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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This affects the character of the pulse.
20-30
wheeze
fever
Stroke Volume

2. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
intermittent
the lungs

3. Measurement of oxygen
thready
120/70
oximetry
Axillary.

4. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
thready
bradycardia
Irregular
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

5. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Respiration
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
pyrogens
ausculatation

6. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
tachycardia
Irregular
120/80
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

7. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
Stroke volume
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

8. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
It will also fall
+3
Cheyenne-Stokes

9. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
pyrexia
Core Temperature
intermittent
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

10. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
palpate
Crisis
Irregular
BMR

11. Bend of knee
popliteal
absent
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

12. Elderly respiration
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
16-20
popliteal

13. Hearing
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
ausculatation
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Rhonchi

14. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
hypoxemia
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

15. Weak and may be irregular
thready
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Posterior tibial
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

16. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Rhonchi
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Relapsing
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

17. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Diastolic pressure
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Eupnea
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

18. Absence of breathing
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
apnea
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

19. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Hypothermia
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

20. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
Cheyenne-Stokes
96.5 to 97.5
orthostatic hypertension
16-20

21. Taking axillary temperature
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Pedal pulse
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

22. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
+3
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Crisis

23. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

24. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
^160/^100
30-80
oximeter
+2

25. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
carotid
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
stridor

26. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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27. Diurnal variation BP?
constant
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

28. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
lysis
wheeze
hypoxemia

29. Barely palpable
It will also fall
ausculatation
shallow or slow breathing
Feeble

30. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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31. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
140-159/90-99
Temporal
bradypnea

32. Sex BP?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Conduction
20-30

33. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
^160/^100
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Systolic pressure

34. How does age affect pulse?
Crisis
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Cheyenne-Stokes
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

35. Excessive sweat production
pyrexia
Feeble
Hyperventilation
Diaphoresis

36. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

37. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
oximeter
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Tachypnea

38. What are the 5 vital signs?
Diaphoresis
Stroke Volume
hypoxia
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.

39. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
16-20
Rhonchi
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

40. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Eupnea

41. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Diastolic pressure
hyperoxia

42. Lobes in the lungs?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
140-159/90-99
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

43. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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44. Adolescent
shallow or slow breathing
apnea
12-20
16-20

45. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
hypotension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
shallow or slow breathing

46. Abrupt decline in fever
Crisis
120-139/80-89
20-30
Hypothermia

47. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
the lungs
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
wheeze
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

48. Average blood pressure should be
lysis
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
120/70
carotid

49. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
palpate
Convection
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

50. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
Apical
Axillary.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature