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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Measles rubeola - measles
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
2. How is legionella transmitted
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Mycoplasma
Bacterial superinfection
3. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Between 2 and 18 months
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
VZV - chickenpox
4. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Palivizumab
they are eukaryotes
S. aureus
5. What is the TX for chlamydia
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Genetic drift - epidemic
Azithromycin
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
6. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
tetanus
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Francesco Redi
Serratia
7. What acid is in the spore core
Bat - racoon - skunk
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Dipicolinic acid
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
8. yeast infection
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
candidiasis
9. Study of algae
botulism
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
algology
Bordetella pertussis
10. Where does group B strep colonize
methanogens
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Vagina
11. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Pseudomonas
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
12. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
13. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Double zone of hemolysis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Lepromatous
14. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Surfers in the tropics
Toxoplasmosis
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
eukarya domain
15. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
16. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
what many pathogenic fungi are
Bacterial superinfection
golgi complex - function
flagella - description
17. Mycotoxin
release (B)
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Robert Koch
18. rubeola - lots of spots
Paramyxovirus; measles
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
plant kingdom
Pseudomonas
19. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Starts quickly and ends quickly
20. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
methanogens
nucleus
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
21. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
replication (AV)
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
motility of bacteria
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
22. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
Virbrio cholera
S. epidermidis
lipids (fats) =
how many degrees celsius for mold?
23. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Recombination
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Acid fast organisms
24. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
replication for prokaryotes
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
infection process of animal viruses (6)
25. What does adenovirus cause
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
actinomycetes (3) - description
ASO titer
26. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
eukaryotes
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
27. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Trigeminal ganglia
replication for eukaryotes
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
28. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Toxplasmosis
Treponema
cell wall - function
cilia - function
29. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Meningococci
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
cytoplasm - definition
Enterobacter cloacae
30. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
No - erythromycin
many humans would test antibody positive for this
spontaneous generation example
31. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
ribosomes - function
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
32. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
H. flu
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
33. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
Reassortment
taxonomic hierarchy
H. pylori
B cells
34. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
algology
Staph or enteric GNR
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
35. Prevents contraction of muscles
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Type B protease IgA
flaccid paralysis
pasteurization
36. What does coronavirus do
protozoology
Common cold and SARS
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
gram- negative stain - color
37. What does gp41 do
Fusion and entry
capsid - definition
Mumps virus - mumps
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
38. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Actinomyces israeli
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
39. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
John Needham - experiment
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
<30 - military - prisons
40. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
41. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
release (B)
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
42. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Mononuclear cells
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
43. Require high salt concentrations
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Dipicolinic acid
Type B protease IgA
halophiles
44. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
M. kansasii
45. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Ancylostoma - necator
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
46. How does mucomycosis present clinically
flagella - description
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
47. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Muramic acid
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Protozoan - STD
Surfers in the tropics
48. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Mycoplasma
Guillain barre
Mycobacterium
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
49. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
halophiles
Superantigen
50. Help bacteria to attach to one another
pili - function
hyperthermophiles
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Only borrelia