blood returned to heart by the vena cavae.
Epiphysis
Venous returns
Sister chromatid
Temporal summation
35. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Venous returns
Synaptic cleft
Carbohydrates
Nuclear pore
36. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
Homologous chromosomes
Serum
Juxtaglomerular cells.
Coccus
37. An organism that can only survive in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic metabolism); oxygen is toxic to obligate anaerobes.
Cervix
Signal transduction
Neuralation
Obligate anaerobe
38. The final phase of the digestive tract - also called the colon. The primary funcion of the large intestine is to reabsorb water and to store the feces.
Secretory phase
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Large intestine
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
39. An organism that has two copies of its genome it each cell. The paired genomes are said to be homologous.
Sudoriferous gland
Motor unit
Chromosome
Diploid organism
40. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
Relative refractory period
Oxaloacetate
Cytosine
Flagella
41. A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose - sucrose - and lactose.
Disaccharide
Motor end plate
Smooth muscle
End plate potential
42. A receptor that responds to light
Virus
mRNA
yngergist
Photoreceptor
43. A prokaryotic enzyme used to twist teh single circular chromosome of prokaryotes upon itself to form supercois. Supercoiling helps to compact prokaryotic DNa and make it sturdier.
Sertolli cells
Gyrase
Inducible enzymes
Functional synctium
44. The primary female sex hormone. Estrogen stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty - maintains those characteristics during adulthood - stimulates the development of a new uterine lining after menstruation - an
Cerebellum
Mesoderm
Estrogen
Saprophyte
45. A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane - bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi - plants and animals).
Interleukin
Eukaryotic
Lower esophageal sphincter
Aorta
46. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.
Uterus
Growth hormone
Sarcolemma
Peptide hormone
47. A membrane lipid consisting of a glycerol molecule esteried to two fatty acid chains and a sugar molecule.
Fascicle
Cortex
Glycolipid
Symporter
48. A large multinucleate cell - typically formed by the fusion of many smaller cells during development (e.g. a skeletal muscle cell) - or formed by nuclear division in the absence of cellular division.
Common bile duct
Syncytium
Tropic hormone
Tetanus
49. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Induction
rRNA
Urethra
Autoimmune reaction
50. The neurotransmitter used throughout the parasympathetic nervous system as well as the neuromuscular junction.
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Excretion
Peripheral chemoreceptors
5' cap