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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Crohns or appendicitis
Pasteurella multocida
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
single- stranded DNA

2. Describe the rabies virus
Clonorchis sinensis
histoplasmosis
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Sporothrix schenckii

3. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Pasteurella multocida
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

4. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate

5. What does salmonella typhi cause
replication (AV)
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Protozoan - STD

6. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
algology
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

7. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Mycoplasma

8. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

9. Prokaryotes
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
bacteria domain
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

10. What can PID cause
peptidoglycan - definition
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

11. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
pasteurization
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
S. aureus
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

12. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Cryptosporidium
ribosomes - function
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

13. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Acute/recent infection
cytoplasm - definition
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

14. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
cilia
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
anaerobic
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

15. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

16. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Elevated CRP and ESR
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Trigeminal ganglia
Anti - HAVAb IgM

17. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Bartonella henselae
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

18. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
trichomoniasis symptoms
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

19. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Measles rubeola - measles
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin

20. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
rough ER
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Acute/recent infection
Vagina

21. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
release (AV)

22. neutropenic pts
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Candida and aspergillus
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

23. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
Schistosoma mansori
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
glycocalyx - description
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

24. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Resistant
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
E. coli

25. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Rickettsia rickettsii
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

26. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
fungi
HIV - malnutrition - death
hypertonic solution
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

27. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
osmotic pressure
Pasteurella multocida
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

28. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Yeast - protazoan
Legionella
Influenza virus

29. hemoptysis - parasite
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Paragonimus westermani
peptidoglycan - definition
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

30. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
E. coli - proteus
gram- negative stain - color
HDV
Borrelia recurrentis

31. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
single- stranded DNA
Neuraminidase

32. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

33. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
glycocalyx - function
Bartonella henselae
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec

34. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

35. Requires presence of oxygen
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
red tide
aerobic
facultative

36. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
helical shape - definition
cell wall - function
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

37. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
IgG Anti - HBcAg
three domains of microorganisms
Paragonimus westermani

38. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
glycocalyx - function
replication (B)
peptidoglycan - definition
differential staining example

39. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
S. aureus
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
virus example

40. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
100 micrometers
bacillus
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

41. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
L1 - L2 - L3
virus example
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

42. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Only borrelia
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis

43. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
flagella
Chlamydia trachomatis
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

44. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
M. kansasii
simple staining of bacteria
oral yeast infections =

45. varicella - lots of spots
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Mycobacterium

46. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Actinomyces and nocardia
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
L1 - L2 - L3
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

47. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Actinomyces israeli
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Legionella
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

48. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
HBC - hepatitis B
capsid - function
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
pseudopodia

49. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

50. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
gram- negative stain - color