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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
H. pylori
Genetic shift - pandemic
Pets - treat with topical azoles

2. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
food industry
Borrelia recurrentis
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

3. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
yeast

4. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
ribosomes - function
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Protozoan - STD

5. What is pontiac fever
trichomoniasis...
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Viral gastroenteritis
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

6. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Bacillus anthracis
five fields of microbiology

7. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
importance of microorganisms
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
yeast
John Needham - experiment

8. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Muramic acid
release (AV)
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

9. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
HIV - sexual
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
endospores - definition
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

10. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1 - L2 - L3
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
malaria symptoms
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

11. Require high salt concentrations
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Actinomyces and nocardia
halophiles

12. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Lepromatous
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

13. What is the TX for sporthrix
Bartonella sp
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
taxonomic hierarchy

14. What bugs are urease pos
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
microbiology
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

15. Dimorphic/biphasic
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
what many pathogenic fungi are
oral yeast infections =
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

16. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
chromosome - description

17. What is gardnerella associated with
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

18. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
eukaryotic organelles (5)
S - definition
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

19. Related to a fungus
myc/myo means
Toxoid vaccine
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Pseudomonas

20. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
HHV 6 - roseola

21. What does parainfluenza cause
Croup - seal like barking cough
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Pasteurella multocida

22. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Staph make it - strep don't
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Clostridium perfringens
Paramyxovirus; measles

23. painless chancre - org and dz
Treponema - primary syphillis
S. aureus
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Spikes

24. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Ancylostoma - necator
Avain resevoir
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2

25. Study of protozoans
protozoology
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)

26. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Actic polymerization
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

27. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
spiral - spirillum

28. surgical wound
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
S. aureus
Robert Koch

29. What happens in secondary syphillis
gram- negative cell wall
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

30. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

31. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
protozoan infections (5)
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Metabolic activity without division

32. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
tetanus
Cmv
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

33. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
microaerophilic
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Candida albicans
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

34. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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35. Study of algae
algology
CMV
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

36. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

37. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
EBV
Immediately upon exposure
HIV - malnutrition - death
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

38. Will show the difference between two things
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
what envelope contains
differential staining of bacteria
All except coxiella are via arthropod

39. What is HBeAg
oxygen requirements of bacteria
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
algology
IgG Anti - HBcAg

40. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
arrangements of bacteria
hypotonic solution
All of them
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

41. How do you treat lyme disease
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Virbrio cholera

42. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

43. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Negative
Bat - racoon - skunk
Toxplasmosis
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

44. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
motility of bacteria
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

45. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Rifampin
Serratia marcescens
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)

46. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
10 to 12
Syphillis - sexual contact
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
humans do not have

47. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Klebsiella
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
gram stain - definition

48. What is the TX for h pylori
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
facultative
malaria

49. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
lipids (fats) =
Cyanophora paradoxa

50. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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