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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Mycoplasma - have sterols
histoplasmosis
Toxplasmosis

2. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Only borrelia
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

3. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
N. gono causing gono
lipids (fats) =
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

4. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
S. aureus
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

5. Rod- shaped
bacillus
Severe bacteremia - death
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

6. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
cilia
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.

7. What does listeria infection cause
protozoan infections (5)
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Type B protease IgA
Anti - HAVAb IgM

8. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Recombination
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

9. meningitis in >60
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
botulism
importance of microorganisms

10. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Bartonella henselae
Borrelia burgdorferi

11. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Entamoeba histolytica
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

12. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
lysis
Elevated CRP and ESR
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

13. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
R. typhi
Rose gardner's
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Superantigen

14. What does M protein do - who has it
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep

15. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
PHV
Vagina
endospores
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

16. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Pregnant women
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

17. What is the main complication of mumps
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Sterility
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Teichoic acid

18. 10 - 100 micrometers
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
eukaryotes
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

19. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

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20. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Klebsiella pneumo
Nocardia asteroides
golgi complex - function

21. What virus is in the deltavirus family
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
HDV
capsid is composed of...
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

22. Paramecium
spiral - vibrio
Serratia marcescens
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
cilia

23. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
yeast
amoebic dynsentry
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

24. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Actinomyces isreallii
HHV-8 - KS
bacteriology

25. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Schistosoma mansori
Does not ferment sorbitol

26. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
endospores - definition
flagella - description
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Nocardia asteroides

27. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Mononuclear cells
Bartonella henselae

28. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
flagella
Antigen in vaccines
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

29. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
rough ER
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
When nutriets are limited
Metronidazole

30. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
peptidoglycan - definition
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV

31. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
ASO titer
M. tuberculosis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

32. What does HBsAg indicate
Sterility
lysozyme
double- stranded RNA
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

33. pos PAS stain

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34. What are the symptoms of mumps
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Mononuclear cells
Campylocobacter jejuni

35. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
medical important mycobacteria
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Unimmunised kids
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)

36. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Robert Hooke
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Streptococcus mutans

37. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
protozoa (3)
specialized flagella
E. coli - proteus
E. Coli

38. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
<30 - military - prisons
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Mycobacterium

39. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
capsid - definition
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
bacteriophage - definition
Rabies

40. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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41. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)

42. fungal infection in diabetic
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Cryptococcus neoformans
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Mucor or rhizopus

43. What does gonococi cause
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
assembly (AV)
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

44. What is endotoxin
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Superantigen
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

45. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Campylobacter
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
protozoology
Endosymbiotic Theory

46. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

47. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
chlamydia
capsid - function
capsid - definition

48. Which nematodes are ingested
C. perfringens
rickettsia
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

49. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
species
CMV retinitis
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart

50. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
EBV
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Yes
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

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