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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. BP at or lower 90/60.
lysis
hypotension
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
stridor

2. How do drugs affect pulse?
+3
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
+1
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

3. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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4. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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5. Average pulse rate for an adult
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
72 bpm
thready
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

6. Stage 2 hypertension
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
^160/^100
+3
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

7. Bend of knee
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Biot's respirations
popliteal
Core Temperature

8. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
120/80
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
12-20
constant

9. Healthly adult
12-20
Pedal pulse
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
wheeze

10. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
crackles
Diastolic pressure
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

11. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
orthostatic hypertension
+1
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
pyrexia

12. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
hypotension
Hyperventilation
72 bpm
wheeze

13. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

14. Rectal temperature are
Eupnea
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
hypoxemia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

15. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
It will also fall
the lungs
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

16. How do you measure the apical pulse?
the lungs
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Stroke volume

17. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
fever
Korotkoff sounds
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

18. Average blood pressure should be
Axillary.
120/70
Conduction
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

19. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Conduction
Radial
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
popliteal

20. Gradual return to a normal temperature
shallow or slow breathing
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
lysis
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

21. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
carotid
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Pedal pulse
hypoxia

22. An example of nursing planning
96.5 to 97.5
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Evaporation
Stroke Volume

23. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
20-30
raises BP.
Dorsalis pedis
Eupnea

24. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Feeble
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

25. This affects the character of the pulse.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Stroke Volume
the lungs

26. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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27. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
palpate
20-30
Hypothermia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

28. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Systolic pressure
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

29. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Axillary.
+1
intermittent
Diastolic pressure

30. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
shallow or slow breathing
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

31. How should respirations be counted?
Hypothermia
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Biot's
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

32. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Stertor
Hypothermia

33. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Pulse pressure
left Sims position
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

34. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
hypoxia

35. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
low BP
remittent
Diastolic pressure
Systolic pressure

36. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Hypothermia
BMR
120/80

37. 1st stage of fever is?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
higher
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
20-30

38. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
hypertension
low BP
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

39. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
+2
16-20
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

40. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Stroke volume
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

41. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Core Temperature
crackles
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
97.5 to 99.5

42. Side of forehead
hyperoxia
Temporal
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
^160/^100

43. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Hypothermia
shallow or slow breathing
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
30-80

44. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds
Relapsing

45. Signs and symptoms of shock
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
It will also fall
hypoxia

46. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
+2

47. State of insufficient oxygen
hypertension
hypoxia
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Korotkoff sounds

48. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
97.5 to 99.5
Relapsing
Feeble

49. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
constant
It will also fall

50. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
+2
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Systolic pressure
Rhonchi