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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
120-139/80-89
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Kussmaul's respiration

2. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
60 to 70 mL
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Stroke volume
pyrogens

3. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Diastolic pressure
120/70
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
+1

4. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
It will also fall
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
dyspnea

5. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Posterior tibial
Systolic pressure
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

6. Symptoms of hypoxia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
+1
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

7. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
stridor
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
palpate

8. Elevated temperature
fever
pyrexia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Posterior tibial

9. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
left Sims position

10. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
120-139/80-89
Core Temperature
palpate
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

11. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
apnea
shallow or slow breathing
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Evaporation

12. Healthly adult
fever
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
12-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

13. Absence of breathing
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
apnea
Relapsing
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

14. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
stridor

15. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
carotid
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

16. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Tachypnea
60 to 70 mL
Korotkoff sounds
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

17. Side of forehead
Temporal
60 to 70 mL
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

18. Stage 2 hypertension
bradycardia
^160/^100
120-139/80-89
Feeble

19. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Systolic pressure
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

20. Rectal temperature are
Axillary.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
12-20
Irregular

21. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
bradypnea
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

22. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Cardiac Output
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
+1

23. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Convection
Korotkoff sounds
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
bradycardia

24. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
orthostatic hypertension
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
constant
wheeze

25. Hearing
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Dorsalis pedis
ausculatation
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

26. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Hyperventilation
120-139/80-89
remittent
120/70

27. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Diastolic pressure
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
oximeter

28. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Relapsing
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
carotid

29. Adolescent
120/70
16-20
Systolic pressure
Conduction

30. Stage 1 hypertension
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
140-159/90-99
Hyperventilation

31. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
97.5 to 99.5
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

32. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
constant
Stroke volume
Pulse
+2

33. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
hypotension
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Feeble
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

34. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
oximetry
absent
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

35. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

36. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Rhonchi
fever
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

37. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Irregular
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
hypoxia

38. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Stroke volume
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Feeble
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

39. Side of neck
carotid
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
popliteal

40. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
hypertension
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Axillary.
intermittent

41. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Feeble
hypoxia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Pulse pressure

42. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Irregular
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

43. Bend of elbow
Brachial
hypertension
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

44. Gradual return to a normal temperature
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
BMR
lysis
Stroke volume

45. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Crisis
Hypothermia
Brachial
fever

46. High oxygen
20-30
hyperoxia
low BP
+1

47. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
left Sims position
Respiration
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
+1

48. Inside ankle
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Radial
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Posterior tibial

49. Feel
120/70
tachycardia
Diaphoresis
palpate

50. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?