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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
L1 - L2 - L3
Clonorchis sinensis
2. What does echovirus do
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
complex virus example
Aseptic meningitis
Reoviridae - rotavirus
3. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
endocytosis...
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
gram- positive cell wall
Robert Hooke
4. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Recombination
mitochondria - function
5. What does gonococi cause
they are eukaryotes
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
6. What does group B strep cause
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
arrangements - staphylo
Superantigen
polyhedral shape - defintion
7. chronic granulomatous disease
C. perfringens
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
8. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
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9. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Pseudomonas
Group B strep
10. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
chemical synthesis...
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
11. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Louis Pasteur
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
12. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
Beta hemolytic
cell wall - function
Bacteria - STD
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
13. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
14. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Metronidazole
pseudopodia
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Metronidazole
15. What bugs are obligate aerobes
hypotonic solution
R. prowazekii
Prompt oral rehydration
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
16. Requires presence of oxygen
aerobic
Actinomyces and nocardia
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Muramic acid
17. What does polyomavirus cause
Gardnerella vaginalis
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
gas gangrene
18. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Mumps virus - mumps
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
19. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Gonococci
Rose gardner's
cell membrane - definition
20. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
five kingdoms of microorganisms
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
21. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
special staining of bacteria
22. ____ do no treat viral infections
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
antibiotics
lipids (fats) =
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
23. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
CMV
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Immediately upon exposure
24. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
interferon
25. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
arrangements - strepto...
26. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture
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27. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Francesco Redi
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
28. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Parvo - single stranded
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Strep pneumo and viridans
what many pathogenic fungi are
29. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Rickettsia rickettsii
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
30. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
31. What does neg PPD indicated
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
32. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
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33. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
34. 70S = 30S + 50S
Hemagluttin
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
8 - orthomyoxovirus
35. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
36. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Group B strep - E. coli
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Histoplasmosis
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
37. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
adsorption (AV)
Legionella
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
38. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Palivizumab
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
endospores
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
39. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
John Needham
40. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Strep bovis - also group D
Campylocobacter jejuni
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
fermentation - definition
41. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
42. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
endospores - definition
gram- positive stain - explanation
Actic polymerization
43. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
histoplasmosis
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
44. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Nucleus - except parvovirus
species
capsid is composed of...
Spikes
45. What are the 4 phases of HIV
they are eukaryotes
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
gram- positive cell wall
46. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
HHV-8 - KS
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Unimmunised kids
47. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Rose gardner's
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
48. Purple
mitochondria - function
gram- positive stain - color
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
fimbriae - function
49. What are the symptoms of TB
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
importance of microorganisms
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
50. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
arrangements - strepto...
John Needham
Toxoid vaccine
HHV-8 - KS