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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Core Temperature
lysis
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Evaporation

2. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Biot's
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
It will also fall
20-30

3. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Pedal pulse
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
low

4. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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5. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
higher
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
intermittent
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

6. Elderly respiration
popliteal
remittent
Kussmaul's respiration
16-20

7. Signs and symptoms of shock
Respiration
Evaporation
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
orthostatic hypertension

8. Bend of elbow
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
BMR
Brachial
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

9. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Diaphoresis
bradypnea
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Femoral

10. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Respiration
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

11. Average blood pressure should be
^160/^100
120/70
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

12. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
+1
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Stertor

13. Stage 1 hypertension
palpate
140-159/90-99
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
remittent

14. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Respiration
BMR
Systolic pressure

15. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Korotkoff sounds
Conduction
hyperoxia

16. Top of left foot
72 bpm
palpate
Dorsalis pedis
Eupnea

17. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Posterior tibial
Stroke volume
^160/^100
oximeter

18. Taking a rectal temperature
Posterior tibial
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

19. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Relapsing
hypotension
Stroke volume
Hyperventilation

20. Sex BP?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
remittent

21. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
+3
+2
Cardiac Output
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

22. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Irregular
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Stroke volume
Cardiac Output

23. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Stroke Volume
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

24. How do you measure the apical pulse?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
low

25. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
120/80
Evaporation
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Cardiac Output

26. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
stridor
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Diaphoresis

27. High BP
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
120/70
remittent
hypertension

28. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
low BP
Stertor
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

29. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
orthostatic hypertension
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

30. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
pyrexia
apnea
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
72 bpm

31. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
stridor
+1

32. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Diaphoresis
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Feeble

33. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Feeble
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
+1
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

34. How do drugs affect pulse?
constant
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Respiration

35. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

36. Average pulse rate for an adult
Biot's respirations
72 bpm
carotid
Pulse pressure

37. Enviromental temperature BP?
30-80
60 to 70 mL
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

38. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
left Sims position

39. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Rhonchi
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

40. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
72 bpm
hypoxia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
remittent

41. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Convection
intermittent
Hypothermia

42. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hypotension
constant

43. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
120/70
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Pulse

44. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

45. Heart
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Apical
^160/^100
120/70

46. Side of forehead
low
Temporal
72 bpm
Pulse

47. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Biot's
orthostatic hypertension
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

48. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
higher

49. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
wheeze
Kussmaul's respiration
Respiration
Cardiac Output

50. Side of wrist
Radial
tachycardia
constant
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures