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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
hypoxemia
^160/^100
Convection
palpate

2. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Systolic pressure
Axillary.
Radial

3. How is pulse best found?
Femoral
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
hyperoxia

4. What are the 5 vital signs?
60 to 70 mL
bradypnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
absent

5. Bend of knee
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
popliteal
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

6. Those at risk for hypothermia include
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Systolic pressure
97.5 to 99.5
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

7. How do drugs affect pulse?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Systolic pressure
orthostatic hypertension
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

8. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Temporal
Stertor
Relapsing
BMR

9. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Stertor
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
30-80

10. 3 yr old
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
20-30
ausculatation
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

11. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Crisis
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

12. Stress & emotions. BP?
Diastolic pressure
low BP
higher
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

13. Average blood pressure should be
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
absent
120/70
Stertor

14. Rectal temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Femoral
low BP
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

15. BP at or lower 90/60.
Tachypnea
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypotension
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

16. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
wheeze

17. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
140-159/90-99
Kussmaul's respiration
Crisis
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

18. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
Core Temperature
16-20
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

19. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Biot's
hypoxia
Systolic pressure

20. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Pulse pressure
BMR
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

21. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
absent
popliteal
+1
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

22. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
BMR
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

23. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

24. Diurnal variation BP?
Diaphoresis
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Convection
120-139/80-89

25. An example of nursing planning
bradypnea
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Stroke volume
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

26. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
tachycardia
dyspnea
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
140-159/90-99

27. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

28. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Biot's respirations
Evaporation
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

29. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Stroke volume
hypotension
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

30. Groin area
tachycardia
Femoral
Radial
crackles

31. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
dyspnea
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

32. The average temperature in the older adult
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Stroke volume
96.5 to 97.5
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

33. Bend of elbow
Stertor
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Brachial

34. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Evaporation
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
wheeze

35. Stage 1 hypertension
hyperoxia
140-159/90-99
12-20
72 bpm

36. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
Dorsalis pedis
crackles
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
12-20

37. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
60 to 70 mL
+1
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

38. Inside ankle
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Pedal pulse
Posterior tibial
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

39. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Kussmaul's respiration
thready
hypotension
It will also fall

40. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

41. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
30-80
shallow or slow breathing
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Temporal

42. Low oxygen
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
raises BP.
hypoxia
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

43. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
palpate
+2
Cardiac Output
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

44. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
arrhythmia
hypotension
Hyperventilation

45. How does age affect pulse?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
apnea
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hypoxemia

46. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Evaporation
crackles
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Respiration

47. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
oximeter
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

48. An example of a nursing diagnoses
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
+1

49. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
^160/^100
Pulse pressure
Brachial

50. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Biot's
120/80
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
left Sims position