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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How do bacterial capsules function
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
assembly (B)
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
2. How are rickettsiae transmitted
All except coxiella are via arthropod
chromosome - function
Neuraminidase
Immediately upon exposure
3. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Klebsiella
Viridans group streptococci
spiral - spirillum
4. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
tetanus
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
glycocalyx - description
5. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Many treponemas
eukaryotic organelles (5)
HBV
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
6. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
E. coli
M. avium intracellulare
nucleic acid
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
7. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Entamoeba histolytica
plasmid - definition
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Lazzaro Spallanzani
8. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
plasmolysis
Recombination
9. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
10. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
basic shapes of bacteria
Group B strep
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
11. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Endosymbiotic Theory
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
12. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
100 micrometers
Plasmodium
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
13. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Hemagluttin
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
lipids (fats) =
HSV-2 - genital herpes
14. PNA in immunCised
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
envelope is composed of...
differential staining example
15. Requires absence of oxygen
protozoology
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
anaerobic
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
16. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Weil Felix test
Mononuclear cells
Cmv
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
17. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Oral and esophageal thrush
Ingestion of preformed toxin
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
what envelope contains
18. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
single- stranded DNA
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
19. Study of viruses
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
virology
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
20. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
antibiotics
3 groups in archaea
Pneumocystis jerovici
oxygen requirements of bacteria
21. chronic granulomatous disease
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
helical shape - definition
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
22. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Lactose fermenting enterics
Klebsiella granulomatis
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Virbrio cholera
23. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
HEV
chromosomes in nucleus are...
24. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
John Needham
25. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Pregnant women
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
26. What does rhinovirus do
Recombination
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Common cold
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
27. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
M. kansasii
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Mucor or rhizopus
protista kingdom
28. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Rubella
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
29. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
HSV-2 - genital herpes
C. diff
Lymph nodes
30. Contains genetic material
chromosome - function
S - definition
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Streptococcus mutans
31. bilateral bells palsy
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Borrelia burgdorferi
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
32. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Rapid cell division
microbiology
33. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Cmv
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
penetration (B)
34. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
flagella - description
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
EBV
35. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Tellurite agar
Chlamydia trachomatis
Recombination
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
36. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Pasteurella multocida
37. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
golgi complex - function
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
species
Crohns or appendicitis
38. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Klebsiella granulomatis
Coagulation cascade - DIC
39. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Meningococci
specific
mycoplasma (5) - description
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
40. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
uncoating (AV)
histoplasmosis
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
M. avium intracellulare
41. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
CMV - RSV
Gallbladder
42. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
John Needham - experiment
cytoplasm - definition
HHV-8 - KS
hypertonic solution
43. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Type B protease IgA
44. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Doxycycline
Influenza virus
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
halophiles
45. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
bacteriophage - definition
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
ABC
46. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Measles
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
47. fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or rhizopus
Neuraminidase
adsorption (B)
Robert Hooke
48. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Clostridium perfringens
Klebsiella granulomatis
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
49. What does polyomavirus cause
Attachment to host T cell
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Klebsiella granulomatis
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
50. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus