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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
cell wall - function
M. avium intracellulare
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Bartonella sp
2. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Viral gastroenteritis
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
acid- fast - color
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
3. What does papillomovirus cause
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
plasmid - function
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
4. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Clostridium botulinum
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
5. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Cholesterol
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
6. What treatment is required for cholera
Prompt oral rehydration
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Entamoeba histolytica
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
7. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
production of beer and wine
chromosome - description
Borrelia burgdorferi
8. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Toxplasmosis
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
9. What does meningococci cause
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
H. flu
10. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
EBV
giardia
Reassortment
Superantigen
11. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
production of beer and wine
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
C. diptheriae
12. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
release (B)
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
13. What is the nl flora of the colon
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
envelope is composed of...
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
14. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Clonorchis sinensis
coccus
Entamoeba histolytica
15. What does gp41 do
Fusion and entry
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
16. Apiration PNA - orgs
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Anaerobes
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
17. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Borrelia burgdorferi
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
HAV - RNA picornavirus
18. yeast and mold
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
gram- negative cell wall
Mycoplasma
19. atypical PNA
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
20. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
3 groups in archaea
five fields of microbiology
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
21. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
10 to 12
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Saucer shaped yeast forms
22. What does coronavirus do
Salmonella
Common cold and SARS
PCR/Viral load
John Needham
23. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Yersinia enterocolitica
Schistosoma haematobium
Trigeminal ganglia
polyhedral shape - defintion
24. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
ribosomes - function
HEV
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
tetanus
25. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
S - definition
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
what envelope contains
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
26. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Histoplasmosis
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
27. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Mumps virus - mumps
Mycobacterium
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
28. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
cell membrane - definition
Pregnant women
spiral
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
29. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
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30. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Mycoplasma
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Pasteurella multocida
Cigar shaped yeast
31. yeast infection
lipids (fats) =
mycoplasma (5) - description
candidiasis
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
32. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
glycocalyx - description
33. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Surfers in the tropics
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Starts quickly and ends quickly
34. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Rabies
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Parvo - single stranded
cell wall - function
35. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Louis Pasteur - experiment
not acid- fast - colo
36. Postviral PNA
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
cilia
Staph or H. flu
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
37. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Endosymbiotic Theory
eukarya domain
Shigella
38. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
cilia - function
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Salmonella
39. What does HBsAg indicate
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
red algae make
EBV
hyperthermophiles
40. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
capsid - function
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Toxoplasmosis
41. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
viruses
PHV
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Diphyllobothrium latum
42. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Fungi
Pseudomonas
JC virus causing PML
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
43. Structure unique to some bacteria
complex virus example
Bacterial superinfection
endospores
single- stranded DNA
44. Size - cell structure - replication
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
45. Unicellular and facultative
yeast
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Negative
lysozyme
46. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
IVDU
Cryptosporidium
47. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Only borrelia
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Cmv
48. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
differential staining example
Lower lobe
49. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
E. coli - proteus
50. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
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