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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Diurnal variation BP?
^160/^100
popliteal
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Pulse

2. 2nd stage of fever is?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
dyspnea
shallow or slow breathing

3. Those at risk for hypothermia include
the lungs
popliteal
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

4. Average blood pressure should be
Pulse pressure
apnea
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
120/70

5. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
pyrogens

6. Top of left foot
30-80
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Dorsalis pedis
oximeter

7. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Cheyenne-Stokes
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

8. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
constant
Dorsalis pedis
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

9. Absence of breathing
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
apnea
16-20

10. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
higher
Apical
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
It will also fall

11. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Core Temperature
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Conduction
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

12. Bend of knee
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
popliteal
Pedal pulse
Radial

13. Abrupt decline in fever
30-80
Crisis
Irregular
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

14. This affects the character of the pulse.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Systolic pressure
Axillary.
Stroke Volume

15. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
crackles
bradycardia
palpate

16. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
97.5 to 99.5
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

17. Taking axillary temperature
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Posterior tibial

18. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Dorsalis pedis
lysis
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

19. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
pyrogens
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
+2

20. Measurement of oxygen
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
oximetry
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
120/70

21. Bend of elbow
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Brachial
Stertor

22. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
remittent
bradypnea
120-139/80-89

23. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
oximeter
carotid
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

24. What are the 5 vital signs?
shallow or slow breathing
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
+3

25. Groin area
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Femoral
Dorsalis pedis

26. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Crisis
Biot's respirations
absent
Pulse pressure

27. High BP
hypertension
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

28. Healthly adult
12-20
hypoxia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

29. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Stroke Volume
Radial
Relapsing
Rhonchi

30. How does age affect pulse?
arrhythmia
Relapsing
absent
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

31. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Stroke Volume
Cheyenne-Stokes
140-159/90-99
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

32. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
60 to 70 mL
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Axillary.
low BP

33. How do drugs affect pulse?
Diastolic pressure
carotid
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

34. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
tachycardia
oximeter
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

35. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
60 to 70 mL
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
bradycardia

36. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
hypertension
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Tachypnea

37. Side of forehead
Pulse
hypoxemia
Temporal
+3

38. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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39. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Biot's respirations
Conduction
constant

40. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
Stroke Volume
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Pulse

41. BP at or lower 90/60.
^160/^100
hypotension
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
120/80

42. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Diaphoresis
hypertension
96.5 to 97.5

43. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
shallow or slow breathing
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
constant
Core Temperature

44. How is pulse best found?
Stroke Volume
crackles
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

45. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
raises BP.
Diastolic pressure
the lungs
Brachial

46. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
16-20
Femoral
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

47. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
+3
Pulse pressure

48. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Pedal pulse
Crisis
Eupnea

49. Hearing
Pedal pulse
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
stridor
ausculatation

50. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Stroke volume
120/70
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.