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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
H flu
five fields of microbiology

2. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Pox - complex
Measles rubeola - measles

3. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
special staining of bacteria

4. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

5. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Salmonella
Chronic disease - positive during window period
All except coxiella are via arthropod

6. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

7. 10 - 100 micrometers
eukaryotes
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
fimbriae - function
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

8. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
E. Coli
Pasteurella multocida
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

9. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
lysis
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Croup - seal like barking cough
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

10. What does catalase do
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
ABC
Vagina

11. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
double- stranded DNA
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
golgi complex - function
release (AV)

12. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
methanogens
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)

13. Study of bacteria
Fusion and entry
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
bacteriology

14. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

15. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
gram stain - definition
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Louis Pasteur

16. portal HTN - parasite
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Echinococcus granulosus
Schistosoma mansori
Entamoeba hisotlytica

17. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Pseudomonas
single- stranded DNA
capsid - function
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)

18. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

19. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Salpingitis
Strep pneumo and viridans
mycoplasma (5) - description
H. flu

20. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
histoplasmosis
peptidoglycan - definition
capsid - function

21. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
mycolic acid - definition

22. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
plant kingdom
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

23. Trichomonas
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Immediately upon exposure
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
flagella

24. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Measles rubeola - measles
CMV retinitis
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Pasteurella multocida

25. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
specialized flagella
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Pasteurella multocida
endospores - definition

26. fungal infection in diabetic
Candida albicans
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Mucor or rhizopus

27. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons

28. perianal pruritis - parasite
Enterobius
special staining of bacteria
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer

29. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Malignant otitis externa
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)

30. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Yersinia enterocolitica
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Elevated CRP and ESR

31. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
actinomycetes (3) - description
Nocardia asteroides

32. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
nucleus
chromosome - function

33. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
monera kingdom
five kingdoms of microorganisms

34. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
HBV from needle stick
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
dormant
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

35. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
glycocalyx - function
S. aureus
golgi complex - function
DNA hepadnavirus

36. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Heat labile toxin
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Legionella

37. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
humans do not have
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Cyanophora paradoxa

38. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Clostridium botulinum
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

39. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
H flu
acid- fast - color
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

40. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
amoebic dynsentry
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

41. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
dormant

42. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Bartonella henselae
Staph make it - strep don't
Gardnerella vaginalis
malaria symptoms

43. What are the recombinant vaccines
Cryptococcus neoformans
All of them
infection process of animal viruses (6)
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

44. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Bacterial superinfection
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Crohns or appendicitis
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

45. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
cytoplasm - definition
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
oxygen requirements of bacteria
icosahedron

46. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Candida albicans
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Nocardia asteroides
Ancylostoma - necator

47. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
hyperthermophiles
HAV - RNA picornavirus
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

48. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Robert Hooke
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli

49. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

50. Virus is engulfed by host cell
endocytosis...
Bacillus anthracis
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets