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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
release (AV)
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

2. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
antibiotics
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
nucleic acid
Teichoic acid

3. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever

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4. What does rhinovirus do
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
replication (B)
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Common cold

5. What is the triad of HUS
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Nocardia asteroides
John Needham - experiment

6. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Gardnerella vaginalis

7. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Nucleus - except parvovirus
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

8. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Antigen in vaccines

9. what dpes gp120 do
peptidoglycan - definition
Attachment to host T cell
production of beer and wine
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

10. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
All of them
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Reassortment

11. What is the nl flora on the skin
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
chromosome - function
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
S. epidermidis

12. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
Cyanophora paradoxa
Bacteria - STD
differential staining example
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

13. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
ribosomes - function
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
biggest danger of toxplasmosis

14. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
HCV

15. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
ribosomes - function
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
capsid - definition
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

16. Agar
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
red algae make
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

17. What is the TX for gardnerella
Metronidazole
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Vagina

18. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

19. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Schistosoma haematobium
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
HEV

20. Study of viruses
virology
HDV
Metabolic activity without division
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

21. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Elementary body
Yeast - protazoan
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

22. What does gonococi cause
dormant
Koch's Postulates 3
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

23. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
single- stranded DNA
Lepromatous
Rubella german measles
Beta hemolytic

24. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Mice - deer
Anaerobes
Muramic acid
Antigen in vaccines

25. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Bordetella pertussis
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella

26. Some algae
plant kingdom
Actinomyces
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

27. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Influenza virus
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Staph saprophyticus
monera kingdom

28. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

29. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Endosymbiotic Theory
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

30. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
All of them
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather

31. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

32. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
genus
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

33. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Mumps virus - mumps
production of beer and wine
E. coli 0157:H7
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive

34. What is Anti - HBeAg
Gardnerella vaginalis
plasmolysis
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

35. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
pseudopodia
HHV-8 - KS
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

36. What are the symptoms of mumps
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Type B protease IgA
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

37. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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38. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
HBV from needle stick
Starts quickly and ends quickly
nucleus
cytoplasm - definition

39. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
C. perfringens
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

40. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
plasmid - definition
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP

41. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
H. pylori
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure

42. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
L1 - L2 - L3
CMV - RSV
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

43. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
capsid - definition
Meningococci
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

44. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
basic shapes of bacteria
HHV-6 roseola
how do viruses take over a host cell?

45. How is Hfr made
Mice - deer
Trigeminal ganglia
C. diptheriae
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

46. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
HHV-6 roseola
trichomoniasis symptoms
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer

47. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Aseptic meningitis
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
L1 - L2 - L3
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI

48. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

49. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Dipoid RNA
M. pneumoniae
histoplasmosis
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

50. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Treponema
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
animal kingdom

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