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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. State of insufficient oxygen
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
hypoxia
Diaphoresis
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

2. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Cardiac Output

3. The average temperature in the older adult
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
96.5 to 97.5
Stroke Volume
oximetry

4. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Axillary.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

5. Lobes in the lungs?
Irregular
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

6. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Systolic pressure
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

7. Adolescent
Diaphoresis
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
stridor
16-20

8. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
higher
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Core Temperature
absent

9. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Respiration
wheeze
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Femoral

10. Rectal temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Core Temperature
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

11. Heart
Rhonchi
Biot's respirations
Apical
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

12. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
BMR
Cheyenne-Stokes
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

13. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Apical
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

14. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

15. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
hypertension
Posterior tibial
Rhonchi

16. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
the lungs
hypoxemia

17. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
It will also fall
Conduction
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Pulse pressure

18. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Convection
Axillary.
Cardiac Output

19. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
It will also fall
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
hyperoxia
fever

20. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
hypoxia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

21. Signs and symptoms of shock
12-20
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

22. Taking axillary temperature
hyperoxia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

23. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
30-80
Cardiac Output
Convection

24. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Irregular
Convection
Core Temperature

25. Stage 1 hypertension
intermittent
Eupnea
popliteal
140-159/90-99

26. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
hyperoxia

27. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Stroke Volume
left Sims position
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
low BP

28. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Hypothermia
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

29. Average pulse rate for an adult
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
intermittent
72 bpm
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

30. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Radial
higher
Eupnea

31. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
Cheyenne-Stokes
pyrexia
dyspnea
intermittent

32. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
thready
^160/^100
12-20
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

33. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Systolic pressure
Hypothermia

34. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Diastolic pressure
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

35. Normal body temperature ranges?
Systolic pressure
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
97.5 to 99.5
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

36. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Pulse pressure
97.5 to 99.5

37. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
low
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

38. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
It will also fall
72 bpm
Stroke Volume

39. Axillary temperature are
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Cheyenne-Stokes
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

40. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
+1
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Diaphoresis

41. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
low BP
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Cheyenne-Stokes

42. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
12-20
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

43. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
oximetry
96.5 to 97.5
Femoral

44. Feel
hyperoxia
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
palpate
orthostatic hypertension

45. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Cardiac Output
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
20-30
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

46. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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47. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Pulse pressure
Stroke Volume

48. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Convection
wheeze

49. Sex BP?
120/80
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Hypothermia
BMR

50. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
97.5 to 99.5
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b