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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 3 yr old
carotid
20-30
Respiration
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

2. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
the lungs
constant
Eupnea
+1

3. How is pulse best found?
shallow or slow breathing
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
ausculatation

4. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
96.5 to 97.5
Kussmaul's respiration
hypoxemia

5. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Temporal
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Biot's
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

6. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Apical
arrhythmia
Evaporation
lysis

7. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

8. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
ausculatation
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

9. Newborn
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
120/70
30-80
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

10. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
pyrexia
120-139/80-89
hypotension

11. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Rhonchi
absent
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

12. Side of neck
carotid
Crisis
140-159/90-99
bradycardia

13. Sex BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Brachial
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
thready

14. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
left Sims position
dyspnea
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
orthostatic hypertension

15. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Dorsalis pedis
oximetry

16. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
left Sims position

17. Elderly respiration
16-20
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
120/80
crackles

18. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

19. Axillary temperature are
intermittent
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

20. Diurnal variation BP?
72 bpm
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

21. High BP
+3
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
hypertension
Pulse pressure

22. Enviromental temperature BP?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
tachycardia
97.5 to 99.5
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

23. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Crisis
It will also fall
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

24. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Dorsalis pedis
Biot's respirations
Convection
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

25. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
tachycardia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Rhonchi

26. Stress & emotions. BP?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
arrhythmia
higher
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

27. Fever above 100.2 F
bradycardia
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
pyrexia
Hypothermia

28. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
oximetry
+1
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

29. BP at or lower 90/60.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Dorsalis pedis
hypotension
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

30. Prehypertension
pyrexia
Diaphoresis
Posterior tibial
120-139/80-89

31. Absence of breathing
apnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
crackles
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

32. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
12-20
oximeter
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

33. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Convection
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

34. Bend of elbow
Radial
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Brachial

35. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
hypoxemia
BMR

36. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Temporal
Posterior tibial
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Systolic pressure

37. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
+2
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Evaporation

38. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Temporal
Femoral
+2

39. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
12-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

40. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
97.5 to 99.5
Stroke volume

41. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
120-139/80-89
+1
constant
Irregular

42. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
tachycardia
Systolic pressure
12-20

43. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
140-159/90-99
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

44. Low oxygen
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
hypoxia
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

45. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
hyperoxia
bradycardia
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
30-80

46. Elevated temperature
fever
96.5 to 97.5
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
+3

47. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Temporal
72 bpm
Cardiac Output

48. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
+3
stridor

49. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
remittent
Pulse

50. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Brachial
Hyperventilation
shallow or slow breathing
popliteal