Measuring Vital Signs

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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2. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Temporal
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
left Sims position
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and


3. High oxygen
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
hyperoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
remittent


4. High BP
palpate
Respiration
hypertension
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs


5. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Biot's


6. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
intermittent
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
30-80


7. Axillary temperature are
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
Stroke volume
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)


8. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
stridor
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.


9. Increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation. Often seen with patients with acidosis and renal failure.

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10. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
Rhonchi
low
arrhythmia
Diastolic pressure


11. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
low BP
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Feeble


12. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
96.5 to 97.5
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.


13. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
hypertension
+2
shallow or slow breathing
It will also fall


14. Side of forehead
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
12-20
pyrexia
Temporal


15. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Korotkoff sounds
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
+2


16. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
the lungs
Femoral


17. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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18. Bend of knee
absent
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
popliteal
Dorsalis pedis


19. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Hyperventilation
oximetry
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl


20. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
low
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.


21. Signs and symptoms of shock
Conduction
intermittent
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Posterior tibial


22. Average blood pressure should be
absent
Biot's
pyrogens
120/70


23. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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24. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Irregular
hypoxia
pyrexia
Eupnea


25. What are the 5 vital signs?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Stroke volume
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.


26. Inside ankle
palpate
Posterior tibial
Tachypnea
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.


27. How should respirations be counted?
arrhythmia
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
96.5 to 97.5


28. Heat is lost from the body by evaporation. resulting in a daily loss of 800mL of water from skin and lungs.
Evaporation
remittent
pyrogens
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.


29. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Core Temperature
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Convection


30. Risk for prolonged hypertension
fever
Core Temperature
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
ausculatation


31. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Biot's
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Respiration
Stroke volume


32. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
120/70
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing


33. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Conduction
16-20


34. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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35. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
oximetry
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
60 to 70 mL
stridor


36. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
apnea
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Pedal pulse


37. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
ausculatation
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
left Sims position


38. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
wheeze
hypoxia
absent
dyspnea


39. How should baby's temperature be taken?
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Axillary.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Hypothermia


40. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
bradypnea
hyperoxia
low BP
120/80


41. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
+1
ausculatation
Tachypnea
Diaphoresis


42. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Rhonchi
Convection
hyperoxia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels


43. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
crackles


44. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
popliteal
Pulse
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling


45. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Hypothermia
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
+3
low


46. Taking axillary temperature
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Relapsing
16-20
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.


47. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
+2
hypertension
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.


48. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Posterior tibial
fever
apnea


49. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
remittent
Temporal
Pedal pulse
Crisis


50. 1st stage of fever is?
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.