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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does Rubella virus cause
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
EBV
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
2. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Acute/recent infection
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
3. yeast - molds - mushrooms
fungi kingdom
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Clostridium botulinum
4. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Sterility
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
5. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
flagella - function
Candida albicans
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Pets - treat with topical azoles
6. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Type B protease IgA
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
7. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Influenza virus
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
8. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
9. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
cytoplasm - definition
Actinomyces isreallii
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
10. Virus that infects bacteria
Entamoeba histolytica
bacteriophage - definition
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
monera kingdom
11. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
cilia - function
Salmonella
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
12. What kind of genome does HIV have
Dipoid RNA
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Meningococci
13. How do you treat lyme disease
assembly (B)
protozoa (3)
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
14. What bugs are urease pos
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
HHV-6 roseola
15. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
16. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
ribosomes - function
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
S. aureus
17. yeast and mold
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
HHV-8 - KS
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
18. perianal pruritis - parasite
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Enterobius
19. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Severe pneumonia
amoebic dynsentry
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
cell wall - function
20. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
gram- positive stain - color
giardia
Lactose fermenting enterics
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
21. What is the TX for sporthrix
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
22. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
double- stranded RNA
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
23. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Weil Felix test
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
peptidoglycan - definition
24. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
cell membrane - function
uncoating (AV)
25. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
CMV - RSV
E. coli - proteus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
26. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
Rifampin
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
H flu type B
27. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Protein A - S. aureus
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
replication (AV)
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
28. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
osmotic lysis
replication for eukaryotes
29. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Rose gardner's
Yeast - protazoan
glycocalyx - description
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
30. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Brucella sp
31. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Killed viral vaccine
fungal infection examples (3)
red tide
32. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
33. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
E. coli 0157:H7
34. No metabolic activity
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
dormant
HIV - malnutrition - death
Cyanophora paradoxa
35. Pink
gram- positive stain - explanation
Toxo crosses the placenta
R. typhi
acid- fast - color
36. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
red tide
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
HHV 6 - roseola
37. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
germination
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
38. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Reassortment
trichomoniasis...
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
39. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
food industry
100 micrometers
40. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
HBV
Many treponemas
Only humoral - stable
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
41. Where do DNA viruses replicate
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Nucleus - except parvovirus
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
42. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
100 micrometers
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
43. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
N. gono causing gono
No - erythromycin
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
44. In who does HEV have high mortality
viruses
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Pregnant women
Negative
45. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Children
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
fermentation - definition
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
46. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Antigen in vaccines
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Measles
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
47. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
microbiology
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Salmonella typhi
48. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
49. How is legionella transmitted
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
50. What is pontiac fever
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella