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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Healthly adult
bradypnea
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
12-20

2. Measurement of oxygen
Biot's respirations
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Dorsalis pedis
oximetry

3. Abnormal - nonmusical sound heard on ausculation of the lungs during inspiration; also called rales. Sound like hair rubbed between the fingers next to the ears.
low
crackles
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone

4. Korotkoff sounds Phase I: Tapping
Stroke Volume
Radial
Pulse pressure
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.

5. Elevated temperature
Temporal
Pedal pulse
Body temperature drops before ovulation and rises 1 degree above normal during ovulation. During pregnancy the body temperature is slightly higher.
fever

6. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
120/70
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
Tachypnea
Nursing interventions to reduce fever

7. 2nd stage of fever is?
constant
Apical
Tachypnea
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

8. How does emotional stress raise the body's temperature?
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
The pulse rate gradually diminishes from birth to adulthood
oximetry

9. When the vascular walls lose elasticity - as with arteriosclerosis and aging what happens to BP?
higher
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
the lungs
absent

10. Low oxygen
systolic pressure indicated by faint - clear sound that gradually grow louder.
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
Hyperventilation
hypoxia

11. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Pulse pressure
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
bradycardia

12. By measuring the blood pressure you obtain vital info about what?
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
the blood pressure will rise in order to push the blood along.
Temporal

13. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
+1
popliteal
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
hypoxia

14. Air movemtn causes heat to be transferred from the skin to the air molecules.
Convection
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
120/70
cardiac patients or patients who have had rectal surgery.

15. Side of forehead
Temporal
Biot's
pyrexia
96.5 to 97.5

16. Taking a rectal temperature
Wash hands - don gloves - lubricate probe - Insert .5 to 1.5 inches. Hold in place for 3 to 5 minutes.
Respiration
Posterior tibial
It will also fall

17. What are the 5 vital signs?
tachycardia
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling

18. 3 yr old
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
20-30
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b

19. Those at risk for hypothermia include
Temporal
Brachial
postoperative patients wo have been cooled during surgery - newborn infants whose skin is exposed to cool room temperatures - elderly or debiliated patients - and those exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure

20. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Cardiac Output
Stroke volume
1) ventilation - Which is the movement of air in and out of the lung. 2) dispersion of air throughout the bronchial tree of the lungs; 3) diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules across the alveolar membranes; 4) perfusion - the movement of b
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

21. Symptoms of hypoxia
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia
Biot's

22. The average temperature in the older adult
96.5 to 97.5
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.

23. Lobes in the lungs?
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
low
pyrogens
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients

24. This affects the character of the pulse.
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
Stroke Volume
140-159/90-99

25. Side of wrist
Radial
the rate - the rhythm - and volume
pyrexia
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

26. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Core Temperature
hypoxia
Respiration
arrhythmia

27. Bend of knee
Posterior tibial
Femoral
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
popliteal

28. Taking axillary temperature
hypertension
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
remittent
Crisis

29. Head injury BP?
intermittent
60 to 70 mL
raises BP.
tachycardia

30. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood - often seen in patients wo are under medical sedation - who are recovering from anesthesia or abdominal surgery - or who are in a weak or debiliated condition.
hypoxemia
higher
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds

31. BP at or lower 90/60.
Conduction
hypotension
ausculatation
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

32. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
Systolic pressure
tachycardia
constant
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

33. Weak and regular (even beats wit poor force)
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
It doesn't change in a healthy elderly patient but the pattern rhythm may be slightly irregular.
+1
shallow or slow breathing

34. Macine that measures oxygen in the blood by determining the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen.
arrhythmia
Stertor
intermittent
oximeter

35. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
fever
The systolic blood pressure rises slightly because the arota and major arteries tend to harden with age. The diastolic pressure rises also.
Biot's
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.

36. Average blood pressure should be
+2
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
120/70
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.

37. Crowing sound on inspiration caused by obstruction of the upper air passages - as occurs in croup or laryngitis
When an accurate temperature cant be obtained orally and a tympanic or temporal artery thermometer are not available. It may be used when there is nasal congestion or there has been nasal or oral surgery - the patient is unable to keep their mouth cl
12-20
Pulse pressure
stridor

38. High oxygen
+3
hyperoxia
thready
palpate

39. Rectal temperature are
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem
by placing the flat part of the first fingers against the tendon - or cord - on the thumb inside of the inner wrist and ten rolling the fingers slightly outward into the little trough on the thumb inside the wrist.
oximetry
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures

40. Does the respiration rate increase or decrease during fever?
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
Increases as body tries to remove excess heat
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
hypoxemia

41. Shallow for two or three breaths with a period of variable apnea. occur in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

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42. What affects does aging do to the heart rate?

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43. Fever above 100.2 F
pyrexia
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
30-80
Stroke Volume

44. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
Pedal pulse
raises BP.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

45. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Temporal
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
tachycardia
Korotkoff sounds

46. No pulse palpable or heard on ausculation
It increases to push the blood through more rigid pathways.
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
absent
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

47. What happens when vasodilation occurs?
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
Vascular resistance drops and the blood pressure decreases
lysis
Feeble

48. Continuous dry - rattling sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs caused by partial obstruction.
bradypnea
hemorrhage - vomiting - diarrhea - burns - and myocardial infarctions.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Rhonchi

49. A high temperature falls - usually in the morning - and again rises later in the day. The temperature never fails to normal in this type of fever until recovery occurs.
60 to 70 mL
Sinoatrial node (SA NODE)
remittent
dehydration - delirium - and convulsons may occur. Dehydration will occur because of lost with perspiration and more rapid breathing. Delirium and convulsions may occur because neurologic function is affected when the temperature in the brain rises.

50. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
72 bpm
12-20
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.