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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
constant
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Respiration

2. How should respirations be counted?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
oximetry
97.5 to 99.5
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

3. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

4. Bend of elbow
Crisis
Biot's respirations
Brachial
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

5. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stroke Volume
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypertension

6. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Pedal pulse
Apical
+3
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

7. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
crackles
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

8. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
It will also fall
thready
Pulse pressure
wheeze

9. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
fever
Hypothermia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

10. How does external respiration occur?
72 bpm
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

11. State of insufficient oxygen
hypotension
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
hypoxia

12. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Diaphoresis
the lungs
120/70

13. How does size affect pulse?
BMR
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Biot's respirations

14. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
pyrogens
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
low BP
orthostatic hypertension

15. How should baby's temperature be taken?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Biot's
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Axillary.

16. Groin area
Irregular
Diastolic pressure
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Femoral

17. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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18. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
low
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Cardiac Output

19. Head injury BP?
Rhonchi
raises BP.
Core Temperature
^160/^100

20. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Convection
shallow or slow breathing
Biot's

21. 1st stage of fever is?
120/80
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Biot's
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

22. High oxygen
low
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
dyspnea
hyperoxia

23. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
12-20
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
crackles
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

24. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Axillary.
Feeble

25. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

26. Heart
Apical
It will also fall
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
raises BP.

27. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
low BP
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
20-30

28. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
higher
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

29. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
shallow or slow breathing
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
It will also fall

30. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
dyspnea
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Eupnea

31. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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32. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
arrhythmia
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Rhonchi

33. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
hyperoxia
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
raises BP.

34. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
16-20
arrhythmia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
palpate

35. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

36. This affects the character of the pulse.
97.5 to 99.5
BMR
Stroke Volume
arrhythmia

37. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
Pulse pressure
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

38. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Respiration
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
intermittent

39. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
raises BP.

40. High BP
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Korotkoff sounds
hypertension

41. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Korotkoff sounds
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
60 to 70 mL

42. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
wheeze
Posterior tibial
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

43. 3 yr old
20-30
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
low BP
Systolic pressure

44. An example of nursing planning
pyrogens
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
raises BP.
Stertor

45. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Kussmaul's respiration
+2
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

46. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Hypothermia
Radial
Evaporation

47. Those at risk for hypothermia include
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
60 to 70 mL
bradypnea
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

48. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Evaporation
Axillary.
hypertension

49. How is shock caused?
16-20
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Crisis
bradycardia

50. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
It will also fall
Systolic pressure
Crisis

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Measuring Vital Signs

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