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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
HIV - malnutrition - death
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Pregnant women

2. Prevents contraction of muscles
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
flaccid paralysis
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

3. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Sacral ganglia
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Only humoral - stable
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

4. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
animal kingdom
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Vulvuvaginitis

5. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Only humoral - stable
Acute/recent infection
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

6. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Doxycycline
plasmid - function
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

7. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

8. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Fusion and entry

9. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Salmonella
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Syphillis - sexual contact

10. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
PCR/Viral load
aerobic
basic shapes of bacteria

11. Rodent viruses (not very common)
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
trichomoniasis...
single- stranded DNA

12. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Vagina
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

13. What are the recombinant vaccines
capsid is composed of...
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

14. Spiral
animal kingdom
Serratia
C tetani
spiral - spirillum

15. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
spiral
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
EBV

16. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
viral shapes
hypertonic solution
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox

17. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
CMV retinitis
Does not ferment sorbitol
Rabies

18. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Toxoid vaccine
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

19. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
100 micrometers
Bat - racoon - skunk
Food - fingers - feces - flies

20. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
EBV

21. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Pasteurella multocida
hypotonic solution
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

22. currant jelly sputum
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Klebsiella
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

23. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Shigella
necrosis
Fungi

24. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
Parvoviridae
Mycoplasma
Transformation or competence
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

25. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Motility - protein
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Streptococcus mutans
Staph or enteric GNR

26. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Salmonella typhi
C. diptheriae
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

27. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Clostridium botulinum

28. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
Gardnerella vaginalis
Protein A - S. aureus
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Immediately upon exposure

29. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
cell membrane - function
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

30. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
staining of bacteria
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
helical shape - definition

31. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
All except coxiella are via arthropod
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
lipids (fats) =

32. What is the TX for gardnerella
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
C. perfringens
Metronidazole

33. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
malaria
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
PHV

34. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Hemagluttin
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

35. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
ribosomes - function
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Cryptosporidium

36. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
H flu type B
Immediately upon exposure
trichomoniasis...

37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Resistant
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

38. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
E. coli - proteus

39. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
arrangements - strepto...
Cryptococcus neoformans
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

40. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella

41. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Streptococcus - staphylococus

42. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Staph saprophyticus
Proteus mirabilis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

43. Pink
gram- negative stain - color
HBV
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Toxoplasmosis

44. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
gram- negative cell wall
Entamoeba histolytica
Staph saprophyticus

45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma

46. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Bacterial superinfection
microaerophilic
PHV
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH

47. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
When nutriets are limited
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
uncoating (AV)

48. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Syphillis - sexual contact
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

49. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Anti - HAVAb IgM

50. Binary fission + cytokinesis
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
replication for prokaryotes
gram- positive cell wall
Fusion and entry