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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Adolescent
97.5 to 99.5
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
16-20
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

2. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Systolic pressure

3. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
^160/^100
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Radial

4. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
120/70
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the lungs

5. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
carotid

6. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
intermittent
Systolic pressure
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
dyspnea

7. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Convection
palpate
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

8. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
left Sims position
Respiration
tachycardia

9. What are the 5 vital signs?
Stroke volume
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Biot's respirations

10. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
72 bpm
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
120-139/80-89
Korotkoff sounds

11. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Cardiac Output
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

12. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds

13. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
low
shallow or slow breathing
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Diastolic pressure

14. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
+2
20-30
raises BP.

15. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
120-139/80-89
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
tachycardia

16. Side of forehead
stridor
Femoral
Stroke Volume
Temporal

17. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
arrhythmia
97.5 to 99.5
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

18. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
lysis

19. Hearing
ausculatation
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

20. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
120/80
Hypothermia
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

21. High oxygen
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
hyperoxia
Apical

22. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
low BP
Stroke Volume

23. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
hypotension
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

24. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
oximeter
Cheyenne-Stokes
96.5 to 97.5

25. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
+2
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

26. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
+1

27. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
oximetry
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Evaporation
Hyperventilation

28. 2nd stage of fever is?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
higher
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
crackles

29. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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30. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
hypoxemia
higher
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

31. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
120/80
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

32. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
low BP
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
It will also fall

33. Signs and symptoms of shock
Kussmaul's respiration
left Sims position
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
oximetry

34. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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35. Rectal temperature are
crackles
+3
higher
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

36. This affects the character of the pulse.
Stroke Volume
Feeble
+2
^160/^100

37. BP at or lower 90/60.
BMR
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
hypotension

38. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Posterior tibial
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

39. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
apnea
Tachypnea
Relapsing

40. When should rectal temperatures be used?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Cardiac Output
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

41. Gradual return to a normal temperature
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
120-139/80-89
crackles
lysis

42. 3 yr old
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
stridor
20-30
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

43. Feel
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
palpate
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Irregular

44. Inside ankle
thready
low
Posterior tibial
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

45. Excessive sweat production
left Sims position
Femoral
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Diaphoresis

46. Side of neck
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
tachycardia
carotid

47. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
pyrexia
^160/^100
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

48. How does external respiration occur?
Stroke volume
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

49. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Biot's respirations
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

50. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
lysis
It will also fall
97.5 to 99.5
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.