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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

2. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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3. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
gram- positive stain - explanation
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

4. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
N. gono causing gono
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Cryptosporidium

5. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Surfers in the tropics
Bartonella sp
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

6. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
what envelope contains
Bacterial superinfection
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

7. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
endospores - definition
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
bacteriophage - definition

8. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

9. What is the triad of HUS
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
VZV - chickenpox
release (B)

10. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
viral shapes
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
methanogens

11. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Surfers in the tropics

12. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Elevated CRP and ESR
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Metronidazole
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella

13. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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14. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Cyanophora paradoxa
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

15. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Dipicolinic acid
Bacillus anthracis

16. What is HBcAg
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
HIV - sexual

17. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Candida and aspergillus
Common cold
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Nocardia asteroides

18. What are PE signs of PID
osmotic lysis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

19. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Paragonimus westermani
Pneumoniae and psittaci

20. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
food industry
Crohns or appendicitis
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

21. 37 celsius
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Mumps virus - mumps
capsid is composed of...
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5

22. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
hyperthermophiles
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb

23. Which nematodes infect through the skin
myc/myo means
S. aureus
Actinomyces israeli
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

24. What does coronavirus do
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Common cold and SARS

25. Allgin and carrageenan
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
food thickeners
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

26. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Prompt oral rehydration

27. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Streptococcus mutans
plasmid - definition
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

28. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
chromosome - description
Yersinia pestis
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

29. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
viral shapes
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Schistosoma mansori

30. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
replication for eukaryotes
cell wall - function
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
structures of prokaryotic cell

31. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
3 groups in archaea
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
interferon
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

32. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
ASO titer
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Vulvuvaginitis

33. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Vulvuvaginitis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Anti - HAVAb IgM

34. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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35. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
five fields of microbiology
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Immediately upon exposure

36. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

37. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Lactose fermenting enterics

38. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
<30 - military - prisons
C. botulinum
Schistosoma mansori

39. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
gram- negative stain - explanation
double- stranded RNA
hypotonic solution

40. How are rickettsiae transmitted
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Robert Koch
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

41. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Francesco Redi
Rabies
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

42. Require high salt concentrations
halophiles
single- stranded DNA
Only humoral - stable
yeast

43. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Heat labile toxin
Trigeminal ganglia
C tetani
Measles

44. Size - cell structure - replication
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
aerobic

45. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)

46. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
differential staining example
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Salmonella

47. What bugs are urease pos
spontaneous generation
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

48. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
malaria
plasmid - definition
cell membrane - definition

49. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Only humoral - stable
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Elementary body

50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Palivizumab
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added