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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Feel
palpate
Tachypnea
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

2. Side of wrist
the lungs
constant
hypoxia
Radial

3. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
palpate
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
low BP

4. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
pyrogens
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

5. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

6. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Relapsing
Korotkoff sounds
120/70

7. Symptoms of hypoxia
Femoral
left Sims position
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Korotkoff sounds

8. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
Crisis
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
hypotension
dyspnea

9. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
the lungs
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

10. Elevated temperature
remittent
Cardiac Output
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
fever

11. Average pulse rate for an adult
Pulse pressure
72 bpm
hypoxia
60 to 70 mL

12. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
dyspnea
intermittent
Convection

13. 3 yr old
20-30
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
12-20

14. Substances tat cause fever
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
apnea
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
pyrogens

15. Inside ankle
Rhonchi
Posterior tibial
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

16. Fever above 100.2 F
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
+3
pyrexia

17. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Evaporation
hypoxemia
Temporal
Stroke Volume

18. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Systolic pressure
Temporal
remittent

19. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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20. How should respirations be counted?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

21. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
It will also fall
arrhythmia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

22. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
+1
oximeter
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

23. Excessive sweat production
remittent
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Diaphoresis

24. Stress & emotions. BP?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
higher
Korotkoff sounds

25. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
12-20
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Biot's respirations

26. 3rd stage of fever?
Eupnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Dorsalis pedis

27. Adolescent
Eupnea
16-20
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
20-30

28. People most at risk for hypertension
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Stroke volume
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

29. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Respiration

30. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Brachial
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

31. Head injury BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
hypoxia
raises BP.

32. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
raises BP.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

33. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
16-20
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

34. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hypoxia
left Sims position

35. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Korotkoff sounds
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Axillary.

36. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Pulse pressure
60 to 70 mL
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

37. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Biot's respirations
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
hypoxemia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

38. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
120/70
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
120-139/80-89

39. Side of neck
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
carotid
hypotension
Hyperventilation

40. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
orthostatic hypertension
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

41. Lobes in the lungs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Crisis
Hypothermia

42. Those at risk for hypothermia include
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
72 bpm

43. High oxygen
Posterior tibial
palpate
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
hyperoxia

44. How is pulse best found?
Stertor
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Temporal
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

45. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
pyrexia
Pedal pulse
Axillary.

46. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
remittent
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
120/80
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

47. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
pyrexia
Femoral
wheeze

48. Taking axillary temperature
hypertension
low
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

49. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
20-30
Conduction
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Biot's respirations

50. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
low
It will also fall