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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Acute/recent infection
Actinomyces
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

2. What does group B strep cause
infection process of animal viruses (6)
lipids (fats) =
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Pseudomonas

3. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Candida albicans
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
M. avium intracellulare
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

4. painless chancre - org and dz
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Treponema - primary syphillis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

5. Sporulation
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
endospores are formed via
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

6. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
hypotonic solution
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Rickettsia rickettsii

7. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
eukaryotes
Toxplasmosis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

8. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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9. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Toxoid vaccine
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Salmonella
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

10. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Guillain barre
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Anti - HAVAb IgM

11. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Children

12. 10 - 100 micrometers
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
eukaryotes
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

13. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
importance of microorganisms
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

14. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Campylocobacter jejuni
Syphillis - sexual contact

15. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Toxplasmosis
HHV-8 - KS
microaerophilic
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis

16. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Serratia
ribosomes - function
B. cereus
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

17. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Pseudomonas
Rabies

18. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
dormant
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
ABC

19. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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20. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Yeast - protazoan
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

21. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
lysis
fungi kingdom
nucleic acid

22. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Azithromycin
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH

23. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
plant kingdom
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
special staining of bacteria

24. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Dipicolinic acid
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

25. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
C. botulinum
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
icosahedron
Doxycycline

26. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Doxycycline
Teichoic acid
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

27. What does norwalk virus do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Viral gastroenteritis
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
release (B)

28. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Group B strep

29. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Tetracycline or erythromycin
oral yeast infections =
pseudopodia
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive

30. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Bartonella sp
specialized flagella
replication (B)
E. Coli

31. Binary fission + cytokinesis
replication for prokaryotes
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
No - erythromycin
Malignant otitis externa

32. meningitis in >60
fimbriae - function
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Cigar shaped yeast

33. What can PID cause
archaea domain
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
eukaryotic organelles - definition

34. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Mucor or rhizopus

35. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
M. pneumoniae
Pseudomonas

36. surgical wound
Virbrio cholera
D- K
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
S. aureus

37. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Treponema

38. How is legionella detected clinically
Antigen in urine
Syphillis - sexual contact
Severe pneumonia
adsorption (B)

39. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
S. aureus
gram- negative stain - explanation
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

40. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
chromosome - description
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Avain resevoir

41. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Mononuclear cells
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death

42. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
five kingdoms of microorganisms
microbiology
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

43. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
pasteurization
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on

44. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Guillain barre
Between 2 and 18 months
capsid - definition
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

45. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Negative
Protozoan - STD
Clostridia
algology

46. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

47. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
S. aureus
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
EBV

48. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Shigella
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Pen

49. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
C. diff
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
VZV - chickenpox

50. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
humans do not have
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Killed/inactivated