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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Tachypnea
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
pyrogens
Axillary.

2. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
120/80
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

3. Average pulse rate for an adult
fever
bradycardia
raises BP.
72 bpm

4. People most at risk for hypertension
the lungs
low BP
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
96.5 to 97.5

5. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
16-20
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Convection

6. An example of nursing planning
hypotension
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

7. How does size affect pulse?
Respiration
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
16-20

8. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
140-159/90-99
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
left Sims position

9. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
^160/^100
Diaphoresis

10. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
120/80
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
30-80
hypertension

11. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
thready
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Crisis
oximeter

12. Lobes in the lungs?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Axillary.
Conduction
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

13. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Relapsing
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

14. Signs and symptoms of shock
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Pedal pulse

15. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Biot's
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

16. How does external respiration occur?
low BP
pyrexia
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
tachycardia

17. An example of a nursing diagnoses
hypoxemia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

18. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Apical
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

19. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Cheyenne-Stokes
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

20. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Irregular
Conduction

21. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Crisis
Stroke volume

22. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
+3
BMR
low BP

23. Stress & emotions. BP?
pyrexia
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
higher
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

24. Taking axillary temperature
Eupnea
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Korotkoff sounds
+3

25. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
apnea
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
72 bpm

26. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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27. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

28. Normal body temperature ranges?
97.5 to 99.5
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Radial
dyspnea

29. Excessive sweat production
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
BMR
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Diaphoresis

30. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
apnea

31. Side of neck
20-30
Pedal pulse
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
carotid

32. Side of forehead
Respiration
low
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Temporal

33. Taking a rectal temperature
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

34. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
bradypnea
Dorsalis pedis
120-139/80-89
the lungs

35. Average blood pressure should be
Biot's
Pulse pressure
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
120/70

36. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
Crisis
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

37. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
Diaphoresis
Hypothermia
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

38. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Korotkoff sounds
intermittent

39. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
BMR

40. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
arrhythmia
Feeble
Conduction

41. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
hyperoxia

42. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
constant

43. Head injury BP?
oximetry
Systolic pressure
raises BP.
Diastolic pressure

44. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
wheeze
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
+2
Temporal

45. 3 yr old
20-30
Temporal
72 bpm
Pulse

46. Bend of elbow
hypoxia
Radial
hypoxemia
Brachial

47. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
apnea
Cardiac Output
hypoxemia

48. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
bradypnea
Brachial
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

49. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Cardiac Output
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
intermittent

50. Adolescent
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
16-20
Biot's respirations
Irregular

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Measuring Vital Signs

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