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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
chemical synthesis...
Lower lobe
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
2. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
facultative
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
M. tuberculosis
3. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Starts quickly and ends quickly
All of them
single- stranded DNA
4. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
flagella - function
5. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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6. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Rifampin
Meningococci
Cryptococcus neoformans
7. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
differential staining of bacteria
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
8. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
arrangements of bacteria
production of beer and wine
JC virus causing PML
replication (AV)
9. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
assembly (AV)
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
10. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Staph or enteric GNR
Attachment to host T cell
Borrelia recurrentis
11. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
trichomoniasis symptoms
Reassortment
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
12. What are VRE and What do they cause
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
JC virus causing PML
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
13. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
No cell wall
B. cereus
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
14. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
pseudopodia
Echinococcus granulosus
Nucleus - except parvovirus
15. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
interferon
replication for eukaryotes
16. Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
HBC - hepatitis B
17. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
glycocalyx - function
18. What happens in tertiary syphillis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Syphillis - sexual contact
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
19. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host
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20. What C. diptheria grows on...
botulism
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
structures of prokaryotic cell
Tellurite agar
21. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
taxonomic hierarchy
ribosomes - function
cell wall - function
22. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Parvoviridae
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
23. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
methanogens
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
10%; viral
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
24. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Haematobium - bladder
polyhedral shape - defintion
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
25. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
specialized flagella
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
D- K
Yes
26. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Pregnant women
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
27. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
candidiasis
H. flu
28. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Transformation or competence
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
29. What are the symptoms of diptheria
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
30. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Only humoral - stable
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Legionella
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
31. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
CMV
Sexual activity - but not an STI
32. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
E. coli
coccus
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
33. What bug produces a yellow pigment
S. aureus
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
spiral - spirochete
34. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Koch's Postulates 1
medical important mycobacteria
35. Which are the enteroviruses
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
halophiles
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
B cells
36. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
acid- fast organism - definition
37. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Group B strep - E. coli
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
38. What bugs are urease pos
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
single- stranded RNA
Virbrio cholera
39. Binary fission + cytokinesis
replication for prokaryotes
Reassortment
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
40. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Francesco Redi
Campylobacter
41. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Severe bacteremia - death
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
42. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
R. prowazekii
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
N. gono causing gono
43. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
motility of bacteria
Cyanophora paradoxa
Salmonella
44. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
Fungi
Measles rubeola - measles
microaerophilic
assembly (AV)
45. ____ do no treat viral infections
Group B strep
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
antibiotics
Envelope proteins
46. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Cholesterol
molds
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Type B protease IgA
47. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
three domains of microorganisms
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Epiglottitis H flu type B
48. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
giardia
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Metronidazole
49. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
fungi
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
50. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
importance of microorganisms
Endosymbiotic Theory
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Reassortment
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