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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Mucor or rhizopus
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

2. meningitis in >60
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
animal kingdom
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

3. How do you treat lyme disease
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
lysis

4. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Acid fast organisms
Mycobacterium
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

5. Protein synthesis
endospores - definition
ribosomes - function
oral yeast infections =
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

6. Mild respiratory infection
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Envelope proteins
double- stranded RNA
rough ER

7. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
how many degrees celsius for mold?
10 to 12
mitochondria - function
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

8. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Killed viral vaccine
golgi complex - function
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

9. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Envelope proteins
HHV-6 roseola
Serratia marcescens
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

10. Structure unique to some bacteria
endospores
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
motility of bacteria
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

11. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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12. HaemoPhilus causes....
Louis Pasteur
Proteus mirabilis
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not

13. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
M. avium intracellulare
actinomycetes (3) - description
Salmonella
Bacteria - STD

14. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Gardnerella vaginalis
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Meningococci
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

15. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Motility - protein
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

16. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
arrangements of bacteria
Epiglottitis H flu type B
<30 - military - prisons
Sporothrix schenckii

17. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Azithromycin
L1 - L2 - L3
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

18. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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19. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Vagina
Crohns or appendicitis
archaea domain
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

20. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

21. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Protozoan - STD
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Gallbladder

22. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Yersinia pestis
trichomoniasis symptoms
Pseudomonas
Prompt oral rehydration

23. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Mice - deer
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

24. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
nucleus
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

25. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Entamoeba histolytica
10 to 12
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

26. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Louis Pasteur
Strep bovis - also group D
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Bat - racoon - skunk

27. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
aerobic
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Cell Theory

28. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Schistosoma haematobium
double- stranded DNA
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

29. What does parvovirus cause
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Clonorchis sinensis
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

30. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Many treponemas
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
glycocalyx - description
H flu type B

31. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Staph saprophyticus
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)

32. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
pasteurization
Mice - deer
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation

33. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
fungi
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
flagella - function

34. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Campylocobacter jejuni
Campylobacter
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

35. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Spikes
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
ribosomes - function

36. Will show size and arrangement
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
simple staining of bacteria
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
infection process of animal viruses (6)

37. Which nematodes are ingested
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes

38. What organisms stain with silver stain
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Sacral ganglia
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Salpingitis

39. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
fungi kingdom
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Reassortment
Gallbladder

40. What bug grows on eaton's agar
germination
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
M. pneumoniae
interferon

41. Study of fungi
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
mycology
halophiles
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

42. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
H. pylori
Immediately upon exposure
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

43. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
John Needham - experiment
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor

44. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
single- stranded RNA
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

45. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Cyanophora paradoxa

46. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
H. pylori
Louis Pasteur - experiment

47. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Mononuclear cells
Teichoic acid
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

48. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Yeast - protazoan
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

49. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
gram- positive cell wall
capsid - function
Paragonimus westermani
S. aureus

50. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

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