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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Stertor
16-20

2. How does external respiration occur?
palpate
Axillary.
raises BP.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

3. State of insufficient oxygen
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
pyrexia
Stroke Volume
hypoxia

4. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Core Temperature
orthostatic hypertension
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

5. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Convection
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
orthostatic hypertension

6. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Cardiac Output
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

7. Prehypertension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
120-139/80-89
oximeter

8. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
hypoxemia
ausculatation
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
oximetry

9. How is pulse best found?
Diastolic pressure
higher
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

10. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
Biot's respirations
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Brachial

11. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Pedal pulse

12. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
pyrogens
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

13. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
BMR
Relapsing

14. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

15. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
left Sims position
Axillary.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

16. Inside ankle
120/80
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Posterior tibial
oximetry

17. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
hypoxemia

18. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
ausculatation
Brachial
bradypnea

19. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
12-20

20. Average pulse rate for an adult
+3
72 bpm
^160/^100
120-139/80-89

21. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
pyrogens
Stroke volume
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
ausculatation

22. Diurnal variation BP?
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
16-20
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

23. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
+1
120/80
^160/^100
Irregular

24. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
popliteal
16-20
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

25. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

26. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Hypothermia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Systolic pressure
raises BP.

27. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
Posterior tibial
hypotension
Pulse pressure

28. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
intermittent
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Cheyenne-Stokes

29. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Stertor
ausculatation
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

30. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Biot's
Axillary.
Pulse pressure

31. This affects the character of the pulse.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Stroke Volume
16-20

32. Healthly adult
higher
12-20
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
bradypnea

33. Taking axillary temperature
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
+2
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
popliteal

34. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Stroke volume
60 to 70 mL
Systolic pressure

35. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
120/80
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
crackles
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

36. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Korotkoff sounds
Pulse pressure
Femoral

37. Side of neck
fever
ausculatation
crackles
carotid

38. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
hypoxemia
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

39. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
pyrexia
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

40. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

41. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

42. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
fever
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

43. Abrupt decline in fever
Relapsing
Crisis
120/80
97.5 to 99.5

44. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
+2
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
thready

45. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
absent
constant
Cheyenne-Stokes
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

46. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
Diastolic pressure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

47. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Pulse pressure
+3
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
oximeter

48. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
tachycardia
+2
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
dyspnea

49. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Cardiac Output
Femoral
Axillary.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

50. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Kussmaul's respiration
Relapsing
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
remittent