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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Korotkoff sounds
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Pulse pressure
Biot's

2. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
Posterior tibial
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

3. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
hypoxemia
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

4. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Biot's respirations
Respiration
dyspnea
low

5. Taking a rectal temperature
pyrogens
Diaphoresis
+3
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

6. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
remittent
Tachypnea
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

7. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Hyperventilation
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
hyperoxia

8. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
pyrogens
apnea
Radial
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

9. How does external respiration occur?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
pyrogens
Respiration
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

10. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
tachycardia
left Sims position

11. Gradual return to a normal temperature
shallow or slow breathing
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
lysis
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

12. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
intermittent
crackles
apnea
thready

13. Stage 2 hypertension
oximetry
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
^160/^100
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

14. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
higher
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Relapsing
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

15. Healthly adult
12-20
palpate
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
dyspnea

16. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
hypoxemia
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
orthostatic hypertension

17. Feel
Feeble
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
palpate

18. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Pedal pulse
Relapsing
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
stridor

19. Absence of breathing
20-30
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
apnea

20. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
hypoxemia
140-159/90-99
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

21. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
stridor
Posterior tibial
tachycardia
bradypnea

22. How is pulse best found?
+1
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Conduction
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

23. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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24. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
^160/^100
dyspnea
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

25. Measurement of oxygen
oximetry
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

26. Signs and symptoms of shock
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
higher
hyperoxia

27. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
shallow or slow breathing
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
120/80
It will also fall

28. Enviromental temperature BP?
oximetry
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

29. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Tachypnea
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Stertor
left Sims position

30. High oxygen
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
hyperoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
+3

31. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Apical
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
+3

32. Fever above 100.2 F
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
pyrexia
BMR

33. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
popliteal
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Diastolic pressure
20-30

34. Groin area
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Femoral
intermittent

35. 2nd stage of fever is?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

36. Bend of knee
dyspnea
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
popliteal
left Sims position

37. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
It will also fall
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Cheyenne-Stokes

38. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
+1
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Kussmaul's respiration

39. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
shallow or slow breathing
thready
Pulse pressure
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

40. When should rectal temperatures be used?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
60 to 70 mL
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

41. Barely palpable
pyrexia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Core Temperature
Feeble

42. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
96.5 to 97.5
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
remittent
Stroke volume

43. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
It will also fall
absent
popliteal
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

44. When is apicial pulse used?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
60 to 70 mL
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Core Temperature

45. Axillary temperature are
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Hyperventilation
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

46. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
120/80
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
+2

47. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Axillary.
Diastolic pressure

48. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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49. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
20-30
Cheyenne-Stokes
low BP
Pulse pressure

50. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
Pulse pressure
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs