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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Symptoms of hypoxia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

2. Those at risk for hypothermia include
carotid
Evaporation
Biot's
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

3. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
fever
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

4. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
Radial
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

5. Normal body temperature ranges?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
120/80
97.5 to 99.5
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

6. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
orthostatic hypertension
Systolic pressure

7. An example of a nursing diagnoses
12-20
Stroke volume
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Hyperventilation

8. People most at risk for hypertension
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
ausculatation
Pedal pulse

9. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
arrhythmia
Cardiac Output

10. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
72 bpm
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Rhonchi

11. Feel
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
raises BP.
palpate

12. Elevated temperature
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
fever
hypoxia

13. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
remittent
Apical
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Radial

14. Heart
Apical
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
left Sims position
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

15. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
Conduction
16-20
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

16. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
hypertension
crackles
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Relapsing

17. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Convection
+2
hypotension

18. An example of nursing planning
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Brachial
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

19. Groin area
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Femoral
hypertension
Brachial

20. How is pulse best found?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
orthostatic hypertension
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

21. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
16-20
BMR

22. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
bradycardia
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

23. Low oxygen
hypoxia
low
thready
BMR

24. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
arrhythmia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Stroke volume
tachycardia

25. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
72 bpm
Pulse

26. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Hyperventilation
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Posterior tibial

27. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
oximetry
stridor
Temporal
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

28. Head injury BP?
Biot's
raises BP.
120/80
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

29. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
hypoxia

30. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
hypoxemia
Conduction
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Rhonchi

31. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
12-20
60 to 70 mL
popliteal

32. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
+1
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

33. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Axillary.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
intermittent

34. Abrupt decline in fever
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Diaphoresis
Crisis
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

35. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
low
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
bradycardia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

36. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
oximeter
higher

37. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Apical
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

38. How is shock caused?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
bradycardia
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Brachial

39. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Posterior tibial
Core Temperature
the lungs
Brachial

40. High BP
96.5 to 97.5
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
hypertension
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

41. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
Axillary.
hypertension
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

42. Stage 1 hypertension
lysis
140-159/90-99
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
120-139/80-89

43. Bend of knee
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

44. State of insufficient oxygen
Cheyenne-Stokes
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
hypoxia
Systolic pressure

45. Side of forehead
Temporal
Hyperventilation
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
20-30

46. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Relapsing
Biot's respirations
Convection

47. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
shallow or slow breathing
pyrogens
BMR

48. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
arrhythmia
Hyperventilation

49. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
^160/^100
Stroke volume
140-159/90-99

50. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Brachial
Conduction
the rate - the rhythm - and volume