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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
M. tuberculosis
acid- fast - color
Between 2 and 18 months
pasteurization
2. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
taxonomic hierarchy
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
3. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
histoplasmosis
Elementary body
malaria prevention
gram- negative stain - explanation
4. Virus that infects bacteria
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
bacteriophage - definition
Reassortment
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
5. What does norwalk virus do
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Trigeminal ganglia
Viral gastroenteritis
6. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
halophiles
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
7. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Toxplasmosis
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
8. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Lepromatous
antibiotics
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
9. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Pseudomonas
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
spiral - spirochete
10. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Group B strep
arrangements of bacteria
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
hypertonic solution
11. Mycotoxin
Diphyllobothrium latum
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
cell membrane - definition
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
12. Name the live attenuated vaccines
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13. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Paramyxovirus; measles
Endosymbiotic Theory
rough ER
14. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
Pneumocystis jerovici
Ancylostoma - necator
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Owl's eye inculsions
15. What is in pneumovax
8 - orthomyoxovirus
histoplasmosis
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
HBC - hepatitis B
16. Contains genetic material
chromosome - function
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
M. tuberculosis
Pseudomonas
17. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
viruses
M. avium intracellulare
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Gonococci
18. What does gp41 do
Fusion and entry
replication for prokaryotes
plasmid - definition
Metronidazole
19. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Ancylostoma - necator
No envelope
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
20. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Muramic acid
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
21. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Elevated CRP and ESR
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
22. What is gardnerella associated with
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Killed viral vaccine
dormant
23. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Staph saprophyticus
Crohns or appendicitis
ribosomes - function
24. When is H flu vaccine give
malaria symptoms
Plasmodium
Between 2 and 18 months
fungi kingdom
25. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
endospores
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Salmonella
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
26. Which males have UTIs
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Mucor or rhizopus
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
27. dog or cat bite
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
fermentation - definition
Pasteurella multocida
28. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
29. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
acid- fast organism - definition
Francisella tularenis
Recombination
three domains of microorganisms
30. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Salmonella
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
31. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
PHV
Azithromycin
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
32. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
uncoating (AV)
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Legionella
33. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Francesco Redi
histoplasmosis
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
34. Study of fungi
Type B protease IgA
mycology
chloroplasts - function
Ancylostoma - necator
35. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Prompt oral rehydration
Viridans group streptococci
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Rabies
36. burns or air
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Bacteria - STD
red algae make
Pseudomonas
37. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
gas gangrene
candidiasis
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
M. avium intracellulare
38. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
bacillus
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
39. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
CMV
how wine is spoiled
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
8 - orthomyoxovirus
40. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Nocardia asteroides
methanogens
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Trigeminal ganglia
41. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Common cold and SARS
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
42. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Syphillis - sexual contact
structures of prokaryotic cell
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Cholesterol
43. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
how wine is spoiled
helical shape - definition
CMV
microaerophilic
44. What does neg PPD indicated
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Pseudomonas
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
45. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
capsid is composed of...
fungi
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
46. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Protozoan - STD
Group B strep
Borrelia recurrentis
47. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
taxonomic hierarchy
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
48. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
histoplasmosis
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
49. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Clostridium perfringens
gram stain - definition
Francesco Redi - experiment
50. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
John Needham
Candida albicans
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Only humoral - stable