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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Symptoms of hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Stroke volume

2. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
120/80
hypoxia
shallow or slow breathing
It will also fall

3. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
+2
intermittent
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

4. Hearing
Systolic pressure
pyrexia
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
ausculatation

5. Stage 2 hypertension
apnea
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
^160/^100
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

6. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
hyperoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

7. Groin area
Cardiac Output
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Femoral
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

8. Risk for prolonged hypertension
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Cheyenne-Stokes
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
arrhythmia

9. Top of left foot
120/70
Stroke Volume
Kussmaul's respiration
Dorsalis pedis

10. Excessive sweat production
Eupnea
Diaphoresis
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

11. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Pulse pressure
12-20
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

12. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
hyperoxia
Convection
arrhythmia

13. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Kussmaul's respiration
+1
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

14. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
96.5 to 97.5
Korotkoff sounds
Rhonchi
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

15. Substances tat cause fever
Korotkoff sounds
Eupnea
pyrogens
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

16. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Apical

17. Signs and symptoms of shock
Posterior tibial
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Core Temperature

18. Enviromental temperature BP?
Biot's respirations
popliteal
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
raises BP.

19. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
shallow or slow breathing
Axillary.
wheeze
orthostatic hypertension

20. Absence of breathing
hypotension
apnea
intermittent
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

21. Inside ankle
hypertension
Posterior tibial
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
crackles

22. People most at risk for hypertension
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Stroke Volume
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Cardiac Output

23. How do drugs affect pulse?
bradypnea
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
20-30

24. Fever above 100.2 F
hypotension
apnea
Convection
pyrexia

25. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Hyperventilation
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

26. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Cheyenne-Stokes
constant
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
bradypnea

27. Taking axillary temperature
Pedal pulse
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Pulse
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

28. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
left Sims position
intermittent
Conduction
oximetry

29. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
30-80
higher
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
dyspnea

30. Average blood pressure should be
120/70
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

31. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Hypothermia
Axillary.
Pulse
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

32. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
oximeter
+1

33. Axillary temperature are
pyrexia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Feeble

34. Weak and may be irregular
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
thready
16-20
intermittent

35. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
crackles
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

36. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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37. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
20-30
Core Temperature
thready

38. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
the lungs
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
absent
Rhonchi

39. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Cardiac Output
Pulse pressure
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Evaporation

40. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases

41. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
absent
Hypothermia

42. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
pyrogens
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Diastolic pressure

43. Low oxygen
Relapsing
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
low BP
hypoxia

44. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
60 to 70 mL
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Core Temperature

45. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
oximetry
remittent

46. Feel
palpate
+3
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Cardiac Output

47. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
intermittent
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Rhonchi

48. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Evaporation
Hyperventilation
arrhythmia

49. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Tachypnea
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

50. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
120/80
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
pyrogens