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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Tachypnea
Apical

2. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Pedal pulse
bradycardia
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

3. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
16-20
the lungs
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

4. Those at risk for hypothermia include
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
ausculatation
Pulse pressure

5. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

6. An example of a nursing diagnoses
dyspnea
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
wheeze
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

7. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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8. Normal body temperature ranges?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
higher
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
97.5 to 99.5

9. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
apnea

10. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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11. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
oximetry
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
140-159/90-99

12. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

13. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Axillary.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

14. Enviromental temperature BP?
120-139/80-89
constant
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

15. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
^160/^100
Pulse
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
carotid

16. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
Diastolic pressure
Core Temperature
Convection

17. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Systolic pressure
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Eupnea
Axillary.

18. High BP
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
hypertension
pyrogens
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

19. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
the lungs
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
96.5 to 97.5

20. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Korotkoff sounds
crackles
the lungs

21. People most at risk for hypertension
Korotkoff sounds
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Pedal pulse
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

22. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
dyspnea
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Pulse

23. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
BMR
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
left Sims position
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

24. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Pedal pulse
Cardiac Output

25. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
orthostatic hypertension
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

26. The average temperature in the older adult
20-30
96.5 to 97.5
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

27. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Stroke volume
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

28. Weak and may be irregular
intermittent
16-20
thready
Cheyenne-Stokes

29. Fever above 100.2 F
120/70
hypoxia
pyrexia
Tachypnea

30. Rectal temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
crackles
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Korotkoff sounds

31. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
30-80
constant

32. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
ausculatation
thready
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

33. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Diaphoresis
Stroke volume
left Sims position
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

34. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
low BP
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
orthostatic hypertension
hyperoxia

35. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
^160/^100
remittent
BMR
pyrogens

36. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
hyperoxia
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

37. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Respiration
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Kussmaul's respiration

38. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
120/80
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
stridor
hypoxemia

39. How does external respiration occur?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
wheeze
remittent

40. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
Conduction
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Kussmaul's respiration

41. Diurnal variation BP?
Pedal pulse
oximetry
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

42. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Axillary.
16-20
60 to 70 mL
Radial

43. How should respirations be counted?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
pyrexia
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
raises BP.

44. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Dorsalis pedis
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

45. How does size affect pulse?
lysis
Biot's respirations
16-20
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

46. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

47. 1st stage of fever is?
Hyperventilation
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
absent
Diaphoresis

48. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Pulse pressure
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

49. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
carotid
ausculatation
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

50. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
Tachypnea
tachycardia
Cardiac Output