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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
gram- negative stain - color
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
HBV
2. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
biogenesis
Schistosoma haematobium
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
3. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Robert Hooke
Immediately upon exposure
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
4. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Recombination
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
5. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
single- stranded RNA
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Palivizumab
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
6. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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7. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Yeast - protazoan
dormant
8. What is weil's disease
Pseudomonas
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
S. aureus
9. liver cysts - parasite
osmotic lysis
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Echinococcus granulosus
10. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Children
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
11. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Parvoviridae
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Vagina
12. Capitalized/italics or underlined
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
genus
Antigen in urine
gram- positive stain - color
13. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Nematode in undercooked meat
myc/myo means
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
14. What kind of virus and family are HBV
CMV retinitis
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
DNA hepadnavirus
15. How is legionella detected clinically
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Antigen in urine
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
16. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Clostridium botulinum
Louis Pasteur
Clostridium perfringens
Francisella tularenis
17. What are the viral causes of meningitis
H. pylori
animal kingdom
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
viruses
18. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
icosahedron
Lazzaro Spallanzani
gram- positive stain - color
19. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
envelope - definition
Strep bovis - also group D
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
20. How is Hfr made
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
mycology
21. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
archaea domain
Anaerobes
malaria prevention
22. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
mycolic acid - definition
cell wall - function
penetration (B)
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
23. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
R. prowazekii
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
24. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Cryptosporidium
Treponema - primary syphillis
Clonorchis sinensis
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
25. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
S. aureus
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Haematobium - bladder
26. Rod- shaped
Guillain barre
Spikes
giardia
bacillus
27. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
B cells
single- stranded RNA
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
tetanus
28. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Lower lobe
E. coli 0157:H7
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
29. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
M. kansasii
Candida and aspergillus
Entamoeba histolytica
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
30. Which nematodes are ingested
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Rubella - respiratory droplets
31. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
100 micrometers
Clostridium perfringens
spiral
32. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Epiglottitis H flu type B
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
33. What does norwalk virus do
capsid is composed of...
HEV
Viral gastroenteritis
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
34. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
cell wall - function
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
35. Tissue died
Salmonella
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
gas gangrene
Oral and esophageal thrush
36. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
monera kingdom
actinomycetes (3) - description
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
37. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Surfers in the tropics
antibiotics
differential staining example
spiral
38. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Beta hemolytic
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
glycocalyx - function
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
39. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Anti - HAVAb IgM
gram- positive stain - explanation
40. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Double zone of hemolysis
Endosymbiotic Theory
Envelope proteins
flagella - function
41. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
basic shapes of bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
42. yeast and mold
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Shigella
Saucer shaped yeast forms
43. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
specialized flagella
Cmv
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
44. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Recombination
VZV - chickenpox
45. What does neg PPD indicated
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Rose gardner's
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
pasteurization
46. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
HDV
Doxycycline
Yes
47. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
microaerophilic
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Klebsiella granulomatis
Fusion and entry
48. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
endospores are formed via
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Yeast - protazoan
fungal infection examples (3)
49. Binary fission + cytokinesis
replication for prokaryotes
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Enterobacter cloacae
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
50. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Cholesterol
Louis Pasteur - experiment
arrangements - strepto...
M. kansasii