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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the pathophys of mucor
Paramyxovirus; measles
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Anti - HBsAb
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

2. pus - empyema - abcess
Campylobacter
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
S. aureus
Aerosal - from environmental water source

3. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
polyhedral shape - defintion
R. prowazekii

4. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
double- stranded DNA
endospores - definition
8 - orthomyoxovirus
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2

5. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Francisella tularenis
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Candida and aspergillus
Francesco Redi - experiment

6. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Bordetella pertussis
Mice - deer
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV

7. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
acid- fast - color
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

8. PNA in CF - burn
Pseudomonas
Staph or H. flu
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein

9. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Lazzaro Spallanzani
acid- fast - color

10. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

11. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
ribosomes - function
Many treponemas
JC virus causing PML
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

12. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
arrangements - diplo
arrangements - staphylo
Protein A - S. aureus
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

13. What are gp120 and gp41 together
10%; viral
Envelope proteins
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Anti - HAVAb IgM

14. What is the treatment for syphillis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
replication (AV)
Metronidazole
Pen

15. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
single- stranded DNA

16. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
<30 - military - prisons
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Crohns or appendicitis
importance of microorganisms

17. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
Candida and aspergillus
nucleic acid
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
spiral

18. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Unimmunised kids
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Candida albicans
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

19. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
C. diptheriae
Avain resevoir
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes

20. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Antigen in vaccines
Actic polymerization

21. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
M. tuberculosis
mycology
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH

22. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Spikes
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Common cold
Klebsiella granulomatis

23. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Does not ferment sorbitol
cytoplasm - definition
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

24. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
dormant
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Clindamycin or ampicillin
protozoology

25. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Fusion and entry
HIV - AIDS
methanogens

26. Tightly coiled
Mononuclear cells
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
spiral - spirochete
antibiotics

27. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Killed/inactivated

28. What can PID cause
gram- positive stain - explanation
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

29. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Clostridium botulinum
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

30. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Yes
S. aureus
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg

31. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Bordetella pertussis
Candida albicans
Metabolic activity without division
chloroplasts - function

32. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
polyhedral shape - defintion
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Neuraminidase
osmotic pressure

33. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Severe bacteremia - death
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

34. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
acid- fast organism - definition
Children
Schistosoma haematobium
Toxplasmosis

35. What are the markers of Hep immunity
complex virus example
Salmonella
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Anti - HBsAb

36. Prevents contraction of muscles
Group B strep
Sporothrix schenckii
flaccid paralysis
viral shapes

37. Multicellular and aerobic
molds
HIV - sexual
antibiotics
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

38. What are the symptoms of mumps
CMV - RSV
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

39. Where do EBV cells remain latent
Rubella - respiratory droplets
envelope - definition
B cells
John Needham

40. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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41. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Azithromycin
Palivizumab

42. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Nematode in undercooked meat

43. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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44. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Doxycycline
Elementary body
Cell Theory

45. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
not acid- fast - colo
Meningococci
Streptococcus mutans

46. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
R. prowazekii
molds
Yeast - protazoan

47. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
fermentation - definition

48. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
Aseptic meningitis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
characteristics of bacteria (5)

49. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
mitochondria - function
hypertonic solution
viral shapes
eukaryotic organelles (5)

50. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
capsid - function
Pseudomonas
Double zone of hemolysis
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox