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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Bacteriophage
Children
pseudopodia
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
complex virus example

2. Comma- shaped
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
spiral - vibrio

3. Will show size and arrangement
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
S - definition
simple staining of bacteria
HAV - RNA picornavirus

4. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Lazzaro Spallanzani
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Salmonella

5. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
simple staining of bacteria
PHV
gram- positive stain - color

6. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
spontaneous generation example
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

7. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
biogenesis
adsorption (B)
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Shigella

8. rubeola - lots of spots
adsorption (B)
pseudopodia
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Paramyxovirus; measles

9. liver cysts - parasite
Echinococcus granulosus
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
release (AV)
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

10. variola - lots of spots
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Rubella
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

11. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
chemical synthesis...
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Toxo crosses the placenta

12. How does TSST work
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Streptococcus - staphylococus

13. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Legionella
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

14. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Theory of Biogenesis
S. aureus
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata

15. What is the triad of HUS
gram- positive stain - color
Campylocobacter jejuni
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure

16. What is a positive Monospot test
Echinococcus granulosus
Lactose fermenting enterics
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)

17. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
Children
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Strep bovis - also group D
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

18. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
chloroplasts - function
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Palivizumab

19. 80S = 60S + 40S
lipids (fats) =
plasmolysis
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
HCV

20. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
hypotonic solution
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Lower lobe

21. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Antigen in vaccines
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

22. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Virbrio cholera

23. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
flagella - function
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)

24. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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25. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
Sacral ganglia
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
PCR/Viral load

26. Capitalized/italics or underlined
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Borrelia burgdorferi
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
genus

27. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
HBV from needle stick
IgG Anti - HBcAg
glycocalyx - function

28. Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift - epidemic
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

29. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
bacteriology
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
10 to 12
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

30. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
H flu type B
IVDU
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1

31. When do gram pos rods form spores
smooth ER
DNA hepadnavirus
When nutriets are limited
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

32. Apiration PNA - orgs
Yes
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Anaerobes
M. pneumoniae

33. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

34. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Azithromycin
HHV-8 - KS
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

35. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Serratia marcescens
ribosomes - function
Only humoral - stable
Nocardia asteroides

36. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Robert Hooke
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus

37. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

38. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Elementary body
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
100 micrometers
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

39. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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40. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Viral gastroenteritis
flaccid paralysis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN

41. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Capsid protein
Malignant otitis externa
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

42. pos PAS stain

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43. HaemoPhilus causes....
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
release (AV)
H. pylori

44. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Streptococcus mutans
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

45. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Lymph nodes
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

46. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Beta hemolytic
Parvoviridae
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Mumps virus - mumps

47. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Only humoral - stable

48. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Beta hemolytic
differential staining of bacteria

49. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Clostridium botulinum
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Actinomyces israeli

50. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
C. botulinum
H flu
medical important mycobacteria
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate

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Microbiology

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