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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. No metabolic activity
differential staining example
dormant
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

2. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Killed/inactivated
gram- negative cell wall

3. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Mycoplasma
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR

4. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

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5. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Acute/recent infection
Louis Pasteur
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

6. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Clostridium botulinum
pseudopodia
Candida
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)

7. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Legionella
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Beta hemolytic
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

8. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
CMV retinitis
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
No envelope

9. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
C. diff
Silver stain
cytoplasm - definition
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis

10. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Anti - HBsAb
mycology
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
taxonomic hierarchy

11. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
molds
Elementary body
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
acid- fast - color

12. How is treponema visualized
Dark field microscopy
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA

13. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
cell membrane - function
Chlamydia trachomatis
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

14. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
protozoology
red tide
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Brucella sp

15. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph

16. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
glycocalyx - description
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

17. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
eukarya domain
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Metronidazole
Lepromatous

18. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
nucleic acid
HCV

19. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Oral and esophageal thrush
Salmonella
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
E. Coli

20. What organisms stain with PAS

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21. Lowercase/italics or underlined
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
species
Actinomyces and nocardia

22. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
methanogens
Pox - complex
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised

23. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
medical important mycobacteria
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

24. Prevents contraction of muscles
flaccid paralysis
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

25. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

26. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
how do viruses take over a host cell?
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

27. Rodent viruses (not very common)
single- stranded DNA
Parvoviridae
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

28. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Avain resevoir
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
gram- negative stain - color
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

29. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
fimbriae - function

30. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Recombination
Koch's Postulates 4
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

31. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Koch's Postulates 2
Neuraminidase

32. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Starts quickly and ends quickly
icosahedron
differential staining example
commercial applications

33. What are the killed viral vaccines
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
antibiotics

34. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
chromosome - description
spiral
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

35. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
acid- fast - color
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

36. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
cell membrane - definition
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

37. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Lazzaro Spallanzani
HHV 6 - roseola
peptidoglycan - definition
mitochondria - function

38. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Pen
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
No envelope

39. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
HIV - AIDS
icosahedron
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

40. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Toxplasmosis
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
nucleic acid
Pseudomonas

41. What is the main complication of mumps
Sterility
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
structures of prokaryotic cell
red algae make

42. varicella - lots of spots
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
3 groups in archaea
Pseudomonas
Antigen associated with core of HBV

43. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
M. avium intracellulare
DNA hepadnavirus
double- stranded DNA
five kingdoms of microorganisms

44. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
Staph or enteric GNR
Salmonella typhi
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

45. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Doxycycline
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
plasmid - definition

46. PNA in immunCised
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
humans do not have
how many degrees celsius for mold?

47. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Capsid protein
Rubella
C. perfringens

48. Bacteriophage
complex virus example
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
aerobic

49. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
complex virus example
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Measles rubeola - measles
release (AV)

50. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Aerosal - from environmental water source
gram- negative stain - color
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis