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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
H flu
Clostridium botulinum

2. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
CMV

3. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Serratia
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Resistant

4. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
8 - orthomyoxovirus
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

5. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Beta hemolytic
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Genetic shift - pandemic
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia

6. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
eukarya domain
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Malignant otitis externa

7. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
Malignant otitis externa
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
H. pylori
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis

8. PNA in CF - burn
Pseudomonas
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

9. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Rubella german measles
Mononuclear cells
Paragonimus westermani
CMV - RSV

10. traumatic open wound
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
C. perfringens
biogenesis
malaria prevention

11. What organisms stain with silver stain
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Campylocobacter jejuni
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella

12. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Salmonella
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Lymph nodes

13. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
nucleic acid
trichomoniasis...

14. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
EBV
Louis Pasteur - experiment

15. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
chloroplasts - function
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Pseudomonas

16. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
arrangements of bacteria
Borrelia recurrentis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

17. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
differential staining of bacteria
many humans would test antibody positive for this
simple staining of bacteria
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

18. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
HIV - sexual
Pets - treat with topical azoles
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
genus

19. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Clostridium perfringens
HIV - malnutrition - death
Entamoeba hisotlytica

20. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
food industry
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
rickettsia
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

21. What kind of genome does HIV have
Actinomyces isreallii
Pasteurella multocida
Pseudomonas
Dipoid RNA

22. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
mycology
B. cereus

23. Multicellular and aerobic
molds
R. prowazekii
Paragonimus westermani
Metabolic activity without division

24. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Entamoeba hisotlytica
fungal infection examples (3)
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Salpingitis

25. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
replication for prokaryotes
Salmonella
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
gram- positive cell wall

26. What does rubeloa virus cause
differential staining example
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
specialized flagella
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

27. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Azithromycin
Palivizumab
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
archaea domain

28. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Metronidazole
bacteriophage - definition
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

29. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Actic polymerization

30. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
EBV
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
HBV from needle stick

31. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
adsorption (AV)
Pen

32. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Bacterial superinfection
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Azithromycin
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

33. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Lepromatous
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Double zone of hemolysis
Cryptococcus neoformans

34. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Legionella
Neisseria
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
HAV - RNA picornavirus

35. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Rubella - respiratory droplets
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
endospores - definition

36. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
penetration (B)
flagella - function
Pen

37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
spiral
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Acute/recent infection
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

38. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
chlamydia
Elevated CRP and ESR
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Pasteurella multocida

39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
H. pylori
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen

40. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia

41. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Spikes
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
assembly (B)

42. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Strep bovis - also group D
helical shape - definition
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

43. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Haematobium - bladder
Genetic shift - pandemic
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Type B protease IgA

44. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
three domains of microorganisms
plasmolysis

45. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1 - L2 - L3
histoplasmosis
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
they are eukaryotes

46. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
uncoating (AV)
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life

47. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Bartonella henselae
Resistant
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine

48. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
replication for eukaryotes
No envelope
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma

49. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Between 2 and 18 months

50. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Pneumocystis jerovici
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US