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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
bradycardia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
tachycardia
Tachypnea

2. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
12-20
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
97.5 to 99.5

3. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Apical
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

4. Heart
Core Temperature
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Apical

5. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

6. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
palpate

7. Absence of breathing
oximeter
apnea
low
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

8. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Relapsing
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
It will also fall
orthostatic hypertension

9. Side of wrist
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Radial
Biot's respirations

10. Diurnal variation BP?
Respiration
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
16-20
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

11. How should respirations be counted?
Diaphoresis
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Dorsalis pedis
Core Temperature

12. Stage 1 hypertension
Respiration
140-159/90-99
Convection
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

13. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Cardiac Output
Respiration
shallow or slow breathing
bradycardia

14. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
hyperoxia
remittent
Rhonchi
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

15. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Biot's respirations
tachycardia
+1
Pedal pulse

16. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
97.5 to 99.5
crackles
^160/^100

17. Healthly adult
orthostatic hypertension
12-20
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
pyrogens

18. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

19. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
lysis
arrhythmia
30-80

20. Axillary temperature are
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
dyspnea
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
97.5 to 99.5

21. Sex BP?
oximetry
Pulse
tachycardia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

22. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

23. Adolescent
pyrogens
16-20
96.5 to 97.5
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

24. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Systolic pressure
97.5 to 99.5

25. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Feeble
72 bpm
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

26. Substances tat cause fever
Cardiac Output
pyrogens
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
+2

27. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

28. Stage 2 hypertension
Conduction
^160/^100
hypoxia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

29. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Stroke volume
hypertension
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

30. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Stertor
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

31. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
120/70
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
remittent
pyrogens

32. High oxygen
Radial
apnea
hyperoxia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

33. Bend of elbow
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Brachial
Convection

34. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Conduction
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

35. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Convection
60 to 70 mL
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
thready

36. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

37. How is shock caused?
120/80
Convection
crackles
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

38. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
carotid

39. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
It will also fall
Posterior tibial
hyperoxia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

40. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

41. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

42. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
pyrogens

43. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
hypotension
Conduction
Irregular

44. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Posterior tibial
hypotension
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Pedal pulse

45. 2nd stage of fever is?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
higher
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

46. Weak and may be irregular
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
thready
raises BP.

47. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
It will also fall
+2

48. Elevated temperature
carotid
wheeze
hypoxia
fever

49. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Diastolic pressure
raises BP.

50. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
12-20
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Respiration
Femoral