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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Only humoral - stable
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
cell membrane - definition

2. Rupturing of cell
lysis
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Superantigen
acid- fast organism - definition

3. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
release (AV)
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Staph make it - strep don't
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants

4. What is the triad of HUS
Yes
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

5. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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6. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8

7. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
yeast
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
peptidoglycan - definition

8. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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9. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Bartonella henselae

10. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
C. diff
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

11. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
No cell wall
complex virus example
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Campylocobacter jejuni

12. What bug produces a red pigment
Severe pneumonia
Serratia
Cmv
differential staining of bacteria

13. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Cigar shaped yeast
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
chromosome - function
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

14. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
HHV-8 - KS
Protein A - S. aureus
Enterobius
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

15. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Viridans group streptococci
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
flagella - function

16. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
L1 - L2 - L3
Tellurite agar
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Francesco Redi

17. What does coronavirus do
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Common cold and SARS
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
cytoplasm - definition

18. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Anti - HAVAb IgM
humans do not have

19. bilateral bells palsy
Double zone of hemolysis
Saucer shaped yeast forms
myc/myo means
Borrelia burgdorferi

20. Multicellular and aerobic
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
molds

21. Which males have UTIs
viruses
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
giardia
Nocardia asteroides

22. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Pasteurella multocida
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

23. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Toxplasmosis
mitochondria - function
Actinomyces and nocardia

24. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
IVDU
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

25. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
single- stranded DNA
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Chlamydia trachomatis

26. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Louis Pasteur
No envelope
cytoplasm - definition
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block

27. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

28. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

29. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

30. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Mycobacterium
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

31. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
microbiology
Beta hemolytic
chloroplasts - function

32. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
three domains of microorganisms
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

33. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
lipids (fats) =
Pseudomonas
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
osmotic pressure

34. Allows nutrients in - waste out
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
cell membrane - function
eukarya domain
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

35. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
ribosomes - function
flagella
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

36. Pairs
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Common cold and SARS
arrangements - diplo
Neisseria

37. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
S. aureus
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
EBV

38. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Mononuclear cells
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
capsid is composed of...

39. Thrush
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Streptococcus - staphylococus
oral yeast infections =
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

40. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
flagella - description
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
flagella - function

41. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

42. How do bacterial capsules function
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
D- K
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

43. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
John Needham
arrangements - diplo
Toxoplasmosis

44. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
R. prowazekii
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
virology

45. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Between 2 and 18 months
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Protein A - S. aureus
histoplasmosis

46. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Common cold
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum

47. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Gonococci
M. tuberculosis
Silver stain
Doxycycline

48. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
oral yeast infections =
gas gangrene

49. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
release (B)
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe

50. How is legionella detected clinically
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Does not ferment sorbitol
Antigen in urine
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts