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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Stroke volume
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
dyspnea

2. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
arrhythmia
Rhonchi
popliteal

3. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
wheeze
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
pyrogens

4. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

5. High BP
Apical
Korotkoff sounds
hypertension
Conduction

6. Absence of breathing
12-20
apnea
Hypothermia
Dorsalis pedis

7. Stage 2 hypertension
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
^160/^100
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
oximeter

8. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
120-139/80-89
raises BP.
Core Temperature
crackles

9. Substances tat cause fever
Korotkoff sounds
pyrogens
crackles
120/80

10. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Pulse pressure
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
bradycardia

11. Lobes in the lungs?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
fever
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

12. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Diastolic pressure
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Axillary.

13. How do you measure the apical pulse?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Radial

14. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
absent
Relapsing
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
hypertension

15. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
120/80
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
oximeter
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

16. Prehypertension
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
tachycardia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
120-139/80-89

17. Groin area
palpate
Femoral
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Diaphoresis

18. Average blood pressure should be
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
hypertension
crackles
120/70

19. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Stroke Volume
+2
low BP

20. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Conduction

21. How do drugs affect pulse?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

22. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Brachial
Crisis
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

23. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
+2

24. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Korotkoff sounds
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

25. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
stridor
pyrexia
the lungs

26. Normal body temperature ranges?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Biot's
97.5 to 99.5
raises BP.

27. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
Axillary.
Brachial
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
absent

28. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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29. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Core Temperature
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Conduction

30. When should rectal temperatures be used?
lysis
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

31. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
oximeter
+3
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
hypertension

32. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
97.5 to 99.5
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

33. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Temporal

34. High oxygen
constant
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hyperoxia
Crisis

35. Diurnal variation BP?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
hypoxemia
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
shallow or slow breathing

36. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
orthostatic hypertension
Convection
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

37. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
20-30
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Pulse pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

38. How is shock caused?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
oximeter
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
+1

39. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
the lungs
pyrogens
Stroke volume
bradycardia

40. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
hypoxemia
96.5 to 97.5
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
stridor

41. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
thready
Pulse

42. What are the 5 vital signs?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

43. How does external respiration occur?
Radial
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

44. 2nd stage of fever is?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
hypoxia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

45. Elevated temperature
tachycardia
Systolic pressure
Respiration
fever

46. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Conduction
crackles
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

47. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
Relapsing
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

48. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
16-20
60 to 70 mL
orthostatic hypertension
Cheyenne-Stokes

49. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
Biot's respirations
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
dyspnea

50. People most at risk for hypertension
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
60 to 70 mL