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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
adsorption (AV)
antibiotics
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

2. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Actic polymerization
S. aureus
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

3. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
H flu
Avain resevoir
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)

4. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
gram- positive cell wall
Palivizumab
mycology

5. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Gardnerella vaginalis

6. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
No envelope
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
pseudopodia

7. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
nucleus
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Aerosal - from environmental water source
M. tuberculosis

8. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Clostridium perfringens
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

9. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
C. botulinum
Clostridia
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Saucer shaped yeast forms

10. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Staph or H. flu
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
HBV from needle stick

11. Bacteriophage
complex virus example
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
mycolic acid - definition
HHV-8 - KS

12. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Severe bacteremia - death
cytoplasm - definition
endospores are resistant to (4)

13. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
rough ER
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
R. prowazekii

14. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

15. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
adsorption (AV)
Rickettsia rickettsii

16. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease

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17. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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18. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
replication for prokaryotes
red tide
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts

19. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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20. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
CMV
Gardnerella vaginalis
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

21. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
assembly (B)
Enterobacter cloacae
Pseudomonas

22. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Klebsiella
specific
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Mycoplasma - have sterols

23. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Transformation or competence
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Oral and esophageal thrush

24. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

25. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Yersinia pestis
Dark field microscopy

26. yeast infection
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Klebsiella
candidiasis

27. What is in pneumovax
Robert Koch
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Mycoplasma

28. What is the triad of HUS
M. kansasii
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Candida albicans

29. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
endospores - definition
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
arrangements - diplo

30. What does gp41 do
malaria
Candida
Fusion and entry
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)

31. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Elementary body
single- stranded DNA
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
facultative

32. Clusters
arrangements - staphylo
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Reassortment

33. varicella - lots of spots
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
animal kingdom
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

34. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Syphillis - sexual contact
C tetani
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

35. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Enterobacter cloacae
Salmonella typhi
Clostridium perfringens
Treponema - primary syphillis

36. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Rabies
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

37. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
S - definition
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Fungi
Neisseria

38. When is the AIDS dx made
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Strep pneumo and viridans
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5

39. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
E. coli
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
nucleus
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)

40. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
capsid - definition
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather

41. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Borrelia burgdorferi
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Haematobium - bladder
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease

42. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
S. aureus
Rubella

43. What does M protein do - who has it
No envelope
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
botulism

44. Study of algae
fermentation - definition
IVDU
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
algology

45. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

46. Unicellular and facultative
Yeast - protazoan
Pseudomonas
yeast
Killed viral vaccine

47. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
No - erythromycin
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

48. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Mycobacterium

49. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
amoebic dynsentry
not acid- fast - colo

50. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Rose gardner's
Reassortment
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis