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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Cardiac Output
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
dyspnea
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

2. Heart
Apical
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

3. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
pyrexia
72 bpm
Systolic pressure
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

4. Bend of knee
Radial
orthostatic hypertension
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
popliteal

5. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
lysis
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
dyspnea

6. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Rhonchi
shallow or slow breathing
Feeble

7. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

8. 3rd stage of fever?
crackles
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
higher

9. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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10. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
remittent
120/80
Biot's respirations

11. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
absent

12. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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13. Barely palpable
Diaphoresis
Feeble
popliteal
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

14. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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15. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Radial
pyrogens
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
stridor

16. Stage 2 hypertension
Stroke volume
^160/^100
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

17. Taking axillary temperature
absent
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
120/80

18. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
hypotension
apnea
^160/^100
Cheyenne-Stokes

19. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
96.5 to 97.5
Korotkoff sounds
Pulse

20. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
oximetry
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
+2

21. BP at or lower 90/60.
^160/^100
oximetry
hypotension
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

22. Healthly adult
12-20
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
72 bpm

23. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

24. Substances tat cause fever
Pulse pressure
higher
pyrogens
Systolic pressure

25. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
remittent
Korotkoff sounds

26. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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27. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Respiration
16-20
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

28. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
+1
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

29. The average temperature in the older adult
120/80
carotid
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
96.5 to 97.5

30. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
+2
+3
120/80
raises BP.

31. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Evaporation
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
120/70

32. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
shallow or slow breathing
Relapsing
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

33. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
popliteal
60 to 70 mL
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

34. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
shallow or slow breathing
intermittent
stridor
Respiration

35. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
Respiration
^160/^100
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
hypoxemia

36. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
ausculatation
Posterior tibial
crackles
oximeter

37. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
pyrexia
stridor

38. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
96.5 to 97.5
hypotension
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

39. How does size affect pulse?
97.5 to 99.5
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
wheeze
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

40. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
constant
120-139/80-89
Crisis
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

41. Head injury BP?
Apical
lysis
Dorsalis pedis
raises BP.

42. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
20-30
+2
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

43. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Pulse

44. Stage 1 hypertension
20-30
Hypothermia
140-159/90-99
Hyperventilation

45. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
absent
Hypothermia
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

46. Hearing
Cheyenne-Stokes
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
ausculatation

47. 3 yr old
low BP
96.5 to 97.5
120/80
20-30

48. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
apnea
palpate
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
hyperoxia

49. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Pulse pressure
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

50. Axillary temperature are
Eupnea
the lungs
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
thready