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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Bend of knee
ausculatation
stridor
hypotension
popliteal

2. Enviromental temperature BP?
stridor
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
120-139/80-89
left Sims position

3. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
+3
dyspnea
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

4. Hearing
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
ausculatation
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

5. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Feeble
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

6. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
oximetry
120/80
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

7. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Evaporation
Systolic pressure
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
low BP

8. Side of neck
hypoxemia
Relapsing
carotid
Stroke Volume

9. How should respirations be counted?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
120/70
Irregular

10. 1st stage of fever is?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Apical
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

11. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Stroke volume
Temporal

12. High BP
wheeze
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
hypertension
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

13. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
bradypnea
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

14. Head injury BP?
97.5 to 99.5
raises BP.
12-20
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

15. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
higher
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

16. Elderly respiration
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
120-139/80-89
16-20

17. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Cheyenne-Stokes
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Korotkoff sounds
constant

18. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

19. Weak and may be irregular
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
stridor
carotid
thready

20. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
120/70
Pulse
bradypnea
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

21. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Kussmaul's respiration
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

22. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Core Temperature
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
hypoxemia
Diastolic pressure

23. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
fever
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
crackles
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

24. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
^160/^100
absent
Cardiac Output
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

25. Newborn
+3
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
30-80

26. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Dorsalis pedis
palpate

27. Measurement of oxygen
Korotkoff sounds
30-80
oximetry
120/80

28. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
shallow or slow breathing
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds
Core Temperature

29. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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30. Side of wrist
bradycardia
Radial
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

31. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
intermittent

32. Bend of elbow
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Stroke Volume
Brachial
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

33. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
It will also fall
Diastolic pressure
120-139/80-89
30-80

34. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

35. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Cheyenne-Stokes
It will also fall
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Convection

36. Adolescent
palpate
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
16-20
30-80

37. BP at or lower 90/60.
16-20
hypotension
carotid
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

38. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
30-80
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

39. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
pyrexia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
oximeter

40. The average temperature in the older adult
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Biot's
96.5 to 97.5
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

41. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Rhonchi
popliteal

42. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
oximeter
Brachial
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
16-20

43. When is apicial pulse used?
Conduction
16-20
Respiration
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

44. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
ausculatation
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
140-159/90-99
orthostatic hypertension

45. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
lysis
Convection
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Dorsalis pedis

46. Heart
140-159/90-99
bradycardia
Apical
It will also fall

47. Excessive sweat production
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Diaphoresis

48. How does age affect pulse?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
oximetry
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

49. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Respiration
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
lysis

50. Sex BP?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
72 bpm
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

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Measuring Vital Signs

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