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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Gonococci
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
production of beer and wine
2. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
osmotic pressure
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Crohns or appendicitis
osmotic lysis
3. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Killed viral vaccine
cilia - function
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
4. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
fimbriae - function
Salmonella
Protozoan - STD
how wine is spoiled
5. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
chemical synthesis...
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
rickettsia
Schistosoma haematobium
6. What stain shows legionella
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Silver stain
Crohns or appendicitis
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
7. How is legionella detected clinically
histoplasmosis
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Antigen in urine
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
8. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Vagina
Antigen in urine
9. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
DNA hepadnavirus
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
10. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
structures of prokaryotic cell
cilia
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
11. What does listeria infection cause
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Anti - HBsAb
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
12. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
bacteriology
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
medical important mycobacteria
13. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
golgi complex - function
Bordetella pertussis
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
14. When is the AIDS dx made
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Dipoid RNA
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
15. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Enterobius
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
PHV
16. What does meningococci cause
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
production of beer and wine
complex virus example
17. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
Mycoplasma
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
M. tuberculosis
18. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Francesco Redi - experiment
Anaerobes
production of beer and wine
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
19. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
facultative
S. aureus
H. flu
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
20. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
myc/myo means
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
21. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
gram- positive stain - explanation
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
22. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Chlamydia trachomatis
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
23. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Endosymbiotic Theory
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
24. What organisms stain with PAS
25. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Oral and esophageal thrush
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
replication for eukaryotes
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
26. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Histoplasmosis
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Borrelia recurrentis
Virbrio cholera
27. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
protozoan infections (5)
C. perfringens
100 micrometers
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
28. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Yersinia pestis
Severe pneumonia
M. tuberculosis
Sterility
29. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
S. aureus
capsid - definition
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Mycobacterium
30. What does rhinovirus do
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Common cold
31. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
replication for prokaryotes
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
32. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
E. Coli
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
33. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Actic polymerization
Actinomyces and nocardia
Elementary body
34. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
histoplasmosis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Killed viral vaccine
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
35. 1 - 10 micrometers
Between 2 and 18 months
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
prokaryotes
36. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
double- stranded RNA
Sexual activity - but not an STI
actinomycetes (3) - description
Clonorchis sinensis
37. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
endospores are formed via
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Klebsiella
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
38. What virus is in the deltavirus family
Croup - seal like barking cough
HDV
endospores are resistant to (4)
Mycoplasma - have sterols
39. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
Children
Killed/inactivated
Rubella german measles
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
40. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
10 to 12
gram- positive stain - explanation
Anti - HBsAb
41. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
three domains of microorganisms
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
E. coli - proteus
42. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Bat - racoon - skunk
Acute/recent infection
arrangements of bacteria
Azithromycin
43. What does catalase do
Aseptic meningitis
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
44. What is in pneumovax
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
45. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
monera kingdom
candidiasis
46. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
C. perfringens
47. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
48. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
malaria symptoms
M. avium intracellulare
flagella - description
Theory of Biogenesis
49. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
10 to 12
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Chlamydia trachomatis
eukaryotes
50. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
No envelope
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
HIV - sexual
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)