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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
eukaryotic organelles (5)
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Ancylostoma - necator
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

2. What are the 4 phases of HIV
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Metronidazole
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

3. Size - cell structure - replication
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
protozoa (3)

4. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Oral and esophageal thrush
methanogens
giardia

5. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Rose gardner's
flagella - function
fermentation - definition

6. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
gram stain - definition
nucleus
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Nucleus - except parvovirus

7. Spherical
Bartonella sp
R. typhi
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
coccus

8. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Legionella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

9. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

10. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
HHV-8 - KS
Guillain barre
endospores are formed via
Reoviridae - rotavirus

11. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
chloroplasts - function
E. coli
eukarya domain
Neuraminidase

12. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Parvoviridae
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Cholesterol

13. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Histoplasmosis

14. painless chancre - org and dz
Treponema - primary syphillis
PHV
N. gono causing gono
Doxycycline

15. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Endosymbiotic Theory
Pseudomonas

16. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
protista kingdom
Paramyxovirus; measles
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension

17. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Protein A - S. aureus
malaria
giardia

18. Who typically gets sporothrix

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19. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
fimbriae - function

20. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
lysozyme
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
E. coli - proteus

21. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
medical important mycobacteria
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

22. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Rapid cell division
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Nematode in undercooked meat
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

23. health care provider
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Measles rubeola - measles
HBV from needle stick
Yes

24. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

25. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
HBV
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
oral yeast infections =

26. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
double- stranded DNA
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
actinomycetes (3) - description

27. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
Mycoplasma
H. pylori
what envelope contains
nucleic acid

28. Prokaryotes
bacteria domain
Bacterial superinfection
Yersinia pestis
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

29. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
John Needham - experiment
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

30. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Serratia
Neuraminidase
protista kingdom
envelope is composed of...

31. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Francisella tularenis
Sporothrix schenckii
Vagina
C. botulinum

32. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
HCV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

33. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
cell wall - function
gas gangrene

34. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Fusion and entry
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
amoebic dynsentry
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

35. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Shigella
they are eukaryotes
C. diptheriae

36. What happens in secondary syphillis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
mycolic acid - definition

37. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
B. cereus
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Mononuclear cells

38. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
cilia
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Cryptosporidium

39. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
hyperthermophiles
C. perfringens
penetration (B)

40. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Staph make it - strep don't
Specialized transduction - an excision event
ribosomes - function
gram stain - definition

41. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
60%; viruses
Sterility
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
assembly (AV)

42. Structure unique to some bacteria
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
fermentation - definition
endospores

43. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
release (B)
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

44. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
Clonorchis sinensis
PHV
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

45. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Doxycycline
three domains of microorganisms
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

46. What is in pneumovax
acid- fast - color
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR

47. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Pneumoniae and psittaci
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

48. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Tellurite agar
fungi kingdom
100 micrometers
Animal - except typhi - only in humans

49. PNA in CF
Meningococci
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Pseudomonas
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

50. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
EBV
gram- positive cell wall