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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does papillomovirus cause
special staining of bacteria
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
protozoan infections (5)
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
2. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
cell wall - function
envelope - definition
flagella - function
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
3. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
L1 - L2 - L3
Rapid cell division
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
3 groups in archaea
4. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Klebsiella granulomatis
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
glycocalyx - function
5. What does salmonella typhi cause
species
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
replication (AV)
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
6. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
endocytosis...
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Chlamydia trachomatis
C tetani
7. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
hypertonic solution
malaria
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
8. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Dipicolinic acid
E. Coli
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
9. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
S. aureus
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
specialized flagella
Dipicolinic acid
10. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Salpingitis
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
11. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Mycobacterium
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Actic polymerization
12. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Staph or enteric GNR
13. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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14. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
H flu type B
Influenza virus
Mucor or rhizopus
15. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
16. What organisms stain with silver stain
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
C. perfringens
17. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Clonorchis sinensis
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Toxoid vaccine
Klebsiella granulomatis
18. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
19. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Oral and esophageal thrush
osmotic lysis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
spiral - vibrio
20. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
C. diff
envelope - definition
CMV retinitis
21. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
acid- fast organism - definition
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
22. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Mycoplasma
Palivizumab
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
23. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
Cryptosporidium
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
JC virus causing PML
Metabolic activity without division
24. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
C. diptheriae
Double zone of hemolysis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
25. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
taxonomic hierarchy
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
double- stranded RNA
26. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Yersinia pestis
Salpingitis
Immediately upon exposure
27. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
algology
hypertonic solution
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
28. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
Mumps virus - mumps
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
importance of microorganisms
29. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Mucor or rhizopus
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
endospores are formed via
30. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
endospores are resistant to (4)
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
eukaryotic organelles - definition
31. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Paragonimus westermani
32. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Louis Pasteur
Negative
H flu
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
33. What features are unique to salmonella
3 groups in archaea
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
animal kingdom
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
34. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Chronic disease - positive during window period
PCR/Viral load
Vulvuvaginitis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
35. Requires presence of oxygen
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
aerobic
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
36. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
ribosomes - function
polyhedral shape - defintion
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
37. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Clindamycin or ampicillin
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
38. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
100 micrometers
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
humans do not have
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
39. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Mumps virus - mumps
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
60%; viruses
osmotic lysis
40. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
Doxycycline
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
how wine is spoiled
endospores - definition
41. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
fimbriae - function
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
S. aureus
mycolic acid - definition
42. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
arrangements of bacteria
43. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Neuraminidase
nucleus
N. gono causing gono
44. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease
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45. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
viral shapes
Pseudomonas
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
46. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
pili - function
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
47. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Severe bacteremia - death
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Doxycycline
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
48. What organisms stain with PAS
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49. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
IgG Anti - HBcAg
HBV
Dipicolinic acid
Group B strep - E. coli
50. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
fermentation - definition
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Antigen in vaccines