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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do drugs affect pulse?
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
remittent
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
fever

2. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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3. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Hypothermia
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
orthostatic hypertension

4. Adolescent
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
16-20
Rhonchi
popliteal

5. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
dyspnea
tachycardia
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

6. 3 yr old
Irregular
Brachial
20-30
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

7. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
oximeter
Cardiac Output

8. When should rectal temperatures be used?
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
12-20
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
97.5 to 99.5

9. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
dyspnea
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Conduction
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

10. Encourage a large fluid intake - lower room temperature - increase air circulation - remove items of clothes - control or reduce the amount of body activity - carry out physicians orders
hyperoxia
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Relapsing
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

11. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

12. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Eupnea
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

13. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
arrhythmia
Pedal pulse
Stertor

14. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
20-30
fever

15. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
orthostatic hypertension
hypertension
absent
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

16. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
+1
ausculatation
20-30

17. Newborn
palpate
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
30-80
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

18. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
Radial
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
tachycardia
It will also fall

19. How should baby's temperature be taken?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Axillary.
thready
120/70

20. What happens whens vasoconstriction causes peripheral vascular resistance to rise?
apnea
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
low

21. How cardiac contractions are normally initiated by the electrical impules emerging from what?
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
30-80
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

22. Fever above 100.2 F
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
pyrexia
Crisis
120/70

23. Stress & emotions. BP?
20-30
higher
Evaporation
Systolic pressure

24. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Posterior tibial
carotid
constant

25. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
20-30
Convection
absent
higher

26. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

27. How should respirations be counted?
Crisis
raises BP.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Pulse pressure

28. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
72 bpm
Pulse
96.5 to 97.5
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

29. 3rd stage of fever?
Core Temperature
Hyperventilation
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

30. People most at risk for hypertension
Core Temperature
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
popliteal

31. Average pulse rate for an adult
120-139/80-89
Hyperventilation
72 bpm
Systolic pressure

32. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
bradypnea
Evaporation
120/80
Tachypnea

33. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the lungs
Tachypnea

34. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Tachypnea
the lungs
Biot's respirations
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

35. Weak and may be irregular
140-159/90-99
thready
Core Temperature
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

36. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
Hyperventilation
Relapsing
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
72 bpm

37. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
ausculatation
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
Stroke volume
left Sims position

38. An example of nursing planning
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Korotkoff sounds
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket

39. BP at or lower 90/60.
Rhonchi
Femoral
+1
hypotension

40. 2nd stage of fever is?
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
pyrexia
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

41. Symptoms of hypoxia
Cheyenne-Stokes
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
97.5 to 99.5

42. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
16-20
Pulse pressure
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat

43. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
raises BP.

44. How is shock caused?
120/70
16-20
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

45. Groin area
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Femoral
^160/^100
+2

46. Prehypertension
Crisis
120-139/80-89
Diaphoresis
stridor

47. Signs and symptoms of shock
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
left Sims position
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

48. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Conduction
pyrexia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

49. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
orthostatic hypertension
palpate
It will also fall
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood

50. Bend of elbow
Crisis
Brachial
Conduction
Stertor