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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Candida albicans
Lower lobe
2. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
spiral - spirochete
plasmid - function
Schistosoma mansori
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
3. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Rubella german measles
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
4. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
trichomoniasis symptoms
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Measles rubeola - measles
Trigeminal ganglia
5. Provides structure
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
cell wall - function
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
6. Dimorphic/biphasic
what many pathogenic fungi are
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
ribosomes - function
7. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Avain resevoir
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
cell wall - function
8. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
E. coli - proteus
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Cmv
9. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
acid- fast organism - definition
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
replication (AV)
red tide
10. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Metronidazole
Tetracycline or erythromycin
chemical synthesis...
microbiology
11. 80S = 60S + 40S
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
virus example
Mice - deer
medical important mycobacteria
12. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Viral gastroenteritis
Ingestion of preformed toxin
pili - function
13. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Koch's Postulates 2
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Doxycycline
14. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Dark field microscopy
15. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Parvoviridae
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
16. What is the TX for pseudomonas
motility of bacteria
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
17. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Ancylostoma - necator
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
penetration (AV)
Mononuclear cells
18. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Cryptosporidium
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Motility - protein
19. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Nematode in undercooked meat
Parvo - single stranded
penetration (B)
20. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Cmv
Genetic shift - pandemic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
21. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
100 micrometers
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Bacterial superinfection
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
22. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Gardnerella vaginalis
Lower lobe
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Pseudomonas
23. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
60%; viruses
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
malaria prevention
Parvoviridae
24. surgical wound
Meningococci
Actinomyces
fungal infection examples (3)
S. aureus
25. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
virus example
Salmonella
dormant
26. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
microaerophilic
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
27. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
tetanus
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Yes
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
28. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
10%; viral
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Anti - HAVAb IgM
10 to 12
29. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
pseudopodia
replication for prokaryotes
Clostridia
30. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
No envelope
Legionella
31. What are PE signs of PID
fungi kingdom
Serratia
fungal infection examples (3)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
32. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
C. perfringens
33. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
spontaneous generation example
simple staining of bacteria
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Clostridium perfringens
34. Where do VZV cells remain latent
importance of microorganisms
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
35. What animals carry rabies virus
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
necrosis
arrangements of bacteria
Bat - racoon - skunk
36. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
plasmolysis
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Echinococcus granulosus
37. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Epiglottitis H flu type B
38. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
arrangements - strepto...
39. How are rickettsiae transmitted
penetration (B)
S. aureus
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
All except coxiella are via arthropod
40. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
When nutriets are limited
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
41. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
genus
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Klebsiella
42. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Starts quickly and ends quickly
double- stranded DNA
Crohns or appendicitis
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
43. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
spontaneous generation
Bacteria - STD
C. perfringens
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
44. Herpes - warts
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
double- stranded DNA
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
45. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
arrangements - diplo
Heat labile toxin
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
HBV
46. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Cyanophora paradoxa
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
biogenesis
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
47. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
48. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
49. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Prompt oral rehydration
chromosome - description
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
50. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
assembly (B)