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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
trichomoniasis...
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

2. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
E. coli - proteus
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

3. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
algology
Campylobacter
glycocalyx - function
histoplasmosis

4. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
release (B)
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Paracoccidioidomycosis

5. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
10 to 12

6. What are the 4 phases of HIV
arrangements - staphylo
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Pasteurella multocida
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

7. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
CMV retinitis
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

8. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Between 2 and 18 months
Louis Pasteur - experiment
acid- fast organism - definition
germination

9. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Cholesterol
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

10. dog or cat bite
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
<30 - military - prisons
Pasteurella multocida
Neisseria

11. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
N. gono causing gono
Bartonella sp
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii

12. Mycotoxin
tetanus
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
eukaryotes
Negative

13. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
staining of bacteria
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
envelope is composed of...

14. bilateral bells palsy
Starts quickly and ends quickly
cell membrane - definition
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Borrelia burgdorferi

15. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Capsid protein
Fusion and entry
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
chemical synthesis...

16. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Koch's Postulates 3
tetanus
Yes

17. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
fermentation - definition
cell wall - function
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

18. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
H flu type B
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

19. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Francisella tularenis
Koch's Postulates 1
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement

20. Clusters
arrangements - staphylo
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

21. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Acid fast organisms
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

22. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
humans do not have
Toxo crosses the placenta
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

23. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
antibiotics
Acid fast organisms
S. aureus

24. What is HBeAg
Dipicolinic acid
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

25. Which are the enteroviruses
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
pseudopodia

26. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

27. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Resistant
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

28. Rod- shaped
Toxo crosses the placenta
bacillus
Parvo - single stranded
All except coxiella are via arthropod

29. Fever and chills
malaria symptoms
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

30. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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31. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Parvo - single stranded
tetanus
Tetracycline or erythromycin
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

32. What bug produces a red pigment
Serratia
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
H. flu

33. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
malaria prevention
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Borrelia recurrentis
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)

34. When is the AIDS dx made
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
chemical synthesis...
Saucer shaped yeast forms

35. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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36. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Salmonella
rough ER

37. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Pseudomonas

38. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
what peptidoglycan is composed of
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

39. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
specific
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
spontaneous generation example
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

40. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
protozoa (3)
rickettsia
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

41. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Clonorchis sinensis

42. Contains genetic material
penetration (B)
chromosome - function
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
mitochondria - function

43. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Robert Koch
icosahedron
Actinomyces
histoplasmosis

44. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Reoviridae - rotavirus
flagella - function
Clostridium perfringens
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Lower lobe
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

46. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Metronidazole
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
endospores are formed via

47. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Pregnant women
staining of bacteria

48. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Viral gastroenteritis
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Klebsiella granulomatis
not acid- fast - colo

49. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
fermentation - definition
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Paragonimus westermani

50. Structure unique to some bacteria
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
endospores
ASO titer
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate