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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
raises BP.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

2. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Stertor
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

3. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Hypothermia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

4. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Eupnea
120/70
+3
low

5. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
oximetry
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

6. How is shock caused?
120/80
Radial
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

7. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

8. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
orthostatic hypertension
Relapsing
Korotkoff sounds
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

9. Risk for prolonged hypertension
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

10. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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11. Elevated temperature
Tachypnea
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
fever
Dorsalis pedis

12. 3rd stage of fever?
It will also fall
20-30
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

13. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
20-30

14. Bend of elbow
lysis
constant
Brachial
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

15. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
+2
Temporal

16. Average blood pressure should be
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
apnea
120/70

17. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
+3
30-80

18. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
low BP
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Temporal

19. People most at risk for hypertension
140-159/90-99
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
120/70
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

20. Those at risk for hypothermia include
hypotension
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Femoral

21. Substances tat cause fever
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
pyrogens
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

22. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Diaphoresis
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

23. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
lysis
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

24. This affects the character of the pulse.
bradycardia
Biot's respirations
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Stroke Volume

25. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Cheyenne-Stokes
remittent
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Conduction

26. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
thready
low
apnea

27. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
hypotension
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

28. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
constant
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Eupnea
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

29. Symptoms of hypoxia
Core Temperature
Pulse
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Evaporation

30. 2nd stage of fever is?
Systolic pressure
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

31. Top of left foot
+2
Dorsalis pedis
Convection
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

32. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
oximeter
Diaphoresis
BMR

33. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Axillary.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

34. Low oxygen
hypoxia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Respiration
Posterior tibial

35. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Irregular
Radial
Brachial
Apical

36. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
lysis
12-20
hyperoxia
wheeze

37. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
+2
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
120-139/80-89

38. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
hypoxia
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

39. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the lungs
lysis
120-139/80-89
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

40. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Dorsalis pedis
remittent
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

41. Healthly adult
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
It will also fall
12-20

42. Feel
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
palpate

43. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

44. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
Systolic pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

45. Enviromental temperature BP?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Convection
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

46. Taking axillary temperature
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Core Temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Feeble

47. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Biot's respirations
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
fever
hypoxemia

48. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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49. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
constant
crackles
pyrogens

50. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Radial
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
low BP