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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
stridor
Posterior tibial

2. Head injury BP?
Rhonchi
raises BP.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Tachypnea

3. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
^160/^100

4. Lobes in the lungs?
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

5. Those at risk for hypothermia include
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
120-139/80-89
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

6. How is pulse best found?
hypertension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

7. Fever above 100.2 F
16-20
20-30
pyrexia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

8. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
Hypothermia
left Sims position
72 bpm

9. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
the lungs

10. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
absent
orthostatic hypertension
Hypothermia
120/80

11. Measurement of oxygen
Respiration
oximetry
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

12. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

13. What are the 5 vital signs?
the lungs
16-20
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

14. How do drugs affect pulse?
hypoxia
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

15. Elevated temperature
fever
hypoxemia
absent
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

16. Gradual return to a normal temperature
20-30
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
lysis

17. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
hyperoxia

18. Bend of knee
popliteal
97.5 to 99.5
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

19. Side of forehead
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Temporal
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
ausculatation

20. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
apnea
absent

21. When should rectal temperatures be used?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
raises BP.
Respiration
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

22. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Pulse pressure
Evaporation
30-80
arrhythmia

23. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
20-30
Core Temperature
hypoxia

24. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
Biot's
carotid
intermittent

25. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
apnea
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

26. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
oximeter
Cheyenne-Stokes

27. People most at risk for hypertension
120/80
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Pulse
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

28. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
96.5 to 97.5
stridor
Brachial

29. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Systolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds

30. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
120/80
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
16-20
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

31. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Stertor
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Cardiac Output

32. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Hypothermia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

33. How should respirations be counted?
Eupnea
20-30
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

34. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Relapsing
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

35. Hearing
+2
hyperoxia
140-159/90-99
ausculatation

36. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
120-139/80-89
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Dorsalis pedis
dyspnea

37. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
low BP
Pedal pulse
higher
shallow or slow breathing

38. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Biot's respirations
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

39. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Pulse pressure
bradycardia

40. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hyperoxia
hypoxemia
Hyperventilation
carotid

41. Stress & emotions. BP?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
intermittent
higher

42. 3 yr old
Feeble
hypoxia
Axillary.
20-30

43. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
30-80
60 to 70 mL
crackles
16-20

44. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
+3
Conduction
Posterior tibial

45. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
hypoxia
Tachypnea
wheeze
oximetry

46. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Biot's respirations
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
hypoxia
lysis

47. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
hyperoxia
Kussmaul's respiration
higher

48. Bend of elbow
popliteal
Radial
Brachial
Stertor

49. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
+2
bradycardia
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

50. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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Measuring Vital Signs

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