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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Something that works together with another thing to augment the the second thing's activity. For example - a uscle that assists another muslce is said to be a syngergist. An enzyme that helps another enzyme is a synergist.
yngergist
Lower esophageal sphincter
Chemical synapse
Reflex arc
2. A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions.
Antiporter
Photoreceptor
Zygote
Codon
3. The ability of tissues to regulate their own blood flow in the absence of neural stiulation. THis is generally accomplished via metabolic wastes (such as CO2) that act as vasodilators.
Coronary vessels
Cytosine
Translation
Local autoregulation
4. A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium of the heart that initiate the impules of heart contraction; for this reason the SA node is knownas the 'pacemaker' of the heart.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Clathrin
Peristalsis
hnRNA
5. The outer protein coat of a virus (the whole coat)
Heterotroph
Respiratory alkalosis
Convergent evolution
Capsid
6. The second major node of the cardiac conduction system (after the SA node). The cardiac impulse is delayed slightly at teh AV node - allowing the ventricles to contract just after the atria contract.
Na+/K+ ATPase
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Repolarization
Leak channel
7. An organism that requires the aid of a host organism to survive - and that harms the host in the process.
Chemotroph
Parasite
Lysozyme
Prophase II
8. A chromosome that does not determine gender (is not a sex chromosome). Humans have two sex chromsomes and 22 autosomes.
Autosome
Aqueous humor
Enterokinase
hCG
9. The phase of the cell cycle during which the replicated genome is divided. Mitosis has four phases (prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase) and includes cytokinesis (the physical splitting of the cell into two new cells).
hnRNA
Release factor
Endocrine system
Mitosis
10. The monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides have the general chemical formula CnH2nOn - and common monosaccharides include glucose - fructose - galactose - and ribose.
Ovulation
Monosaccharide
Endocrine system
Differentiation
11. The movement of a particle (the solute) in a solution from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration ( or down it concentration gradient).
Semilunar valves
Diffusion
Synovial fluid
Integral membrane protein
12. Aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA that are derived from purine. They have a double rightn structure and include adenine and guanine.
Bone marrow
Autoimmune reaction
Purine bases
Tendon
13. The subdivision of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Tropic hormone
Carbohydrates
Epididymis
Central Nervous System
14. A non - bony material that fills the hollow spaces inside bones. Red bone marrow is found in regiosn of spongy bone and is the site of blood cell (red and white) production. Yellow bone marrow is found in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones - is most
Pyrimidine bases
Pulmonary circulation
Bone marrow
A site
15. The smalles of all blodo vessles - typically having a diamtere just large neough for blood cells to pass through in single file. Capillaries have extremelyu thin walls to faciliate the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues.
Capilary
Alimentary canal
Erectile tissue
Pore
16. The cellular elements of blood; erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets.
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
Frameshift mutation
Accessory organs
Formed elements
17. An alkaline - fructose - rich fluid produced by three different glands in the male reproductive tract and released during ejaculation. Semen is very nourishing for sperm.
Semen
Vasa recta
Vein
Medulla oblongata
18. A ductless gland that secretes a hormone into the blood
Bulbourethral galnds
Epithelial tissue
Aorta
Endocrine gland
19. A systme of ductless glands taht secrete chemical messengers (into) the blood - has to be into the blood.
Fast block to polyspermy
Endocrine system
Signal sequence
Activation energy (Ea)
20. Muscles that help focus light on teh retin by controlling the curvature of the lens of the eye.
Afferent arteriole
Supercoiling
Ileocecal valve
Ciliary muscles
21. The outer ring of cells of a blastocyst. The trophoblast takes part in the formation of the placenta.
Synaptic cleft
Trophoblast
Primary immune response
Leukocyte
22. A subphase of male orgasm - a reflex reaction triggered by the presence of semen in the urethra. Ejaculation is a series of rhythmic contractions of muscles near teh base of teh penis that increase pressure in the urethra - forcing the semen out.
Ejaculation
Enzyme
Macula densa
Oxaloacetate
23. An organism that can survive in the presence of oxygen (oxygen is not toxic) - but that does not use oxygen during metabolism (anaerobic metabolism only).
Parasite
Leak channel
Pancreatic duct
Tolerant anaerobe
24. A gland that secretes a waxy product - found in the external ear canal.
Helicase
Amino acid acceptor site
Amino Acid
Ceruminous gland
25. An organism (such as a fungus) that feeds of dead plants and animals.
Brush border enzymes
Amino acid acceptor site
Saprophyte
Transversion mutation
26. Cells that make up exocrine galnds - adn that secrete their products into ducts. For example - in the pancreas - acinar cells secrete digestive enzyme; in the salivary glands - acinar cells secrete saliva.
Secondary immune response
urfactant
Incomplete dominance
Acinar cells
27. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Myofibril
Active site
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Ovulation
28. A protein - based substance secreted by cells of the epiderms as they migrate outward. The keratin makes the cells tougher (better able to withstand abrasion) and helps make the skin waterproof.
Keratin
Cerebral cortex
Renin
Hemoglobin
29. The region at the center of an A band of a sarcomere that is made up of myosin only. The H zone gets shorter (and may disappear) during muscle contraction.
Relication fork(s)
H zone
Erythrocyte
Vitreous humor
30. A subphase of male orgasm. Emission is the movement of sperm (via the vas deferens) and semen into the urtehra in prepartion for ejaculation.
Aqueous humor
Emission
Sphygmomanometer
Lacteals
31. Something that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy for that reaction. The free energy of reaction remains unchanged.
Sister chromatid
Catalyst
Ribosome
Polyspermy
32. An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; also called DNA ligase. This enzyme is usedd during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research.
Resting membrane potential
Ligase
Telomere
Chemoreceptor
33. Pepsinogen - secreting cells foudn at teh bottom of the gastric glands
Renal tubule
Hypodermis
Soma
Chief cells
34. A group of blood proteins that bind non - specifically to the surface proteins of foreign cells (such as bacteria) - ultimately leading to the destruction of the foreign cell - part of the innate immunity.
Vagus nerves
Sphincter of Oddi
Fibrinogen
Complement system
35. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
Pulmonary circulation
Gram - positive bacteria
Parietal cells
Ligand - gated ion channel
36. Also called negative feedback - the inhibition of an early step in a series of events by the product of a later step in the series. This has the effect of stopping the series of events when the products are plentiful and the series is unnecesseary. F
Feedback inhibition
Corpus callosum
Osmosis
Phospholipid
37. Early embryonic ducts that can develop into male internal genitalia under the proper stimulation (testosterone).
Endometrium
Spongy bone
Wolffian ducts
Trophoblast
38. (singular alveolus.) Tiny sacs - with walls only a single cell layer thick found at the end of the respiratory bronchiole tree. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system.
Yolk sac
Alveoli
Canaliculus
Plasma
39. A person with blood type AB+. Because this person's red blood cells possess all of the typical blood surface proteins - they will not display an immune reaction if transfused with any of the other blood types.
Universal acceptor
Trophoblast
Fascicle
Pulmonary vein
40. An integral membrane proteint hat binds extracellular signaling molecules - suchas hormones and peptides.
Cell surface receptor
Enterogasterone
Power stroke
Catalyst
41. The period of human development from implantation through 8 weeks of gestation. Gastrulation - neurulation - and organogenesis occur during this time period. The developing baby is known as embryo during this time period.
Adenohypophis
Circular smooth muscles
Differentiation
Embryonic stage
42. The uptake of material into a cell - usually by invagination. See also 'phagocytosis' - pinocytosis - and receptor - mediated endocytosis..
Endocytosis
Vital capacity
Replication bubbles
Morula
43. The specialized cells of the heart that spontaneously initiate action potentials and transmit them to the cardiac muscle cells. The cells of the conduction system are essentially cardiac muscle cells - but lack the contractile fibers of the muscle ce
Ectoderm
F (fertility) factor
Phospholipid
Cardiac conduction system
44. A wave of contraction that sweeps along a muscular tube - pushing substances along the tube (e.g. - food through the digestive tract - urine through the ureters - etc.)
Totipotent
Diastole
Basement membrane
Peristalsis
45. A group of sensory neuron cell bodies found just posterior to the spinal cord on either side. A pair of root ganglia exists for each spinal nerve that expands from the spinal cord. The ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Dorsal root ganglion
Capsid
Homologous chromosomes
Chymotrypsin
46. Also known as the adenohypophysis - the anterior pituitary is made of gland tissue and makes and secretes six different homrones: FSH - LH - ACTH - prolactin - TSH - and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled b yreleasing and inhibiting
Saprophyte
Anterioir pituitary gland
Oval window
Gastrulation
47. The portion of an integral membrane protein that passes through the lipid bilayer.
Transmembrane domain
Hyperpolarization
Z lines
Intermediate filaments
48. Molecules made by connecting amino acids via peptide bonds. Proteins are synthesized (translated) by ribosomes - and function as enzymes - carriers - structrual fibers - cell surface receptors - channels - porters - hormones - etc.
Proteins
S phase
Substrate(s)
Obligate anaerobe
49. The flexible membrane in teh chochlea that supports the organ of Corti (structure which contains the hearing receptors). The fibers of the basilar membrane are short and stiff near the oval windown and long and fleaxible near the apex of the cochlea.
Golgi apparatus
Productive cycle
Basilar membrane
Aminoacyl tRNA
50. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Polyspermy
Oxaloacetate
Genetic code