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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
S - definition
protista kingdom
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
2. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Between 2 and 18 months
Candida
HBC - hepatitis B
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
3. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
cell membrane - function
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
4. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
fimbriae - function
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Protein A - S. aureus
Mumps virus - mumps
5. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
trichomoniasis...
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
molds
6. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Weil Felix test
humans do not have
7. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
plasmolysis
M. avium intracellulare
Heat labile toxin
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
8. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
microaerophilic
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
9. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Bartonella sp
Cyanophora paradoxa
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
10. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
dormant
Sterility
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
eukaryotes
11. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
DNA hepadnavirus
Oral and esophageal thrush
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
12. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Meningococci
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Legionella
13. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Francisella tularenis
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
importance of microorganisms
14. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
H. pylori
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Weil Felix test
Strep bovis - also group D
15. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
genus
Sacral ganglia
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
16. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Robert Hooke
Clostridium perfringens
Campylobacter
chromosome - function
17. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
cytoplasm - definition
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
No cell wall
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
18. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Measles
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
what many pathogenic fungi are
Salmonella
19. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
E. coli
Nocardia asteroides
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Pseudomonas
20. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
DNA hepadnavirus
flagella - description
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
21. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
special staining of bacteria
H. pylori
Measles
22. 10 - 100 micrometers
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Candida albicans
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
eukaryotes
23. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Campylocobacter jejuni
myc/myo means
Spikes
Legionella
24. meningitis in >60
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
gas gangrene
fermentation - definition
25. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Staph saprophyticus
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
26. Who typically gets sporothrix
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27. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
double- stranded RNA
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Teichoic acid
humans do not have
28. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
assembly (B)
HCV
Bacteria - STD
29. Which nematodes infect through the skin
HEV
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Yes
30. Clusters
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
arrangements - staphylo
gas gangrene
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
31. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Protein A - S. aureus
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
32. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Lactose fermenting enterics
Coagulation cascade - DIC
single- stranded RNA
33. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Trigeminal ganglia
biogenesis
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
34. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
chlamydia
Oral and esophageal thrush
IVDU
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
35. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
PHV
HIV - malnutrition - death
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Yersinia pestis
36. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Paragonimus westermani
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
37. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
actinomycetes (3) - description
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
38. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
eukarya domain
prokaryotes
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Genetic drift - epidemic
39. What does Rubella virus cause
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
40. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
HIV - malnutrition - death
methanogens
B cells
41. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Antigen in urine
Rapid cell division
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
42. painless chancre - org and dz
medical important mycobacteria
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Treponema - primary syphillis
43. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Klebsiella pneumo
Owl's eye inculsions
Negative
Rubella - respiratory droplets
44. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
yeast
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
C. diptheriae
45. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
facultative
S. aureus
malaria symptoms
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
46. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
cytoplasm - definition
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Cmv
47. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Salmonella typhi
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Toxoplasmosis
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
48. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Klebsiella granulomatis
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Bartonella henselae
Protozoan - STD
49. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Entamoeba histolytica
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
acid- fast - color
50. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
gram- negative stain - color
Children
Staph saprophyticus
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
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