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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Robert Koch
Immediately upon exposure
oral yeast infections =
Nocardia asteroides

2. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Type B protease IgA
Protozoan - STD
lysozyme
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

3. currant jelly sputum
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Klebsiella
gram- negative stain - color
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans

4. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
penetration (B)
simple staining of bacteria
flaccid paralysis
facultative

5. Herpes - warts
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
double- stranded DNA
Food - fingers - feces - flies
fimbriae - function

6. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
botulism
Borrelia recurrentis

7. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Clostridium perfringens
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

8. What happens in secondary syphillis
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
aerobic
Koch's Postulates 1
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

9. 70S = 30S + 50S
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV

10. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

11. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
trichomoniasis...

12. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
capsid is composed of...
EBV
endospores are formed via
eukaryotes

13. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Anti - HBsAb
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

14. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
peptidoglycan - definition
not acid- fast - colo
Muramic acid

15. pos PAS stain

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16. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Toxplasmosis
three domains of microorganisms
ribosomes - function
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

17. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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18. What is the TX for candidiasis
Schistosoma haematobium
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen

19. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Salmonella
how do viruses take over a host cell?
C. perfringens

20. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Francisella tularenis
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

21. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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22. What is the nl flora of the vagina
envelope - definition
B. cereus
E. coli - proteus
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

23. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
fungi kingdom
acid- fast - color
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not

24. 25 celsius
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
M. kansasii
cilia
how many degrees celsius for mold?

25. May carry genes for antibiotic resistance - toxin production - synthesis of enzymes
golgi complex - function
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
plasmid - function
single- stranded RNA

26. PNA in CF - burn
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
ASO titer
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Pseudomonas

27. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
No - erythromycin
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen

28. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Many treponemas
C. diff
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
malaria prevention

29. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Dipoid RNA
chromosome - description
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Pasteurella multocida

30. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
histoplasmosis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

31. What are the killed viral vaccines
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Azithromycin
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
HBC - hepatitis B

32. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
endospores
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Malignant otitis externa

33. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
animal kingdom
Unimmunised kids

34. Chains
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
arrangements - strepto...
chromosomes in nucleus are...

35. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Yes
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

36. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Proteus mirabilis
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease

37. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
gram- negative cell wall
Rose gardner's
Proteus mirabilis
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)

38. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
endospores are formed via
amoebic dynsentry

39. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Brucella sp
Genetic shift - pandemic
specific
Toxo crosses the placenta

40. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
fungi kingdom
histoplasmosis
Chronic disease - positive during window period
10 to 12

41. Histoplasmosis
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
protozoa (3)
many humans would test antibody positive for this
animal kingdom

42. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Salmonella
Koch's Postulates 4
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
virus example

43. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
microbiology
Doxycycline
S. aureus

44. portal HTN - parasite
they are eukaryotes
Schistosoma mansori
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

45. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Protozoan - STD
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

46. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Mononuclear cells
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

47. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Malignant otitis externa
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

48. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
three domains of microorganisms
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Croup - seal like barking cough
Lactose fermenting enterics

49. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin

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50. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice