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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Will show special structures
special staining of bacteria
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Tellurite agar
2. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
S. aureus
3. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Pasteurella multocida
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
4. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
fimbriae - function
red tide
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
5. What organisms stain with silver stain
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
protozoan infections (5)
6. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
envelope - definition
R. prowazekii
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
not acid- fast - colo
7. What is the TX for h pylori
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Starts quickly and ends quickly
production of beer and wine
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
8. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
CMV - RSV
Haematobium - bladder
cell wall - function
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
9. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
differential staining of bacteria
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
release (AV)
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
10. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Parvoviridae
11. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Echinococcus granulosus
Nematode in undercooked meat
All of them
12. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
arrangements - diplo
Genetic drift - epidemic
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
D- K
13. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
specific
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
M. avium intracellulare
14. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Group B strep - E. coli
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Protozoan - STD
what envelope contains
15. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Capsid protein
Klebsiella
humans do not have
Severe bacteremia - death
16. Related to a fungus
flagella - description
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
myc/myo means
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
17. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
glycocalyx - description
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
18. Describe the rabies virus
Actic polymerization
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
spiral - vibrio
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
19. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
glycocalyx - function
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
20. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
pili - function
Koch's Postulates 2
antibiotics
21. What organisms stain with india ink
Rubella german measles
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Cryptococcus neoformans
R. prowazekii
22. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
malaria
replication (B)
five kingdoms of microorganisms
HHV 6 - roseola
23. Will show size and arrangement
Schistosoma mansori
spontaneous generation
simple staining of bacteria
Killed/inactivated
24. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
rickettsia
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
25. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
specific
26. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
M. avium intracellulare
27. Comma- shaped
Ancylostoma - necator
virology
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
spiral - vibrio
28. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
29. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
30. taenia solium - tricky Ts
B cells
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
31. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
glycocalyx - function
Reassortment
Acid fast organisms
Rubella - respiratory droplets
32. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
S. aureus
five fields of microbiology
release (AV)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
33. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
malaria symptoms
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
34. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Staph or enteric GNR
35. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Virbrio cholera
Type B protease IgA
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Staph saprophyticus
36. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
myc/myo means
37. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
38. Simple - special - and differential
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Recombination
staining of bacteria
39. Sick cell trait
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
animal kingdom
cilia - function
No envelope
40. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
replication for prokaryotes
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
41. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Clindamycin or ampicillin
single- stranded DNA
lipids (fats) =
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
42. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
hypotonic solution
43. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
44. rubella - lots of spots
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
45. Herpes - warts
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
double- stranded DNA
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
46. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
flagella - description
Klebsiella
Double zone of hemolysis
Shigella
47. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
48. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Robert Hooke
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
49. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
gram- negative stain - explanation
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
trichomoniasis symptoms
50. surgical wound
gram- positive cell wall
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
S. aureus