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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Respiration
16-20
palpate
It will also fall

2. Diurnal variation BP?
Systolic pressure
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

3. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
constant
20-30

4. 2nd stage of fever is?
Irregular
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

5. Side of forehead
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Temporal
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
remittent

6. Head injury BP?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
raises BP.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

7. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Cardiac Output
pyrexia
It will also fall

8. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Biot's respirations
Conduction
low BP
Evaporation

9. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Apical
72 bpm
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

10. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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11. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
16-20
carotid

12. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
bradycardia
Tachypnea
It will also fall
Core Temperature

13. High oxygen
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
lysis
hyperoxia

14. Taking axillary temperature
higher
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

15. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
lysis
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

16. Stress & emotions. BP?
higher
+3
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

17. Axillary temperature are
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
lysis
BMR

18. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Eupnea
hypoxia
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

19. Normal body temperature ranges?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
97.5 to 99.5
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
It will also fall

20. Elevated temperature
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Femoral
BMR
fever

21. Elderly respiration
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
16-20
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

22. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Irregular
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Hypothermia

23. How does age affect pulse?
apnea
60 to 70 mL
dyspnea
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

24. Feel
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Stertor
palpate
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

25. How is shock caused?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Stroke volume

26. How does external respiration occur?
Stertor
hypotension
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Crisis

27. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
wheeze
Tachypnea
Cheyenne-Stokes
stridor

28. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
Biot's
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
20-30
Crisis

29. People most at risk for hypertension
hypoxia
Feeble
wheeze
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

30. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
+3
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

31. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
remittent
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

32. Fever above 100.2 F
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
pyrexia
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Kussmaul's respiration

33. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
the lungs
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
120/70
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

34. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
hyperoxia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Convection

35. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
absent

36. Top of left foot
Stertor
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Dorsalis pedis
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

37. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
BMR
stridor

38. How does size affect pulse?
pyrogens
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
lysis
hyperoxia

39. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
Core Temperature
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

40. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
low BP
pyrexia
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

41. Taking a rectal temperature
the lungs
Diaphoresis
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Apical

42. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
orthostatic hypertension
the lungs
intermittent

43. Bend of knee
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
popliteal
It will also fall
Convection

44. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
BMR
Brachial
+2

45. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Dorsalis pedis

46. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Crisis
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

47. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Pedal pulse
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
fever
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

48. Rectal temperature are
Apical
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
left Sims position
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

49. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
^160/^100
hyperoxia
hypertension

50. Newborn
left Sims position
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
apnea
30-80