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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
2. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
<30 - military - prisons
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Pseudomonas
3. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Strep bovis - also group D
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Owl's eye inculsions
HDV
4. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
characteristics of bacteria (5)
chromosome - function
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
5. surgical wound
coccus
S. aureus
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Parvo - single stranded
6. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
protozoa (3)
Rifampin
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Theory of Biogenesis
7. What is pontiac fever
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
hypotonic solution
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Pseudomonas
8. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
HBV from needle stick
HHV 6 - roseola
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
C. perfringens
9. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Robert Koch
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
10. In who does HEV have high mortality
HBV from needle stick
Pregnant women
Pseudomonas
Metabolic activity without division
11. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
cell wall - function
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
uncoating (AV)
12. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
100 micrometers
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
trichomoniasis...
polyhedral shape - defintion
13. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
microaerophilic
Muramic acid
Dark field microscopy
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
14. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
S - definition
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Oral and esophageal thrush
smooth ER
15. What does gonococi cause
mitochondria - function
pili - function
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
16. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
No - erythromycin
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
necrosis
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
17. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
H flu type B
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Candida and aspergillus
S. aureus
18. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
algae characteristics (3)
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
19. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Pox - complex
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Antigen in vaccines
Entamoeba histolytica
20. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
myc/myo means
21. What are the 4 phases of HIV
biogenesis
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
22. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
John Needham
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
23. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
dormant
Staph or H. flu
Genetic shift - pandemic
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
24. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
capsid is composed of...
100 micrometers
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
25. What does PAS actually stain for
C. perfringens
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
trichomoniasis symptoms
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
26. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
All of them
motility of bacteria
27. Chemical synthesis and food industry
HHV 6 - roseola
Aerosal - from environmental water source
commercial applications
HEV
28. What bugs are urease pos
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
not acid- fast - colo
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Klebsiella granulomatis
29. PNA in elderly
Common cold and SARS
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
30. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Schistosoma haematobium
31. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
32. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
algae characteristics (3)
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
33. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
34. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Severe bacteremia - death
35. Thrush
oral yeast infections =
mitochondria - function
IVDU
Specialized transduction - an excision event
36. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
acid- fast organism - definition
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
37. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Endosymbiotic Theory
envelope - definition
38. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
release (AV)
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
single- stranded DNA
Rose gardner's
39. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
gram stain - definition
40. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
protista kingdom
three domains of microorganisms
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
interferon
41. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Robert Hooke
42. No metabolic activity
dormant
Candida
Diphyllobothrium latum
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
43. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
gram- positive stain - color
complex virus example
Toxo crosses the placenta
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
44. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
45. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
M. tuberculosis
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
46. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Actic polymerization
10%; viral
spontaneous generation example
EBV
47. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
capsid - definition
Campylocobacter jejuni
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
48. Name the live attenuated vaccines
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49. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Mumps virus - mumps
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
50. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
No envelope
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma