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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
2. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
3. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Genetic shift - pandemic
arrangements - strepto...
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
4. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
5. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
glycocalyx - function
Trigeminal ganglia
C. perfringens
6. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
lysozyme
bacteria domain
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
7. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
medical important mycobacteria
Ancylostoma - necator
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
8. What happens in tertiary syphillis
spiral
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
9. Require high salt concentrations
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Robert Hooke
halophiles
Crohns or appendicitis
10. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Immediately upon exposure
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
osmotic lysis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
11. What are the killed viral vaccines
Enterobacter cloacae
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
12. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
lysis
flaccid paralysis
Enterobius
HIV - sexual
13. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
E. coli
lysozyme
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
14. 70S = 30S + 50S
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Treponema - primary syphillis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
15. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
Crohns or appendicitis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Rubella
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
16. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
chemical synthesis...
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
single- stranded DNA
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
17. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
release (AV)
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Parvoviridae
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
18. What does catalase do
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Reassortment
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
19. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
anaerobic
Clostridia
20. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Motility - protein
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
endospores - definition
21. Trichomonas
HBV from needle stick
flaccid paralysis
Dipoid RNA
flagella
22. What is the pathophys of mucor
Between 2 and 18 months
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
23. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
24. HaemoPhilus causes....
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
25. What is in pneumovax
Mononuclear cells
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
germination
double- stranded RNA
26. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
Yersinia pestis
how wine is spoiled
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Cryptosporidium
27. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
D- K
oral yeast infections =
flagella - description
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
28. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
biogenesis
John Needham - experiment
29. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Attachment to host T cell
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Meningococci
Between 2 and 18 months
30. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Nocardia asteroides
adsorption (B)
five kingdoms of microorganisms
31. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Antigen in vaccines
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
32. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
specialized flagella
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
33. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
R. typhi
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
34. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Rose gardner's
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Rapid cell division
HBC - hepatitis B
35. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
36. What organisms stain with india ink
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Cryptococcus neoformans
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Cigar shaped yeast
37. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Francesco Redi - experiment
38. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
differential staining of bacteria
Francesco Redi - experiment
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
39. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Campylocobacter jejuni
HEV
H flu
40. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Pasteurella multocida
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
41. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
42. All living things are composed of cells
Klebsiella pneumo
Cell Theory
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
N. gono causing gono
43. meningitis in >60
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Treponema
44. What is the main complication of mumps
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Sterility
8 - orthomyoxovirus
45. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
acid- fast - color
Antigen in urine
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
46. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
47. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
malaria
germination
48. What acid is in the spore core
Dipicolinic acid
Actic polymerization
Echinococcus granulosus
Cigar shaped yeast
49. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Measles
Treponema - primary syphillis
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
50. Size - cell structure - replication
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb