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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
spiral - spirillum
Borrelia burgdorferi
envelope - definition
Lazzaro Spallanzani

2. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
E. coli - proteus
virus example
Mycoplasma

3. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Tellurite agar

4. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
H. pylori
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

5. Postviral PNA
Staph or H. flu
protozoan infections (5)
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

6. Study of viruses
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
virology

7. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
acid- fast organism - definition

8. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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9. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
R. typhi
Entamoeba histolytica
Anti - HAVAb IgM
8 - orthomyoxovirus

10. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
antibiotics
flagella
rough ER

11. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
commercial applications
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

12. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease

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13. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Sporothrix schenckii
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

14. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Salpingitis
Mumps virus - mumps

15. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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16. yeast infection
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
candidiasis

17. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Saucer shaped yeast forms
N. gono causing gono
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Pseudomonas

18. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Actic polymerization
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Viral gastroenteritis
acid- fast organism - definition

19. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Clindamycin or ampicillin
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Genetic shift - pandemic

20. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
H flu
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

21. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
gram stain - definition
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
HIV - AIDS

22. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
PCR/Viral load
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
C. botulinum
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole

23. hemoptysis - parasite
S. aureus
Elementary body
Paragonimus westermani
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

24. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
cilia - function
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
E. coli
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

25. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
chloroplasts - function

26. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
cytoplasm - definition
humans do not have
how many degrees celsius for mold?

27. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Negative
Koch's Postulates 2
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Neisseria

28. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
cytoplasm - definition
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
facultative

29. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Legionella
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Nematode in undercooked meat

30. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
No cell wall
Legionella

31. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
H. pylori
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
lysozyme
Koch's Postulates 3

32. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

33. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
oral yeast infections =
red tide
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Campylobacter

34. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
aerobic
Staph or enteric GNR
Palivizumab
Tetracycline or erythromycin

35. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Histoplasmosis
H flu type B
flagella
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

36. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Actinomyces israeli
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
HIV - malnutrition - death

37. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Pseudomonas
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Francesco Redi - experiment

38. What is the H flu vaccine
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Anti - HBsAb

39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Killed viral vaccine
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
JC virus causing PML

40. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
E. coli
fungi
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation

41. bilateral bells palsy
Metronidazole
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
icosahedron
Borrelia burgdorferi

42. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
halophiles
Cholesterol
mycoplasma (5) - description
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

43. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Viral gastroenteritis
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
special staining of bacteria
M. avium intracellulare

44. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
<30 - military - prisons
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
10 to 12

45. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Campylocobacter jejuni
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Streptococcus mutans
medical important mycobacteria

46. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
flaccid paralysis
Francesco Redi - experiment
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
germination

47. What is in pneumovax
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Viridans group streptococci

48. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Salmonella

49. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Tellurite agar
rough ER
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

50. What does aspergillus cause

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