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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the TX for chlamydia
viruses
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Azithromycin
nucleic acid

2. What does salmonella typhi cause
Parvo - single stranded
penetration (B)
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen

3. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
peptidoglycan - definition
Cell Theory
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

4. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
release (B)
nucleus

5. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
EBV
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant

6. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
plasmid - definition
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
H flu type B

7. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Guillain barre
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
C. diff
S. epidermidis

8. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
Louis Pasteur
Children
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

9. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
giardia

10. Fever and chills
spontaneous generation example
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
malaria symptoms

11. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Beta hemolytic
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Pseudomonas

12. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Plasmodium
Crohns or appendicitis
Malignant otitis externa
Pasteurella multocida

13. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
D- K
plasmid - definition
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)

14. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
replication (B)
Metronidazole
Reassortment
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)

15. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
replication (AV)
monera kingdom

16. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Toxoplasmosis
Viral gastroenteritis
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
interferon

17. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
DNA hepadnavirus
endospores - definition
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

18. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Food - fingers - feces - flies
assembly (B)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

19. What does HBsAg indicate
Entamoeba hisotlytica
amoebic dynsentry
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV

20. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
ASO titer
Strep pneumo and viridans
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

21. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Pseudomonas
Actinomyces isreallii
Bartonella sp
Endosymbiotic Theory

22. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Toxoid vaccine
Cmv
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Treponema

23. What is gardnerella associated with
Resistant
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Elevated CRP and ESR
humans do not have

24. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
eukaryotic organelles - definition

25. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

26. Binary fission + cytokinesis
E. coli - proteus
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
replication for prokaryotes
how many degrees celsius for mold?

27. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
facultative
Campylocobacter jejuni
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Transformation or competence

28. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Doxycycline
Louis Pasteur
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

29. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

30. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
glycocalyx - description
hypertonic solution
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
C. diptheriae

31. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Genetic drift - epidemic
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

32. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

33. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
interferon

34. How do bacterial capsules function
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva

35. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Double zone of hemolysis

36. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Campylobacter
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

37. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Mumps virus - mumps
HCV
Endosymbiotic Theory
Trigeminal ganglia

38. Will show the difference between two things
single- stranded RNA
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
differential staining of bacteria

39. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis

40. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
smooth ER
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Klebsiella granulomatis

41. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Measles rubeola - measles

42. What acid is in the spore core
Dipicolinic acid
mycology
Robert Hooke
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

43. What is the treatment for syphillis
Pen
Resistant
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
EBV

44. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
molds
characteristics of bacteria (5)
actinomycetes (3) - description
chromosomes in nucleus are...

45. In who does HEV have high mortality
Pregnant women
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
protista kingdom
icosahedron

46. Which nematodes are ingested
osmotic lysis
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
protista kingdom
Bacillus anthracis

47. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
what many pathogenic fungi are
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
eukaryotic organelles (5)

48. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
protozoa (3)
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Measles rubeola - measles

49. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
mycology
Severe bacteremia - death
All of them
endospores

50. What does parainfluenza cause
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Antigen in urine
Croup - seal like barking cough