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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Tachypnea
Respiration

2. Signs and symptoms of shock
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Stroke volume
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
12-20

3. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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4. How should baby's temperature be taken?
low
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Stertor
Axillary.

5. Healthly adult
Pulse
20-30
Rhonchi
12-20

6. Heart
Core Temperature
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Apical

7. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
tachycardia
fever

8. Bend of knee
popliteal
oximeter
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

9. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Stroke volume
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
intermittent

10. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
Apical
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
shallow or slow breathing
Evaporation

11. How do you measure the apical pulse?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Biot's
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
+2

12. An example of nursing planning
Diastolic pressure
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Hyperventilation

13. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
Convection
absent
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
pyrogens

14. 2nd stage of fever is?
pyrexia
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

15. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
+2
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

16. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the lungs

17. Normal body temperature ranges?
hypoxia
Conduction
ausculatation
97.5 to 99.5

18. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
palpate
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
low

19. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
60 to 70 mL
Kussmaul's respiration
Apical

20. Rectal temperature are
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
shallow or slow breathing
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

21. Elevated temperature
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
120-139/80-89
wheeze
fever

22. Newborn
120-139/80-89
palpate
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
30-80

23. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
+3
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Temporal

24. Low oxygen
hypoxia
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Biot's
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

25. BP at or lower 90/60.
Relapsing
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
hypotension
+1

26. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Systolic pressure
Cheyenne-Stokes
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

27. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
left Sims position
Systolic pressure
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

28. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Stertor
Hyperventilation

29. Diurnal variation BP?
Stroke volume
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
tachycardia

30. Barely palpable
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
wheeze
Feeble

31. Bend of elbow
Brachial
hyperoxia
orthostatic hypertension
Eupnea

32. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Apical
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

33. 3 yr old
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
20-30
Relapsing
ausculatation

34. This affects the character of the pulse.
Stroke Volume
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
thready

35. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Cheyenne-Stokes
bradycardia
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

36. Weak and may be irregular
Apical
96.5 to 97.5
Relapsing
thready

37. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Temporal
BMR
higher

38. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
constant
absent

39. Adolescent
Pedal pulse
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
16-20
Rhonchi

40. Hearing
Biot's
ausculatation
carotid
Relapsing

41. Risk for prolonged hypertension
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
hypertension

42. Absence of breathing
crackles
apnea
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Temporal

43. Groin area
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Cardiac Output
Femoral
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

44. How does external respiration occur?
Pedal pulse
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
20-30
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

45. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Rhonchi
arrhythmia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
wheeze

46. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Rhonchi
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Korotkoff sounds

47. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Cheyenne-Stokes
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Core Temperature

48. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
left Sims position
Diaphoresis

49. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Respiration
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypoxia
pyrogens

50. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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