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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
trichomoniasis...
Clostridium tetani
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
botulism
2. Herpes - warts
double- stranded DNA
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Cholesterol
3. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Candida albicans
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
4. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Weil Felix test
Surfers in the tropics
CMV
5. What are the killed viral vaccines
rough ER
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
6. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
HIV - malnutrition - death
John Needham - experiment
ASO titer
7. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Borrelia burgdorferi
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
8. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Many treponemas
9. What organisms stain with PAS
10. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
double- stranded DNA
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
penetration (B)
Paragonimus westermani
11. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
lipids (fats) =
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
12. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
how wine is spoiled
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
13. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
chemical synthesis...
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Crohns or appendicitis
14. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
gram- positive cell wall
Azithromycin
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
15. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Staph or enteric GNR
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Bartonella henselae
16. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Pseudomonas
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
H. flu
Attachment to host T cell
17. What are the symptoms of TB
fungi
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
18. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
polyhedral shape - defintion
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
19. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
No - erythromycin
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
10 to 12
bacillus
20. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
21. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
adsorption (B)
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Pseudomonas
Between 2 and 18 months
22. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Pseudomonas
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
23. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Yersinia enterocolitica
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
24. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Histoplasmosis
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
25. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Klebsiella granulomatis
M. pneumoniae
26. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Parvoviridae
hyperthermophiles
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Lower lobe
27. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
C tetani
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Klebsiella
glycocalyx - function
28. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
spontaneous generation
Common cold and SARS
29. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Neuraminidase
30. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Muramic acid
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Strep bovis - also group D
CMV
31. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
32. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
malaria
microaerophilic
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
33. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
Elevated CRP and ESR
Theory of Biogenesis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
34. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Nocardia asteroides
35. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Owl's eye inculsions
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
gram- positive cell wall
36. What are the gram pos bacilli
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
nucleus
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
37. Sick cell trait
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
S - definition
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
38. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
39. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Only humoral - stable
40. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
M. tuberculosis
D- K
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
41. Study of algae
Ancylostoma - necator
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
algology
Cyanophora paradoxa
42. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Group B strep - E. coli
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
43. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Proteus mirabilis
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
viruses
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
44. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
gram- negative cell wall
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
C tetani
Theory of Biogenesis
45. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
release (AV)
<30 - military - prisons
Plasmodium
46. How do bacterial capsules function
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
47. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
N. gono causing gono
Genetic drift - epidemic
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
48. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
five kingdoms of microorganisms
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
red algae make
hyperthermophiles
49. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
biogenesis
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
50. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
prokaryotes
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec