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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Shigella
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
pseudopodia
HIV - AIDS

2. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
HHV 6 - roseola
Unimmunised kids
Influenza virus
flagella - function

3. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Meningococci
Rubella
replication for prokaryotes
flagella - function

4. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
fungal infection examples (3)
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

5. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
tetanus
Parvoviridae
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
giardia

6. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Klebsiella granulomatis
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

7. What does catalase do
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
envelope - definition
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Borrelia recurrentis

8. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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9. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
CMV
uncoating (AV)
HBC - hepatitis B
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability

10. 70S = 30S + 50S
candidiasis
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Legionella
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

11. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
microbiology
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
chromosomes in nucleus are...

12. currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Immediately upon exposure
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

13. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
coccus
Nocardia asteroides
HHV-8 - KS

14. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

15. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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16. Tightly coiled
spiral - spirochete
red algae make
HBV from needle stick
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

17. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
methanogens
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
eukaryotes

18. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
antibiotics
chromosome - description
HIV - malnutrition - death

19. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
PCR/Viral load

20. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
chromosomes in nucleus are...
oxygen requirements of bacteria
envelope - definition
complex virus example

21. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
adsorption (B)

22. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
plasmolysis
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Plasmodium
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

23. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
envelope - definition
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Nocardia asteroides

24. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Double zone of hemolysis

25. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Palivizumab
differential staining example
Only borrelia
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

26. Requires presence of oxygen
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
aerobic

27. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
Francesco Redi - experiment
Klebsiella
botulism

28. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
actinomycetes (3) - description
biogenesis
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

29. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
No - erythromycin
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
virus example
Gallbladder

30. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
S. aureus

31. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Metronidazole
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

32. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Metronidazole

33. Will show the difference between two things
Oral and esophageal thrush
differential staining of bacteria
Salpingitis
Superantigen

34. What is weil's disease
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
cytoplasm - definition

35. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Anaerobes
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
hyperthermophiles
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.

36. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
spiral - vibrio
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

37. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Meningococci
Gallbladder
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Koch's Postulates 3

38. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
HHV-8 - KS
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
production of beer and wine
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

39. Spherical
eukarya domain
Cmv
Pasteurella multocida
coccus

40. Histoplasmosis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Doxycycline
Pseudomonas
Heat labile toxin

41. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
cilia - function
Anti - HAVAb IgM

42. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
actinomycetes (3) - description
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

43. Will show special structures
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
cytoplasm - definition
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
special staining of bacteria

44. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
VZV - chickenpox
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Anti - HAVAb IgM

45. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Diphyllobothrium latum
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

46. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
arrangements of bacteria
what envelope contains
Koch's Postulates 3

47. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Streptococcus mutans
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Food - fingers - feces - flies

48. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Vulvuvaginitis
Clostridium botulinum
Echinococcus granulosus
Aseptic meningitis

49. Requires absence of oxygen
anaerobic
endospores are resistant to (4)
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

50. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
food thickeners
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli