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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

2. How does age affect pulse?
carotid
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Conduction
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

3. 2nd stage of fever is?
Cardiac Output
Systolic pressure
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

4. How does external respiration occur?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Hypothermia
low BP

5. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
12-20
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Brachial

6. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
+2
oximeter
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

7. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
left Sims position
Stertor
Cheyenne-Stokes

8. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

9. How should respirations be counted?
Apical
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
bradycardia

10. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Diastolic pressure
Dorsalis pedis

11. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Diaphoresis
absent
arrhythmia

12. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Cardiac Output
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

13. Barely palpable
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Feeble
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

14. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
hypoxia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
popliteal

15. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Stroke volume
+1

16. High oxygen
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hyperoxia
fever
Relapsing

17. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
16-20
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Diaphoresis

18. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Systolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds
Relapsing

19. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
hypotension

20. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
140-159/90-99
Feeble
Cardiac Output

21. Risk for prolonged hypertension
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
stridor
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

22. Side of forehead
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Diastolic pressure
Temporal

23. Stage 2 hypertension
thready
bradypnea
^160/^100
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

24. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
Apical
crackles
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

25. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
+3
Evaporation
orthostatic hypertension
Axillary.

26. People most at risk for hypertension
Pulse
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
60 to 70 mL
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

27. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
+3
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

28. Healthly adult
12-20
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

29. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Hypothermia
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

30. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
oximetry
72 bpm
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

31. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
16-20
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

32. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
wheeze
thready
Evaporation

33. The average temperature in the older adult
Irregular
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
96.5 to 97.5
Convection

34. Sex BP?
fever
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
12-20
+3

35. How is pulse best found?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Conduction
remittent
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

36. Fever above 100.2 F
60 to 70 mL
pyrexia
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
oximeter

37. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Cheyenne-Stokes
+2
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Feeble

38. Enviromental temperature BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Evaporation
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
palpate

39. State of insufficient oxygen
60 to 70 mL
hypoxia
Pedal pulse
constant

40. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
bradypnea
palpate
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

41. Lobes in the lungs?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Tachypnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

42. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Pulse pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

43. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
constant
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

44. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
97.5 to 99.5
120/80
Brachial

45. Diurnal variation BP?
120-139/80-89
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
hyperoxia
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

46. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Apical
wheeze

47. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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48. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

49. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
stridor
arrhythmia

50. Average blood pressure should be
97.5 to 99.5
20-30
tachycardia
120/70