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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Measurement of oxygen
palpate
16-20
oximetry
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

2. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
palpate
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Tachypnea
Diastolic pressure

3. Healthly adult
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
12-20
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

4. Head injury BP?
Rhonchi
raises BP.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Apical

5. BP at or lower 90/60.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
low
+1
hypotension

6. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
20-30
hypotension
Diaphoresis
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

7. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Biot's respirations
Irregular

8. Stage 2 hypertension
hyperoxia
^160/^100
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Pulse pressure

9. When is apicial pulse used?
Biot's
left Sims position
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Cheyenne-Stokes

10. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
wheeze

11. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
hypoxia

12. Fever above 100.2 F
shallow or slow breathing
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
pyrexia

13. Average blood pressure should be
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
120/70
higher

14. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
thready
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

15. Inside ankle
Core Temperature
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Posterior tibial
thready

16. Enviromental temperature BP?
60 to 70 mL
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Eupnea

17. Stress & emotions. BP?
ausculatation
higher
Diaphoresis
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

18. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
+3
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

19. When should rectal temperatures be used?
20-30
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Systolic pressure

20. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
+2
arrhythmia
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

21. Bend of elbow
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Brachial
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

22. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
bradypnea
apnea
popliteal

23. Excessive sweat production
arrhythmia
Diaphoresis
constant
140-159/90-99

24. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Respiration
crackles
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

25. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

26. How does size affect pulse?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

27. Symptoms of hypoxia
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

28. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
pyrexia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Diastolic pressure
low

29. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
Kussmaul's respiration
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
thready
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

30. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Crisis
Diastolic pressure
ausculatation

31. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
60 to 70 mL
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

32. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
It will also fall
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

33. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
shallow or slow breathing
hypotension
the lungs
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

34. How should respirations be counted?
Tachypnea
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Evaporation
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

35. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
constant
72 bpm
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

36. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
higher
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
72 bpm
Pulse

37. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
hypoxia

38. 3 yr old
Relapsing
^160/^100
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
20-30

39. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
120/70
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

40. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Stroke volume

41. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Crisis
Convection
Cardiac Output

42. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

43. Heart
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
wheeze
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Apical

44. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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45. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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46. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
60 to 70 mL
It will also fall
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

47. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
low BP
Cardiac Output
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

48. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Cardiac Output
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Eupnea
arrhythmia

49. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
Diaphoresis
Korotkoff sounds
dyspnea
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

50. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
bradycardia
Diastolic pressure
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.