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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Risk for prolonged hypertension
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Stertor
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

2. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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3. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
hyperoxia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
bradycardia

4. How does size affect pulse?
Temporal
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

5. Elevated temperature
+3
fever
hypertension
20-30

6. How do you measure the apical pulse?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
120-139/80-89
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
140-159/90-99

7. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Tachypnea
Apical
Femoral
the lungs

8. BP at or lower 90/60.
Stroke Volume
hypotension
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

9. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Stroke Volume
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
low BP
intermittent

10. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
60 to 70 mL
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
oximetry

11. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Convection
absent

12. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
raises BP.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

13. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
low BP
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
hypoxemia

14. Heart
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
96.5 to 97.5
Apical
Pulse pressure

15. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
+1

16. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
BMR
30-80
Irregular
Hyperventilation

17. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
140-159/90-99
hypoxia
Tachypnea
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

18. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
left Sims position
hyperoxia
Biot's respirations

19. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
120/70
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
hypoxemia
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

20. Average pulse rate for an adult
hypoxia
Feeble
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
72 bpm

21. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Hyperventilation
hypoxemia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

22. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
72 bpm
+1
Diaphoresis
Core Temperature

23. Low oxygen
Biot's
hypoxia
Biot's respirations
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

24. Stage 2 hypertension
Kussmaul's respiration
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
^160/^100

25. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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26. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
stridor
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Convection

27. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
apnea

28. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Axillary.
remittent
apnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

29. Barely palpable
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
97.5 to 99.5
Feeble

30. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
+1
intermittent
bradypnea
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

31. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
Core Temperature
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
hypotension

32. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
bradycardia
Crisis
Tachypnea

33. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Crisis
120-139/80-89
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

34. Hearing
tachycardia
120/80
ausculatation
Conduction

35. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
Biot's
Dorsalis pedis
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

36. Diurnal variation BP?
higher
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
tachycardia
Radial

37. How does external respiration occur?
lysis
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
shallow or slow breathing
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

38. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Feeble
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Cardiac Output

39. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
Kussmaul's respiration
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
arrhythmia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

40. The average temperature in the older adult
Respiration
96.5 to 97.5
Posterior tibial
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

41. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
palpate
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

42. What are the 5 vital signs?
Radial
orthostatic hypertension
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
carotid

43. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
dyspnea
30-80

44. 3rd stage of fever?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Brachial

45. When is apicial pulse used?
Cardiac Output
pyrogens
dyspnea
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

46. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
hypoxia
120/70
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

47. Prehypertension
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Biot's respirations
120-139/80-89
Diaphoresis

48. Elderly respiration
97.5 to 99.5
Stroke volume
hypoxia
16-20

49. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Cardiac Output
lysis
Pulse
hypoxemia

50. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Diaphoresis
Crisis
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
pyrogens