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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
BMR
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

2. Risk for prolonged hypertension
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Stertor

3. Head injury BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
raises BP.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

4. Stage 1 hypertension
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Radial
140-159/90-99
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

5. An example of a nursing diagnoses
It will also fall
hypertension
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Korotkoff sounds

6. Healthly adult
Crisis
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Feeble
12-20

7. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
+3
Respiration
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

8. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
orthostatic hypertension
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
72 bpm
arrhythmia

9. Side of wrist
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
absent
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Radial

10. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
+1
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
shallow or slow breathing

11. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
Dorsalis pedis
hypoxemia
^160/^100

12. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
120/80
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
stridor
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

13. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
16-20
left Sims position
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

14. Measurement of oxygen
oximetry
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

15. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Pulse pressure
fever

16. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
120/80
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

17. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
dyspnea
hypoxemia
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

18. Prehypertension
140-159/90-99
120-139/80-89
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
shallow or slow breathing

19. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
intermittent
Evaporation
Core Temperature
Korotkoff sounds

20. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Convection
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

21. Side of neck
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Convection
+1
carotid

22. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Stroke Volume
Core Temperature
Systolic pressure
Pulse pressure

23. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
low BP
low

24. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

25. Hearing
ausculatation
Irregular
BMR
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

26. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Irregular
Rhonchi
palpate

27. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Core Temperature
Relapsing
hypoxia

28. Average pulse rate for an adult
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
pyrogens
Brachial
72 bpm

29. Bend of knee
popliteal
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
stridor
Femoral

30. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
Kussmaul's respiration
12-20
Pulse pressure
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

31. Lobes in the lungs?
^160/^100
Convection
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Cardiac Output

32. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Pulse
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

33. Symptoms of hypoxia
arrhythmia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Core Temperature
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

34. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Cheyenne-Stokes
wheeze

35. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Pulse pressure
bradypnea

36. 3 yr old
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
+2
20-30
thready

37. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
wheeze
Biot's
low BP
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

38. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
stridor

39. Substances tat cause fever
hyperoxia
pyrogens
fever
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

40. Elderly respiration
Femoral
low
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
16-20

41. Feel
Diastolic pressure
palpate
pyrogens
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

42. Abrupt decline in fever
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Crisis
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
constant

43. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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44. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
hypoxia

45. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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46. How does age affect pulse?
thready
+1
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

47. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
bradycardia
arrhythmia
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

48. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
+3
bradycardia

49. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Stroke Volume
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
low BP

50. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
low BP
Cheyenne-Stokes
pyrogens