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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This affects the character of the pulse.
Brachial
Diastolic pressure
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Stroke Volume

2. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
constant
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

3. Adolescent
16-20
low BP
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
+2

4. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

5. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Biot's respirations
Pulse
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

6. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Evaporation
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
tachycardia

7. Sex BP?
BMR
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
raises BP.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

8. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
the lungs
left Sims position

9. How is pulse best found?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
carotid
hypoxia

10. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
Eupnea
Stroke Volume
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

11. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Femoral
orthostatic hypertension
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

12. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
120/80
Brachial
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
low BP

13. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Brachial
Respiration
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

14. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Systolic pressure
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
hyperoxia

15. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
bradycardia
It will also fall
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

16. Average blood pressure should be
Hyperventilation
Posterior tibial
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
120/70

17. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
60 to 70 mL
constant

18. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Irregular

19. Lobes in the lungs?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
hypotension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

20. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
intermittent
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Axillary.
Stroke Volume

21. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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22. Healthly adult
12-20
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
the lungs

23. State of insufficient oxygen
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Evaporation
hypoxia
Rhonchi

24. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
low BP
Pedal pulse
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

25. How does external respiration occur?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
raises BP.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
30-80

26. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Stroke Volume
Crisis

27. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
120/80
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Tachypnea
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

28. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Stroke volume
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

29. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Evaporation
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

30. Hearing
ausculatation
absent
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Irregular

31. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
higher
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
96.5 to 97.5
Temporal

32. Feel
palpate
Tachypnea
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/80

33. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
intermittent
Korotkoff sounds
thready
Tachypnea

34. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
hypoxemia
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
hyperoxia
crackles

35. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Respiration
dyspnea

36. 1st stage of fever is?
tachycardia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Eupnea

37. Bend of elbow
Brachial
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Pedal pulse
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

38. Fever above 100.2 F
low BP
absent
pyrexia
stridor

39. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Cheyenne-Stokes
hyperoxia
Diastolic pressure
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

40. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Respiration
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Hyperventilation

41. Bend of knee
popliteal
72 bpm
60 to 70 mL
96.5 to 97.5

42. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Hyperventilation
+1
120/70
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

43. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Temporal
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Rhonchi

44. When should rectal temperatures be used?
low
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
the lungs
intermittent

45. Signs and symptoms of shock
Feeble
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Stroke volume

46. Top of left foot
tachycardia
Dorsalis pedis
intermittent
120/70

47. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
remittent
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
bradypnea

48. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
bradypnea
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
pyrogens

49. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

50. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.