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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

2. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
pyrexia
Pulse pressure
tachycardia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

3. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Apical

4. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
apnea
orthostatic hypertension
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

5. When is apicial pulse used?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Brachial

6. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
intermittent
remittent
It will also fall
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

7. 2nd stage of fever is?
16-20
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

8. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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9. How is shock caused?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Hyperventilation
lysis

10. How does size affect pulse?
120/70
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Respiration

11. How should respirations be counted?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Hypothermia
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

12. People most at risk for hypertension
Stroke volume
dyspnea
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

13. Head injury BP?
+2
raises BP.
Diaphoresis
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

14. BP at or lower 90/60.
+2
hypotension
hypertension
Eupnea

15. Top of left foot
the lungs
low BP
Dorsalis pedis
hypoxemia

16. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Dorsalis pedis
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Brachial
Eupnea

17. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Pulse

18. Barely palpable
oximetry
Convection
Dorsalis pedis
Feeble

19. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
stridor
Pulse pressure
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
popliteal

20. Axillary temperature are
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
remittent
intermittent

21. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Respiration
fever
hyperoxia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

22. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
72 bpm
shallow or slow breathing
low BP

23. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Biot's respirations
Korotkoff sounds
wheeze
Cardiac Output

24. Signs and symptoms of shock
lysis
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Pulse
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

25. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Rhonchi
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Apical

26. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
wheeze
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
16-20

27. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
higher

28. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Systolic pressure
97.5 to 99.5
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

29. Inside ankle
shallow or slow breathing
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Posterior tibial
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

30. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Feeble
Pedal pulse
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

31. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Radial
Conduction
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
120/80

32. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Core Temperature
orthostatic hypertension
Femoral

33. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Kussmaul's respiration
intermittent
Hyperventilation
Stroke volume

34. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
arrhythmia
ausculatation

35. Newborn
30-80
Hyperventilation
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

36. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
wheeze
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Axillary.
Hypothermia

37. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
+3
60 to 70 mL
low
Cardiac Output

38. Side of forehead
72 bpm
Temporal
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

39. How does age affect pulse?
Convection
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Kussmaul's respiration

40. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Tachypnea
+2
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
oximeter

41. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
thready
Femoral
carotid

42. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
higher
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

43. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
oximeter
12-20
Stertor

44. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
oximetry
Core Temperature

45. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

46. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
bradycardia
Pulse
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
It will also fall

47. Weak and may be irregular
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
+3
thready
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

48. Bend of elbow
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Brachial
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

49. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Radial
Cheyenne-Stokes
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

50. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Pulse pressure
popliteal
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)