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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does parvovirus cause
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Aerosal - from environmental water source
rough ER
Francisella tularenis

2. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Neuraminidase
Syphillis - sexual contact

3. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
Rubella - respiratory droplets
assembly (B)
HHV-6 roseola

4. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
R. prowazekii
S. aureus
chlamydia
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

5. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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6. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

7. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Toxo crosses the placenta
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Koch's Postulates 4
anaerobic

8. Study of fungi
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
acid- fast - color
Pen
mycology

9. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Francesco Redi - experiment
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Prompt oral rehydration

10. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
production of beer and wine
endospores are resistant to (4)
No - erythromycin
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles

11. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
HBV
Mycobacterium
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

12. Are there carriers for HDV
medical important mycobacteria
Yes
Guillain barre
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not

13. What is the resevoir of salmonella
rickettsia
Klebsiella pneumo
Treponema - primary syphillis
Animal - except typhi - only in humans

14. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
what peptidoglycan is composed of
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Azithromycin
mycoplasma (5) - description

15. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
flagella - function
Antigen associated with core of HBV
not acid- fast - colo
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis

16. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
cell membrane - definition
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

17. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
microbiology
Envelope proteins

18. Ability to move via flagella
C. perfringens
Pseudomonas
motility of bacteria
N. gono causing gono

19. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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20. Helical - polyhedral - complex
CMV - RSV
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
viral shapes

21. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
cell wall - function
Salmonella typhi

22. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
HHV-6 roseola
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
HBC - hepatitis B

23. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Cigar shaped yeast
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

24. What C. diptheria grows on...
Paragonimus westermani
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Tellurite agar

25. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Koch's Postulates 1
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
mycology
H flu type B

26. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Many treponemas
Serratia marcescens

27. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
bacteriophage - definition
Rickettsia rickettsii
Nematode in undercooked meat

28. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
spiral - spirillum
Salpingitis
Cell Theory
fungi kingdom

29. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Rifampin
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

30. What is the nl flora of the colon
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Francesco Redi
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

31. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Chronic disease - positive during window period
double- stranded RNA
Aseptic meningitis

32. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma

33. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Severe pneumonia
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Neisseria

34. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Staph or enteric GNR
Elementary body
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
replication (AV)

35. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
C. diptheriae
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
monera kingdom

36. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
Only humoral - stable
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

37. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
helical shape - definition
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
glycocalyx - function
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

38. Will show size and arrangement
Owl's eye inculsions
simple staining of bacteria
Fungi
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

39. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
double- stranded DNA
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Surfers in the tropics

40. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
C. perfringens
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Koch's Postulates 3
pasteurization

41. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
C. diptheriae
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
amoebic dynsentry
protozoan infections (5)

42. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Genetic shift - pandemic
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta

43. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Resistant
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

44. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Lower lobe
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
amoebic dynsentry

45. What does norwalk virus do
Malignant otitis externa
HIV - sexual
Viral gastroenteritis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

46. How is treponema visualized
Dark field microscopy
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
fungi kingdom
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

47. What are agryll roberston pupils
Enterobius
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

48. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
chloroplasts - function
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Elevated CRP and ESR
Specialized transduction - an excision event

49. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Malignant otitis externa
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Pseudomonas
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

50. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Metabolic activity without division
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Staph or enteric GNR