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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How is Hfr made
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Louis Pasteur
2. Rupturing of cell
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Salmonella
lysis
3. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Protein A - S. aureus
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
plasmolysis
4. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
5. Related to a fungus
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
myc/myo means
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
tetanus
6. Virus that infects bacteria
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
bacteriophage - definition
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Children
7. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
C. diptheriae
polyhedral shape - defintion
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
bacteriophage - definition
8. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Spikes
9. Some algae
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
plant kingdom
Gallbladder
10. When is the AIDS dx made
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Genetic shift - pandemic
11. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Salmonella typhi
Palivizumab
R. typhi
12. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
IVDU
Klebsiella pneumo
M. avium intracellulare
13. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Doxycycline
14. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
pseudopodia
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Dark field microscopy
15. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Chronic disease - positive during window period
3 groups in archaea
16. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Staph or H. flu
Enterobacter cloacae
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
trichomoniasis...
17. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Borrelia recurrentis
18. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Koch's Postulates 4
pili - function
S. aureus
19. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Transformation or competence
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
20. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
single- stranded DNA
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
21. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
ribosomes - function
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
flagella - function
22. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Francesco Redi
Measles
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
M. avium intracellulare
23. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Group B strep
replication (AV)
24. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
No - erythromycin
25. Requires absence of oxygen
Paragonimus westermani
HSV-2 - genital herpes
anaerobic
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
26. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Klebsiella
release (B)
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
27. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Clostridium botulinum
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
botulism
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
28. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Only borrelia
29. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Fusion and entry
Metabolic activity without division
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
30. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Tetracycline or erythromycin
31. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
32. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
33. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
S. aureus
Paracoccidioidomycosis
HIV - malnutrition - death
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
34. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
Viridans group streptococci
John Needham - experiment
H flu
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
35. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Louis Pasteur - experiment
36. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Vagina
Pasteurella multocida
yeast
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
37. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
38. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
specific
Severe bacteremia - death
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Cryptosporidium
39. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Pseudomonas
Strep pneumo and viridans
C tetani
40. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
C. perfringens
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Specialized transduction - an excision event
41. traumatic open wound
endospores
John Needham
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
C. perfringens
42. Sick cell trait
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Severe pneumonia
43. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Paracoccidioidomycosis
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
44. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
release (AV)
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
S. aureus
45. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
Severe bacteremia - death
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
46. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Toxo crosses the placenta
Mice - deer
47. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
cilia - function
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
48. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Meningococci
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
arrangements - diplo
49. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Ancylostoma - necator
Mumps virus - mumps
what many pathogenic fungi are
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
50. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Robert Hooke