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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
Relapsing
bradypnea
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

2. The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Systolic pressure
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Relapsing

3. Taking a rectal temperature
lysis
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
low BP

4. Healthly adult
16-20
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
12-20

5. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
fever
arrhythmia
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
16-20

6. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
20-30
60 to 70 mL

7. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
Stroke volume
oximetry
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

8. The rate at which heat is produced when the body is at rest.
hyperoxia
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
BMR
30-80

9. Those at risk for hypothermia include
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
wheeze

10. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Diaphoresis
Conduction
Hyperventilation
the lungs

11. High BP
hypertension
higher
hypoxia
hypotension

12. Adolescent
16-20
low
decrease BP - increase pulse rate - cold and clammy skin - dizziness - blurred vision - and apprehension.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

13. Increased or rapid breathing results from te presence of fever and a number or diseases. breathing rate increased about 4 breaths for each degree increase in temperature.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Tachypnea
remittent
Irregular

14. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
97.5 to 99.5
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Femoral

15. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
low
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.

16. Side of forehead
thready
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Temporal
Convection

17. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Diaphoresis
hypotension
Biot's respirations

18. Rectal temperature are
shallow or slow breathing
+3
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

19. Whisting sound of air forced past a partial obstruction - as found in asthma or emphysema.
wheeze
+2
30-80
males have higher bp - until menopause then they are the same

20. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
16-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Stroke volume

21. Bend of knee
Tachypnea
hyperoxia
popliteal
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs

22. How is shock caused?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Relapsing
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

23. Both strong and weak beats occur within 1 minute
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
orthostatic hypertension
Irregular
97.5 to 99.5

24. Side of neck
carotid
120/80
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

25. The pressure wave causing te arterial walls in the vascular system each time the heart contracts to force blood into an already full aorta.
Pulse
bradypnea
palpate
dyspnea

26. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Korotkoff sounds
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
Respiration
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

27. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
oximetry
Apical
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

28. Normal body temperature ranges?
97.5 to 99.5
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Rhonchi
Stertor

29. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
absent
Biot's
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
12-20

30. How do you measure the apical pulse?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
carotid

31. How should baby's temperature be taken?
30-80
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Axillary.

32. People most at risk for hypertension
96.5 to 97.5
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

33. How does external respiration occur?
lysis
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
Relapsing
Stroke volume

34. Inside ankle
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Posterior tibial
140-159/90-99
Feeble

35. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
palpate
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
+1
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.

36. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
low
dyspnea
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

37. When is apicial pulse used?
16-20
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Respiration

38. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
higher
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.

39. 3 yr old
Korotkoff sounds
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
20-30
Stroke Volume

40. Low oxygen
Temporal
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
hypoxia
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

41. High oxygen
60 to 70 mL
low
hyperoxia
Biot's

42. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
16-20
shallow or slow breathing
orthostatic hypertension
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

43. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
oximeter
hypoxia
Evaporation
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.

44. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
lysis
apnea
crackles
orthostatic hypertension

45. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Relapsing
+2
Femoral
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl

46. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
intermittent
Pulse pressure
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

47. Weak and may be irregular
thready
Apical
pyrexia
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

48. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
low
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

49. Measurement of oxygen
oximetry
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
shallow or slow breathing
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

50. Full and bounding (even beats wit strong force)
thready
+3
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

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Measuring Vital Signs

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