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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
Campylocobacter jejuni
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

2. fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or rhizopus
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

3. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
trichomoniasis symptoms
monera kingdom

4. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Bacillus anthracis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN

5. What organisms stain with PAS

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6. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
endospores - definition
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
histoplasmosis
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

7. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Staph make it - strep don't
M. pneumoniae
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

8. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
taxonomic hierarchy
Aseptic meningitis
glycocalyx - function
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

9. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Salmonella
helical shape - definition
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

10. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Malignant otitis externa
C. diff
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

11. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

12. What is Anti - HBeAg
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
plasmid - definition
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability

13. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

14. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

15. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Pseudomonas
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
HIV - malnutrition - death
polyhedral shape - defintion

16. Where does group B strep colonize
Klebsiella granulomatis
Vagina
Treponema - primary syphillis
endocytosis...

17. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Paramyxovirus; measles
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Salmonella typhi

18. How do you treat lyme disease
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Yersinia pestis

19. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
capsid is composed of...
Negative
polyhedral shape - defintion
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool

20. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Proteus mirabilis
taxonomic hierarchy
mycoplasma (5) - description
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

21. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Clostridium perfringens

22. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
they are eukaryotes
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

23. How is chlamydia DX is lab
flagella - description
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

24. What bug produces a yellow pigment
fermentation - definition
S. aureus
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Type B protease IgA

25. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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26. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Staph or H. flu
adsorption (B)

27. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
Viral gastroenteritis
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

28. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
differential staining of bacteria
Common cold and SARS
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

29. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Bacterial superinfection
Pasteurella multocida
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

30. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Attachment to host T cell
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

31. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Cigar shaped yeast
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

32. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Malignant otitis externa
HIV - malnutrition - death
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Crohns or appendicitis

33. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
flagella - function
S. aureus
bacillus
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

34. Histoplasmosis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Yeast - protazoan

35. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Koch's Postulates 3
gram- negative stain - color

36. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
H flu
HBV from needle stick
Spikes

37. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
HHV-6 roseola
Neisseria
Palivizumab
Protein A - S. aureus

38. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Teichoic acid
arrangements of bacteria

39. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
they are eukaryotes
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
cytoplasm - definition
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus

40. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Cryptosporidium
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

41. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
molds
DNA hepadnavirus
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

42. What virus is in the deltavirus family
Rapid cell division
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
HDV

43. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Serratia marcescens
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

44. PNA in immunCised
HIV - malnutrition - death
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Azithromycin
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

45. Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift - epidemic
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
protozoan infections (5)

46. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
No envelope

47. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
HHV 6 - roseola
replication for eukaryotes
B cells

48. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Pasteurella multocida
virus example
Crohns or appendicitis

49. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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50. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
five fields of microbiology
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
gram- positive cell wall
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia