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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
E. coli - proteus
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
mitochondria - function

2. What is pontiac fever
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
eukaryotes
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

3. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
spiral - spirillum
C. perfringens
Toxoid vaccine

4. bilateral bells palsy
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Borrelia burgdorferi

5. What does salmonella typhi cause
Enterobacter cloacae
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

6. What animals carry rabies virus
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Bat - racoon - skunk
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

7. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
medical important mycobacteria
Legionella
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

8. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
All except coxiella are via arthropod
histoplasmosis
replication for prokaryotes

9. Tightly coiled
Measles
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
spiral - spirochete
gram- negative stain - color

10. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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11. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Entamoeba histolytica
Lactose fermenting enterics
food thickeners
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

12. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
virology
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
single- stranded RNA

13. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
mycoplasma (5) - description
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

14. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Coagulation cascade - DIC
necrosis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Legionella

15. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
chemical synthesis...
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
bacteriophage - definition
Koch's Postulates 2

16. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Francisella tularenis
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Meningococci

17. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Avain resevoir
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

18. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
HSV-2 - genital herpes
protozoan infections (5)

19. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Rapid cell division
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
capsid is composed of...
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver

20. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Weil Felix test
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis

21. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
polyhedral shape - defintion
C. perfringens
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

22. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

23. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

24. Will show the difference between two things
what envelope contains
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
differential staining of bacteria
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

25. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

26. Paramecium
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
chemical synthesis...
cilia

27. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Anti - HAVAb IgM
capsid - function
Influenza virus
monera kingdom

28. What are VRE and What do they cause
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
chloroplasts - function
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

29. Purple
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
gram- positive stain - color
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

30. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Clostridium perfringens
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on

31. What is the treatment for syphillis
Salmonella
Pen
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

32. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Severe bacteremia - death

33. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Elementary body
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
tetanus

34. What is the main complication of mumps
Robert Hooke
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Sterility
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

35. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
mycoplasma (5) - description
Staph or H. flu
special staining of bacteria
how wine is spoiled

36. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
chemical synthesis...
Protein A - S. aureus
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

37. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
R. typhi
Cryptosporidium
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

38. What bugs are urease pos
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
E. coli - proteus
Clostridium botulinum

39. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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40. Study of protozoans
Elementary body
lipids (fats) =
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
protozoology

41. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Strep bovis - also group D
Vagina

42. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Candida albicans

43. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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44. Some algae
plant kingdom
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Pasteurella multocida
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants

45. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Gallbladder
Ancylostoma - necator
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

46. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Acute/recent infection
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
S. aureus
Bacterial superinfection

47. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Palivizumab
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
adsorption (AV)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

48. Binary fission + cytokinesis
replication for prokaryotes
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
assembly (B)
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

49. What are PE signs of PID
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
S. aureus
Negative
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

50. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Anti - HBsAb
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not