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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
glycocalyx - function
Coagulation cascade - DIC
antibiotics
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
2. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Rubella german measles
chromosome - description
differential staining of bacteria
3. Fever and chills
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
CMV - RSV
arrangements - diplo
malaria symptoms
4. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
ribosomes - function
Gardnerella vaginalis
8 - orthomyoxovirus
replication for eukaryotes
5. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
flaccid paralysis
6. What bug produces a yellow pigment
S. aureus
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
mitochondria - function
Common cold and SARS
7. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
gas gangrene
differential staining example
arrangements - staphylo
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
8. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
ribosomes - function
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
9. Protein synthesis
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
ribosomes - function
E. coli 0157:H7
10. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Paramyxovirus; measles
Klebsiella granulomatis
humans do not have
Haematobium - bladder
11. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
capsid - function
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
12. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
13. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Rabies
Clostridium perfringens
plasmid - definition
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
14. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Histoplasmosis
Chlamydia trachomatis
15. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
H flu
Clostridia
osmotic pressure
16. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
10%; viral
oxygen requirements of bacteria
17. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
HHV 6 - roseola
Severe bacteremia - death
Sporothrix schenckii
uncoating (AV)
18. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Pseudomonas
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
19. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Common cold
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
facultative
20. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Strep bovis - also group D
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
monera kingdom
21. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
R. prowazekii
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
22. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
lysozyme
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
23. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Many treponemas
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
24. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Mucor or rhizopus
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
25. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
C. diff
26. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
basic shapes of bacteria
cell membrane - function
100 micrometers
27. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Francisella tularenis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
C tetani
28. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Proteus mirabilis
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Paramyxovirus; measles
29. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
S. epidermidis
30. What does neg PPD indicated
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
31. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
M. pneumoniae
Toxoplasmosis
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
32. What does Rubella virus cause
Protein A - S. aureus
Spikes
Fungi
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
33. Study of algae
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
algology
Influenza virus
34. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
arrangements of bacteria
Syphillis - sexual contact
hypertonic solution
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
35. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular
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36. What is the TX for chlamydia
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Owl's eye inculsions
Azithromycin
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
37. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
38. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Nematode in undercooked meat
Echinococcus granulosus
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Plasmodium
39. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
differential staining example
40. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
N. gono causing gono
interferon
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Ancylostoma - necator
41. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
archaea domain
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
M. pneumoniae
42. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Rubella - respiratory droplets
chromosome - description
M. kansasii
chromosomes in nucleus are...
43. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
chromosome - description
adsorption (B)
special staining of bacteria
lysozyme
44. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
CMV
45. What virus is in the deltavirus family
chemical synthesis...
Clonorchis sinensis
HDV
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
46. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Schistosoma haematobium
what envelope contains
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
47. What are the gram pos bacilli
Strep pneumo and viridans
Sporothrix schenckii
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
gas gangrene
48. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
basic shapes of bacteria
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Pseudomonas
49. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Antigen in vaccines
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
50. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Serratia marcescens
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Serratia
Salmonella