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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Koch's Postulates 2
Food - fingers - feces - flies
M. avium intracellulare

2. Prokaryotes
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
bacteria domain
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

3. Chemical synthesis and food industry
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
commercial applications
virology

4. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

5. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
capsid - definition
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Anti - HBsAb
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

6. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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7. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb

8. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Salpingitis
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

9. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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10. What organisms stain with PAS

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11. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Candida
Yes
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
gram- positive cell wall

12. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
mycolic acid - definition
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

13. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
nucleus
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
glycocalyx - description

14. burns or air
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Pseudomonas
motility of bacteria
Oral and esophageal thrush

15. meningitis in >60
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
how wine is spoiled

16. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
protozoan infections (5)
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Pregnant women
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

17. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
single- stranded RNA
protozoology
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
M. avium intracellulare

18. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
nucleus
ribosomes - function
monera kingdom

19. How is legionella transmitted
simple staining of bacteria
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

20. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Rubella german measles
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Children

21. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
cilia - function

22. What acid is in the spore core
Unimmunised kids
Dipicolinic acid
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
flagella

23. Unicellular and facultative
yeast
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
staining of bacteria
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

24. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Group B strep - E. coli

25. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
oral yeast infections =
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

26. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
uncoating (AV)
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
C. perfringens

27. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Influenza virus
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Staph saprophyticus
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

28. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
3 groups in archaea
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
bacteriophage - definition

29. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Starts quickly and ends quickly
S. aureus
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Schistosoma mansori

30. What bug produces a yellow pigment
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
S. aureus
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

31. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension

32. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Robert Koch

33. What is the TX for h pylori
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Tetracycline or erythromycin

34. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
helical shape - definition
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Doxycycline
Clostridium botulinum

35. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

36. Herpes - warts
Entertoxigenic E. coli
double- stranded DNA
mycology
how wine is spoiled

37. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
glycocalyx - description
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Toxoplasmosis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

38. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Vulvuvaginitis
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
differential staining example

39. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Salmonella
Anaerobes

40. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
rickettsia
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

41. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
PHV

42. What are prion disease caused by
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Pseudomonas

43. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
Bartonella sp
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
B. cereus
S. aureus

44. What organisms stain with silver stain
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Candida albicans
Negative
Borrelia recurrentis

45. Rod- shaped
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Between 2 and 18 months
bacillus
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

46. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Rubella
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

47. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Pasteurella multocida
prokaryotes
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

48. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
replication for prokaryotes
Syphillis - sexual contact
pili - function

49. What are the lab findings for cholera
Heat labile toxin
single- stranded RNA
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

50. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
adsorption (AV)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Fusion and entry
Mumps virus - mumps