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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
crackles
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

2. Sex BP?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
apnea

3. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
bradycardia
Korotkoff sounds
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

4. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Evaporation
120/70
hypotension

5. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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6. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
hypotension
lysis
Pulse pressure

7. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
bradycardia
16-20
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

8. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Respiration
120-139/80-89
stridor

9. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Hypothermia
wheeze
16-20

10. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Hyperventilation
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

11. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
arrhythmia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
+2

12. Adolescent
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
wheeze
Biot's
16-20

13. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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14. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Biot's respirations
30-80
intermittent

15. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Relapsing
BMR
Brachial
oximetry

16. Taking axillary temperature
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
popliteal
Stroke Volume
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

17. How does external respiration occur?
ausculatation
Stroke volume
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

18. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
140-159/90-99
Stroke Volume
orthostatic hypertension

19. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

20. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
16-20

21. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
hypoxemia
140-159/90-99
Tachypnea

22. This affects the character of the pulse.
It will also fall
Stroke Volume
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

23. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Diastolic pressure
Tachypnea
low
Eupnea

24. High BP
Femoral
Hyperventilation
96.5 to 97.5
hypertension

25. Symptoms of hypoxia
72 bpm
stridor
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

26. How do drugs affect pulse?
30-80
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

27. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
hypotension
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Diaphoresis

28. Measurement of oxygen
oximetry
Respiration
hypoxia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

29. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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30. When is apicial pulse used?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

31. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
orthostatic hypertension
+1
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

32. High oxygen
oximeter
Relapsing
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
hyperoxia

33. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
intermittent
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
higher
tachycardia

34. How should respirations be counted?
Dorsalis pedis
dyspnea
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Pulse pressure

35. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
arrhythmia
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
constant

36. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Brachial
hyperoxia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
low

37. An example of a nursing diagnoses
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
thready

38. 1st stage of fever is?
low BP
+3
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

39. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
left Sims position
dyspnea
Hyperventilation
low BP

40. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Posterior tibial
It will also fall
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

41. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
oximeter
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
pyrogens

42. Low oxygen
oximetry
Stroke Volume
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hypoxia

43. 2nd stage of fever is?
12-20
hypoxia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

44. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Axillary.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

45. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
palpate
constant
Diastolic pressure
hypoxia

46. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
30-80
Pulse
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

47. Lobes in the lungs?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
+3

48. Head injury BP?
+2
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
raises BP.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

49. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Crisis
dyspnea
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Diaphoresis

50. Stage 2 hypertension
Conduction
Crisis
Convection
^160/^100