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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. health care provider
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
protozoology
HBV from needle stick
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

2. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
icosahedron
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

3. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
acid- fast - color
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
glycocalyx - function
C. botulinum

4. Which males have UTIs
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
giardia
replication (AV)

5. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Heat labile toxin
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

6. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Robert Koch
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

7. What does salmonella typhi cause
assembly (B)
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Antigen in urine

8. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Motility - protein
species
spiral - vibrio

9. What is HBcAg
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Clostridium botulinum
Pseudomonas
Antigen associated with core of HBV

10. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
No envelope
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

11. Apiration PNA - orgs
H. flu
Anaerobes
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel

12. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
facultative

13. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Capsid protein
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

14. Tissue died
gas gangrene
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

15. Study of algae
algology
C. perfringens
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

16. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
C tetani
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

17. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Mycobacterium
Rifampin
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

18. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
assembly (B)
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
protista kingdom
gram- positive stain - color

19. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
osmotic pressure
differential staining of bacteria
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

20. No metabolic activity
100 micrometers
dormant
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Nematode in undercooked meat

21. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
penetration (B)
Heat labile toxin
Salpingitis
Killed viral vaccine

22. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
gram- positive stain - explanation
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

23. pos PAS stain

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24. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Recombination
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
HBV

25. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
S. aureus
Campylocobacter jejuni

26. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Transformation or competence
Lepromatous
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli

27. What bugs are urease pos
protozoa (3)
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Fusion and entry
Group B strep - E. coli

28. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
adsorption (AV)
Lactose fermenting enterics
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

29. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

30. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
H. pylori
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults

31. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Plasmodium
eukaryotic organelles (5)
how wine is spoiled

32. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

33. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Cigar shaped yeast
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
smooth ER

34. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
protozoan infections (5)
osmotic lysis
protista kingdom
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

35. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
hypotonic solution
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
antibiotics
Common cold and SARS

36. Study of protozoans
golgi complex - function
protozoology
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Parvoviridae

37. Who typically gets sporothrix

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38. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Actinomyces and nocardia
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors

39. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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40. What is the Ghon complex
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Cyanophora paradoxa
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Pseudemonas aeruginosa

41. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Envelope proteins
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
halophiles

42. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
EBV

43. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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44. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
plasmid - definition
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
myc/myo means

45. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Streptococcus - staphylococus
giardia
Toxoid vaccine
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli

46. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
gram stain - definition
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

47. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
Koch's Postulates 3
ASO titer
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

48. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton

49. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
adsorption (AV)
Attachment to host T cell
acid- fast organism - definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

50. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Campylobacter
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
five fields of microbiology
Palivizumab