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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
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engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
2. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
acid- fast - color
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Robert Koch
3. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
Neisseria
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
motility of bacteria
4. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
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5. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Severe bacteremia - death
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Francesco Redi - experiment
6. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
B. cereus
germination
gram- positive cell wall
Specialized transduction - an excision event
7. yeast - molds - mushrooms
fungi kingdom
Tetracycline or erythromycin
HDV
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
8. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Double zone of hemolysis
lysozyme
how do viruses take over a host cell?
9. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Salmonella typhi
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
10. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
gram stain - definition
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
HBC - hepatitis B
11. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Toxo crosses the placenta
capsid is composed of...
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
12. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
bacillus
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
actinomycetes (3) - description
spiral - spirillum
13. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Antigen in vaccines
adsorption (B)
Toxo crosses the placenta
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
14. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
food industry
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
15. Blue
not acid- fast - colo
gram- positive cell wall
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Bat - racoon - skunk
16. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Many treponemas
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Dipoid RNA
endospores are formed via
17. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
C. botulinum
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
cytoplasm - definition
Cholesterol
18. Which nematodes are ingested
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Robert Hooke
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
19. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Actinomyces and nocardia
mycolic acid - definition
Metronidazole
Meningococci
20. What is the triad of HUS
Plasmodium
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
21. What is weil's disease
replication (B)
Crohns or appendicitis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
HCV
22. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
taxonomic hierarchy
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
23. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Malignant otitis externa
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
uncoating (AV)
24. What is the treatment for syphillis
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
yeast
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Pen
25. What bug produces a red pigment
Pregnant women
Killed/inactivated
Klebsiella granulomatis
Serratia
26. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
<30 - military - prisons
Pseudomonas
malaria
Anti - HBsAb
27. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
replication (B)
ASO titer
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
28. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Lymph nodes
Clostridium botulinum
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
29. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Mycoplasma - have sterols
30. What does parainfluenza cause
DNA hepadnavirus
Croup - seal like barking cough
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
lysozyme
31. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Strep pneumo and viridans
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
assembly (AV)
32. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
endospores are formed via
spontaneous generation
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
33. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Staph make it - strep don't
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
34. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Sterility
Shigella
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
35. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
H. flu
HIV - malnutrition - death
36. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Enterobius
37. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Borrelia recurrentis
Toxo crosses the placenta
E. coli
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
38. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
tetanus
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
39. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Candida
mycolic acid - definition
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
fimbriae - function
40. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
No - erythromycin
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
41. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission
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42. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
43. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
44. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
HSV-2 - genital herpes
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Cigar shaped yeast
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
45. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
replication (B)
Metronidazole
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
structures of prokaryotic cell
46. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
47. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
E. Coli
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Hemagluttin
spontaneous generation
48. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
49. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
C. perfringens
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
C. botulinum
Coagulation cascade - DIC
50. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Rifampin
Klebsiella pneumo
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