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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Top of left foot
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Dorsalis pedis
Feeble
Convection

2. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
140-159/90-99
stridor
Diastolic pressure

3. Average pulse rate for an adult
wheeze
oximeter
BMR
72 bpm

4. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
dyspnea
constant
Brachial
Rhonchi

5. People most at risk for hypertension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

6. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Dorsalis pedis
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

7. Normal body temperature ranges?
97.5 to 99.5
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Core Temperature
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

8. Stress & emotions. BP?
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
higher
Hypothermia
Respiration

9. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
+2
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

10. How do drugs affect pulse?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
orthostatic hypertension
left Sims position

11. Substances tat cause fever
Posterior tibial
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
hyperoxia
pyrogens

12. High oxygen
120/80
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Eupnea
hyperoxia

13. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Core Temperature
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Korotkoff sounds

14. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Pulse
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

15. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
120/80
Relapsing
+1

16. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Relapsing
palpate
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
low

17. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
Evaporation
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

18. Elevated temperature
fever
+3
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Stroke Volume

19. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
shallow or slow breathing
apnea

20. Gradual return to a normal temperature
97.5 to 99.5
crackles
lysis
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

21. Taking a rectal temperature
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
97.5 to 99.5
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

22. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
low
Hyperventilation
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
20-30

23. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Core Temperature
Apical
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

24. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
palpate
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
20-30

25. Newborn
shallow or slow breathing
intermittent
Pedal pulse
30-80

26. Groin area
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Femoral
Apical
+3

27. Diurnal variation BP?
Convection
dyspnea
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Dorsalis pedis

28. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
thready
Stroke volume
Eupnea
Korotkoff sounds

29. Hearing
pyrogens
ausculatation
20-30
dyspnea

30. Prehypertension
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
16-20
120-139/80-89
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

31. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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32. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
16-20
Biot's
hypotension

33. Bend of elbow
Brachial
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
72 bpm
hyperoxia

34. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
orthostatic hypertension
120/80
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

35. How does external respiration occur?
tachycardia
low
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

36. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
pyrexia
Respiration
left Sims position

37. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Conduction
wheeze
Cardiac Output

38. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
bradycardia

39. 3 yr old
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
apnea
20-30
30-80

40. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
remittent
Cheyenne-Stokes
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

41. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
120-139/80-89
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

42. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
low
Cardiac Output
+3

43. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
120-139/80-89
hypoxia
12-20

44. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Pulse
hypotension
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

45. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
20-30
Tachypnea
hyperoxia

46. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
constant
Dorsalis pedis

47. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Stroke Volume
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
97.5 to 99.5
Apical

48. Barely palpable
absent
apnea
Feeble
Relapsing

49. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Tachypnea
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Axillary.

50. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
crackles

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Measuring Vital Signs

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