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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 5 vital signs?
raises BP.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Evaporation
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

2. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Feeble
Korotkoff sounds
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

3. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
stridor
oximetry
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

4. People most at risk for hypertension
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Biot's respirations
Temporal
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

5. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
low BP
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

6. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
shallow or slow breathing
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
oximeter
+2

7. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Korotkoff sounds
120-139/80-89
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

8. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
Diaphoresis
Hypothermia
Radial

9. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Respiration
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Stertor
Feeble

10. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Tachypnea
Cardiac Output
dyspnea
Eupnea

11. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

12. Side of wrist
Radial
Cardiac Output
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

13. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Irregular
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

14. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Systolic pressure
16-20
lysis

15. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Eupnea
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypoxemia
thready

16. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Rhonchi
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

17. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Relapsing
BMR
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

18. Substances tat cause fever
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
pyrogens
higher
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

19. Average pulse rate for an adult
60 to 70 mL
72 bpm
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

20. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
+1
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
lysis
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

21. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Kussmaul's respiration
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

22. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Evaporation
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
+3

23. High BP
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
hypertension
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
fever

24. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Relapsing
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
96.5 to 97.5

25. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

26. Stage 2 hypertension
fever
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
16-20
^160/^100

27. Adolescent
20-30
Temporal
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
16-20

28. Weak and may be irregular
Relapsing
thready
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Diastolic pressure

29. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Conduction

30. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Convection
96.5 to 97.5
bradycardia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

31. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Diastolic pressure
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
bradypnea
hyperoxia

32. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
hypoxia
crackles

33. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
fever
Brachial
Convection

34. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Relapsing
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

35. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
16-20
BMR
Posterior tibial
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

36. Signs and symptoms of shock
Evaporation
Diastolic pressure
120/80
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

37. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
low
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Kussmaul's respiration

38. Bend of elbow
16-20
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Eupnea
Brachial

39. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
oximetry
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Crisis
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

40. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Hypothermia
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Posterior tibial
constant

41. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
oximeter

42. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
low
Feeble
Cardiac Output
bradypnea

43. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
60 to 70 mL
constant
bradycardia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

44. How should baby's temperature be taken?
12-20
72 bpm
arrhythmia
Axillary.

45. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
dyspnea
Hypothermia
Stroke volume

46. Axillary temperature are
140-159/90-99
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

47. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Hyperventilation
hyperoxia
+1
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

48. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
12-20
lysis

49. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
bradycardia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
+1

50. 2nd stage of fever is?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
hypertension
oximeter
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.