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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
bradycardia
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Feeble
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

2. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
96.5 to 97.5
+2
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

3. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
raises BP.
oximetry
Hyperventilation
Crisis

4. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Core Temperature
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Cheyenne-Stokes
Biot's

5. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
oximeter
97.5 to 99.5

6. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
intermittent
hypoxemia
72 bpm
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

7. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Biot's
Diastolic pressure
Hyperventilation
hypoxia

8. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
dyspnea
pyrexia
Pulse pressure
Kussmaul's respiration

9. 3 yr old
dyspnea
20-30
wheeze
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

10. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Cheyenne-Stokes
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

11. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Evaporation

12. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Pulse
hypotension

13. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
BMR
hypotension
ausculatation
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

14. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
hypoxia
the lungs
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

15. When is apicial pulse used?
Radial
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
remittent

16. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
120/70
Systolic pressure
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

17. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
hypotension
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
96.5 to 97.5

18. Axillary temperature are
96.5 to 97.5
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Korotkoff sounds

19. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Hyperventilation
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
raises BP.

20. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Crisis
apnea
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

21. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Pulse pressure
hypoxemia

22. How should respirations be counted?
Feeble
Biot's respirations
72 bpm
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

23. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
16-20
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Rhonchi

24. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Stroke Volume
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

25. Healthly adult
Pulse
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
12-20

26. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
Brachial
pyrogens
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

27. Side of wrist
BMR
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Radial

28. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
hypertension
thready
palpate
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

29. Weak and may be irregular
thready
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Core Temperature
pyrogens

30. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Tachypnea
Korotkoff sounds
Brachial
60 to 70 mL

31. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
bradypnea
low BP
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Core Temperature

32. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Pedal pulse
120/70
dyspnea

33. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Stertor
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

34. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
oximeter
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Eupnea
constant

35. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Korotkoff sounds
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Systolic pressure

36. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
dyspnea
arrhythmia
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

37. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
96.5 to 97.5
bradycardia
pyrexia

38. Average pulse rate for an adult
hypertension
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
72 bpm

39. High oxygen
constant
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hyperoxia
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

40. Elderly respiration
16-20
hypoxemia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Stroke Volume

41. The average temperature in the older adult
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
low
Feeble
96.5 to 97.5

42. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
120/70
It will also fall
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

43. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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44. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

45. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
lysis

46. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Temporal
Rhonchi
crackles
Hypothermia

47. What are the 5 vital signs?
hypertension
wheeze
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Conduction

48. Symptoms of hypoxia
orthostatic hypertension
16-20
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
16-20

49. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Biot's respirations
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Femoral

50. Low oxygen
Diastolic pressure
hypoxia
96.5 to 97.5
wheeze