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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
left Sims position
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Eupnea
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

2. An example of nursing planning
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Pulse pressure
Pedal pulse
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

3. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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4. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
hyperoxia
140-159/90-99
Diastolic pressure
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

5. Weak and may be irregular
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Pedal pulse
thready

6. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Crisis
constant

7. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Crisis
It will also fall
Posterior tibial
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

8. Average pulse rate for an adult
Rhonchi
20-30
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
72 bpm

9. How is shock caused?
the lungs
Radial
palpate
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

10. Adolescent
97.5 to 99.5
16-20
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

11. How do drugs affect pulse?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

12. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
bradypnea
Pedal pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

13. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Stroke Volume
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Rhonchi

14. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
Femoral
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

15. How should respirations be counted?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Feeble
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

16. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
hypoxia
left Sims position
bradypnea
raises BP.

17. 1st stage of fever is?
BMR
dyspnea
apnea
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

18. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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19. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
hypertension
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Systolic pressure
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

20. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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21. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Rhonchi
Stroke Volume
stridor
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

22. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Korotkoff sounds
140-159/90-99
Crisis
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

23. Low oxygen
hypoxia
Crisis
oximetry
left Sims position

24. Prehypertension
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
ausculatation
Irregular
120-139/80-89

25. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Cheyenne-Stokes
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
120-139/80-89
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

26. Measurement of oxygen
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
oximetry
orthostatic hypertension
bradypnea

27. When is apicial pulse used?
Convection
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
the lungs

28. Fever above 100.2 F
+3
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
pyrexia

29. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
^160/^100
Pulse pressure
Rhonchi

30. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
120/80
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
20-30

31. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Relapsing
Stroke volume
Radial
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

32. Those at risk for hypothermia include
low BP
bradypnea
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
stridor

33. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Systolic pressure
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
hypoxemia

34. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
stridor
Cardiac Output
Radial

35. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
arrhythmia
Diaphoresis
+3

36. High oxygen
crackles
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
97.5 to 99.5
hyperoxia

37. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
orthostatic hypertension
Stroke volume
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

38. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Irregular
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

39. Inside ankle
Diaphoresis
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Systolic pressure
Posterior tibial

40. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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41. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Biot's
Stertor
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
shallow or slow breathing

42. Stage 2 hypertension
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
remittent
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
^160/^100

43. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the lungs
Axillary.

44. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
^160/^100
Stroke volume
Stertor
Evaporation

45. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
140-159/90-99
oximetry
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Korotkoff sounds

46. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Posterior tibial
crackles

47. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
120-139/80-89
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
intermittent
the lungs

48. Bend of knee
orthostatic hypertension
popliteal
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
apnea

49. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
carotid
Cheyenne-Stokes
120/80
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

50. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
low
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.