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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
John Needham
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
antibiotics
osmotic lysis

2. Comma- shaped
Rifampin
gram- positive cell wall
spiral - vibrio
capsid - definition

3. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces isreallii
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus

4. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
bacteriophage - definition
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

5. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
glycocalyx - description
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

6. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
glycocalyx - function
chromosome - function
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

7. What are the only circular DNA viruses
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
bacteria domain
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

8. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Pseudomonas
HIV - malnutrition - death
60%; viruses

9. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Louis Pasteur
capsid - definition
10%; viral

10. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Mycobacterium
Genetic shift - pandemic

11. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Histoplasmosis
Rose gardner's

12. Clusters
arrangements - staphylo
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Entertoxigenic E. coli

13. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Sporothrix schenckii
arrangements - staphylo
Echinococcus granulosus
what envelope contains

14. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
HBV from needle stick
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
how wine is spoiled

15. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

16. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Actinomyces isreallii
Entamoeba histolytica
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

17. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

18. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
flagella - description
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

19. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

20. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
rough ER
nucleic acid
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Meningococci

21. rubeola - lots of spots
Francesco Redi
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Pseudomonas
Paramyxovirus; measles

22. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
three domains of microorganisms
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev

23. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
EBV
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Malignant otitis externa
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

24. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Oral and esophageal thrush
M. tuberculosis
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

25. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
endospores are resistant to (4)
Pregnant women
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

26. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
eukaryotes
Motility - protein
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
arrangements of bacteria

27. variola - lots of spots
microbiology
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Azithromycin
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV

28. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Endosymbiotic Theory
molds
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

29. B12 def - parasite
bacteria domain
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Influenza virus
Diphyllobothrium latum

30. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Dipicolinic acid
mitochondria - function
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

31. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Borrelia burgdorferi
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
VZV - chickenpox
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis

32. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
HIV - sexual
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Cholesterol

33. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Measles rubeola - measles
yeast
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

34. Helical - polyhedral - complex
trichomoniasis symptoms
viral shapes
bacteriology
infection process of animal viruses (6)

35. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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36. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
replication for eukaryotes
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Bacteria - STD

37. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Only humoral - stable
C tetani
taxonomic hierarchy
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

38. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Metabolic activity without division
importance of microorganisms
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

39. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Superantigen
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Antigen in vaccines

40. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Staph or H. flu
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Does not ferment sorbitol
bacteria domain

41. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Histoplasmosis
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Does not ferment sorbitol
60%; viruses

42. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Sexual activity - but not an STI
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

43. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
candidiasis
spiral - spirochete
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
E. Coli

44. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
Treponema - primary syphillis
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

45. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Ring enhancing brain lesions
giardia
Elementary body
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

46. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Measles

47. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Immediately upon exposure
assembly (AV)
Gambiense - rhodesiense

48. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Metabolic activity without division
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Negative

49. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Toxoplasmosis
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Gambiense - rhodesiense
food industry

50. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
eukarya domain
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
CMV retinitis