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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
BMR
Biot's
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

2. How should respirations be counted?
12-20
left Sims position
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
^160/^100

3. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
60 to 70 mL
+3
Rhonchi
arrhythmia

4. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

5. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Apical
60 to 70 mL

6. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
shallow or slow breathing

7. Side of wrist
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Eupnea
Radial
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

8. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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9. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
shallow or slow breathing

10. Barely palpable
carotid
left Sims position
remittent
Feeble

11. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
low
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Temporal
Hyperventilation

12. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
140-159/90-99
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
16-20

13. Lobes in the lungs?
Stroke Volume
12-20
raises BP.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

14. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
higher

15. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
thready
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

16. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
Irregular
carotid
low

17. Healthly adult
12-20
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
palpate
ausculatation

18. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Tachypnea
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Diaphoresis
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

19. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Biot's

20. High oxygen
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
dyspnea
hyperoxia
hypoxia

21. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
140-159/90-99
Pedal pulse
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons

22. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
crackles
popliteal
120/80
Stroke Volume

23. An example of nursing planning
Brachial
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Pulse pressure

24. Bend of elbow
Brachial
palpate
Temporal
16-20

25. Rectal temperature are
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Tachypnea
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

26. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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27. How is pulse best found?
97.5 to 99.5
hypotension
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

28. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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29. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Radial
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
BMR
hypoxemia

30. 3rd stage of fever?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Respiration
shallow or slow breathing
bradypnea

31. Excessive sweat production
30-80
Pulse pressure
Diaphoresis
constant

32. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Crisis
apnea
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

33. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
bradycardia
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
absent
Cardiac Output

34. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
96.5 to 97.5
hypertension
low

35. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
Temporal
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
+2
absent

36. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
tachycardia
Pedal pulse
constant

37. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
hypertension
left Sims position
Respiration
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

38. Bend of knee
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
+2
intermittent
popliteal

39. This affects the character of the pulse.
hypotension
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Stroke Volume

40. BP at or lower 90/60.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Diaphoresis
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
hypotension

41. Weak and may be irregular
+3
20-30
wheeze
thready

42. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
dyspnea
remittent
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
arrhythmia

43. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
constant
Systolic pressure
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

44. Measurement of oxygen
140-159/90-99
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
oximetry

45. How does age affect pulse?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Cardiac Output

46. Low oxygen
60 to 70 mL
Brachial
hypoxia
Apical

47. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
arrhythmia
120/80
remittent

48. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
hypertension
bradypnea
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

49. Side of forehead
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Temporal
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.

50. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Irregular
120/80
Dorsalis pedis

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Measuring Vital Signs

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