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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Food - fingers - feces - flies
fimbriae - function
Theory of Biogenesis
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

2. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Staph saprophyticus
B cells
ABC

3. Which are the herpesviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
microbiology
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold

4. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Double zone of hemolysis
10%; viral

5. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Killed viral vaccine

6. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
giardia
endospores are formed via
Mumps virus - mumps
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

7. Blue
protista kingdom
not acid- fast - colo
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Strep bovis - also group D

8. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
N. gono causing gono
fungi

9. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
protista kingdom
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

10. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Pseudomonas
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Enterobacter cloacae

11. How do bacterial capsules function
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Rapid cell division

12. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein

13. PNA in CF - burn
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Crohns or appendicitis
peptidoglycan - definition
Pseudomonas

14. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

15. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
C. diptheriae
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
R. typhi

16. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Diphyllobothrium latum
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

17. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Pseudomonas
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

18. hemoptysis - parasite
Chlamydia trachomatis
how do viruses take over a host cell?
eukaryotes
Paragonimus westermani

19. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
HBV from needle stick
facultative
osmotic lysis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

20. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
Virbrio cholera
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Lymph nodes
Meningococci

21. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Metronidazole
genus
C. perfringens

22. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Avain resevoir
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
algae characteristics (3)

23. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Actinomyces
arrangements - staphylo

24. What happens in secondary syphillis
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Doxycycline
protozoology

25. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
fermentation - definition

26. 80S = 60S + 40S
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
protista kingdom
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN

27. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
production of beer and wine
protozoan infections (5)
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

28. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
gram- negative stain - explanation
Doxycycline
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

29. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
Spikes
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
chromosome - description
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

30. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
cell membrane - function
Bat - racoon - skunk
Clindamycin or ampicillin

31. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Clostridia
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Pseudomonas

32. What is the nl flora of the colon
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
taxonomic hierarchy

33. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
gram- positive stain - explanation
gram- negative cell wall
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

34. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

35. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Plasmodium
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors

36. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
specialized flagella
replication for prokaryotes
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Pneumoniae and psittaci

37. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

38. Agar
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
bacteriology
red algae make
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

39. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
algology
capsid - function
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

40. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Oral and esophageal thrush
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella

41. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Nematode in undercooked meat
medical important mycobacteria
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Pasteurella multocida

42. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Streptococcus - staphylococus
importance of microorganisms

43. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
uncoating (AV)
Transformation or competence
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Salmonella

44. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Lower lobe
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

45. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Malignant otitis externa
Toxoplasmosis

46. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
glycocalyx - description
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
10%; viral

47. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
100 micrometers
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
All of them

48. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Cigar shaped yeast
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
gram- negative cell wall
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

49. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
adsorption (B)
Candida
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

50. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Pox - complex
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)