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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
S. epidermidis
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
2. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
Toxoplasmosis
endospores
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
3. What does norwalk virus do
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Viral gastroenteritis
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Measles rubeola - measles
4. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
5. yeast infection
Protozoan - STD
spontaneous generation
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
candidiasis
6. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
No cell wall
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Toxoid vaccine
7. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
actinomycetes (3) - description
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
8. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Clonorchis sinensis
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Pasteurella multocida
H flu type B
9. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Robert Hooke
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
10. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
archaea domain
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
11. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
C. diptheriae
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
S. aureus
12. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
Protein A - S. aureus
Capsid protein
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
gram- negative cell wall
13. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
single- stranded DNA
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
plasmid - definition
Salmonella
14. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
H flu
germination
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
15. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
C. diptheriae
mitochondria - function
arrangements - strepto...
16. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Meningococci
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Cmv
17. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
Endosymbiotic Theory
lipids (fats) =
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
18. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
double- stranded DNA
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Bartonella sp
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
19. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Vagina
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
HAV - RNA picornavirus
20. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Killed viral vaccine
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
21. What are the symptoms of TB
Candida
trichomoniasis symptoms
Gardnerella vaginalis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
22. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Pneumoniae and psittaci
23. Tissue died
protozoology
fimbriae - function
Resistant
gas gangrene
24. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Neisseria
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Heat labile toxin
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
25. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
lipids (fats) =
26. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
10 to 12
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
27. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Plasmodium
Weil Felix test
28. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Hemagluttin
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Starts quickly and ends quickly
29. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
arrangements - strepto...
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
lipids (fats) =
HBC - hepatitis B
30. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Mycoplasma - have sterols
aerobic
germination
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
31. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Clostridium tetani
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
rough ER
32. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
33. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
infection process of animal viruses (6)
protozoan infections (5)
Rubella
34. No metabolic activity
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
dormant
Measles
35. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Superantigen
Immediately upon exposure
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
36. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
B. cereus
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Reassortment
37. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
germination
HIV - malnutrition - death
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Clostridia
38. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
N. gono causing gono
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
39. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
production of beer and wine
Food - fingers - feces - flies
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
40. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Campylocobacter jejuni
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
release (AV)
41. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Yersinia pestis
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
methanogens
42. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Borrelia burgdorferi
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Motility - protein
43. asplenic pt
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Negative
tetanus
44. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
acid- fast organism - definition
red algae make
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Shigella
45. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
D- K
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
46. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
47. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
Elementary body
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
hypotonic solution
48. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Mice - deer
Mumps virus - mumps
Protein A - S. aureus
eukaryotes
49. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Starts quickly and ends quickly
special staining of bacteria
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Pasteurella multocida
50. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Beta hemolytic
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic