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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Virbrio cholera
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

2. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Palivizumab
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

3. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
Doxycycline
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
tetanus

4. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
hyperthermophiles
Nocardia asteroides
Staph make it - strep don't
complex virus example

5. Which are the naked viruses
penetration (AV)
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

6. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Type B protease IgA

7. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
spontaneous generation
EBV
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
ASO titer

8. Thrush
double- stranded DNA
oral yeast infections =
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Sacral ganglia

9. Study of viruses
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
hypotonic solution
Antigen associated with core of HBV
virology

10. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Louis Pasteur - experiment
S. aureus
Heat labile toxin
Rubella - respiratory droplets

11. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Cryptococcus neoformans
Acid fast organisms
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

12. Who typically gets sporothrix

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13. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
arrangements - diplo
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)

14. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
Group B strep - E. coli
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Ingestion of preformed toxin
spiral - spirillum

15. ____ do no treat viral infections
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
ribosomes - function
red algae make
antibiotics

16. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
single- stranded DNA
Surfers in the tropics
Klebsiella granulomatis
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)

17. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
smooth ER
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
IVDU
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

18. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Trigeminal ganglia
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors

19. What does echovirus do
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Aseptic meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

20. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
what peptidoglycan is composed of
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

21. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Cell Theory
Clindamycin or ampicillin
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

22. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
L1 - L2 - L3
medical important mycobacteria
HIV - sexual

23. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Pasteurella multocida
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
M. avium intracellulare
Severe bacteremia - death

24. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
rickettsia
virology
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Tetracycline or erythromycin

25. What does poxvirus cause

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26. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Double zone of hemolysis
No cell wall
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

27. Where do VZV cells remain latent
penetration (B)
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Lazzaro Spallanzani

28. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Azithromycin
cell membrane - function
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Cyanophora paradoxa

29. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
trichomoniasis...
motility of bacteria
Bacterial superinfection
uncoating (AV)

30. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
EBV
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

31. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

32. Comma- shaped
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
spiral - vibrio

33. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
Endosymbiotic Theory
cell wall - function
replication for eukaryotes

34. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

35. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
spontaneous generation example
chemical synthesis...

36. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Salmonella
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
cell membrane - function
mitochondria - function

37. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
fungal infection examples (3)
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Enterobacter cloacae

38. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
actinomycetes (3) - description
myc/myo means
nucleic acid

39. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
spontaneous generation example
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR

40. What is the pathophys of mucor
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
chloroplasts - function
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Pseudomonas

41. roseola - lots of spots
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
capsid - definition
Reassortment

42. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
Rickettsia rickettsii
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Klebsiella granulomatis

43. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
lysozyme
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps

44. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
100 micrometers
Pseudomonas
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
R. typhi

45. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Clostridium tetani
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

46. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

47. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Bartonella henselae
Pasteurella multocida
uncoating (AV)
single- stranded RNA

48. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
replication for prokaryotes
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Resistant

49. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Candida albicans
Nocardia asteroides
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

50. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
rickettsia