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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Brucella sp
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
germination
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
2. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
pili - function
bacillus
coccus
3. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Clonorchis sinensis
4. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
Staph or enteric GNR
10 to 12
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
5. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
taxonomic hierarchy
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
mycoplasma (5) - description
6. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Palivizumab
M. tuberculosis
rough ER
7. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Schistosoma mansori
flagella - description
Crohns or appendicitis
8. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Muramic acid
Does not ferment sorbitol
Cyanophora paradoxa
Group B strep
9. Thrush
oral yeast infections =
Killed/inactivated
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
10. bilateral bells palsy
Borrelia burgdorferi
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
replication (AV)
11. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Cryptococcus neoformans
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Paracoccidioidomycosis
12. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
HHV-6 roseola
three domains of microorganisms
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
13. Will show special structures
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Brucella sp
special staining of bacteria
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
14. 25 celsius
how many degrees celsius for mold?
red tide
Unimmunised kids
100 micrometers
15. What is the TX for chlamydia
Lymph nodes
Azithromycin
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
16. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission
17. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
B. cereus
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
animal kingdom
18. How is legionella detected clinically
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Antigen in urine
genus
19. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
No envelope
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Parvo - single stranded
20. No metabolic activity
Children
Clostridium perfringens
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
dormant
21. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Entamoeba hisotlytica
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Silver stain
22. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Cryptosporidium
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
23. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
24. Are there carriers for HDV
Yes
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
25. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
spontaneous generation
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
26. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
giardia
tetanus
C. perfringens
S. aureus
27. What is HBeAg
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Treponema
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
28. Histoplasmosis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
red tide
antibiotics
pasteurization
29. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
protista kingdom
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Candida
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
30. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Lower lobe
Actic polymerization
Genetic shift - pandemic
malaria prevention
31. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Group B strep - E. coli
CMV - RSV
specific
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
32. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
C. diptheriae
Tetracycline or erythromycin
33. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Pasteurella multocida
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Protein A - S. aureus
Salmonella
34. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
35. rubeola - lots of spots
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Paramyxovirus; measles
glycocalyx - description
Genetic shift - pandemic
36. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
what envelope contains
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
37. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
not acid- fast - colo
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
John Needham
38. What does norwalk virus do
cytoplasm - definition
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Viral gastroenteritis
39. What bug produces a red pigment
Serratia
Salmonella typhi
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Nematode in undercooked meat
40. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
what envelope contains
Nematode in undercooked meat
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
41. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
candidiasis
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
plasmolysis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
42. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
chromosome - function
Bordetella pertussis
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
43. What does rubeloa virus cause
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Borrelia burgdorferi
Salmonella
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
44. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
IVDU
Endosymbiotic Theory
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
45. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
Mycoplasma
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
spiral
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
46. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
specific
Bacterial superinfection
47. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
giardia
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Antigen associated with core of HBV
48. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
arrangements - diplo
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
49. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
halophiles
Koch's Postulates 1
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
50. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
10%; viral
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Toxplasmosis