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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Absence of breathing
16-20
apnea
Kussmaul's respiration
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

2. This affects the character of the pulse.
+2
Biot's
Hypothermia
Stroke Volume

3. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
stridor
popliteal
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
left Sims position

4. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Hypothermia
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

5. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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6. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
pyrexia
Irregular

7. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
+2
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Pulse
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

8. Fever above 100.2 F
arrhythmia
wheeze
pyrexia
120/70

9. Low oxygen
Korotkoff sounds
hypoxia
Biot's respirations
Pulse

10. Diurnal variation BP?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Pedal pulse
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
lysis

11. Groin area
Rhonchi
crackles
+3
Femoral

12. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Eupnea
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

13. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Radial

14. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
dyspnea
Dorsalis pedis
Eupnea
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

15. How do you measure the apical pulse?
+1
Cardiac Output
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Systolic pressure

16. Side of forehead
Stroke Volume
Temporal
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

17. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
higher
Cardiac Output
120/80
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

18. Excessive sweat production
bradypnea
Biot's respirations
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Diaphoresis

19. 2nd stage of fever is?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Convection
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Feeble

20. Normal body temperature ranges?
97.5 to 99.5
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

21. Hearing
Evaporation
Hypothermia
It will also fall
ausculatation

22. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Systolic pressure
Rhonchi
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

23. Side of wrist
Hyperventilation
Radial
low
shallow or slow breathing

24. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Pulse

25. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Korotkoff sounds
Axillary.

26. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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27. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

28. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
120/80
Stertor
140-159/90-99
+3

29. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
arrhythmia
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

30. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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31. Adolescent
16-20
+3
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

32. Elevated temperature
oximetry
120-139/80-89
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
fever

33. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
fever
Eupnea
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Stroke Volume

34. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
orthostatic hypertension
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Biot's

35. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Korotkoff sounds
Biot's respirations
Diastolic pressure

36. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
Apical
fever
30-80

37. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
dyspnea
oximeter
the lungs
It will also fall

38. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
oximeter
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Femoral
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

39. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Pulse pressure
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
BMR
higher

40. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Temporal
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

41. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
low
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

42. 1st stage of fever is?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
hypotension

43. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Cardiac Output
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

44. How does external respiration occur?
Posterior tibial
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
120/70
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

45. High oxygen
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
hyperoxia

46. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Convection
+3
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Biot's

47. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
Rhonchi
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
ausculatation

48. Symptoms of hypoxia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Biot's respirations
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

49. Feel
palpate
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
97.5 to 99.5
Korotkoff sounds

50. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
orthostatic hypertension
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons