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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
Measles
helical shape - definition
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
structures of prokaryotic cell

2. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Clostridium perfringens
plant kingdom
envelope - definition
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

3. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
protozoology
microaerophilic

4. What is in pneumovax
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Only borrelia
Immediately upon exposure

5. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
hypotonic solution
protozoa (3)

6. Prokaryotes
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
bacteria domain

7. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
cell wall - function
CMV
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

8. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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9. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Bacterial superinfection
S. aureus
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

10. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
M. tuberculosis
Yersinia enterocolitica
fungal infection examples (3)
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

11. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
Negative
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Transformation or competence

12. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
specific
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
oxygen requirements of bacteria

13. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
S. aureus

14. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

15. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
hypotonic solution
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Influenza virus

16. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
protista kingdom
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
cell wall - function

17. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Azithromycin
Louis Pasteur

18. What does listeria infection cause
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Pseudomonas
Beta hemolytic
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

19. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

20. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
basic shapes of bacteria

21. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
ribosomes - function
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease

22. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
protista kingdom
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Neuraminidase

23. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
arrangements - strepto...
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Bat - racoon - skunk
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

24. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
endospores
Neuraminidase

25. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Sterility
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Diphyllobothrium latum
Brucella sp

26. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
methanogens
five fields of microbiology
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

27. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
gram- positive stain - color
methanogens

28. What are the symptoms of TB
prokaryotes
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

29. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Negative
Trigeminal ganglia
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

30. Which are the herpesviruses
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
M. avium intracellulare
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes

31. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Genetic drift - epidemic
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
DNA hepadnavirus

32. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Serratia marcescens
HIV - AIDS
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
C. perfringens

33. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
medical important mycobacteria
Sacral ganglia
five fields of microbiology

34. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
C. diptheriae
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
gram- negative stain - explanation

35. What does M protein do - who has it
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
humans do not have

36. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
many humans would test antibody positive for this
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

37. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
ribosomes - function
Severe bacteremia - death
Haematobium - bladder
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement

38. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
adsorption (B)
H flu type B
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

39. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Strep pneumo and viridans
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
<30 - military - prisons

40. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

41. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Enterobacter cloacae
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Rubella

42. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Vulvuvaginitis
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Avain resevoir

43. Pairs
arrangements - diplo
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
EBV
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

44. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
C. perfringens
Borrelia burgdorferi
lipids (fats) =

45. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
fungi kingdom
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

46. What is the nl flora in the nose
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
No cell wall

47. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
gram- positive stain - explanation
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Fusion and entry

48. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
candidiasis
Oral and esophageal thrush

49. What is pontiac fever
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

50. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
flagella - function
Staph make it - strep don't
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine