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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 3 yr old
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Respiration
20-30

2. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
ausculatation
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
It will also fall

3. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
shallow or slow breathing
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
^160/^100
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

4. How is pulse best found?
+3
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
120/70
Relapsing

5. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
dyspnea
Convection
Stroke volume

6. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
hypoxemia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
higher
96.5 to 97.5

7. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
oximeter
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

8. Groin area
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
oximetry
Femoral
hyperoxia

9. Healthly adult
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
12-20
30-80
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

10. When should rectal temperatures be used?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
carotid
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Femoral

11. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Cheyenne-Stokes
^160/^100
stridor

12. Feel
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
raises BP.
palpate
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

13. High oxygen
bradypnea
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
120/80
hyperoxia

14. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
carotid
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
stridor

15. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Biot's

16. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
hypoxia
hypotension
orthostatic hypertension

17. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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18. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
apnea
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

19. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
tachycardia
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Korotkoff sounds

20. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Pulse
hypoxemia
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

21. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
lysis
low BP
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

22. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
16-20
Relapsing
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

23. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
pyrexia
Tachypnea
hypoxia
Kussmaul's respiration

24. Lobes in the lungs?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
palpate
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

25. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
higher
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
palpate

26. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
^160/^100
+1
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

27. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds
Biot's respirations
Respiration

28. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
stridor
pyrogens
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

29. What are the 5 vital signs?
120/70
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
96.5 to 97.5

30. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Pulse
absent
It will also fall

31. Signs and symptoms of shock
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Diastolic pressure
tachycardia
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

32. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
left Sims position
hypoxia

33. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
It will also fall
tachycardia
the lungs
Rhonchi

34. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
bradycardia
hypoxemia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Hyperventilation

35. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
absent
Core Temperature
crackles

36. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
60 to 70 mL

37. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

38. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
left Sims position
30-80
the lungs
Irregular

39. Stage 1 hypertension
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
higher
palpate
140-159/90-99

40. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
Hypothermia
It will also fall
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

41. Enviromental temperature BP?
Conduction
120/80
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

42. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
72 bpm
+3
Eupnea

43. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Systolic pressure
Diaphoresis
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

44. Rectal temperature are
the lungs
Diaphoresis
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

45. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
oximetry
dyspnea
apnea
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

46. The average temperature in the older adult
Core Temperature
96.5 to 97.5
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

47. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
Axillary.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

48. Head injury BP?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
raises BP.
It will also fall
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

49. Sex BP?
absent
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

50. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
hypoxemia
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing