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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
bradycardia
Cheyenne-Stokes
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

2. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
97.5 to 99.5
hypoxia
left Sims position

3. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Pulse
absent
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

4. Gradual return to a normal temperature
96.5 to 97.5
Irregular
lysis
Evaporation

5. Signs and symptoms of shock
wheeze
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Pulse

6. Normal body temperature ranges?
Dorsalis pedis
97.5 to 99.5
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
wheeze

7. Lobes in the lungs?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
left Sims position

8. Barely palpable
Feeble
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
^160/^100
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

9. BP at or lower 90/60.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
hypotension
dyspnea

10. Stage 1 hypertension
96.5 to 97.5
Pulse pressure
140-159/90-99
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

11. How should baby's temperature be taken?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
^160/^100
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Axillary.

12. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Core Temperature
fever
Temporal

13. Side of forehead
Irregular
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Cheyenne-Stokes
Temporal

14. How should respirations be counted?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Systolic pressure
^160/^100

15. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Stertor
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
fever

16. Adolescent
16-20
120-139/80-89
crackles
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

17. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
stridor
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
intermittent
pyrexia

18. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Crisis
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
the lungs

19. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Eupnea
It will also fall
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

20. Weak and may be irregular
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Brachial
thready
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

21. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
hypoxia
stridor
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

22. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
Irregular
thready
Stroke Volume
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

23. Average pulse rate for an adult
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
72 bpm
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
left Sims position

24. Side of wrist
Stroke volume
Radial
140-159/90-99
12-20

25. Heart
16-20
Apical
arrhythmia
Stroke volume

26. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Biot's
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Respiration

27. Excessive sweat production
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Diaphoresis
30-80
BMR

28. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Dorsalis pedis
oximeter
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
12-20

29. How is shock caused?
Stertor
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Temporal

30. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Core Temperature
bradycardia
Korotkoff sounds

31. Rectal temperature are
thready
ausculatation
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

32. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
Radial
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
hypoxia

33. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

34. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
hyperoxia
low

35. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Eupnea
Evaporation
palpate
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

36. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Convection
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Cheyenne-Stokes

37. Hearing
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Evaporation
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
ausculatation

38. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
96.5 to 97.5
97.5 to 99.5
Rhonchi
hypoxemia

39. 3 yr old
Convection
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
20-30
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

40. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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41. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
Stroke volume
12-20
wheeze

42. Inside ankle
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Posterior tibial
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

43. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Relapsing
Temporal
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

44. What are the 5 vital signs?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
dyspnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

45. Sex BP?
constant
thready
bradypnea
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

46. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Conduction
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Relapsing

47. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
120/80
orthostatic hypertension

48. Side of neck
Femoral
Pulse
carotid
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

49. How does size affect pulse?
Apical
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
remittent
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

50. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
+1
Crisis