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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
protozoa (3)
Klebsiella
2. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
HIV - malnutrition - death
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Nocardia asteroides
3. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
osmotic lysis
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Bacteria - STD
4. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Ingestion of preformed toxin
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
5. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
acid- fast organism - definition
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Metabolic activity without division
Negative
6. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
flagella - description
methanogens
staining of bacteria
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
7. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
CMV - RSV
lysozyme
Endosymbiotic Theory
mycolic acid - definition
8. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
lysozyme
monera kingdom
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Serratia marcescens
9. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Antigen in vaccines
10. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
specific
11. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
S - definition
Lactose fermenting enterics
Immediately upon exposure
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
12. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Sacral ganglia
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
13. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Klebsiella granulomatis
cell membrane - definition
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
14. Cyst with four nuclei
Rickettsia rickettsii
H flu type B
cytoplasm - definition
Entamoeba hisotlytica
15. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. aureus
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Common cold and SARS
Koch's Postulates 4
16. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
arrangements - staphylo
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Toxoplasmosis
Pneumocystis jerovici
17. What is a positive Monospot test
fermentation - definition
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
18. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Echinococcus granulosus
eukaryotic organelles (5)
biogenesis
Specialized transduction - an excision event
19. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
cell wall - function
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
20. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
21. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Azithromycin
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Meningococci
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
22. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
release (B)
23. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
24. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Superantigen
C. diptheriae
Pasteurella multocida
C. diff
25. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
not acid- fast - colo
methanogens
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Clindamycin or ampicillin
26. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Nocardia asteroides
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
27. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Doxycycline
Robert Koch
what envelope contains
Haematobium - bladder
28. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Immediately upon exposure
penetration (AV)
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
gram- negative stain - color
29. Some algae
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
plant kingdom
yeast
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
30. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
JC virus causing PML
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
31. What is the TX for rickettsiae
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
HEV
Doxycycline
32. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Dipoid RNA
10%; viral
33. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
chromosome - function
rough ER
Bordetella pertussis
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
34. What is HBcAg
fermentation - definition
Capsid protein
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Antigen associated with core of HBV
35. What does HBsAg indicate
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
36. Help bacteria to attach to one another
pili - function
amoebic dynsentry
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
37. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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38. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
flagella - function
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
100 micrometers
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
39. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Guillain barre
Doxycycline
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Crohns or appendicitis
40. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Elementary body
production of beer and wine
archaea domain
41. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Candida albicans
100 micrometers
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
42. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
43. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
E. Coli
coccus
44. Sporulation
endospores are formed via
single- stranded RNA
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
eukaryotic organelles - definition
45. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Clonorchis sinensis
Avain resevoir
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
chemical synthesis...
46. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
arrangements - diplo
Staph make it - strep don't
Bacterial superinfection
Haematobium - bladder
47. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
M. kansasii
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
how wine is spoiled
48. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Protozoan - STD
Actinomyces and nocardia
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
release (AV)
49. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Fungi
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
50. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
capsid is composed of...
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Clostridium tetani
Strep bovis - also group D