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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Meningococci
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

2. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
HEV
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Pasteurella multocida
spiral - spirochete

3. What does neg PPD indicated
Louis Pasteur
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

4. pediatric infxn
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
prokaryotes
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
H flu

5. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Cryptococcus neoformans
Serratia marcescens
acid- fast - color

6. Protein synthesis
Clostridium botulinum
Crohns or appendicitis
ribosomes - function
Spikes

7. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
chromosome - function
mycoplasma (5) - description
M. pneumoniae

8. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Mycoplasma - have sterols
lysozyme

9. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
bacteria domain
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

10. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
specific
Rubella
malaria
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

11. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Mice - deer
humans do not have
infection process of animal viruses (6)

12. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

13. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Rubella
Sacral ganglia

14. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Candida and aspergillus
Reassortment

15. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
gram- positive cell wall
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid

16. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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17. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
histoplasmosis
peptidoglycan - definition
Guillain barre
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease

18. What is the TX for sporthrix
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

19. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Elevated CRP and ESR
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia

20. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Pox - complex
penetration (B)

21. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Koch's Postulates 4
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Mononuclear cells

22. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
replication for eukaryotes
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Candida and aspergillus
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

23. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
differential staining example
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Rabies

24. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
plant kingdom
Streptococcus - staphylococus
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI

25. Ability to move via flagella
DNA hepadnavirus
motility of bacteria
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

26. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
EBV
Pseudomonas
Palivizumab
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

27. Which males have UTIs
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Parvo - single stranded
gram stain - definition
cell membrane - function

28. What is HBcAg
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
C. diptheriae
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

29. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Salmonella
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Severe pneumonia

30. variola - lots of spots
R. prowazekii
Superantigen
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

31. May carry genes for antibiotic resistance - toxin production - synthesis of enzymes
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
plasmid - function
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

32. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
replication (AV)
IVDU
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Envelope proteins

33. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
release (AV)
Theory of Biogenesis
Doxycycline

34. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
importance of microorganisms
Haematobium - bladder
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

35. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

36. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
cilia - function

37. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
motility of bacteria
HBV
algae characteristics (3)

38. What happens in tertiary syphillis
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
E. coli - proteus
red tide

39. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Killed viral vaccine
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
HIV - malnutrition - death

40. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Cell Theory
what envelope contains
Toxoplasmosis

41. What does HBsAg indicate
Doxycycline
peptidoglycan - definition
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

42. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Dipoid RNA
aerobic
S. aureus
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

43. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
lysis
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
envelope is composed of...
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

44. What feature is unique to shigella
genus
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR

45. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
release (B)
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever

46. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
double- stranded RNA
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Cyanophora paradoxa

47. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
cell membrane - definition
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
replication (B)
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

48. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
nucleic acid
rickettsia
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

49. asplenic pt
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
helical shape - definition

50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
fungal infection examples (3)
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Yersinia pestis
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide