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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Bend of knee
hypoxia
Temporal
16-20
popliteal

2. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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3. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Evaporation
thready
hypoxemia
Pedal pulse

4. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
wheeze
120/80
120-139/80-89

5. Barely palpable
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
popliteal
Axillary.
Feeble

6. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Crisis
shallow or slow breathing
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
60 to 70 mL

7. Hearing
+3
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
ausculatation
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

8. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Pedal pulse
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

9. Side of forehead
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Temporal
60 to 70 mL
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

10. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
shallow or slow breathing
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

11. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Brachial
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Cardiac Output
140-159/90-99

12. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Respiration
Hypothermia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Radial

13. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Irregular

14. How should baby's temperature be taken?
It will also fall
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Axillary.

15. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
Apical
Tachypnea
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

16. Axillary temperature are
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

17. How does size affect pulse?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
pyrogens
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

18. Risk for prolonged hypertension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
remittent

19. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
hypoxia
It will also fall
97.5 to 99.5

20. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
16-20
Biot's
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Cardiac Output

21. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
stridor
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

22. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Evaporation
low BP
Tachypnea
the lungs

23. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Irregular
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
intermittent

24. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Crisis
hypertension
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

25. Top of left foot
wheeze
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Dorsalis pedis
hypoxemia

26. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
low
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
fever

27. Healthly adult
12-20
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Biot's respirations
higher

28. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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29. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Systolic pressure
wheeze

30. Bend of elbow
Brachial
Cardiac Output
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Radial

31. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Diastolic pressure
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
hypertension

32. Stage 1 hypertension
^160/^100
140-159/90-99
120/70
Axillary.

33. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
72 bpm
crackles
120/80
Hyperventilation

34. Elderly respiration
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
16-20
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

35. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
96.5 to 97.5
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
wheeze
hypertension

36. Adolescent
16-20
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
oximetry
remittent

37. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

38. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
120/70
Eupnea
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

39. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
72 bpm
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

40. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Axillary.
fever
Diastolic pressure

41. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
stridor
Biot's
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Cheyenne-Stokes

42. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Radial
Biot's

43. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
remittent
pyrogens
Evaporation
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

44. Low oxygen
left Sims position
hypoxia
+3
Convection

45. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Pulse
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Respiration

46. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
12-20
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Rhonchi
Axillary.

47. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
arrhythmia

48. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
hypoxia
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
It will also fall
Stroke Volume

49. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Stroke volume
Pulse
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

50. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
16-20
hypotension
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.