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Measuring Vital Signs

Subjects : health-sciences, emergency-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Healthly adult
12-20
Temperature will remain below 102 degrees with use of hypothermia blanket
Nursing interventions to reduce fever
bradypnea

2. If blood becomes thicker - like when excessive blood cells are manufactured what happens to BP?
higher
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.

3. How do emotions increase the pulse rate?
Pulse
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.

4. High oxygen
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
pyrexia
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures
hyperoxia

5. Inside ankle
Onset - which may occur gradually or suddenly. the body responds to a pyrogen by trying to conserve and manufacture heat to raise the set point for core temperature. The person will feel cold - and will add clothes or covers - curl up in a ball - and
Posterior tibial
intermittent
120/80

6. Enviromental temperature BP?
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
if its hot bp can lower because of vasodilation. if its cold it can rise because of vasoconstriction.
Conduction
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

7. right arm vs. left arm/ arm vs. leg BP?
60 to 70 mL
tachycardia
pulse deficit - the radial pulse subtracted from the apical pulse equals the pulse deficit.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.

8. How does physical exercise raise the body's temperature?
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
bradycardia
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
hyperoxia

9. Are infants blood pressure low or high?
low
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
+2
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

10. Pulse lower than 60 beats per minute
20-30
bradycardia
Temporal
Tachypnea

11. Irregular pulse - a period of normal rhythm broken by periods of irregularity or skipped beats.
wheeze
Systolic pressure
arrhythmia
Febrile stage - the body temperature rises to a new set point established by the hypothalamus and remains there until there is a resolution to the cause of fever.

12. Stage 2 hypertension
^160/^100
Systolic pressure
Apical
about 1 degree lower than oral temperatures

13. Bend of knee
Relapsing
popliteal
Posterior tibial
20-30

14. What patients should not use a glass thermometer orally?
Defervescence - lowering of the body temperature to normal. The person feels warm and the skin may be moist.
Hyperthermia related to infection or excessive heat exposure
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
uncooperative patient - children - combative patients - dementia

15. How does disease increase the body's temperature?
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.
Diaphoresis
left Sims position

16. Gas exchange in the blood occurs where?
in the alveoli - tiny thin-walled sacs
Apical
hypotension
Rhonchi

17. Lobes in the lungs?
Diaphoresis
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
dyspnea
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

18. The temperature is continuously elevated with less than 1 degree of variation within a 24-hour period.
30-80
constant
place the thermometer in the center of the patients dry axilla. Ask patient to hold the arm tightly against the chest. Leave in place 3-8 minutes.
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking

19. BP at or lower 90/60.
^160/^100
hypotension
Convection
Stroke volume

20. Pulse above 100 beats per minute
Stimulants increase the pulse rate. Depressants decrease the pulse rate.
blood pressure is lowest in the morning. and higher in the afternoone
tachycardia
Axillary.

21. Louder knocking sound that occurs wit each heartbeat
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.
Rhonchi
Korotkoff sounds Phase III: Knocking
Convection

22. Head injury BP?
hypoxemia
20-30
raises BP.
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

23. Absence of breathing
when it is difficult to find or to count the radial pulse - or for patients with heart conditions for one full minute by placing stethoscope on the heart to count for a full minute.
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels
apnea
Acute anxiety stimulate the nervous system - raising the pulse.

24. How does the time of day (circadian rhythm) affect the body's temperature?

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25. Breathing is an involuntary automatic function controlled by the respiratory center located where?
Convection
stridor
12-20
Pons and Medulla of the brainstem

26. Fast - deep respirations with abrupt pauses

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27. Barely palpable
The emotions increase hormone secretion - and the body activities required for this increase heat production.
Because fever is a protective defense mechanisms that the body uses to fight pathogens and their toxins the inflammatory response produces fevers.
Feeble
intermittent

28. What affects does aging do to the respiratory rate?
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
Rhonchi
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
pyrogens

29. respirations become faster and deeper - then slower and shallower wit a period of apnea - called the death rattle.
oximetry
Cheyenne-Stokes
dyspnea
Stertor

30. Side of forehead
Biot's respirations
Temporal
It will also fall
the proper cuff is 21% bigger than the diameter of the arm. the inflatable bladder should go around 3/4 of the arm.

31. When the heart contracts How many mLs of blood is propelled into the aorta?
restlessness & apprehension - confusion - dizziness - and change in level of consciousness - cyanosis or skin color changes - particularly around the mouth and in the nail beds
hypoxia
60 to 70 mL
determine if the patient has a known heart arrhythmia - perform hand hygiene - expose the left chest - warm the stethoscope in hand for a min or 2 - locate the apex of the heart by palpating for the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. li

32. Subnormal body temperature the regulating center in the hypothalamus is greatly impaired when the temperature of the body falls below 94 degrees - at that point? sleepiness and coma are apt to develop.
120/70
Hypothermia
Tachypnea
Temporal

33. Elderly respiration
shallow or slow breathing
16-20
the BP goes up because more pressure is needed to push the thicker fluid through the vascular system.
12-20

34. A pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is expelled - causing te blood level of carbon dioxide to fall. this condition is seen after sever exertion - during high levels of anxiety o
The body's temperature in the morning is usually low from inactivity of the muscles. The afternooon body temperature may be high-normal because of the body's metabolic processes - the patient's activity - and the temperature of the environment.
variation of about 5-10 between arms. and a 10-40 difference in systolic pressure with leg & arm.
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.
Hyperventilation

35. Murmur or swishing sounds that increase as the cuff is deflated
Posterior tibial
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
Korotkoff sounds Phase II Swishing
Biot's respirations

36. Why would patients experience orthostatic hypotenstion?
about 1 degree higher than oral temperatures
hypertension
from drug therapy - a neurologic problem or dehydration.
popliteal

37. Alternating rise and fall of the temperature.
16-20
intermittent
oximetry
arrhythmia

38. Side of neck
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
dyspnea
96.5 to 97.5
carotid

39. The pulse rate multiplied by the stroke volume. This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute. Averaging at about 5mL per minute.
Pulse pressure
higher
dyspnea
Cardiac Output

40. Whats the best position to take a rectal temperature?
left Sims position
Crisis
apnea
hypoxia

41. When warm skin touches a cool object - heat is lost to the object.
Conduction
16-20
It uses large muscles in the body - which create body heat by burning up the glucose and fat in the tissues - muscle action generates heat and core temperature rises.
30-80

42. Head injury or any increased intracranial pressure will depress the respiratory center and result in?
Respiration
Hypothermia
Korotkoff sounds Phase V: Silence
shallow or slow breathing

43. Strong and regular ( even beats wit moderate force)
+2
Korotkoff sounds Phase IV: Muffling
oximetry
Stertor

44. Korotkoff sounds Ausculatatory gap:
silence as cuff deflates for 30 to 40 mm Hg; common with hypertension and elderly patients
20-30
hypoxia
the effectiveness of the heart contractions - the amount of blood in the system - and the presence of any obstruction or interference of blood to the blood vessels

45. The lower pressure exerted on the artery when the heart is at rest inbetween contractions.
Cardiac Output
the lungs
120/80
Diastolic pressure

46. Feel
Respiration
Diaphoresis
palpate
bradypnea

47. Elevated temperature
bradycardia
It may rise slightly as decreases in vital capacity and respiratory reserve occur.
fever
oximeter

48. What should you do if you cannot determine BP by ausculation?
Blood pressure increases because there is more volume of blood in the vascular system.
oximetry
the palpation method is used. put cuff over arm - feel the radial point to get the systolic pressure you cant get the diastolic this way.
30 seconds and multiplied by 2. unless the person is very sick or has resp. problems you should count for one full minute.

49. Shock - hemorrhage - low cardiac output - inadequate volume of blood?
Pulse
Conduction
low BP
the rate - the rhythm - and volume

50. If the cardiac output falls what will happen to the BP?
It will also fall
hypoxia
3 in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left
temperature - pulse - respiration - blood pressure - and pain level.