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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which nematodes are ingested
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

2. When do gram pos rods form spores
When nutriets are limited
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
histoplasmosis

3. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Reoviridae - rotavirus
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

4. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Pasteurella multocida
envelope - definition
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

5. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
C. botulinum
Cryptosporidium

6. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
E. coli
nucleic acid
bacillus
<30 - military - prisons

7. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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8. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. aureus
not acid- fast - colo
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
spontaneous generation example

9. Problem with food preservation - canning
botulism
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

10. burns or air
Dark field microscopy
Pseudomonas
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
algae characteristics (3)

11. What are the lab findings for cholera
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

12. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
what many pathogenic fungi are
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

13. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Treponema
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

14. pediatric infxn
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
H flu
Rubella
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

15. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
gram- negative stain - color
Endosymbiotic Theory
Klebsiella pneumo
Antigen in vaccines

16. Allgin and carrageenan
E. coli 0157:H7
food thickeners
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Mononuclear cells

17. What treatment is required for cholera
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Prompt oral rehydration
histoplasmosis
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

18. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
oxygen requirements of bacteria
HHV-6 roseola

19. Contains genetic material
fimbriae - function
chromosome - function
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively

20. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Streptococcus - staphylococus
S. aureus
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

21. Comma- shaped
Strep bovis - also group D
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
spiral - vibrio
Epiglottitis H flu type B

22. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Rickettsia rickettsii
R. prowazekii
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

23. What are the symptoms of TB
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
nucleic acid
hypertonic solution

24. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
infection process of animal viruses (6)
histoplasmosis
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

25. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
mycology
Paramyxovirus; measles

26. asplenic pt
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
CMV - RSV
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
staining of bacteria

27. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
trichomoniasis...
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Mycobacterium
Fungi

28. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
special staining of bacteria
Proteus mirabilis
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
actinomycetes (3) - description

29. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
Pneumocystis jerovici
H. flu
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid

30. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
staining of bacteria
100 micrometers

31. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Pen
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Epiglottitis H flu type B

32. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
spontaneous generation example
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Rapid cell division

33. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
No cell wall
Paragonimus westermani
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

34. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Metronidazole
Clostridium tetani

35. The host cell's plasma membrane
Koch's Postulates 3
flagella
envelope is composed of...
glycocalyx - description

36. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Mononuclear cells
Genetic shift - pandemic
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

37. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
10 to 12
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

38. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
spiral
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Pseudomonas
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease

39. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
C. diptheriae
Pen
assembly (AV)

40. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
staining of bacteria
Fusion and entry
cytoplasm - definition
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis

41. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
protozoology
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)

42. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
C. perfringens
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)

43. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Tellurite agar
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Ancylostoma - necator
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

44. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
osmotic pressure
double- stranded RNA
Children
Actic polymerization

45. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Immediately upon exposure
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
replication for eukaryotes

46. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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47. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Measles
Actinomyces isreallii

48. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
ABC
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Pasteurella multocida

49. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
HCV
food industry
gram- positive cell wall
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

50. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Killed viral vaccine
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent