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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
flagella - function
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

2. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Viral gastroenteritis
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Starts quickly and ends quickly

3. What is the H flu vaccine
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
D- K
malaria symptoms
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

4. How does TSST work
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum

5. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
tetanus

6. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

7. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Bacterial superinfection
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Pneumoniae and psittaci

8. What is the TX for sporthrix
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Rubella
uncoating (AV)
Louis Pasteur

9. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Sporothrix schenckii

10. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
S. aureus
microaerophilic
Campylobacter
histoplasmosis

11. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Silver stain
cilia - function

12. Will show special structures
algae characteristics (3)
Cryptosporidium
HCV
special staining of bacteria

13. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Bacterial superinfection
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
CMV

14. What does poxvirus cause

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15. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Reoviridae - rotavirus
amoebic dynsentry
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Lymph nodes

16. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

17. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Surfers in the tropics
Chronic disease - positive during window period
structures of prokaryotic cell
protozoa (3)

18. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Staph saprophyticus
Francisella tularenis

19. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
five fields of microbiology
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
virus example

20. Thrush
Killed viral vaccine
N. gono causing gono
chromosome - description
oral yeast infections =

21. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
E. coli
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Yersinia enterocolitica
Rubella german measles

22. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Only humoral - stable
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

23. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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24. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

25. Help bacteria to attach to one another
mitochondria - function
release (AV)
pili - function
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

26. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Group B strep - E. coli
Neisseria

27. How do you treat lyme disease
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Negative
Clostridium botulinum
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe

28. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
cytoplasm - definition
Actinomyces and nocardia
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Virbrio cholera

29. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
adsorption (B)
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

30. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Yersinia enterocolitica
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Metronidazole
Bartonella sp

31. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Legionella
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Vagina
mycoplasma (5) - description

32. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Robert Hooke

33. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Lepromatous
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Group B strep

34. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Elevated CRP and ESR

35. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
importance of microorganisms
plasmolysis
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

36. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Candida
L1 - L2 - L3
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Campylobacter

37. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
motility of bacteria
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
H flu

38. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
cytoplasm - definition
Protein A - S. aureus
Capsid protein
Pseudomonas

39. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
3 groups in archaea
Actinomyces

40. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
viral shapes
Nucleus - except parvovirus
specialized flagella
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies

41. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
medical important mycobacteria
Measles rubeola - measles
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

42. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
structures of prokaryotic cell
replication (AV)
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

43. Pairs
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
arrangements - diplo
ribosomes - function
Treponema

44. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
HHV-8 - KS
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

45. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
H. flu
Actinomyces and nocardia

46. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
3 groups in archaea
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

47. Virus is engulfed by host cell
envelope is composed of...
E. Coli
endocytosis...
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

48. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Gonococci
Schistosoma haematobium
Superantigen
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

49. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
Nematode in undercooked meat
fungi
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
<30 - military - prisons

50. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Mycobacterium
Dipoid RNA
fungi