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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
wheeze
lysis
60 to 70 mL

2. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Stroke volume
raises BP.
Hypothermia
Relapsing

3. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
hypoxemia
Stertor

4. Side of neck
carotid
Diaphoresis
Pedal pulse
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

5. Side of forehead
apnea
crackles
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Temporal

6. Heart
Feeble
Relapsing
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Apical

7. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Convection
It will also fall
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Temporal

8. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

9. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

10. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Eupnea
hypoxia
Apical
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

11. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
bradypnea
Feeble
Diaphoresis

12. When is apicial pulse used?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

13. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
popliteal
oximeter
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

14. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
dyspnea
Stroke volume
16-20
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

15. Hearing
ausculatation
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

16. Prehypertension
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
120-139/80-89
12-20
Kussmaul's respiration

17. Bend of elbow
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Brachial
Axillary.
Hyperventilation

18. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
low BP
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
+3

19. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
palpate
Temporal
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

20. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Stertor
Eupnea
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
low BP

21. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
20-30
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Respiration
arrhythmia

22. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Pulse pressure
hypoxia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
lysis

23. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Convection
Stroke Volume

24. Rectal temperature are
Systolic pressure
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Pulse

25. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
20-30
thready

26. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
apnea
bradypnea
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
BMR

27. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
20-30
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Respiration
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

28. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
120-139/80-89
hypoxia
Pulse
tachycardia

29. Enviromental temperature BP?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Cheyenne-Stokes

30. Feel
palpate
left Sims position
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

31. Elevated temperature
Radial
Axillary.
fever
120/70

32. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Temporal
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

33. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
apnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

34. BP at or lower 90/60.
Axillary.
remittent
Radial
hypotension

35. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
shallow or slow breathing
Feeble

36. How should respirations be counted?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Cardiac Output
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
12-20

37. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Rhonchi

38. Adolescent
raises BP.
16-20
96.5 to 97.5
pyrogens

39. Side of wrist
palpate
Radial
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

40. Stress & emotions. BP?
Diastolic pressure
higher
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
+3

41. 3 yr old
Pedal pulse
20-30
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Rhonchi

42. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Tachypnea
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

43. Taking axillary temperature
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
dyspnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

44. Head injury BP?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
raises BP.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

45. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
apnea
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Pedal pulse
96.5 to 97.5

46. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Diastolic pressure
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
oximeter
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

47. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
16-20
Stertor
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Hyperventilation

48. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
absent
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

49. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
hypoxia
Temporal
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

50. Sex BP?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same