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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Elevated temperature
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
fever
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

2. Absence of breathing
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
apnea
carotid

3. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
hypoxia
Tachypnea

4. How does external respiration occur?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
ausculatation
shallow or slow breathing
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

5. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Biot's respirations
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

6. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
hypertension
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

7. Elderly respiration
oximetry
16-20
intermittent
+3

8. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
hypotension
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

9. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
30-80
Pulse
Tachypnea

10. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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11. Prehypertension
low
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
hypoxemia
120-139/80-89

12. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
hypoxia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

13. State of insufficient oxygen
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
hypoxia
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Brachial

14. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
12-20
hyperoxia

15. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Evaporation
hypertension
arrhythmia

16. Average pulse rate for an adult
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
72 bpm
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

17. Heart
Systolic pressure
Apical
BMR
Axillary.

18. This affects the character of the pulse.
bradypnea
Stroke Volume
Feeble
Crisis

19. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
16-20
30-80
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

20. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Hypothermia
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
+3

21. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
30-80
Cardiac Output

22. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
popliteal
dyspnea
Stroke Volume

23. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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24. Excessive sweat production
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Diaphoresis
+3
Pulse pressure

25. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
hypertension
Diastolic pressure
Tachypnea

26. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
Crisis
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
intermittent
97.5 to 99.5

27. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
16-20
It will also fall
thready
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

28. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
96.5 to 97.5
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

29. Low oxygen
hypoxia
the lungs
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

30. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Kussmaul's respiration
tachycardia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

31. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Systolic pressure
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

32. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Biot's respirations

33. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Radial
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Korotkoff sounds

34. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
+2
Relapsing
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

35. Adolescent
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
16-20
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
hypertension

36. Rectal temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Stroke Volume
the lungs
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

37. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
pyrogens
oximeter
Posterior tibial
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

38. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Conduction
Pulse pressure
Stroke volume
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

39. Inside ankle
hypoxia
Posterior tibial
Pedal pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

40. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
shallow or slow breathing
Pedal pulse
hypoxemia
Pulse

41. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
20-30
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
orthostatic hypertension
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

42. How does age affect pulse?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
shallow or slow breathing
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

43. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
shallow or slow breathing
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

44. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
hypoxemia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

45. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Respiration
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Cheyenne-Stokes

46. How should respirations be counted?
popliteal
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
20-30
Pedal pulse

47. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Stroke Volume
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

48. Risk for prolonged hypertension
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Biot's
pyrexia
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

49. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Apical
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
12-20
Conduction

50. Signs and symptoms of shock
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
60 to 70 mL
+2

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Measuring Vital Signs

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