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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
No envelope
Schistosoma haematobium
Killed/inactivated
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
2. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Immediately upon exposure
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
gram stain - definition
3. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
Bat - racoon - skunk
EBV
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
R. prowazekii
4. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Rickettsia rickettsii
5. Spherical
giardia
Actinomyces
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
coccus
6. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Aseptic meningitis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
complex virus example
7. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Pseudomonas
staining of bacteria
8. Ability to move via flagella
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Mycoplasma
tetanus
motility of bacteria
9. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
10. 80S = 60S + 40S
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Pseudomonas
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
11. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
mycology
Azithromycin
R. prowazekii
12. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
rough ER
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
13. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
arrangements - staphylo
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
replication for prokaryotes
ribosomes - function
14. Thrush
anaerobic
trichomoniasis...
IgG Anti - HBcAg
oral yeast infections =
15. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Severe pneumonia
16. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
17. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
10%; viral
Actinomyces isreallii
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
18. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
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19. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
endocytosis...
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Tellurite agar
20. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
fimbriae - function
M. kansasii
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
glycocalyx - description
21. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
arrangements of bacteria
humans do not have
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Strep pneumo and viridans
22. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
cilia - function
gram- positive stain - color
C. diptheriae
HBV
23. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
histoplasmosis
flagella - function
capsid - function
10 to 12
24. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
chlamydia
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Paracoccidioidomycosis
amoebic dynsentry
25. atypical PNA
Legionella
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
26. What does parvovirus cause
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
27. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Yeast - protazoan
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
28. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
29. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
HIV - malnutrition - death
Protein A - S. aureus
Pen
30. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Common cold and SARS
spiral
31. Clusters
arrangements - staphylo
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
methanogens
32. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Clostridium tetani
smooth ER
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
33. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Brucella sp
M. tuberculosis
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
34. What is HBeAg
Bat - racoon - skunk
plasmid - definition
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Owl's eye inculsions
35. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
envelope is composed of...
fermentation - definition
Enterobacter cloacae
36. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
replication for eukaryotes
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
37. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
S. aureus
38. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
envelope is composed of...
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
39. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
gram stain - definition
D- K
Coagulation cascade - DIC
40. Paramecium
Ancylostoma - necator
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Chronic disease - positive during window period
cilia
41. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
HHV-8 - KS
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
42. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
Rickettsia rickettsii
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
HSV-2 - genital herpes
43. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
chromosome - function
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Endosymbiotic Theory
44. Minor changes based on random mutation
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Genetic drift - epidemic
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
45. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
46. What stain shows legionella
Streptococcus mutans
Silver stain
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
47. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
five kingdoms of microorganisms
malaria
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Pen
48. Are there carriers for HDV
acid- fast organism - definition
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Yes
Strep bovis - also group D
49. PNA in CF
Pseudomonas
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
50. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
PHV
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Treponema