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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
ABC
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Candida and aspergillus

2. What is gardnerella associated with
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Sexual activity - but not an STI
HHV 6 - roseola

3. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Cryptosporidium
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

4. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
gram- positive cell wall
what envelope contains
Epiglottitis H flu type B

5. In who does HEV have high mortality
specific
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Pregnant women
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

6. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Rifampin
Resistant
germination
Doxycycline

7. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Weil Felix test
capsid - function

8. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Doxycycline
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Bordetella pertussis

9. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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10. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

11. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Ancylostoma - necator
HIV - AIDS
production of beer and wine
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

12. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
plasmolysis
malaria
Oral and esophageal thrush

13. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
S. epidermidis
production of beer and wine
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

14. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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15. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Acute/recent infection
Genetic shift - pandemic
Lymph nodes
Pasteurella multocida

16. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Teichoic acid
Pseudomonas
Endosymbiotic Theory

17. Will show size and arrangement
simple staining of bacteria
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Klebsiella pneumo

18. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
not acid- fast - colo
Parvo - single stranded
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

19. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
replication (AV)
CMV - RSV
Reoviridae - rotavirus

20. What does parvovirus cause
Staph saprophyticus
DNA hepadnavirus
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
simple staining of bacteria

21. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

22. Prevents contraction of muscles
flaccid paralysis
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Staph or enteric GNR

23. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen

24. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Type B protease IgA

25. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
<30 - military - prisons
Bacteria - STD

26. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
myc/myo means
gram- positive stain - color
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
spontaneous generation

27. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
five fields of microbiology
animal kingdom
Type B protease IgA

28. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Toxoplasmosis
Antigen associated with core of HBV
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
food thickeners

29. Which are the naked viruses
prokaryotes
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

30. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
specialized flagella
gram stain - definition
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

31. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
cell membrane - function
Streptococcus - staphylococus

32. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Acute/recent infection
Entamoeba histolytica
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

33. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
glycocalyx - function
single- stranded RNA
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

34. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
glycocalyx - description
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Unimmunised kids
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV

35. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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36. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Crohns or appendicitis
Gonococci
Koch's Postulates 2

37. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

38. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Pseudomonas
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Pasteurella multocida

39. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
penetration (B)

40. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Strep bovis - also group D
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

41. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
spiral - spirillum
Guillain barre
JC virus causing PML

42. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.

43. What does adenovirus cause
cell wall - function
ribosomes - function
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

44. No metabolic activity
Staph saprophyticus
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
dormant
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

45. Trichomonas
release (B)
flagella
facultative
hypertonic solution

46. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
giardia
penetration (B)
Only borrelia
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms

47. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Toxplasmosis
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

48. pos PAS stain

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49. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
eukarya domain
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
hyperthermophiles
Candida

50. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Rubella german measles
Acute/recent infection
Robert Hooke