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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Dipicolinic acid
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
flagella - function
methanogens
2. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
protozoan infections (5)
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
plasmid - function
3. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
spiral - vibrio
chromosome - description
4. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Treponema
5. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Toxplasmosis
five fields of microbiology
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
6. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
7. How is legionella detected clinically
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Entamoeba histolytica
Metronidazole
Antigen in urine
8. What does PAS actually stain for
myc/myo means
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Bordetella pertussis
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
9. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
gram- positive stain - explanation
Acute/recent infection
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
glycocalyx - function
10. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Ancylostoma - necator
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
11. What is the treatment for syphillis
Pen
Common cold and SARS
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Sexual activity - but not an STI
12. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Group B strep
gram- negative stain - explanation
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Actinomyces isreallii
13. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
H flu type B
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
14. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
When nutriets are limited
endospores are formed via
Parvoviridae
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
15. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
HHV-8 - KS
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
genus
16. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Rifampin
Genetic shift - pandemic
Mycoplasma
capsid is composed of...
17. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Treponema - primary syphillis
osmotic lysis
Azithromycin
HBC - hepatitis B
18. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
10 to 12
viruses
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
19. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Plasmodium
Yersinia pestis
20. Study of algae
algology
flagella
60%; viruses
Protozoan - STD
21. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
gram- positive stain - explanation
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
60%; viruses
22. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
medical important mycobacteria
HDV
five fields of microbiology
23. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
mycology
L1 - L2 - L3
Francesco Redi
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
24. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
25. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
Serratia marcescens
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Ingestion of preformed toxin
golgi complex - function
26. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Rabies
S. aureus
Gardnerella vaginalis
Hemagluttin
27. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Lower lobe
osmotic lysis
polyhedral shape - defintion
mycolic acid - definition
28. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
ASO titer
29. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Rapid cell division
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
30. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Doxycycline
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
31. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Clostridia
malaria symptoms
special staining of bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
32. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Cyanophora paradoxa
Mycobacterium
genus
33. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
Recombination
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
34. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
H. flu
35. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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36. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
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37. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
ribosomes - function
rough ER
Nematode in undercooked meat
S. epidermidis
38. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
N. gono causing gono
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Bacillus anthracis
myc/myo means
39. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
hypertonic solution
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Starts quickly and ends quickly
40. What does poxvirus cause
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41. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
42. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
Resistant
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
they are eukaryotes
43. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
10%; viral
not acid- fast - colo
Proteus mirabilis
44. 25 celsius
cytoplasm - definition
Viridans group streptococci
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
how many degrees celsius for mold?
45. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Gallbladder
M. avium intracellulare
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
46. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Negative
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Brucella sp
47. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
HSV-2 - genital herpes
John Needham - experiment
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
S. aureus
48. Virus is engulfed by host cell
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
endocytosis...
hypotonic solution
Envelope proteins
49. Requires presence of oxygen
M. avium intracellulare
aerobic
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
glycocalyx - description
50. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Meningococci
Type B protease IgA
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
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