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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
flaccid paralysis
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

2. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
endospores - definition
Streptococcus mutans

3. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
flagella
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
halophiles
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

4. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Yes
M. avium intracellulare
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

5. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
arrangements of bacteria
H flu type B
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain

6. What stain shows legionella
Silver stain
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.

7. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
bacillus
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Robert Koch
release (B)

8. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

9. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Koch's Postulates 2
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Meningococci

10. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Neisseria

11. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
motility of bacteria
actinomycetes (3) - description
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

12. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
red tide
Enterobius
C. diptheriae

13. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

14. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Mucor or rhizopus
Vulvuvaginitis
Candida

15. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

16. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Serratia

17. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Borrelia burgdorferi
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

18. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
C. diff
Sexual activity - but not an STI
lipids (fats) =
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

19. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Mycobacterium
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive

20. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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21. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
penetration (B)
hypotonic solution
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

22. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
HIV - sexual
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

23. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
three domains of microorganisms
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
importance of microorganisms
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

24. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Anti - HBsAb
Dipicolinic acid
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

25. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Meningococci

26. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
bacteriology
myc/myo means

27. Multicellular and aerobic
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
molds
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Doxycycline

28. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Prompt oral rehydration
No envelope

29. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
C. diptheriae
Virbrio cholera
Treponema

30. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
acid- fast - color
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

31. What does aspergillus cause

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32. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
M. tuberculosis

33. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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34. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
John Needham
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Acute/recent infection

35. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Epiglottitis H flu type B
three domains of microorganisms
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis

36. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Lazzaro Spallanzani

37. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
envelope is composed of...
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

38. What organisms stain with india ink
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Proteus mirabilis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

39. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Actinomyces
fermentation - definition

40. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
Bacterial superinfection
Rubella german measles
Mycoplasma
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

41. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Bat - racoon - skunk
Aseptic meningitis
spiral - vibrio
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

42. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
necrosis
helical shape - definition
Gambiense - rhodesiense

43. What happens in tertiary syphillis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
C. perfringens
Avain resevoir
Mice - deer

44. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
HAV - RNA picornavirus
facultative
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
HHV 6 - roseola

45. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Candida albicans
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

46. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

47. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
Mice - deer
S. aureus
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

48. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Entamoeba histolytica
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Pseudomonas

49. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
polyhedral shape - defintion
Fusion and entry
Virbrio cholera
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

50. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Group B strep
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Actinomyces isreallii