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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
+1
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

2. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Pulse pressure
120/70
Cheyenne-Stokes
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

3. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
16-20
left Sims position
hypertension

4. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Biot's
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

5. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Stertor
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
+3
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

6. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
low
the lungs
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

7. Absence of breathing
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Hyperventilation
ausculatation
apnea

8. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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9. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Dorsalis pedis
low
thready

10. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
140-159/90-99
Cardiac Output
+3

11. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
absent
left Sims position
shallow or slow breathing
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

12. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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13. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
dyspnea
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
96.5 to 97.5

14. How does size affect pulse?
Tachypnea
low BP
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Dorsalis pedis

15. BP at or lower 90/60.
Relapsing
hypotension
+3
Irregular

16. Stage 1 hypertension
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Feeble
Rhonchi
140-159/90-99

17. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Pulse pressure
Hyperventilation
shallow or slow breathing
oximeter

18. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
orthostatic hypertension
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
120/80

19. Heart
palpate
Apical
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

20. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Rhonchi
+1
Radial

21. Hearing
ausculatation
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
20-30

22. Bend of knee
20-30
wheeze
popliteal
lysis

23. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
carotid
oximetry
Core Temperature

24. Weak and may be irregular
Brachial
Diaphoresis
thready
Kussmaul's respiration

25. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Conduction
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

26. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
thready
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypoxia
pyrogens

27. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Apical
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Stertor
60 to 70 mL

28. Top of left foot
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Dorsalis pedis
pyrogens
thready

29. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
120/80
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Diaphoresis

30. Elevated temperature
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
fever
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Diaphoresis

31. 2nd stage of fever is?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Irregular
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

32. How do you measure the apical pulse?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
the lungs
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

33. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Hypothermia
Feeble
tachycardia

34. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Femoral
16-20
Brachial

35. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
apnea
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
palpate
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

36. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
72 bpm
Diastolic pressure
constant

37. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Dorsalis pedis
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

38. Barely palpable
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Feeble
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

39. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
pyrogens
constant

40. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Stroke Volume
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
+2
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

41. Those at risk for hypothermia include
12-20
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

42. Measurement of oxygen
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
oximetry
intermittent
remittent

43. Signs and symptoms of shock
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
72 bpm
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

44. Adolescent
hypertension
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
16-20
orthostatic hypertension

45. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Temporal
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

46. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
oximeter
Feeble

47. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
^160/^100
Stroke volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

48. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Respiration
Rhonchi
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Pulse pressure

49. Taking axillary temperature
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
palpate
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

50. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
60 to 70 mL
higher
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

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Measuring Vital Signs

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