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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Respiration
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

2. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Convection
higher
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

3. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Pulse pressure
oximeter
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
thready

4. Abrupt decline in fever
Hyperventilation
Crisis
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

5. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
intermittent

6. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
intermittent
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

7. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
tachycardia
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

8. Rectal temperature are
the lungs
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

9. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
Pedal pulse
Eupnea
+1
crackles

10. Signs and symptoms of shock
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Diastolic pressure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

11. Groin area
lysis
16-20
Femoral
Diaphoresis

12. Side of wrist
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Radial
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

13. Adolescent
absent
stridor
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
16-20

14. People most at risk for hypertension
+2
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
thready
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

15. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
pyrexia
hypotension
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

16. Bend of elbow
Brachial
Temporal
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Crisis

17. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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18. Measurement of oxygen
+3
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
oximetry

19. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
120-139/80-89
Stroke Volume
Pulse
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

20. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Diaphoresis
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
hypoxia
Radial

21. Bend of knee
Femoral
popliteal
palpate
Temporal

22. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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23. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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24. Those at risk for hypothermia include
pyrexia
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

25. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
bradycardia
apnea
Relapsing

26. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
60 to 70 mL
tachycardia
Conduction

27. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Diaphoresis
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
140-159/90-99

28. Head injury BP?
raises BP.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Posterior tibial

29. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
hyperoxia
Tachypnea

30. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
arrhythmia
stridor
lysis
Axillary.

31. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
hypertension
+2
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
low BP

32. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Posterior tibial
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

33. When should rectal temperatures be used?
60 to 70 mL
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
hypoxemia

34. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Temporal
60 to 70 mL
16-20

35. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
hypoxemia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
dyspnea
+1

36. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the lungs
pyrogens
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

37. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
12-20
60 to 70 mL
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

38. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
16-20
orthostatic hypertension
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Korotkoff sounds

39. Newborn
Posterior tibial
^160/^100
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
30-80

40. Average pulse rate for an adult
120/80
absent
72 bpm
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

41. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Evaporation
Pulse pressure
bradycardia
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

42. What are the 5 vital signs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
hypoxemia
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

43. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
left Sims position
bradycardia
140-159/90-99
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

44. 3rd stage of fever?
low
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Conduction
hypotension

45. When is apicial pulse used?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
apnea
carotid
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

46. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
12-20
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
+3
Cheyenne-Stokes

47. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
120-139/80-89
intermittent

48. Inside ankle
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Posterior tibial
Rhonchi

49. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Temporal
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

50. How do you measure the apical pulse?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
low
Nursing interventions to reduce fever