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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
H flu
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
2. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Clostridium tetani
archaea domain
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
DNA hepadnavirus
3. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
bacteriology
Actinomyces
4. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Mucor or rhizopus
replication (AV)
helical shape - definition
5. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
HBV
flagella - function
bacteria domain
6. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
genus
VZV - chickenpox
Rubella german measles
7. variola - lots of spots
Klebsiella
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
bacteria domain
8. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
10%; viral
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
9. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
animal kingdom
Cryptosporidium
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Dark field microscopy
10. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Severe bacteremia - death
Rubella - respiratory droplets
11. What is the pathophys of mucor
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
12. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
differential staining of bacteria
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
13. What are the markers of Hep immunity
fungi kingdom
polyhedral shape - defintion
Anti - HBsAb
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
14. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
differential staining of bacteria
Mononuclear cells
chlamydia
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
15. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Actinomyces israeli
plant kingdom
Proteus mirabilis
16. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
S. aureus
Killed/inactivated
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
17. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
18. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
protista kingdom
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
S - definition
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
19. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Oral and esophageal thrush
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
20. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Actinomyces isreallii
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
how many degrees celsius for mold?
21. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Pasteurella multocida
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
22. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
myc/myo means
basic shapes of bacteria
Diphyllobothrium latum
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
23. What is the treatment for syphillis
Pen
Common cold and SARS
Antigen in urine
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
24. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
icosahedron
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Sexual activity - but not an STI
25. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
flagella - function
26. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Doxycycline
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
what envelope contains
27. 37 celsius
Lepromatous
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
chlamydia
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
28. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
uncoating (AV)
gram- negative cell wall
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
29. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
histoplasmosis
Azithromycin
eukarya domain
30. Simple - special - and differential
Coagulation cascade - DIC
histoplasmosis
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
staining of bacteria
31. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
IVDU
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
32. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
Beta hemolytic
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
flaccid paralysis
33. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
cell wall - function
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Histoplasmosis
Type B protease IgA
34. Spherical
hypotonic solution
Killed/inactivated
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
coccus
35. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
endocytosis...
36. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
halophiles
37. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Salmonella typhi
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
acid- fast organism - definition
38. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Toxplasmosis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
39. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Klebsiella pneumo
Sexual activity - but not an STI
amoebic dynsentry
Ring enhancing brain lesions
40. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Mice - deer
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
M. pneumoniae
Toxoplasmosis
41. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces isreallii
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
42. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
gram- negative cell wall
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
43. What is the technique to visualize treponema
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Attachment to host T cell
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
44. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
HHV 6 - roseola
Strep bovis - also group D
45. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
how wine is spoiled
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
46. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
arrangements - strepto...
Nematode in undercooked meat
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
47. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Surfers in the tropics
Lactose fermenting enterics
gram- negative stain - explanation
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
48. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Muramic acid
49. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Pseudomonas
Superantigen
Paragonimus westermani
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
50. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores