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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Convection
It will also fall

2. Measurement of oxygen
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
oximetry

3. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
intermittent
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
oximetry
Pulse pressure

4. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
20-30
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

5. How does age affect pulse?
+1
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
72 bpm
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

6. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
120-139/80-89
Stroke Volume

7. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
tachycardia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Femoral

8. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
the lungs
Systolic pressure
Cheyenne-Stokes
It will also fall

9. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Core Temperature
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

10. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
shallow or slow breathing
16-20
Hyperventilation

11. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
arrhythmia
raises BP.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

12. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Kussmaul's respiration
Tachypnea
96.5 to 97.5
Relapsing

13. What are the 5 vital signs?
Conduction
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

14. Risk for prolonged hypertension
dyspnea
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
+1
higher

15. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
bradycardia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Pedal pulse
popliteal

16. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Diastolic pressure
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
BMR
120/80

17. Normal body temperature ranges?
16-20
wheeze
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
97.5 to 99.5

18. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
pyrogens
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

19. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Temporal
+2
20-30

20. High BP
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
hypertension
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

21. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
pyrexia
It will also fall
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Cheyenne-Stokes

22. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

23. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
fever
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
oximeter
low BP

24. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Convection
wheeze
raises BP.

25. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
+1
raises BP.
Brachial
the lungs

26. Average blood pressure should be
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Cardiac Output
120/70
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

27. How does external respiration occur?
oximeter
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
120-139/80-89

28. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
hypotension
Axillary.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

29. Groin area
Axillary.
Femoral
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Stertor

30. Bend of knee
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Temporal
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
popliteal

31. Taking axillary temperature
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
hypotension

32. Those at risk for hypothermia include
It will also fall
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
thready

33. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Biot's respirations
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

34. Enviromental temperature BP?
Hypothermia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
60 to 70 mL

35. Stage 2 hypertension
Apical
^160/^100
left Sims position
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

36. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
97.5 to 99.5

37. When should rectal temperatures be used?
carotid
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

38. Weak and may be irregular
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
low
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
thready

39. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Stroke volume
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Conduction
bradycardia

40. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
bradypnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

41. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
left Sims position
Pedal pulse
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

42. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
absent
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Pulse

43. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Brachial
hyperoxia
30-80

44. Side of wrist
Radial
fever
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
+1

45. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
bradypnea
Respiration
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

46. Side of forehead
Crisis
remittent
Hypothermia
Temporal

47. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
+1
Tachypnea
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

48. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
Apical
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
BMR

49. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Cheyenne-Stokes
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

50. An example of a nursing diagnoses
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
+3
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.