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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
popliteal
hypoxemia
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

2. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
tachycardia
Conduction

3. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Pulse
low BP
arrhythmia

4. Newborn
+2
30-80
Pedal pulse
Pulse pressure

5. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
raises BP.
Dorsalis pedis
Cheyenne-Stokes
left Sims position

6. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
low
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
orthostatic hypertension

7. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
constant
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Conduction

8. Taking axillary temperature
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

9. Normal body temperature ranges?
popliteal
97.5 to 99.5
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
96.5 to 97.5

10. Abrupt decline in fever
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Crisis
Diastolic pressure

11. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
oximeter
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
pyrogens
Diastolic pressure

12. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Irregular
hypoxemia
Respiration
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

13. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
ausculatation
hypoxemia
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Pedal pulse

14. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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15. Enviromental temperature BP?
low BP
Brachial
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Relapsing

16. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Pulse pressure
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Respiration
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

17. Low oxygen
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
hypoxia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

18. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
dyspnea

19. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Pulse
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Stroke Volume

20. Sex BP?
120/80
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
ausculatation
16-20

21. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
Cheyenne-Stokes
hypertension
dyspnea
16-20

22. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

23. Stage 2 hypertension
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
^160/^100
60 to 70 mL
20-30

24. Hearing
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
orthostatic hypertension
ausculatation
97.5 to 99.5

25. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
hypoxia
Eupnea
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
bradypnea

26. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Irregular

27. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
palpate
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Rhonchi
intermittent

28. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

29. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
BMR
Pulse pressure

30. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
Pulse pressure
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
absent
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

31. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
intermittent
30-80
stridor
+2

32. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
pyrogens
Systolic pressure
Feeble
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

33. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
intermittent
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
dyspnea

34. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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35. Fever above 100.2 F
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
pyrexia
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypertension

36. 3rd stage of fever?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

37. Taking a rectal temperature
Stroke Volume
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

38. Adolescent
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
30-80
16-20
Pulse

39. Average blood pressure should be
Cardiac Output
120/70
+3
BMR

40. How should baby's temperature be taken?
pyrogens
120/80
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Axillary.

41. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypotension
thready
120-139/80-89

42. Average pulse rate for an adult
higher
Hypothermia
140-159/90-99
72 bpm

43. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Cheyenne-Stokes
fever
Eupnea
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

44. How does size affect pulse?
oximetry
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Respiration
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

45. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
orthostatic hypertension
apnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

46. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
^160/^100
the lungs
+3
hypotension

47. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
wheeze
Femoral
Cardiac Output

48. Top of left foot
97.5 to 99.5
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Dorsalis pedis

49. An example of nursing planning
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
hyperoxia
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

50. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Systolic pressure
Convection
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Respiration