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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
2. Blue
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
malaria
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
not acid- fast - colo
3. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Epiglottitis H flu type B
4. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
C. perfringens
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Coagulation cascade - DIC
5. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
S. aureus
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Measles
6. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
five kingdoms of microorganisms
HIV - malnutrition - death
Endosymbiotic Theory
7. PNA in CF
Pseudomonas
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
specialized flagella
8. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
chromosome - description
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
9. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
gram- negative cell wall
N. gono causing gono
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
10. hemoptysis - parasite
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Paragonimus westermani
Aerosal - from environmental water source
11. Pink
Serratia marcescens
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
gram- negative stain - color
12. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
Bat - racoon - skunk
Weil Felix test
Chlamydia trachomatis
13. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
14. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
anaerobic
Doxycycline
Motility - protein
trichomoniasis...
15. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
100 micrometers
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Ancylostoma - necator
Legionella
16. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Robert Hooke
capsid is composed of...
oral yeast infections =
17. When is the AIDS dx made
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Between 2 and 18 months
lipids (fats) =
18. What is Anti - HBeAg
eukaryotes
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
E. coli - proteus
Many treponemas
19. Comma- shaped
spiral - vibrio
All of them
Toxoid vaccine
importance of microorganisms
20. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
glycocalyx - description
Aseptic meningitis
aerobic
21. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
E. Coli
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
archaea domain
22. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Does not ferment sorbitol
virus example
methanogens
23. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Transformation or competence
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Toxo crosses the placenta
interferon
24. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Endosymbiotic Theory
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
25. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Actinomyces
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
chlamydia
26. Study of viruses
virology
chemical synthesis...
Acute/recent infection
five fields of microbiology
27. What is the nl flora on the skin
S. epidermidis
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
C. diff
Mucor or rhizopus
28. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Cryptosporidium
mycology
Protozoan - STD
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
29. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Parvoviridae
30. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Mycoplasma
John Needham - experiment
31. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
fermentation - definition
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
32. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
single- stranded RNA
Rapid cell division
Prompt oral rehydration
33. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
M. avium intracellulare
34. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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35. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Killed viral vaccine
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
gram- positive cell wall
36. Pink
S. epidermidis
Common cold and SARS
acid- fast - color
10%; viral
37. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
Lazzaro Spallanzani
envelope is composed of...
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
38. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
mycoplasma (5) - description
Candida and aspergillus
Salmonella
Rubella german measles
39. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever
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40. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Resistant
41. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
characteristics of bacteria (5)
<30 - military - prisons
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
42. What are VRE and What do they cause
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Actinomyces
S - definition
arrangements - staphylo
43. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
protozoa (3)
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Campylobacter
VZV - chickenpox
44. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
Negative
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
IgG Anti - HBcAg
45. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Staph make it - strep don't
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
capsid - definition
46. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
germination
arrangements - strepto...
47. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Rifampin
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
M. tuberculosis
48. Size - cell structure - replication
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
fungi kingdom
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
D- K
49. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Group B strep
pasteurization
50. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
eukaryotes
Lazzaro Spallanzani