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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are PE signs of PID
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
2. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
Staph saprophyticus
cell membrane - definition
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
3. taenia solium - tricky Ts
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
capsid - definition
adsorption (B)
C. perfringens
4. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
genus
Cholesterol
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
5. What is Anti - HBeAg
Guillain barre
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
6. 25 celsius
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
how many degrees celsius for mold?
7. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Pox - complex
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Borrelia burgdorferi
8. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
malaria prevention
9. What does listeria infection cause
red tide
Gardnerella vaginalis
gram- positive stain - explanation
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
10. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Immediately upon exposure
Metabolic activity without division
endocytosis...
algology
11. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Strep bovis - also group D
viral shapes
12. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
bacteriophage - definition
gram stain - definition
Brucella sp
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
13. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Endosymbiotic Theory
14. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Bacterial superinfection
hypertonic solution
15. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
they are eukaryotes
Clostridium botulinum
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Candida and aspergillus
16. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
species
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
botulism
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
17. currant jelly sputum
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Klebsiella
Severe bacteremia - death
motility of bacteria
18. What is HBeAg
plasmolysis
Malignant otitis externa
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
19. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
20. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Clostridium perfringens
C. diptheriae
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
21. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Heat labile toxin
Between 2 and 18 months
anaerobic
22. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Crohns or appendicitis
eukarya domain
23. Study of bacteria
eukaryotes
bacteriology
Histoplasmosis
peptidoglycan - definition
24. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Capsid protein
cell membrane - function
Pasteurella multocida
food thickeners
25. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
biogenesis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
arrangements - diplo
peptidoglycan - definition
26. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
27. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture
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28. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Group B strep
capsid - definition
ASO titer
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
29. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
germination
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
CMV - RSV
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
30. What does rhinovirus do
Common cold
Bartonella sp
HDV
Genetic drift - epidemic
31. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
fungal infection examples (3)
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
gram- positive cell wall
32. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
lipids (fats) =
Borrelia recurrentis
S. aureus
Actic polymerization
33. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
34. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Capsid protein
Group B strep - E. coli
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
35. What is the TX for gardnerella
HHV 6 - roseola
Metronidazole
Bartonella henselae
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
36. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
flagella - function
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
37. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Weil Felix test
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
38. What viruses make up the arena virus family
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Lactose fermenting enterics
39. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
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40. What is a positive Monospot test
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Measles rubeola - measles
41. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
Pseudomonas
Chlamydia trachomatis
S. aureus
peptidoglycan - definition
42. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
flagella - function
Azithromycin
Entamoeba histolytica
43. What does salmonella typhi cause
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Clostridium perfringens
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
44. How do you treat lyme disease
germination
C. perfringens
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
45. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Louis Pasteur - experiment
ribosomes - function
46. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
protozoan infections (5)
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
nucleic acid
spiral - vibrio
47. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Mice - deer
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
48. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
C tetani
adsorption (AV)
spiral - vibrio
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
49. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Trigeminal ganglia
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
50. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
microbiology
Echinococcus granulosus