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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
16-20
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Diaphoresis

2. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
hypoxia
Biot's
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

3. Hearing
left Sims position
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Convection
ausculatation

4. Stage 2 hypertension
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Conduction
^160/^100

5. Symptoms of hypoxia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Pulse pressure
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

6. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
bradycardia
Stroke volume
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
lysis

7. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

8. How do drugs affect pulse?
tachycardia
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

9. Side of neck
intermittent
hyperoxia
hypoxemia
carotid

10. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
low BP
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

11. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
shallow or slow breathing
16-20
dyspnea

12. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
oximetry
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

13. Those at risk for hypothermia include
orthostatic hypertension
+3
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Stroke Volume

14. When is apicial pulse used?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Apical
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

15. Lobes in the lungs?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
hyperoxia
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

16. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Temporal
Relapsing
Tachypnea

17. How does size affect pulse?
Crisis
carotid
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

18. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
hypotension
stridor
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

19. Adolescent
hypotension
wheeze
16-20
Conduction

20. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Feeble
Biot's respirations

21. Low oxygen
hypoxia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
^160/^100

22. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
It will also fall
Rhonchi

23. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Tachypnea
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
orthostatic hypertension
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

24. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Korotkoff sounds
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
shallow or slow breathing
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

25. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
wheeze
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

26. Groin area
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Systolic pressure
Femoral

27. When should rectal temperatures be used?
pyrogens
Biot's
popliteal
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

28. Inside ankle
remittent
constant
Posterior tibial
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

29. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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30. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
intermittent
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
120-139/80-89
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

31. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
constant
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

32. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
remittent

33. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Eupnea
fever
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

34. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Pedal pulse
pyrogens
Axillary.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

35. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
pyrexia
BMR
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

36. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Tachypnea
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypoxemia
Diastolic pressure

37. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
120/70
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

38. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
120/70
left Sims position
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

39. Head injury BP?
Feeble
raises BP.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

40. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
bradycardia
97.5 to 99.5
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
crackles

41. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It will also fall
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Tachypnea

42. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
low
Core Temperature
Eupnea

43. Taking axillary temperature
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stertor
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

44. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
popliteal
Stertor
+3

45. How is shock caused?
Conduction
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

46. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
+2

47. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
absent
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
crackles
Systolic pressure

48. High oxygen
hyperoxia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypoxemia
left Sims position

49. Healthly adult
12-20
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
BMR
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

50. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Conduction
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Dorsalis pedis
Evaporation

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Measuring Vital Signs

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