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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Resistant
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Reassortment
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
2. Prokaryotes
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Endosymbiotic Theory
C tetani
bacteria domain
3. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
HIV - AIDS
histoplasmosis
4. Requires absence of oxygen
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
anaerobic
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
C. perfringens
5. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Spikes
6. What are agryll roberston pupils
spontaneous generation
endospores are resistant to (4)
endocytosis...
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
7. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
mycolic acid - definition
Anti - HAVAb IgM
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
8. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
single- stranded DNA
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
9. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Salmonella typhi
golgi complex - function
Schistosoma haematobium
Trigeminal ganglia
10. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
malaria
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Aerosal - from environmental water source
11. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Histoplasmosis
basic shapes of bacteria
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
DNA hepadnavirus
12. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Gardnerella vaginalis
B cells
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
13. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Group B strep
archaea domain
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Clostridia
14. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Klebsiella granulomatis
H flu type B
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
15. What does Rubella virus cause
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
16. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
oxygen requirements of bacteria
necrosis
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
17. Study of bacteria
bacteriology
capsid is composed of...
germination
rough ER
18. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Acute/recent infection
plasmolysis
19. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
H flu type B
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Pseudomonas
20. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Lazzaro Spallanzani
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
21. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
differential staining of bacteria
fungi
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
22. 10 - 100 micrometers
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Group B strep - E. coli
plasmolysis
eukaryotes
23. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Spikes
archaea domain
Rubella
Gardnerella vaginalis
24. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
anaerobic
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Between 2 and 18 months
Serratia
25. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Azithromycin
pasteurization
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
26. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
cytoplasm - definition
Recombination
fermentation - definition
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
27. Structure unique to some bacteria
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
endospores
Resistant
28. Require high salt concentrations
Rose gardner's
Many treponemas
halophiles
chemical synthesis...
29. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
gram- negative stain - explanation
Dark field microscopy
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
spontaneous generation example
30. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Pasteurella multocida
osmotic lysis
interferon
lipids (fats) =
31. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Resistant
spiral - vibrio
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
32. Contains genetic material
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
chromosome - function
Pasteurella multocida
33. PNA in immunCised
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
chromosomes in nucleus are...
34. what dpes gp120 do
Attachment to host T cell
Aerosal - from environmental water source
ribosomes - function
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
35. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Borrelia burgdorferi
plasmolysis
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
36. asplenic pt
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
gas gangrene
37. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
spiral - vibrio
Prompt oral rehydration
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
38. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Between 2 and 18 months
Saucer shaped yeast forms
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
39. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
amoebic dynsentry
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
acid- fast organism - definition
40. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
M. avium intracellulare
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Only humoral - stable
41. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
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42. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Brucella sp
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Chlamydia trachomatis
43. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
3 groups in archaea
genus
44. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
protista kingdom
Yeast - protazoan
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
45. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Pox - complex
envelope - definition
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
46. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
replication (B)
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
biogenesis
47. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
differential staining of bacteria
molds
Cigar shaped yeast
48. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Salmonella
Shigella
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
49. What C. diptheria grows on...
Lepromatous
Immediately upon exposure
endospores - definition
Tellurite agar
50. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
R. prowazekii
Yes
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate