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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Actinomyces
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

2. What does gp41 do
Fusion and entry
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Children
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA

3. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Yes
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Yersinia enterocolitica
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies

4. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
production of beer and wine
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Klebsiella granulomatis

5. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
ASO titer
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Antigen in urine

6. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
chloroplasts - function
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
S pneumo - GNR - listeria

7. When is H flu vaccine give
Many treponemas
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Between 2 and 18 months
rickettsia

8. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
trichomoniasis symptoms
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

9. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
genus
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

10. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
M. kansasii
Lactose fermenting enterics
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Tetracycline or erythromycin

11. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Pregnant women
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
microbiology

12. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
arrangements of bacteria
Haematobium - bladder
acid- fast organism - definition
uncoating (AV)

13. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
EBV
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
chemical synthesis...

14. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
M. tuberculosis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton

15. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
viral shapes
PHV
Bartonella sp
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

16. Death of tissue
pasteurization
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
double- stranded RNA
necrosis

17. Study of viruses
virology
Paracoccidioidomycosis
taxonomic hierarchy
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not

18. What does norwalk virus do
Viral gastroenteritis
H. flu
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

19. what dpes gp120 do
Syphillis - sexual contact
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Children
Attachment to host T cell

20. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
double- stranded RNA

21. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Negative
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

22. Size - cell structure - replication
cell membrane - definition
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

23. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
John Needham - experiment
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Many treponemas

24. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Koch's Postulates 4
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

25. Will show special structures
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
special staining of bacteria
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
capsid - definition

26. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
red algae make
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
hypertonic solution
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

27. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Avain resevoir
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
HHV-8 - KS
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

28. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Staph make it - strep don't
Unimmunised kids
flagella - function
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

29. Ability to move via flagella
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
motility of bacteria
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

30. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Candida albicans
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

31. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
E. coli
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
chromosome - description
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies

32. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Coagulation cascade - DIC
nucleic acid

33. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
three domains of microorganisms
Pregnant women
hypotonic solution
humans do not have

34. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Surfers in the tropics
adsorption (AV)

35. Which are the herpesviruses
archaea domain
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV

36. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
HDV
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
arrangements - strepto...

37. Provides structure
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
hypertonic solution
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
cell wall - function

38. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
S. aureus
Rubella
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Lower lobe

39. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
importance of microorganisms
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Group B strep
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

40. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
plasmid - definition
eukaryotes
3 groups in archaea
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

41. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Yersinia pestis
EBV
plant kingdom

42. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
mycoplasma (5) - description
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
three domains of microorganisms

43. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Many treponemas
Killed/inactivated
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

44. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
EBV
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
gram- negative stain - explanation
Salpingitis

45. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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46. What is the Ghon complex
Anti - HAVAb IgM
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

47. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Meningococci
mycolic acid - definition
Cyanophora paradoxa

48. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Louis Pasteur - experiment
8 - orthomyoxovirus
microbiology

49. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

50. What does parvovirus cause
Motility - protein
Meningococci
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Measles rubeola - measles