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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
viral shapes
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
capsid is composed of...
2. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
aerobic
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
E. Coli
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
3. Grow in very hot conditions
eukaryotes
Staph saprophyticus
Vulvuvaginitis
hyperthermophiles
4. What is the TX for sporthrix
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
hypertonic solution
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Pregnant women
5. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
Owl's eye inculsions
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
gram- positive cell wall
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
6. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
chromosome - description
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Recombination
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
7. What is the technique to visualize treponema
HIV - sexual
myc/myo means
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
five kingdoms of microorganisms
8. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Palivizumab
Rifampin
Metronidazole
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
9. How is legionella detected clinically
Antigen in urine
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Common cold and SARS
Genetic drift - epidemic
10. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
60%; viruses
plasmolysis
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
11. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Lepromatous
Pseudomonas
12. What animals carry rabies virus
Bat - racoon - skunk
oral yeast infections =
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
13. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Campylocobacter jejuni
ABC
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
14. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
15. Which are the enteroviruses
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
double- stranded RNA
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
16. neutropenic pts
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Motility - protein
Candida and aspergillus
17. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
osmotic lysis
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
18. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
flaccid paralysis
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Aseptic meningitis
19. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
20. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
gram- positive cell wall
glycocalyx - function
Actic polymerization
Actinomyces isreallii
21. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Surfers in the tropics
S. aureus
halophiles
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
22. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Toxo crosses the placenta
Dark field microscopy
Silver stain
Pseudomonas
23. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
facultative
they are eukaryotes
Gonococci
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
24. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Legionella
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
lysis
25. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Aseptic meningitis
spontaneous generation
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
differential staining example
26. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
osmotic pressure
Immediately upon exposure
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
plasmolysis
27. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
endocytosis...
release (AV)
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
28. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
uncoating (AV)
R. typhi
HDV
29. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
30. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Fungi
HBV
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Children
31. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
trichomoniasis...
pasteurization
Children
32. Mycotoxin
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
33. Thrush
oral yeast infections =
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
E. coli - proteus
flagella
34. Size - cell structure - replication
10%; viral
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Starts quickly and ends quickly
algology
35. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Salmonella
No - erythromycin
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
36. Related to a fungus
specialized flagella
B cells
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
myc/myo means
37. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Avain resevoir
Anti - HBsAb
38. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
tetanus
39. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
40. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
41. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Shigella
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
42. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
virology
Klebsiella pneumo
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
3 groups in archaea
43. What is in pneumovax
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Cmv
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
44. Rupturing of cell
release (B)
Viridans group streptococci
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
lysis
45. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
HIV - malnutrition - death
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
CMV - RSV
Beta hemolytic
46. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
Clostridium perfringens
what many pathogenic fungi are
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
47. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
H. pylori
golgi complex - function
viral shapes
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
48. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Oral and esophageal thrush
Strep bovis - also group D
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
49. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Candida
Ancylostoma - necator
Only borrelia
50. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
PCR/Viral load
osmotic pressure