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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
low BP
apnea
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
bradycardia

2. Low oxygen
^160/^100
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hypoxemia
hypoxia

3. Side of forehead
crackles
Temporal
stridor
low BP

4. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
orthostatic hypertension
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Pulse
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

5. Weak and may be irregular
thready
Radial
Biot's
96.5 to 97.5

6. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
left Sims position
absent
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Systolic pressure

7. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
Temporal
Biot's respirations
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

8. Substances tat cause fever
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Feeble
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
pyrogens

9. Bend of elbow
120/80
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
^160/^100
Brachial

10. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Biot's

11. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
12-20
Crisis
Pedal pulse
Cardiac Output

12. This affects the character of the pulse.
Stroke Volume
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Crisis

13. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
120-139/80-89
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
60 to 70 mL

14. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Pedal pulse
Temporal
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

15. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
+3
Relapsing
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
constant

16. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
crackles
Stroke volume
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

17. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
pyrexia
ausculatation
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Respiration

18. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Respiration
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Femoral

19. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
shallow or slow breathing
thready
+2
Apical

20. Sex BP?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

21. Adolescent
16-20
140-159/90-99
Diastolic pressure
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

22. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Diastolic pressure
Tachypnea
30-80

23. Feel
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
palpate
120/80
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

24. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
thready
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
hypoxia
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

25. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
intermittent
Femoral
wheeze

26. 3 yr old
Stertor
lysis
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
20-30

27. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

28. Axillary temperature are
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Relapsing
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

29. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
+1
Diastolic pressure
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

30. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Biot's respirations
Tachypnea
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
pyrogens

31. Barely palpable
Feeble
Eupnea
fever
Kussmaul's respiration

32. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Stroke Volume
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
low BP
Pedal pulse

33. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
hyperoxia
hypotension

34. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Conduction
Cheyenne-Stokes
apnea
hypoxia

35. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
pyrogens
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

36. The average temperature in the older adult
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
96.5 to 97.5
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

37. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
hypertension
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

38. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
Axillary.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Evaporation

39. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
remittent
Irregular
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

40. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
crackles
lysis

41. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Stertor
the lungs
oximeter
Femoral

42. High BP
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Brachial
hypertension
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

43. An example of nursing planning
dyspnea
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Cheyenne-Stokes

44. Bend of knee
carotid
120/70
popliteal
intermittent

45. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Kussmaul's respiration

46. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Korotkoff sounds
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
remittent
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

47. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
tachycardia
pyrexia
low BP

48. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
stridor
96.5 to 97.5
+3

49. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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50. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Conduction
120/80
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Rhonchi