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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
palpate

2. How does size affect pulse?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Diastolic pressure

3. Measurement of oxygen
Convection
stridor
oximetry
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

4. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

5. What are the 5 vital signs?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

6. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
16-20
lysis
ausculatation

7. Stage 1 hypertension
lysis
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
140-159/90-99
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

8. Feel
Relapsing
Tachypnea
palpate
hypertension

9. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Axillary.
low BP
Hypothermia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

10. Inside ankle
bradypnea
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Posterior tibial
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

11. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Hyperventilation
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Irregular

12. Substances tat cause fever
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
pyrogens
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Stroke Volume

13. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
constant
stridor
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

14. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
120-139/80-89
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

15. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Dorsalis pedis
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
pyrogens

16. Top of left foot
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis
tachycardia

17. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Apical

18. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Biot's respirations
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hypoxemia
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

19. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
pyrogens
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

20. 3rd stage of fever?
60 to 70 mL
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
hypotension
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

21. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
120/80
crackles
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

22. Diurnal variation BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
120-139/80-89
Kussmaul's respiration

23. How do drugs affect pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
lysis
140-159/90-99

24. Normal body temperature ranges?
pyrogens
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
hypotension
97.5 to 99.5

25. 3 yr old
20-30
Conduction
16-20
left Sims position

26. Gradual return to a normal temperature
raises BP.
lysis
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

27. BP at or lower 90/60.
left Sims position
hypotension
Convection
wheeze

28. Side of forehead
Cardiac Output
Dorsalis pedis
120/70
Temporal

29. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
72 bpm
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Stertor

30. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
Pedal pulse
Temporal
hypertension

31. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
low BP
bradypnea
Stroke volume
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

32. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

33. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
Core Temperature
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
dyspnea

34. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
16-20
120/70

35. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
thready
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Convection
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

36. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Radial
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
It will also fall
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

37. Fever above 100.2 F
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Korotkoff sounds
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
pyrexia

38. Axillary temperature are
120/80
Biot's
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

39. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Radial
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
crackles
low BP

40. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Hypothermia
Pulse pressure
Crisis

41. Average pulse rate for an adult
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
72 bpm
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

42. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Stroke volume
Convection
Korotkoff sounds

43. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
higher
Diastolic pressure
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

44. How does age affect pulse?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Diastolic pressure
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Stroke Volume

45. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

46. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
stridor
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
arrhythmia

47. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Systolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

48. High oxygen
hyperoxia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
12-20
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

49. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
96.5 to 97.5
Irregular
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
+2

50. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
+1
wheeze
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b