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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Salmonella
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

2. Multicellular and aerobic
molds
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
HBV
gram- positive stain - explanation

3. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
prokaryotes
pili - function
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

4. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
JC virus causing PML
single- stranded DNA
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Salmonella typhi

5. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Toxplasmosis
PHV
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

6. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Actinomyces isreallii
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

7. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Salpingitis
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

8. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
cilia

9. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Cholesterol
H flu type B
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

10. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Bacteria - STD
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel

11. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
eukarya domain
five kingdoms of microorganisms
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Capsid protein

12. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Gardnerella vaginalis
HBC - hepatitis B
HHV-6 roseola
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure

13. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

14. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

15. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Attachment to host T cell
anaerobic
histoplasmosis
HBV

16. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
replication for eukaryotes
ASO titer

17. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
plasmid - definition
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

18. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
eukaryotes
Clostridia
Killed/inactivated

19. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

20. Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift - epidemic
Treponema - primary syphillis
John Needham
what envelope contains

21. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Campylocobacter jejuni
methanogens
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus

22. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
giardia
Surfers in the tropics

23. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
monera kingdom
red tide
Mucor or rhizopus
single- stranded DNA

24. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Toxplasmosis
Haematobium - bladder
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

25. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Vulvuvaginitis
molds
germination
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

26. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Legionella
replication (B)
Yes
John Needham - experiment

27. What does papillomovirus cause
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Mycoplasma
Proteus mirabilis
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

28. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Mycobacterium
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
animal kingdom
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

29. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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30. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Muramic acid
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph

31. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Killed viral vaccine
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
No cell wall
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)

32. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
nucleus
C tetani
bacteriology
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

33. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Cyanophora paradoxa
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Borrelia recurrentis

34. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
trichomoniasis symptoms
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
8 - orthomyoxovirus

35. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Anti - HBsAb
HBC - hepatitis B
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
single- stranded DNA

36. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
H. pylori
malaria

37. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
HBV from needle stick
Actinomyces and nocardia
Cmv
Pneumocystis jerovici

38. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Pneumocystis jerovici

39. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
HBV
hyperthermophiles
Mice - deer
penetration (B)

40. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
polyhedral shape - defintion

41. What are the killed viral vaccines
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
differential staining of bacteria
envelope - definition
E. coli 0157:H7

42. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Rubella

43. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
plasmid - function
3 groups in archaea
M. avium intracellulare
flagella

44. yeast and mold
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
algology
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

45. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
peptidoglycan - definition
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Staph or enteric GNR
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes

46. What are PE signs of PID
Vulvuvaginitis
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
C tetani
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

47. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
how wine is spoiled
Meningococci
Mononuclear cells
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

48. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

49. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
chromosome - description
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
cilia - function
Between 2 and 18 months

50. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
malaria prevention
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
endocytosis...
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP