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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
wheeze
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Stroke volume

2. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Respiration
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

3. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
wheeze
Core Temperature
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

4. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
ausculatation
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

5. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Tachypnea
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

6. State of insufficient oxygen
tachycardia
hypoxia
Cheyenne-Stokes
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

7. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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8. Abrupt decline in fever
Biot's
Cheyenne-Stokes
Crisis
palpate

9. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Respiration
16-20
Tachypnea

10. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
fever
120-139/80-89
constant
^160/^100

11. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
hypoxemia
tachycardia
Relapsing
Systolic pressure

12. Those at risk for hypothermia include
carotid
hypotension
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Dorsalis pedis

13. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Convection
Core Temperature
Tachypnea
lysis

14. Low oxygen
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Temporal
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
hypoxia

15. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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16. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Conduction
Irregular
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

17. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypoxemia
Systolic pressure

18. Barely palpable
Biot's
Feeble
Diastolic pressure
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

19. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Dorsalis pedis
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Pedal pulse
+3

20. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
hypoxia
crackles
Cheyenne-Stokes

21. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
120-139/80-89
Conduction

22. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Korotkoff sounds

23. People most at risk for hypertension
Axillary.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

24. How is pulse best found?
Tachypnea
intermittent
the lungs
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

25. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
bradycardia
Stroke Volume
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

26. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

27. Side of wrist
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Relapsing
72 bpm
Radial

28. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Dorsalis pedis
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Conduction

29. How do drugs affect pulse?
Diaphoresis
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Biot's respirations
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

30. An example of nursing planning
Femoral
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
^160/^100
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

31. 1st stage of fever is?
Brachial
Crisis
palpate
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

32. Sex BP?
97.5 to 99.5
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Core Temperature

33. Top of left foot
palpate
Irregular
Dorsalis pedis
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

34. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Brachial
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

35. Weak and may be irregular
It will also fall
thready
crackles
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

36. Prehypertension
Cardiac Output
BMR
120-139/80-89
Pulse

37. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
absent
hypertension
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Stroke volume

38. Enviromental temperature BP?
^160/^100
Diaphoresis
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
60 to 70 mL

39. What are the 5 vital signs?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

40. Diurnal variation BP?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
140-159/90-99
Kussmaul's respiration

41. Elderly respiration
16-20
hypertension
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

42. Groin area
apnea
left Sims position
Femoral
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

43. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Hyperventilation
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
remittent

44. Lobes in the lungs?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Kussmaul's respiration
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
shallow or slow breathing

45. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Crisis

46. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
oximetry
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Rhonchi

47. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Brachial

48. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
bradypnea
Stroke Volume
Systolic pressure
Hypothermia

49. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
bradypnea
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
140-159/90-99

50. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure