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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. yeast infection
malaria prevention
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
When nutriets are limited
candidiasis
2. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Robert Hooke
flagella - description
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
3. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Vagina
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
4. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Lactose fermenting enterics
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
animal kingdom
5. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
facultative
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
6. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
gram- negative stain - explanation
Salpingitis
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
7. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
monera kingdom
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
specific
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
8. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
spiral - spirillum
cell membrane - function
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
9. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Actic polymerization
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
malaria prevention
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
10. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
B. cereus
protista kingdom
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
11. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Lymph nodes
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
12. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Salmonella
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
differential staining example
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
13. How is chlamydia DX is lab
facultative
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
histoplasmosis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
14. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
Recombination
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
assembly (AV)
microaerophilic
15. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
N. gono causing gono
eukaryotes
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
cell wall - function
16. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Lactose fermenting enterics
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
17. What virus is in the deltavirus family
Diphyllobothrium latum
HDV
Doxycycline
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
18. Pairs
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
arrangements - diplo
19. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Anti - HAVAb IgM
spontaneous generation
Influenza virus
capsid - definition
20. Postviral PNA
Staph or H. flu
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
germination
spontaneous generation
21. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
rough ER
22. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Paragonimus westermani
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
23. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
cilia - function
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
24. Which DNA viruses are not linear
3 groups in archaea
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Silver stain
Clostridium tetani
25. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Salpingitis
Rickettsia rickettsii
Doxycycline
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
26. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Many treponemas
ribosomes - function
10%; viral
27. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
C. diptheriae
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
C. perfringens
28. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
E. coli
lipids (fats) =
29. What is the H flu vaccine
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Clindamycin or ampicillin
30. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Guillain barre
31. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
amoebic dynsentry
Group B strep
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
32. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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33. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Francisella tularenis
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
34. What feature is unique to shigella
Oral and esophageal thrush
lipids (fats) =
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
35. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
HIV - sexual
Pneumoniae and psittaci
36. Chemical synthesis and food industry
commercial applications
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
All of them
Oral and esophageal thrush
37. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Klebsiella granulomatis
38. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Mice - deer
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Cigar shaped yeast
Louis Pasteur - experiment
39. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Salpingitis
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
40. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
eukarya domain
IgG Anti - HBcAg
chloroplasts - function
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
41. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
No - erythromycin
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
42. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
production of beer and wine
molds
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
43. What does gp41 do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Fusion and entry
coccus
44. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Rickettsia rickettsii
Entamoeba hisotlytica
45. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Louis Pasteur - experiment
replication for eukaryotes
46. meningitis in >60
flagella - function
Actinomyces and nocardia
food thickeners
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
47. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Serratia marcescens
simple staining of bacteria
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Strep bovis - also group D
48. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
eukaryotes
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
49. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
five fields of microbiology
Silver stain
Serratia
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
50. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
B cells
food industry
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
arrangements - staphylo