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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Respiration

2. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
the lungs
pyrogens
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Stroke volume

3. Bend of elbow
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Brachial
orthostatic hypertension
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

4. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
hypotension
constant
Stroke volume
Relapsing

5. State of insufficient oxygen
higher
Hypothermia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
hypoxia

6. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
Tachypnea
Brachial
wheeze
apnea

7. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

8. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Axillary.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

9. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Irregular
Conduction

10. Taking axillary temperature
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
oximeter

11. Sex BP?
Convection
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Pulse
arrhythmia

12. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
popliteal
Convection

13. 3 yr old
low
20-30
Crisis
Pedal pulse

14. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
^160/^100
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

15. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
+1
Pulse pressure
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

16. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
hypoxia
Stertor
Diaphoresis

17. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
low
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

18. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
+2
BMR
apnea
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

19. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
hypertension
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

20. Substances tat cause fever
Posterior tibial
pyrogens
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

21. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Pulse pressure
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
60 to 70 mL
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

22. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
constant

23. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Korotkoff sounds
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

24. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
12-20
low
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

25. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
+1
low
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
arrhythmia

26. Taking a rectal temperature
fever
pyrexia
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

27. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Eupnea
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Systolic pressure

28. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Cardiac Output
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
97.5 to 99.5

29. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
^160/^100
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Crisis
stridor

30. Absence of breathing
Stroke Volume
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
apnea
Dorsalis pedis

31. How is shock caused?
Hyperventilation
apnea
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
pyrexia

32. Side of forehead
Temporal
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
oximeter

33. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
pyrogens
Femoral
lysis
arrhythmia

34. Stage 1 hypertension
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
140-159/90-99
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

35. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
bradycardia

36. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Relapsing
Temporal
120/80

37. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
bradycardia
Relapsing
stridor
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

38. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
Temporal
stridor
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Pedal pulse

39. High BP
hypertension
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

40. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
120-139/80-89
orthostatic hypertension
Pulse
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

41. Risk for prolonged hypertension
wheeze
hypoxia
140-159/90-99
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

42. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Core Temperature
Brachial
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
constant

43. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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44. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
remittent
Brachial
30-80

45. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
Biot's respirations
Pulse
30-80
Core Temperature

46. Stage 2 hypertension
Eupnea
^160/^100
carotid
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

47. Heart
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
+2
Apical

48. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
raises BP.
Evaporation
120/80

49. Lobes in the lungs?
16-20
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

50. How does age affect pulse?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood