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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Radial

2. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
60 to 70 mL
16-20

3. Substances tat cause fever
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
pyrogens
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Diastolic pressure

4. Normal body temperature ranges?
Cheyenne-Stokes
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
97.5 to 99.5

5. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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6. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
absent
shallow or slow breathing
Biot's respirations

7. Lobes in the lungs?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
wheeze
Temporal
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

8. Adolescent
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
60 to 70 mL
16-20

9. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
left Sims position
12-20
Kussmaul's respiration

10. Top of left foot
Feeble
Dorsalis pedis
+2
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

11. How do drugs affect pulse?
12-20
It will also fall
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Stroke volume

12. Elevated temperature
120-139/80-89
Convection
constant
fever

13. Side of forehead
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
absent
Temporal

14. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Tachypnea
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Diastolic pressure

15. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Temporal
+2
Convection

16. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
60 to 70 mL
ausculatation
Brachial

17. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
palpate

18. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Cardiac Output
low

19. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
arrhythmia
Pulse
wheeze

20. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
left Sims position
Pulse
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

21. Taking axillary temperature
Axillary.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Diastolic pressure
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

22. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
+3

23. Average pulse rate for an adult
Pulse pressure
72 bpm
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Systolic pressure

24. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
Axillary.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

25. Excessive sweat production
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
20-30
Diaphoresis
raises BP.

26. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
carotid
apnea
Korotkoff sounds

27. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
+2
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
96.5 to 97.5

28. Signs and symptoms of shock
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
hypoxemia

29. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Core Temperature
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

30. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Biot's respirations
hypoxemia
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

31. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
raises BP.
Pedal pulse
+1

32. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
crackles
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

33. Weak and may be irregular
thready
96.5 to 97.5
carotid
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

34. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
orthostatic hypertension
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
bradycardia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

35. Absence of breathing
apnea
Stertor
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

36. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Temporal
Conduction
+3
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

37. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
constant
hypotension
fever
120/80

38. Sex BP?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Temporal
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
oximeter

39. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
oximeter
Pedal pulse
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

40. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
96.5 to 97.5
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

41. Bend of knee
Conduction
stridor
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
popliteal

42. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
Relapsing
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
lysis

43. When is apicial pulse used?
raises BP.
fever
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

44. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Stertor
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
120-139/80-89

45. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

46. Prehypertension
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
It will also fall
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
120-139/80-89

47. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
pyrogens
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

48. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
stridor
fever

49. Feel
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
12-20
palpate
shallow or slow breathing

50. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Biot's

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Measuring Vital Signs

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