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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Campylocobacter jejuni
CMV retinitis
chromosome - function
Pen
2. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Pseudomonas
germination
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
3. What are the markers of Hep immunity
genus
CMV
Anti - HBsAb
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
4. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Vulvuvaginitis
fungal infection examples (3)
Salmonella
5. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
taxonomic hierarchy
special staining of bacteria
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
6. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Robert Hooke
chloroplasts - function
Pets - treat with topical azoles
7. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Sporothrix schenckii
envelope is composed of...
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
8. In who does HEV have high mortality
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
M. tuberculosis
HHV-6 roseola
Pregnant women
9. Clusters
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
arrangements - staphylo
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Immediately upon exposure
10. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Gallbladder
oxygen requirements of bacteria
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Superantigen
11. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
12. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Salpingitis
C. perfringens
Rapid cell division
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
13. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
HHV-6 roseola
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
14. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
HHV-8 - KS
Yeast - protazoan
15. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
giardia
Cholesterol
Pseudomonas
plasmid - definition
16. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
fimbriae - function
Many treponemas
Envelope proteins
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
17. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
uncoating (AV)
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
envelope is composed of...
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
18. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
C. diptheriae
19. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
gram stain - definition
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Francesco Redi
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
20. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Bacterial superinfection
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
H flu type B
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
21. What organisms stain with PAS
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22. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Capsid protein
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Parvo - single stranded
H flu type B
23. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Cryptococcus neoformans
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
24. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
double- stranded RNA
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Oral and esophageal thrush
25. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Bacterial superinfection
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
26. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Toxo crosses the placenta
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
27. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
envelope is composed of...
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
fungal infection examples (3)
28. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
fungal infection examples (3)
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Borrelia burgdorferi
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
29. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Shigella
complex virus example
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
30. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Staph saprophyticus
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
31. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Staph or enteric GNR
Lepromatous
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
32. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Cmv
33. Mild respiratory infection
Cigar shaped yeast
double- stranded DNA
double- stranded RNA
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
34. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Actic polymerization
spiral - spirochete
Paracoccidioidomycosis
35. Pink
gram- negative stain - color
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Enterobius
R. typhi
36. What is HBeAg
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Schistosoma haematobium
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
37. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
malaria
Recombination
38. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Candida albicans
Pseudomonas
Yersinia enterocolitica
Superantigen
39. variola - lots of spots
Actinomyces isreallii
yeast
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
40. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Dipicolinic acid
prokaryotes
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
41. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Gardnerella vaginalis
virus example
HHV 6 - roseola
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
42. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
penetration (AV)
E. coli
43. What is legionnaires disease
Protein A - S. aureus
Severe pneumonia
archaea domain
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
44. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
E. coli
E. coli 0157:H7
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
45. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
chemical synthesis...
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
adsorption (B)
spiral - spirillum
46. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
flagella - description
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
protozoa (3)
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
47. Pairs
arrangements - diplo
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
envelope is composed of...
48. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
chemical synthesis...
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Bacteria - STD
flagella - description
49. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Tetracycline or erythromycin
osmotic lysis
arrangements of bacteria
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
50. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Histoplasmosis