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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. traumatic open wound
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
C. perfringens
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Toxo crosses the placenta

2. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Legionella

3. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
HHV-6 roseola
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

4. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
H flu
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Gallbladder
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

5. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Only humoral - stable
biogenesis
protozoa (3)
bacteriophage - definition

6. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
giardia
All except coxiella are via arthropod
replication (B)
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

7. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Capsid protein
When nutriets are limited
differential staining example

8. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
single- stranded RNA
chromosomes in nucleus are...

9. What does p24 do
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Cigar shaped yeast
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Capsid protein

10. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Paramyxovirus; measles
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

11. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

12. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
Clostridium tetani
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer

13. fungal infection in diabetic
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
HBV
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Mucor or rhizopus

14. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Malignant otitis externa
Toxoid vaccine
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

15. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
virus example
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

16. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Only borrelia
E. coli 0157:H7
trichomoniasis symptoms

17. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
motility of bacteria
Rubella german measles
Transformation or competence
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

18. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Clostridia
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

19. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Between 2 and 18 months
chromosome - description
Elevated CRP and ESR
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

20. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
B cells
protozoan infections (5)
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

21. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Schistosoma haematobium
fermentation - definition

22. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
ASO titer
Toxo crosses the placenta
Acute/recent infection

23. What is gardnerella associated with
Paramyxovirus; measles
Toxplasmosis
Treponema
Sexual activity - but not an STI

24. Virus is engulfed by host cell
aerobic
Fungi
endocytosis...
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

25. What kind of virus and family are HBV
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
DNA hepadnavirus
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

26. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
virology
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

27. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. aureus
Cmv
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
60%; viruses

28. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Klebsiella granulomatis
Double zone of hemolysis
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin

29. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

30. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Pseudomonas
Pasteurella multocida
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

31. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
capsid is composed of...
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
penetration (B)

32. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
E. coli
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

33. Which nematodes are ingested
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively

34. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
Fungi
trichomoniasis...
Pseudomonas
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

35. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
<30 - military - prisons
Genetic shift - pandemic
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
All of them

36. Mild respiratory infection
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
chemical synthesis...
double- stranded RNA
bacteriophage - definition

37. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
S. aureus
eukarya domain
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Klebsiella

38. Allgin and carrageenan
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
S. epidermidis
food thickeners

39. 80S = 60S + 40S
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

40. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
HIV - sexual
lysis
bacteria domain

41. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Histoplasmosis
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Cyanophora paradoxa

42. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

43. What organisms stain with silver stain
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
facultative
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella

44. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Beta hemolytic
Lower lobe

45. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

46. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
CMV
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Bacillus anthracis

47. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
animal kingdom
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

48. Spiral
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Recombination
spiral - spirillum
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal

49. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
osmotic lysis
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

50. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Immediately upon exposure
Common cold and SARS
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
capsid - function