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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Diurnal variation BP?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
+3

2. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
dyspnea
tachycardia
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Hyperventilation

3. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
60 to 70 mL
BMR
Stroke volume
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

4. How does age affect pulse?
+2
ausculatation
carotid
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

5. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Conduction
crackles
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

6. BP at or lower 90/60.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
hypotension
+1
Brachial

7. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Posterior tibial
wheeze

8. Groin area
hypotension
Femoral
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
120/70

9. How is pulse best found?
Femoral
raises BP.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

10. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Rhonchi
Crisis
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

11. Those at risk for hypothermia include
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
tachycardia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

12. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
120-139/80-89
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Apical
hypertension

13. When is apicial pulse used?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Hyperventilation
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

14. Feel
stridor
Irregular
palpate
oximetry

15. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Dorsalis pedis
+1
140-159/90-99
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

16. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
popliteal
stridor
Eupnea
+2

17. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
140-159/90-99

18. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
higher
Conduction
pyrogens
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

19. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
ausculatation
Conduction
+2

20. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
hypotension
ausculatation
Feeble

21. Average pulse rate for an adult
dyspnea
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
72 bpm
Pulse

22. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
remittent
Radial
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

23. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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24. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
140-159/90-99
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
30-80

25. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
low BP
pyrogens

26. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
16-20

27. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
constant
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Dorsalis pedis
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

28. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
raises BP.
+2
Brachial
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

29. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Temporal
raises BP.
Posterior tibial
Eupnea

30. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
tachycardia
Stroke volume
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

31. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

32. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
left Sims position
low BP
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

33. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
pyrexia
arrhythmia
Cheyenne-Stokes
+2

34. Stage 1 hypertension
Rhonchi
140-159/90-99
Dorsalis pedis
Kussmaul's respiration

35. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
left Sims position
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Pulse pressure

36. Newborn
dyspnea
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
30-80

37. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
intermittent
+2
+3
arrhythmia

38. Side of neck
dyspnea
carotid
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Rhonchi

39. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Cheyenne-Stokes
Posterior tibial
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
thready

40. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Feeble
wheeze

41. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Relapsing
tachycardia
Femoral

42. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
apnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Crisis
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

43. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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44. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
constant
Korotkoff sounds
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

45. Inside ankle
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
low BP
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Posterior tibial

46. Substances tat cause fever
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
pyrogens
raises BP.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

47. What are the 5 vital signs?
absent
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
the lungs
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

48. Excessive sweat production
ausculatation
bradycardia
Diaphoresis
BMR

49. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
bradycardia
+3
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
97.5 to 99.5

50. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Kussmaul's respiration
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

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Measuring Vital Signs

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