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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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2. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
ausculatation
Apical
Hypothermia
wheeze

3. Weak and may be irregular
low
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
thready
Relapsing

4. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Pulse pressure
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

5. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Posterior tibial
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
hypertension
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

6. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
^160/^100
left Sims position
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

7. When should rectal temperatures be used?
oximetry
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

8. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
16-20
97.5 to 99.5
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

9. People most at risk for hypertension
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
tachycardia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

10. Top of left foot
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
carotid
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Dorsalis pedis

11. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Evaporation
lysis
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

12. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
120/70
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Femoral
Stroke volume

13. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
pyrexia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
low

14. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
Stertor
dyspnea
96.5 to 97.5
+2

15. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
BMR
Cheyenne-Stokes
Respiration
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

16. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Pulse
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
orthostatic hypertension

17. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Brachial

18. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Radial
low BP
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Pulse

19. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Biot's respirations
20-30
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Diaphoresis

20. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
120/80
lysis
bradycardia
stridor

21. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
97.5 to 99.5
Core Temperature

22. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
bradypnea
BMR
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

23. Those at risk for hypothermia include
60 to 70 mL
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
raises BP.

24. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Relapsing
Biot's respirations

25. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Core Temperature
crackles
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

26. Rectal temperature are
12-20
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

27. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Respiration
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

28. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
remittent
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Rhonchi

29. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
low
Diaphoresis

30. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
fever
palpate

31. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
^160/^100
thready
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

32. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Cardiac Output
pyrogens
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

33. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Stroke Volume
Core Temperature
shallow or slow breathing

34. Groin area
12-20
Femoral
Biot's respirations
+3

35. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
60 to 70 mL
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

36. How is pulse best found?
Convection
fever
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Dorsalis pedis

37. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Pulse pressure
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

38. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
shallow or slow breathing
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

39. Side of forehead
Temporal
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
BMR

40. Heart
Conduction
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Apical
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

41. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
popliteal
Dorsalis pedis
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

42. How does external respiration occur?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

43. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
120-139/80-89
Crisis

44. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
20-30
Respiration
Cheyenne-Stokes
+1

45. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

46. Feel
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
palpate
pyrexia

47. Enviromental temperature BP?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
low BP
Korotkoff sounds

48. Normal body temperature ranges?
97.5 to 99.5
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Pedal pulse
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

49. Excessive sweat production
hyperoxia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
dyspnea
Diaphoresis

50. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Systolic pressure
Stroke volume
left Sims position

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Measuring Vital Signs

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