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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Entamoeba histolytica
2. Study of algae
algology
giardia
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
simple staining of bacteria
3. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Anaerobes
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
4. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
B cells
C. perfringens
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
VZV - chickenpox
5. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
peptidoglycan - definition
Severe bacteremia - death
Pasteurella multocida
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
6. What does salmonella typhi cause
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
pseudopodia
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
7. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
Double zone of hemolysis
Hemagluttin
Treponema
Azithromycin
8. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Toxoid vaccine
S. epidermidis
Francisella tularenis
Haematobium - bladder
9. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
3 groups in archaea
Rapid cell division
hypotonic solution
10. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
11. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
C. diptheriae
what envelope contains
12. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
flagella - function
monera kingdom
mycolic acid - definition
13. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Epiglottitis H flu type B
E. coli 0157:H7
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
HSV-2 - genital herpes
14. PNA in CF - burn
Acid fast organisms
No cell wall
Pseudomonas
yeast
15. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Fungi
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Lactose fermenting enterics
Histoplasmosis
16. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Mice - deer
polyhedral shape - defintion
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
17. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Pseudomonas
18. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
antibiotics
HBV
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
19. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
capsid - function
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
spiral - vibrio
20. What are the 4 phases of HIV
virus example
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
structures of prokaryotic cell
microaerophilic
21. Pink
Beta hemolytic
dormant
Actic polymerization
gram- negative stain - color
22. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
R. prowazekii
genus
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
23. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Pasteurella multocida
H. flu
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Borrelia burgdorferi
24. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Capsid protein
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
25. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
Many treponemas
R. typhi
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
26. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
molds
commercial applications
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
27. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
28. Unicellular and facultative
yeast
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
29. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
DNA hepadnavirus
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
30. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
31. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
C. diff
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Actic polymerization
Envelope proteins
32. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Lactose fermenting enterics
Guillain barre
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
33. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
complex virus example
Children
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
34. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
C. botulinum
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Salmonella
35. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Sacral ganglia
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Klebsiella granulomatis
eukaryotic organelles - definition
36. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Mice - deer
gram- positive cell wall
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
37. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
arrangements of bacteria
Rubella
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
38. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Rabies
spiral
39. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Bartonella sp
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
40. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
assembly (B)
Envelope proteins
41. What are prion disease caused by
Lazzaro Spallanzani
microbiology
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
penetration (AV)
42. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
gram stain - definition
commercial applications
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
43. Require high salt concentrations
Clostridia
Crohns or appendicitis
halophiles
mycology
44. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
M. kansasii
Silver stain
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
45. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Heat labile toxin
Pseudomonas
actinomycetes (3) - description
Neisseria
46. What does coxaskcievirus do
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
red algae make
Type B protease IgA
47. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
cell wall - function
HEV
48. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
pili - function
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
lysis
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
49. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
malaria prevention
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
lipids (fats) =
Actinomyces and nocardia
50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
IVDU
M. pneumoniae
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis