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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Healthly adult
120-139/80-89
30-80
12-20
shallow or slow breathing

2. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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3. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
wheeze
Biot's respirations
Hyperventilation

4. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
120/70
Brachial
16-20
Core Temperature

5. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Convection
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

6. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
Hypothermia
carotid
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
absent

7. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
oximetry
Stroke volume
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

8. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Diastolic pressure
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Feeble

9. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Respiration
constant
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

10. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Relapsing
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
lysis

11. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
lysis
72 bpm
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Brachial

12. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
orthostatic hypertension

13. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
+3
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

14. Feel
hypoxemia
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
left Sims position
palpate

15. How do you measure the apical pulse?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Stroke Volume

16. Sex BP?
72 bpm
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
It will also fall

17. Signs and symptoms of shock
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Evaporation
left Sims position

18. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
low BP
wheeze

19. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
120/80
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
popliteal
Pulse

20. Elevated temperature
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
fever
Diastolic pressure

21. Substances tat cause fever
hypoxemia
Posterior tibial
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
pyrogens

22. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Pulse
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

23. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
^160/^100
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
97.5 to 99.5
60 to 70 mL

24. How is pulse best found?
Posterior tibial
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

25. How do drugs affect pulse?
120/80
intermittent
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

26. How does size affect pulse?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Convection
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

27. Hearing
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Cheyenne-Stokes
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
ausculatation

28. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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29. Symptoms of hypoxia
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
30-80
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
It will also fall

30. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
hypertension
remittent
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

31. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

32. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
ausculatation
low
+1

33. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
96.5 to 97.5
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

34. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
low
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Stertor
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

35. Weak and may be irregular
Relapsing
Cardiac Output
Pedal pulse
thready

36. Diurnal variation BP?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
left Sims position
hypotension

37. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Pedal pulse
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Stroke Volume
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

38. Rectal temperature are
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

39. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
BMR
constant
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
the lungs

40. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
120-139/80-89
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
arrhythmia

41. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Rhonchi
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
140-159/90-99
Hyperventilation

42. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
BMR
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

43. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Biot's respirations
96.5 to 97.5

44. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
orthostatic hypertension

45. People most at risk for hypertension
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

46. Barely palpable
Radial
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Feeble
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

47. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
left Sims position
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

48. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
+1
Irregular
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

49. An example of a nursing diagnoses
hypertension
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

50. 1st stage of fever is?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
+2
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.