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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
+2
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Diastolic pressure
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

2. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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3. How does size affect pulse?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
16-20
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

4. Excessive sweat production
Hyperventilation
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Diaphoresis
BMR

5. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Systolic pressure

6. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
120-139/80-89
wheeze
bradypnea
remittent

7. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
hypoxia
BMR
shallow or slow breathing
absent

8. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
low BP
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Core Temperature
apnea

9. Hearing
carotid
ausculatation
tachycardia
bradypnea

10. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
dyspnea
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

11. 2nd stage of fever is?
constant
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
hypoxia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

12. What are the 5 vital signs?
raises BP.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Hyperventilation

13. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Pedal pulse
Systolic pressure
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

14. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
orthostatic hypertension
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
stridor

15. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
remittent
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypoxia
It will also fall

16. How is pulse best found?
Diastolic pressure
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
carotid

17. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Axillary.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Diastolic pressure

18. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Respiration
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

19. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
oximeter
wheeze
palpate
It will also fall

20. Diurnal variation BP?
16-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

21. Lobes in the lungs?
Core Temperature
Crisis
Pedal pulse
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

22. 3 yr old
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Feeble
20-30

23. This affects the character of the pulse.
Femoral
Stroke Volume
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
shallow or slow breathing

24. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
16-20
orthostatic hypertension
Conduction

25. Side of wrist
Relapsing
Radial
tachycardia
+3

26. 1st stage of fever is?
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Systolic pressure
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

27. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
Kussmaul's respiration
hypoxia
fever

28. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
60 to 70 mL
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

29. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Hypothermia
fever
72 bpm
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

30. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Pulse
Cheyenne-Stokes

31. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
+1
Respiration
Feeble
arrhythmia

32. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
Temporal
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
60 to 70 mL
wheeze

33. Gradual return to a normal temperature
the lungs
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
lysis
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

34. How does age affect pulse?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

35. 3rd stage of fever?
Temporal
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

36. People most at risk for hypertension
Convection
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Biot's

37. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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38. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
16-20
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
intermittent

39. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Pedal pulse
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

40. Substances tat cause fever
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
pyrogens
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
fever

41. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
Pulse pressure
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
crackles
Brachial

42. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
16-20
97.5 to 99.5
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
arrhythmia

43. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
left Sims position
Hyperventilation

44. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
pyrexia
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

45. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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46. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
Axillary.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Relapsing

47. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
It will also fall
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

48. Adolescent
wheeze
60 to 70 mL
16-20
Core Temperature

49. Abrupt decline in fever
constant
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Pulse pressure
Crisis

50. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
pyrogens
72 bpm