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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
lysis
stridor
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

2. Signs and symptoms of shock
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
pyrogens
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

3. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
Korotkoff sounds
thready
higher
bradycardia

4. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Pulse
raises BP.

5. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
shallow or slow breathing
Biot's
120/80

6. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
fever
Stertor
120/70
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

7. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
raises BP.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
wheeze
Rhonchi

8. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
hypoxemia
120/80
Brachial

9. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
the lungs
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

10. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
remittent
pyrogens
Stroke volume
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

11. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
low BP
Rhonchi
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
lysis

12. Sex BP?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

13. 1st stage of fever is?
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Pedal pulse
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
absent

14. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
bradycardia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

15. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
hypoxia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
96.5 to 97.5

16. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
low
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

17. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
pyrogens
hypoxia
Systolic pressure
^160/^100

18. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Cardiac Output
^160/^100
Irregular
carotid

19. Rectal temperature are
Core Temperature
palpate
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

20. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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21. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Tachypnea

22. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
120/70
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
stridor

23. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
^160/^100
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
oximeter

24. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
left Sims position
hyperoxia
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

25. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
low BP
Conduction
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

26. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Conduction
Respiration
60 to 70 mL
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

27. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
carotid
wheeze
arrhythmia
Cheyenne-Stokes

28. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
dyspnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
12-20

29. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Core Temperature
absent
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

30. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
96.5 to 97.5
hypertension
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

31. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Axillary.
Convection

32. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Tachypnea
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

33. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Stroke Volume
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

34. Normal body temperature ranges?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Pulse pressure
Pedal pulse
97.5 to 99.5

35. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
^160/^100
intermittent
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
120-139/80-89

36. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Korotkoff sounds
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hyperoxia

37. Axillary temperature are
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Stroke volume
intermittent
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

38. Enviromental temperature BP?
raises BP.
left Sims position
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

39. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
crackles
hypotension
Biot's

40. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
raises BP.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Hypothermia

41. Bend of elbow
Brachial
Core Temperature
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Pedal pulse

42. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
bradypnea
hypertension
low BP

43. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Biot's
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Convection
tachycardia

44. How does age affect pulse?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
BMR
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

45. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
dyspnea
tachycardia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

46. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Systolic pressure

47. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
Pedal pulse
tachycardia
lysis

48. Side of wrist
Femoral
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Radial

49. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
120/80
Hyperventilation
Irregular
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

50. What are the 5 vital signs?
Eupnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.