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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
spiral
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Lactose fermenting enterics
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

2. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Robert Hooke
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
spiral - spirochete

3. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
gram- positive cell wall
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Toxo crosses the placenta

4. What is HBeAg
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
double- stranded DNA
Staph or H. flu
Candida and aspergillus

5. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Cyanophora paradoxa
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
malaria prevention

6. What does rhinovirus do
Common cold
Rubella german measles
Clostridium botulinum
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines

7. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Actinomyces israeli
C. diff
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
adsorption (B)

8. Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage - definition
C tetani
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

9. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis

10. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
species
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

11. Who typically gets sporothrix

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12. What is gardnerella associated with
Sexual activity - but not an STI
what many pathogenic fungi are
Serratia marcescens
characteristics of bacteria (5)

13. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Metronidazole
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
cilia - function
what peptidoglycan is composed of

14. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Koch's Postulates 2
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

15. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
algae characteristics (3)
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Lepromatous

16. What organisms stain with PAS

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17. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Lepromatous
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Mumps virus - mumps

18. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Does not ferment sorbitol
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

19. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Borrelia recurrentis
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus

20. Study of protozoans
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Antigen associated with core of HBV
protozoology
Acute/recent infection

21. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Nematode in undercooked meat
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
John Needham - experiment

22. perianal pruritis - parasite
Treponema - primary syphillis
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Enterobius
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

23. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
M. pneumoniae
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Legionella

24. What does poxvirus cause

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25. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
what envelope contains
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

26. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Endosymbiotic Theory
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

27. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
cell membrane - definition
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
PHV

28. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
CMV - RSV
Cryptosporidium
Pseudomonas

29. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
fungi kingdom
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Specialized transduction - an excision event
rickettsia

30. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
IVDU
Immediately upon exposure
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

31. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
facultative
Mycobacterium

32. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Lepromatous
motility of bacteria
Rabies
Rickettsia rickettsii

33. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
what envelope contains
histoplasmosis
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
fermentation - definition

34. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
how many degrees celsius for mold?

35. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Superantigen
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
spontaneous generation
specific

36. Related to a fungus
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
myc/myo means
Mice - deer
genus

37. Which nematodes are ingested
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Heat labile toxin
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

38. pos PAS stain

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39. Pairs
replication for prokaryotes
Enterobius
Diphyllobothrium latum
arrangements - diplo

40. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Hemagluttin
adsorption (B)
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

41. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Mycoplasma
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

42. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Cryptosporidium
glycocalyx - description
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts

43. What is the nl flora in the nose
nucleic acid
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
gas gangrene

44. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Enterobacter cloacae
Protozoan - STD
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

45. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
viral shapes
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

46. Require high salt concentrations
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Rubella
halophiles
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

47. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Serratia
Robert Koch
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

48. Bacteriophage
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
red algae make
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
complex virus example

49. Lowercase/italics or underlined
species
Koch's Postulates 4
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

50. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
many humans would test antibody positive for this
protozoa (3)
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR

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Microbiology

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