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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Sex BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
left Sims position
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

2. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
bradycardia
left Sims position
+3
120/80

3. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
wheeze
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Systolic pressure

4. Those at risk for hypothermia include
low
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Cardiac Output
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

5. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
72 bpm
arrhythmia
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

6. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
constant
120/70

7. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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8. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
fever
Respiration
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

9. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
+1
dyspnea
Respiration
16-20

10. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Biot's respirations
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

11. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
crackles
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
hypoxemia
remittent

12. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
+2
Core Temperature
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

13. Average pulse rate for an adult
Pedal pulse
Pulse
72 bpm
Cheyenne-Stokes

14. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Femoral
Diaphoresis
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

15. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Respiration
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
hypoxia

16. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Conduction
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

17. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Dorsalis pedis
hypertension

18. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

19. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
palpate
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
16-20

20. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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21. Measurement of oxygen
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
oximetry
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
the lungs

22. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Hyperventilation
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Rhonchi

23. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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24. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Tachypnea
Pulse pressure

25. An example of a nursing diagnoses
hypoxemia
Biot's
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

26. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Core Temperature
+2
120/80
Diastolic pressure

27. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Evaporation
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
arrhythmia
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

28. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Eupnea
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
140-159/90-99

29. Top of left foot
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Dorsalis pedis
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Brachial

30. Stress & emotions. BP?
higher
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
It will also fall
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

31. Enviromental temperature BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Femoral
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

32. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
^160/^100
tachycardia
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

33. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
Irregular
Cardiac Output
Pedal pulse
dyspnea

34. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
hypoxia
Stroke Volume

35. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
oximeter
60 to 70 mL

36. The average temperature in the older adult
higher
Conduction
arrhythmia
96.5 to 97.5

37. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Evaporation
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Pulse pressure
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

38. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Eupnea
orthostatic hypertension
shallow or slow breathing

39. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
120-139/80-89
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
intermittent
hypoxemia

40. People most at risk for hypertension
140-159/90-99
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Evaporation
carotid

41. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Irregular
Eupnea
Relapsing
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

42. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
oximetry
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
low BP
Diastolic pressure

43. Heart
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Apical
30-80
Pulse pressure

44. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Diaphoresis
shallow or slow breathing
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Pulse pressure

45. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
16-20
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
the lungs

46. How should respirations be counted?
wheeze
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

47. Side of forehead
hyperoxia
Korotkoff sounds
Biot's
Temporal

48. High oxygen
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Apical
low BP
hyperoxia

49. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
96.5 to 97.5
+1
intermittent
+2

50. Newborn
72 bpm
30-80
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Core Temperature