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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
60 to 70 mL
Evaporation
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

2. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Conduction
60 to 70 mL
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

3. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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4. Substances tat cause fever
Core Temperature
Respiration
pyrogens
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

5. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
97.5 to 99.5
120-139/80-89
20-30
crackles

6. How is shock caused?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Crisis
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
palpate

7. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

8. Taking axillary temperature
Radial
Axillary.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

9. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
72 bpm
oximeter
Diaphoresis
Posterior tibial

10. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
140-159/90-99
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

11. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Dorsalis pedis
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

12. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Crisis
stridor
low BP

13. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Femoral
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
carotid
Pulse pressure

14. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
oximeter
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
BMR

15. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Irregular
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Convection

16. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
^160/^100
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
97.5 to 99.5

17. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
fever

18. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Posterior tibial
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
140-159/90-99

19. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Pulse pressure
Stroke Volume
Evaporation
Relapsing

20. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

21. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Brachial
hypotension

22. 1st stage of fever is?
crackles
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

23. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
ausculatation
Convection
Eupnea
low

24. Abrupt decline in fever
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Pulse
Crisis

25. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Hypothermia
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

26. State of insufficient oxygen
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
stridor
Temporal
hypoxia

27. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
intermittent
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Core Temperature
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

28. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
pyrogens
hypoxemia
Convection

29. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
hypotension
constant
wheeze
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

30. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
fever
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

31. Side of neck
Temporal
carotid
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

32. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Feeble
Eupnea
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
120/80

33. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
crackles
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Pedal pulse

34. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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35. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
dyspnea
low BP
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
hyperoxia

36. How does age affect pulse?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
It will also fall
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Diastolic pressure

37. Fever above 100.2 F
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
pyrexia
oximetry
pyrogens

38. Prehypertension
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
120-139/80-89
Systolic pressure

39. Hearing
Cardiac Output
ausculatation
16-20
hyperoxia

40. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
Systolic pressure
Radial
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

41. Enviromental temperature BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
carotid
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

42. Taking a rectal temperature
Brachial
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

43. Head injury BP?
Stroke Volume
12-20
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
raises BP.

44. Sex BP?
hypoxemia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

45. Barely palpable
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
20-30
Conduction
Feeble

46. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Rhonchi
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
16-20
dyspnea

47. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Korotkoff sounds
bradypnea
20-30
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

48. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
hyperoxia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

49. Low oxygen
Diaphoresis
hypoxia
Rhonchi
Tachypnea

50. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Irregular
low BP
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds