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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
pyrexia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Eupnea

2. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
tachycardia
Stertor
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

3. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Brachial
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

4. How do you measure the apical pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Femoral
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

5. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
96.5 to 97.5
Posterior tibial
Evaporation
Conduction

6. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
thready
bradycardia
^160/^100

7. Absence of breathing
apnea
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Hypothermia
dyspnea

8. BP at or lower 90/60.
hyperoxia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Irregular
hypotension

9. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
carotid
Cheyenne-Stokes
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
140-159/90-99

10. Side of forehead
popliteal
20-30
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Temporal

11. Stage 1 hypertension
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
140-159/90-99
Axillary.
Radial

12. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
oximetry
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

13. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Crisis

14. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
carotid
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
140-159/90-99

15. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
intermittent
hypoxia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

16. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Cardiac Output
Pedal pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the lungs

17. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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18. Bend of elbow
hypoxia
Brachial
carotid
Crisis

19. Signs and symptoms of shock
97.5 to 99.5
Conduction
pyrogens
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

20. Measurement of oxygen
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
oximetry
Dorsalis pedis
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

21. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
bradycardia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

22. Sex BP?
Irregular
raises BP.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

23. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Feeble
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

24. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Core Temperature
Rhonchi
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
intermittent

25. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Radial
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
BMR

26. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Rhonchi
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
orthostatic hypertension
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

27. Symptoms of hypoxia
72 bpm
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
+2
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

28. 1st stage of fever is?
arrhythmia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Irregular
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

29. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Cheyenne-Stokes
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
30-80

30. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Hypothermia
constant
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

31. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
60 to 70 mL
popliteal

32. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
hypoxemia
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

33. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
the lungs
Relapsing
crackles

34. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Relapsing
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Brachial
bradycardia

35. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
oximetry
140-159/90-99
lysis

36. Weak and may be irregular
72 bpm
thready
Stroke volume
120/70

37. Hearing
orthostatic hypertension
Relapsing
ausculatation
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

38. Head injury BP?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
raises BP.
constant
Axillary.

39. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
Crisis
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Pulse

40. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
stridor
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
BMR

41. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
wheeze
Systolic pressure
20-30

42. Groin area
Crisis
Femoral
Feeble
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

43. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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44. Those at risk for hypothermia include
low
bradycardia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Crisis

45. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
thready
Systolic pressure
arrhythmia
the lungs

46. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
crackles
hypoxia

47. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
Systolic pressure
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

48. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Core Temperature
orthostatic hypertension
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

49. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Crisis
140-159/90-99
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

50. When should rectal temperatures be used?
120/70
Tachypnea
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same