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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This affects the character of the pulse.
Evaporation
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Systolic pressure
Stroke Volume

2. High oxygen
Convection
Tachypnea
hyperoxia
It will also fall

3. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
Radial

4. Side of wrist
Systolic pressure
Hyperventilation
Eupnea
Radial

5. Blood pressure for any adult should be no higher than
orthostatic hypertension
120/80
Systolic pressure
Kussmaul's respiration

6. Bend of knee
Radial
popliteal
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Stroke volume

7. Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Korotkoff sounds
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

8. Rectal temperature are
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.

9. People most at risk for hypertension
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
bradypnea
60 to 70 mL
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese

10. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Evaporation
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

11. Fever above 100.2 F
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
pyrexia
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

12. What characteristics should be noted when checking the pulse?
Crisis
Korotkoff sounds
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

13. Feel
dyspnea
palpate
60 to 70 mL
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.

14. 3rd stage of fever?
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Tachypnea
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

15. Difference between the apical and radial pulse - this requires two people to count the radial and apicial pulses at the same time to determine whether there is a what?
Biot's
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Pulse

16. Gradual return to a normal temperature
lysis
16-20
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.

17. Stage 1 hypertension
Pulse pressure
140-159/90-99
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature
Stroke Volume

18. When should rectal temperatures be used?
Biot's
Stertor
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

19. State of insufficient oxygen
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
hypoxia
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.

20. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
tachycardia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Irregular

21. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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22. How is pulse best found?
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Radial

23. BP at or lower 90/60.
hypotension
Kussmaul's respiration
Irregular
Evaporation

24. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
Cheyenne-Stokes
12-20
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

25. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Cardiac Output
96.5 to 97.5
30-80

26. Bend of elbow
Brachial
BMR
stridor
the lungs

27. Excessive sweat production
Diaphoresis
the lungs
Systolic pressure
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

28. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
Hypothermia
Pulse pressure
oximeter
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

29. Carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion in the blood until it reaches where?
Core Temperature
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
the lungs
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

30. Risk for prolonged hypertension
low BP
absent
120/80
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes

31. The average temperature in the older adult
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
30-80
96.5 to 97.5

32. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
Diaphoresis
hypoxemia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

33. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
120/80
+2

34. What pulse is checked to determine whether there is any blockage of circulation in the artery up to that point - especially in patients who have had cardiac catherization using the femoral artery for the insertion of the catheter or those who had sur
+1
Pedal pulse
Pulse pressure
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)

35. Obtaining the correct size for a cuff for BP?
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
Diaphoresis
Temporal

36. The temperature falls to normal and then rises again in a repeating pattern.
bradycardia
Relapsing
higher
Posterior tibial

37. Newborn
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
Pulse pressure
30-80
Axillary.

38. Taking axillary temperature
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
stridor

39. Diurnal variation BP?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Korotkoff sounds
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

40. What happens to the blood if overhydration occurs?
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
Femoral

41. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Feeble
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
bradycardia

42. Head injury BP?
carotid
Korotkoff sounds
hypotension
raises BP.

43. Substances tat cause fever
orthostatic hypertension
pyrogens
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Hyperventilation

44. Hearing
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
120/70
ausculatation

45. Heart
60 to 70 mL
Apical
crackles
Crisis

46. Weak and may be irregular
96.5 to 97.5
fever
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
thready

47. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
+1
Eupnea
oximetry

48. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Femoral
Cardiac Output
Biot's

49. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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50. Inside ankle
Evaporation
Biot's respirations
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Posterior tibial

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Measuring Vital Signs

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