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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Actic polymerization
capsid - definition
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
2. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Salpingitis
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Genetic shift - pandemic
3. Rupturing of cell
Ingestion of preformed toxin
lysis
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
eukaryotic organelles - definition
4. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
lipids (fats) =
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
5. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Severe pneumonia
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
6. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
viruses
EBV
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
protozoa (3)
7. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Paracoccidioidomycosis
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Campylocobacter jejuni
arrangements of bacteria
8. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
lysozyme
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
9. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Toxo crosses the placenta
microaerophilic
Anaerobes
Sexual activity - but not an STI
10. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
11. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
nucleus
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
12. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
specific
Elevated CRP and ESR
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
H flu type B
13. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Treponema - primary syphillis
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
14. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Surfers in the tropics
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
15. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Mucor or rhizopus
smooth ER
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Genetic shift - pandemic
16. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
E. coli
17. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
fermentation - definition
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
microaerophilic
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
18. Study of bacteria
envelope - definition
bacteriology
H. pylori
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
19. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
red algae make
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
No cell wall
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
20. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
commercial applications
gram- positive cell wall
capsid - function
21. What animals carry rabies virus
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Bat - racoon - skunk
Syphillis - sexual contact
22. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Neuraminidase
IVDU
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
23. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Motility - protein
10%; viral
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
24. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Guillain barre
Francesco Redi - experiment
Treponema
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
25. What is the TX for sporthrix
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
John Needham
tetanus
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
26. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
gas gangrene
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
virology
27. What is HBeAg
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Hemagluttin
28. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Killed viral vaccine
genus
Silver stain
five fields of microbiology
29. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Protein A - S. aureus
uncoating (AV)
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Bacteria - STD
30. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
60%; viruses
plasmid - function
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
31. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
B cells
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
32. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
flagella
Haematobium - bladder
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
33. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Rabies
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
C. perfringens
34. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Elevated CRP and ESR
Teichoic acid
<30 - military - prisons
bacillus
35. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
HIV - AIDS
Enterobius
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Rubella german measles
36. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Unimmunised kids
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
37. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Salpingitis
38. Pink
Cyanophora paradoxa
gram- negative stain - color
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
39. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
assembly (AV)
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
40. Bacteriophage
complex virus example
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
M. avium intracellulare
41. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Clonorchis sinensis
Beta hemolytic
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
42. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
gram- positive stain - explanation
malaria
Louis Pasteur - experiment
E. coli 0157:H7
43. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Dipicolinic acid
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
endospores - definition
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
44. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Chlamydia trachomatis
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Toxoplasmosis
45. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
malaria prevention
Cryptosporidium
red tide
pasteurization
46. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Measles rubeola - measles
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
47. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
amoebic dynsentry
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
48. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Borrelia recurrentis
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
capsid is composed of...
49. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
Clostridium tetani
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
actinomycetes (3) - description
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
50. What C. diptheria grows on...
Koch's Postulates 3
Dark field microscopy
flagella - description
Tellurite agar