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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Pseudomonas
Guillain barre
Francesco Redi - experiment
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
2. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
3. What is legionnaires disease
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Influenza virus
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Severe pneumonia
4. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Surfers in the tropics
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
5. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
monera kingdom
Rickettsia rickettsii
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
6. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
coccus
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
7. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Clonorchis sinensis
Cholesterol
8. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
9. yeast and mold
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
spiral - spirochete
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
10. What is the main complication of mumps
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
chromosome - description
Acute/recent infection
Sterility
11. Which males have UTIs
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Strep bovis - also group D
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
12. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
yeast
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
13. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
E. coli - proteus
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Legionella
fungi
14. Which nematodes are ingested
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Sporothrix schenckii
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
15. What is gardnerella associated with
smooth ER
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
16. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
R. typhi
17. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Borrelia recurrentis
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Francesco Redi
18. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Muramic acid
Toxo crosses the placenta
19. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Salmonella
20. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
production of beer and wine
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
21. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Treponema - primary syphillis
chlamydia
basic shapes of bacteria
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
22. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
cilia - function
Diphyllobothrium latum
lipids (fats) =
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
23. Require high salt concentrations
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
halophiles
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
24. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
microaerophilic
spontaneous generation
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
25. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
Protein A - S. aureus
fungi
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Campylocobacter jejuni
26. What organisms are encapsulated
virology
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
characteristics of bacteria (5)
27. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Toxo crosses the placenta
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
28. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
29. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Double zone of hemolysis
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Dipicolinic acid
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
30. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Mice - deer
Cryptosporidium
Measles rubeola - measles
31. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Theory of Biogenesis
glycocalyx - function
Clostridium tetani
32. pus - empyema - abcess
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
complex virus example
S. aureus
actinomycetes (3) - description
33. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Many treponemas
spontaneous generation example
34. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Robert Hooke
Koch's Postulates 1
35. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
hypertonic solution
Bacterial superinfection
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
36. Svedberg units
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Group B strep - E. coli
S - definition
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
37. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Avain resevoir
H. flu
Enteroinvasive E. coli
envelope is composed of...
38. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
spontaneous generation example
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Between 2 and 18 months
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
39. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
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40. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
staining of bacteria
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
41. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Recombination
archaea domain
helical shape - definition
42. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
capsid - definition
Legionella
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
43. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Vulvuvaginitis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
44. varicella - lots of spots
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
amoebic dynsentry
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
45. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
S - definition
Sacral ganglia
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
46. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Anaerobes
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
47. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Mononuclear cells
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
hypotonic solution
48. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Vagina
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Legionella
49. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Children
Lepromatous
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
50. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
CMV
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
icosahedron