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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 25 celsius
differential staining of bacteria
Clonorchis sinensis
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
how many degrees celsius for mold?
2. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Parvo - single stranded
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Acid fast organisms
3. pediatric infxn
H flu
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Bat - racoon - skunk
spiral - vibrio
4. What does parvovirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Beta hemolytic
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
5. How do you treat lyme disease
icosahedron
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
6. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
pseudopodia
single- stranded RNA
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
7. Chemical synthesis and food industry
commercial applications
Cyanophora paradoxa
microbiology
Bat - racoon - skunk
8. Where do CMV cells remain latent
C. perfringens
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Mononuclear cells
9. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
oral yeast infections =
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
10. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
endospores are formed via
Clonorchis sinensis
No envelope
11. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host
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12. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Ring enhancing brain lesions
John Needham
13. Blue
not acid- fast - colo
Yersinia pestis
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Common cold
14. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Legionella
Killed viral vaccine
replication (B)
15. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
capsid is composed of...
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Superantigen
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
16. Where do EBV cells remain latent
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Tetracycline or erythromycin
B cells
Doxycycline
17. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Metronidazole
single- stranded DNA
Superantigen
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
18. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
S. epidermidis
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Double zone of hemolysis
19. Study of viruses
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
virology
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
20. What feature is unique to shigella
genus
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
All except coxiella are via arthropod
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
21. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
22. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Salmonella
glycocalyx - description
complex virus example
23. What is the TX for h pylori
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
how do viruses take over a host cell?
24. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Dark field microscopy
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Meningococci
M. tuberculosis
25. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Lower lobe
Protozoan - STD
rickettsia
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
26. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Entamoeba hisotlytica
red tide
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
animal kingdom
27. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Parvo - single stranded
28. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
C. diptheriae
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
chromosome - description
C. diff
29. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Lactose fermenting enterics
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
30. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
osmotic pressure
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
31. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
Echinococcus granulosus
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
32. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Meningococci
M. kansasii
Cryptosporidium
33. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
HBV from needle stick
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
cytoplasm - definition
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
34. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Between 2 and 18 months
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
envelope - definition
35. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
E. Coli
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Beta hemolytic
36. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
HDV
S. aureus
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
37. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
aerobic
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
fungal infection examples (3)
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
38. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
species
S. epidermidis
eukaryotic organelles (5)
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
39. chronic granulomatous disease
JC virus causing PML
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
40. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
cell wall - function
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Crohns or appendicitis
41. What is the resevoir of salmonella
spiral - spirochete
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
42. What does poxvirus cause
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43. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Endosymbiotic Theory
Group B strep
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Louis Pasteur
44. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
H. pylori
mycoplasma (5) - description
double- stranded DNA
45. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
replication (AV)
46. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Crohns or appendicitis
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
specific
47. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
uncoating (AV)
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
48. What organisms stain with silver stain
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Does not ferment sorbitol
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
HIV - sexual
49. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Lactose fermenting enterics
50. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
Toxo crosses the placenta
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
adsorption (AV)