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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
osmotic lysis
gram- positive stain - explanation
Neisseria
Endosymbiotic Theory
2. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Plasmodium
Attachment to host T cell
golgi complex - function
3. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
arrangements of bacteria
C. diff
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
release (B)
4. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
halophiles
Motility - protein
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
five kingdoms of microorganisms
5. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Spikes
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Measles
Clostridium perfringens
6. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
assembly (AV)
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Unimmunised kids
7. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Salmonella typhi
Clonorchis sinensis
fimbriae - function
spontaneous generation example
8. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
cell membrane - function
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
9. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Clostridium perfringens
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
10. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
peptidoglycan - definition
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
11. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
No - erythromycin
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
12. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
cell membrane - function
gram- negative cell wall
Unimmunised kids
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
13. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
Dark field microscopy
Common cold and SARS
red tide
R. typhi
14. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
R. prowazekii
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
15. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
EBV
Campylocobacter jejuni
16. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
they are eukaryotes
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Pets - treat with topical azoles
17. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
HAV - RNA picornavirus
18. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
19. What is the pathophys of mucor
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Salmonella
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
20. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
lysis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
21. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
spiral - spirillum
pasteurization
arrangements - diplo
endocytosis...
22. Dimorphic/biphasic
what many pathogenic fungi are
Pox - complex
ASO titer
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
23. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Salmonella typhi
algology
Bartonella henselae
Paragonimus westermani
24. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
cell membrane - function
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Toxoplasmosis
25. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
N. gono causing gono
Lactose fermenting enterics
26. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Cmv
Robert Hooke
27. How do bacterial capsules function
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Lower lobe
28. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
production of beer and wine
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
algae characteristics (3)
29. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Enterobacter cloacae
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
30. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Reassortment
Borrelia burgdorferi
31. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
M. pneumoniae
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
32. What are VRE and What do they cause
Vagina
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
33. B12 def - parasite
gram- positive cell wall
Diphyllobothrium latum
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Entamoeba hisotlytica
34. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
anaerobic
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Strep pneumo and viridans
nucleus
35. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
10%; viral
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Cmv
osmotic lysis
36. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
Pseudomonas
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Protein A - S. aureus
37. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
bacteriophage - definition
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
38. What is HBeAg
archaea domain
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
E. Coli
39. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Azithromycin
Mycoplasma
Rubella
40. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Streptococcus mutans
Toxoplasmosis
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
41. How does urinary tract infection present
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
germination
Robert Koch
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
42. Clusters
arrangements - staphylo
icosahedron
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
43. Sporulation
endospores are formed via
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
44. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Viridans group streptococci
Acute/recent infection
10 to 12
protista kingdom
45. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Neuraminidase
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
46. Spherical
coccus
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Lactose fermenting enterics
Rubella german measles
47. What organisms stain with india ink
Dark field microscopy
Cryptosporidium
Cryptococcus neoformans
gas gangrene
48. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
49. What does Rubella virus cause
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
cell membrane - function
Toxo crosses the placenta
50. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
HIV - malnutrition - death
Clostridia
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Borrelia burgdorferi