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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Cholesterol
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
infection process of animal viruses (6)

2. What are the viral causes of meningitis
C. diff
single- stranded DNA
<30 - military - prisons
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

3. What is the TX for chlamydia
species
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
malaria symptoms
Azithromycin

4. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
many humans would test antibody positive for this
protozoan infections (5)
Dark field microscopy

5. What does listeria infection cause
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Trigeminal ganglia

6. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Bacillus anthracis
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
ABC
All except coxiella are via arthropod

7. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Syphillis - sexual contact
Lower lobe
adsorption (B)

8. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Group B strep - E. coli
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
osmotic pressure
Spikes

9. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Bacterial superinfection
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus

10. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

11. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
No envelope
Gardnerella vaginalis
chlamydia

12. Which males have UTIs
S - definition
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
E. coli

13. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
humans do not have
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

14. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
plant kingdom
protozoa (3)
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

15. What is in pneumovax
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec

16. Blue
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
not acid- fast - colo
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

17. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
All of them
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

18. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. aureus
virus example
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

19. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

20. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
yeast
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

21. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
rough ER
Clostridium perfringens
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

22. currant jelly sputum
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
cilia - function
Elevated CRP and ESR
Klebsiella

23. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Beta hemolytic
Attachment to host T cell
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

24. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
flagella - function
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
gram- positive cell wall

25. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
flagella
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Gambiense - rhodesiense

26. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
interferon
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

27. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Gonococci
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec

28. How does TSST work
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
8 - orthomyoxovirus
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

29. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Schistosoma haematobium

30. Prevents contraction of muscles
mycolic acid - definition
Candida
flaccid paralysis
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

31. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
EBV
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Clostridia
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

32. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Mice - deer
specific

33. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
3 groups in archaea
protozoan infections (5)
Entertoxigenic E. coli

34. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Toxplasmosis
cell wall - function
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

35. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

36. Svedberg units
S - definition
S. aureus
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
B cells

37. What does meningococci cause
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Clonorchis sinensis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

38. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Klebsiella
B cells
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia

39. Lowercase/italics or underlined
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
species
Francisella tularenis
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

40. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
S. epidermidis
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Histoplasmosis
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

41. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
capsid is composed of...
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
special staining of bacteria
Pneumocystis jerovici

42. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
chloroplasts - function
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Measles rubeola - measles

43. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Palivizumab

44. 70S = 30S + 50S
Mumps virus - mumps
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
nucleus

45. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Candida and aspergillus
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)

46. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Echinococcus granulosus
Parvo - single stranded
Measles

47. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
acid- fast - color
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
spontaneous generation example

48. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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49. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Only humoral - stable
protista kingdom
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines

50. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine