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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
adsorption (B)
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

2. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
arrangements of bacteria
cilia
Pasteurella multocida
Candida

3. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Negative
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

4. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Klebsiella
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Pseudomonas
gram stain - definition

5. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
botulism
Oral and esophageal thrush
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Unimmunised kids

6. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
fungal infection examples (3)
chlamydia
H flu

7. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
endospores
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

8. What C. diptheria grows on...
Viral gastroenteritis
Tellurite agar
Schistosoma mansori
Starts quickly and ends quickly

9. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
malaria
Doxycycline
HBC - hepatitis B

10. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Weil Felix test
John Needham
Fungi
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits

11. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
yeast
Campylocobacter jejuni
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

12. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
cell membrane - definition
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
protozoan infections (5)

13. How does urinary tract infection present
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Clonorchis sinensis
they are eukaryotes

14. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
R. typhi
Metabolic activity without division
Genetic shift - pandemic
characteristics of bacteria (5)

15. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Owl's eye inculsions
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Guillain barre
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole

16. How do you treat lyme disease
Salmonella
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
what envelope contains

17. Requires presence of oxygen
importance of microorganisms
five kingdoms of microorganisms
aerobic
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

18. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
five fields of microbiology
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV

19. What is the pathophys of mucor
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
production of beer and wine
gas gangrene

20. What does gp41 do
Fusion and entry
Mycoplasma
No - erythromycin
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

21. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Koch's Postulates 1
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Bordetella pertussis

22. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
double- stranded DNA
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Azithromycin

23. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
Mice - deer
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
C. diff
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)

24. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Superantigen
Streptococcus mutans
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

25. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
specific
Staph make it - strep don't
Rickettsia rickettsii

26. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
HCV
five fields of microbiology
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

27. Study of viruses
Lower lobe
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
virology
flaccid paralysis

28. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
algology
what many pathogenic fungi are
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

29. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Genetic shift - pandemic
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
No cell wall
what envelope contains

30. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Salpingitis
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Common cold
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella

31. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
C. diptheriae
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

32. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Klebsiella
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
glycocalyx - description

33. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Actinomyces israeli
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
chloroplasts - function
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps

34. Comma- shaped
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Crohns or appendicitis
Shigella
spiral - vibrio

35. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
CMV - RSV

36. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Pseudomonas
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Envelope proteins
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

37. yeast and mold
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
replication for eukaryotes
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

38. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice

39. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Theory of Biogenesis
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Treponema
Chlamydia trachomatis

40. pos PAS stain

41. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

42. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
gram- positive stain - explanation
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Lower lobe

43. What does papillomovirus cause
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
John Needham - experiment
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

44. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Doxycycline
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

45. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
hypotonic solution
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal

46. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
plasmid - definition
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

47. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Staph make it - strep don't
Anti - HBsAb
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
gram- negative stain - color

48. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
plasmolysis
glycocalyx - function
amoebic dynsentry

49. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
mycology
Vagina

50. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Clonorchis sinensis
protozoology
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile