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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
commercial applications
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Paracoccidioidomycosis
C. diff

2. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Toxoplasmosis
mycolic acid - definition
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)

3. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
All of them
candidiasis
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Salmonella

4. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
gram- positive stain - explanation
Rapid cell division
Staph saprophyticus
Children

5. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Bat - racoon - skunk
taxonomic hierarchy
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Ring enhancing brain lesions

6. What is the nl flora on the skin
fungi
M. tuberculosis
S. epidermidis
importance of microorganisms

7. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
bacteriology
CMV - RSV
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

8. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
PCR/Viral load

9. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Bartonella sp
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
single- stranded DNA
Pseudomonas

10. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
amoebic dynsentry
Syphillis - sexual contact

11. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Paragonimus westermani
M. pneumoniae
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Acute/recent infection

12. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
glycocalyx - description
cilia - function
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

13. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
HIV - sexual
Elementary body
Rickettsia rickettsii
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

14. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Parvo - single stranded
Louis Pasteur
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

15. Mild respiratory infection
osmotic pressure
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
double- stranded RNA

16. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Staph saprophyticus
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Louis Pasteur

17. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Spikes
M. avium intracellulare
C. diptheriae

18. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
malaria
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
helical shape - definition
Candida and aspergillus

19. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Staph saprophyticus
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

20. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
pseudopodia

21. Virus is engulfed by host cell
endocytosis...
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Enterobacter cloacae
amoebic dynsentry

22. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
protozoology
HHV-8 - KS
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

23. 37 celsius
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
HIV - sexual
R. prowazekii

24. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
No cell wall
Legionella
H flu

25. Sporulation
chlamydia
endospores are formed via
Epiglottitis H flu type B
uncoating (AV)

26. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
60%; viruses
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel

27. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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28. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Negative
spontaneous generation example

29. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Viridans group streptococci
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Salmonella
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

30. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Doxycycline
replication for eukaryotes
Paragonimus westermani

31. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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32. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

33. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Actic polymerization

34. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
C. perfringens
Rose gardner's
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
differential staining of bacteria

35. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Hemagluttin
red tide
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
giardia

36. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Lepromatous
10%; viral
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

37. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Only humoral - stable
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact

38. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone

39. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Streptococcus - staphylococus
protozoology
Viridans group streptococci
flagella

40. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Severe bacteremia - death
Enterobacter cloacae

41. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
cilia
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Spikes
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

42. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
virus example
mycolic acid - definition
arrangements of bacteria

43. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
gram- negative cell wall
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
peptidoglycan - definition

44. What are the symptoms of mumps
EBV
Koch's Postulates 2
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
eukaryotic organelles - definition

45. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Malignant otitis externa
red algae make
acid- fast - color
Antigen in urine

46. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Bacterial superinfection
Cell Theory
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

47. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Meningococci
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
staining of bacteria

48. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Oral and esophageal thrush
endocytosis...
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

49. What kind of genome does HIV have
assembly (B)
Bat - racoon - skunk
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Dipoid RNA

50. painless chancre - org and dz
Treponema - primary syphillis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Beta hemolytic
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis