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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Acute/recent infection
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Group B strep
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

2. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Histoplasmosis
specific
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

3. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
Histoplasmosis
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Vulvuvaginitis
characteristics of bacteria (5)

4. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

5. How is Hfr made
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Avain resevoir
Immediately upon exposure
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

6. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission

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7. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
specialized flagella

8. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
cell membrane - definition
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

9. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
spiral - spirochete
Mice - deer

10. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
fermentation - definition
cytoplasm - definition

11. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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12. What is the nl flora in the nose
Beta hemolytic
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

13. Postviral PNA
Staph or H. flu
acid- fast - color
N. gono causing gono
Pseudomonas

14. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
HHV 6 - roseola
not acid- fast - colo

15. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Actinomyces israeli
Cryptosporidium
gram- negative stain - color
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

16. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
smooth ER
Aseptic meningitis
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

17. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
pseudopodia
Anti - HAVAb IgM

18. Pairs
C. diff
arrangements - diplo
capsid - definition
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV

19. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

20. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Rabies
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

21. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

22. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
glycocalyx - function
assembly (B)
Many treponemas
endospores are formed via

23. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Anti - HAVAb IgM
B cells
Salpingitis

24. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Yersinia enterocolitica
Borrelia recurrentis

25. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
replication (AV)
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)

26. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
hypertonic solution
Entertoxigenic E. coli

27. variola - lots of spots
Clostridium botulinum
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
plasmid - definition
dormant

28. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Sporothrix schenckii
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
S. aureus

29. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Histoplasmosis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

30. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
No - erythromycin

31. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
acid- fast - color
assembly (B)
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis

32. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Mumps virus - mumps
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
PCR/Viral load

33. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

34. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
glycocalyx - function
Borrelia recurrentis

35. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Francisella tularenis
single- stranded DNA
Streptococcus mutans

36. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Mononuclear cells
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

37. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
giardia
C. botulinum
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

38. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
JC virus causing PML

39. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Vulvuvaginitis
E. coli 0157:H7
Cyanophora paradoxa

40. bilateral bells palsy
fungi kingdom
Pseudomonas
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Borrelia burgdorferi

41. B12 def - parasite
gram- negative cell wall
structures of prokaryotic cell
ABC
Diphyllobothrium latum

42. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Nucleus - except parvovirus
five kingdoms of microorganisms

43. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Yersinia enterocolitica
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Yeast - protazoan
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

44. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
bacteria domain
Unimmunised kids
Envelope proteins
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

45. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

46. PNA in CF - burn
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Rabies
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Pseudomonas

47. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Lymph nodes
Doxycycline
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
adsorption (AV)

48. burns or air
Pseudomonas
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

49. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
When nutriets are limited
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Cigar shaped yeast

50. PNA in elderly
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Only humoral - stable
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR