Test your basic knowledge |

Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
antibiotics
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

2. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Bacteria - STD

3. What is the nl flora in the nose
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Severe bacteremia - death
Candida

4. What kind of genome does HIV have
red algae make
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Dipoid RNA
Starts quickly and ends quickly

5. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Coagulation cascade - DIC
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

6. What organisms are encapsulated
M. avium intracellulare
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Rabies

7. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
HHV-6 roseola
Histoplasmosis
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

8. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
mitochondria - function
Mumps virus - mumps
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Treponema - tertiary syphillis

9. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
PCR/Viral load
Prompt oral rehydration
Motility - protein
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

10. What are PE signs of PID
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
algae characteristics (3)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

11. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Enterobius

12. What are prion disease caused by
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

13. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Guillain barre
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
CMV
single- stranded DNA

14. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
CMV - RSV
Serratia marcescens
Common cold and SARS

15. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Salmonella
Klebsiella granulomatis

16. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Teichoic acid
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella

17. What stain shows legionella
Silver stain
Pox - complex
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
C tetani

18. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

19. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Streptococcus - staphylococus
bacteria domain
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor

20. Bacteriophage
Azithromycin
cilia
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
complex virus example

21. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
many humans would test antibody positive for this

22. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

23. What are the lab findings for cholera
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Gambiense - rhodesiense
HIV - malnutrition - death

24. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
flagella - function

25. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Metronidazole
facultative
C. diff

26. What is HBeAg
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Rapid cell division
Severe pneumonia
capsid - function

27. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
IVDU
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

28. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
E. Coli
Silver stain
Muramic acid
commercial applications

29. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Echinococcus granulosus
Actinomyces israeli

30. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Avain resevoir
Negative

31. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
replication for eukaryotes
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability

32. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
penetration (AV)
Clonorchis sinensis
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

33. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
golgi complex - function
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Schistosoma haematobium
cytoplasm - definition

34. Study of protozoans
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
rickettsia
protozoology

35. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

36. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
H. flu
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
E. Coli
When nutriets are limited

37. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
EBV
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
molds
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

38. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
botulism
what peptidoglycan is composed of
spontaneous generation example

39. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
capsid - definition
virus example
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

40. Will show special structures
Louis Pasteur
special staining of bacteria
algae characteristics (3)
HHV-8 - KS

41. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
ribosomes - function
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

42. portal HTN - parasite
Rubella german measles
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Schistosoma mansori
arrangements - strepto...

43. microcytic anemia - parasite
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Acute/recent infection
Ancylostoma - necator

44. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Borrelia burgdorferi
helical shape - definition
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Nucleus - except parvovirus

45. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
S - definition
Beta hemolytic

46. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
basic shapes of bacteria
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

47. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
golgi complex - function
characteristics of bacteria (5)

48. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Legionella
Toxo crosses the placenta
Rifampin
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

49. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

50. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Sterility
fimbriae - function
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
C. diff