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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
archaea domain
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
rickettsia

2. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

3. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Nematode in undercooked meat
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

4. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
rough ER
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
arrangements - staphylo
Resistant

5. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Group B strep
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
double- stranded RNA

6. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

7. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
candidiasis
bacteriophage - definition
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Group B strep

8. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
endospores - definition
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

9. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Immediately upon exposure
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor

10. Size - cell structure - replication
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

11. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Anti - HBsAb
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

12. Postviral PNA
Staph or H. flu
Campylocobacter jejuni
JC virus causing PML
fungal infection examples (3)

13. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Gambiense - rhodesiense
taxonomic hierarchy
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
spiral - vibrio

14. What stain shows legionella
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Silver stain
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Pseudomonas

15. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
spontaneous generation example
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
HHV-6 roseola
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

16. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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17. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

18. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Syphillis - sexual contact
Starts quickly and ends quickly
they are eukaryotes

19. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
HHV-8 - KS

20. How are rickettsiae transmitted
Unimmunised kids
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Klebsiella
All except coxiella are via arthropod

21. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
single- stranded DNA
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death

22. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Clostridium perfringens
CMV - RSV
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Spikes

23. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Robert Koch
Legionella
what envelope contains

24. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Doxycycline
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life

25. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Pasteurella multocida
Clostridia

26. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
aerobic
Transformation or competence
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Bacteria - STD

27. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Rapid cell division
lysis
protista kingdom
Mycoplasma

28. Agar
capsid - definition
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
red algae make
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

29. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
rickettsia

30. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
yeast
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

31. What are the symptoms of mumps
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Treponema - primary syphillis
Entertoxigenic E. coli

32. yeast - molds - mushrooms
chloroplasts - function
fungi kingdom
specialized flagella
Attachment to host T cell

33. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Sporothrix schenckii
plant kingdom
Neisseria
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

34. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures

35. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Salmonella
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
CMV

36. Minor changes based on random mutation
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Genetic drift - epidemic
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block

37. Ability to move via flagella
John Needham
motility of bacteria
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis

38. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
microbiology
Yeast - protazoan
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Pneumoniae and psittaci

39. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
monera kingdom
Mumps virus - mumps
B cells
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

40. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria

41. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Spikes
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mumps virus - mumps
methanogens

42. liver cysts - parasite
Echinococcus granulosus
chromosome - function
S - definition
chromosome - description

43. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
facultative
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
endocytosis...
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

44. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Theory of Biogenesis
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
myc/myo means
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture

45. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
gram- positive stain - explanation
spiral
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

46. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Brucella sp
Beta hemolytic

47. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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48. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
chromosomes in nucleus are...
<30 - military - prisons
Syphillis - sexual contact
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

49. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
endocytosis...
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
L1 - L2 - L3

50. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
replication for prokaryotes
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva