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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
low
Hyperventilation
120/70
hypoxia

2. Feel
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
12-20
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
palpate

3. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Stroke volume
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

4. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

5. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Radial
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

6. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

7. Hearing
ausculatation
lysis
intermittent
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

8. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
orthostatic hypertension
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
120/80
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

9. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Stroke volume
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

10. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
60 to 70 mL
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
low

11. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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12. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
ausculatation
Eupnea
hypoxemia
the lungs

13. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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14. Enviromental temperature BP?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Rhonchi
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

15. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Crisis
Cheyenne-Stokes
+2

16. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Crisis
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

17. Normal body temperature ranges?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Pulse pressure
97.5 to 99.5

18. Inside ankle
Rhonchi
Brachial
Posterior tibial
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

19. When should rectal temperatures be used?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Biot's
Dorsalis pedis
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

20. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
120/70
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

21. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
low BP
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

22. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
It will also fall
12-20

23. 2nd stage of fever is?
hypoxia
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
60 to 70 mL
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

24. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
orthostatic hypertension
Cardiac Output
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

25. Sex BP?
wheeze
palpate
Crisis
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

26. People most at risk for hypertension
low BP
wheeze
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

27. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Relapsing
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
120/70

28. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

29. Axillary temperature are
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
+1
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
stridor

30. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Axillary.
16-20
Core Temperature

31. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
lysis
Convection

32. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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33. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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34. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
the lungs
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
tachycardia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

35. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Stertor
BMR
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

36. Stage 2 hypertension
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
^160/^100
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

37. Stress & emotions. BP?
higher
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
stridor
Crisis

38. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Hyperventilation
ausculatation
^160/^100

39. Adolescent
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Relapsing
16-20

40. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
12-20
Conduction
Hyperventilation
bradycardia

41. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
intermittent
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

42. An example of a nursing diagnoses
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

43. How does age affect pulse?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

44. 3rd stage of fever?
carotid
left Sims position
shallow or slow breathing
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

45. How is pulse best found?
raises BP.
Feeble
120/70
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

46. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

47. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
120/80
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
hyperoxia

48. An example of nursing planning
carotid
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
^160/^100
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

49. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
higher
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Eupnea
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

50. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
intermittent
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
96.5 to 97.5
dyspnea