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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
Brachial
Hypothermia
120/80
crackles

2. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Diastolic pressure
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

3. High BP
+3
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
hypertension

4. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

5. Elevated temperature
bradycardia
fever
raises BP.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

6. Abrupt decline in fever
palpate
hypoxia
Crisis
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

7. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

8. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Tachypnea
Cardiac Output
carotid

9. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Stroke volume
Systolic pressure
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

10. People most at risk for hypertension
Stroke Volume
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
30-80
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

11. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
tachycardia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
72 bpm

12. Hearing
Radial
ausculatation
dyspnea
pyrogens

13. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Apical
Pedal pulse
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Relapsing

14. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Stroke Volume
low BP
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
constant

15. Average pulse rate for an adult
apnea
97.5 to 99.5
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
72 bpm

16. The average temperature in the older adult
tachycardia
96.5 to 97.5
fever
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

17. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
crackles
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Hyperventilation
higher

18. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Cheyenne-Stokes

19. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
orthostatic hypertension
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Radial
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

20. 3 yr old
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
20-30
low
Temporal

21. Top of left foot
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
+3
Dorsalis pedis
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

22. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Systolic pressure
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

23. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
16-20
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

24. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
low
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
higher
Cardiac Output

25. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
96.5 to 97.5
stridor
120/70
Conduction

26. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
fever
72 bpm
Posterior tibial
Pulse pressure

27. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
remittent
hypoxemia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

28. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Femoral
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
+2

29. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Tachypnea
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
30-80

30. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
wheeze

31. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
absent
Axillary.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Pedal pulse

32. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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33. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Systolic pressure

34. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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35. Signs and symptoms of shock
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Evaporation
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

36. Risk for prolonged hypertension
Rhonchi
bradypnea
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

37. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
hyperoxia
wheeze

38. Those at risk for hypothermia include
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
^160/^100

39. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
96.5 to 97.5
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
shallow or slow breathing

40. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Biot's respirations
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

41. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Core Temperature
left Sims position
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

42. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
60 to 70 mL
bradypnea
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

43. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
fever
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

44. 3rd stage of fever?
Tachypnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
stridor

45. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
crackles
BMR
+3
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

46. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Conduction
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Eupnea
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

47. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
96.5 to 97.5

48. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
palpate
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
stridor

49. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
bradypnea
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Conduction

50. How is shock caused?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Biot's respirations
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b