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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
malaria symptoms
2. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Lymph nodes
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
3. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
interferon
No cell wall
single- stranded DNA
Strep bovis - also group D
4. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
E. Coli
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
ABC
5. All living things are composed of cells
gram- negative stain - explanation
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Cell Theory
Salpingitis
6. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Owl's eye inculsions
Nematode in undercooked meat
7. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
assembly (B)
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Elementary body
8. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission
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9. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
John Needham - experiment
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
DNA hepadnavirus
10. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Clostridium perfringens
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
cell membrane - definition
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
11. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
HHV 6 - roseola
Azithromycin
lipids (fats) =
12. What does gonococi cause
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Killed/inactivated
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
taxonomic hierarchy
13. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Weil Felix test
60%; viruses
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
14. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Haematobium - bladder
CMV retinitis
Actic polymerization
Recombination
15. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
structures of prokaryotic cell
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Azithromycin
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
16. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
animal kingdom
Metabolic activity without division
17. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Histoplasmosis
nucleus
18. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Recombination
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
plasmolysis
Pets - treat with topical azoles
19. Problem with food preservation - canning
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
botulism
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
20. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
B. cereus
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
21. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
species
cell membrane - definition
Muramic acid
Lepromatous
22. What is HBeAg
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
how wine is spoiled
Protein A - S. aureus
23. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Clostridium botulinum
Only borrelia
24. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
capsid - definition
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
osmotic lysis
Many treponemas
25. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
basic shapes of bacteria
gram- positive stain - color
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
monera kingdom
26. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
hyperthermophiles
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Crohns or appendicitis
27. 25 celsius
Vulvuvaginitis
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
28. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
fungi
complex virus example
Francisella tularenis
100 micrometers
29. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Pneumocystis jerovici
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
30. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Treponema - primary syphillis
Tellurite agar
anaerobic
31. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
HBV from needle stick
Robert Hooke
Klebsiella
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
32. traumatic open wound
Severe bacteremia - death
C. perfringens
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
33. Requires presence of oxygen
aerobic
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
34. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
ASO titer
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
how wine is spoiled
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
35. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
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36. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
Protozoan - STD
hypotonic solution
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
37. How are rickettsiae transmitted
Koch's Postulates 4
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
38. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
C. diff
envelope is composed of...
Between 2 and 18 months
plant kingdom
39. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
smooth ER
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
40. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
E. coli 0157:H7
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
41. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
N. gono causing gono
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
five fields of microbiology
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
42. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Pseudomonas
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
envelope - definition
43. Prevents contraction of muscles
flaccid paralysis
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
myc/myo means
HIV - sexual
44. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Cmv
Paracoccidioidomycosis
45. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
100 micrometers
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Antigen in vaccines
46. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Bat - racoon - skunk
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Tetracycline or erythromycin
47. What is the TX for candidiasis
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
M. tuberculosis
48. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
histoplasmosis
Mucor or rhizopus
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Rapid cell division
49. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Genetic drift - epidemic
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
60%; viruses
Staph saprophyticus
50. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
not acid- fast - colo
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