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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the three forms of prion diesase
flagella - function
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Only borrelia
2. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Meningococci
histoplasmosis
capsid - function
3. Purple
John Needham
Superantigen
gram- negative cell wall
gram- positive stain - color
4. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Treponema - primary syphillis
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
5. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
fungi
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
6. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Type B protease IgA
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
five fields of microbiology
7. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
protista kingdom
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
plasmid - function
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
8. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
virus example
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
9. Problem with food preservation - canning
HIV - malnutrition - death
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
botulism
10. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
replication (AV)
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
11. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
hypotonic solution
Candida albicans
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
12. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
facultative
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
13. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
five fields of microbiology
14. What is in pneumovax
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
viral shapes
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
15. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Parvo - single stranded
10%; viral
16. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Beta hemolytic
mycolic acid - definition
food industry
17. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
All of them
gram- positive stain - explanation
S. aureus
Acute/recent infection
18. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
H. flu
19. Rod- shaped
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
food industry
bacillus
20. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
21. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
Pseudomonas
Borrelia recurrentis
HCV
Influenza virus
22. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Rifampin
S. aureus
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
23. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Children
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
nucleus
24. CO2 concentration and temperature
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
uncoating (AV)
IVDU
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
25. Where do CMV cells remain latent
they are eukaryotes
osmotic pressure
Mononuclear cells
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
26. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
capsid - definition
60%; viruses
malaria prevention
gram- negative cell wall
27. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
what peptidoglycan is composed of
how wine is spoiled
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
28. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Candida albicans
29. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
S. aureus
algae characteristics (3)
30. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Killed viral vaccine
Pneumocystis jerovici
Echinococcus granulosus
31. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Paragonimus westermani
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Fungi
32. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
arrangements - staphylo
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
characteristics of bacteria (5)
33. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Viridans group streptococci
Actinomyces and nocardia
Cryptosporidium
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
34. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
assembly (B)
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
pili - function
35. Blue
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
No cell wall
not acid- fast - colo
replication for prokaryotes
36. What does aspergillus cause
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37. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
cell membrane - definition
Salmonella
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
38. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Rose gardner's
Unimmunised kids
39. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Campylobacter
HBC - hepatitis B
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
40. painless chancre - org and dz
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Treponema - primary syphillis
anaerobic
Mononuclear cells
41. Virus that infects bacteria
candidiasis
bacteriophage - definition
gas gangrene
trichomoniasis...
42. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Reassortment
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
43. What does PAS actually stain for
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
differential staining of bacteria
44. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Koch's Postulates 1
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Salmonella
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
45. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Protozoan - STD
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
46. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
gas gangrene
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Rabies
Cigar shaped yeast
47. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
bacteriophage - definition
Weil Felix test
Metronidazole
48. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
arrangements - diplo
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
49. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
S. aureus
50. What is weil's disease
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Immediately upon exposure