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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
structures of prokaryotic cell
motility of bacteria
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Rabies
2. Apiration PNA - orgs
lysozyme
Anaerobes
Metronidazole
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
3. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
viruses
simple staining of bacteria
C. botulinum
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
4. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
flagella
capsid - definition
fungi kingdom
5. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
C. botulinum
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
gas gangrene
Yersinia pestis
6. traumatic open wound
C. perfringens
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
PCR/Viral load
HIV - AIDS
7. What are the three forms of prion diesase
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
8. taenia solium - tricky Ts
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
9. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
10. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
HBV
three domains of microorganisms
Beta hemolytic
chlamydia
11. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
biogenesis
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Protein A - S. aureus
plant kingdom
12. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
pili - function
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
13. Ability to move via flagella
Vagina
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
motility of bacteria
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
14. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
pili - function
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
15. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
anaerobic
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Klebsiella granulomatis
E. coli - proteus
16. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Mycoplasma - have sterols
17. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Bacillus anthracis
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
18. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Prompt oral rehydration
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Common cold and SARS
19. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
Chronic disease - positive during window period
gram stain - definition
100 micrometers
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
20. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
humans do not have
Chlamydia trachomatis
Cell Theory
Protozoan - STD
21. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Histoplasmosis
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Acid fast organisms
22. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
endospores are resistant to (4)
23. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
Virbrio cholera
S. aureus
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
24. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Dipicolinic acid
Salpingitis
Salmonella
spontaneous generation
25. roseola - lots of spots
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
S. aureus
viruses
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
26. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
aerobic
genus
helical shape - definition
tetanus
27. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
Reassortment
Parvoviridae
importance of microorganisms
food industry
28. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
C. diptheriae
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Candida
29. Prokaryotes
bacteria domain
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
C. perfringens
acid- fast - color
30. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular
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31. PNA in CF
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Pseudomonas
what many pathogenic fungi are
Measles
32. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Starts quickly and ends quickly
chromosome - description
Vagina
33. Herpes - warts
Does not ferment sorbitol
double- stranded DNA
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
chemical synthesis...
34. How is Hfr made
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
smooth ER
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
35. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
methanogens
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
36. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Common cold
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
37. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
endospores are formed via
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
38. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Metronidazole
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
basic shapes of bacteria
gram- negative cell wall
39. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Acid fast organisms
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
40. What does M protein do - who has it
Robert Hooke
Sporothrix schenckii
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
41. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
envelope is composed of...
S. aureus
Crohns or appendicitis
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
42. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
facultative
Lower lobe
Killed/inactivated
60%; viruses
43. chronic granulomatous disease
Elementary body
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
44. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Louis Pasteur
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
45. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
helical shape - definition
Pseudomonas
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
46. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Enterobacter cloacae
47. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
IVDU
S. epidermidis
protozoan infections (5)
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
48. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Pseudomonas
production of beer and wine
interferon
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
49. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
food industry
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
50. What are gp120 and gp41 together
gram- positive cell wall
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Envelope proteins