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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
bradycardia
the lungs
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

2. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
BMR
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

3. Healthly adult
12-20
140-159/90-99
orthostatic hypertension
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

4. Absence of breathing
arrhythmia
97.5 to 99.5
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
apnea

5. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
shallow or slow breathing
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

6. How do drugs affect pulse?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/80
Biot's respirations
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

7. High BP
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
hypertension
Biot's respirations
low BP

8. Signs and symptoms of shock
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
apnea
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

9. How should respirations be counted?
oximeter
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
hypertension
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

10. Adolescent
hypertension
Dorsalis pedis
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
16-20

11. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
shallow or slow breathing
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

12. Substances tat cause fever
Tachypnea
Temporal
pyrogens
Hyperventilation

13. Excessive sweat production
hypotension
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Diaphoresis
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

14. How does size affect pulse?
hypoxia
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
absent
arrhythmia

15. Groin area
wheeze
Rhonchi
Femoral
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

16. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Respiration
thready
120-139/80-89
It will also fall

17. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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18. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
oximetry
dyspnea
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

19. What are the 5 vital signs?
Stertor
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
pyrogens

20. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
shallow or slow breathing
Respiration

21. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Feeble
the lungs
Stroke volume
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

22. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
absent
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

23. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
crackles

24. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Dorsalis pedis
thready
20-30
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

25. Lobes in the lungs?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Posterior tibial
Stertor
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

26. Bend of knee
popliteal
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Radial
Core Temperature

27. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Feeble
orthostatic hypertension
Hypothermia

28. 3 yr old
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
20-30
Diastolic pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

29. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Eupnea

30. Low oxygen
hypoxia
left Sims position
bradypnea
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

31. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
higher
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

32. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
crackles
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
absent
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

33. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Convection

34. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Feeble
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

35. When is apicial pulse used?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
16-20

36. How should baby's temperature be taken?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Stroke volume
Axillary.
Temporal

37. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Eupnea
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Axillary.
left Sims position

38. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
tachycardia
16-20
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

39. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
raises BP.

40. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
intermittent
Pulse
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

41. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Pulse
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

42. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Evaporation
low
oximeter

43. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
Korotkoff sounds
+1
hypoxia

44. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
orthostatic hypertension
raises BP.
apnea

45. Axillary temperature are
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
60 to 70 mL

46. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
+2

47. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Hyperventilation
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
96.5 to 97.5
Conduction

48. Weak and may be irregular
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
arrhythmia
Core Temperature
thready

49. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Relapsing
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

50. Side of neck
Stroke Volume
carotid
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.