Test your basic knowledge |

Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

2. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
release (B)
interferon
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

3. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
commercial applications
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Killed viral vaccine
algology

4. Cyst with four nuclei
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Entamoeba hisotlytica

5. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Only humoral - stable
endocytosis...
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

6. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
taxonomic hierarchy
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Antigen in urine
pseudopodia

7. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
replication for prokaryotes
Rickettsia rickettsii
Brucella sp

8. Fever and chills
fungi
Klebsiella granulomatis
malaria symptoms
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

9. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Many treponemas
Specialized transduction - an excision event

10. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
differential staining example

11. Helical - polyhedral - complex
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Francesco Redi
viral shapes

12. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Teichoic acid
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Double zone of hemolysis
gas gangrene

13. Tightly coiled
Prompt oral rehydration
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
spiral - spirochete
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

14. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Staph or enteric GNR
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Robert Hooke

15. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
envelope - definition
C. diptheriae
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
special staining of bacteria

16. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Spikes
IgG Anti - HBcAg

17. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Bartonella henselae
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
mitochondria - function

18. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
CMV
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Influenza virus
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

19. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
osmotic lysis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
helical shape - definition
Koch's Postulates 3

20. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
10 to 12
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Killed/inactivated
Histoplasmosis

21. fungal infection in diabetic
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Mycoplasma
Mucor or rhizopus
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

22. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
protozoa (3)
R. typhi
chemical synthesis...
M. kansasii

23. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
cell membrane - function

24. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
glycocalyx - function
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
histoplasmosis
E. Coli

25. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Mumps virus - mumps
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
red algae make
necrosis

26. Related to a fungus
Motility - protein
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
N. gono causing gono
myc/myo means

27. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
H. flu
HHV 6 - roseola
Cyanophora paradoxa
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

28. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
Dipicolinic acid
bacteria domain
malaria symptoms
what peptidoglycan is composed of

29. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Rabies
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Ancylostoma - necator

30. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Muramic acid
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
protozoology
HHV-6 roseola

31. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
uncoating (AV)
Negative
medical important mycobacteria
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

32. Which nematodes are ingested
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP

33. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe

34. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Acid fast organisms
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
food thickeners
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum

35. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
When nutriets are limited
Spikes

36. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
S - definition
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Bacterial superinfection
mycolic acid - definition

37. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
HHV-6 roseola
spontaneous generation
spiral - vibrio
red tide

38. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Cmv
medical important mycobacteria
food industry

39. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
food industry
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

40. How does urinary tract infection present
3 groups in archaea
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
specialized flagella

41. PNA in CF
Francisella tularenis
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Pseudomonas

42. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Heat labile toxin
pasteurization
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
amoebic dynsentry

43. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Measles rubeola - measles
Plasmodium
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

44. 10 - 100 micrometers
Severe bacteremia - death
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
eukaryotes

45. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Metronidazole
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

46. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
motility of bacteria
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

47. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Histoplasmosis

48. variola - lots of spots
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
PHV
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

49. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Attachment to host T cell
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
gram- positive cell wall
H flu

50. What does M protein do - who has it
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Hemagluttin