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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Diurnal variation BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
hypotension
pyrogens
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

2. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
tachycardia
wheeze

3. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
140-159/90-99
Respiration
hypertension

4. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
stridor
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Stertor

5. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
96.5 to 97.5
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
absent
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

6. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
^160/^100
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
hypoxia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

7. Adolescent
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Stroke volume
16-20
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

8. Hearing
Femoral
72 bpm
60 to 70 mL
ausculatation

9. Side of neck
hypoxia
pyrexia
oximetry
carotid

10. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
tachycardia
arrhythmia

11. Substances tat cause fever
Dorsalis pedis
absent
bradypnea
pyrogens

12. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Hyperventilation
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Evaporation
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

13. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
bradypnea
Hypothermia
12-20
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

14. Average pulse rate for an adult
lysis
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
72 bpm

15. 1st stage of fever is?
Crisis
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Biot's
12-20

16. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
BMR

17. Top of left foot
Stroke Volume
Stroke volume
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Dorsalis pedis

18. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
hypoxemia
palpate
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

19. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Cardiac Output
Tachypnea
ausculatation

20. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+3
Core Temperature
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
120/80

21. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

22. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
bradypnea
20-30
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

23. An example of nursing planning
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
intermittent
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Relapsing

24. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Systolic pressure
Posterior tibial
Stroke Volume
140-159/90-99

25. Stage 2 hypertension
bradypnea
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
^160/^100

26. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
Stroke volume
fever
wheeze

27. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
pyrogens
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
apnea
120/80

28. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
120-139/80-89
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Dorsalis pedis

29. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
120-139/80-89
the lungs
constant
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

30. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
lysis
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

31. Inside ankle
Stroke volume
ausculatation
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Posterior tibial

32. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Dorsalis pedis
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
shallow or slow breathing
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

33. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
bradypnea
+2
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Evaporation

34. 3rd stage of fever?
96.5 to 97.5
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
fever
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

35. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
^160/^100
140-159/90-99

36. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Kussmaul's respiration
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Relapsing

37. How do drugs affect pulse?
hypoxia
carotid
+1
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

38. Gradual return to a normal temperature
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
lysis
120-139/80-89
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

39. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
+2
140-159/90-99
low BP

40. 2nd stage of fever is?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Brachial
hypoxemia

41. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
remittent
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
the lungs

42. 3 yr old
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
20-30
palpate
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

43. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
higher
It will also fall
remittent

44. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Posterior tibial
60 to 70 mL
orthostatic hypertension

45. How does external respiration occur?
Femoral
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

46. Newborn
140-159/90-99
orthostatic hypertension
30-80
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

47. How should respirations be counted?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
97.5 to 99.5
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

48. Sex BP?
hypoxemia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
pyrogens

49. People most at risk for hypertension
hypoxemia
lysis
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

50. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Respiration
60 to 70 mL
crackles