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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. meningitis in >60
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
S. epidermidis
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
2. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Campylocobacter jejuni
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
10%; viral
3. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Brucella sp
Pregnant women
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
4. Trichomonas
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
flagella
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
5. What does Rubella virus cause
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Cell Theory
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
6. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
7. What viruses make up the arena virus family
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
8. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Mycoplasma
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
9. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
osmotic lysis
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Parvo - single stranded
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
10. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
ASO titer
11. Related to a fungus
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
myc/myo means
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
12. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Entamoeba hisotlytica
spontaneous generation example
13. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Surfers in the tropics
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Cigar shaped yeast
14. surgical wound
S. aureus
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Acid fast organisms
Diphyllobothrium latum
15. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
microaerophilic
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
16. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
malaria prevention
17. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
B. cereus
Lymph nodes
Staph or H. flu
oxygen requirements of bacteria
18. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Sacral ganglia
hypertonic solution
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
19. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
uncoating (AV)
bacteriology
Actic polymerization
Measles
20. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
complex virus example
Paramyxovirus; measles
Fungi
21. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Actinomyces
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
endospores are resistant to (4)
Lymph nodes
22. How do bacterial capsules function
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
simple staining of bacteria
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
23. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
nucleus
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
flagella - description
HIV - AIDS
24. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Negative
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
25. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
mycoplasma (5) - description
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
26. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Cholesterol
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
biogenesis
27. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
tetanus
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Paramyxovirus; measles
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
28. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
29. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
animal kingdom
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
spiral
30. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Cholesterol
Cyanophora paradoxa
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
31. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
H. flu
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
32. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
production of beer and wine
33. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
34. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
hypertonic solution
differential staining of bacteria
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
staining of bacteria
35. Describe the rabies virus
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
chloroplasts - function
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
36. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
monera kingdom
B. cereus
Muramic acid
37. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Koch's Postulates 4
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
38. atypical PNA
M. tuberculosis
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
chloroplasts - function
39. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Mycobacterium
M. tuberculosis
rough ER
40. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Campylobacter
penetration (AV)
EBV
Acute/recent infection
41. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Candida
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
halophiles
42. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
lysis
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
lipids (fats) =
43. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
facultative
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
44. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
giardia
45. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Doxycycline
46. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
assembly (B)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Borrelia recurrentis
47. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Francisella tularenis
Koch's Postulates 2
malaria
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
48. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
endospores - definition
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
49. asplenic pt
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Lazzaro Spallanzani
50. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase