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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
Biot's respirations
97.5 to 99.5
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

2. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Rhonchi
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
72 bpm
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

3. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
arrhythmia
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
BMR

4. Risk for prolonged hypertension
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

5. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

6. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
popliteal
Stroke volume
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
hypertension

7. Heart
crackles
Apical
Dorsalis pedis
hypotension

8. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Radial
16-20
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

9. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
shallow or slow breathing
stridor
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

10. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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11. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Kussmaul's respiration
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

12. Normal body temperature ranges?
Kussmaul's respiration
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
97.5 to 99.5
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

13. How does external respiration occur?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

14. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
+1

15. Symptoms of hypoxia
30-80
Biot's respirations
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Hyperventilation

16. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
raises BP.
Respiration
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

17. How does size affect pulse?
It will also fall
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

18. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
120/80
hypoxia
Diastolic pressure
ausculatation

19. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
It will also fall
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
120-139/80-89
Pulse pressure

20. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Crisis
Core Temperature
Systolic pressure
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

21. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
pyrexia
low
Hyperventilation
apnea

22. Enviromental temperature BP?
hypotension
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Core Temperature
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

23. Low oxygen
+2
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
hypoxia
Diastolic pressure

24. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Pulse pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

25. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
+2
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

26. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
+3

27. What are the 5 vital signs?
Pulse pressure
Pedal pulse
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

28. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Femoral
low BP
tachycardia
Relapsing

29. Stress & emotions. BP?
+1
tachycardia
higher
Pedal pulse

30. When is apicial pulse used?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
+3
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

31. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
20-30
left Sims position
carotid
hypoxemia

32. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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33. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
shallow or slow breathing
Korotkoff sounds
lysis

34. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
pyrexia
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Irregular

35. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
Conduction
dyspnea
left Sims position
hypoxia

36. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
ausculatation
hypoxia
bradypnea
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

37. Bend of knee
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
+1
popliteal
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

38. An example of nursing planning
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
arrhythmia
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

39. Newborn
30-80
72 bpm
Brachial
higher

40. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
140-159/90-99
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
BMR
constant

41. The average temperature in the older adult
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
96.5 to 97.5
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
ausculatation

42. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Stroke volume
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
constant
Cardiac Output

43. Inside ankle
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Posterior tibial

44. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
shallow or slow breathing
Hypothermia
Feeble

45. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
low
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

46. Lobes in the lungs?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Brachial
72 bpm
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

47. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
Irregular
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

48. Hearing
Biot's
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
ausculatation
It will also fall

49. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
30-80
Kussmaul's respiration
Stertor
wheeze

50. Healthly adult
crackles
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
12-20
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.