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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Owl's eye inculsions
uncoating (AV)
botulism
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
2. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Robert Koch
Lymph nodes
nucleus
PCR/Viral load
3. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Cell Theory
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Salpingitis
genus
4. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Bat - racoon - skunk
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Actinomyces israeli
rickettsia
5. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Mononuclear cells
chemical synthesis...
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
HIV - sexual
6. Postviral PNA
Staph or H. flu
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Campylobacter
aerobic
7. What are the lab findings for cholera
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
N. gono causing gono
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
8. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
protozoa (3)
Actinomyces
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
9. What treatment is required for cholera
IgG Anti - HBcAg
60%; viruses
Prompt oral rehydration
Pox - complex
10. Multicellular and aerobic
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
histoplasmosis
molds
flaccid paralysis
11. What does rhinovirus do
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
myc/myo means
Common cold
12. What acid is in the spore core
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Dipicolinic acid
Clostridia
13. When do gram pos rods form spores
When nutriets are limited
S. aureus
rickettsia
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
14. Spiral
spiral - spirillum
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
15. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Aseptic meningitis
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Silver stain
16. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Campylobacter
17. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
C. perfringens
aerobic
18. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
lipids (fats) =
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
anaerobic
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
19. Size - cell structure - replication
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Double zone of hemolysis
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
20. Which are the herpesviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Pseudomonas
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
21. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Anaerobes
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
adsorption (B)
22. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Pseudomonas
Toxoplasmosis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
23. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
24. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
25. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Borrelia recurrentis
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Cyanophora paradoxa
26. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
adsorption (AV)
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
staining of bacteria
27. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Virbrio cholera
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
monera kingdom
28. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Cryptosporidium
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Neuraminidase
spiral - spirillum
29. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
30. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
characteristics of bacteria (5)
H. flu
E. coli - proteus
31. Trichomonas
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
histoplasmosis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
flagella
32. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Negative
Brucella sp
bacteriophage - definition
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
33. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Salmonella typhi
E. coli 0157:H7
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
34. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
C. perfringens
Specialized transduction - an excision event
35. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Killed/inactivated
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
histoplasmosis
36. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
B cells
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Clostridium perfringens
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
37. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
H flu type B
Bacillus anthracis
Meningococci
38. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
fermentation - definition
Paramyxovirus; measles
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Fungi
39. What does gp41 do
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Pasteurella multocida
Fusion and entry
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
40. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
Rubella german measles
Salmonella
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
41. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
animal kingdom
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
42. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Bacillus anthracis
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Streptococcus - staphylococus
43. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Lower lobe
gram- positive stain - explanation
Clostridium botulinum
fungi kingdom
44. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Neuraminidase
replication for eukaryotes
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
45. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
lysozyme
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
46. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
47. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Echinococcus granulosus
48. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
49. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Schistosoma mansori
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
50. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Gonococci
endospores are resistant to (4)
gram stain - definition
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