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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Pox - complex
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
S. aureus

2. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
cell wall - function
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Vagina

3. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
uncoating (AV)
HDV
Cyanophora paradoxa
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

4. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
plasmolysis

5. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
M. avium intracellulare
B. cereus

6. Protein synthesis
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Gallbladder
ribosomes - function
Neisseria

7. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Dipicolinic acid
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
fimbriae - function

8. Dimorphic/biphasic
E. coli - proteus
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
what many pathogenic fungi are
C tetani

9. The host cell's plasma membrane
envelope is composed of...
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

10. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Shigella
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
endospores
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

11. When is H flu vaccine give
Protozoan - STD
specialized flagella
Between 2 and 18 months
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

12. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Salpingitis
Pseudomonas
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

13. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
C. diptheriae
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
fungal infection examples (3)
Saucer shaped yeast forms

14. perianal pruritis - parasite
capsid - definition
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Enterobius
Rubella

15. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
Endosymbiotic Theory
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Metronidazole

16. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
PHV
Rickettsia rickettsii
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

17. painless chancre - org and dz
Treponema - primary syphillis
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Silver stain

18. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
No - erythromycin
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
S. aureus
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus

19. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
HHV-6 roseola
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
C. botulinum

20. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Endosymbiotic Theory
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

21. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
flagella

22. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Trigeminal ganglia
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

23. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Actinomyces
Clostridium tetani

24. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
infection process of animal viruses (6)
S. aureus
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

25. Will show size and arrangement
simple staining of bacteria
Viridans group streptococci
they are eukaryotes
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

26. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Sporothrix schenckii
Pasteurella multocida
capsid is composed of...

27. What does Rubella virus cause
Sterility
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
not acid- fast - colo
what many pathogenic fungi are

28. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

29. Rupturing of cell
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Group B strep - E. coli
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
lysis

30. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Klebsiella pneumo
Chlamydia trachomatis

31. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Anti - HAVAb IgM
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria

32. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
HAV - RNA picornavirus
100 micrometers
Avain resevoir
Toxplasmosis

33. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
John Needham
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
interferon

34. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
nucleus
cilia - function

35. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Francisella tularenis
special staining of bacteria
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
No cell wall

36. dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
Genetic drift - epidemic
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
eukaryotic organelles - definition

37. yeast infection
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
candidiasis
Oral and esophageal thrush
Metronidazole

38. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
H. flu
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

39. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
osmotic lysis
Measles rubeola - measles
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

40. What C. diptheria grows on...
S. aureus
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Many treponemas
Tellurite agar

41. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
flagella
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Many treponemas

42. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Francisella tularenis
Proteus mirabilis
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

43. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
CMV - RSV
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
algology

44. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
C. diff
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
plasmolysis
Protozoan - STD

45. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
plasmid - function
Metabolic activity without division
Parvo - single stranded
Actinomyces isreallii

46. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Cyanophora paradoxa
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
HHV-6 roseola

47. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Endosymbiotic Theory
Aseptic meningitis
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

48. What does poxvirus cause

49. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
Actinomyces israeli
Malignant otitis externa
Influenza virus
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

50. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
fungi
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Metronidazole