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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Elderly respiration
Apical
fever
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
16-20

2. 3 yr old
palpate
fever
20-30
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

3. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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4. Bend of elbow
Convection
Brachial
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

5. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
hypotension
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

6. Excessive sweat production
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Temporal
popliteal
Diaphoresis

7. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Feeble

8. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Stertor

9. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
Posterior tibial
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
fever

10. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
+2
absent
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

11. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Temporal
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

12. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
+3
Diaphoresis
Crisis

13. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
hypoxia
oximeter
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

14. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Conduction
orthostatic hypertension
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
low BP

15. State of insufficient oxygen
Stertor
hypoxia
bradypnea
low BP

16. Bend of knee
popliteal
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
hypotension

17. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Respiration
96.5 to 97.5
16-20
pyrogens

18. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

19. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
remittent
hypoxia
wheeze

20. Weak and may be irregular
thready
Tachypnea
140-159/90-99
bradypnea

21. Side of neck
carotid
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
^160/^100
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

22. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
hyperoxia
hypoxia
Hyperventilation

23. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
carotid
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

24. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
BMR
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

25. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Temporal
20-30
pyrexia
the lungs

26. How does age affect pulse?
bradypnea
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hypotension

27. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
popliteal
120/70
Korotkoff sounds
Pulse

28. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Pulse

29. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Cardiac Output
bradypnea
hyperoxia

30. Side of wrist
carotid
97.5 to 99.5
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Radial

31. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
palpate
30-80
left Sims position
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

32. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Tachypnea
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

33. Feel
Apical
palpate
Irregular
left Sims position

34. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Pulse pressure
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
BMR

35. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Core Temperature
Diaphoresis
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

36. How do drugs affect pulse?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
crackles
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

37. Stress & emotions. BP?
Diastolic pressure
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
BMR
higher

38. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Femoral

39. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

40. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
BMR
arrhythmia
left Sims position

41. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Pulse
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Convection
carotid

42. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Dorsalis pedis
Femoral

43. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Temporal
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Dorsalis pedis
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

44. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Rhonchi
the lungs

45. High BP
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
hypertension

46. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Brachial
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

47. Heart
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Apical
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Rhonchi

48. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
Eupnea
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

49. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
fever
Conduction
120-139/80-89
Pedal pulse

50. Gradual return to a normal temperature
raises BP.
lysis
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
hypoxia