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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Brachial

2. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
carotid
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Crisis
Core Temperature

3. Bend of knee
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
popliteal
Convection

4. How is shock caused?
orthostatic hypertension
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
hypoxia
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

5. Axillary temperature are
intermittent
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
hypoxia

6. State of insufficient oxygen
hypoxia
Radial
Systolic pressure
16-20

7. When is apicial pulse used?
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
pyrexia
low BP
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.

8. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
Stertor
Respiration
oximeter
72 bpm

9. Elevated temperature
140-159/90-99
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
constant
fever

10. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
16-20
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
bradypnea

11. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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12. Feel
Radial
palpate
Pulse
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

13. Average pulse rate for an adult
72 bpm
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

14. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
Stroke volume
bradycardia
72 bpm

15. Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Relapsing
Core Temperature

16. Adolescent
Biot's
Temporal
16-20
Brachial

17. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Brachial
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

18. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
96.5 to 97.5
97.5 to 99.5

19. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
low BP
Feeble
Pulse

20. Gradual return to a normal temperature
+2
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
60 to 70 mL
lysis

21. What are the 5 vital signs?
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
96.5 to 97.5
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

22. 3rd stage of fever?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
low BP
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
carotid

23. An example of a nursing diagnoses
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Femoral
left Sims position
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

24. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
Crisis
raises BP.
fever
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

25. Difficult and labored breathing - can often be accompanied by flared nostrils - anxious appearance - and statements such as I cant get enough air.
dyspnea
Apical
^160/^100
Respiration

26. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Apical
Pulse
Systolic pressure
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

27. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Relapsing
hypoxia
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

28. Rectal temperature are
Stroke volume
bradypnea
Tachypnea
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

29. Barely palpable
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
Pulse pressure
Stroke volume
Feeble

30. How does size affect pulse?
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
hypoxemia
120/80
stridor

31. Measurement of oxygen
oximetry
Brachial
It will also fall
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

32. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Korotkoff sounds
Conduction
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
low

33. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Diastolic pressure
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

34. Stage 2 hypertension
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
^160/^100
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
intermittent

35. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
constant
Tachypnea
Biot's respirations
Cheyenne-Stokes

36. Risk for prolonged hypertension
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

37. Sex BP?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
Stertor
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

38. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
BMR
fever
+2
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

39. Head injury BP?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
raises BP.
lysis

40. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
97.5 to 99.5
low BP

41. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
left Sims position
Korotkoff sounds

42. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
BMR
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
low BP
Rhonchi

43. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

44. What affects does aging do to the blood pressure?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

45. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
Stertor
stridor
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

46. Snoring sound produced when patients are unable to cough up secretions from the trachea or bronchi
Stertor
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

47. Disappearance of sound. (marks diastolic pressure in adults)
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Stertor
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

48. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Korotkoff sounds
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Hyperventilation

49. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
crackles
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
bradycardia
Feeble

50. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
Pulse pressure
Stertor
crackles