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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
C. diptheriae
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not

2. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Yes
Rifampin

3. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
HHV 6 - roseola
Candida
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

4. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Lymph nodes

5. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
assembly (B)
Genetic drift - epidemic
Beta hemolytic
how wine is spoiled

6. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Gardnerella vaginalis
anaerobic
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
monera kingdom

7. Minor changes based on random mutation
replication for prokaryotes
Genetic drift - epidemic
Teichoic acid
cilia

8. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Does not ferment sorbitol
Bordetella pertussis

9. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
John Needham - experiment
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

10. neutropenic pts
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
golgi complex - function
Rapid cell division
Candida and aspergillus

11. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
B. cereus
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
giardia

12. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
medical important mycobacteria
spontaneous generation
ribosomes - function
ASO titer

13. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
endoplasmic reticulum - definition

14. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
JC virus causing PML
Cmv
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

15. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Sexual activity - but not an STI
HBV from needle stick
60%; viruses
Azithromycin

16. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

17. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Aseptic meningitis
mitochondria - function
S. aureus
C. perfringens

18. PNA in elderly
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Klebsiella
archaea domain
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

19. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

20. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
spontaneous generation
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

21. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Beta hemolytic
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

22. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
facultative
Yeast - protazoan
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

23. atypical PNA
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
humans do not have
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement

24. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Pregnant women
endospores are resistant to (4)
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
E. coli

25. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
plasmolysis
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Prompt oral rehydration
Lower lobe

26. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
motility of bacteria
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Elevated CRP and ESR
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia

27. Bacteriophage
complex virus example
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

28. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
endospores
C. diff

29. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin

30. What is the nl flora on the skin
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
S. epidermidis
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

31. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
R. typhi
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Food - fingers - feces - flies

32. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
cell membrane - definition
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

33. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
M. avium intracellulare
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR

34. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
bacteria domain
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Salmonella

35. Allgin and carrageenan
trichomoniasis symptoms
food thickeners
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
arrangements of bacteria

36. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
PCR/Viral load
release (B)
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

37. Ability to move via flagella
endospores
Treponema
motility of bacteria
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

38. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Pneumocystis jerovici
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
specialized flagella

39. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

40. What is weil's disease
Actinomyces and nocardia
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Saucer shaped yeast forms

41. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Pseudomonas
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
spontaneous generation example

42. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Yersinia enterocolitica
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Toxoid vaccine

43. roseola - lots of spots
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Salmonella
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever

44. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
Diphyllobothrium latum
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides

45. Study of bacteria
C tetani
bacteriology
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
mycoplasma (5) - description

46. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Yeast - protazoan
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin

47. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Bacillus anthracis
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Gambiense - rhodesiense

48. What happens in tertiary syphillis
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
double- stranded RNA
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

49. meningitis in >60
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
ribosomes - function
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Klebsiella granulomatis

50. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
HEV
differential staining of bacteria
Entamoeba histolytica