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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Normal body temperature ranges?
Pedal pulse
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
97.5 to 99.5

2. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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3. How is pulse best found?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
oximetry
higher
Hyperventilation

4. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
apnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Cheyenne-Stokes

5. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
16-20
96.5 to 97.5
+1

6. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
hypoxia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Stroke volume
dyspnea

7. People most at risk for hypertension
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
arrhythmia
Stroke volume

8. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
lysis
Biot's
oximeter
pyrogens

9. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

10. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
bradypnea
pyrexia
120/80
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

11. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
wheeze
Stertor
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Radial

12. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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13. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
shallow or slow breathing
12-20
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

14. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Respiration
Brachial
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
+3

15. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
apnea
hypoxemia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

16. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
intermittent
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
120/80

17. Newborn
thready
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
16-20
30-80

18. Symptoms of hypoxia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

19. Barely palpable
pyrogens
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Feeble

20. Low oxygen
dyspnea
left Sims position
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
hypoxia

21. Healthly adult
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
12-20
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

22. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
120/70
Diastolic pressure
Cardiac Output
apnea

23. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
popliteal
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
It will also fall
Pulse

24. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
Cheyenne-Stokes
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

25. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
Crisis
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Pulse pressure

26. Hearing
Crisis
ausculatation
Axillary.
lysis

27. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

28. Heart
Apical
low
Femoral
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

29. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Pulse
Core Temperature

30. Fever above 100.2 F
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
higher
pyrexia

31. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Temporal

32. Weak and may be irregular
thready
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Respiration
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

33. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
72 bpm
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
^160/^100

34. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
fever
higher
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

35. Enviromental temperature BP?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Pedal pulse
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

36. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
higher
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
120/70
Biot's respirations

37. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
constant
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

38. Axillary temperature are
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Stertor
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Convection

39. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Hypothermia
constant
thready
carotid

40. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Hypothermia
Evaporation
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

41. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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42. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
arrhythmia
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Biot's

43. Measurement of oxygen
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
12-20
bradypnea
oximetry

44. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
low

45. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
bradycardia
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

46. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Rhonchi
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Pulse pressure
BMR

47. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
Apical
remittent
pyrogens

48. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
16-20
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
97.5 to 99.5
bradycardia

49. Those at risk for hypothermia include
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Pulse pressure
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

50. High oxygen
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
hyperoxia
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
oximetry