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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Teichoic acid
No envelope
Campylobacter
Candida albicans
2. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
protozoan infections (5)
penetration (AV)
Acute/recent infection
Attachment to host T cell
3. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
special staining of bacteria
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
ribosomes - function
4. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
infection process of animal viruses (6)
lysis
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Transformation or competence
5. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Francesco Redi - experiment
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Enteroinvasive E. coli
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
6. In who does HEV have high mortality
Pregnant women
eukarya domain
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
fungal infection examples (3)
7. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
glycocalyx - description
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
double- stranded DNA
protozoa (3)
8. Study of algae
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
algology
9. All living things are composed of cells
Cell Theory
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
spiral - spirochete
Aseptic meningitis
10. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Viridans group streptococci
Palivizumab
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
11. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Measles rubeola - measles
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
12. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Fungi
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
13. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
C. diptheriae
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
14. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
single- stranded DNA
protista kingdom
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
15. What are VRE and What do they cause
Clostridia
protozoa (3)
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
16. What does papillomovirus cause
Rifampin
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
17. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
spontaneous generation example
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
18. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
N. gono causing gono
19. What is the main complication of mumps
Sterility
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Gardnerella vaginalis
20. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
JC virus causing PML
Genetic drift - epidemic
Meningococci
endospores are resistant to (4)
21. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
specialized flagella
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Ingestion of preformed toxin
22. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
HCV
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
23. What is the triad of HUS
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Strep bovis - also group D
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
24. What does rubeloa virus cause
ribosomes - function
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
25. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
bacteriology
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
26. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Starts quickly and ends quickly
assembly (B)
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
gram- positive cell wall
27. What does group B strep cause
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
arrangements of bacteria
28. Requires presence of oxygen
Acid fast organisms
what many pathogenic fungi are
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
aerobic
29. What does parvovirus cause
Common cold
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
30. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Treponema - primary syphillis
flagella - function
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Immediately upon exposure
31. How do bacterial capsules function
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
gram- negative stain - color
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
32. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
nucleus
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
33. Allgin and carrageenan
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
food thickeners
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
34. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
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35. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
H flu
36. What are the killed viral vaccines
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Surfers in the tropics
37. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Rubella german measles
HIV - malnutrition - death
Dark field microscopy
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
38. What does adenovirus cause
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Beta hemolytic
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
39. Mycotoxin
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Spikes
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
40. What are the symptoms of mumps
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
No cell wall
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Influenza virus
41. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
EBV
adsorption (B)
histoplasmosis
flaccid paralysis
42. Svedberg units
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
golgi complex - function
S - definition
penetration (AV)
43. surgical wound
endocytosis...
D- K
S. aureus
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
44. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
acid- fast organism - definition
45. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
46. rubeola - lots of spots
Paramyxovirus; measles
Mononuclear cells
Histoplasmosis
arrangements of bacteria
47. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
fungal infection examples (3)
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Beta hemolytic
48. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
humans do not have
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
tetanus
49. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Bartonella henselae
mycology
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
50. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
C. diptheriae
Actic polymerization
H flu
Mycobacterium
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