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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Weil Felix test
Virbrio cholera
endospores - definition
Common cold

2. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
John Needham - experiment
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

3. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
malaria
Paragonimus westermani
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

4. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
fimbriae - function
Elementary body
endospores
Gonococci

5. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
giardia
No cell wall

6. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
fungi kingdom
Staph make it - strep don't
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes

7. What does gonococi cause
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Does not ferment sorbitol
adsorption (AV)

8. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
genus
ribosomes - function
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Bat - racoon - skunk

9. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Meningococci

10. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

11. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
protista kingdom
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Rubella german measles

12. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
HEV
Elevated CRP and ESR
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons

13. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Robert Hooke
acid- fast organism - definition

14. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
what peptidoglycan is composed of
John Needham - experiment
Killed viral vaccine
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

15. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
histoplasmosis
gram- positive stain - color
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

16. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

17. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

18. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Mycoplasma
E. coli - proteus
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
C. perfringens

19. How are rickettsiae transmitted
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Sexual activity - but not an STI

20. yeast and mold
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
red algae make
Motility - protein
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

21. Mycotoxin
Salmonella typhi
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
penetration (B)
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

22. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

23. Trichomonas
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
flagella
R. prowazekii
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis

24. Study of fungi
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
mycology
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

25. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Dark field microscopy
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
mycoplasma (5) - description
three domains of microorganisms

26. What does meningococci cause
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
plasmolysis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

27. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease

28. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
L1 - L2 - L3
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Neisseria
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

29. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Yersinia enterocolitica
Actinomyces israeli

30. currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Treponema - primary syphillis
Pseudemonas aeruginosa

31. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Metronidazole
Negative
Attachment to host T cell

32. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Doxycycline

33. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

34. What does group B strep cause
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
nucleus
Antigen in urine
Francisella tularenis

35. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Clostridium tetani
Toxo crosses the placenta
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Parvoviridae

36. What is gardnerella associated with
protozoology
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Toxoid vaccine

37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Bacterial superinfection

38. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
complex virus example
capsid is composed of...
Anaerobes

39. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

40. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Azithromycin
Legionella
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

41. 25 celsius
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Aseptic meningitis
Antigen in urine
how many degrees celsius for mold?

42. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
acid- fast organism - definition
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

43. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Lactose fermenting enterics
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

44. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
flagella - function
gram- positive stain - color
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Nucleus - except parvovirus

45. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Superantigen
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

46. Paramecium
cilia
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox

47. Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift - epidemic
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
HIV - malnutrition - death
Strep bovis - also group D

48. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
S. aureus
M. tuberculosis
methanogens
Pneumocystis jerovici

49. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
pseudopodia
differential staining of bacteria

50. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
chloroplasts - function
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Resistant
microbiology