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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
120/70
Axillary.
Diastolic pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

2. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
Apical
hypotension
140-159/90-99

3. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
lysis
Diastolic pressure
Dorsalis pedis
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

4. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
apnea
120/70
orthostatic hypertension
dyspnea

5. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
^160/^100
hyperoxia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

6. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Core Temperature
Evaporation
Diastolic pressure
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

7. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
raises BP.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

8. Stage 2 hypertension
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
^160/^100
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

9. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Convection
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

10. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
low
crackles
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

11. High BP
ausculatation
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
palpate
hypertension

12. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
120/70
BMR

13. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
oximetry
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Brachial
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

14. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
absent
140-159/90-99

15. What are the 5 vital signs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Stroke Volume
96.5 to 97.5

16. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
low BP
60 to 70 mL
remittent
higher

17. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Pulse
120/70
stridor

18. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
dyspnea
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
absent
Conduction

19. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Crisis
Biot's
120-139/80-89
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

20. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Tachypnea
Stertor
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

21. Weak and may be irregular
thready
12-20
Cheyenne-Stokes
Stertor

22. Signs and symptoms of shock
hypoxia
bradycardia
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
96.5 to 97.5

23. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
bradycardia

24. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Femoral
140-159/90-99
Core Temperature

25. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Stroke volume
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
120/80
orthostatic hypertension

26. Diurnal variation BP?
raises BP.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
hypotension
Diastolic pressure

27. Rectal temperature are
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Respiration
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

28. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Cheyenne-Stokes
pyrogens
intermittent

29. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
lysis
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
shallow or slow breathing

30. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Hyperventilation
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
low BP
^160/^100

31. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
Pulse pressure
Relapsing
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

32. This affects the character of the pulse.
Temporal
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Stroke Volume

33. Excessive sweat production
the lungs
constant
crackles
Diaphoresis

34. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Irregular
Systolic pressure
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

35. When is apicial pulse used?
Cheyenne-Stokes
hyperoxia
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
hypoxia

36. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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37. Stage 1 hypertension
120-139/80-89
140-159/90-99
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

38. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Apical
Tachypnea
Biot's
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

39. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
120-139/80-89
hypoxia
dyspnea
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

40. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Relapsing
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

41. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Hypothermia
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

42. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Radial
fever
140-159/90-99
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

43. Substances tat cause fever
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
pyrogens
Cardiac Output

44. Enviromental temperature BP?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
12-20
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
97.5 to 99.5

45. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
fever
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
16-20
It will also fall

46. State of insufficient oxygen
Biot's respirations
hypoxia
apnea
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

47. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Core Temperature
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

48. The average temperature in the older adult
Relapsing
96.5 to 97.5
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

49. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
pyrexia
Conduction
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

50. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
120/80
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Evaporation