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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
96.5 to 97.5
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
120-139/80-89
low BP

2. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
Posterior tibial
ausculatation
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

3. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
97.5 to 99.5
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
It will also fall

4. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Tachypnea
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Hyperventilation
Feeble

5. When should rectal temperatures be used?
hypoxemia
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

6. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Conduction
BMR
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

7. Axillary temperature are
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
apnea

8. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
remittent
Temporal
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

9. Barely palpable
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Biot's
Feeble
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

10. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Tachypnea
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
popliteal

11. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
20-30
Pedal pulse

12. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
the lungs
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
hypoxemia

13. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Femoral
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

14. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
wheeze
Stroke volume
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Relapsing

15. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
hypoxemia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

16. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
120/70
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

17. Healthly adult
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
12-20
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

18. Side of forehead
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Temporal
Posterior tibial

19. How do you measure the apical pulse?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
fever
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

20. When is apicial pulse used?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Apical
Hyperventilation
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

21. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
pyrexia
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Pulse
Systolic pressure

22. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
Dorsalis pedis
120-139/80-89
Cheyenne-Stokes

23. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Hypothermia
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

24. Bend of knee
popliteal
Eupnea
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
low BP

25. Side of neck
carotid
Systolic pressure
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Tachypnea

26. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
bradycardia
oximeter
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

27. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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28. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
shallow or slow breathing
intermittent
Hyperventilation

29. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
orthostatic hypertension
hypertension

30. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

31. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Rhonchi
remittent
ausculatation

32. People most at risk for hypertension
arrhythmia
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Temporal
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

33. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Evaporation
It will also fall
bradycardia

34. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
low
wheeze
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

35. Gradual return to a normal temperature
+3
lysis
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Radial

36. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Hypothermia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
120/70

37. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
stridor
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

38. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
140-159/90-99
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

39. How does age affect pulse?
+1
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

40. Those at risk for hypothermia include
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
^160/^100
pyrexia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

41. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
ausculatation
oximeter
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

42. Low oxygen
fever
Cardiac Output
Tachypnea
hypoxia

43. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Stroke Volume
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Temporal

44. Normal body temperature ranges?
left Sims position
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
97.5 to 99.5
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

45. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Conduction
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Systolic pressure
Rhonchi

46. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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47. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
lysis
Irregular
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

48. Hearing
+3
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
ausculatation
apnea

49. How do drugs affect pulse?
left Sims position
Conduction
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
16-20

50. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
hyperoxia
left Sims position
hypertension
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.