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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas
Severe pneumonia

2. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
gram- positive stain - explanation
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Nucleus - except parvovirus

3. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
histoplasmosis
differential staining of bacteria
Food - fingers - feces - flies
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

4. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
endospores - definition
Virbrio cholera

5. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Rubella - respiratory droplets
complex virus example
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Koch's Postulates 2

6. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
flagella - function
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
biggest danger of toxplasmosis

7. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
flaccid paralysis
Cigar shaped yeast
Mumps virus - mumps
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

8. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
CMV - RSV
chromosome - description
Lymph nodes

9. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Yes
Clostridium botulinum
Neisseria
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN

10. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Bacillus anthracis
Does not ferment sorbitol
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Pox - complex

11. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Protozoan - STD
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Salpingitis
lipids (fats) =

12. varicella - lots of spots
Borrelia burgdorferi
cilia
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

13. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

14. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Guillain barre
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Envelope proteins
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

15. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Candida albicans
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Gonococci
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

16. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Guillain barre
VZV - chickenpox
pseudopodia

17. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
algae characteristics (3)
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)

18. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
HBV from needle stick
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
eukaryotes

19. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
H flu type B
HHV-6 roseola
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

20. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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21. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor

22. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Robert Hooke
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

23. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Lepromatous

24. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Metronidazole
Palivizumab
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

25. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Yersinia pestis

26. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Lower lobe

27. Problem with food preservation - canning
Ring enhancing brain lesions
spontaneous generation example
botulism
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

28. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
C. perfringens
endospores are resistant to (4)
glycocalyx - description
Teichoic acid

29. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Virbrio cholera
Protozoan - STD
golgi complex - function

30. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
amoebic dynsentry
histoplasmosis
John Needham
Staph or enteric GNR

31. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Actinomyces isreallii
Motility - protein
mycoplasma (5) - description
S. aureus

32. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Elevated CRP and ESR
release (AV)

33. Purple
100 micrometers
Mucor or rhizopus
gram- positive stain - color
C. diff

34. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Rubella german measles
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
icosahedron
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

35. What is the Ghon complex
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Transformation or competence
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

36. What is the TX for h pylori
Unimmunised kids
CMV retinitis
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
HAV - RNA picornavirus

37. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
interferon
facultative
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma

38. bilateral bells palsy
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Borrelia burgdorferi
arrangements - diplo
chloroplasts - function

39. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
VZV - chickenpox
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

40. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Motility - protein
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

41. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
B cells
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Borrelia recurrentis

42. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Metronidazole
All of them
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

43. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
cilia
10 to 12
H. flu
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

44. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
candidiasis
lysozyme
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Actic polymerization

45. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
motility of bacteria
cell wall - function
biogenesis

46. Requires absence of oxygen
gram- negative stain - explanation
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
anaerobic
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole

47. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
malaria
Malignant otitis externa

48. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Rapid cell division
Paramyxovirus; measles
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

49. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Teichoic acid
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

50. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
spiral - vibrio