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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Diaphoresis
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

2. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
BMR
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
shallow or slow breathing

3. Elderly respiration
carotid
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
16-20
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

4. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

5. 1st stage of fever is?
72 bpm
+3
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

6. Measurement of oxygen
72 bpm
oximetry
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
intermittent

7. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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8. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
Cheyenne-Stokes
Rhonchi
bradycardia

9. Stage 1 hypertension
96.5 to 97.5
stridor
Tachypnea
140-159/90-99

10. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

11. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
bradypnea
Cardiac Output
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Apical

12. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
low BP

13. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
97.5 to 99.5
Biot's respirations
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

14. Bend of knee
popliteal
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Evaporation

15. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
shallow or slow breathing
low BP
arrhythmia
intermittent

16. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
wheeze
Tachypnea

17. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Evaporation
60 to 70 mL
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Axillary.

18. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
16-20
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Cardiac Output
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

19. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
16-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

20. Abrupt decline in fever
hypertension
hypoxemia
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Crisis

21. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
20-30
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

22. Fever above 100.2 F
96.5 to 97.5
Korotkoff sounds
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
pyrexia

23. BP at or lower 90/60.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
hypotension
crackles
ausculatation

24. An example of nursing planning
Axillary.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Eupnea
Evaporation

25. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
60 to 70 mL
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

26. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
+2

27. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
^160/^100
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
carotid

28. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Crisis
low BP
the lungs
Evaporation

29. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
stridor
120/80
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

30. How does size affect pulse?
+3
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Diastolic pressure

31. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Pedal pulse
bradypnea
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Stroke Volume

32. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
bradycardia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Rhonchi

33. This affects the character of the pulse.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Stroke Volume
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
60 to 70 mL

34. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
low
shallow or slow breathing
pyrogens

35. Bend of elbow
Irregular
Systolic pressure
Brachial
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

36. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Stertor
hypoxia
Hypothermia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

37. Low oxygen
hypoxia
apnea
Crisis
+2

38. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Dorsalis pedis
pyrogens
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

39. Prehypertension
lysis
12-20
120-139/80-89
orthostatic hypertension

40. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Diastolic pressure
hypertension
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

41. The average temperature in the older adult
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
96.5 to 97.5
Stroke volume
low BP

42. Average blood pressure should be
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
120/70
Stroke volume

43. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Radial
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hyperoxia

44. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
+3
Cardiac Output
the lungs
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

45. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
constant
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

46. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
fever
Stroke volume
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
dyspnea

47. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
fever
Diastolic pressure

48. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
pyrogens
Pulse
It will also fall
Rhonchi

49. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Axillary.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
+3
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

50. Symptoms of hypoxia
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
dyspnea
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.