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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
Eupnea
carotid
Femoral

2. Side of neck
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
popliteal
Crisis
carotid

3. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
popliteal
crackles
Brachial
Kussmaul's respiration

4. How does age affect pulse?
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
Respiration

5. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
Cheyenne-Stokes
Feeble
hypoxia

6. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Diastolic pressure
Evaporation
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Brachial

7. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Convection
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

8. When is apicial pulse used?
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

9. 1st stage of fever is?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
120/70
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

10. An example of a nursing diagnoses
+1
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

11. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
absent
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
pyrexia
^160/^100

12. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Evaporation
raises BP.

13. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
higher
left Sims position

14. Lobes in the lungs?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

15. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
120/70
Conduction
Relapsing

16. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same
shallow or slow breathing
Irregular
It will also fall

17. How is shock caused?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
intermittent
Respiration
Biot's

18. Side of wrist
Convection
Radial
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
bradycardia

19. Stage 2 hypertension
Biot's
higher
^160/^100
Brachial

20. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Radial
constant
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

21. Diurnal variation BP?
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
apnea
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

22. Barely palpable
Feeble
It will also fall
12-20
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.

23. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Hyperventilation
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
hyperoxia

24. Healthly adult
12-20
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.

25. Enviromental temperature BP?
Conduction
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

26. Those at risk for hypothermia include
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
carotid
Femoral
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

27. Excessive sweat production
Convection
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
remittent
Diaphoresis

28. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Systolic pressure
BMR
higher
Pulse pressure

29. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
intermittent

30. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
wheeze
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
+2
intermittent

31. Signs and symptoms of shock
72 bpm
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.

32. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
left Sims position
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

33. How do you measure the apical pulse?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

34. Risk for prolonged hypertension
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Cardiac Output
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

35. Elevated temperature
fever
30-80
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Evaporation

36. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
the lungs
Tachypnea
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

37. How should baby's temperature be taken?
Pedal pulse
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Axillary.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

38. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
20-30
72 bpm
Diastolic pressure
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

39. Newborn
30-80
hypertension
Brachial
Cheyenne-Stokes

40. A sudden change or muffling of the sound. (indicates diastolic pressure in children and some adults)
stridor
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Pulse
lysis

41. Absence of breathing
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
crackles
apnea

42. What will happen in febrile stage if temperature is very high or temperature stays for a long amount of time?
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
dyspnea
Axillary.
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

43. This affects the character of the pulse.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Stroke Volume
+2
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

44. Adolescent
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
remittent
16-20

45. Abrupt decline in fever
Systolic pressure
Crisis
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
stridor

46. Side of forehead
120/70
Temporal
Stroke volume
16-20

47. While measuring the BP certain sounds may be heard that relate to the effect of the blood pressure cuff on the arterial wall.
thready
low BP
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Korotkoff sounds

48. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
left Sims position
stridor

49. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
Femoral
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
120/80
hypotension

50. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
carotid
hypoxemia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Hypothermia