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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
hypotension
Convection
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

2. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Evaporation
Eupnea
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

3. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Stroke Volume
Core Temperature
the lungs
remittent

4. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
lysis
Dorsalis pedis
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Stertor

5. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Pedal pulse
Dorsalis pedis

6. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Respiration
Cardiac Output
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
the lungs

7. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

8. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
low
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
60 to 70 mL

9. Barely palpable
140-159/90-99
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Feeble
arrhythmia

10. Stage 2 hypertension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
^160/^100
Cheyenne-Stokes

11. Abrupt decline in fever
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Crisis
Femoral
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

12. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
intermittent
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

13. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Stroke volume
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
+3
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

14. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Crisis
remittent
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Hypothermia

15. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
intermittent
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Hyperventilation
crackles

16. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Hypothermia

17. Hearing
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
16-20
ausculatation
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

18. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Pulse pressure
Stroke volume

19. Sex BP?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
orthostatic hypertension
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
left Sims position

20. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
low
left Sims position
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

21. Risk for prolonged hypertension
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
low
thready
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

22. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
hypoxia
hypoxemia

23. Signs and symptoms of shock
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Posterior tibial

24. Absence of breathing
low
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
stridor
apnea

25. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
wheeze
96.5 to 97.5
arrhythmia

26. Excessive sweat production
Pulse pressure
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Diaphoresis
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

27. This affects the character of the pulse.
crackles
140-159/90-99
Stroke Volume
Diaphoresis

28. 2nd stage of fever is?
Rhonchi
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
120-139/80-89

29. Side of wrist
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
carotid
Radial
120-139/80-89

30. How does external respiration occur?
Dorsalis pedis
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Rhonchi
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

31. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
30-80
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
raises BP.

32. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
+3
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Biot's respirations
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

33. Elevated temperature
higher
stridor
fever
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

34. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Korotkoff sounds
low
pyrogens

35. People most at risk for hypertension
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

36. Rectal temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
low BP

37. What are the 5 vital signs?
crackles
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
140-159/90-99
Stertor

38. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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39. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
left Sims position
140-159/90-99
+2

40. Head injury BP?
Biot's respirations
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
raises BP.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

41. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
ausculatation
20-30
Diastolic pressure
Evaporation

42. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
120/70
wheeze
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Pulse

43. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
140-159/90-99
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Core Temperature

44. Adolescent
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
wheeze
apnea
16-20

45. Enviromental temperature BP?
bradycardia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
remittent

46. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Axillary.

47. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
Pulse
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Diastolic pressure

48. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
140-159/90-99
Evaporation

49. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
shallow or slow breathing
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
ausculatation
Core Temperature

50. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
crackles
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.