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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
bradypnea
low BP
Respiration
Evaporation

2. How is shock caused?
BMR
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Core Temperature

3. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
It will also fall
120/70
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

4. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
12-20
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

5. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
60 to 70 mL

6. Feel
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
palpate
bradycardia
BMR

7. Elevated temperature
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
fever
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

8. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Rhonchi
^160/^100
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

9. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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10. Enviromental temperature BP?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
constant
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
97.5 to 99.5

11. How should respirations be counted?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Feeble
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

12. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
120/70
Conduction
Cardiac Output

13. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
tachycardia
ausculatation

14. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
oximeter
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Stroke Volume

15. An example of a nursing diagnoses
intermittent
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Eupnea
stridor

16. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
30-80
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

17. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Stroke volume
16-20

18. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
low BP
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Stertor

19. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Eupnea
hypoxia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

20. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
low BP
20-30
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

21. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
hypoxia
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

22. Low oxygen
Eupnea
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hypoxia

23. Stress & emotions. BP?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
higher
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Stroke volume

24. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
shallow or slow breathing
+2
apnea
wheeze

25. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
higher
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Apical
Convection

26. Weak and may be irregular
72 bpm
pyrexia
thready
Eupnea

27. How does external respiration occur?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
tachycardia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

28. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
left Sims position
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

29. Heart
Radial
Apical
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

30. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Systolic pressure
Cheyenne-Stokes
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

31. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
apnea
crackles
hypoxemia
bradycardia

32. Groin area
Femoral
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

33. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
hypertension
Cardiac Output
30-80

34. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
+2
palpate
Cardiac Output
dyspnea

35. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
Respiration
lysis
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

36. Bend of elbow
Brachial
Posterior tibial
72 bpm
hypotension

37. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
120/80
intermittent

38. Bend of knee
popliteal
shallow or slow breathing
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
left Sims position

39. State of insufficient oxygen
Cheyenne-Stokes
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Irregular
hypoxia

40. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Biot's
Diastolic pressure
wheeze
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

41. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
oximeter
ausculatation
constant
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

42. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Pulse
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
raises BP.

43. How do drugs affect pulse?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Tachypnea
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

44. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
Core Temperature
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

45. How does age affect pulse?
wheeze
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
72 bpm
97.5 to 99.5

46. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
raises BP.
+3
120/80
Apical

47. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Irregular
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

48. How is pulse best found?
97.5 to 99.5
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
stridor
Korotkoff sounds

49. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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50. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
72 bpm
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
absent