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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Side of forehead
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Temporal
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

2. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Eupnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Cardiac Output

3. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Hyperventilation
pyrogens
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

4. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Systolic pressure
BMR
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

5. Stage 1 hypertension
^160/^100
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Dorsalis pedis
140-159/90-99

6. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
BMR
hyperoxia
Irregular

7. Top of left foot
Feeble
It will also fall
orthostatic hypertension
Dorsalis pedis

8. Low oxygen
thready
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
hypoxia
arrhythmia

9. Measurement of oxygen
97.5 to 99.5
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
oximetry

10. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
absent
orthostatic hypertension
Diaphoresis
wheeze

11. BP at or lower 90/60.
low
hyperoxia
Dorsalis pedis
hypotension

12. Normal body temperature ranges?
Stroke volume
16-20
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
97.5 to 99.5

13. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Irregular
Hypothermia
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
low BP

14. Inside ankle
Kussmaul's respiration
120/70
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Posterior tibial

15. Taking a rectal temperature
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
pyrexia
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

16. How does external respiration occur?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypotension
Diastolic pressure

17. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Stroke volume
the lungs
It will also fall
stridor

18. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
Irregular
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

19. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
72 bpm
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
oximetry

20. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
low BP
120/70

21. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
16-20
Korotkoff sounds

22. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
low BP
120/70

23. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
120/70
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

24. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
+3
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

25. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Temporal
Conduction
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Systolic pressure

26. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Conduction
Radial
+3
Tachypnea

27. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Biot's
Conduction
It will also fall
low BP

28. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Axillary.
hyperoxia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

29. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Axillary.
bradypnea
+1
Pulse

30. Taking axillary temperature
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
It will also fall

31. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
30-80
Eupnea
Core Temperature

32. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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33. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
120/70
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Conduction
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

34. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
^160/^100

35. Healthly adult
Pulse
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
12-20
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

36. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Posterior tibial
Diastolic pressure
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

37. Side of wrist
97.5 to 99.5
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Diastolic pressure
Radial

38. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
ausculatation
hypoxia
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
absent

39. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
low BP
Pulse
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Respiration

40. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the lungs
carotid
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

41. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
left Sims position
+3
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

42. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
16-20
the lungs
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
carotid

43. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
dyspnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Biot's

44. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Radial
remittent
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

45. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
raises BP.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Dorsalis pedis
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

46. 3rd stage of fever?
dyspnea
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
left Sims position
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

47. An example of nursing planning
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
+3
Dorsalis pedis
hypoxemia

48. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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49. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
remittent
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Pedal pulse

50. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Stroke volume
Rhonchi
hypertension
pyrexia

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Measuring Vital Signs

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