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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
gram- negative stain - color
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
basic shapes of bacteria
Severe bacteremia - death
2. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
3. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
osmotic pressure
Klebsiella pneumo
Rubella
4. Thrush
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
oral yeast infections =
Mucor or rhizopus
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
5. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
6. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
7. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Sporothrix schenckii
D- K
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
8. What is the TX for h pylori
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Plasmodium
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
9. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
HDV
acid- fast organism - definition
S. aureus
10. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Ancylostoma - necator
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Dipicolinic acid
11. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Starts quickly and ends quickly
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
fimbriae - function
12. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
acid- fast organism - definition
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Koch's Postulates 2
13. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
production of beer and wine
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Metabolic activity without division
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
14. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
penetration (B)
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
basic shapes of bacteria
15. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
eukaryotes
16. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
basic shapes of bacteria
Actic polymerization
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
17. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
replication for eukaryotes
Enterobius
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Type B protease IgA
18. Some algae
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
plant kingdom
Entamoeba histolytica
microbiology
19. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
flagella - description
20. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
EBV
21. Protein synthesis
humans do not have
ribosomes - function
fimbriae - function
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
22. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
lysis
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
HIV - AIDS
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
23. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
spiral - spirochete
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
24. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
antibiotics
Sexual activity - but not an STI
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
cytoplasm - definition
25. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
H flu type B
M. kansasii
characteristics of bacteria (5)
26. What is weil's disease
Salmonella
DNA hepadnavirus
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
27. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Theory of Biogenesis
aerobic
flagella - function
28. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
hyperthermophiles
Paramyxovirus; measles
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
29. What treatment is required for cholera
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Prompt oral rehydration
bacteriology
30. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
spiral
Only borrelia
M. kansasii
31. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
mycolic acid - definition
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
replication (B)
32. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Toxo crosses the placenta
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
CMV retinitis
33. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Sacral ganglia
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
34. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Brucella sp
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
35. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
cytoplasm - definition
VZV - chickenpox
Theory of Biogenesis
Francisella tularenis
36. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
DNA hepadnavirus
Tetracycline or erythromycin
endospores are formed via
37. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Koch's Postulates 2
Chlamydia trachomatis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Louis Pasteur
38. What virus is in the deltavirus family
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
HDV
Silver stain
H flu type B
39. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Immediately upon exposure
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Only humoral - stable
40. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
replication for eukaryotes
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
41. dog or cat bite
single- stranded DNA
Pasteurella multocida
prokaryotes
plant kingdom
42. HaemoPhilus causes....
Treponema
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
43. hemoptysis - parasite
Paragonimus westermani
methanogens
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Capsid protein
44. Cyst with four nuclei
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Unimmunised kids
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Clostridium perfringens
45. varicella - lots of spots
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
46. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
M. kansasii
mycoplasma (5) - description
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
trichomoniasis...
47. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
48. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Lazzaro Spallanzani
49. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Chlamydia trachomatis
Clostridium perfringens
Saucer shaped yeast forms
John Needham - experiment
50. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
Louis Pasteur
Entertoxigenic E. coli
polyhedral shape - defintion
Mucor or rhizopus
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