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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Conduction
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
low BP

2. Groin area
16-20
Femoral
carotid
palpate

3. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

4. Low oxygen
Apical
Eupnea
hypoxia
apnea

5. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Cardiac Output
120/80
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
tachycardia

6. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
ausculatation
Diastolic pressure
16-20

7. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
+1

8. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
crackles
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
12-20

9. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
It will also fall
Irregular

10. This affects the character of the pulse.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
raises BP.
hyperoxia
Stroke Volume

11. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Diaphoresis
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Biot's respirations
Hypothermia

12. People most at risk for hypertension
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

13. Side of wrist
wheeze
Core Temperature
Stroke volume
Radial

14. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
low BP
Irregular
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

15. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Pulse pressure
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

16. Diurnal variation BP?
97.5 to 99.5
Respiration
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Irregular

17. Stress & emotions. BP?
intermittent
shallow or slow breathing
higher
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

18. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Crisis
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Respiration
Radial

19. Signs and symptoms of shock
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
pyrexia
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
constant

20. Barely palpable
140-159/90-99
Feeble
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

21. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
bradypnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
hypoxia
Apical

22. Taking a rectal temperature
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
12-20
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
raises BP.

23. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
30-80

24. Side of neck
arrhythmia
Crisis
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
carotid

25. Adolescent
ausculatation
16-20
absent
+2

26. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Hypothermia

27. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Apical
dyspnea

28. Head injury BP?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
raises BP.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

29. Risk for prolonged hypertension
intermittent
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Kussmaul's respiration
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

30. How is pulse best found?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
absent
Stertor
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

31. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Relapsing
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

32. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
left Sims position
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

33. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Diaphoresis
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

34. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
stridor
low
carotid

35. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Pulse pressure
Irregular

36. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
+3
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

37. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

38. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Respiration
Core Temperature

39. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Respiration
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Relapsing

40. Taking axillary temperature
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Feeble
Posterior tibial
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

41. Newborn
Biot's
97.5 to 99.5
30-80
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

42. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Eupnea
bradypnea
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

43. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
popliteal
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
palpate
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

44. How do drugs affect pulse?
16-20
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Core Temperature
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

45. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Posterior tibial
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
72 bpm

46. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
popliteal
the lungs
Stroke volume
120/70

47. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
120/80
Diaphoresis

48. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Kussmaul's respiration
hypoxemia

49. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
remittent
popliteal
higher
low

50. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

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Measuring Vital Signs

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