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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Stress & emotions. BP?
hypoxia
tachycardia
higher
Relapsing

2. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
carotid
+3
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

3. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
shallow or slow breathing
Hypothermia

4. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
pyrexia
Systolic pressure

5. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Pulse pressure
Rhonchi
constant

6. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Respiration
orthostatic hypertension
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

7. An example of a nursing diagnoses
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
thready
Irregular

8. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Korotkoff sounds
Feeble
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
120/80

9. Signs and symptoms of shock
stridor
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Temporal

10. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

11. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
30-80

12. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
tachycardia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypoxemia
Evaporation

13. Heart
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
dyspnea
Apical
oximetry

14. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
absent
intermittent
30-80

15. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Hyperventilation
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
16-20

16. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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17. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Systolic pressure
left Sims position
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

18. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Stroke volume
Core Temperature

19. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Evaporation
Axillary.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

20. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
tachycardia
hypertension
Evaporation

21. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
72 bpm
low BP
higher
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

22. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
60 to 70 mL
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

23. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
intermittent
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
raises BP.
96.5 to 97.5

24. This affects the character of the pulse.
Tachypnea
hypoxemia
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stroke Volume

25. BP at or lower 90/60.
constant
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
hypotension
low

26. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
raises BP.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Irregular
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

27. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

28. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hypotension

29. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Axillary.
lysis
hyperoxia

30. Taking axillary temperature
97.5 to 99.5
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
raises BP.
It will also fall

31. How does age affect pulse?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
30-80

32. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cheyenne-Stokes
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds
Cardiac Output

33. How is pulse best found?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

34. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds
hypertension
Pedal pulse
12-20

35. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Convection
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
BMR

36. How does external respiration occur?
the lungs
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypotension
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

37. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Cheyenne-Stokes
Irregular
BMR

38. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
60 to 70 mL
Diastolic pressure

39. What are the 5 vital signs?
Hypothermia
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Tachypnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

40. Low oxygen
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
hypoxia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

41. Top of left foot
140-159/90-99
Dorsalis pedis
Hyperventilation
left Sims position

42. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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43. Gradual return to a normal temperature
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Femoral
lysis
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

44. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
wheeze
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Respiration

45. Excessive sweat production
Eupnea
shallow or slow breathing
Diaphoresis
orthostatic hypertension

46. Stage 1 hypertension
Brachial
140-159/90-99
60 to 70 mL
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

47. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
low BP
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
shallow or slow breathing
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

48. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
popliteal

49. The average temperature in the older adult
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
96.5 to 97.5
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

50. Bend of knee
Rhonchi
Hyperventilation
popliteal
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.