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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. pus - empyema - abcess
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
halophiles
S. aureus
2. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
assembly (AV)
endospores are resistant to (4)
C. perfringens
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
3. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
nucleic acid
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
fungi kingdom
4. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
taxonomic hierarchy
Yersinia enterocolitica
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Staph make it - strep don't
5. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Proteus mirabilis
Pregnant women
6. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Strep pneumo and viridans
Envelope proteins
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
7. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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8. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Pasteurella multocida
9. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
cell wall - function
mycology
Unimmunised kids
Cyanophora paradoxa
10. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Protozoan - STD
C. perfringens
anaerobic
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
11. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
12. The host cell's plasma membrane
Clonorchis sinensis
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
envelope is composed of...
13. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
prokaryotes
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
motility of bacteria
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
14. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
E. coli
Robert Koch
15. Which males have UTIs
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
S - definition
16. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
gram- negative cell wall
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Louis Pasteur
Actinomyces
17. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
dormant
Mumps virus - mumps
uncoating (AV)
flagella - function
18. variola - lots of spots
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Enterobius
19. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
medical important mycobacteria
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
20. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
replication for eukaryotes
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
plasmid - function
21. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Transformation or competence
Legionella
Enterobius
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
22. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Lactose fermenting enterics
23. Ability to move via flagella
motility of bacteria
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
mycology
bacteriophage - definition
24. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Cell Theory
C. perfringens
25. Bacteriophage
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
complex virus example
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
26. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
osmotic lysis
HSV-2 - genital herpes
27. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Salpingitis
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
28. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Pseudomonas
they are eukaryotes
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
29. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
No cell wall
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
30. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
acid- fast organism - definition
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
gram- negative stain - color
Elevated CRP and ESR
31. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Yeast - protazoan
32. Study of protozoans
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Pseudomonas
protozoology
Plasmodium
33. Mycotoxin
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
34. What does adenovirus cause
assembly (B)
Mucor or rhizopus
smooth ER
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
35. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
capsid - definition
what envelope contains
36. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
what many pathogenic fungi are
Common cold
Brucella sp
37. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Pseudomonas
Pasteurella multocida
38. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
capsid - definition
Pets - treat with topical azoles
HDV
Doxycycline
39. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
cell wall - function
Salmonella
osmotic lysis
interferon
40. hemoptysis - parasite
Candida
Paragonimus westermani
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Toxoplasmosis
41. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Toxoid vaccine
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Pasteurella multocida
fungi
42. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
double- stranded RNA
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Borrelia recurrentis
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
43. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Azithromycin
chromosome - description
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
44. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Beta hemolytic
Mycoplasma - have sterols
amoebic dynsentry
Robert Hooke
45. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Teichoic acid
H flu
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
46. 80S = 60S + 40S
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
HBC - hepatitis B
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
47. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
assembly (AV)
Elementary body
Entamoeba histolytica
Strep pneumo and viridans
48. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
malaria symptoms
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Metronidazole
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
49. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Bacillus anthracis
Teichoic acid
arrangements - staphylo
Elevated CRP and ESR
50. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Measles
Robert Koch