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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 3 C's for measles
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
monera kingdom
Negative
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

2. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
mitochondria - function
Haematobium - bladder
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
cytoplasm - definition

3. What is the pathophys of mucor
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
C. diptheriae
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

4. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
antibiotics
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
gram- negative cell wall
Klebsiella

5. When do gram pos rods form spores
bacteriology
Ingestion of preformed toxin
protozoology
When nutriets are limited

6. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
malaria prevention
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Bat - racoon - skunk

7. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

8. Where does group B strep colonize
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Vagina
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

9. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Doxycycline
Does not ferment sorbitol
mycology
Echinococcus granulosus

10. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Staph make it - strep don't
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

11. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
mycology
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Elevated CRP and ESR

12. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Clostridia
biogenesis
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Mumps virus - mumps

13. What is the TX for sporthrix
H. pylori
rickettsia
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

14. HaemoPhilus causes....
H. flu
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Pseudomonas
S. aureus

15. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
C tetani
EBV
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
gram- positive cell wall

16. Dimorphic/biphasic
what many pathogenic fungi are
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
aerobic

17. What does gonococi cause
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
special staining of bacteria

18. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Negative
Enteroinvasive E. coli
bacteriophage - definition

19. What are PE signs of PID
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
10 to 12
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

20. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
CMV
8 - orthomyoxovirus
histoplasmosis
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH

21. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

22. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Actic polymerization
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

23. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

24. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
how wine is spoiled
M. avium intracellulare
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
envelope is composed of...

25. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
taxonomic hierarchy

26. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Hemagluttin
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
gram- negative stain - color
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

27. Allgin and carrageenan
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
H flu type B
cilia
food thickeners

28. What is gardnerella associated with
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Sexual activity - but not an STI

29. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
Endosymbiotic Theory
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Common cold

30. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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31. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Doxycycline
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
chlamydia

32. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
envelope - definition
Mycoplasma - have sterols
rough ER

33. What does p24 do
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Superantigen
Capsid protein
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

34. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
gas gangrene
virology
chromosome - function
pasteurization

35. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
R. prowazekii
Beta hemolytic
myc/myo means
HIV - sexual

36. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
gram- negative stain - color
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
chloroplasts - function

37. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
production of beer and wine
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

38. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Lazzaro Spallanzani
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

39. What acid is in the spore core
Dipicolinic acid
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
candidiasis
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton

40. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Does not ferment sorbitol
Nematode in undercooked meat
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

41. What is the TX for gardnerella
biogenesis
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Lepromatous
Metronidazole

42. ____ do no treat viral infections
Envelope proteins
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
antibiotics
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

43. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Surfers in the tropics
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

44. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Cell Theory
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Double zone of hemolysis
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

45. 37 celsius
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
acid- fast organism - definition
assembly (AV)
what envelope contains

46. May carry genes for antibiotic resistance - toxin production - synthesis of enzymes
chemical synthesis...
plasmid - function
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Nucleus - except parvovirus

47. Contains genetic material
chromosome - function
penetration (AV)
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
endospores are resistant to (4)

48. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
E. coli - proteus
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
cilia

49. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Resistant
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Teichoic acid
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2

50. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
HIV - AIDS
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Tellurite agar