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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Plasmodium
Trigeminal ganglia
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Legionella
2. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Cyanophora paradoxa
what many pathogenic fungi are
3. Postviral PNA
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Syphillis - sexual contact
Staph or H. flu
Staph or enteric GNR
4. Allgin and carrageenan
Rose gardner's
Envelope proteins
food thickeners
lysis
5. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Toxplasmosis
Bartonella henselae
cell wall - function
malaria prevention
6. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Group B strep
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
7. What feature is unique to shigella
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
replication (AV)
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
8. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Yersinia enterocolitica
Candida
gram stain - definition
9. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Brucella sp
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
10. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
characteristics of bacteria (5)
11. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
monera kingdom
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
12. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
glycocalyx - function
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
C. botulinum
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
13. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Oral and esophageal thrush
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
14. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
differential staining of bacteria
nucleic acid
R. prowazekii
HCV
15. liver cysts - parasite
S. aureus
Staph or enteric GNR
Koch's Postulates 1
Echinococcus granulosus
16. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
cytoplasm - definition
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
17. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Salmonella typhi
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Nematode in undercooked meat
protista kingdom
18. Which males have UTIs
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Elevated CRP and ESR
basic shapes of bacteria
19. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Palivizumab
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
20. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Shigella
S. aureus
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Malignant otitis externa
21. What does rubeloa virus cause
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
22. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Ancylostoma - necator
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
23. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
24. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
tetanus
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
fungal infection examples (3)
Trigeminal ganglia
25. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Endosymbiotic Theory
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
26. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Killed/inactivated
Mycoplasma
Borrelia burgdorferi
C. diptheriae
27. burns or air
malaria prevention
Pseudomonas
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
actinomycetes (3) - description
28. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Robert Koch
Salmonella typhi
five fields of microbiology
helical shape - definition
29. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
motility of bacteria
protozoa (3)
30. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Rabies
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
31. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
Metronidazole
they are eukaryotes
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
32. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
chlamydia
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
33. Rodent viruses (not very common)
single- stranded DNA
Crohns or appendicitis
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
34. What C. diptheria grows on...
Tellurite agar
mitochondria - function
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Actinomyces israeli
35. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
3 groups in archaea
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Streptococcus - staphylococus
36. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Epiglottitis H flu type B
fungi kingdom
gram stain - definition
37. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
microbiology
pasteurization
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Ring enhancing brain lesions
38. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
bacillus
histoplasmosis
Double zone of hemolysis
endospores - definition
39. Requires presence of oxygen
aerobic
endospores
S - definition
C. diptheriae
40. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
gram- negative stain - color
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
biogenesis
41. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
gas gangrene
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
42. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Capsid protein
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
gas gangrene
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
43. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
protozoology
Guillain barre
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
44. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Nematode in undercooked meat
plant kingdom
Heat labile toxin
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
45. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
cilia - function
E. Coli
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
10 to 12
46. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
arrangements of bacteria
PCR/Viral load
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
47. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
chemical synthesis...
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Actinomyces israeli
48. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
methanogens
facultative
49. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
Borrelia burgdorferi
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Type B protease IgA
Echinococcus granulosus
50. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Rubella german measles
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults