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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. portal HTN - parasite
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Schistosoma mansori

2. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Malignant otitis externa
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

3. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Attachment to host T cell
Trigeminal ganglia
Parvo - single stranded
differential staining of bacteria

4. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
C. botulinum
Rubella
Mice - deer
Severe bacteremia - death

5. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
Enteroinvasive E. coli
C tetani
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

6. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
L1 - L2 - L3
polyhedral shape - defintion
protozoan infections (5)

7. surgical wound
All except coxiella are via arthropod
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
S. aureus
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

8. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis

9. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
complex virus example
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Lymph nodes
release (AV)

10. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
Palivizumab
Surfers in the tropics
malaria symptoms
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

11. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Borrelia burgdorferi
All except coxiella are via arthropod

12. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Rubella german measles
glycocalyx - description
Sacral ganglia
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

13. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles

14. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
replication for prokaryotes
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria

15. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
S. aureus
Measles rubeola - measles
Rickettsia rickettsii
plant kingdom

16. Chemical synthesis and food industry
commercial applications
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
C. diptheriae

17. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
cilia
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Attachment to host T cell
golgi complex - function

18. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Food - fingers - feces - flies

19. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Type B protease IgA
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

20. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
DNA hepadnavirus
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

21. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Sporothrix schenckii
lipids (fats) =
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

22. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Strep bovis - also group D
Doxycycline

23. PNA in CF
Killed viral vaccine
Pseudomonas
Staph make it - strep don't
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

24. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Genetic shift - pandemic
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Treponema

25. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Syphillis - sexual contact
Haematobium - bladder
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)

26. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
No cell wall
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
histoplasmosis
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

27. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Pasteurella multocida
Clonorchis sinensis
many humans would test antibody positive for this

28. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
what many pathogenic fungi are
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

29. Rod- shaped
bacillus
Cholesterol
glycocalyx - function
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

30. Size - cell structure - replication
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Chlamydia trachomatis
specific
10%; viral

31. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

32. Simple - special - and differential
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Protein A - S. aureus
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
staining of bacteria

33. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Cyanophora paradoxa
mitochondria - function
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
methanogens

34. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
EBV
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Yes
Yersinia pestis

35. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
Enterobacter cloacae
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
food industry

36. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Pasteurella multocida
protista kingdom
flagella - function

37. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Group B strep - E. coli

38. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
osmotic pressure

39. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

40. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
red tide
Type B protease IgA

41. The host cell's plasma membrane
Hemagluttin
envelope is composed of...
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
eukaryotes

42. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Proteus mirabilis
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
lysis

43. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
bacteriology
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

44. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
capsid is composed of...
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Bat - racoon - skunk

45. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Pen
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
bacteria domain

46. How are rickettsiae transmitted
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)

47. trophozoite ring form in RBC
trichomoniasis symptoms
VZV - chickenpox
Plasmodium
differential staining example

48. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Nucleus - except parvovirus

49. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Yersinia enterocolitica
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

50. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
capsid - function