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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
2. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
3. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular
4. Study of protozoans
ABC
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
protozoology
Robert Hooke
5. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
golgi complex - function
trichomoniasis...
Elementary body
6. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Elevated CRP and ESR
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
7. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
algology
Ingestion of preformed toxin
8. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
differential staining example
Paramyxovirus; measles
gram- negative cell wall
9. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
eukaryotes
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
10. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
11. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
spiral
golgi complex - function
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Anti - HBsAb
12. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
nucleic acid
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Entamoeba hisotlytica
13. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
Actinomyces
Sexual activity - but not an STI
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Many treponemas
14. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Pasteurella multocida
plasmid - definition
methanogens
Anaerobes
15. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
M. tuberculosis
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
16. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Immediately upon exposure
candidiasis
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
17. What is HBcAg
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
18. What does papillomovirus cause
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
19. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
20. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Cryptococcus neoformans
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Neisseria
21. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
release (B)
Children
Ingestion of preformed toxin
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
22. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Spikes
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
differential staining example
23. What are the symptoms of TB
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Capsid protein
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
24. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Histoplasmosis
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
25. What does norwalk virus do
Viral gastroenteritis
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
gram- negative stain - explanation
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
26. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Streptococcus mutans
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
27. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
HDV
28. What does catalase do
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Legionella
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
29. What does coronavirus do
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Common cold and SARS
N. gono causing gono
30. 1 - 10 micrometers
Viridans group streptococci
gram- positive stain - explanation
prokaryotes
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
31. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Toxplasmosis
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
32. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
H. pylori
Coagulation cascade - DIC
methanogens
Mice - deer
33. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Mumps virus - mumps
facultative
Recombination
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
34. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Yersinia pestis
Rubella - respiratory droplets
hypertonic solution
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
35. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
H. pylori
36. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Rubella german measles
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Pregnant women
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
37. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
HIV - AIDS
Only humoral - stable
Staph make it - strep don't
Children
38. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
E. Coli
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
39. Cyst with four nuclei
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Sterility
40. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
spiral - spirillum
Superantigen
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
41. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Elevated CRP and ESR
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Clostridium tetani
spiral - spirochete
42. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
43. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
44. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Louis Pasteur
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
mycolic acid - definition
No cell wall
45. Sick cell trait
Metronidazole
Silver stain
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
bacillus
46. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
No cell wall
Histoplasmosis
fermentation - definition
47. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
HHV-8 - KS
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
capsid is composed of...
48. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Protein A - S. aureus
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Cyanophora paradoxa
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
49. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
50. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
CMV retinitis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate