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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Beta hemolytic
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
importance of microorganisms
2. perianal pruritis - parasite
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
hypotonic solution
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Enterobius
3. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
virology
how wine is spoiled
Transformation or competence
4. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
5. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
adsorption (AV)
Teichoic acid
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
S. epidermidis
6. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Pseudomonas
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
7. What kind of virus and family are HBV
60%; viruses
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
DNA hepadnavirus
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
8. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
double- stranded RNA
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Heat labile toxin
9. Study of protozoans
protozoology
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
mycoplasma (5) - description
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
10. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Meningococci
IgG Anti - HBcAg
arrangements - diplo
fungal infection examples (3)
11. What are the gram pos bacilli
Candida
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Meningococci
12. PNA in elderly
PHV
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
13. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
14. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Oral and esophageal thrush
Type B protease IgA
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
15. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Protozoan - STD
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
16. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
17. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Type B protease IgA
protozoan infections (5)
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
All of them
18. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Staph make it - strep don't
fungi
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
19. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
Clostridium botulinum
endospores - definition
yeast
fungi
20. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
CMV - RSV
E. Coli
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
21. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
EBV
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
ABC
replication for eukaryotes
22. Which nematodes are ingested
Avain resevoir
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
23. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Dipoid RNA
Gardnerella vaginalis
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
24. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
gram- positive stain - color
Tellurite agar
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
25. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
Lactose fermenting enterics
rickettsia
Type B protease IgA
26. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
EBV
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
27. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
red algae make
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Lymph nodes
28. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
29. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Actinomyces israeli
protista kingdom
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
30. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
31. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
rickettsia
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
32. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
facultative
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
staining of bacteria
33. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Klebsiella
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Metabolic activity without division
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
34. What does group B strep cause
amoebic dynsentry
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
35. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
cell wall - function
Sporothrix schenckii
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Strep bovis - also group D
36. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
37. B12 def - parasite
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Diphyllobothrium latum
E. coli - proteus
Robert Hooke
38. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Actinomyces isreallii
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Enterobacter cloacae
39. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
endospores - definition
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
40. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
flagella - function
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
41. What viruses make up the arena virus family
flagella - function
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
hypotonic solution
42. What does catalase do
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
43. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
bacteriophage - definition
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
44. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Rubella german measles
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
rough ER
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
45. PNA in immunCised
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
capsid is composed of...
Doxycycline
cell wall - function
46. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
archaea domain
replication (AV)
47. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Hemagluttin
Shigella
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
All of them
48. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Paramyxovirus; measles
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
49. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
S. aureus
Pregnant women
Parvo - single stranded
50. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
what peptidoglycan is composed of