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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
140-159/90-99
thready
Korotkoff sounds

2. Side of neck
carotid
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
It will also fall
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

3. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
stridor

4. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
140-159/90-99
20-30
BMR
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

5. People most at risk for hypertension
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Tachypnea
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

6. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
intermittent

7. Elevated temperature
the lungs
fever
stridor
Stroke volume

8. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
120-139/80-89
+2
Conduction
Biot's respirations

9. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
crackles
60 to 70 mL
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

10. Fever above 100.2 F
oximeter
pyrexia
12-20
Rhonchi

11. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
BMR
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Convection

12. This affects the character of the pulse.
Stertor
low
Stroke Volume
BMR

13. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Relapsing

14. 2nd stage of fever is?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

15. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
higher
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

16. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Diaphoresis
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
120/70

17. Top of left foot
fever
tachycardia
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Dorsalis pedis

18. Diurnal variation BP?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

19. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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20. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
96.5 to 97.5
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
remittent
Pulse pressure

21. Lobes in the lungs?
120/70
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Femoral
low BP

22. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
oximetry
dyspnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

23. Prehypertension
the lungs
Core Temperature
hypoxia
120-139/80-89

24. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
bradycardia
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Feeble
pyrogens

25. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
hypertension
low BP
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

26. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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27. How does size affect pulse?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
96.5 to 97.5
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

28. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
carotid
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Pulse pressure

29. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

30. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Irregular
crackles

31. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
the lungs
+1
Cheyenne-Stokes
72 bpm

32. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Pedal pulse
Axillary.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
140-159/90-99

33. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
wheeze
Cheyenne-Stokes
tachycardia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

34. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
97.5 to 99.5
the lungs
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
thready

35. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Stroke volume
Hyperventilation
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

36. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
apnea
Stertor
pyrogens

37. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
20-30
low
Axillary.
Biot's respirations

38. When is apicial pulse used?
Posterior tibial
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
hypoxemia
Apical

39. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Rhonchi
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
120/70
Korotkoff sounds

40. Enviromental temperature BP?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Diaphoresis

41. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Stroke volume
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

42. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Rhonchi
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Pulse pressure

43. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Stertor
raises BP.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

44. How does age affect pulse?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hypotension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

45. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
low
120/80
Stroke volume
orthostatic hypertension

46. Risk for prolonged hypertension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Evaporation
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

47. How should respirations be counted?
Stertor
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Biot's respirations
Eupnea

48. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
hyperoxia
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Convection

49. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Diaphoresis
Axillary.

50. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Convection
apnea
tachycardia