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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Diphyllobothrium latum
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

2. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Muramic acid
endospores - definition
Recombination
All of them

3. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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4. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Anaerobes
Legionella
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock

5. HaemoPhilus causes....
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Children
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

6. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Anti - HBsAb
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
flagella - function

7. What happens in secondary syphillis
Mycobacterium
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

8. What are the 3 C's for measles
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

9. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
medical important mycobacteria
Coagulation cascade - DIC
IgG Anti - HBcAg
halophiles

10. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
HBC - hepatitis B
replication for eukaryotes
Clostridia
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

11. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Rubella
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
mycology
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis

12. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Teichoic acid
Azithromycin
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

13. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
medical important mycobacteria
Trigeminal ganglia
Virbrio cholera
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

14. How does TSST work
10 to 12
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
lysozyme

15. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Guillain barre
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

16. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
plant kingdom
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
lysozyme
Bordetella pertussis

17. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Strep pneumo and viridans
Sacral ganglia
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

18. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
double- stranded RNA
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

19. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
EBV

20. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
John Needham
bacteriophage - definition
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

21. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
flagella - function
S. aureus
Salmonella typhi
mycoplasma (5) - description

22. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Mumps virus - mumps
bacteriology
microaerophilic

23. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
100 micrometers
HCV

24. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Klebsiella
cilia
animal kingdom
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

25. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

26. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
C. perfringens
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

27. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
differential staining example
Treponema
Aseptic meningitis
adsorption (B)

28. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
No - erythromycin
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
eukaryotic organelles - definition
R. prowazekii

29. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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30. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

31. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
ribosomes - function

32. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Nocardia asteroides
endospores - definition

33. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Mumps virus - mumps
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Reoviridae - rotavirus
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus

34. What does echovirus do
Lepromatous
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Aseptic meningitis
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

35. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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36. How do you treat lyme disease
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Severe bacteremia - death
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
how many degrees celsius for mold?

37. What is the nl flora on the skin
M. avium intracellulare
chromosome - function
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
S. epidermidis

38. What animals carry rabies virus
Bat - racoon - skunk
hypotonic solution
pseudopodia
No cell wall

39. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

40. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Koch's Postulates 4
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
lipids (fats) =

41. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Measles rubeola - measles
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Louis Pasteur
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

42. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
H flu type B
Meningococci
Azithromycin

43. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
species
Staph or H. flu
replication (AV)
Mice - deer

44. Grow in very hot conditions
giardia
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
hyperthermophiles
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

45. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Salpingitis

46. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
Strep pneumo and viridans
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Virbrio cholera

47. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
flagella - function
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Protein A - S. aureus

48. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
ASO titer
release (B)
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

49. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
necrosis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

50. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Group B strep
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Doxycycline
Superantigen