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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
C tetani
E. coli 0157:H7
100 micrometers
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

2. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Koch's Postulates 2
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
H flu
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

3. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Cyanophora paradoxa
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis

4. Bacteriophage
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Legionella
M. tuberculosis
complex virus example

5. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
lipids (fats) =
Pasteurella multocida
actinomycetes (3) - description

6. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
protozoan infections (5)
facultative
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

7. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
eukaryotic organelles (5)
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

8. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Parvoviridae
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Pneumocystis jerovici
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

9. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

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10. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Chlamydia trachomatis
Schistosoma mansori
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

11. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Staph or enteric GNR
Pseudomonas
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
golgi complex - function

12. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
red tide
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
what many pathogenic fungi are

13. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
R. prowazekii
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

14. Where does group B strep colonize
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Vagina

15. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Endosymbiotic Theory
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

16. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Salmonella
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Neisseria

17. What is the TX for pseudomonas
spiral - vibrio
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

18. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
acid- fast organism - definition

19. Which males have UTIs
prokaryotes
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)

20. How does urinary tract infection present
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
differential staining of bacteria
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Palivizumab

21. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

22. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Silver stain
Clostridium botulinum
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

23. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Enteroinvasive E. coli
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

24. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Clostridium botulinum
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
flaccid paralysis
Meningococci

25. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
trichomoniasis symptoms
Sporothrix schenckii
osmotic pressure
R. typhi

26. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Lower lobe
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
pseudopodia
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

27. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Elevated CRP and ESR
hyperthermophiles

28. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
spontaneous generation
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Koch's Postulates 4

29. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
spontaneous generation
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
chromosomes in nucleus are...

30. Clusters
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
arrangements - staphylo

31. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
M. kansasii
Hemagluttin

32. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Gonococci
cell membrane - function
cell membrane - definition
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

33. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
chlamydia
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

34. How is legionella transmitted
Staph or enteric GNR
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

35. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
CMV - RSV
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
specialized flagella

36. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
microbiology

37. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Pseudomonas
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
trichomoniasis symptoms

38. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

39. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
single- stranded DNA
antibiotics
Children

40. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
ribosomes - function
rickettsia

41. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. aureus
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

42. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Ingestion of preformed toxin
replication for prokaryotes

43. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
ABC
Salpingitis
gram- positive stain - explanation

44. What is a positive Monospot test
Robert Koch
Common cold and SARS
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Pen

45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Clostridium tetani
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

46. liver cysts - parasite
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Echinococcus granulosus
prokaryotes
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

47. Study of bacteria
John Needham - experiment
Cholesterol
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
bacteriology

48. Size - cell structure - replication
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
envelope is composed of...
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Bacillus anthracis
endospores
Cigar shaped yeast

50. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
plasmolysis
Toxoid vaccine
Clindamycin or ampicillin
John Needham - experiment