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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
120-139/80-89
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
hypoxemia
+3

2. Head injury BP?
Brachial
pyrogens
raises BP.
Biot's respirations

3. Sex BP?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
20-30
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
intermittent

4. How do drugs affect pulse?
Rhonchi
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

5. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
hypoxemia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

6. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
fever
oximeter
Korotkoff sounds
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

7. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
hypoxia

8. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypoxia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Systolic pressure

9. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
140-159/90-99
Hyperventilation
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
hypoxia

10. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
stridor
crackles

11. Stress & emotions. BP?
crackles
higher
Cardiac Output
16-20

12. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
BMR
Hyperventilation

13. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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14. This affects the character of the pulse.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Stroke Volume
Diaphoresis

15. Abrupt decline in fever
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Crisis
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Feeble

16. Enviromental temperature BP?
Radial
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
+3
140-159/90-99

17. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
left Sims position
Conduction
absent
bradycardia

18. Substances tat cause fever
stridor
pyrogens
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

19. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
higher
Brachial
140-159/90-99

20. Groin area
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Femoral
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

21. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
higher
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

22. Symptoms of hypoxia
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
97.5 to 99.5

23. Fever above 100.2 F
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Dorsalis pedis
pyrexia

24. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
remittent
hyperoxia
Temporal
BMR

25. Excessive sweat production
bradypnea
Diaphoresis
Core Temperature
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

26. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
remittent

27. Taking axillary temperature
Pulse pressure
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
hypoxia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

28. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
60 to 70 mL
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Core Temperature

29. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Evaporation
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Respiration
hypotension

30. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
left Sims position
remittent

31. Top of left foot
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
low
Dorsalis pedis
raises BP.

32. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
thready
bradypnea
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

33. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Convection
crackles
shallow or slow breathing
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

34. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
60 to 70 mL
Evaporation

35. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
constant
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

36. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
higher
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

37. Heart
Apical
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
+1

38. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
higher
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
intermittent
+1

39. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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40. Signs and symptoms of shock
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
bradypnea
left Sims position

41. Absence of breathing
120/70
apnea
Biot's
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

42. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
hypertension
Cardiac Output
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
palpate

43. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
apnea
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Tachypnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

44. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
higher
^160/^100
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
wheeze

45. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
140-159/90-99
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

46. Adolescent
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Stroke Volume
fever
16-20

47. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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48. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
96.5 to 97.5
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

49. 3rd stage of fever?
bradycardia
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Stroke volume
hypoxia

50. How should baby's temperature be taken?
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Apical
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Axillary.

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Measuring Vital Signs

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