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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 25 celsius
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Lymph nodes
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Lower lobe

2. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Sexual activity - but not an STI
pasteurization

3. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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4. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Syphillis - sexual contact

5. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Croup - seal like barking cough
five fields of microbiology
algae characteristics (3)
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

6. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
endospores are resistant to (4)
Motility - protein
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

7. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
bacteriophage - definition
M. pneumoniae
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Group B strep

8. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
penetration (AV)
Parvo - single stranded
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus

9. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
E. Coli
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Killed/inactivated

10. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Clindamycin or ampicillin
H flu type B
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

11. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
HHV-6 roseola
Virbrio cholera
Parvo - single stranded

12. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
oral yeast infections =
Schistosoma mansori

13. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Shigella
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

14. What does parvovirus cause
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

15. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
rickettsia
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
IVDU
staining of bacteria

16. Minor changes based on random mutation
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Genetic drift - epidemic
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

17. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
glycocalyx - function
Metronidazole

18. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
archaea domain

19. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Parvo - single stranded
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
M. avium intracellulare

20. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
prokaryotes
Echinococcus granulosus
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Theory of Biogenesis

21. rubella - lots of spots
PHV
M. avium intracellulare
endocytosis...
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

22. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
five fields of microbiology
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
methanogens
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not

23. What is HBeAg
PCR/Viral load
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
protozoology

24. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Paramyxovirus; measles
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
chloroplasts - function

25. What does group B strep cause
Parvo - single stranded
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
gram- positive cell wall
C tetani

26. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Motility - protein
anaerobic
R. prowazekii
Salmonella

27. Multicellular and aerobic
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
John Needham - experiment
Influenza virus
molds

28. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Bacteria - STD
Yes
Dipicolinic acid

29. What does catalase do
Koch's Postulates 1
malaria
uncoating (AV)
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

30. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
HIV - sexual
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Metabolic activity without division

31. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
S. aureus
Actinomyces and nocardia
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
spiral - spirillum

32. atypical PNA
cytoplasm - definition
peptidoglycan - definition
molds
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia

33. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
chemical synthesis...
Common cold
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

34. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Neuraminidase
coccus
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Theory of Biogenesis

35. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
Nematode in undercooked meat
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR

36. Which DNA viruses are not linear
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

37. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
Cyanophora paradoxa
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Negative
assembly (AV)

38. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Clostridia
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

39. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Acid fast organisms
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
cell wall - function
what many pathogenic fungi are

40. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Bat - racoon - skunk
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

41. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
PCR/Viral load
Protein A - S. aureus
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

42. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
Group B strep
H flu type B
Strep pneumo and viridans
prokaryotes

43. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
fungi kingdom
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants

44. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
DNA hepadnavirus
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Genetic shift - pandemic
Salmonella

45. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
simple staining of bacteria
Severe bacteremia - death
flagella - function

46. What is in pneumovax
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

47. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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48. What bug produces a red pigment
envelope is composed of...
endospores are formed via
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Serratia

49. When is H flu vaccine give
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Bacterial superinfection
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Between 2 and 18 months

50. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
All of them