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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
penetration (B)
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
animal kingdom

2. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Envelope proteins
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Actinomyces

3. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Common cold and SARS
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
specific
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

4. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
lysozyme
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

5. What is the nl flora of the colon
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Pasteurella multocida
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)

6. Simple - special - and differential
Klebsiella pneumo
staining of bacteria
60%; viruses
Pneumoniae and psittaci

7. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Group B strep
R. prowazekii
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
cell wall - function

8. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Clindamycin or ampicillin
M. pneumoniae
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

9. Postviral PNA
Histoplasmosis
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Attachment to host T cell
Staph or H. flu

10. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Avain resevoir
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not

11. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Group B strep - E. coli
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Double zone of hemolysis

12. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Borrelia burgdorferi
eukarya domain
Haematobium - bladder

13. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Staph saprophyticus
Rose gardner's
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

14. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
biogenesis
Malignant otitis externa
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

15. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Rose gardner's
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Salmonella
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

16. What does rubeloa virus cause
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
gram- positive cell wall
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

17. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
Muramic acid
peptidoglycan - definition
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Candida albicans

18. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
Pneumoniae and psittaci
biogenesis
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

19. What are the symptoms of mumps
H. pylori
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Common cold
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

20. What are VRE and What do they cause
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
differential staining example

21. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
ribosomes - function
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Fungi

22. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Sacral ganglia
endospores
Acid fast organisms
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

23. What are the killed viral vaccines
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
mycoplasma (5) - description
gram- negative stain - explanation
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

24. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
HCV
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Streptococcus mutans

25. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
CMV retinitis
Klebsiella pneumo
S. aureus

26. Bacteriophage
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
complex virus example
fermentation - definition
plasmolysis

27. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
giardia
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

28. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
gram- positive stain - color

29. When is H flu vaccine give
Between 2 and 18 months
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
fermentation - definition
flagella - function

30. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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31. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
adsorption (AV)
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

32. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Rifampin
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

33. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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34. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
<30 - military - prisons
10 to 12
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

35. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
cilia
protozoa (3)
differential staining example

36. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
Candida albicans
how wine is spoiled
penetration (AV)
microbiology

37. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Sporothrix schenckii
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

38. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
lysis
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
yeast
penetration (B)

39. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

40. perianal pruritis - parasite
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Enterobius
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

41. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Louis Pasteur

42. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Salmonella
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

43. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
S. aureus
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Enterobacter cloacae

44. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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45. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Coagulation cascade - DIC
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Nucleus - except parvovirus

46. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Koch's Postulates 1
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

47. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Entertoxigenic E. coli

48. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
No envelope
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Clostridium tetani
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension

49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Saucer shaped yeast forms
gas gangrene
Doxycycline
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

50. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Mycobacterium
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
HHV-8 - KS