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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
mycolic acid - definition
malaria prevention
Viral gastroenteritis
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
2. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Nocardia asteroides
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
3. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
gram- positive cell wall
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
4. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
C. botulinum
coccus
Salmonella typhi
Fusion and entry
5. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
C. perfringens
gram- negative cell wall
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Cell Theory
6. Will show size and arrangement
simple staining of bacteria
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
7. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Meningococci
60%; viruses
Elementary body
8. What is the TX for h pylori
chromosome - description
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
bacteriology
Severe pneumonia
9. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
Azithromycin
IVDU
Genetic drift - epidemic
John Needham
10. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
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11. Related to a fungus
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
myc/myo means
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
12. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
CMV retinitis
Recombination
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
13. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
taxonomic hierarchy
Doxycycline
Metronidazole
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
14. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Legionella
Cell Theory
15. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Influenza virus
Measles
Avain resevoir
16. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
endospores - definition
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
17. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
trichomoniasis symptoms
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
18. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
bacteriology
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
19. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
chloroplasts - function
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
what many pathogenic fungi are
20. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
differential staining example
gram- positive cell wall
21. taenia solium - tricky Ts
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
22. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
double- stranded DNA
Cryptosporidium
Malignant otitis externa
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
23. When do gram pos rods form spores
necrosis
When nutriets are limited
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
24. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
chemical synthesis...
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Cigar shaped yeast
Toxoid vaccine
25. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
envelope is composed of...
26. How is legionella transmitted
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Aerosal - from environmental water source
ABC
27. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
malaria
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
28. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
protozoan infections (5)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Owl's eye inculsions
H flu type B
29. What is the pathophys of mucor
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
glycocalyx - function
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
30. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
Francesco Redi - experiment
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
31. What can PID cause
medical important mycobacteria
glycocalyx - description
double- stranded RNA
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
32. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
100 micrometers
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
replication (AV)
33. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Dark field microscopy
Rose gardner's
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
HBV
34. surgical wound
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Pseudomonas
S. aureus
Pseudomonas
35. What organisms stain with PAS
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36. Structure unique to some bacteria
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
endospores
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
plasmolysis
37. What does M protein do - who has it
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
H flu
38. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
M. avium intracellulare
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
39. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
germination
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Actinomyces and nocardia
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
40. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Yes
Mucor or rhizopus
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
41. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Mycoplasma
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Transformation or competence
42. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Koch's Postulates 1
mycology
Rubella - respiratory droplets
43. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Klebsiella
three domains of microorganisms
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
44. Will show special structures
special staining of bacteria
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
B cells
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
45. What does p24 do
Salmonella
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Capsid protein
46. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
protozoa (3)
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
<30 - military - prisons
47. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
IgG Anti - HBcAg
HEV
48. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
L1 - L2 - L3
Superantigen
Vulvuvaginitis
icosahedron
49. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Cigar shaped yeast
Mycobacterium
myc/myo means
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
50. neutropenic pts
10 to 12
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Candida and aspergillus
Taenia solium - cysticercosis