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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Sex BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
16-20

2. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
+1
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
16-20

3. How is shock caused?
Eupnea
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

4. Healthly adult
12-20
the lungs
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
hypoxemia

5. How is pulse best found?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Core Temperature

6. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Dorsalis pedis
Tachypnea
lysis
Kussmaul's respiration

7. How does external respiration occur?
Irregular
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

8. Stress & emotions. BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
96.5 to 97.5
higher

9. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
140-159/90-99
tachycardia
Biot's
BMR

10. High BP
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypertension
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

11. Weak and may be irregular
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
remittent
orthostatic hypertension
thready

12. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
palpate
thready
arrhythmia
carotid

13. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
16-20
Pedal pulse
120/70

14. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
apnea
Tachypnea
30-80

15. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
+2
raises BP.
oximeter

16. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
96.5 to 97.5
Cardiac Output
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

17. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Cardiac Output
Convection
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

18. Side of neck
carotid
arrhythmia
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

19. Average blood pressure should be
hypoxia
Convection
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
120/70

20. Enviromental temperature BP?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Cardiac Output
16-20

21. Bend of elbow
Temporal
Brachial
120/80
Diaphoresis

22. What are the 5 vital signs?
140-159/90-99
bradypnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

23. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
60 to 70 mL
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

24. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
bradypnea
hypoxia

25. High oxygen
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Hypothermia
hyperoxia
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

26. Elderly respiration
16-20
Diastolic pressure
^160/^100
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

27. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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28. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Convection
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
140-159/90-99

29. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
96.5 to 97.5
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

30. 3 yr old
orthostatic hypertension
Conduction
arrhythmia
20-30

31. Prehypertension
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
120-139/80-89
the lungs
stridor

32. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Stroke Volume
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
60 to 70 mL
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

33. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Stroke Volume
^160/^100

34. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
intermittent
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

35. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
120-139/80-89

36. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Stertor
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

37. Hearing
wheeze
ausculatation
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

38. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
120/70

39. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
stridor
Feeble
remittent
30-80

40. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
+3
left Sims position
120/70

41. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
low BP
Temporal
72 bpm

42. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Posterior tibial
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Hyperventilation

43. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
crackles
carotid
dyspnea

44. Measurement of oxygen
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Temporal
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
oximetry

45. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Axillary.

46. When is apicial pulse used?
Hyperventilation
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
72 bpm
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

47. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Hyperventilation

48. This affects the character of the pulse.
Diastolic pressure
Stroke Volume
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
carotid

49. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
remittent
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
hypoxia

50. Taking a rectal temperature
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
120/80