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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Enterobacter cloacae
2. Mycotoxin
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
cytoplasm - definition
archaea domain
3. burns or air
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Pseudomonas
Immediately upon exposure
4. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Enterobacter cloacae
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
5. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Plasmodium
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Ring enhancing brain lesions
6. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
H. pylori
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Lymph nodes
7. What is Anti - HBeAg
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Klebsiella pneumo
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
8. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
C. diptheriae
Schistosoma mansori
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
9. atypical PNA
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
10. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
cilia - function
Pneumocystis jerovici
facultative
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
11. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Bat - racoon - skunk
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
100 micrometers
12. Problem with food preservation - canning
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Dipicolinic acid
botulism
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
13. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Streptococcus mutans
animal kingdom
HHV-8 - KS
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
14. When is H flu vaccine give
plasmid - function
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Between 2 and 18 months
Robert Hooke
15. Svedberg units
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Legionella
S - definition
Double zone of hemolysis
16. Study of bacteria
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
bacteriology
Protozoan - STD
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
17. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Staph or enteric GNR
Proteus mirabilis
18. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
five fields of microbiology
nucleus
Aseptic meningitis
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
19. Prevents contraction of muscles
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
flaccid paralysis
Lepromatous
10%; viral
20. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Trigeminal ganglia
Koch's Postulates 1
Treponema - primary syphillis
Cholesterol
21. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Gallbladder
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
22. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
H. flu
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Brucella sp
23. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
species
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
E. coli
Enteroinvasive E. coli
24. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Bordetella pertussis
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Doxycycline
25. What are the symptoms of mumps
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
26. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Staph make it - strep don't
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
IVDU
27. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Mycoplasma
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
endospores - definition
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
28. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
they are eukaryotes
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
29. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Rifampin
gram- negative stain - color
DNA hepadnavirus
Toxo crosses the placenta
30. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
envelope is composed of...
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
31. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
hypertonic solution
Starts quickly and ends quickly
HBV
32. Allows nutrients in - waste out
HSV-2 - genital herpes
E. Coli
HDV
cell membrane - function
33. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
archaea domain
34. What does Rubella virus cause
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Fusion and entry
35. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Streptococcus - staphylococus
E. Coli
Paracoccidioidomycosis
HBC - hepatitis B
36. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
C. diptheriae
37. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
CMV
Elevated CRP and ESR
HSV-2 - genital herpes
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
38. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Capsid protein
Pseudomonas
amoebic dynsentry
Brucella sp
39. How is Hfr made
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
humans do not have
mitochondria - function
40. surgical wound
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Schistosoma mansori
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
S. aureus
41. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Negative
gram- negative stain - color
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
42. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Avain resevoir
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
rickettsia
43. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
No - erythromycin
Bat - racoon - skunk
44. dog or cat bite
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
they are eukaryotes
Pasteurella multocida
E. coli - proteus
45. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
gram- positive stain - explanation
HIV - sexual
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
B cells
46. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
capsid - function
47. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
S. aureus
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
48. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
CMV - RSV
Protein A - S. aureus
Pasteurella multocida
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
49. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Antigen in vaccines
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
50. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
methanogens
IgG Anti - HBcAg
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT