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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Serratia
microaerophilic
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Pen
2. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
Weil Felix test
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
cell membrane - definition
Ancylostoma - necator
3. What does gp41 do
Fusion and entry
what many pathogenic fungi are
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
4. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
arrangements - diplo
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
5. What does meningococci cause
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
what envelope contains
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
6. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Clostridium perfringens
HAV - RNA picornavirus
7. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Transformation or competence
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
replication (AV)
8. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Parvoviridae
food industry
9. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Saucer shaped yeast forms
10. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Antigen associated with core of HBV
malaria prevention
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Lower lobe
11. What acid is in the spore core
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Dipicolinic acid
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
12. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
basic shapes of bacteria
Pregnant women
13. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Rubella german measles
flaccid paralysis
C. perfringens
Acute/recent infection
14. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Endosymbiotic Theory
interferon
HIV - AIDS
15. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
16. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
cell membrane - definition
PHV
Avain resevoir
what peptidoglycan is composed of
17. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
flagella - description
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Rubella
18. yeast - molds - mushrooms
C. diptheriae
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
fungi kingdom
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
19. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
amoebic dynsentry
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
20. What does parainfluenza cause
Croup - seal like barking cough
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
gram- negative stain - explanation
Actinomyces
21. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
algology
aerobic
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
22. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
Capsid protein
archaea domain
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
23. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
Legionella
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
24. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Mycobacterium
peptidoglycan - definition
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
25. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
adsorption (B)
26. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
S. aureus
flagella - function
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
27. What does papillomovirus cause
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
gram- negative stain - color
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Cryptococcus neoformans
28. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
basic shapes of bacteria
motility of bacteria
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
29. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
Nematode in undercooked meat
Pasteurella multocida
Staph make it - strep don't
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
30. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Salmonella
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
fungal infection examples (3)
31. Will show special structures
Ring enhancing brain lesions
special staining of bacteria
endospores are formed via
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
32. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Clostridia
33. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
flagella - description
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
34. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Type B protease IgA
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Salmonella typhi
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
35. Simple - special - and differential
staining of bacteria
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
36. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
37. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Cholesterol
Meningococci
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
38. What does listeria infection cause
fungi
spontaneous generation
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
flagella - function
39. How is Hfr made
Meningococci
Metronidazole
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
40. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
chromosome - description
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Common cold
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
41. All living things are composed of cells
S. aureus
Cell Theory
Toxplasmosis
Crohns or appendicitis
42. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
nucleus
43. Require high salt concentrations
Dipoid RNA
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
halophiles
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
44. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
No cell wall
viral shapes
protozoa (3)
60%; viruses
45. What are the gram pos bacilli
mycology
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
gas gangrene
Pets - treat with topical azoles
46. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Anti - HBsAb
spiral - vibrio
47. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
single- stranded RNA
malaria
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
48. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Metabolic activity without division
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Rubella german measles
49. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Gonococci
mycolic acid - definition
HIV - AIDS
50. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
plasmolysis
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Influenza virus