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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High frequency of recombination bacterium An F+ bacterium that has the fertility factor integrated into its chromosome. When conjugation takes place - it is able to transfer not only the F factor - but also its genomic DNA.
Hfr bacterium
Tolerant anaerobe
Gibbs free energy
Codominance
2. A hair - like structure on teh cell surface composed of microtubules ina '9+2' arrangement (nine pairs of microtubles surrounding 2 single microtubules in the center). Teh microtubules are conneted with a contractile protien called dynein. Cilia beat
Histones
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Cilia
Potassium leak channel
3. A rapid from of action potential conduction along the axon of a neuron in which the action potential appears to jump from nodde of Ranvier to node of Ranvier.
Epiphyseal plate
Saltatory conduction
Allosteric regulation
Partial pressure
4. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Bronchioles
Primary active transport
5. A projection of the cell body of a neuron that recieves a nerve impulse form a different neuron and send the impulse to the cell body. Neurons can have one or several dendrites!
Dendrite
Dominant
Steroid hormone
Obligate aerobe
6. An enzyme that transcribes RNa. Prokaryotes have a single RNA pol - while eukaryotes have three; in eukaryotes - RNA pol I transcribes rRNA - RNA pol II transcribes mRNA - and RNA pol III transcribes tRNA.
Primary active transport
Reverse transcriptase
RNA polymerase
Telophase II
7. The hollow center of an osteon - also known as a Haversian canal. The central canal contains blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic vessels - and nerves. Bone is laid down around the central canal in concentric rings called lamellae.
Central canal
Parietal cells
Frank Starling mechanism
Secretin
8. Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
White matter
Telomere
A band
Respiratory alkalosis
9. A region at the head of a sperm cell that contains digestive enzyems which - when released during the acrosome reaction - can facilitate penetration of the corona radiata of the egg - and subsequently - fertilization
Prosthetic group
Gyrase
Acrosome
Canaliculus
10. The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent unicellular organsims living in symbiosis with larger cells
Menopause
Guanine
Endosymbitoic theory
Capilary
11. Chemoreceptors in the upper nasal cavity that respond to odo chemicals.
Olfactory receptors
Bronchioles
Topoisomerase
Macula densa
12. The attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA (not that this a specific interaction). tRNa loading requires two high - energy phosphate bonds.
Lymphocyte
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
tRNA loading
Testcross
13. A period of time following an action potential during which no additional action potential can be evoked regardless of the level of stimulation. (usually because Na+ channel closed whle K+ efflux)
Absolute refractory period
Loop of Henle
Preganglionic neuron
Intercalcated discs
14. A haploid but immature cell resulting from the second meiotic division f spermatogenesis. Spermatids undergo significant physical changes to become mature sperm (spermatozoa).
Spermatid
Iris
Graafian follicle
Portal systems
15. The mechanism described by Charles Darwin that drives evolution. Through mutation - some organisms possess genes that make them better adapted to their environment. These organisms survive and reproduce more than those that do not possess the benefic
Testcross
Genome
Natural selection
Tendon
16. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp
Distal convoluted tubule
H zone
Sebaceous gland
Bohr effect
17. Identical copies of a chromosome - produced during DNA replication and held together at the centromere Sister chromatids are separated during anaphase of mitosis.
Menstruation
Sister chromatid
Rule of addition
Thin filament
18. An incrase in the fragility of the membranes of sperm cells when exposed to the female reproductive tract. Capacitation is required sot aht the acrosomal enzymes can be relased to faciliate fertilization.
Lysozyme
Lumen
Capacitation
Angiotensin
19. An organism (such as a fungus) that feeds of dead plants and animals.
Osmosis
Universal donor
Chemotaxis
Saprophyte
20. A band of carilage (hyaline) found between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones during childhood and adolescence. Cell proliferation in the middle of the eiphyseal plate essentially forces teh diaphysis and epiphyses further apart - while the ol
Catabolism
Polyspermy
Epiphyseal plate
Edema
21. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Cell surface receptor
Urethra
Start site
Liver
22. The transfre by a lysogenic virus of a portion of a host cell genome to a new host.
Corona radiata
Telomere
Transduction
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
23. An organ that develops during pregnacy - derived in part from the mother and in part from the zygote. The placenta is the site of exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother's blood and the fetus' blood. The placenta is formed during the first
Hydroxyapatite
Placenta
Proprioreceptor
Peptide bond
24. Mendels' first law. The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles of a given gene will be separate from one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Semicircular canals
Nonsense mutation
Lysogenic cycle
Law of Segregation
25. The first substrate in teh Krebs cycle - produced primarily from the oxidation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - however acetyl - CoA is also produced during fatty acid oxidation and protein catabolism.
Partial pressure
Exclusion
Spermatid
Acetyl - CoA
26. A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction.
Zygote
Aldosterone
Log phase
Bulbourethral galnds
27. A receptor that responds to light
Fertilization
Respiratory acidosis
Photoreceptor
Disaccharide
28. An X- linked recessive disorder in Which blood fails to clot properly - leading to excessive bleeding if injured.
Operator
Promoter
Vestibular glands
Hemophilia
29. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Organ of Corti
Sympathic nervous system
Tetrad
Efferent arteriole
30. The synthesis of blood cells (occurs in the red bone marrow)
Antiporter
Hematopoiesis
Lagging strand
Milk letdown
31. Proteins that bind to and stabilize the signle strands of DNA exposed when helicase unwinds the double helix in preparation for replication.
Single strand binding proteins
Epistasis
Polar body
Serum
32. A normal component of the outer membrane of Gram - negative bacteria. Endotoxins produce extreme immune reactions (septic shock) - particularly when many of them enter the circulation at once.
Homologous structures
Monosaccharide
Endotoxin
Efferent arteriole
33. A cell produced when a B cell is activated by antigen. Memory cells do not actively fight the current infection - but patrol the body in case of future infection with the same antigen. If the antigen should appear again the future - memory cells are
Memory cell
hCG
Start site
Length - tension relationship
34. The specialized cells of the heart that spontaneously initiate action potentials and transmit them to the cardiac muscle cells. The cells of the conduction system are essentially cardiac muscle cells - but lack the contractile fibers of the muscle ce
Cytosine
Renin
Cardiac conduction system
Inner cell mass
35. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Action potential
Lymphocyte
Ciliary muscles
Tendon
36. Aromatic bases found in DNa and RNA that have a single - ring structure. They include cytosine - thymine - and uracil.
Lacunae
Synapse
Pyrimidine bases
Plasmid
37. The portion of the cell membrane at the neuromusclar junction; essentially the postsynaptic membrane at the synapse.
Motor end plate
Vein
Enzyme
Venous returns
38. The outer ring of cells of a blastocyst. The trophoblast takes part in the formation of the placenta.
Venous returns
Depolarization
Trophoblast
Afferent arteriole
39. Sensory receptors found in the inner ear. Cochlear hair cells respond to vibration in the cochlea caused by sound waves and vestibular hair cells respond to changes in position and acceleration (used for balance).
Hair cells
Allosteric regulation
Bacilus
Chitin
40. One of several vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Cofactor
Antigen (Ag)
Pulmonary vein
Thymine
41. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
Ureters
Osmotic pressure
Antibody (Ab)
Tight junction
42. A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart chambers. Arteries have muscular walls to regulate blood flow and are typically high - pressure vessles.
Pyruvic acid
Artery
Humoral immunity
Sphygmomanometer
43. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
A site
Carbohydrates
Disaccharide
Second messenger
44. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Prophase II
Enzyme
Genetic code
Endometrium
45. The phase of mitosis during which the cell physically splits into two daugter cells. Cytokinesis begins near the end of anaphase - and is completed during telophase.
Respiratory acidosis
Liver
Clathrin
Cytokinesis
46. A substance secreted by embryonic testes that causes the regression of the Mullerian ducts.
Induction
Iris
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
47. Toward the 5' end of an Rna transcript (the 5' end of the DNA coding strand). The promoter and start sites are upstream.
Start site
FSH
Upsteam
Central Nervous System
48. The pressure in the (theoretical) space between the lung surface and the inner wall of the chest cavity.
Synovial fluid
Silent mutation
Transduction
Pleural pressure
49. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.
Loose connective tissue
Epiphyseal plate
Dermis
Oxidative phosphorylation
50. A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane - bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular (fungi - plants and animals).
Eukaryotic
Parietal cells
Nuclear envelope
Reduction