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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
popliteal
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Systolic pressure

2. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
+3
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

3. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Convection
palpate

4. How does external respiration occur?
Femoral
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
pyrogens
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

5. Signs and symptoms of shock
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
lysis
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

6. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
apnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

7. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
96.5 to 97.5
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Hypothermia
Pulse pressure

8. Normal body temperature ranges?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
97.5 to 99.5

9. Feel
ausculatation
palpate
Cardiac Output
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

10. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Tachypnea
wheeze
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

11. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Relapsing
16-20
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

12. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Eupnea
fever

13. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Cardiac Output
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
+1

14. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
120/80
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

15. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Axillary.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
dyspnea

16. Measurement of oxygen
oximetry
carotid
arrhythmia
thready

17. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
hypoxia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

18. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Korotkoff sounds
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

19. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
97.5 to 99.5
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/80

20. 2nd stage of fever is?
hypotension
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
30-80
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

21. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
left Sims position
bradycardia
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

22. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
72 bpm
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

23. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
60 to 70 mL
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Temporal

24. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
the lungs
low BP
72 bpm
hypoxia

25. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
remittent
Radial
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
arrhythmia

26. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Conduction
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
60 to 70 mL
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

27. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Irregular
Stroke volume
bradypnea
Evaporation

28. Bend of knee
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
oximetry
popliteal
fever

29. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
hypotension
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Stertor
Stroke Volume

30. Average pulse rate for an adult
Pulse pressure
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
20-30
72 bpm

31. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Pedal pulse
Conduction
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

32. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
Diaphoresis
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

33. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
absent
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
^160/^100

34. Weak and may be irregular
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
oximetry
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
thready

35. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
120/70
Axillary.

36. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Stroke Volume
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

37. An example of a nursing diagnoses
raises BP.
Evaporation
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
pyrexia

38. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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39. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
It will also fall

40. How does age affect pulse?
Radial
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
crackles

41. Hearing
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
ausculatation
bradypnea
Hyperventilation

42. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
crackles

43. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
arrhythmia
Pulse pressure
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

44. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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45. People most at risk for hypertension
thready
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

46. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Hypothermia
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

47. Elevated temperature
Femoral
Respiration
140-159/90-99
fever

48. Absence of breathing
Apical
Crisis
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
apnea

49. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
bradycardia
hypoxemia
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

50. Diurnal variation BP?
12-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia