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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How should respirations be counted?
Stroke volume
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
120/70
Tachypnea

2. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Diastolic pressure
Systolic pressure
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Evaporation

3. Elderly respiration
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
16-20
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Cardiac Output

4. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
dyspnea
Rhonchi
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

5. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
16-20
Convection
Pulse

6. Excessive sweat production
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Diaphoresis
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
fever

7. Signs and symptoms of shock
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
pyrexia
30-80

8. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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9. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

10. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Systolic pressure
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

11. What are the 5 vital signs?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Core Temperature
Radial
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

12. Gradual return to a normal temperature
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Core Temperature
lysis

13. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
apnea
Pulse
wheeze

14. 2nd stage of fever is?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
120/80
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

15. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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16. People most at risk for hypertension
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
hypotension
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

17. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
72 bpm
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

18. State of insufficient oxygen
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
hypoxia
thready
Femoral

19. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

20. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
shallow or slow breathing
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

21. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
ausculatation
Convection
Korotkoff sounds
120/70

22. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Pedal pulse
popliteal
ausculatation
wheeze

23. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
hypoxemia
hypotension
pyrogens
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

24. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Cheyenne-Stokes

25. Bend of knee
low BP
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

26. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
30-80
Diastolic pressure
72 bpm

27. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Conduction
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

28. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Cheyenne-Stokes
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Feeble
Tachypnea

29. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

30. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
palpate
Stroke Volume
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Radial

31. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
hypoxia
60 to 70 mL
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

32. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Eupnea
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
crackles
carotid

33. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
crackles

34. Normal body temperature ranges?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
intermittent
Korotkoff sounds
97.5 to 99.5

35. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
carotid
Cheyenne-Stokes
120/80
Axillary.

36. 3 yr old
20-30
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Rhonchi
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

37. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
16-20
+1

38. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
hyperoxia
oximetry

39. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
apnea
absent
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
72 bpm

40. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
the lungs
Eupnea
popliteal

41. Inside ankle
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Posterior tibial
hypoxia
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

42. How is pulse best found?
Pedal pulse
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
hyperoxia
140-159/90-99

43. Rectal temperature are
hypertension
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Hyperventilation

44. Adolescent
lysis
140-159/90-99
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
16-20

45. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Stroke Volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Posterior tibial

46. When should rectal temperatures be used?
shallow or slow breathing
dyspnea
Hyperventilation
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

47. Elevated temperature
fever
bradypnea
Relapsing
Diastolic pressure

48. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
16-20
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

49. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
higher
Pulse pressure
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

50. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
Biot's respirations
+3
20-30