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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
assembly (B)
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts

2. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Anaerobes

3. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
S. aureus
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)

4. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
acid- fast - color
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
humans do not have

5. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Measles rubeola - measles
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

6. Apiration PNA - orgs
Crohns or appendicitis
Anaerobes
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

7. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
D- K
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

8. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV

9. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
S. aureus
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Protein A - S. aureus

10. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Toxoplasmosis
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Bacteria - STD

11. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

12. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Group B strep - E. coli
Klebsiella pneumo
food industry
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

13. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Vagina
Clostridium tetani

14. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
S. aureus
lysozyme
Teichoic acid
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer

15. What are agryll roberston pupils
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Pseudomonas
Proteus mirabilis

16. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Doxycycline
lysozyme

17. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
bacillus
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Rubella
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

18. What is pontiac fever
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

19. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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20. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Aseptic meningitis

21. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
bacteriology
Azithromycin
Toxoid vaccine
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

22. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
what many pathogenic fungi are
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

23. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
mycolic acid - definition
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Food - fingers - feces - flies

24. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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25. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Francesco Redi - experiment
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

26. How is Hfr made
histoplasmosis
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
fermentation - definition
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel

27. What is a positive Monospot test
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Aerosal - from environmental water source
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Mice - deer

28. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
spontaneous generation example
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
how wine is spoiled
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

29. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
3 groups in archaea
what peptidoglycan is composed of

30. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Meningococci
icosahedron
100 micrometers
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

31. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
eukaryotes
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Pen
H. pylori

32. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Salpingitis
Unimmunised kids
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Envelope proteins

33. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Silver stain
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Serratia marcescens
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

34. What is the Ghon complex
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

35. What stain shows legionella
Neuraminidase
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Silver stain
taxonomic hierarchy

36. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Does not ferment sorbitol
PCR/Viral load
Francisella tularenis

37. What bug produces a red pigment
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Serratia
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

38. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

39. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
L1 - L2 - L3
hypertonic solution

40. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
E. coli 0157:H7
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen

41. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
C. perfringens
VZV - chickenpox
trichomoniasis...

42. Problem with food preservation - canning
cilia - function
humans do not have
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
botulism

43. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Schistosoma haematobium
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
helical shape - definition

44. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Entertoxigenic E. coli
M. pneumoniae
Protozoan - STD

45. Describe the rabies virus
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Metronidazole
Pseudomonas
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

46. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Cryptosporidium
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

47. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
endospores are formed via
acid- fast organism - definition
Toxoplasmosis
adsorption (B)

48. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

49. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
protozoology
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
endospores are formed via

50. What is weil's disease
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Dipoid RNA
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

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Microbiology

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