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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
interferon
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

2. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

3. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Acid fast organisms
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Tellurite agar

4. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Protozoan - STD
Campylocobacter jejuni
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
icosahedron

5. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Campylocobacter jejuni
envelope - definition

6. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Nocardia asteroides
Meningococci
Bacteria - STD
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

7. What does p24 do
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Capsid protein
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

8. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Group B strep - E. coli
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

9. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
nucleic acid
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
capsid is composed of...

10. bilateral bells palsy
production of beer and wine
taxonomic hierarchy
Borrelia burgdorferi
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

11. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
All of them

12. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Salmonella
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
adsorption (B)
Mumps virus - mumps

13. What does aspergillus cause

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14. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
C. perfringens
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Prompt oral rehydration

15. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
HIV - AIDS
Pasteurella multocida
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

16. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
L1 - L2 - L3
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Gardnerella vaginalis

17. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Haematobium - bladder
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
adsorption (B)

18. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
N. gono causing gono
Sacral ganglia
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

19. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
production of beer and wine
germination

20. What bug produces a red pigment
Serratia
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Rubella german measles
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

21. What are the lab findings for cholera
fungi kingdom
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Teichoic acid
VZV - chickenpox

22. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Schistosoma haematobium
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria

23. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

24. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
John Needham - experiment
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Group B strep

25. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Louis Pasteur
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Viral gastroenteritis

26. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
N. gono causing gono
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

27. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
food industry
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

28. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

29. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
prokaryotes
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
arrangements - strepto...
monera kingdom

30. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Meningococci
pili - function
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

31. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Gambiense - rhodesiense
chloroplasts - function
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

32. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Actinomyces
C. botulinum

33. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Borrelia burgdorferi
Avain resevoir

34. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
HDV
Koch's Postulates 2
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis

35. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Teichoic acid
EBV
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Plasmodium

36. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Dark field microscopy
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
plasmid - definition

37. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
actinomycetes (3) - description
HHV 6 - roseola
Common cold
uncoating (AV)

38. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

39. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Elevated CRP and ESR
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

40. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Francesco Redi - experiment
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
coccus

41. Chains
medical important mycobacteria
arrangements - strepto...
algae characteristics (3)
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

42. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
basic shapes of bacteria
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV

43. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
replication (B)

44. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
interferon
CMV retinitis
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

45. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Koch's Postulates 1
flagella - function
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

46. Some algae
Meningococci
Robert Hooke
Pseudomonas
plant kingdom

47. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
<30 - military - prisons
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Tellurite agar

48. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
lysozyme
No envelope

49. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

50. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Streptococcus mutans
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Elevated CRP and ESR