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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Taking axillary temperature
Stroke volume
120/80
97.5 to 99.5
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

2. Hearing
apnea
ausculatation
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Cardiac Output

3. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
popliteal
wheeze
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

4. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Stertor
Irregular
+1

5. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
16-20
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

6. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Stroke Volume
Diastolic pressure

7. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
low

8. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Temporal
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Dorsalis pedis

9. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Temporal
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Conduction

10. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Axillary.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Stertor

11. How should respirations be counted?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
120-139/80-89
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

12. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
+3
Korotkoff sounds
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

13. Side of wrist
Respiration
16-20
Radial
120/70

14. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
low BP
Systolic pressure
Eupnea
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

15. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Stroke Volume

16. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
bradycardia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
orthostatic hypertension

17. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Biot's
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
stridor
crackles

18. Fever above 100.2 F
96.5 to 97.5
pyrexia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Pulse

19. How does external respiration occur?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
palpate

20. How does size affect pulse?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

21. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
wheeze

22. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Core Temperature
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Pedal pulse
Diastolic pressure

23. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
tachycardia
Core Temperature
hypertension
remittent

24. How is shock caused?
Evaporation
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Eupnea
left Sims position

25. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
BMR
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
the lungs

26. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
intermittent
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

27. Side of forehead
Feeble
Temporal
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Conduction

28. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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29. Low oxygen
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypoxia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

30. Average blood pressure should be
lysis
+1
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/70

31. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Diaphoresis
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
bradypnea
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

32. Absence of breathing
bradypnea
pyrexia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
apnea

33. Top of left foot
120-139/80-89
Dorsalis pedis
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Temporal

34. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
remittent
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
low BP
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

35. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
+2
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Evaporation

36. High oxygen
hyperoxia
shallow or slow breathing
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Relapsing

37. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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38. Average pulse rate for an adult
Stertor
72 bpm
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

39. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Posterior tibial
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
apnea

40. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
crackles
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
oximetry
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

41. Lobes in the lungs?
orthostatic hypertension
20-30
+1
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

42. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
hypoxemia

43. Excessive sweat production
120-139/80-89
Diaphoresis
left Sims position
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

44. Normal body temperature ranges?
Systolic pressure
bradypnea
orthostatic hypertension
97.5 to 99.5

45. Axillary temperature are
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
hypoxia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

46. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Core Temperature
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Diaphoresis

47. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
left Sims position
Biot's respirations
hypertension

48. Newborn
30-80
Pulse
Pulse pressure
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

49. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
tachycardia
Evaporation
Femoral
Cardiac Output

50. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Cardiac Output
absent