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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. 37 celsius
Severe bacteremia - death
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Brucella sp

2. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
molds
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Serratia

3. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Silver stain

4. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
fungi
S. aureus
Pets - treat with topical azoles
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

5. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Borrelia recurrentis
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

6. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Shigella
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Koch's Postulates 1

7. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
replication (AV)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

8. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
lysis
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

9. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
biogenesis
PHV
Rifampin

10. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
HBV
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
No - erythromycin

11. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Lactose fermenting enterics
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

12. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
special staining of bacteria
what envelope contains
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
R. typhi

13. Which are the herpesviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Trigeminal ganglia
Cholesterol

14. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Salmonella
genus
hypertonic solution
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

15. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
ABC
flagella - description
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva

16. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Only borrelia
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

17. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
Metronidazole
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
HHV 6 - roseola
Yersinia enterocolitica

18. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)

19. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
bacteriophage - definition
special staining of bacteria

20. what dpes gp120 do
Pneumocystis jerovici
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Attachment to host T cell
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

21. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
replication for eukaryotes
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

22. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Only humoral - stable
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

23. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Cyanophora paradoxa
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

24. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
replication for prokaryotes
microbiology
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
HEV

25. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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26. Study of fungi
Bacterial superinfection
mycology
Salmonella
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

27. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Serratia
aerobic
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

28. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Neisseria
Plasmodium
Mycoplasma - have sterols
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

29. 70S = 30S + 50S
bacteriology
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Sacral ganglia

30. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

31. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Echinococcus granulosus
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
amoebic dynsentry

32. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
peptidoglycan - definition
plasmolysis
Candida

33. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
10 to 12
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
ribosomes - function

34. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Treponema
Lazzaro Spallanzani
cell membrane - definition

35. What are the viral causes of meningitis
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
pseudopodia
Campylocobacter jejuni

36. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
three domains of microorganisms
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

37. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Silver stain
fungi kingdom
HDV

38. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Cryptococcus neoformans
helical shape - definition

39. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Guillain barre
pasteurization

40. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
Salmonella
Measles rubeola - measles
arrangements of bacteria
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

41. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
what many pathogenic fungi are
Resistant

42. Sick cell trait
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Bacteria - STD
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

43. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Group B strep
Pseudomonas
Actic polymerization

44. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Capsid protein
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin

45. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Muramic acid
Acid fast organisms
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

46. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
single- stranded DNA
Acute/recent infection
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria

47. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
PCR/Viral load
penetration (B)
Actinomyces israeli

48. What treatment is required for cholera
Elevated CRP and ESR
Prompt oral rehydration
C. diff
gram- positive cell wall

49. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Viridans group streptococci
Anti - HBsAb

50. What does aspergillus cause

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