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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Pulse pressure
bradypnea
Cheyenne-Stokes
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

2. How should respirations be counted?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Apical
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

3. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Biot's respirations
Stertor

4. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
orthostatic hypertension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
60 to 70 mL
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

5. BP at or lower 90/60.
Temporal
hypotension
Feeble
hyperoxia

6. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Stroke Volume
Stroke volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Respiration

7. Prehypertension
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
fever
120-139/80-89

8. Average pulse rate for an adult
hypertension
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
72 bpm
Temporal

9. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Respiration
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
oximetry
Tachypnea

10. How is pulse best found?
Crisis
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Rhonchi
Dorsalis pedis

11. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Stroke Volume
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Relapsing
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

12. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Rhonchi
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
fever

13. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Evaporation
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

14. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
hypotension
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

15. An example of nursing planning
30-80
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Biot's

16. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Dorsalis pedis
16-20

17. Sex BP?
remittent
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
120-139/80-89
apnea

18. Newborn
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
bradycardia
remittent
30-80

19. Feel
palpate
Brachial
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

20. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
16-20
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
wheeze
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

21. 3 yr old
Pulse pressure
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Eupnea
20-30

22. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Hyperventilation
Korotkoff sounds

23. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Axillary.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
the lungs
12-20

24. Lobes in the lungs?
raises BP.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

25. Low oxygen
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
hypoxia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Pulse pressure

26. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
left Sims position
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

27. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
Dorsalis pedis
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
intermittent

28. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
tachycardia
orthostatic hypertension
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

29. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

30. How does age affect pulse?
Posterior tibial
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

31. Substances tat cause fever
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Conduction
pyrexia
pyrogens

32. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
+2
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
hypoxemia
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

33. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
intermittent
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Conduction

34. Stage 1 hypertension
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Eupnea
140-159/90-99
Posterior tibial

35. Side of forehead
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
97.5 to 99.5
Temporal
dyspnea

36. People most at risk for hypertension
Hyperventilation
Radial
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

37. Weak and may be irregular
oximeter
palpate
Diastolic pressure
thready

38. Heart
intermittent
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Apical
lysis

39. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Convection
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

40. Elderly respiration
hypoxia
16-20
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

41. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
left Sims position
hypoxia
arrhythmia

42. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
orthostatic hypertension
Temporal
Pulse pressure

43. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
tachycardia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Stertor
oximeter

44. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
shallow or slow breathing
Cardiac Output

45. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
wheeze
96.5 to 97.5

46. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Convection
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
left Sims position
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

47. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
orthostatic hypertension
oximeter
Brachial
Cheyenne-Stokes

48. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
Respiration
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

49. When should rectal temperatures be used?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
16-20

50. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
72 bpm
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Apical