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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Hearing
ausculatation
96.5 to 97.5
30-80
tachycardia

2. Bend of knee
oximeter
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Biot's
popliteal

3. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Evaporation
+2
Pulse
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

4. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Cheyenne-Stokes
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
20-30

5. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Temporal
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

6. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
higher
Stroke Volume
120/80
BMR

7. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
16-20
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
hypoxemia
intermittent

8. How does age affect pulse?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
wheeze
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

9. Prehypertension
72 bpm
Crisis
Stroke volume
120-139/80-89

10. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
orthostatic hypertension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

11. Those at risk for hypothermia include
remittent
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
hypotension
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

12. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Tachypnea
Pulse pressure
Apical
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

13. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
+3
It will also fall
16-20
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

14. Enviromental temperature BP?
raises BP.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

15. Taking a rectal temperature
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

16. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Hyperventilation
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

17. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Axillary.
BMR
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Cheyenne-Stokes

18. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
oximetry
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
96.5 to 97.5
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

19. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
97.5 to 99.5
left Sims position
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

20. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
Axillary.
hypoxia
Hypothermia

21. An example of nursing planning
+2
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

22. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
Core Temperature
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

23. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
tachycardia
remittent
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

24. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
97.5 to 99.5
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Conduction

25. Fever above 100.2 F
72 bpm
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
pyrexia
fever

26. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
higher
Kussmaul's respiration
Cardiac Output
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

27. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
intermittent
popliteal
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

28. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
oximetry
30-80

29. Elderly respiration
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Apical
16-20

30. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Temporal

31. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stroke Volume
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

32. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
oximetry
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

33. What are the 5 vital signs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

34. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
bradycardia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
140-159/90-99

35. Risk for prolonged hypertension
20-30
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

36. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
BMR
raises BP.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

37. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
hypotension
Biot's respirations
Pedal pulse

38. People most at risk for hypertension
intermittent
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
the lungs
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

39. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
constant
Cardiac Output
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
absent

40. Healthly adult
Conduction
12-20
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
dyspnea

41. Heart
Cardiac Output
Apical
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Core Temperature

42. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Biot's respirations
Eupnea

43. Absence of breathing
apnea
Cardiac Output
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
bradypnea

44. Head injury BP?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
raises BP.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

45. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
carotid

46. Side of forehead
Temporal
Pulse
Biot's respirations
96.5 to 97.5

47. Top of left foot
stridor
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Kussmaul's respiration
Dorsalis pedis

48. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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49. How do drugs affect pulse?
96.5 to 97.5
^160/^100
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

50. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
Diaphoresis
Irregular
^160/^100

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Measuring Vital Signs

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