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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
Brachial
stridor
Convection

2. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
crackles
20-30
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

3. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
tachycardia
Stroke Volume
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

4. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

5. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
left Sims position
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

6. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
low

7. This affects the character of the pulse.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
constant
Eupnea
Stroke Volume

8. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
constant
absent
120/80
It will also fall

9. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
Kussmaul's respiration
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
bradycardia
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

10. Bend of elbow
Radial
oximetry
120/80
Brachial

11. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
lysis
Hypothermia

12. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
constant
Stroke volume

13. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
96.5 to 97.5
hyperoxia
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

14. Average blood pressure should be
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
120/70
Dorsalis pedis
the lungs

15. Bend of knee
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Core Temperature
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
popliteal

16. Sex BP?
oximeter
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
120-139/80-89
raises BP.

17. Side of neck
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
carotid
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

18. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
remittent
wheeze

19. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
constant
intermittent

20. Stage 1 hypertension
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
140-159/90-99
left Sims position

21. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Convection
+3

22. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
popliteal
Diaphoresis
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

23. Newborn
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
lysis
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
30-80

24. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
arrhythmia
thready

25. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
ausculatation
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
carotid
Hyperventilation

26. High BP
Conduction
hypertension
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
hypotension

27. How does external respiration occur?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Feeble
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

28. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
dyspnea
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Cardiac Output

29. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
constant

30. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Brachial
Diastolic pressure
thready
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

31. People most at risk for hypertension
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
lysis
popliteal
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

32. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Irregular
dyspnea
Biot's

33. State of insufficient oxygen
hypotension
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hypoxia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

34. Groin area
left Sims position
Diastolic pressure
Femoral
low BP

35. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
low BP
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

36. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

37. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
120/70
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
shallow or slow breathing

38. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Hypothermia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
crackles

39. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
bradypnea
tachycardia
constant

40. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Eupnea
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
lysis

41. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
12-20
raises BP.
97.5 to 99.5
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

42. Healthly adult
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
12-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
97.5 to 99.5

43. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Stertor
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Core Temperature

44. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
lysis
16-20
97.5 to 99.5
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

45. Stress & emotions. BP?
higher
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Diaphoresis
Posterior tibial

46. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
arrhythmia
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

47. Weak and may be irregular
Stroke volume
thready
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

48. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
hypoxemia
hypertension
120-139/80-89

49. Abrupt decline in fever
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Crisis
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
30-80

50. Hearing
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
ausculatation
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

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Measuring Vital Signs

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