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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
apnea
constant

2. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Core Temperature
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
higher
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

3. State of insufficient oxygen
Pulse
hyperoxia
hypoxia
Biot's

4. An example of a nursing diagnoses
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Femoral

5. Head injury BP?
hypotension
Brachial
raises BP.
Irregular

6. This affects the character of the pulse.
apnea
Korotkoff sounds
Stroke Volume
Irregular

7. Elevated temperature
fever
wheeze
orthostatic hypertension
hypertension

8. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
60 to 70 mL
12-20
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

9. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
low BP
Systolic pressure
shallow or slow breathing
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

10. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Temporal
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
+1

11. Taking a rectal temperature
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

12. Top of left foot
Dorsalis pedis
Eupnea
oximetry
tachycardia

13. Heart
Apical
BMR
Crisis
Pulse pressure

14. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
Core Temperature
16-20
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

15. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
hypotension
16-20

16. Groin area
Femoral
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
tachycardia
12-20

17. Hearing
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
intermittent
BMR
ausculatation

18. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
lysis
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

19. Excessive sweat production
left Sims position
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
140-159/90-99
Diaphoresis

20. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
+1
Hypothermia
It will also fall
the lungs

21. People most at risk for hypertension
Femoral
remittent
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Conduction

22. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
hypoxemia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
30-80

23. Stage 2 hypertension
constant
^160/^100
popliteal
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

24. Stress & emotions. BP?
apnea
low BP
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
higher

25. Risk for prolonged hypertension
pyrexia
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
bradycardia
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

26. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Feeble
120-139/80-89
pyrogens

27. The temperature of the deep tissues of the body
hypotension
Stroke Volume
Core Temperature
Pulse

28. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
BMR
bradypnea
Radial

29. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
low BP
Relapsing
Convection
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

30. Inside ankle
Posterior tibial
low BP
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

31. Adolescent
Cheyenne-Stokes
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
the lungs
16-20

32. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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33. Stage 1 hypertension
hypoxemia
pyrogens
Korotkoff sounds
140-159/90-99

34. Substances tat cause fever
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
pyrogens
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Axillary.

35. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Rhonchi
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
tachycardia

36. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
oximeter
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
BMR
+3

37. Barely palpable
Pedal pulse
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Feeble
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

38. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

39. How does age affect pulse?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
120/80
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
remittent

40. Taking axillary temperature
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Dorsalis pedis

41. Abrupt decline in fever
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Crisis
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

42. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
12-20
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

43. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
stridor
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
16-20

44. Symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
120/70
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

45. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

46. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
Stroke volume
Femoral
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
raises BP.

47. Signs and symptoms of shock
hypotension
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
higher
^160/^100

48. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Pulse
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
stridor

49. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
30-80

50. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Convection
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.