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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the lab findings for cholera
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Actinomyces israeli
Plasmodium

2. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
protista kingdom
S. aureus
Cmv
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

3. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

4. What can PID cause
H. flu
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
trichomoniasis...

5. In who does HEV have high mortality
Schistosoma haematobium
they are eukaryotes
Pregnant women
Parvo - single stranded

6. What is the triad of HUS
Borrelia burgdorferi
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Measles

7. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Salmonella
Clostridium perfringens
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
icosahedron

8. Comma- shaped
Pneumoniae and psittaci
spiral - vibrio
Antigen in vaccines
Streptococcus - staphylococus

9. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
HAV - RNA picornavirus
No - erythromycin
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

10. No metabolic activity
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
dormant
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella

11. What stain shows legionella
Salpingitis
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
penetration (B)
Silver stain

12. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

13. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
plasmolysis
Aseptic meningitis
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Clonorchis sinensis

14. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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15. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii

16. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
gram stain - definition
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Bacillus anthracis

17. What bugs are urease pos
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

18. What is Anti - HBeAg
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

19. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
viral shapes
E. coli 0157:H7
how wine is spoiled
Campylocobacter jejuni

20. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
medical important mycobacteria
Enterobacter cloacae
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

21. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
replication (AV)
Mycoplasma - have sterols
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

22. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
plasmid - function
HHV 6 - roseola

23. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Clonorchis sinensis
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Klebsiella

24. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
mitochondria - function
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
E. Coli
envelope is composed of...

25. What is the TX for sporthrix
Pen
double- stranded RNA
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Group B strep - E. coli

26. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Metronidazole
Neisseria
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

27. What does M protein do - who has it
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Anaerobes
Aseptic meningitis

28. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
gram- negative cell wall
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
No envelope
Bordetella pertussis

29. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
envelope is composed of...
Group B strep
Ring enhancing brain lesions

30. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
antibiotics

31. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
gram- negative cell wall
JC virus causing PML
archaea domain

32. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Metronidazole
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Many treponemas
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

33. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Type B protease IgA
Gardnerella vaginalis
Legionella
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts

34. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Chlamydia trachomatis
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

35. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
endospores
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
HDV
hypotonic solution

36. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
differential staining example
Sporothrix schenckii
Rickettsia rickettsii
Parvo - single stranded

37. bilateral bells palsy
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Borrelia burgdorferi
Plasmodium
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

38. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Haematobium - bladder
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
E. Coli
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

39. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
chromosome - function
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
C. perfringens

40. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
gram- positive stain - color
they are eukaryotes
Echinococcus granulosus
uncoating (AV)

41. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
endospores are resistant to (4)
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Reassortment
microbiology

42. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
10%; viral
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation

43. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Strep bovis - also group D
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

44. What is the H flu vaccine
<30 - military - prisons
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Hemagluttin
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

45. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
acid- fast organism - definition
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
endospores are formed via

46. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Rapid cell division
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
S - definition
hypertonic solution

47. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
HEV
Envelope proteins
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

48. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
red tide
fermentation - definition
staining of bacteria

49. meningitis in >60
Meningococci
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

50. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
protista kingdom
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
chemical synthesis...
biggest danger of toxplasmosis