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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Core Temperature
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
It will also fall

2. Side of neck
carotid
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Hypothermia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

3. Rectal temperature are
72 bpm
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
+3

4. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Cheyenne-Stokes
hypertension
ausculatation
Pedal pulse

5. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Biot's respirations
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

6. This affects the character of the pulse.
Systolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Stroke Volume
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

7. 3rd stage of fever?
Korotkoff sounds
Diastolic pressure
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Conduction

8. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
hypotension
pyrogens
Evaporation

9. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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10. Enviromental temperature BP?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
stridor
left Sims position
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

11. Sex BP?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

12. Inside ankle
Temporal
Femoral
Posterior tibial
hypoxia

13. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
120/80
Conduction
left Sims position

14. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Posterior tibial
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Biot's
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

15. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
16-20
bradypnea
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

16. Measurement of oxygen
Irregular
oximetry
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

17. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
orthostatic hypertension
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Rhonchi

18. How does size affect pulse?
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Convection

19. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
hypoxemia
Evaporation

20. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
apnea
hyperoxia
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

21. Healthly adult
Brachial
16-20
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
12-20

22. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

23. How is shock caused?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
120/80
Convection
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

24. Taking axillary temperature
+2
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

25. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
hypotension
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Stroke Volume
Relapsing

26. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
20-30
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
dyspnea
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

27. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Pedal pulse
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

28. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
low BP
left Sims position

29. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
It will also fall
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

30. Hearing
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Temporal
arrhythmia
ausculatation

31. State of insufficient oxygen
Evaporation
hypoxia
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Brachial

32. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Temporal
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

33. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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34. Feel
palpate
120/70
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
hyperoxia

35. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
Crisis
72 bpm
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

36. When should rectal temperatures be used?
low
Feeble
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

37. Elevated temperature
fever
Pulse pressure
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Biot's respirations

38. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Systolic pressure

39. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
oximetry
stridor
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

40. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
30-80
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
pyrexia

41. Axillary temperature are
carotid
20-30
Pulse
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

42. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
crackles
Evaporation

43. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
140-159/90-99
12-20
Rhonchi

44. Side of forehead
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
It will also fall
Temporal

45. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
higher
thready
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
arrhythmia

46. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
stridor
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

47. Lobes in the lungs?
intermittent
Hyperventilation
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

48. Average blood pressure should be
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Dorsalis pedis
120/70
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

49. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
12-20
^160/^100
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Dorsalis pedis

50. Elderly respiration
hypoxia
crackles
16-20
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem