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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Doxycycline
Diphyllobothrium latum
histoplasmosis
2. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Klebsiella pneumo
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
many humans would test antibody positive for this
3. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Vagina
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Yersinia pestis
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
4. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
Anti - HBsAb
rough ER
Louis Pasteur
Staph or H. flu
5. What does Rubella virus cause
pasteurization
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Actinomyces and nocardia
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
6. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
EBV
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
7. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
8. What does rubeloa virus cause
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
9. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
10. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Guillain barre
Chronic disease - positive during window period
DNA hepadnavirus
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
11. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
spiral
Entamoeba histolytica
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
12. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
hypertonic solution
replication for prokaryotes
100 micrometers
Toxoplasmosis
13. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
chemical synthesis...
Rubella german measles
Mice - deer
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
14. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
virus example
15. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
complex virus example
envelope - definition
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
virus example
16. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Common cold
17. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Anaerobes
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Pseudomonas
18. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
capsid - function
arrangements - diplo
Klebsiella
19. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Rifampin
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
20. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Cmv
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
21. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
polyhedral shape - defintion
Koch's Postulates 1
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
22. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
food thickeners
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Pox - complex
Attachment to host T cell
23. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
microaerophilic
Koch's Postulates 4
flagella
24. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
golgi complex - function
No envelope
yeast
25. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
Mycoplasma
Measles rubeola - measles
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
H. pylori
26. roseola - lots of spots
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
27. What are the symptoms of TB
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Francesco Redi
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
28. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
29. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
gram- positive stain - explanation
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
30. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
hypotonic solution
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
31. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
arrangements - staphylo
taxonomic hierarchy
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
32. What does adenovirus cause
Mycobacterium
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
S. aureus
33. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
34. What are VRE and What do they cause
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
H flu
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
35. pediatric infxn
H flu
Klebsiella
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Pseudomonas
36. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Spikes
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
37. What is endotoxin
aerobic
Borrelia recurrentis
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
38. What are the viral causes of meningitis
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
acid- fast organism - definition
Yersinia pestis
39. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Staph make it - strep don't
assembly (B)
simple staining of bacteria
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
40. What is legionnaires disease
When nutriets are limited
replication for eukaryotes
Candida
Severe pneumonia
41. surgical wound
arrangements - strepto...
Unimmunised kids
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
S. aureus
42. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Shigella
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Borrelia burgdorferi
43. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
osmotic pressure
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
arrangements - staphylo
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
44. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
Hemagluttin
genus
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
45. What is the triad of HUS
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
46. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
Actinomyces isreallii
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
H. flu
47. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
10%; viral
48. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Fusion and entry
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
49. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
infection process of animal viruses (6)
mycology
50. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
fimbriae - function
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
lipids (fats) =