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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. pediatric infxn
H flu
Staph or enteric GNR
C. perfringens
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)

2. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
medical important mycobacteria
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Klebsiella
gram stain - definition

3. What does group B strep cause
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
gram- positive stain - explanation
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Histoplasmosis

4. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Specialized transduction - an excision event
fungi kingdom

5. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
nucleus
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Francesco Redi

6. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Louis Pasteur
Koch's Postulates 4
Oral and esophageal thrush
M. pneumoniae

7. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

8. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
D- K
60%; viruses
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

9. Prevents contraction of muscles
flaccid paralysis
Does not ferment sorbitol
spiral - spirillum
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

10. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Legionella

11. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
spiral - spirochete
germination
cytoplasm - definition
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)

12. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
osmotic lysis
EBV
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

13. Study of protozoans
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
protozoology
HDV
Koch's Postulates 4

14. What does meningococci cause
eukaryotes
R. prowazekii
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

15. perianal pruritis - parasite
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Type B protease IgA
Enterobius
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

16. Svedberg units
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
gram- negative stain - explanation
S - definition
HIV - sexual

17. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
CMV - RSV
Avain resevoir
gram stain - definition
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

18. Which are the naked viruses
M. tuberculosis
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

19. What does rhinovirus do
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Neuraminidase
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Common cold

20. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone

21. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
arrangements - diplo
virus example
Mycoplasma
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

22. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
chlamydia
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
necrosis

23. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
special staining of bacteria
Cell Theory
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Bacillus anthracis

24. How does urinary tract infection present
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Toxplasmosis
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine

25. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
production of beer and wine
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
bacteriology

26. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
cytoplasm - definition
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

27. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
food industry
single- stranded RNA
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

28. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
Cholesterol
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma

29. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Influenza virus

30. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Klebsiella pneumo
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
C. diptheriae
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

31. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
algology
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

32. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
penetration (B)
candidiasis

33. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Entertoxigenic E. coli
chlamydia
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

34. What are the gram pos bacilli
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
adsorption (B)
Negative

35. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
release (B)
facultative

36. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Resistant
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton

37. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
Antigen in urine
special staining of bacteria
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb

38. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Campylobacter
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
EBV

39. What does polyomavirus cause
microaerophilic
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
simple staining of bacteria

40. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
No cell wall
Antigen in vaccines
Yersinia enterocolitica

41. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
60%; viruses
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

42. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
myc/myo means
Neuraminidase

43. Related to a fungus
eukarya domain
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
myc/myo means

44. What animals carry rabies virus
malaria prevention
Schistosoma haematobium
Bat - racoon - skunk
Gambiense - rhodesiense

45. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Teichoic acid

46. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
taxonomic hierarchy
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
adsorption (B)
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

47. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Trigeminal ganglia
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
polyhedral shape - defintion
gram- positive stain - explanation

48. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

49. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
VZV - chickenpox
Pasteurella multocida

50. What is the Ghon complex
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
flagella - function
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

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