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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does polyomavirus cause
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
antibiotics
Gallbladder
2. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
production of beer and wine
Strep bovis - also group D
HIV - malnutrition - death
3. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Fungi
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
S. aureus
4. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
Beta hemolytic
HBC - hepatitis B
Hemagluttin
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
5. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Heat labile toxin
Measles rubeola - measles
John Needham - experiment
6. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
protista kingdom
Toxoplasmosis
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Entertoxigenic E. coli
7. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Strep pneumo and viridans
Chlamydia trachomatis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Trigeminal ganglia
8. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Clostridium perfringens
lipids (fats) =
Pneumocystis jerovici
myc/myo means
9. How is Hfr made
Prompt oral rehydration
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Neisseria
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
10. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Dipoid RNA
Influenza virus
D- K
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
11. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
malaria prevention
Proteus mirabilis
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Toxplasmosis
12. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Francesco Redi - experiment
Tetracycline or erythromycin
biogenesis
13. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Sacral ganglia
Gardnerella vaginalis
gram- positive stain - explanation
14. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Doxycycline
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
15. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
plant kingdom
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Measles
16. What bug grows on eaton's agar
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
M. pneumoniae
Protozoan - STD
17. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
chemical synthesis...
John Needham
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
18. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Protein A - S. aureus
M. avium intracellulare
fungi
spiral - spirillum
19. What animals carry rabies virus
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Bat - racoon - skunk
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Histoplasmosis
20. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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21. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
coccus
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
motility of bacteria
22. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
bacteriophage - definition
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
23. hemoptysis - parasite
Fungi
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Paragonimus westermani
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
24. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
Croup - seal like barking cough
Borrelia burgdorferi
Salmonella typhi
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
25. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
monera kingdom
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
When nutriets are limited
26. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Syphillis - sexual contact
Vagina
27. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
All of them
Epiglottitis H flu type B
capsid - function
prokaryotes
28. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
adsorption (B)
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
29. Mild respiratory infection
double- stranded RNA
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
commercial applications
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
30. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
protozoan infections (5)
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
bacteriology
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
31. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Clostridia
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Candida
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
32. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
C. diptheriae
Toxoid vaccine
Pneumocystis jerovici
D- K
33. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Avain resevoir
differential staining of bacteria
34. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
35. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
genus
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
36. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Envelope proteins
Meningococci
gram- negative stain - color
37. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Food - fingers - feces - flies
release (AV)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
38. Helical - polyhedral - complex
viral shapes
staining of bacteria
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Severe pneumonia
39. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Treponema
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Rapid cell division
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
40. Multicellular and aerobic
Louis Pasteur - experiment
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
molds
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
41. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Azithromycin
uncoating (AV)
Actinomyces and nocardia
42. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Azithromycin
Clostridium botulinum
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
43. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Gardnerella vaginalis
Palivizumab
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
44. Study of bacteria
bacteriology
dormant
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Palivizumab
45. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Vagina
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
HIV - sexual
Viridans group streptococci
46. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Clostridia
mycology
taxonomic hierarchy
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
47. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
mycology
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
three domains of microorganisms
48. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Candida albicans
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Staph or H. flu
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
49. What features are unique to salmonella
pili - function
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Mycoplasma
Actic polymerization
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment