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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Axillary temperature are
low BP
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

2. Healthly adult
Femoral
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
12-20
hyperoxia

3. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
tachycardia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
hypoxemia
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

4. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Relapsing
Apical
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Irregular

5. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Radial
It will also fall
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

6. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
16-20
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

7. How does age affect pulse?
Convection
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
left Sims position

8. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Conduction
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

9. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
hypertension
60 to 70 mL
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Hyperventilation

10. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Systolic pressure
Evaporation
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

11. How is pulse best found?
absent
bradypnea
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

12. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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13. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
+2
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Cardiac Output

14. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
palpate
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

15. State of insufficient oxygen
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
hypoxia
low BP
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

16. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
hyperoxia
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

17. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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18. Side of wrist
20-30
Radial
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Kussmaul's respiration

19. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
fever
Crisis
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

20. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
120-139/80-89
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

21. How does size affect pulse?
popliteal
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

22. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Hyperventilation
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
140-159/90-99

23. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
higher
intermittent
Pulse pressure

24. Elderly respiration
Systolic pressure
16-20
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

25. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
shallow or slow breathing
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

26. Stage 2 hypertension
Evaporation
Dorsalis pedis
Convection
^160/^100

27. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
palpate
wheeze
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
fever

28. Elevated temperature
Stroke volume
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
fever

29. How does external respiration occur?
Temporal
dyspnea
^160/^100
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

30. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
lysis
Pulse
Cardiac Output

31. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
remittent
Pulse
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Biot's

32. Weak and may be irregular
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
thready
Brachial

33. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
+2
low

34. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Cheyenne-Stokes
+1
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

35. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Feeble
Rhonchi
dyspnea
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

36. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Tachypnea
hypoxia

37. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Biot's respirations
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Systolic pressure
intermittent

38. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
stridor
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Korotkoff sounds
hypotension

39. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Rhonchi
16-20
hypotension
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

40. Enviromental temperature BP?
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
palpate
Respiration

41. Barely palpable
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Stroke volume
Feeble
Convection

42. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
It will also fall

43. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
+3
higher
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

44. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Rhonchi
72 bpm
^160/^100
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

45. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
Cardiac Output
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
pyrogens

46. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Convection
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Rhonchi
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

47. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Kussmaul's respiration
Biot's respirations
Apical

48. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Cheyenne-Stokes
bradypnea
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

49. Inside ankle
BMR
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Posterior tibial

50. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Hypothermia
30-80