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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
Koch's Postulates 1
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Yersinia enterocolitica
HBC - hepatitis B
2. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Motility - protein
3. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
S. aureus
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
4. What does gp41 do
Fusion and entry
Anaerobes
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
5. pos PAS stain
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6. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
endospores are formed via
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
C. diptheriae
7. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
S. aureus
nucleic acid
cilia
All except coxiella are via arthropod
8. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
five fields of microbiology
<30 - military - prisons
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
9. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
aerobic
Bacteria - STD
Guillain barre
microbiology
10. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
hypotonic solution
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
11. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
Yersinia enterocolitica
Enterobacter cloacae
penetration (B)
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
12. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Koch's Postulates 4
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
bacteriophage - definition
cell membrane - function
13. Sporulation
arrangements of bacteria
Bacterial superinfection
endospores are formed via
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
14. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
virus example
Salmonella
Group B strep - E. coli
Prompt oral rehydration
15. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
16. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
how wine is spoiled
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
M. pneumoniae
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
17. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
10 to 12
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Syphillis - sexual contact
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
18. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
John Needham
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Treponema
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
19. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Candida
20. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
21. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
22. What feature is unique to shigella
Staph make it - strep don't
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Vagina
23. What are the symptoms of diptheria
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
taxonomic hierarchy
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
24. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
they are eukaryotes
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Aseptic meningitis
25. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
polyhedral shape - defintion
importance of microorganisms
Actinomyces israeli
26. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
peptidoglycan - definition
Enterobius
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
27. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
spiral - spirochete
gram- negative stain - explanation
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
protista kingdom
28. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
facultative
bacteria domain
Koch's Postulates 2
29. ____ do no treat viral infections
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
eukaryotes
Serratia
antibiotics
30. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
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31. What are prion disease caused by
Tellurite agar
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
32. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
E. coli
gram- negative cell wall
Cryptosporidium
Strep bovis - also group D
33. Where do EBV cells remain latent
B cells
gram- positive cell wall
E. Coli
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
34. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Entertoxigenic E. coli
replication (AV)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
HBC - hepatitis B
35. Dimorphic/biphasic
polyhedral shape - defintion
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
what many pathogenic fungi are
36. Rod- shaped
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
bacillus
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Borrelia recurrentis
37. Rodent viruses (not very common)
viruses
replication (AV)
single- stranded DNA
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
38. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
CMV - RSV
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Envelope proteins
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
39. Thrush
oral yeast infections =
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
C. diptheriae
40. Cyst with four nuclei
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
HBV
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Entamoeba hisotlytica
41. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Clindamycin or ampicillin
specific
42. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
replication (AV)
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
43. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Louis Pasteur
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
three domains of microorganisms
Silver stain
44. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
acid- fast - color
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
45. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Streptococcus mutans
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
46. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Nocardia asteroides
they are eukaryotes
47. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
molds
release (B)
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Spikes
48. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Diphyllobothrium latum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Echinococcus granulosus
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
49. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Heat labile toxin
50. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
John Needham
Bartonella henselae
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine