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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Hearing
120/70
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
ausculatation
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

2. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
97.5 to 99.5
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

3. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Stroke Volume
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
carotid

4. High oxygen
Dorsalis pedis
hyperoxia
Stertor
Feeble

5. Weak and may be irregular
96.5 to 97.5
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
thready
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

6. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
lysis
absent
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
carotid

7. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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8. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
absent
Irregular
Axillary.
97.5 to 99.5

9. This affects the character of the pulse.
16-20
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Relapsing
Stroke Volume

10. Barely palpable
Feeble
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
raises BP.
12-20

11. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
tachycardia
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

12. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
hypotension
Hyperventilation
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
+1

13. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Crisis
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

14. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
72 bpm
Pulse
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

15. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Temporal

16. How should respirations be counted?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
ausculatation
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
tachycardia

17. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Pulse
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

18. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
arrhythmia

19. Feel
Systolic pressure
hyperoxia
120-139/80-89
palpate

20. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
72 bpm
Eupnea
stridor
BMR

21. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Stertor

22. BP at or lower 90/60.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
hypotension
Axillary.

23. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
higher
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
ausculatation
Biot's

24. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
pyrogens
tachycardia
Diastolic pressure
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

25. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
Brachial
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
dyspnea
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

26. How is pulse best found?
carotid
Core Temperature
Evaporation
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

27. An example of nursing planning
bradycardia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Temporal
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

28. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Respiration
thready
pyrogens

29. 1st stage of fever is?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
hyperoxia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
+2

30. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Irregular
120/80
Convection
Conduction

31. 3 yr old
It will also fall
Rhonchi
20-30
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

32. Elevated temperature
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
72 bpm
fever

33. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Core Temperature
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

34. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
72 bpm
Stroke volume
crackles
+1

35. Absence of breathing
Systolic pressure
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
apnea
Korotkoff sounds

36. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Hypothermia
BMR
Diastolic pressure

37. High BP
pyrogens
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
hypotension
hypertension

38. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
ausculatation
140-159/90-99
the lungs
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

39. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
oximeter
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
96.5 to 97.5
wheeze

40. Measurement of oxygen
oximetry
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

41. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
orthostatic hypertension
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Relapsing
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

42. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Irregular
raises BP.

43. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
72 bpm
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
low BP
30-80

44. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Eupnea
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Hypothermia

45. Stress & emotions. BP?
Diastolic pressure
higher
+1
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

46. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
+2
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
low BP

47. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Diastolic pressure
16-20
120/80
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

48. Risk for prolonged hypertension
16-20
Biot's
pyrogens
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

49. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
constant
Convection
Tachypnea
intermittent

50. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
fever
Diaphoresis