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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mycotoxin
ribosomes - function
Rifampin
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Candida albicans
2. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Mononuclear cells
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
3. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
Antigen in urine
C. diff
Serratia
smooth ER
4. Rodent viruses (not very common)
protista kingdom
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
single- stranded DNA
5. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Louis Pasteur - experiment
6. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
trichomoniasis symptoms
Acute/recent infection
release (B)
Mucor or rhizopus
7. Which males have UTIs
spiral - spirillum
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Resistant
8. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
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9. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
cell wall - function
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
10. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Bacterial superinfection
algology
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Diphyllobothrium latum
11. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Bartonella henselae
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
M. kansasii
12. rubeola - lots of spots
Paramyxovirus; measles
Shigella
Toxo crosses the placenta
HEV
13. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
chromosome - function
S. aureus
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
14. Will show the difference between two things
Pseudomonas
malaria
differential staining of bacteria
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
15. Where do CMV cells remain latent
dormant
Mononuclear cells
glycocalyx - description
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
16. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Dipoid RNA
10 to 12
Genetic drift - epidemic
17. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
humans do not have
Measles
Serratia
red algae make
18. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Transformation or competence
19. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
20. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
21. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
22. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
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23. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Protein A - S. aureus
HSV-2 - genital herpes
24. health care provider
Crohns or appendicitis
HBV from needle stick
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
flagella - function
25. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
cell membrane - definition
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Pregnant women
yeast
26. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
single- stranded DNA
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
specific
27. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
28. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
oxygen requirements of bacteria
actinomycetes (3) - description
Gonococci
29. What bugs are urease pos
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Neuraminidase
D- K
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
30. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Rubella german measles
Silver stain
31. What are prion disease caused by
E. coli - proteus
Doxycycline
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Staph make it - strep don't
32. yeast - molds - mushrooms
malaria symptoms
fungi kingdom
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
33. Apiration PNA - orgs
Anaerobes
Actinomyces and nocardia
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
gram stain - definition
34. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Enteroinvasive E. coli
35. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
importance of microorganisms
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
polyhedral shape - defintion
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
36. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Francesco Redi - experiment
C tetani
37. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
virus example
arrangements of bacteria
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
38. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
fungi kingdom
Neuraminidase
Rickettsia rickettsii
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
39. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Owl's eye inculsions
40. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
gram stain - definition
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
41. What is legionnaires disease
Severe pneumonia
Klebsiella
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Coagulation cascade - DIC
42. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
three domains of microorganisms
chromosome - description
Starts quickly and ends quickly
43. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
H. flu
Rubella german measles
Klebsiella granulomatis
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
44. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Rubella
protista kingdom
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Actinomyces
45. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
S. aureus
Rose gardner's
<30 - military - prisons
46. What does listeria infection cause
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Rapid cell division
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
47. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
molds
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
48. Are there carriers for HDV
Salmonella typhi
spiral - vibrio
food industry
Yes
49. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
C. diff
specialized flagella
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
50. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
interferon
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Echinococcus granulosus