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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Absence of breathing
higher
apnea
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Evaporation

2. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
pyrexia
16-20
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

3. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Radial
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
absent

4. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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5. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Stroke Volume
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

6. Risk for prolonged hypertension
dyspnea
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
72 bpm

7. Side of forehead
Apical
Temporal
hypoxemia
^160/^100

8. BP at or lower 90/60.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
hypotension
Feeble

9. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Conduction
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
thready
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

10. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
96.5 to 97.5
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

11. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
absent
stridor
Rhonchi

12. How do drugs affect pulse?
Rhonchi
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
20-30

13. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
12-20
oximetry

14. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Dorsalis pedis
Crisis
fever
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

15. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
bradycardia
It will also fall
Pulse pressure

16. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
72 bpm
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Posterior tibial

17. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
Feeble
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

18. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Dorsalis pedis
remittent
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
120/80

19. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
constant
hypoxia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

20. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Femoral
^160/^100
Cardiac Output
arrhythmia

21. Newborn
hypotension
30-80
16-20
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

22. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Pedal pulse
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

23. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
raises BP.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Brachial

24. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
dyspnea
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
72 bpm
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

25. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
hypotension
remittent
wheeze
tachycardia

26. What are the 5 vital signs?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
It will also fall
Convection
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

27. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Hyperventilation
pyrogens

28. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
60 to 70 mL
^160/^100
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
arrhythmia

29. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

30. Side of wrist
Pulse pressure
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Radial
Biot's respirations

31. Taking a rectal temperature
96.5 to 97.5
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
popliteal

32. Normal body temperature ranges?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
97.5 to 99.5
pyrexia

33. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
^160/^100
ausculatation
Diastolic pressure
It will also fall

34. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Convection
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
60 to 70 mL

35. Average blood pressure should be
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Apical
orthostatic hypertension
120/70

36. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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37. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Crisis
Stertor
120/70
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

38. High BP
+2
Cheyenne-Stokes
pyrexia
hypertension

39. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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40. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
+3
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
hypotension

41. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Biot's

42. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Diaphoresis
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

43. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
20-30
popliteal
hypertension

44. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
140-159/90-99
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
16-20

45. Substances tat cause fever
Femoral
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
pyrogens
popliteal

46. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Evaporation
shallow or slow breathing
Pedal pulse

47. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
Temporal
60 to 70 mL
Cheyenne-Stokes

48. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
Temporal
20-30
Axillary.

49. Abrupt decline in fever
Respiration
Crisis
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

50. Sex BP?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
raises BP.
Pulse pressure
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

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Measuring Vital Signs

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