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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the nl flora on the skin
S. epidermidis
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Meningococci
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

2. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Cell Theory
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
importance of microorganisms
arrangements - strepto...

3. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Killed/inactivated
osmotic lysis
Enterobacter cloacae
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

4. What are the killed viral vaccines
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Silver stain
Clonorchis sinensis
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

5. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Killed/inactivated
<30 - military - prisons
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
nucleus

6. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas
D- K
Cholesterol
Type B protease IgA

7. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Mononuclear cells
M. tuberculosis
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)

8. Which DNA viruses are not linear
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

9. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
S. aureus
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Campylocobacter jejuni

10. fungal infection in diabetic
Legionella
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Mucor or rhizopus
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)

11. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Rubella german measles
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
EBV

12. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Influenza virus
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

13. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Virbrio cholera
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

14. rubella - lots of spots
3 groups in archaea
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

15. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
Pregnant women
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Immediately upon exposure

16. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
glycocalyx - description
basic shapes of bacteria
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Bartonella henselae

17. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
R. typhi
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI

18. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Nematode in undercooked meat
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
gram stain - definition
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

19. burns or air
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
flagella
Pseudomonas

20. In who does HEV have high mortality
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Pregnant women
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Elementary body

21. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
bacteriophage - definition

22. Which nematodes are ingested
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
differential staining of bacteria
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

23. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
M. kansasii
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Klebsiella
Rabies

24. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Many treponemas
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
food thickeners

25. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
oxygen requirements of bacteria
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
virus example

26. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Clindamycin or ampicillin
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

27. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
microbiology
C. diff
species
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH

28. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Capsid protein
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Elementary body

29. What is the TX for chlamydia
Salmonella
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Azithromycin

30. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
E. Coli
Campylobacter
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide

31. Study of protozoans
what many pathogenic fungi are
Syphillis - sexual contact
Pasteurella multocida
protozoology

32. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Rubella german measles
Children
Cmv

33. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
replication (AV)
Entamoeba histolytica

34. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
L1 - L2 - L3
Pseudomonas
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

35. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
B cells
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Mycobacterium

36. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
pasteurization
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Cmv
differential staining of bacteria

37. How do you treat lyme disease
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Capsid protein
cytoplasm - definition
tetanus

38. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Shigella
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

39. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
HIV - malnutrition - death
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

40. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
Pseudomonas
they are eukaryotes
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Avain resevoir

41. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Echinococcus granulosus
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
B cells
gram stain - definition

42. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
HBV
Rickettsia rickettsii
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
S. aureus

43. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
viruses
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia

44. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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45. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Metronidazole
Meningococci
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
When nutriets are limited

46. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
commercial applications
R. prowazekii
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

47. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
red tide
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Specialized transduction - an excision event

48. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
necrosis
spontaneous generation example
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

49. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
malaria symptoms
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Clostridium botulinum
Paramyxovirus; measles

50. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
VZV - chickenpox
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+