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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Taking axillary temperature
Diastolic pressure
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
hyperoxia
left Sims position

2. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
shallow or slow breathing
wheeze
Korotkoff sounds

3. What are the 5 vital signs?
apnea
Irregular
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

4. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
120-139/80-89
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
hypotension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

5. This affects the character of the pulse.
Stroke Volume
left Sims position
Biot's
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

6. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Eupnea
Hypothermia
Relapsing
higher

7. Groin area
Femoral
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Irregular
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

8. How does age affect pulse?
Kussmaul's respiration
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Cardiac Output
Cheyenne-Stokes

9. Average blood pressure should be
Posterior tibial
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
oximeter
120/70

10. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Dorsalis pedis
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

11. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
oximeter
apnea
Korotkoff sounds
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

12. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
hypoxia
12-20
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

13. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
96.5 to 97.5
Apical
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

14. BP at or lower 90/60.
Hypothermia
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
hypotension
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

15. How should baby's temperature be taken?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Axillary.
Stroke volume
hypotension

16. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
pyrexia
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

17. Elevated temperature
Temporal
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
fever
tachycardia

18. High BP
Hypothermia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
+1
hypertension

19. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
120/70
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

20. Diurnal variation BP?
Pulse pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
pyrogens
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

21. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
fever
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

22. Side of forehead
Temporal
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
BMR

23. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Pedal pulse
low
+3
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

24. Rectal temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Rhonchi
raises BP.

25. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
pyrogens
Convection
Cheyenne-Stokes
oximeter

26. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Biot's

27. State of insufficient oxygen
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
hypoxia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Biot's respirations

28. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

29. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Convection
bradypnea

30. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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31. Side of neck
Conduction
pyrexia
carotid
hypoxia

32. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Eupnea

33. Enviromental temperature BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
raises BP.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

34. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

35. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

36. Excessive sweat production
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Diaphoresis
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
pyrogens

37. Head injury BP?
Stroke volume
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
raises BP.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

38. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
higher
Evaporation
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

39. Signs and symptoms of shock
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Feeble
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
hypoxia

40. Adolescent
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
16-20
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

41. How do drugs affect pulse?
Femoral
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
carotid

42. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Stroke volume
low BP
Temporal
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

43. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
oximetry
+1
16-20
Core Temperature

44. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Cheyenne-Stokes
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
ausculatation

45. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
120/80
Kussmaul's respiration
tachycardia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

46. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
^160/^100
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Systolic pressure
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

47. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
carotid
Cardiac Output
Biot's respirations

48. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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49. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
BMR
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Pedal pulse
carotid

50. Side of wrist
Radial
Hypothermia
12-20
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

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Measuring Vital Signs

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