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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
five fields of microbiology
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Common cold
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
2. Prevents contraction of muscles
flaccid paralysis
100 micrometers
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
3. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
gram- positive cell wall
HCV
release (AV)
nucleus
4. Which are the herpesviruses
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
No cell wall
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
5. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
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6. Protein synthesis
single- stranded RNA
ribosomes - function
Antigen in vaccines
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
7. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
rough ER
8. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
chloroplasts - function
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
9. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Salmonella
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
John Needham - experiment
10. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Hemagluttin
Salmonella
Streptococcus - staphylococus
11. Study of viruses
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Genetic drift - epidemic
virology
fimbriae - function
12. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Fusion and entry
medical important mycobacteria
cilia
Strep bovis - also group D
13. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
ribosomes - function
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
14. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
HDV
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Plasmodium
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
15. Pink
acid- fast - color
spiral - spirochete
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Mucor or rhizopus
16. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
17. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Treponema
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
18. What virus is in the deltavirus family
three domains of microorganisms
biogenesis
HDV
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
19. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
mycolic acid - definition
gas gangrene
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
20. Blue
eukaryotes
Candida
not acid- fast - colo
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
21. Contains genetic material
HBV
Mononuclear cells
chromosome - function
Klebsiella
22. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
Salmonella
Elevated CRP and ESR
fungi
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
23. hemoptysis - parasite
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Paragonimus westermani
24. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Candida albicans
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
25. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
aerobic
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
26. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Chlamydia trachomatis
27. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
archaea domain
gram- negative cell wall
28. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Common cold and SARS
methanogens
Cigar shaped yeast
oral yeast infections =
29. pediatric infxn
H flu
Hemagluttin
Palivizumab
humans do not have
30. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
H. pylori
Killed viral vaccine
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Parvo - single stranded
31. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
arrangements - staphylo
32. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Acid fast organisms
tetanus
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
specific
33. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Legionella
many humans would test antibody positive for this
eukarya domain
Louis Pasteur
34. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Cryptosporidium
Envelope proteins
35. What does neg PPD indicated
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
commercial applications
chromosomes in nucleus are...
36. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Cryptococcus neoformans
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
37. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Group B strep
arrangements - diplo
38. rubella - lots of spots
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
39. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Bacterial superinfection
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
40. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
helical shape - definition
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
41. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Type B protease IgA
mycoplasma (5) - description
Actinomyces
42. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Bacillus anthracis
Staph or enteric GNR
Bordetella pertussis
43. How is Hfr made
Lower lobe
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
44. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
45. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
John Needham - experiment
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
mycoplasma (5) - description
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
46. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
Rabies
Toxoplasmosis
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
47. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
taxonomic hierarchy
Parvoviridae
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
48. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
ribosomes - function
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Virbrio cholera
49. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
spiral - vibrio
No cell wall
50. What is the nl flora of the colon
Robert Koch
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
endocytosis...
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia