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Test your basic knowledge |
Measuring Vital Signs
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
2. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
constant
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hypotension
3. Risk for prolonged hypertension
hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
intermittent
pyrogens
4. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
60 to 70 mL
tachycardia
BMR
Stroke volume
5. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
30-80
low
16-20
60 to 70 mL
6. The average temperature in the older adult
Cardiac Output
oximeter
carotid
96.5 to 97.5
7. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Irregular
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
bradypnea
8. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
remittent
120-139/80-89
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Rhonchi
9. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
low BP
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
BMR
10. Enviromental temperature BP?
Pedal pulse
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
11. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
tachycardia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Convection
12. State of insufficient oxygen
BMR
hypoxia
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
16-20
13. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
orthostatic hypertension
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Relapsing
16-20
14. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
left Sims position
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
15. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
+1
Respiration
Dorsalis pedis
16. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Diastolic pressure
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
17. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
wheeze
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
18. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
12-20
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
19. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Eupnea
Cardiac Output
Pulse pressure
20. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Hyperventilation
97.5 to 99.5
+1
Convection
21. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
It will also fall
22. Excessive sweat production
+2
Femoral
30-80
Diaphoresis
23. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
+2
oximetry
Systolic pressure
24. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
shallow or slow breathing
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
constant
25. Lobes in the lungs?
popliteal
120/80
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
26. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
palpate
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
dyspnea
27. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Evaporation
96.5 to 97.5
28. Feel
raises BP.
palpate
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
29. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
60 to 70 mL
12-20
intermittent
30. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
constant
stridor
low BP
remittent
31. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
pyrogens
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
32. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Stroke volume
33. Prehypertension
12-20
Hypothermia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
120-139/80-89
34. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Rhonchi
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
35. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Pulse pressure
pyrogens
wheeze
36. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
popliteal
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Pedal pulse
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
37. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
bradypnea
+2
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
constant
38. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
wheeze
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
39. BP at or lower 90/60.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hypotension
hypoxia
the lungs
40. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
16-20
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
41. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Cheyenne-Stokes
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
hypoxia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
42. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
tachycardia
120/80
43. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
+3
Posterior tibial
Respiration
44. Barely palpable
Feeble
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Stertor
+2
45. Sex BP?
hypoxia
raises BP.
Systolic pressure
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
46. How is shock caused?
60 to 70 mL
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
97.5 to 99.5
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
47. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
48. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Stertor
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
carotid
49. Signs and symptoms of shock
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
120/80
50. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
carotid
popliteal
Hyperventilation