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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
arrhythmia
Posterior tibial
60 to 70 mL
shallow or slow breathing

2. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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3. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
thready
12-20
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

4. Healthly adult
intermittent
hypertension
constant
12-20

5. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
raises BP.
Feeble
Convection
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

6. Axillary temperature are
16-20
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

7. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
higher
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
palpate

8. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Diastolic pressure
16-20
the lungs
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

9. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

10. Elevated temperature
fever
left Sims position
absent
+1

11. Hearing
BMR
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Brachial
ausculatation

12. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Stroke Volume
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
120-139/80-89
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

13. Heart
pyrogens
Apical
Temporal
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

14. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
Cardiac Output
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
crackles

15. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
60 to 70 mL
thready

16. When should rectal temperatures be used?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

17. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
97.5 to 99.5
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
oximetry
+2

18. People most at risk for hypertension
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Posterior tibial
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Convection

19. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
remittent
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

20. Measurement of oxygen
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
oximetry
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

21. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
low
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Diaphoresis
apnea

22. How is pulse best found?
oximeter
Hypothermia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

23. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Apical
constant
Hyperventilation
lysis

24. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Respiration
140-159/90-99
Diastolic pressure
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

25. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
60 to 70 mL
Pulse pressure
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Posterior tibial

26. Taking a rectal temperature
low
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

27. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
It will also fall
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

28. BP at or lower 90/60.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
hypotension
the lungs
Stroke Volume

29. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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30. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Temporal
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
bradycardia
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

31. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
fever
ausculatation
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

32. Sex BP?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

33. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
absent
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

34. Barely palpable
low
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Feeble
popliteal

35. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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36. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
low
Brachial
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

37. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

38. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
+1

39. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
bradycardia
Tachypnea
Diastolic pressure

40. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Pedal pulse
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
120-139/80-89

41. When is apicial pulse used?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
97.5 to 99.5
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
raises BP.

42. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
ausculatation
Cardiac Output
Korotkoff sounds
Relapsing

43. Stress & emotions. BP?
Stroke volume
higher
oximeter
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

44. State of insufficient oxygen
Rhonchi
Feeble
hypoxia
Dorsalis pedis

45. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Kussmaul's respiration
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

46. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
12-20
absent

47. Substances tat cause fever
Biot's respirations
Eupnea
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
pyrogens

48. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
Conduction
bradypnea
Biot's

49. How does size affect pulse?
Respiration
pyrogens
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Hyperventilation

50. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
arrhythmia
Pulse pressure
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.