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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When is H flu vaccine give
Between 2 and 18 months
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
HSV-2 - genital herpes
arrangements - staphylo

2. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
five fields of microbiology

3. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Measles
Group B strep
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

4. Spiral
spiral - spirillum
pseudopodia
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

5. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
lysis
Meningococci
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Severe bacteremia - death

6. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
endospores - definition

7. What are the three forms of prion diesase
M. tuberculosis
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Protozoan - a TORCH infection

8. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
flagella - description
All of them

9. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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10. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Bacteria - STD
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

11. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
C. diff
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
red tide

12. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Resistant
what many pathogenic fungi are
gram- negative cell wall
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

13. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Negative
Pen

14. dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
Influenza virus
Capsid protein
biogenesis

15. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

16. What does PAS actually stain for
Weil Felix test
halophiles
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

17. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
facultative
endospores are resistant to (4)
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV

18. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Lepromatous
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

19. What does neg PPD indicated
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

20. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Staph make it - strep don't
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)

21. variola - lots of spots
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
nucleus
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

22. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
simple staining of bacteria
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)

23. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
endospores are formed via
Metronidazole
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
single- stranded DNA

24. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
nucleus
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Meningococci

25. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Salmonella
golgi complex - function
Gonococci

26. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
When nutriets are limited

27. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
cell wall - function
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
cytoplasm - definition

28. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
nucleus
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Gardnerella vaginalis

29. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Entamoeba hisotlytica
fungi
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
eukaryotic organelles - definition

30. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
helical shape - definition
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
food thickeners
what peptidoglycan is composed of

31. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
five fields of microbiology
Salmonella
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

32. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
PCR/Viral load
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

33. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
what envelope contains
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
nucleic acid

34. Blue
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
not acid- fast - colo
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

35. What is the TX for sporthrix
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
not acid- fast - colo

36. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
PHV
ribosomes - function
chromosome - description
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

37. Requires absence of oxygen
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
anaerobic
Sexual activity - but not an STI
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

38. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Clostridia
Actic polymerization
acid- fast organism - definition
Rifampin

39. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
tetanus
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Superantigen

40. What does norwalk virus do
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Viral gastroenteritis
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Gonococci

41. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Gallbladder
Clonorchis sinensis
Rubella - respiratory droplets
S. aureus

42. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
gram- positive cell wall
Weil Felix test
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

43. Related to a fungus
myc/myo means
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Sporothrix schenckii

44. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
endospores
gram- positive stain - color
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts

45. Which nematodes are ingested
S - definition
biogenesis
Meningococci
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

46. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
protozoan infections (5)
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen

47. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Yeast - protazoan
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

48. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

49. What is the TX for h pylori
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
spiral - spirochete
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides

50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Pasteurella multocida
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti