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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
low
Biot's respirations

2. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
ausculatation
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
60 to 70 mL
pyrogens

3. Taking axillary temperature
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
30-80
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
^160/^100

4. Diurnal variation BP?
apnea
97.5 to 99.5
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

5. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Cardiac Output

6. Side of neck
remittent
carotid
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

7. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
higher
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
wheeze
Cheyenne-Stokes

8. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
constant
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
wheeze

9. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
hypoxia
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

10. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
hypotension
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

11. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
30-80
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
remittent
dyspnea

12. What are the 5 vital signs?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
bradypnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Dorsalis pedis

13. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
absent
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
the lungs
Feeble

14. Side of forehead
It will also fall
Temporal
Diaphoresis
lysis

15. Feel
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
thready
palpate
wheeze

16. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
hypotension
arrhythmia
Crisis
72 bpm

17. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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18. An example of a nursing diagnoses
12-20
hypoxia
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
+2

19. When should rectal temperatures be used?
orthostatic hypertension
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
96.5 to 97.5
fever

20. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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21. Elderly respiration
97.5 to 99.5
16-20
Diastolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

22. Bend of elbow
arrhythmia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
crackles
Brachial

23. Average blood pressure should be
120-139/80-89
120/70
BMR
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

24. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
+2
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

25. Sex BP?
Posterior tibial
Stroke volume
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
thready

26. 1st stage of fever is?
Evaporation
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

27. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypoxia
Axillary.

28. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Tachypnea
120/80
Pulse pressure

29. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
16-20
pyrexia
constant
Feeble

30. Substances tat cause fever
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
hypertension
pyrogens
Femoral

31. High BP
low BP
hypertension
raises BP.
thready

32. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Biot's
Femoral
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

33. The average temperature in the older adult
carotid
96.5 to 97.5
Cheyenne-Stokes
Biot's respirations

34. Risk for prolonged hypertension
oximetry
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

35. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
apnea
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
orthostatic hypertension

36. 3rd stage of fever?
lysis
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
bradypnea
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

37. Healthly adult
12-20
carotid
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Crisis

38. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
dyspnea
Pulse pressure

39. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
hypertension
raises BP.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Respiration

40. Measurement of oxygen
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
oximetry
12-20

41. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Eupnea
Hypothermia
low BP

42. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
intermittent
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
carotid

43. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Diastolic pressure
low
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
orthostatic hypertension

44. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

45. Side of wrist
raises BP.
Radial
hyperoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

46. Prehypertension
Diaphoresis
120-139/80-89
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

47. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
hypoxia
hyperoxia

48. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Kussmaul's respiration
hypoxemia
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Pulse pressure

49. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
+3
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
lysis

50. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Pulse pressure
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.