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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
16-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Stroke volume
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

2. Stress & emotions. BP?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
higher
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
dyspnea

3. This affects the character of the pulse.
Stroke Volume
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
hypoxemia
16-20

4. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Temporal
bradypnea
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

5. Rectal temperature are
Evaporation
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Relapsing

6. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Stertor
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Hyperventilation
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

7. An example of a nursing diagnoses
30-80
Stroke volume
Feeble
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

8. Side of forehead
Cardiac Output
Tachypnea
Temporal
Kussmaul's respiration

9. Taking axillary temperature
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
It will also fall
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

10. An example of nursing planning
Kussmaul's respiration
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

11. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
raises BP.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

12. Adolescent
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
16-20
tachycardia
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

13. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Eupnea
Cardiac Output
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
oximetry

14. Taking a rectal temperature
Biot's
Hypothermia
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

15. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
120/70
apnea
96.5 to 97.5
Pulse pressure

16. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
hypoxia
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Systolic pressure

17. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
^160/^100
left Sims position
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

18. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
raises BP.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Pulse pressure
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

19. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Radial
hypertension
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
raises BP.

20. Fever above 100.2 F
tachycardia
pyrexia
pyrogens
hypoxia

21. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Hypothermia
Convection
Cheyenne-Stokes
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

22. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
16-20
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Core Temperature
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

23. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Systolic pressure
bradypnea
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

24. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Crisis
constant
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
72 bpm

25. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
left Sims position
oximeter
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

26. Feel
Biot's
palpate
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
hypoxia

27. Inside ankle
hypoxia
bradypnea
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Posterior tibial

28. 3 yr old
Convection
20-30
Core Temperature
low BP

29. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
30-80
Pulse
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

30. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
bradypnea
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Respiration
72 bpm

31. Excessive sweat production
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Diaphoresis

32. Absence of breathing
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
apnea
crackles
Temporal

33. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
constant

34. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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35. Top of left foot
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Convection
Dorsalis pedis
Eupnea

36. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
+2
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds

37. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Stroke Volume
16-20
Convection
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

38. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
hypoxemia

39. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
Systolic pressure
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
^160/^100

40. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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41. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Diastolic pressure
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
shallow or slow breathing

42. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
Stroke volume
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

43. Lobes in the lungs?
Brachial
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Pulse pressure
hypoxia

44. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Posterior tibial
arrhythmia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

45. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Hypothermia
intermittent

46. Average blood pressure should be
+1
120/70
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Kussmaul's respiration

47. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
raises BP.
arrhythmia

48. Heart
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Apical

49. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
It will also fall
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

50. Side of neck
hyperoxia
carotid
absent
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.