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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Diastolic pressure

2. High BP
Brachial
120-139/80-89
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
hypertension

3. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Femoral
Rhonchi

4. Side of forehead
120/70
thready
oximeter
Temporal

5. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
60 to 70 mL
Cheyenne-Stokes
Pulse
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

6. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Hypothermia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Relapsing

7. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Respiration
Rhonchi
Stertor
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

8. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Cardiac Output
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Crisis

9. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
popliteal
dyspnea
Axillary.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

10. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Stroke Volume
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Biot's
pyrexia

11. An example of nursing planning
left Sims position
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Hyperventilation
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

12. How does age affect pulse?
popliteal
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Rhonchi
raises BP.

13. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
wheeze
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
hyperoxia
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

14. Newborn
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
30-80
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

15. Weak and may be irregular
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Cardiac Output
thready

16. This affects the character of the pulse.
Posterior tibial
Pulse pressure
Stroke Volume
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

17. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
120/70
Rhonchi
+2

18. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
30-80
absent
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

19. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Temporal
Axillary.
oximetry

20. Bend of elbow
Brachial
shallow or slow breathing
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

21. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
BMR
Biot's

22. Side of wrist
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Rhonchi
hypertension
Radial

23. Hearing
raises BP.
120/70
ausculatation
intermittent

24. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
Hyperventilation
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Crisis

25. What are the 5 vital signs?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
12-20
+1
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

26. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Cheyenne-Stokes

27. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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28. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Core Temperature
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

29. Adolescent
Rhonchi
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
16-20

30. Elderly respiration
16-20
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
hypoxia
higher

31. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
120/70
hypoxemia

32. The average temperature in the older adult
Feeble
wheeze
Pulse pressure
96.5 to 97.5

33. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Diastolic pressure
Eupnea
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

34. Fever above 100.2 F
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
pyrexia
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
dyspnea

35. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
stridor
Stroke Volume
Conduction

36. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
140-159/90-99

37. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Radial
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

38. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
120/70
Femoral
tachycardia
Core Temperature

39. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Posterior tibial
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

40. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Systolic pressure

41. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Axillary.
+1
lysis

42. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
120-139/80-89
intermittent
hypoxia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

43. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Feeble
pyrogens
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

44. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Kussmaul's respiration
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

45. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
remittent
Pedal pulse
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

46. Enviromental temperature BP?
pyrogens
Pedal pulse
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

47. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Systolic pressure
16-20

48. Taking axillary temperature
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
hyperoxia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Respiration

49. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Tachypnea
Core Temperature
Feeble
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

50. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
low
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Convection