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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
tachycardia
97.5 to 99.5
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

2. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Korotkoff sounds
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
orthostatic hypertension
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

3. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
lysis
20-30
palpate

4. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
Hyperventilation
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
low BP

5. How does age affect pulse?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Diastolic pressure
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

6. Heart
Hypothermia
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Biot's
Apical

7. Side of neck
carotid
96.5 to 97.5
Biot's
lysis

8. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
low BP
pyrexia
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

9. Side of forehead
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Temporal
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

10. Bend of elbow
Brachial
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Relapsing
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

11. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
carotid
hyperoxia
absent
pyrogens

12. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
It will also fall
Core Temperature
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

13. State of insufficient oxygen
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Kussmaul's respiration
low BP
hypoxia

14. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
Kussmaul's respiration
Respiration
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

15. Elderly respiration
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
carotid
16-20
Feeble

16. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
left Sims position
16-20
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Tachypnea

17. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
hypoxia
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Stertor

18. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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19. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
raises BP.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
12-20

20. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
fever
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

21. Symptoms of hypoxia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Biot's respirations
crackles

22. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
hypertension
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
+1

23. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
low BP
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

24. Adolescent
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
16-20
absent

25. Diurnal variation BP?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Cheyenne-Stokes
Hypothermia

26. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
oximetry

27. Measurement of oxygen
Diastolic pressure
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
oximetry
Radial

28. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

29. Enviromental temperature BP?
Korotkoff sounds
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Systolic pressure
Convection

30. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Cardiac Output
Conduction
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

31. Stage 2 hypertension
apnea
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
^160/^100
arrhythmia

32. Side of wrist
97.5 to 99.5
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
72 bpm
Radial

33. People most at risk for hypertension
Brachial
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
^160/^100
140-159/90-99

34. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
left Sims position
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

35. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Diastolic pressure
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
97.5 to 99.5
intermittent

36. 1st stage of fever is?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
shallow or slow breathing
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

37. This affects the character of the pulse.
orthostatic hypertension
Pulse
Stroke Volume
Dorsalis pedis

38. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
Conduction
140-159/90-99
+1

39. Elevated temperature
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
120/80
fever
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

40. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Feeble
Pulse
Radial

41. Weak and may be irregular
Respiration
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hyperoxia
thready

42. Barely palpable
low
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Feeble
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

43. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Pulse pressure
arrhythmia
ausculatation

44. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
+2
wheeze
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
lysis

45. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
low

46. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Temporal
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Respiration

47. Stage 1 hypertension
Convection
140-159/90-99
Feeble
Pulse pressure

48. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
BMR
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Diaphoresis

49. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
16-20
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
higher

50. Fever above 100.2 F
16-20
30-80
crackles
pyrexia