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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
tetanus
single- stranded RNA
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
2. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
Legionella
D- K
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
3. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Viral gastroenteritis
Francisella tularenis
When nutriets are limited
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
4. variola - lots of spots
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
malaria prevention
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
5. Protein synthesis
Pneumoniae and psittaci
ribosomes - function
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
6. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
histoplasmosis
CMV - RSV
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
7. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
HIV - sexual
ribosomes - function
Mycobacterium
fungal infection examples (3)
8. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
C. perfringens
Rapid cell division
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
HHV 6 - roseola
9. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Streptococcus - staphylococus
uncoating (AV)
Palivizumab
10. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Pneumoniae and psittaci
11. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
Koch's Postulates 4
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Yeast - protazoan
Cholesterol
12. asplenic pt
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Elevated CRP and ESR
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
13. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Staph or H. flu
Bacillus anthracis
replication (B)
monera kingdom
14. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
trichomoniasis symptoms
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
15. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Beta hemolytic
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
16. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
nucleic acid
archaea domain
cilia
Plasmodium
17. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
chromosome - description
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
18. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
19. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
HBV from needle stick
Cyanophora paradoxa
Mice - deer
Histoplasmosis
20. Allgin and carrageenan
B cells
Measles
food thickeners
bacteriophage - definition
21. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
100 micrometers
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
22. ____ do no treat viral infections
antibiotics
Protozoan - STD
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
23. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
24. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
25. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Transformation or competence
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
golgi complex - function
D- K
26. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
endospores are resistant to (4)
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
protozoa (3)
27. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
mycolic acid - definition
golgi complex - function
necrosis
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
28. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Transformation or competence
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
29. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
arrangements - staphylo
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
30. What does rhinovirus do
Common cold
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
fermentation - definition
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
31. Mycotoxin
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
32. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Trigeminal ganglia
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Rose gardner's
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
33. Which males have UTIs
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
34. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
histoplasmosis
Sacral ganglia
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
HBC - hepatitis B
35. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Silver stain
cytoplasm - definition
Serratia marcescens
36. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
Motility - protein
HEV
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
37. 1 - 10 micrometers
Cyanophora paradoxa
C. perfringens
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
prokaryotes
38. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
five kingdoms of microorganisms
100 micrometers
Serratia marcescens
39. Prokaryotes
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
medical important mycobacteria
bacteria domain
40. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Spikes
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
what many pathogenic fungi are
lipids (fats) =
41. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
differential staining example
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Bordetella pertussis
42. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
H flu type B
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
43. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
antibiotics
M. avium intracellulare
monera kingdom
When nutriets are limited
44. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Paramyxovirus; measles
mitochondria - function
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Strep pneumo and viridans
45. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Beta hemolytic
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
chromosomes in nucleus are...
46. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Francisella tularenis
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
47. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Unimmunised kids
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Lymph nodes
48. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Motility - protein
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
facultative
49. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Antigen in urine
50. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
Lazzaro Spallanzani
ABC
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
virus example