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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
+3
constant
Dorsalis pedis

2. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
dyspnea
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

3. Rectal temperature are
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Crisis
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
shallow or slow breathing

4. This affects the character of the pulse.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Stroke Volume

5. Enviromental temperature BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
higher
hyperoxia
stridor

6. Side of forehead
Temporal
thready
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

7. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
hypoxia

8. 2nd stage of fever is?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
popliteal
120-139/80-89
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

9. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Crisis
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
^160/^100
Core Temperature

10. Sex BP?
Hyperventilation
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
orthostatic hypertension

11. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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12. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
BMR
96.5 to 97.5
arrhythmia
orthostatic hypertension

13. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Radial
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

14. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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15. Symptoms of hypoxia
20-30
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
+2

16. High BP
BMR
low BP
wheeze
hypertension

17. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
72 bpm
Crisis

18. Side of wrist
Convection
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Radial
low

19. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Diastolic pressure
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
wheeze
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

20. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Biot's respirations
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
It will also fall

21. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypotension
Systolic pressure
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

22. People most at risk for hypertension
intermittent
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
120-139/80-89

23. Inside ankle
bradycardia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Posterior tibial
higher

24. Average blood pressure should be
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Cardiac Output
intermittent
120/70

25. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

26. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

27. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
bradypnea
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

28. Stage 1 hypertension
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
It will also fall
140-159/90-99
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

29. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
dyspnea
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
the lungs

30. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
hypoxemia

31. 3 yr old
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Feeble
Diaphoresis
20-30

32. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
apnea
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

33. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Femoral
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
ausculatation

34. Stage 2 hypertension
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
^160/^100

35. An example of nursing planning
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
16-20
Axillary.

36. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
pyrexia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

37. Bend of knee
popliteal
low
Stroke volume
hypotension

38. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
Kussmaul's respiration
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

39. When is apicial pulse used?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Pulse
left Sims position

40. Abrupt decline in fever
Evaporation
Crisis
12-20
+3

41. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
Posterior tibial
Pulse
apnea

42. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
stridor
Cheyenne-Stokes
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

43. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
oximeter
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
constant

44. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
hypoxia
Rhonchi
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

45. Absence of breathing
Feeble
Temporal
apnea
Evaporation

46. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Pulse pressure
wheeze
120/80

47. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
crackles
lysis

48. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Crisis
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
12-20

49. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
crackles
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

50. Risk for prolonged hypertension
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.