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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. burns or air
Prompt oral rehydration
Pseudomonas
endospores are resistant to (4)
HAV - RNA picornavirus

2. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
bacteria domain
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

3. portal HTN - parasite
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Schistosoma mansori

4. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Gambiense - rhodesiense
cell membrane - definition
cytoplasm - definition
virology

5. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Acid fast organisms
Oral and esophageal thrush
replication (AV)

6. What is the main complication of mumps
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
HHV 6 - roseola
Sterility
Bordetella pertussis

7. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Yes
fungal infection examples (3)
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Bartonella henselae

8. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Koch's Postulates 2
oxygen requirements of bacteria

9. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Serratia marcescens
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
germination
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

10. What does adenovirus cause
Resistant
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Protein A - S. aureus
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

11. yeast and mold
nucleic acid
Candida
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

12. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
smooth ER
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
necrosis

13. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Owl's eye inculsions
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

14. Apiration PNA - orgs
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Anaerobes
eukaryotes
HSV-2 - genital herpes

15. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Syphillis - sexual contact
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg

16. How is legionella detected clinically
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Antigen in urine
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton

17. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Azithromycin
cilia
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
VZV - chickenpox

18. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
cell wall - function
Cholesterol
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

19. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Sporothrix schenckii
Toxoid vaccine
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

20. Thrush
oral yeast infections =
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
replication (AV)
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

21. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
hyperthermophiles

22. Agar
Enteroinvasive E. coli
red algae make
Rickettsia rickettsii
arrangements of bacteria

23. In who does HEV have high mortality
hyperthermophiles
Mycobacterium
Pasteurella multocida
Pregnant women

24. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Malignant otitis externa

25. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
molds
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies

26. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
100 micrometers
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
cytoplasm - definition

27. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Double zone of hemolysis
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

28. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Rubella - respiratory droplets
specialized flagella

29. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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30. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Rose gardner's
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

31. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Histoplasmosis
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
cilia - function
food thickeners

32. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Fusion and entry
Gallbladder
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Neuraminidase

33. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Children
Clonorchis sinensis
Malignant otitis externa

34. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Clostridium botulinum
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Owl's eye inculsions
Candida

35. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
bacteria domain

36. What is in pneumovax
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

37. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
HCV
Enterobius

38. asplenic pt
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
H flu
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Immediately upon exposure

39. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
H. pylori

40. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Rubella german measles
Candida and aspergillus
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Doxycycline

41. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

42. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
S. epidermidis
C. diptheriae
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)

43. What is the technique to visualize treponema
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
arrangements of bacteria
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

44. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Francisella tularenis
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

45. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Influenza virus
CMV
germination
yeast

46. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Rubella
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
five kingdoms of microorganisms

47. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Klebsiella granulomatis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
PCR/Viral load
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

48. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Rapid cell division
Pasteurella multocida

49. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
C. perfringens
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Koch's Postulates 2
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

50. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
HIV - AIDS
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis