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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
cytoplasm - definition

2. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Cigar shaped yeast
Treponema
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

3. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Treponema
S - definition

4. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Chronic disease - positive during window period
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

5. What is gardnerella associated with
Sexual activity - but not an STI
EBV
envelope - definition
E. coli 0157:H7

6. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Sporothrix schenckii
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

7. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
malaria symptoms
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
oral yeast infections =
chlamydia

8. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Palivizumab
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
R. prowazekii

9. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Virbrio cholera
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Sterility
how wine is spoiled

10. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
cell wall - function
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

11. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
endospores are resistant to (4)
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Nucleus - except parvovirus

12. Simple - special - and differential
red algae make
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
staining of bacteria
Elevated CRP and ESR

13. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
oxygen requirements of bacteria
H flu type B
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

14. What does poxvirus cause

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15. PNA in elderly
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Sterility
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

16. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Pasteurella multocida

17. Some algae
plant kingdom
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
replication (B)
flaccid paralysis

18. Sporulation
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
endospores are formed via
Gardnerella vaginalis

19. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
Brucella sp
HDV
nucleic acid
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

20. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
basic shapes of bacteria
assembly (B)
trichomoniasis symptoms
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

21. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
S. aureus
Klebsiella pneumo
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole

22. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
monera kingdom
R. typhi
Heat labile toxin
chromosome - function

23. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Staph make it - strep don't

24. How are rickettsiae transmitted
HIV - malnutrition - death
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Mice - deer

25. Study of fungi
mycology
Between 2 and 18 months
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Entertoxigenic E. coli

26. What C. diptheria grows on...
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Tellurite agar

27. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Treponema - primary syphillis
fimbriae - function
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

28. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Francesco Redi
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
ASO titer

29. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

30. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
mycoplasma (5) - description
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
M. kansasii
Animal - except typhi - only in humans

31. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
flagella
Trigeminal ganglia
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Rickettsia rickettsii

32. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Gambiense - rhodesiense
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Tetracycline or erythromycin

33. B12 def - parasite
Diphyllobothrium latum
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

34. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
fungal infection examples (3)
No cell wall
HEV
E. Coli

35. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus

36. Which are the herpesviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Bacterial superinfection
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

37. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
arrangements of bacteria
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Nocardia asteroides
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

38. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Protozoan - STD
S. aureus
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

39. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
gram- negative stain - explanation
Yersinia pestis
Borrelia recurrentis
Acid fast organisms

40. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
Reassortment
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
C tetani
Aseptic meningitis

41. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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42. What does aspergillus cause

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43. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Azithromycin
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

44. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Lymph nodes
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

45. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

46. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Meningococci

47. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
E. Coli
Streptococcus - staphylococus
microbiology
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

48. What does M protein do - who has it
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Avain resevoir
food industry
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

49. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
halophiles
Rabies
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
C. diptheriae

50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Staph or enteric GNR
Pseudemonas aeruginosa