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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Will show size and arrangement
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
simple staining of bacteria
replication for prokaryotes

2. surgical wound
Louis Pasteur - experiment
DNA hepadnavirus
germination
S. aureus

3. pos PAS stain

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4. Requires presence of oxygen
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
aerobic

5. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
Palivizumab
Envelope proteins
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
virus example

6. Comma- shaped
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
spiral - vibrio
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Toxplasmosis

7. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
gram- positive cell wall
virology
Shigella

8. HaemoPhilus causes....
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Tellurite agar

9. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
replication for prokaryotes
polyhedral shape - defintion
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

10. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Echinococcus granulosus

11. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
H. pylori
microaerophilic
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

12. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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13. Study of algae
algology
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death

14. Rupturing of cell
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
HCV
DNA hepadnavirus
lysis

15. What are the recombinant vaccines
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Silver stain

16. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Acute/recent infection
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Bat - racoon - skunk
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid

17. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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18. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
algae characteristics (3)
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
microaerophilic

19. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Pasteurella multocida
Doxycycline
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis

20. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

21. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Klebsiella
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Pneumocystis jerovici

22. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Does not ferment sorbitol
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
penetration (AV)

23. Help bacteria to attach to one another
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
pili - function
Endosymbiotic Theory

24. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Serratia
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

25. Provides structure
cell membrane - function
Koch's Postulates 3
histoplasmosis
cell wall - function

26. Spiral
eukaryotes
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
spiral - spirillum
When nutriets are limited

27. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
HIV - AIDS
D- K
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
glycocalyx - function

28. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
halophiles
Gambiense - rhodesiense
E. Coli

29. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
anaerobic
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

30. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
lipids (fats) =
Yeast - protazoan

31. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
Lactose fermenting enterics
Bacterial superinfection
red tide
spontaneous generation example

32. Grow in very hot conditions
Bartonella sp
Treponema
osmotic lysis
hyperthermophiles

33. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Paragonimus westermani
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
spiral
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons

34. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
HHV 6 - roseola
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

35. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Clonorchis sinensis
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

36. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Pox - complex
Genetic drift - epidemic
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Theory of Biogenesis

37. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
gram- negative cell wall
eukarya domain
differential staining of bacteria
Gonococci

38. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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39. What are the 3 C's for measles
Metronidazole
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
fungal infection examples (3)
10%; viral

40. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Koch's Postulates 3
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Pseudemonas aeruginosa

41. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Mumps virus - mumps
Genetic shift - pandemic
icosahedron
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

42. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Neisseria
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin

43. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
what peptidoglycan is composed of
replication (AV)
archaea domain
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

44. What virus is in the deltavirus family
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
HDV
No envelope
replication for eukaryotes

45. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)

46. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Saucer shaped yeast forms
HHV 6 - roseola

47. Which are the naked viruses
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

48. Which are the herpesviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
virology
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus

49. Protein synthesis
plant kingdom
ribosomes - function
Cell Theory
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

50. Where do EBV cells remain latent
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Echinococcus granulosus
B cells
H flu type B