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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
No envelope
malaria prevention
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

2. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Meningococci
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Koch's Postulates 3

3. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Cigar shaped yeast
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

4. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
M. tuberculosis
<30 - military - prisons
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

5. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
they are eukaryotes
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Clostridium botulinum
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.

6. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Strep bovis - also group D
Dipicolinic acid
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

7. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
C. perfringens
HCV

8. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
food thickeners
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Sterility
Weil Felix test

9. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Klebsiella pneumo
gas gangrene
Mumps virus - mumps
EBV

10. Study of algae
how wine is spoiled
algology
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

11. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Bat - racoon - skunk
bacteria domain

12. What does group B strep cause
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
complex virus example
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

13. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Killed/inactivated
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
malaria symptoms
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

14. What bug produces a red pigment
Genetic shift - pandemic
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
flagella - description
Serratia

15. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Clostridia
HEV
Reassortment

16. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
ABC
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
uncoating (AV)
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

17. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
pasteurization
replication (B)
Envelope proteins

18. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
H. pylori
R. typhi
EBV
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

19. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

20. Clusters
adsorption (AV)
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
arrangements - staphylo
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

21. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
EBV
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Salmonella

22. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
smooth ER
Influenza virus
plasmid - function

23. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
B cells
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Koch's Postulates 4

24. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
HBC - hepatitis B
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Yeast - protazoan

25. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
adsorption (B)
protozoan infections (5)

26. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
H flu
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Yes
Mumps virus - mumps

27. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

28. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

29. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

30. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Koch's Postulates 1
Rabies

31. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Borrelia burgdorferi

32. What does p24 do
Mumps virus - mumps
Elevated CRP and ESR
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Capsid protein

33. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Louis Pasteur
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Lymph nodes

34. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
60%; viruses
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
amoebic dynsentry
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

35. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
candidiasis
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
ribosomes - function

36. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Genetic drift - epidemic
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
genus

37. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool

38. health care provider
HBV from needle stick
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

39. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Proteus mirabilis
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
specific
HDV

40. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
flagella
capsid is composed of...
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella

41. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
envelope - definition
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Yersinia pestis

42. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
Gallbladder
Pasteurella multocida
gram- negative stain - explanation
Pseudomonas

43. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
gram- positive stain - explanation
No envelope
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
release (AV)

44. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Specialized transduction - an excision event
five fields of microbiology
Gonococci
Histoplasmosis

45. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
endocytosis...
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

46. What is a positive Monospot test
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
microbiology
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

47. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
pasteurization
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
bacteriophage - definition

48. yeast infection
Rapid cell division
candidiasis
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Elementary body

49. What happens in secondary syphillis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Rifampin
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

50. All living things are composed of cells
Cell Theory
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
chromosome - description