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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Relapsing
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Temporal

2. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Hypothermia
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
72 bpm
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

3. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

4. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
Core Temperature
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Tachypnea

5. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
remittent
Brachial

6. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Korotkoff sounds
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

7. 1st stage of fever is?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
bradycardia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

8. The average temperature in the older adult
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
96.5 to 97.5
Femoral

9. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Evaporation
Axillary.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

10. Measurement of oxygen
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
oximetry

11. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
12-20
tachycardia
apnea
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

12. Abrupt decline in fever
16-20
Crisis
Convection
Korotkoff sounds

13. How do drugs affect pulse?
30-80
Femoral
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
96.5 to 97.5

14. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Irregular
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
bradypnea

15. Rectal temperature are
tachycardia
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
lysis

16. How should respirations be counted?
wheeze
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

17. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
dyspnea
hyperoxia
Hypothermia
the lungs

18. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

19. BP at or lower 90/60.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypotension
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

20. Side of neck
Crisis
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
carotid
thready

21. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Diastolic pressure
higher

22. Side of wrist
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
+2
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Radial

23. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
Temporal
wheeze
Respiration

24. Substances tat cause fever
+1
pyrogens
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

25. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
BMR
+1
remittent

26. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/80
Pulse pressure

27. Inside ankle
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Biot's
Tachypnea
Posterior tibial

28. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Femoral
arrhythmia

29. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
140-159/90-99
Irregular
12-20
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

30. Heart
Temporal
Apical
+2
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

31. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
hypotension
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

32. Those at risk for hypothermia include
120/70
bradypnea
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

33. Groin area
apnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Femoral

34. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
Posterior tibial
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
crackles
wheeze

35. Top of left foot
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
hypoxia
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Dorsalis pedis

36. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Eupnea
Evaporation
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

37. How does size affect pulse?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Convection
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

38. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
palpate
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

39. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
hypertension
Axillary.
Korotkoff sounds

40. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Core Temperature
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Cardiac Output
Irregular

41. Healthly adult
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
12-20
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
intermittent

42. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
palpate
Biot's respirations
Tachypnea

43. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
intermittent
140-159/90-99
Systolic pressure
arrhythmia

44. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Systolic pressure
remittent
hypoxia
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

45. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Stroke volume
Hyperventilation

46. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Feeble

47. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Respiration
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

48. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
60 to 70 mL
higher
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

49. Newborn
30-80
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

50. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
orthostatic hypertension
lysis
low
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.