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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
intermittent
72 bpm
oximeter

2. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Hypothermia
Pulse pressure
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

3. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
hyperoxia
Temporal
Cardiac Output
tachycardia

4. An example of nursing planning
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
+3
Crisis

5. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

6. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
97.5 to 99.5
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

7. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
+1
bradycardia
thready
Eupnea

8. Symptoms of hypoxia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Radial
the lungs
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

9. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
dyspnea
raises BP.
Irregular

10. High oxygen
oximetry
Apical
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
hyperoxia

11. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
BMR
low BP
Conduction
Apical

12. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
140-159/90-99

13. Measurement of oxygen
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
lysis
oximetry
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

14. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
crackles
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

15. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
the lungs
hypoxia

16. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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17. Enviromental temperature BP?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
120/70
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

18. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Evaporation
Posterior tibial

19. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Convection
140-159/90-99
+2
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

20. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Biot's respirations
Tachypnea
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

21. Signs and symptoms of shock
popliteal
the lungs
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Dorsalis pedis

22. Bend of elbow
arrhythmia
Brachial
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

23. Fever above 100.2 F
96.5 to 97.5
Pulse
pyrexia
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

24. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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25. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Hypothermia

26. Heart
carotid
Apical
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Tachypnea

27. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Pulse
140-159/90-99
Axillary.
Evaporation

28. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
stridor
Pedal pulse
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

29. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
20-30
Biot's respirations
Stertor

30. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Eupnea
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Systolic pressure

31. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
bradycardia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
ausculatation

32. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
lysis
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Evaporation

33. Side of wrist
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Radial
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

34. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
30-80
raises BP.

35. The average temperature in the older adult
+1
96.5 to 97.5
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

36. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

37. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
16-20
Hypothermia
+3

38. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

39. Substances tat cause fever
low BP
bradypnea
pyrogens
60 to 70 mL

40. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Diaphoresis
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

41. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

42. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
120/80
pyrexia
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

43. Normal body temperature ranges?
stridor
Relapsing
97.5 to 99.5
Diaphoresis

44. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
shallow or slow breathing
Cheyenne-Stokes
Pulse pressure
Rhonchi

45. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
pyrexia
the lungs
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Pulse

46. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
apnea
Irregular
+1
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

47. Elderly respiration
arrhythmia
16-20
Core Temperature
+2

48. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
120/80
constant

49. Healthly adult
higher
12-20
Pedal pulse
Apical

50. Bend of knee
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/70
Stroke Volume
popliteal