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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Elderly respiration
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
16-20
raises BP.

2. Healthly adult
hypoxemia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
12-20

3. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Crisis
palpate

4. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
12-20
orthostatic hypertension
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

5. Adolescent
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hypoxia
16-20
constant

6. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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7. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
96.5 to 97.5
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

8. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
carotid
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
+2
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

9. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
16-20
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

10. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
140-159/90-99
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

11. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Conduction
120-139/80-89
bradypnea
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

12. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
palpate
60 to 70 mL
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

13. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
+2
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
shallow or slow breathing

14. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
left Sims position
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Irregular

15. Taking a rectal temperature
remittent
12-20
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
hypoxemia

16. Taking axillary temperature
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Biot's respirations

17. This affects the character of the pulse.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Posterior tibial
Stroke Volume
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

18. High oxygen
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hyperoxia
the lungs

19. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
It will also fall
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

20. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
pyrogens
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Axillary.
Core Temperature

21. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
60 to 70 mL
+2

22. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Diastolic pressure
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
low
bradycardia

23. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
palpate
Pulse pressure
Radial
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

24. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

25. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Posterior tibial
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

26. Bend of knee
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
low BP
popliteal
oximetry

27. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
oximetry

28. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hyperoxia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

29. Risk for prolonged hypertension
Biot's
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
120-139/80-89

30. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Respiration
orthostatic hypertension
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Eupnea

31. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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32. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
lysis
absent
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
dyspnea

33. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
140-159/90-99
^160/^100
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

34. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
crackles
Cheyenne-Stokes
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

35. 3 yr old
Irregular
apnea
hypoxia
20-30

36. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
remittent
120/80
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

37. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
bradypnea
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

38. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

39. Abrupt decline in fever
^160/^100
low
Crisis
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

40. How do drugs affect pulse?
Kussmaul's respiration
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
^160/^100
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

41. An example of a nursing diagnoses
ausculatation
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

42. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
orthostatic hypertension
Diastolic pressure
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

43. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
hypoxia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Hypothermia

44. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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45. Average blood pressure should be
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
120/70
Axillary.
thready

46. How should baby's temperature be taken?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Axillary.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

47. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Relapsing
Radial
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

48. Heart
ausculatation
Hyperventilation
Apical
stridor

49. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
72 bpm
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Brachial

50. The average temperature in the older adult
20-30
96.5 to 97.5
lysis
Tachypnea