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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 2nd stage of fever is?
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
low
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

2. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
bradycardia
Biot's respirations
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

3. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
hypoxemia
thready
+2
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

4. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
96.5 to 97.5
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
+1

5. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
hypotension
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
^160/^100
absent

6. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
^160/^100
BMR
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
arrhythmia

7. Elevated temperature
fever
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Systolic pressure

8. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
pyrexia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
palpate

9. Axillary temperature are
Radial
Stroke Volume
tachycardia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

10. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
crackles
+3
hyperoxia

11. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
constant
140-159/90-99
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

12. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Pedal pulse
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

13. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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14. Substances tat cause fever
pyrogens
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
tachycardia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

15. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
oximetry
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Pedal pulse

16. How is pulse best found?
remittent
It will also fall
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
72 bpm

17. Elderly respiration
16-20
120/80
bradycardia
Eupnea

18. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Pulse
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

19. Newborn
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
30-80

20. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Pedal pulse
bradypnea
Radial
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

21. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Stertor

22. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
hypoxia
low BP
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

23. Stress & emotions. BP?
higher
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
hypoxemia
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

24. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Apical
Hypothermia
Axillary.

25. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
dyspnea
stridor
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

26. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Korotkoff sounds
140-159/90-99

27. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
left Sims position
Core Temperature
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
intermittent

28. Bend of elbow
Temporal
Brachial
shallow or slow breathing
120/70

29. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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30. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Stroke volume
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

31. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
BMR
oximeter

32. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
Evaporation
Respiration
the lungs

33. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
^160/^100
bradypnea
Stroke Volume
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

34. Lobes in the lungs?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

35. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
oximetry
Biot's respirations
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

36. Feel
palpate
97.5 to 99.5
Biot's
low

37. Groin area
Femoral
bradypnea
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
left Sims position

38. How does age affect pulse?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
dyspnea
shallow or slow breathing
16-20

39. This affects the character of the pulse.
Stroke Volume
97.5 to 99.5
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Diaphoresis

40. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
Pedal pulse
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
BMR
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

41. Diurnal variation BP?
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
120/70
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

42. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume
tachycardia
Dorsalis pedis

43. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Convection

44. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
60 to 70 mL
Evaporation

45. Taking axillary temperature
Posterior tibial
ausculatation
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Hyperventilation

46. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
120/80
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Pulse pressure
Tachypnea

47. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
dyspnea
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

48. Absence of breathing
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
60 to 70 mL
apnea
pyrexia

49. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
thready
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
crackles

50. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
low BP
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing