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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Systolic pressure
Conduction
Stroke volume

2. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
140-159/90-99
remittent
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

3. Stage 1 hypertension
Respiration
140-159/90-99
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

4. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
higher
Hyperventilation
hypoxemia

5. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
remittent
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
intermittent
constant

6. When should rectal temperatures be used?
20-30
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Crisis
140-159/90-99

7. Gradual return to a normal temperature
intermittent
Kussmaul's respiration
lysis
60 to 70 mL

8. Signs and symptoms of shock
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
12-20
hypotension
96.5 to 97.5

9. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Biot's
orthostatic hypertension
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

10. How does external respiration occur?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
97.5 to 99.5
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

11. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
carotid
absent
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

12. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Systolic pressure
120/70
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Posterior tibial

13. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

14. Groin area
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
orthostatic hypertension
Femoral

15. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
+1
20-30
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
low

16. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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17. Adolescent
16-20
apnea
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

18. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
higher
+2

19. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
Posterior tibial
Irregular
raises BP.

20. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

21. Fever above 100.2 F
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
pyrexia
Radial
Brachial

22. Substances tat cause fever
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
pyrogens
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

23. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
remittent
dyspnea
Irregular
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

24. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

25. Stage 2 hypertension
hypoxia
96.5 to 97.5
^160/^100
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

26. Bend of knee
Irregular
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
popliteal

27. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
tachycardia
hypotension
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

28. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
+2
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

29. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Pulse pressure
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Eupnea

30. Barely palpable
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Diastolic pressure
Feeble
120-139/80-89

31. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

32. Sex BP?
97.5 to 99.5
hypertension
Rhonchi
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

33. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Convection
Pedal pulse
Conduction
bradycardia

34. Feel
Irregular
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
wheeze
palpate

35. When is apicial pulse used?
Pulse pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
96.5 to 97.5

36. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
30-80
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
pyrexia
Hypothermia

37. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
Biot's respirations
left Sims position
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

38. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
wheeze
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

39. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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40. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
72 bpm
Systolic pressure
^160/^100

41. Absence of breathing
Stertor
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Axillary.
apnea

42. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
hypoxia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
hyperoxia

43. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Stroke Volume
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Diastolic pressure

44. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Axillary.

45. 2nd stage of fever is?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
absent
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

46. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
carotid
Cheyenne-Stokes
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

47. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Posterior tibial
Convection
^160/^100
+1

48. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
bradypnea
Crisis
hypotension
shallow or slow breathing

49. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Diastolic pressure
remittent
palpate

50. 1st stage of fever is?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
BMR
120-139/80-89