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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Conduction
tachycardia
oximetry
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

2. Enviromental temperature BP?
Hyperventilation
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
120-139/80-89

3. Hearing
Cardiac Output
ausculatation
Brachial
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

4. Side of forehead
Pulse
96.5 to 97.5
72 bpm
Temporal

5. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
hypertension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Cheyenne-Stokes
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

6. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
60 to 70 mL
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

7. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Eupnea
wheeze

8. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
left Sims position
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Stroke volume
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

9. When should rectal temperatures be used?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
120/70
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

10. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Femoral
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

11. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
orthostatic hypertension
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Irregular

12. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
popliteal
^160/^100

13. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
+1
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

14. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
dyspnea
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
oximetry

15. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
Rhonchi
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

16. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Feeble
absent
Respiration

17. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Korotkoff sounds
Irregular
20-30
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

18. State of insufficient oxygen
oximeter
Biot's
hypoxia
hypertension

19. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
raises BP.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

20. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
hypoxia
tachycardia
the lungs
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

21. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Posterior tibial
96.5 to 97.5
120/80
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

22. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
thready
Relapsing
stridor

23. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
low BP
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

24. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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25. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Radial
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

26. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
hypertension
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Hypothermia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

27. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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28. Lobes in the lungs?
Eupnea
orthostatic hypertension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

29. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
hypoxia

30. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
+3
Conduction
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

31. Average blood pressure should be
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Crisis
120/70
ausculatation

32. Stress & emotions. BP?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
higher
Hyperventilation
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

33. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
oximetry
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
thready

34. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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35. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Posterior tibial
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
oximeter
bradypnea

36. High BP
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Posterior tibial
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
hypertension

37. Fever above 100.2 F
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Pedal pulse
pyrexia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

38. Average pulse rate for an adult
low BP
30-80
72 bpm
Diastolic pressure

39. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Temporal
Posterior tibial
Systolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds

40. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
shallow or slow breathing

41. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Tachypnea

42. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
low
72 bpm
oximeter

43. Adolescent
16-20
Temporal
fever
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

44. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
+3
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

45. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
+1
Femoral
shallow or slow breathing
Relapsing

46. Barely palpable
Feeble
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

47. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
Respiration
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

48. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
120/80
97.5 to 99.5
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

49. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
It will also fall
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

50. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
pyrogens
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Systolic pressure
the lungs

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Measuring Vital Signs

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