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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the TX for candidiasis
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Only borrelia
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
2. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
3. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Actinomyces isreallii
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Spikes
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
4. Require high salt concentrations
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
halophiles
5. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
fermentation - definition
H. pylori
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
trichomoniasis symptoms
6. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Pseudomonas
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
7. Purple
gram- positive stain - color
C. perfringens
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Attachment to host T cell
8. In who does HEV have high mortality
Pregnant women
molds
bacteriophage - definition
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
9. CO2 concentration and temperature
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
10. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
capsid - definition
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
replication (AV)
bacteriophage - definition
11. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
virus example
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Syphillis - sexual contact
12. Where do EBV cells remain latent
B cells
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Toxoplasmosis
Bartonella sp
13. yeast - molds - mushrooms
fungi kingdom
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
basic shapes of bacteria
bacteriophage - definition
14. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
candidiasis
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
15. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Food - fingers - feces - flies
HCV
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
16. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
H. flu
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
17. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Legionella
viruses
plasmid - definition
18. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
what many pathogenic fungi are
HIV - sexual
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
19. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
20. What acid is in the spore core
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
peptidoglycan - definition
Dipicolinic acid
Mononuclear cells
21. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
nucleus
algae characteristics (3)
mycoplasma (5) - description
HIV - AIDS
22. What are the symptoms of mumps
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
23. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
glycocalyx - function
cytoplasm - definition
single- stranded DNA
24. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Strep bovis - also group D
Mucor or rhizopus
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Silver stain
25. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Cmv
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
26. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
replication (AV)
humans do not have
Azithromycin
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
27. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
10 to 12
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
S. aureus
28. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
endospores
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
29. Sick cell trait
No cell wall
algae characteristics (3)
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Recombination
30. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Children
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Palivizumab
31. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
biogenesis
Pets - treat with topical azoles
fermentation - definition
Mycoplasma
32. What organisms stain with PAS
33. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
endospores
cell membrane - definition
C. diptheriae
8 - orthomyoxovirus
34. What does listeria infection cause
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
S. epidermidis
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Clostridium perfringens
35. Tightly coiled
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
spiral - spirochete
36. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
37. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Shigella
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Genetic shift - pandemic
38. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Elevated CRP and ESR
ribosomes - function
acid- fast organism - definition
39. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Crohns or appendicitis
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
40. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
fungal infection examples (3)
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Serratia marcescens
41. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
five kingdoms of microorganisms
42. What is in pneumovax
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
eukaryotic organelles - definition
43. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Pox - complex
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Recombination
44. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Transformation or competence
mycolic acid - definition
45. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
S. aureus
Dipoid RNA
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
46. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Borrelia burgdorferi
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
47. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Actinomyces israeli
Beta hemolytic
M. tuberculosis
48. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Pseudomonas
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
49. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Pseudomonas
Brucella sp
50. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Specialized transduction - an excision event