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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The final portion of the large intestine.
Rectum
Umbilical cord
Hepatic portal vein
Skeletal muscle
2. The reduced from (carries electrons) of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). this is the other main electron carrier in cellular respiration (NADH is the most common).
Linker DNA
Trypsin
FADH2
Pleiotropic gene
3. The tube that connects the middle ear acity with the pharynx; also known as the Eustachian tube. Its fucntion is to equalize midle ear pressure with atmospheric pressure so that pressure on boths sides of the tympanic membrane is the same.
Nucleoside
Auditory tube
Choroid
Amino Acid
4. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Aqueous humor
Thymus
Angiotensin
Lagging strand
5. Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram - negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram - positive bacteria.
Semilunar valves
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Gram - negative bacteria
6. An organism that makes its own - typically using CO2 as a carbon source.
Gibbs free energy
Autotroph
Telophase I
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
7. The reactants in an enzyme - catalyzed reaction. Substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
Adrenergic tone
Substrate(s)
urfactant
Telomere
8. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
Thalamus
Mitochondrion
Osmosis
Follicular phase
9. The protective - connective tissue wrapping of the central nervous system (the dura mater - arachnoid mater - and pia mater).
Peroxisome
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Meninges
Obligate anaerobe
10. A large - non - sepcific - phagocytic cell of the immune syste. Macrophages frequently leave the bloodstream to crawl around in the tissues and perform 'clean up' duties - such as ingesting dead cells or cellular debris at an injury site - or pathoge
Vasa recta
Macrophage
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Enterokinase
11. One of the four aromatic bases found in RNA. Uracil is pyrimidine; it pairs with adnenine.
Pleural pressure
Zygote
Pinocytosis
Uracil
12. The portion of the ear consisting of the pinna and the external auditory canal. The outer ear is separated from the middle ear by the tympanic membrane (the eardrum).
Effector organ
Primase
Outer ear
Nonsense mutation
13. The non - specific uptake of solid material by a cell accomplished by englufing the particle with plasma membrane and drawing it into the cell.
Phagocytosis
Juxtaglomerular cells.
urfactant
Competitive inhibitor
14. A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoclasts) - the kidneys (increases calcium reabsorption) - and the small intestine (increases calcium absorption).
Sclera
Clathrin
Phenotype
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
15. The depolarzation of the motor end plate on a muscle cell.
End plate potential
Facultative anaerobe
Longitudinal muscle
Urea
16. A pair of similar chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order - but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. One of the pair of chromosomes came from Mom in an ovum - and the other came from Dad in a sperm. Humans have 23 pair
Antiparallel orientation
Neuromuscular junction
Myoglobin
Homologous chromosomes
17. A protein channel in a cell membrane that is specific for a particular ion - such as Na+ or K+. Ion channels may be constitutively open (leak channels) - or regulated (voltage - gated or ligand - gated).
Siding filament theory
Relative refractory period
Ion channel
Tidal volume
18. Salivary amylase
Integral membrane protein
Ptyalin
Brush border enzymes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
19. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. (chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein).
Natural selection
Repressor
Lipoprotein
Basilar membrane
20. A complex polymer of sugars and amino acids; the substance From which bacterial ell walls are made.
Spongy bone
Origin of replication
Pyloric sphincter
Peptidoglycan
21. MRna that codes for several different proteins by utliizing different reading frames - nested genets - etc. Polycistronic mRNa is a characteristic of prokaryotes.
Melanin
Pinocytosis
Antigen (Ag)
Poycistronic mRNA
22. Receptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta that monitor blood pH to help regulate ventilation rate.
Collagen
Nucleoside
Canaliculus
Peripheral chemoreceptors
23. Sperm production; occurs in human males on a daily basis from puberty until death. Spermatogenesis results in the production of four mature gametes (sperm) from a single precursor cell (spermatogonium). For maximum sperm viability - spermatogenesis r
Neuron
Cones
Analogous structures
Spermatogenesis
24. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Insulin
Soma
Mitochondrion
Carbohydrates
25. A blood clot that forms in an unbrokened blood vessel. Thrombi are dangerous they can break free and begin travelin in the bloodstream (become an embolus). Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissue
Disaccharide
Thrombus
Lagging strand
Electron transport chain
26. The reduction of pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate in order to regenerate NAD+ from NADH. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen - and allow glycolysis to continue under those conditions.
Spermatogonium
Chemotaxis
Monocistronic mRNA
Fermentation
27. Mal sex hormones. Testosteron is the primary androgen.
Endosymbitoic theory
Androgens
Retina
Phosphofructokinase
28. A point mutation in which a condon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a stop (nonsense) codon.
Nonsense mutation
Neuralation
Tetrad
Allosteric regulation
29. A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads) - detoxification (in liver cells) - and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells).
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Pulmonary edema
Exon
EPSP
30. Receptors in the central nervous system that monitor the pH of cerebrospinal luid to help regulate ventilation rate.
Efferent arteriole
Afferent neuron
Pulmonary edema
Central chemoreceptors
31. To remove oxygen - to add hydrogen - or to add electrons to a molecule.
Reduction
Posterior pituitary gland
Periplasmic space
Fast block to polyspermy
32. The neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic division of the ANS at the postganglionic (organ - level ) synapse.
Brush border enzymes
Norepinephrine
hick filament
Dermis
33. The first generation of offspring from a given genetic cross.
Lytic cycle
Differentiation
Inspiration
F1 generation
34. A receptor that responds to light
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Photoreceptor
Villi
Pulmonary vein
35. A chemical secreted by a T cell (usually the helper Ts) that stimulates activation and proliferation of other immune system cells.
Lymphokine
Hypophysis
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Primary spermatocytes
36. The space between the inner and outer cell membranes in Gram - negative bactera. The peptidoglycan cell wall is found in the periplasmic space - and this space sometimes contains enzymes to degrade antibiotics.
Villi
Facilitated diffusion
Periplasmic space
Operator
37. The movement of a substance across a membane via pressure. In the kidney - filtration refers specifically to the movement of plasma across the capillary walls fo the glomerulus - into the capsule and tubule of the neprhon. Filtration at teh glomerulu
Tetrad
Filtration
Erythropoietin
Golgi apparatus
38. A duodenal enzyme that activates trypsinogen (from the pancreas) to trypsin.
Enterokinase
Siding filament theory
Endocrine system
Nuclear envelope
39. A long projection off the cell body of a neruon down which an action potential can be propagated.
Axon
Repressible enzyme
Pleiotropic gene
Spermatogenesis
40. Identical copies of a chromosome - produced during DNA replication and held together at the centromere Sister chromatids are separated during anaphase of mitosis.
Tidal volume
Silent mutation
Sister chromatid
Uterus
41. A phagocytic - like bone cell that breaks down bone matrix to release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream.
Diastole
Hepatic portal vein
Osteoclast
Ileocecal valve
42. A clear area in a lawn of bacteria. Plaques represent an area where bacteria are lysing (dying) and usually caused by a lytic virus.
DNA polymerase
Plaque
Virus
Eukaryotic
43. A subphase of male orgasm - a reflex reaction triggered by the presence of semen in the urethra. Ejaculation is a series of rhythmic contractions of muscles near teh base of teh penis that increase pressure in the urethra - forcing the semen out.
Antigen presenting cell
Motor unit recruitment
Ejaculation
hick filament
44. DNA replication in prokaryotes - so named because as replication proceeds around the single - circular chromosome - it takes on the appearnce of the Greek letter theta.
Telophase II
Theta replication
Angiotensin
Gene
45. Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone.
Gap phase
Tendon
Testcross
Crossing over
46. The constant inhibition provided to the heart by the vagus nerve. Vagal tone reduces the intrinsic firing rate of teh SA node from 120 beats/minute to around 80 beats/minute.
Vagal tone
Catalyst
Recessive
Artery
47. A systme of ductless glands taht secrete chemical messengers (into) the blood - has to be into the blood.
Dendrite
Cardiac conduction system
S phase
Endocrine system
48. A band of carilage (hyaline) found between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones during childhood and adolescence. Cell proliferation in the middle of the eiphyseal plate essentially forces teh diaphysis and epiphyses further apart - while the ol
Epiphyseal plate
Prophase II
Organogenesis
Periperal nervous system
49. The release of milk from the mammary glands via contraction of ducts within the glands. Contraction is stimulated by oxytocin - which is released from the posterior pituitary when the baby begins nursing.
Ligament
Mucocilliary escalator
Pyrimidine bases
Milk letdown
50. Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers (hence - loose) - e.g. - adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue.
Loose connective tissue
Excitation - contraction coupling
Myofibril
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)