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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Prep Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An immune organ located near the heart. THe thymus is the site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents.
Power stroke
Thymus
Operator
Corticosteroids
2. Unmyelinated neuron cell bodies and short unmyelinated axons.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Bile
Myosin light - chain kinase (MLCK)
Gray matter
3. A point mutation in which a condon that specifies an amino acid is mutated into a stop (nonsense) codon.
Nonsense mutation
Repolarization
Neuralation
Creatine Phosphate
4. A rapid from of action potential conduction along the axon of a neuron in which the action potential appears to jump from nodde of Ranvier to node of Ranvier.
Vitamin
Corpus luteum
Saltatory conduction
Pleura
5. Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
Respiratory alkalosis
Sertolli cells
Prolactin
Basilar membrane
6. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
Lactic acid
Dorsal root ganglion
Tight junction
Thalamus
7. A structure composed of a ribose molecule linked to one of the aromatic bases. In a deoxynucleoside - the ribose is replaced with deoxyribose.
Labia
Nucleoside
Power stroke
Placental villi
8. A law of population genetics that states that the frequencies of alleles in a given gene pool do not change over time. There are five assumptions required for this law to hold true: there must be no mutation - there must be no migration - there must
Facultative anaerobe
Microvilli
Hardy- Weinberg law
Release factor
9. The muscle tissue of the heart Cardiac muscle is striated - uninucleate - and under involuntary control (controlled by teh autonomic nervous system). Note also that cardiac muscle is self - stimulatory - and autonomic control serves only to modify th
Pulmonary vein
Cardiac muscle
Thyroxine
Pleural pressure
10. Paired glands found on the posterior external wall of the bladder in males. Their secretions contain an alkaline mucus and fructose - among other things - and make up approximately 60% of the ejaculate volume.
Uracil
Osmotic pressure
Virus
Seminal vesicles
11. The outer layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. When the longitudinal muscle contracts the tube shortens.
Retina
Telophase
Universal acceptor
Longitudinal muscle
12. A thin - watery fluid found in teh anterior segment of the eye (between the lens and the cornea). THe aqueous humor is constantly produced and drained - adn helps to bring nutrients to the lesn and corena - as well as to remove metabolic wastes
Aqueous humor
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Conjugation
Primary active transport
13. A trop hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gand that targets the adrenal cortex - stimulating it to relase corisol and aldosterone.
Adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH)
Coccus
Epinephrine
mRNA
14. A blood clot that forms in an unbrokened blood vessel. Thrombi are dangerous they can break free and begin travelin in the bloodstream (become an embolus). Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissue
Thrombus
Cristae
Arousal
Secretory phase
15. Messenger RNA; the type of RNa that is read by a ribosome to synthesize protein.
Saltatory conduction
mRNA
Electron transport chain
Disaccharide
16. A hormone tha tcontrols the release of another hormone.
Tropic hormone
Centriole
FSH
Nondisjunction
17. The 3' end of a tRNA molecule that binds an amino acid. The nucleotide sequence at this end is CCA
Secondary immune response
Labia
Coronary vessels
Amino acid acceptor site
18. The stoppage of bleeding; blood clotting.
Chemotaxis
Lawn
Hemostasis
Nuclear envelope
19. A cell that produces bone.
Myofiber
Nuclear envelope
Dynein
Osteoblast
20. Cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter in between that of the microtubule and the microfilament. Intermediate filaments are composed of many different proteins and tend to play structural roles in cells.
Baroreceptor
Telophase II
Intermediate filaments
Outer ear
21. To attach oxygen - to remove hydrogen - or to remove electrons from a molecule.
Oxidation
Z lines
Sphygmomanometer
Hypothalamus
22. A sensory receptor that responds to specific chemicals. Some examples are gustatory (taste) receptors - olfactory (smell) receptors - and central chemoreceptors (responds to pH changes in teh cerebrospinal fluid).
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Chemoreceptor
Competitive inhibitor
Rule of addition
23. The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the to outside of the body. In males it also carries semen and sperm during ejaculation.
Urethra
Inhibin
Umbilical cord
Facultative anaerobe
24. The third phase of meiosis II. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are finally spearated at their centromeres and puled to opposite sides of teh cell. Note that anaphase II is identical to mitotic anaphase - excep the number of chromosmes was re
Primary immune response
Anaphase II
Determination
Maternal inheritance
25. An organism that can survive in the presence of oxygen (oxygen is not toxic) - but that does not use oxygen during metabolism (anaerobic metabolism only).
Thymine
Norepinephrine
Tolerant anaerobe
Photoreceptor
26. A contractile protein connecting microtubules in the '9+2- arrangement of cilia and eukaryotic flagella. The contraction of dynein produces the characteristic movement of these structures.
Transmembrane domain
Nociceptors
Dynein
Periplasmic space
27. The pressure in the (theoretical) space between the lung surface and the inner wall of the chest cavity.
Chorion
Pleural pressure
Spatial summation
Zymogen
28. A complex polymer of sugars and amino acids; the substance From which bacterial ell walls are made.
Peptidoglycan
Ectoderm
Antagonist
B cell
29. Small organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced as a byproduct of lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by way of the enzyme catalase.
Nondisjunction
Cornea
Release factor
Peroxisome
30. Integration by a postsynaptic neuron of inputs (EPSPs and IPSPs) from multiple sources.
Hfr bacterium
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Spatial summation
hCG
31. The attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA (not that this a specific interaction). tRNa loading requires two high - energy phosphate bonds.
Pleural pressure
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Start site
tRNA loading
32. The inner region of the adrenal gland. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous systme - and releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine into the blood when stimuated. These hormones augment and prolon the effects of sympatheti
Proprioreceptor
Posterior pituitary gland
Depolarization
Adrenal medulla
33. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.
Enterokinase
Endosymbitoic theory
Temporal summation
Neuromuscular junction
34. The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.
Submucosa
Nuclear envelope
Sex- linked rait
Chymotrypsin
35. One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Carrier protein
Loose connective tissue
Log phase
Vena cava
36. Also called transverse tubules - these are deep invaginations of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.
Crossing over
Epiphysis
T tubules
Ossicles
37. A hormone released from the hypothalamus that triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
yngergist
Auxotroph
Phagocytosis
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
38. The largest organ in the abdominal cavity. The liver has many roles - including procesing of carbohydrates and fats - synthesis of urea - production of blood proteins - production of bile - recycling heme - and storage of vitamins.
Liver
Steroid hormone
Periperal nervous system
Vagal tone
39. An alkaline - fructose - rich fluid produced by three different glands in the male reproductive tract and released during ejaculation. Semen is very nourishing for sperm.
FSH
Myometrium
Semen
Vagina
40. The three glands in the male reproductive system that reproduce semen: the seminal vesicles - the prostate - and the
Lymph node
Accessory glands
Ossicles
Bacteriophage
41. The failure of two separate genes to boey the Law of Independent Assortment - as might occur if the genes were found close together on the same chromosome.
Transversion mutation
Linkage
Osteocyte
Codominance
42. The middle (approximtely 40%) of the small intestine.
Hemophilia
Jejunum
FSH
Adenine
43. The fraction of teh end - diastolic volume ejected from the ventricles in a single contraction of teh heart. THe ejection fraction is normally around 60% of the end diastolic volume.
Phenotype
Purkinje fibers
Norepinephrine
Ejection fraction
44. The second most common of the five classes of leukocytes. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity and include two cell types - B- cells and T cells. B- cells produce and secrete antibodies and T- cells are invovled in cellular immunity.
Excitation - contraction coupling
Lymphocyte
mRNA
Follicular phase
45. Microscopic outward folds of the cells lining the small intestine; microvilli serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.
Microvilli
urfactant
Cervix
Motor unit
46. A genetic cross between an organism displaying a recessive phenotype (homozygous recessive) and an organism displaying a dominant phenotype (for whic the genotype is unknown) - done to determine the unknown genotype.
Loop of Henle
Law of Independent Assortment
Sudoriferous gland
Testcross
47. Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis of ATP.
Primary active transport
Primary spermatocytes
Gene
Ejaculation
48. A strong connective tissue with varying degrees of flexibility. (1) Elastic cartilage is the most flexible - forming structures that reuqire support but also need to bend - such as the epiglottis and outer ear. (2) Hyaline cartilage is more rigid tha
Cartilage
Replication
Trophoblast
Vagal tone
49. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Luteal phase
Lacteals
Lumen
Lower esophageal sphincter
50. The final portion of the large intestine.
Oogonium
Cerebral cortex
Rectum
Luteal phase