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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
arrhythmia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Systolic pressure
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

2. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Temporal
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

3. Inside ankle
Dorsalis pedis
12-20
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Posterior tibial

4. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
higher
arrhythmia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
tachycardia

5. How is pulse best found?
intermittent
Crisis
16-20
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

6. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
low

7. Newborn
Hypothermia
Feeble
30-80
intermittent

8. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
16-20
+2
120-139/80-89

9. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
tachycardia
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
hypoxemia
crackles

10. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
Relapsing
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

11. Measurement of oxygen
left Sims position
oximetry
Eupnea
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

12. People most at risk for hypertension
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
hypoxia

13. Bend of knee
20-30
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
popliteal
Feeble

14. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
Hyperventilation
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
absent
orthostatic hypertension

15. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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16. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Feeble
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Pedal pulse
Core Temperature

17. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
fever
palpate
Eupnea

18. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
tachycardia
Pedal pulse
shallow or slow breathing

19. 2nd stage of fever is?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Systolic pressure
Relapsing

20. High BP
orthostatic hypertension
oximeter
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
hypertension

21. BP at or lower 90/60.
Temporal
30-80
hypotension
96.5 to 97.5

22. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
120/80
Stertor

23. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
lysis
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

24. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
oximeter

25. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
palpate
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Brachial

26. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
120-139/80-89
bradycardia
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
60 to 70 mL

27. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Stroke volume

28. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Apical
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
It will also fall
higher

29. Diurnal variation BP?
+3
Crisis
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

30. How do you measure the apical pulse?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
72 bpm

31. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
hypoxemia
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Cheyenne-Stokes

32. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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33. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Posterior tibial
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

34. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
the lungs
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

35. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

36. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
wheeze
Convection
higher
arrhythmia

37. How does age affect pulse?
Pulse
arrhythmia
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Posterior tibial

38. 3 yr old
^160/^100
20-30
hypoxia
dyspnea

39. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Cheyenne-Stokes
wheeze
palpate
low BP

40. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
+1
120/80
Eupnea
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

41. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
Apical
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Hyperventilation

42. Side of neck
constant
carotid
Pedal pulse
Evaporation

43. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
crackles
orthostatic hypertension
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

44. Side of wrist
Radial
shallow or slow breathing
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Hypothermia

45. Side of forehead
Temporal
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
72 bpm
intermittent

46. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
lysis
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

47. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Femoral
Kussmaul's respiration
ausculatation
Hyperventilation

48. This affects the character of the pulse.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Stroke Volume
Convection
Korotkoff sounds

49. Symptoms of hypoxia
apnea
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
BMR
crackles

50. Rectal temperature are
Respiration
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.