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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
left Sims position
tachycardia
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
BMR

2. Gradual return to a normal temperature
Cheyenne-Stokes
97.5 to 99.5
lysis
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing

3. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
dyspnea
remittent

4. Heart
Apical
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
stridor

5. Rectal temperature are
Femoral
Irregular
16-20
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

6. How does menstrual cycle and pregnancy raise the body's temperature?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Irregular
shallow or slow breathing
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

7. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Korotkoff sounds
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
72 bpm
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

8. Elderly respiration
16-20
fever
carotid
Feeble

9. How should respirations be counted?
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Cheyenne-Stokes
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence

10. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
constant
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Respiration

11. When is apicial pulse used?
Conduction
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

12. Fever above 100.2 F
fever
pyrexia
120-139/80-89
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.

13. Average pulse rate for an adult
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
72 bpm
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

14. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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15. Bend of knee
popliteal
Cardiac Output
low
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

16. How is pulse best found?
Hypothermia
Pulse
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

17. How does size affect pulse?
16-20
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.

18. Absence of breathing
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
constant
apnea
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

19. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Rhonchi

20. A normal - relaxed breathing pattern
Eupnea
Relapsing
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Biot's respirations

21. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Diaphoresis
left Sims position
Convection
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left

22. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Eupnea
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Pulse pressure

23. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
16-20
orthostatic hypertension
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
stridor

24. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
Hypothermia
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

25. Taking a rectal temperature
higher
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
16-20
apnea

26. Excessive sweat production
Pedal pulse
tachycardia
Diaphoresis
96.5 to 97.5

27. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
permanent damage to the heart - the brain - the kidneys - and the retina of the eye - may cause strokes
oximeter
intermittent
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.

28. Enviromental temperature BP?
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Respiration
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

29. Feel
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
Hyperventilation
palpate

30. Side of neck
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
Hyperventilation
carotid
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

31. How does increased body temperature increase the pulse?
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
thready
The pulse rate increases at the rate of 7-10 beats for each degree of temperature

32. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
Cardiac Output
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

33. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
intermittent
thready

34. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
Eupnea
Stroke Volume
Evaporation

35. Slow and shallow breathing - leads to hypoxemia.
bradypnea
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Eupnea

36. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
97.5 to 99.5
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
ausculatation

37. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
pyrogens
Cheyenne-Stokes

38. The average temperature in the older adult
Hyperventilation
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Radial
96.5 to 97.5

39. When should rectal temperatures NOT be used?
the lungs
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
60 to 70 mL
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

40. Drop in blood pressure when arising to a standing position.
orthostatic hypertension
Cardiac Output
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
Diaphoresis

41. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.
Respiration
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and

42. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure
Tachypnea
hyperoxia
Pulse pressure
Hyperventilation

43. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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44. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
Evaporation
thready
Tall - slender people mayy ave a slower pulse rate than short - stout persons
arrhythmia

45. Side of forehead
120/70
Temporal
the lungs
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

46. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
stridor
60 to 70 mL
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

47. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
popliteal
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.

48. People most at risk for hypertension
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
men - African Americans - under a lot of stress - obese
low
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.

49. Top of left foot
Cardiac Output
Dorsalis pedis
Pedal pulse
Diastolic pressure

50. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
popliteal
Stroke Volume
hypoxemia
apnea

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Measuring Vital Signs

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