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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Hypothermia
Stertor
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

2. 1st stage of fever is?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Eupnea
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

3. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Irregular
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Respiration

4. Feel
Femoral
hypotension
raises BP.
palpate

5. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
orthostatic hypertension
Core Temperature
140-159/90-99

6. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
hypertension
Diaphoresis
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

7. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Stroke volume
hypoxemia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

8. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
hypoxemia

9. People most at risk for hypertension
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Respiration
30-80
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

10. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
constant
Axillary.
Diastolic pressure

11. Low oxygen
hypoxia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Stertor

12. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
constant
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
120/80
dyspnea

13. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Respiration
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

14. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
hyperoxia
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Stertor

15. Groin area
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Femoral
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
the lungs

16. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Posterior tibial
remittent

17. How does size affect pulse?
Axillary.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
stridor

18. Risk for prolonged hypertension
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Systolic pressure
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

19. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

20. Measurement of oxygen
Convection
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
oximetry
crackles

21. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Pulse
thready
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

22. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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23. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
higher
Evaporation

24. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
hypoxemia
bradypnea
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
tachycardia

25. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Convection
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

26. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Stroke Volume
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Respiration
+2

27. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
It will also fall
carotid

28. Diurnal variation BP?
120/70
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
20-30
Relapsing

29. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
intermittent
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
the lungs
It will also fall

30. Signs and symptoms of shock
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
remittent
20-30
It will also fall

31. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Irregular
intermittent
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

32. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
crackles
Dorsalis pedis

33. Adolescent
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
16-20
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

34. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
higher
crackles

35. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
shallow or slow breathing
hypoxemia
96.5 to 97.5

36. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
shallow or slow breathing
popliteal
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
tachycardia

37. An example of a nursing diagnoses
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypotension
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

38. How should respirations be counted?
hyperoxia
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
palpate
constant

39. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
left Sims position
120-139/80-89
tachycardia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

40. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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41. How is pulse best found?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
oximeter

42. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
^160/^100
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

43. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
bradycardia
low
+3
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

44. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
20-30
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
tachycardia

45. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

46. Bend of elbow
Diastolic pressure
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Cardiac Output
Brachial

47. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Posterior tibial
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

48. Stage 1 hypertension
the lungs
hypoxia
140-159/90-99
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

49. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/70
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

50. Rectal temperature are
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Stroke Volume