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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does group B strep cause
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
yeast
amoebic dynsentry
2. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Genetic shift - pandemic
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
3. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
D- K
4. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Neisseria
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
5. PNA in elderly
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Dark field microscopy
6. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
7. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
food thickeners
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
8. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
9. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Sporothrix schenckii
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
10. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Pox - complex
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
11. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
giardia
12. painless chancre - org and dz
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Treponema - primary syphillis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
13. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
osmotic lysis
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Mononuclear cells
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
14. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Superantigen
adsorption (AV)
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
15. pediatric infxn
Cholesterol
spiral - spirochete
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
H flu
16. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Crohns or appendicitis
eukaryotic organelles (5)
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
17. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
biogenesis
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Doxycycline
18. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
Immediately upon exposure
importance of microorganisms
endospores are resistant to (4)
M. avium intracellulare
19. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
20. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
capsid - definition
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
21. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
polyhedral shape - defintion
22. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
gram stain - definition
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
23. Virus is engulfed by host cell
endocytosis...
endospores - definition
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
24. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
cilia
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
25. What are the gram pos bacilli
Pseudomonas
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
26. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
commercial applications
Gonococci
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
27. What C. diptheria grows on...
D- K
Tellurite agar
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
E. coli
28. What is the nl flora on the skin
S. epidermidis
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Candida albicans
icosahedron
29. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
C. perfringens
Strep pneumo and viridans
giardia
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
30. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
protozoan infections (5)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
31. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Oral and esophageal thrush
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
32. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
red tide
Vulvuvaginitis
germination
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
33. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
endospores
Many treponemas
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
34. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Bacterial superinfection
Actinomyces isreallii
cell wall - function
35. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
fermentation - definition
Common cold
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
36. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
pasteurization
37. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Cyanophora paradoxa
Nocardia asteroides
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
viruses
38. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
ribosomes - function
10 to 12
ASO titer
39. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
mycolic acid - definition
Food - fingers - feces - flies
No cell wall
endospores - definition
40. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Clostridia
eukarya domain
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
41. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Reassortment
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
42. 25 celsius
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Prompt oral rehydration
Candida
how many degrees celsius for mold?
43. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
hypertonic solution
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
endospores are resistant to (4)
44. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
IVDU
B. cereus
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
45. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
S. aureus
46. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
HBC - hepatitis B
gram- negative stain - explanation
47. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Syphillis - sexual contact
monera kingdom
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
48. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
endocytosis...
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Double zone of hemolysis
49. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
Mycoplasma
ribosomes - function
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
flagella - function
50. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Tellurite agar
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months