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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
protozoan infections (5)
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
2. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
specific
3. Apiration PNA - orgs
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Anaerobes
monera kingdom
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
4. Svedberg units
Entamoeba histolytica
germination
S - definition
Yeast - protazoan
5. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
bacillus
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
6. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
trichomoniasis symptoms
Gambiense - rhodesiense
7. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
staining of bacteria
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Rubella - respiratory droplets
8. Which nematodes infect through the skin
arrangements of bacteria
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
9. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Sacral ganglia
10. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
biogenesis
single- stranded DNA
staining of bacteria
11. Ability to move via flagella
Staph or H. flu
Pseudomonas
motility of bacteria
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
12. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Rapid cell division
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
chlamydia
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
13. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Pasteurella multocida
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
14. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Pox - complex
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Unimmunised kids
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
15. Agar
red algae make
replication for eukaryotes
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
16. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Beta hemolytic
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Mucor or rhizopus
rickettsia
17. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
capsid is composed of...
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
18. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Gambiense - rhodesiense
C. diptheriae
Saucer shaped yeast forms
bacteriophage - definition
19. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Nucleus - except parvovirus
20. What are the killed viral vaccines
Doxycycline
gram- positive cell wall
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
21. Requires presence of oxygen
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
E. coli
Legionella
aerobic
22. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Streptococcus mutans
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Weil Felix test
23. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Killed/inactivated
histoplasmosis
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
24. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
25. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
HAV - RNA picornavirus
mycolic acid - definition
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
replication (AV)
26. What viruses make up the arena virus family
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
pseudopodia
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
27. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Elementary body
Teichoic acid
E. Coli
28. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
JC virus causing PML
algology
Candida albicans
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
29. What is the nl flora of the colon
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Resistant
30. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Viral gastroenteritis
Elementary body
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
31. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
gram stain - definition
Severe bacteremia - death
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Pneumoniae and psittaci
32. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
single- stranded DNA
When nutriets are limited
E. coli 0157:H7
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
33. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
R. prowazekii
Paramyxovirus; measles
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
34. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Gonococci
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
35. What does coronavirus do
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Common cold and SARS
36. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
envelope is composed of...
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
37. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
spontaneous generation
Staph or H. flu
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
38. Some algae
Gallbladder
three domains of microorganisms
plant kingdom
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
39. How do bacterial capsules function
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Anaerobes
Pseudomonas
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
40. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Clostridium botulinum
Strep pneumo and viridans
Cryptosporidium
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
41. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
42. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Parvoviridae
Haematobium - bladder
43. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
differential staining of bacteria
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
44. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
ASO titer
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
45. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
H. flu
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
46. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
47. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Bartonella sp
Heat labile toxin
Salpingitis
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
48. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Clonorchis sinensis
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Actinomyces israeli
Campylobacter
49. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Measles
plasmid - definition
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
50. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
glycocalyx - description
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Bat - racoon - skunk
<30 - military - prisons