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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
pyrexia
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
remittent

2. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
hyperoxia
Cardiac Output

3. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

4. Bend of elbow
Brachial
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Eupnea
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

5. Average pulse rate for an adult
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
lysis
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
72 bpm

6. People most at risk for hypertension
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
oximetry
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

7. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
stridor
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Relapsing

8. Side of forehead
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Temporal
palpate

9. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
bradycardia
Systolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

10. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Cardiac Output
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Radial

11. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
60 to 70 mL
tachycardia
Convection
apnea

12. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
16-20
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

13. Stress & emotions. BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
hyperoxia
Biot's
higher

14. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
low
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

15. Measurement of oxygen
120/80
oximetry
hyperoxia
fever

16. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
lysis
left Sims position
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Cardiac Output

17. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
absent
Relapsing
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

18. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
intermittent
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Convection
low BP

19. An example of nursing planning
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

20. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
pyrogens
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Pulse pressure

21. How do drugs affect pulse?
popliteal
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
palpate

22. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
the lungs
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Eupnea
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

23. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
It will also fall
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
remittent
+2

24. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
Stroke Volume
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Conduction
orthostatic hypertension

25. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
120/70
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

26. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
shallow or slow breathing
Biot's respirations
20-30

27. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
+1

28. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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29. 3 yr old
lysis
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
remittent
20-30

30. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Crisis
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

31. Stage 1 hypertension
fever
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Convection
140-159/90-99

32. Average blood pressure should be
Dorsalis pedis
dyspnea
120/70
orthostatic hypertension

33. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the lungs
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Systolic pressure

34. State of insufficient oxygen
96.5 to 97.5
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
hypoxia
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

35. High BP
hypertension
bradypnea
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

36. Heart
Apical
Hyperventilation
pyrexia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

37. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
crackles
hypertension
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

38. Low oxygen
Respiration
hypoxia
Convection
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

39. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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40. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
left Sims position
wheeze
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

41. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
pyrexia
Rhonchi

42. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
20-30

43. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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44. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Diaphoresis
hypoxia
arrhythmia

45. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
120-139/80-89
hyperoxia

46. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Eupnea
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
+3

47. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
140-159/90-99
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

48. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Posterior tibial
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

49. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Crisis
Stroke volume
+2

50. Feel
dyspnea
palpate
oximeter
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.