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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Enviromental temperature BP?
12-20
hyperoxia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
thready

2. 3 yr old
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
20-30
crackles
Posterior tibial

3. Weak and may be irregular
thready
Evaporation
hypoxia
absent

4. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
absent
72 bpm
fever

5. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
Irregular
+3
Feeble
absent

6. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
orthostatic hypertension
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
97.5 to 99.5

7. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
Feeble
140-159/90-99
raises BP.

8. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
Biot's respirations
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

9. Top of left foot
Feeble
Dorsalis pedis
oximeter
Hypothermia

10. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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11. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
lysis
Tachypnea

12. How is pulse best found?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Posterior tibial

13. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
fever
Conduction
absent

14. Symptoms of hypoxia
Stertor
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Cardiac Output
Tachypnea

15. Hearing
Brachial
Relapsing
ausculatation
higher

16. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
intermittent
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Irregular

17. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Conduction
Apical
lysis
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

18. Absence of breathing
Diaphoresis
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
apnea
oximetry

19. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
palpate
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
raises BP.

20. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
hypoxemia
Convection
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

21. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
crackles
Crisis
carotid
stridor

22. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
dyspnea

23. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
120/80
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

24. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Evaporation
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Rhonchi
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

25. How should respirations be counted?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Stroke Volume

26. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

27. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
low
Respiration

28. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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29. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
hyperoxia
Stroke volume
tachycardia
Hypothermia

30. This affects the character of the pulse.
120/80
Korotkoff sounds
Stroke Volume
Stertor

31. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
Stertor
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Hypothermia

32. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Evaporation
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
97.5 to 99.5
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

33. State of insufficient oxygen
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
oximetry
hypoxia
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

34. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
hypoxemia
Hypothermia

35. An example of nursing planning
thready
constant
tachycardia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

36. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
low
the lungs
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Korotkoff sounds

37. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
72 bpm
120/80

38. Bend of elbow
Brachial
bradypnea
wheeze
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

39. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
Brachial
Feeble
Biot's respirations

40. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Dorsalis pedis
30-80
the lungs
Brachial

41. Stage 2 hypertension
16-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
^160/^100

42. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Respiration
hypoxemia
120/70
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

43. When should rectal temperatures be used?
fever
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

44. The average temperature in the older adult
bradypnea
96.5 to 97.5
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
30-80

45. Side of wrist
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Biot's
Femoral
Radial

46. Taking a rectal temperature
orthostatic hypertension
120/80
stridor
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

47. Prehypertension
oximetry
120-139/80-89
pyrexia
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

48. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Pulse pressure
arrhythmia

49. When is apicial pulse used?
Relapsing
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
popliteal
16-20

50. High BP
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
hypotension
Brachial
hypertension