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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Rodent viruses (not very common)
single- stranded DNA
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

2. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
chloroplasts - function
Heat labile toxin
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Legionella

3. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

4. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
No envelope
envelope is composed of...
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
flagella - function

5. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Spikes
amoebic dynsentry

6. PNA in elderly
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

7. taenia solium - tricky Ts
Genetic shift - pandemic
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
prokaryotes

8. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Pasteurella multocida
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Dipicolinic acid

9. What are agryll roberston pupils
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Serratia marcescens

10. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Viral gastroenteritis
ABC
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

11. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
animal kingdom
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

12. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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13. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Owl's eye inculsions
Pasteurella multocida
R. prowazekii
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

14. Protein synthesis
Prompt oral rehydration
ribosomes - function
Serratia
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

15. Study of viruses
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
virology
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

16. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
B cells
arrangements - staphylo
Dipoid RNA

17. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
tetanus
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Anti - HAVAb IgM

18. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
infection process of animal viruses (6)
importance of microorganisms
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
IVDU

19. yeast and mold
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Strep pneumo and viridans
Ancylostoma - necator

20. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Plasmodium
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

21. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
endospores - definition
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

22. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel

23. Comma- shaped
Owl's eye inculsions
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
spiral - vibrio

24. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
species
Common cold and SARS
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid

25. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Clostridia
Salmonella
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
PHV

26. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
HCV
S. epidermidis
Cmv

27. health care provider
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
HBV from needle stick
lysis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

28. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Neuraminidase
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

29. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Negative
Protozoan - STD

30. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
C. diptheriae
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Elevated CRP and ESR

31. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
B. cereus
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
C tetani
nucleic acid

32. What are the recombinant vaccines
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

33. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
basic shapes of bacteria

34. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Dipicolinic acid
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
hypotonic solution
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

35. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

36. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
halophiles
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides

37. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
M. avium intracellulare
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Group B strep - E. coli
Strep bovis - also group D

38. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
smooth ER
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Antigen in urine
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts

39. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

40. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
gram- positive stain - explanation
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Bat - racoon - skunk

41. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Pasteurella multocida

42. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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43. hemoptysis - parasite
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Paragonimus westermani
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
endospores are resistant to (4)

44. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
PHV
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Endosymbiotic Theory

45. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Rifampin

46. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
endospores are resistant to (4)
No - erythromycin
commercial applications
microaerophilic

47. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
release (B)
acid- fast organism - definition
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
M. pneumoniae

48. How is legionella detected clinically
Antigen in urine
R. prowazekii
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
VZV - chickenpox

49. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
DNA hepadnavirus
bacillus
Treponema

50. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Lepromatous
germination
Resistant
how do viruses take over a host cell?