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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The site(s) where the parental DNA double helix unwinds during replication.
Milk letdown
Spermatogenesis
Umbilical cord
Relication fork(s)
2. A clear area in a lawn of bacteria. Plaques represent an area where bacteria are lysing (dying) and usually caused by a lytic virus.
Osteoclast
Plaque
Ovulation
Codon
3. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Implantation
Mesoderm
Osmotic pressure
Aqueous humor
4. A carrier protein that transports a single molecule across the plasma membrane.
Anaphase
Uniporter
Erectile tissue
Cerebellum
5. The outermost layer of teh skin. The epidermis is made of epithelial tissue that is constantly dividing at the bottom; teh cells migrate to teh surface (dying along the way) to be sloughed off at the suface.
Signal sequence
Epidermis
Alimentary canal
Interphase
6. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus
Albumin
Bowman's capsule
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
A band
7. A hydrophobic molecule - usually fomred from long hydrocarbon chains. The most common forms in which lipids are found in the body are as triglycerides (energy storage) - phospholipids (cell membranes) - and cholestero (cell membranes and steroid synt
Lipid
Repolarization
Meninges
Fetal stage
8. The oxidation of high - energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP - producing ATP. In eukaryotes - oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondira.
Oxidative phosphorylation
Inspiration
Vena cava
Cecum
9. Also called vasopressin - this hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by teh posterior pituitary gland. It tartes teh kidney tubules - increasing their permeability to water - adn thus increasing water retention by the body. Also raises
Cleavage
Graafian follicle
Length - tension relationship
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
10. The flow of blood from the heart - through the lungs - and back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Resolution
Oxidative phosphorylation
11. An inactive precursor of an enzyme - activated by various methods (acid hydrolysis - cleavage by another enzyme - etc.)
Zymogen
Active transport
Homozygous
Cervix
12. Fingerlike projection of the uterin (fallopian) tubes that drape over the ovary.
Connective tissue
Adrenal medulla
Fimbriae
Chemotaxis
13. A layer of cells surroudning the granulosa cells of the follicles in an ovary. Thecal cells help produce the estrogen secreted from the follicle during the first phase of the ovarian cycle.
Intermediate filaments
Retinal
Thecal cells
Humoral immunity
14. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normla - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
Troponin
Osteoblast
Oval window
Tidal volume
15. A long projection on a bacterial surface involved in an attachment - e.g. - the sex pilus attaches F+ and F- bacteria during conjugation.
Autotroph
Eukaryotic
Pilus
Renal absorption
16. Mendels' first law. The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles of a given gene will be separate from one another during gamete formation (meiosis).
Pleural pressure
Tidal volume
Law of Segregation
Peptide bond
17. The movement of water (the solvent) from its region of high concentration to its region of low concentration. NOte that the water concnetration gradient is opposite to the solute concentration gradient - since where solutes are concentrated - water i
Signal transduction
Pyrimidine bases
Osmosis
Skeletal muscle
18. A systme of ductless glands taht secrete chemical messengers (into) the blood - has to be into the blood.
Adenine
Analogous structures
Endocrine system
Follicular phase
19. The portion of the nephron tubule after the loop of Henle - but before teh collecting duct. Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably regulated reabsorption of water and sodium.
Artery
Erythropoietin
Primase
Distal convoluted tubule
20. The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle - during which the endometrium (shed off during menstration is rebuilt). This phase of the cycle is under the control of estrogen - secreted from the follicle developing in the ovary during this tim
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Proliferative phase
Purine bases
Internodal tract
21. A protein - digesting enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands. Pepsin is secreted in its inactive form (pepsinogen) and is activated by gastric acid. It is unusual in that its pH optimum is around 1-2; most of these enzymes in the bo
Ejaculation
Urethra
Pepsin
Peptidoglycan
22. A string of sarcomeres with a skeletal muscle cell (hence smaller than myofiber). Each muscle cell contains hundreds of myofibirils.
Cristae
Myofibril
Cochlea
Transmembrane domain
23. A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration (it does not move - just stays there). Muscles that participate in endurance activities (inclu
H zone
Spermatogonium
Oxaloacetate
Myoglobin
24. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Thymine
Interstitial cell
Rule of multiplication
Lacteals
25. The law of conservation of energy; the energy of the universe is constant - thus if the energy of a system increases - the energy of its surroundings must decrease - and vice versa.
Primary bronchi
Pulmonary edema
First law of Thermodynamics
Calcitonin
26. A dense - hard type of bone constructed from osteons (at the microscopic level). Compact bone forms the diaphysis of the the long bones - and the outer shell of the epiphyses and all other bones.
Creatine Phosphate
Oogonium
Ceruminous gland
Compact bone
27. A skeletal muscle cell - also known as a muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle cells are formed from the fusion of many smaller cells (during development) consequently they are very long and are multinucleate.
Bipolar neuron
Homologous chromosomes
Myofiber
Neurotransmitter
28. Molecules made from monosaccharides that serve as the primary source of cellular energy -. Carbohydrates can also act as cell surface markers (good thing to remember).
Carbohydrates
Single strand binding proteins
Formed elements
Bacteriophage
29. The outer ring of cells of a blastocyst. The trophoblast takes part in the formation of the placenta.
Peripheral membrane protein
Trophoblast
Pleiotropic gene
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
30. The protective - connective tissue wrapping of the central nervous system (the dura mater - arachnoid mater - and pia mater).
Gallbladder
Purkinje fibers
FADH2
Meninges
31. The portion of the hindbrain that controls respiratory and blood pressure - and specialized digestive and respiratory functions such as vomiting - sneezing - and coughing.
Alimentary canal
Portal systems
Medulla oblongata
Ligase
32. A cyclic version of adenosine monophosphate - where the phosphate is esterified to both the 5' and 3' carbons - forming a ring. Cyclic AMP is an important intracellular signaling moelcule - often called the 'second messenger.' It serves to activate c
Renin
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
mRNA
Sertolli cells
33. A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction.
Centriole
Medulla
Parasympathetic nervous system
Zygote
34. The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within teh Gi tract - and is linked to the central nervous system.
Anaphase II
Cross bridge
Enteric nervous system
Mullerian ducts
35. The capillaries that surround the tubules of the nephron. The vasa recta reclaims reabsorbed substances - such as water and sodium ions.
Inhibin
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Vagus nerves
Vasa recta
36. DNA replication in prokaryotes - so named because as replication proceeds around the single - circular chromosome - it takes on the appearnce of the Greek letter theta.
Atrioventricular valves
Theta replication
Induction
Prophase
37. The fusion of a sperm with an ovum during sexual reproduction. Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine tubes and requires capacitation of the sperm and relase of the acrosomal enzymes. Fertilization is a species - specific process - requiring b
Fertilization
Organ of Corti
Nondisjunction
Relative refractory period
38. A blood pressure cuff
Sphygmomanometer
Linker DNA
Retinal
Endotoxin
39. Amino - acyl tRNA site; the site on a ribosome where a new amino acid is added to a growing peptide.
Cilia
Jejunum
Axon
A site
40. The process of reading a strand of mRNA to synthesize protein. Protein translation takes place on a ribosome.
Pulmonary circulation
Translation
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Tolerant anaerobe
41. A tissue in which the cytoplasms of the cells are connected by gap junctions - allowing the cells to function as a unit. Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are examples of functional synctiums.
Smooth muscle
Gene
Functional synctium
Trachea
42. An organism that can survive in the presence of oxygen (oxygen is not toxic) - but that does not use oxygen during metabolism (anaerobic metabolism only).
Gibbs free energy
Medium
Ligand - gated ion channel
Tolerant anaerobe
43. A bacterial extrachromosal elent that allows the bacterium to initati conjugation. Bacteria that possess teh F factor are known as F+ 'males'.
F (fertility) factor
Pupil
Morula
Phenotype
44. The inner epithelial lining of the uterus that thickens and develops during the menstrual cycle - into which a fertilized ovum can implant - and which sloughs off during menstration if a pregnancy does not occur.
Menopause
Determination
Endometrium
Platelets
45. The 3' end of a tRNA molecule that binds an amino acid. The nucleotide sequence at this end is CCA
Okazaki fragments
Tropomyosin
Amino acid acceptor site
Osteoblast
46. The reduction of pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate in order to regenerate NAD+ from NADH. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen - and allow glycolysis to continue under those conditions.
Fermentation
Vestibular glands
Leading strand
Syncytium
47. The relationship of muscle length to its ability to generate strong contractions. Maximum tension (contraction strength) is achieved at sarcomere lengths between 2.0 and 2.2 microns. Tension decreases outside of this range <-- remember.
Testcross
Morula
Length - tension relationship
Cerebellum
48. The muscuar layer of the uterus. The myometrium is made of smooth muscles that retains its ability to divide in order to accomodate the massive size increases that occur during pregnancy. The myometrium is stimulated to contract during labor by the h
Myometrium
Homeostasis
Plasma
Bile
49. A method of DNA protection utilized by prokaryotes in which their large circular chromosome is coiled upon itself.
Systemic circulation
Gastrulation
Supercoiling
Liver
50. A receptor that responds to changes in body position - such as stretch on a tendon - or contraction of a muscle. These receptor allow us to be consciously aware of the position of our body parts.
Law of Segregation
Proprioreceptor
Cardiac output
Heterochromatin