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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
No envelope
structures of prokaryotic cell
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
2. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
cytoplasm - definition
Tellurite agar
Strep bovis - also group D
3. What are the gram pos bacilli
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
acid- fast - color
4. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
capsid is composed of...
flagella - function
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
5. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Legionella
6. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
basic shapes of bacteria
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
molds
7. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Syphillis - sexual contact
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Severe bacteremia - death
virus example
8. Rupturing of cell
lysis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
red tide
9. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
glycocalyx - description
Bartonella sp
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
C. diptheriae
10. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
endospores are resistant to (4)
Campylobacter
Chronic disease - positive during window period
11. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
three domains of microorganisms
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
12. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
M. pneumoniae
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
13. When is the AIDS dx made
assembly (B)
Influenza virus
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
14. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
fungi kingdom
Actic polymerization
gram stain - definition
15. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Superantigen
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
16. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
17. What are the symptoms of TB
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
18. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Actinomyces israeli
19. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
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20. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
lipids (fats) =
21. What does parvovirus cause
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Klebsiella pneumo
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
hypertonic solution
22. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Double zone of hemolysis
Severe bacteremia - death
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
23. What does PAS actually stain for
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
24. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Nematode in undercooked meat
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
25. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
IgG Anti - HBcAg
26. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
E. coli
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Trigeminal ganglia
fimbriae - function
27. Require high salt concentrations
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
halophiles
HIV - AIDS
bacteriology
28. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
taxonomic hierarchy
29. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
trichomoniasis...
Cmv
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
30. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Lymph nodes
C. diff
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
what peptidoglycan is composed of
31. What is the H flu vaccine
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Candida and aspergillus
acid- fast - color
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
32. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
eukaryotes
33. What stain shows legionella
not acid- fast - colo
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Silver stain
34. Where do VZV cells remain latent
S - definition
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
cytoplasm - definition
35. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Strep bovis - also group D
osmotic pressure
adsorption (AV)
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
36. What are the three forms of prion diesase
importance of microorganisms
food industry
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Clindamycin or ampicillin
37. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Robert Koch
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
38. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
HBV
Envelope proteins
39. Pink
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
acid- fast - color
Klebsiella
gram- positive cell wall
40. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
giardia
E. Coli
Dipicolinic acid
complex virus example
41. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
DNA hepadnavirus
humans do not have
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
42. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Cigar shaped yeast
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
43. PNA in CF - burn
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Pseudomonas
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
3 groups in archaea
44. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Cell Theory
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
45. roseola - lots of spots
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
R. typhi
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
46. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
IgG Anti - HBcAg
endospores
bacteriology
S. epidermidis
47. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
C. diff
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
48. What happens in tertiary syphillis
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
49. Unicellular and facultative
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
yeast
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
50. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
spiral
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma