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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Head injury BP?
Eupnea
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Pedal pulse
raises BP.

2. How does age affect pulse?
96.5 to 97.5
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

3. Measurement of oxygen
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
higher
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
oximetry

4. Diurnal variation BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Cheyenne-Stokes
120/70

5. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
dyspnea
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

6. Abrupt decline in fever
thready
wheeze
Crisis
Core Temperature

7. Sex BP?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
120-139/80-89
Pulse pressure
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

8. Heart
72 bpm
Apical
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

9. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
12-20
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

10. Stage 1 hypertension
Systolic pressure
Relapsing
140-159/90-99
Eupnea

11. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Systolic pressure
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Hyperventilation

12. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Pulse

13. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Systolic pressure
fever
absent

14. Elderly respiration
Feeble
pyrogens
the lungs
16-20

15. BP at or lower 90/60.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
hypotension
Biot's
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

16. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Eupnea
remittent
Posterior tibial
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

17. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
lysis

18. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
thready
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

19. The volume of blood pushed into the aorta per heartbeat.
BMR
Feeble
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Stroke volume

20. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Korotkoff sounds
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Axillary.

21. Enviromental temperature BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

22. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
the lungs
Respiration
Cheyenne-Stokes

23. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Relapsing
Hyperventilation
Cheyenne-Stokes
16-20

24. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
carotid
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
hypoxia
bradypnea

25. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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26. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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27. Prehypertension
Stroke Volume
Kussmaul's respiration
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
120-139/80-89

28. How do you measure the apical pulse?
left Sims position
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
shallow or slow breathing

29. Bend of elbow
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Brachial
carotid
fever

30. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
thready
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

31. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

32. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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33. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
120/80
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Diastolic pressure

34. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
arrhythmia
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Conduction

35. An example of nursing planning
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Dorsalis pedis

36. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
BMR
Convection
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
oximetry

37. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
low

38. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
Respiration
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Pulse pressure

39. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
constant

40. Elevated temperature
^160/^100
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
fever

41. Average pulse rate for an adult
Stertor
72 bpm
12-20
Convection

42. Side of neck
Respiration
carotid
Stertor
Brachial

43. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Pulse
wheeze

44. High oxygen
hyperoxia
Tachypnea
Brachial
low

45. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
Pulse pressure
hyperoxia
20-30

46. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
shallow or slow breathing
intermittent
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

47. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
bradycardia
120-139/80-89
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

48. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
BMR
tachycardia
+3

49. Axillary temperature are
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Apical
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

50. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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