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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
cytoplasm - definition
bacillus
protozoology
fungal infection examples (3)
2. Lowercase/italics or underlined
Robert Hooke
species
Gallbladder
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
3. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Between 2 and 18 months
4. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Bacterial superinfection
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
viruses
5. What does neg PPD indicated
Azithromycin
Strep pneumo and viridans
specific
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
6. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
algology
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Resistant
7. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
chemical synthesis...
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Reassortment
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
8. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Guillain barre
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
fungi kingdom
9. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
C. perfringens
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
osmotic pressure
Yersinia enterocolitica
10. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
11. Size - cell structure - replication
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
three domains of microorganisms
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
12. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
release (B)
13. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
S. aureus
oral yeast infections =
Group B strep - E. coli
Metronidazole
14. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Croup - seal like barking cough
chlamydia
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
15. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
malaria prevention
mycolic acid - definition
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
16. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
histoplasmosis
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Yersinia enterocolitica
17. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
60%; viruses
HIV - malnutrition - death
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
18. What kind of genome does HIV have
Dipoid RNA
mitochondria - function
Protein A - S. aureus
No cell wall
19. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Actinomyces isreallii
20. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
peptidoglycan - definition
21. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
ASO titer
22. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
gram- positive stain - explanation
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
23. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
replication (B)
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Cigar shaped yeast
24. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Killed/inactivated
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
25. burns or air
Pseudomonas
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
26. Help bacteria to attach to one another
Food - fingers - feces - flies
pili - function
HSV-2 - genital herpes
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
27. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
E. coli 0157:H7
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Capsid protein
28. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
IgG Anti - HBcAg
ribosomes - function
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
29. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Type B protease IgA
replication for eukaryotes
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
envelope is composed of...
30. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Rose gardner's
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Meningococci
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
31. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
assembly (AV)
Mycoplasma - have sterols
32. What does Rubella virus cause
Mice - deer
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Aerosal - from environmental water source
33. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
D- K
capsid is composed of...
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
34. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Rubella german measles
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
8 - orthomyoxovirus
35. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Surfers in the tropics
Parvo - single stranded
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
36. What bug produces a yellow pigment
S. aureus
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
37. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
cell membrane - function
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
38. When is the AIDS dx made
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
H. flu
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
39. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
bacteria domain
glycocalyx - description
Salmonella
Clostridium perfringens
40. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
gram stain - definition
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Killed/inactivated
spiral - spirochete
41. When do gram pos rods form spores
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
malaria symptoms
When nutriets are limited
42. What are PE signs of PID
B cells
hypertonic solution
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
43. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
flagella - description
Doxycycline
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
44. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
plasmid - definition
commercial applications
Genetic shift - pandemic
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
45. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
60%; viruses
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
No - erythromycin
46. What is pontiac fever
medical important mycobacteria
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
HBV from needle stick
47. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
plant kingdom
Meningococci
humans do not have
Actinomyces israeli
48. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Rubella german measles
Food - fingers - feces - flies
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
49. What is the main complication of mumps
Sterility
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
aerobic
50. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Cryptosporidium
plasmid - definition