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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How are rickettsiae transmitted
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
gram- positive cell wall
gram- negative stain - explanation
2. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Trigeminal ganglia
EBV
capsid - function
Palivizumab
3. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Anti - HBsAb
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
animal kingdom
4. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Pasteurella multocida
DNA hepadnavirus
5. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
protozoology
S - definition
flagella - function
6. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
S. aureus
M. pneumoniae
7. What is the TX for candidiasis
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Enterobacter cloacae
Lower lobe
Viridans group streptococci
8. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
fermentation - definition
L1 - L2 - L3
candidiasis
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
9. Problem with food preservation - canning
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
botulism
Pseudomonas
Aerosal - from environmental water source
10. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Pneumocystis jerovici
three domains of microorganisms
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Starts quickly and ends quickly
11. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
golgi complex - function
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
12. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
methanogens
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
13. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
Rabies
R. prowazekii
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
germination
14. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Meningococci
HAV - RNA picornavirus
15. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Robert Koch
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
No cell wall
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
16. Study of bacteria
histoplasmosis
bacteriology
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
17. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
complex virus example
malaria prevention
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
18. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
spiral - vibrio
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
19. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
icosahedron
Gallbladder
B cells
20. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
pasteurization
Only humoral - stable
Paragonimus westermani
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
21. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Beta hemolytic
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
replication (B)
22. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
John Needham - experiment
Entamoeba hisotlytica
gas gangrene
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
23. atypical PNA
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Antigen in vaccines
24. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
25. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
glycocalyx - function
protozoa (3)
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Actinomyces isreallii
26. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Sporothrix schenckii
Diphyllobothrium latum
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Bacillus anthracis
27. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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28. CO2 concentration and temperature
fungi kingdom
N. gono causing gono
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
endospores are resistant to (4)
29. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Louis Pasteur
Theory of Biogenesis
EBV
30. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Envelope proteins
archaea domain
Mycobacterium
flagella
31. What does papillomovirus cause
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
All of them
they are eukaryotes
32. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
33. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
No cell wall
mitochondria - function
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
34. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
HHV-6 roseola
Strep bovis - also group D
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
nucleus
35. Provides structure
cell wall - function
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Rabies
36. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Candida and aspergillus
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
37. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
38. What does meningococci cause
D- K
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
mycolic acid - definition
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
39. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
specialized flagella
John Needham
40. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
simple staining of bacteria
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Robert Hooke
Anti - HBsAb
41. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Bordetella pertussis
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
cilia
42. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
ribosomes - function
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
prokaryotes
Group B strep
43. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
44. Help bacteria to attach to one another
complex virus example
Oral and esophageal thrush
Malignant otitis externa
pili - function
45. yeast and mold
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
HSV-2 - genital herpes
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
peptidoglycan - definition
46. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
John Needham
simple staining of bacteria
release (B)
what envelope contains
47. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
protozoology
48. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
microbiology
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
49. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Gardnerella vaginalis
ASO titer
Pox - complex
50. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
HEV
Strep pneumo and viridans
Shigella
Protozoan - a TORCH infection