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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
bradycardia

2. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Diastolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Axillary.

3. Prehypertension
stridor
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
120-139/80-89

4. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

5. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
bradycardia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Axillary.

6. Inside ankle
Irregular
Diastolic pressure
hypertension
Posterior tibial

7. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
apnea
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
bradypnea
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

8. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

9. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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10. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Axillary.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
60 to 70 mL

11. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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12. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Hypothermia
intermittent

13. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
bradypnea
stridor
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
ausculatation

14. Diurnal variation BP?
palpate
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
higher

15. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Stroke volume
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
+2

16. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Stertor
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

17. Sex BP?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Tachypnea

18. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
pyrexia
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
apnea

19. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

20. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
hypertension
12-20

21. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
thready
Cheyenne-Stokes
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
oximeter

22. When is apicial pulse used?
constant
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

23. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Brachial
constant
apnea
wheeze

24. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
120/80
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Core Temperature
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

25. Side of forehead
hypotension
Temporal
97.5 to 99.5
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

26. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
stridor
Relapsing
72 bpm

27. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
raises BP.

28. How is shock caused?
Rhonchi
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
absent
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

29. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
hypoxia
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Radial
It will also fall

30. This affects the character of the pulse.
120-139/80-89
intermittent
hypoxia
Stroke Volume

31. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
+1
tachycardia
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
oximeter

32. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
remittent
higher
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

33. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Hypothermia
Pulse pressure

34. Enviromental temperature BP?
Brachial
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Stroke volume

35. Elderly respiration
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Stroke volume
16-20
Systolic pressure

36. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
BMR
120/80
Biot's respirations

37. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
oximetry
20-30
Apical

38. Groin area
Femoral
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
60 to 70 mL
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

39. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Korotkoff sounds
Cardiac Output
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

40. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
oximeter
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
carotid

41. Taking axillary temperature
pyrexia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
low

42. Stage 2 hypertension
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
^160/^100
stridor
palpate

43. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Axillary.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

44. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
16-20
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
crackles
arrhythmia

45. Abrupt decline in fever
Biot's respirations
Crisis
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
popliteal

46. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
+3
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

47. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Apical
orthostatic hypertension

48. The average temperature in the older adult
Tachypnea
96.5 to 97.5
Relapsing
pyrogens

49. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
intermittent
Korotkoff sounds
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

50. How is pulse best found?
absent
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.