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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
IVDU
malaria prevention

2. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Staph make it - strep don't
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

3. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
three domains of microorganisms
Weil Felix test
HHV-8 - KS

4. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Weil Felix test
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

5. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Capsid protein
Actinomyces
Actic polymerization
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

6. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
microbiology
Mice - deer
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Salmonella typhi

7. How do bacterial capsules function
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

8. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
R. prowazekii
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Epiglottitis H flu type B

9. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
bacteriophage - definition
actinomycetes (3) - description
eukarya domain
Streptococcus - staphylococus

10. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
structures of prokaryotic cell
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
flagella - description

11. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Beta hemolytic
Diphyllobothrium latum
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

12. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
golgi complex - function
actinomycetes (3) - description
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
H flu type B

13. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
fermentation - definition
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

14. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
chlamydia
Avain resevoir
N. gono causing gono
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

15. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Antigen in vaccines
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

16. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
capsid - definition
E. coli - proteus

17. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
fungi kingdom
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

18. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Lower lobe
Resistant
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

19. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Severe pneumonia
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Bacillus anthracis
Staph saprophyticus

20. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
No - erythromycin
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts

21. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
malaria symptoms

22. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
C. diptheriae
fungi
Candida
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

23. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Staph or H. flu
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Shigella
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not

24. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
Acid fast organisms
CMV - RSV
Protein A - S. aureus
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

25. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
D- K
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

26. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
replication (AV)
Brucella sp
All of them

27. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Mononuclear cells
John Needham
bacteriophage - definition

28. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

29. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Koch's Postulates 4
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

30. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

31. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Parvo - single stranded
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

32. Grow in very hot conditions
Pseudomonas
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
hyperthermophiles
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

33. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
M. kansasii
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
they are eukaryotes

34. Herpes - warts
Legionella
adsorption (B)
Staph make it - strep don't
double- stranded DNA

35. When do gram pos rods form spores
When nutriets are limited
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
S. epidermidis
H. flu

36. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Pseudomonas
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

37. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
biogenesis
No envelope
fermentation - definition
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis

38. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Pneumocystis jerovici
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
R. typhi
M. kansasii

39. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
osmotic pressure
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Candida and aspergillus

40. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

41. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Candida and aspergillus
Rickettsia rickettsii
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec

42. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
endospores are resistant to (4)
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Plasmodium
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

43. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Klebsiella granulomatis
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

44. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Paramyxovirus; measles
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
L1 - L2 - L3
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

45. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
penetration (AV)
PCR/Viral load

46. trophozoite ring form in RBC
differential staining of bacteria
Toxplasmosis
Plasmodium
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

47. roseola - lots of spots
Silver stain
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
specific

48. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Koch's Postulates 2
release (B)
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
3 groups in archaea

49. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Genetic shift - pandemic

50. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Salmonella
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
HCV