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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Yeast - protazoan
Vulvuvaginitis
CMV - RSV

2. Where do VZV cells remain latent
not acid- fast - colo
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

3. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Pseudomonas
algae characteristics (3)
Strep pneumo and viridans
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

4. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Double zone of hemolysis
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
malaria prevention
Cryptosporidium

5. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
M. kansasii
Louis Pasteur - experiment
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Anaerobes

6. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Streptococcus - staphylococus
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
replication (AV)
acid- fast organism - definition

7. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Streptococcus mutans
100 micrometers
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
pili - function

8. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
fungi
Rabies
how many degrees celsius for mold?
golgi complex - function

9. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
release (AV)
envelope is composed of...
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
S. aureus

10. Agar
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Children
red algae make
Ancylostoma - necator

11. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Dipoid RNA
lysis
polyhedral shape - defintion
monera kingdom

12. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
protozoan infections (5)
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Clostridium botulinum
HAV - RNA picornavirus

13. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Clostridium perfringens
M. kansasii

14. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
S - definition
glycocalyx - function
C. perfringens

15. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Candida
Pseudomonas

16. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
adsorption (AV)
prokaryotes
humans do not have
genus

17. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Pen
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
HHV 6 - roseola

18. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Entertoxigenic E. coli
microbiology

19. pediatric infxn
Yes
how do viruses take over a host cell?
replication for prokaryotes
H flu

20. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Robert Hooke
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Echinococcus granulosus
3 groups in archaea

21. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
C. diptheriae
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
glycocalyx - description

22. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
microaerophilic
gram- positive stain - explanation
Antigen in urine

23. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
ASO titer
they are eukaryotes

24. What are the lab findings for cholera
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Pseudomonas
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

25. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
smooth ER
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Metabolic activity without division

26. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
C. perfringens
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Recombination
Robert Hooke

27. Death of tissue
necrosis
Borrelia burgdorferi
endocytosis...
E. Coli

28. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
protozoology
osmotic pressure

29. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
protozoan infections (5)
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

30. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
R. prowazekii
necrosis
Bat - racoon - skunk
Trigeminal ganglia

31. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Bacterial superinfection
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Gardnerella vaginalis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

32. How do you treat lyme disease
Endosymbiotic Theory
Pseudomonas
Bacillus anthracis
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone

33. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
E. coli 0157:H7
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Salmonella
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

34. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Brucella sp
PCR/Viral load
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

35. How is legionella transmitted
Aerosal - from environmental water source
gram- negative stain - explanation
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Pseudomonas

36. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Measles rubeola - measles
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis

37. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Doxycycline
antibiotics

38. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
aerobic
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Nocardia asteroides
Between 2 and 18 months

39. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Pseudomonas
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
mitochondria - function

40. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Spikes
Clostridium perfringens
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Between 2 and 18 months

41. What is legionnaires disease
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Severe pneumonia
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

42. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
animal kingdom
rough ER
HEV
pasteurization

43. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen

44. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
acid- fast - color
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

45. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
smooth ER
protista kingdom
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

46. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
HBV
Meningococci
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Aerosal - from environmental water source

47. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Meningococci
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact

48. How do bacterial capsules function
Silver stain
C. diptheriae
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

49. Are there carriers for HDV
Yes
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Bartonella sp
Louis Pasteur - experiment

50. surgical wound
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
S. aureus
Louis Pasteur
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)