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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
histoplasmosis
Robert Hooke
2. What does parainfluenza cause
bacillus
Croup - seal like barking cough
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
prokaryotes
3. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
H flu
Yersinia pestis
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
4. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
5. Pairs
lipids (fats) =
arrangements - diplo
Pneumocystis jerovici
Toxplasmosis
6. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
monera kingdom
Saucer shaped yeast forms
7. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Brucella sp
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
HIV - AIDS
8. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
penetration (AV)
Azithromycin
single- stranded DNA
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
9. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
penetration (B)
amoebic dynsentry
R. typhi
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
10. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Dark field microscopy
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Nucleus - except parvovirus
11. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
PCR/Viral load
HIV - malnutrition - death
12. Which are the enteroviruses
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
candidiasis
N. gono causing gono
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
13. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
basic shapes of bacteria
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
14. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
pili - function
Pseudomonas
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
15. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Pox - complex
actinomycetes (3) - description
eukaryotic organelles (5)
16. What does norwalk virus do
commercial applications
Viral gastroenteritis
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
microaerophilic
17. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Ancylostoma - necator
Killed/inactivated
18. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Actinomyces israeli
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
19. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
20. surgical wound
Robert Koch
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
S. aureus
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
21. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
motility of bacteria
coccus
Proteus mirabilis
22. What treatment is required for cholera
cell membrane - function
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Prompt oral rehydration
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
23. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Klebsiella granulomatis
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
24. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Chlamydia trachomatis
Many treponemas
25. fungal infection in diabetic
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
they are eukaryotes
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Mucor or rhizopus
26. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
replication (B)
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
replication for eukaryotes
Motility - protein
27. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Bat - racoon - skunk
Ring enhancing brain lesions
28. bilateral bells palsy
Cryptosporidium
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Borrelia burgdorferi
29. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Doxycycline
Lower lobe
30. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
malaria prevention
H. flu
helical shape - definition
31. What organisms stain with silver stain
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Genetic shift - pandemic
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
32. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
10 to 12
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
33. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
adsorption (B)
red tide
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
34. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
ribosomes - function
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
35. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Dark field microscopy
Actinomyces and nocardia
36. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Genetic drift - epidemic
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
C tetani
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
37. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
38. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Metabolic activity without division
botulism
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
CMV - RSV
39. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Rifampin
Silver stain
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
40. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Pseudomonas
Gonococci
Entamoeba histolytica
HBC - hepatitis B
41. yeast infection
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
candidiasis
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
42. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
structures of prokaryotic cell
43. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Unimmunised kids
Pox - complex
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
S. aureus
44. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
45. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
malaria prevention
Clostridia
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
46. Bacteriophage
D- K
taxonomic hierarchy
Staph or H. flu
complex virus example
47. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Cigar shaped yeast
HBV
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
48. burns or air
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Pseudomonas
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
49. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
hypertonic solution
Robert Hooke
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
50. What is the TX for h pylori
B cells
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin