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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infects bacteria
Clostridium perfringens
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
bacteriophage - definition
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
2. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
microaerophilic
Legionella
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
3. What is Anti - HBeAg
mycology
double- stranded RNA
Croup - seal like barking cough
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
4. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Cmv
Beta hemolytic
Histoplasmosis
5. What does PAS actually stain for
Measles
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Group B strep
6. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
S. aureus
M. pneumoniae
Lazzaro Spallanzani
trichomoniasis...
7. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Bordetella pertussis
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
8. What is the TX for sporthrix
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Koch's Postulates 1
hyperthermophiles
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
9. rubeola - lots of spots
Paramyxovirus; measles
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Envelope proteins
10. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Klebsiella pneumo
Neuraminidase
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
11. What does parainfluenza cause
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
biogenesis
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Croup - seal like barking cough
12. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Muramic acid
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
13. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
single- stranded DNA
Clonorchis sinensis
14. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
fungi
icosahedron
Francesco Redi - experiment
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
15. Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift - epidemic
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
16. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
E. coli
Plasmodium
Entertoxigenic E. coli
17. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
penetration (B)
flagella - description
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Severe pneumonia
18. What is the treatment for syphillis
arrangements - strepto...
H flu
Pen
Koch's Postulates 3
19. Size - cell structure - replication
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
plasmid - function
Mumps virus - mumps
Bacteria - STD
20. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
N. gono causing gono
Koch's Postulates 4
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Group B strep
21. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Weil Felix test
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
22. Bacteriophage
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
complex virus example
mitochondria - function
spiral
23. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
myc/myo means
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
24. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
60%; viruses
S. aureus
25. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
ribosomes - function
Koch's Postulates 2
26. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
fungal infection examples (3)
necrosis
HBC - hepatitis B
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
27. What is the nl flora on the skin
Many treponemas
HDV
S. epidermidis
actinomycetes (3) - description
28. Study of protozoans
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
R. typhi
protozoology
29. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Gardnerella vaginalis
30. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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31. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Metronidazole
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
32. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
pasteurization
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Reoviridae - rotavirus
ASO titer
33. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
gas gangrene
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
34. rubella - lots of spots
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Bartonella sp
interferon
35. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
HIV - sexual
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
36. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Type B protease IgA
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
37. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
HSV-2 - genital herpes
mycoplasma (5) - description
M. avium intracellulare
38. How does mucomycosis present clinically
R. prowazekii
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Azithromycin
39. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Protein A - S. aureus
Only borrelia
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
40. What does gonococi cause
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Protein A - S. aureus
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
41. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
42. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
endospores are formed via
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
43. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
Motility - protein
release (AV)
Histoplasmosis
44. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
how wine is spoiled
45. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
46. What organisms stain with PAS
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47. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
cell membrane - definition
S. aureus
Immediately upon exposure
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
48. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
necrosis
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Meningococci
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
49. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
helical shape - definition
Neuraminidase
amoebic dynsentry
50. variola - lots of spots
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
food industry