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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Oral and esophageal thrush
Group B strep - E. coli
2. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
John Needham - experiment
cell wall - function
malaria symptoms
capsid - definition
3. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
histoplasmosis
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
4. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
S. aureus
5. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Rose gardner's
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
6. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Endosymbiotic Theory
Cryptosporidium
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
7. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
cell wall - function
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
8. Multicellular and aerobic
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
molds
Guillain barre
9. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Lepromatous
spontaneous generation example
what envelope contains
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
10. fungal infection in diabetic
Group B strep
Rapid cell division
Mucor or rhizopus
five kingdoms of microorganisms
11. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
IgG Anti - HBcAg
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
12. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
necrosis
13. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
HBC - hepatitis B
food industry
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
PHV
14. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Lymph nodes
differential staining example
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
halophiles
15. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Fungi
polyhedral shape - defintion
Capsid protein
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
16. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
cytoplasm - definition
Toxplasmosis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
17. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
glycocalyx - function
Treponema - primary syphillis
penetration (B)
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
18. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
19. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Koch's Postulates 1
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
gram stain - definition
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
20. 1 - 10 micrometers
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
prokaryotes
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
21. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Yersinia enterocolitica
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Rickettsia rickettsii
22. Ability to move via flagella
motility of bacteria
Lymph nodes
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
golgi complex - function
23. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture
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24. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
S. aureus
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
25. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
eukarya domain
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Syphillis - sexual contact
26. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
M. kansasii
double- stranded RNA
27. Will show special structures
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
red algae make
special staining of bacteria
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
28. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
histoplasmosis
Entamoeba histolytica
29. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
HBV from needle stick
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Actinomyces
30. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Type B protease IgA
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
31. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Histoplasmosis
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Oral and esophageal thrush
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
32. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
flagella - description
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
33. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
100 micrometers
arrangements - staphylo
rickettsia
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
34. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Klebsiella
lysozyme
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
35. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Koch's Postulates 3
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
36. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
microbiology
Cell Theory
CMV retinitis
endospores are resistant to (4)
37. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
arrangements - diplo
Enterobacter cloacae
spiral - spirillum
osmotic pressure
38. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Vulvuvaginitis
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Pseudomonas
gram- positive cell wall
39. Related to a fungus
Teichoic acid
Theory of Biogenesis
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
myc/myo means
40. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Guillain barre
C. diff
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
41. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Bacterial superinfection
42. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
how wine is spoiled
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Mycobacterium
Metronidazole
43. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Gonococci
Actinomyces and nocardia
44. atypical PNA
Salmonella
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
plasmolysis
45. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Group B strep - E. coli
Schistosoma haematobium
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Strep pneumo and viridans
46. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Paracoccidioidomycosis
gas gangrene
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
47. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
100 micrometers
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Aseptic meningitis
Bacterial superinfection
48. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
humans do not have
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
CMV retinitis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
49. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Clostridium tetani
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
50. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Doxycycline
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species