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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
+2
^160/^100

2. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
60 to 70 mL

3. 1st stage of fever is?
Biot's
Pedal pulse
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Feeble

4. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
20-30
Stroke volume
shallow or slow breathing

5. Excessive sweat production
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
carotid
Diaphoresis

6. Signs and symptoms of shock
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
bradypnea
Core Temperature

7. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
higher
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
120/70
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

8. 3rd stage of fever?
hypoxemia
Temporal
higher
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

9. Low oxygen
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
hypoxia
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
^160/^100

10. Enviromental temperature BP?
Temporal
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Respiration

11. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
97.5 to 99.5
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Radial

12. When should rectal temperatures be used?
low BP
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
palpate
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

13. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Pulse pressure
97.5 to 99.5
^160/^100

14. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
120/80
arrhythmia

15. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Stertor
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

16. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
tachycardia
Conduction
remittent
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

17. 3 yr old
16-20
20-30
Diaphoresis
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

18. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
carotid
bradycardia
Korotkoff sounds

19. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
pyrogens
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

20. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
tachycardia
16-20
hyperoxia

21. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
+1
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

22. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Stroke volume
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.

23. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
palpate
Korotkoff sounds
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

24. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
+3
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
120/70
the lungs

25. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
orthostatic hypertension
Axillary.
absent

26. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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27. How is shock caused?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Evaporation
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Femoral

28. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Pedal pulse
Cardiac Output
120/70
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

29. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Diaphoresis
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
140-159/90-99
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.

30. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Tachypnea
Pulse pressure
orthostatic hypertension

31. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Stroke volume
remittent
Feeble

32. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
120/80
hypoxia
raises BP.

33. Feel
palpate
12-20
Axillary.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

34. What are the 5 vital signs?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
left Sims position
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

35. Axillary temperature are
tachycardia
Hypothermia
crackles
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

36. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Cardiac Output
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

37. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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38. BP at or lower 90/60.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
hypotension
Radial
BMR

39. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
hyperoxia
shallow or slow breathing
remittent
arrhythmia

40. Taking axillary temperature
Korotkoff sounds
120/70
Biot's
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

41. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
arrhythmia
oximeter
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

42. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
72 bpm
12-20
hypertension

43. Stage 2 hypertension
hypoxia
^160/^100
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

44. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Cheyenne-Stokes
Stertor

45. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
oximetry
orthostatic hypertension
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

46. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Cheyenne-Stokes
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
96.5 to 97.5
Hyperventilation

47. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
60 to 70 mL
low BP
shallow or slow breathing
Pulse

48. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
low
wheeze
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
the lungs

49. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
oximeter
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

50. Groin area
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Femoral
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
thready

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Measuring Vital Signs

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