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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
malaria prevention
2. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
3. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
S. aureus
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
4. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
Candida and aspergillus
capsid is composed of...
smooth ER
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
5. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Nematode in undercooked meat
Elementary body
6. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Yes
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
7. What can PID cause
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
M. tuberculosis
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
8. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Pen
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Salmonella typhi
commercial applications
9. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Louis Pasteur
Yersinia pestis
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
10. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
10 to 12
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
11. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Reassortment
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
12. 37 celsius
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
13. Dimorphic/biphasic
what many pathogenic fungi are
Azithromycin
golgi complex - function
Serratia marcescens
14. Spiral
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Type B protease IgA
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
spiral - spirillum
15. Chemical synthesis and food industry
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
histoplasmosis
S. aureus
commercial applications
16. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
lysozyme
17. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
yeast
Toxoplasmosis
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Clostridium tetani
18. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
fungal infection examples (3)
archaea domain
19. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
Mononuclear cells
Staph make it - strep don't
cytoplasm - definition
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
20. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
100 micrometers
Francesco Redi - experiment
21. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
S. aureus
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
22. What does coxaskcievirus do
cytoplasm - definition
Francisella tularenis
Cigar shaped yeast
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
23. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
S. aureus
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
spiral - vibrio
Mycobacterium
24. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
spiral - vibrio
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
capsid is composed of...
Borrelia burgdorferi
25. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Meningococci
Bordetella pertussis
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
26. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
pseudopodia
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
27. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Enterobacter cloacae
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Ring enhancing brain lesions
28. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
how wine is spoiled
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Parvo - single stranded
29. HaemoPhilus causes....
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
mycology
30. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Salmonella
Food - fingers - feces - flies
pasteurization
plasmid - definition
31. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
capsid is composed of...
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Koch's Postulates 4
32. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Cholesterol
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
33. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Francesco Redi - experiment
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
ABC
34. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Genetic shift - pandemic
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
35. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
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36. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
Vagina
flagella - description
L1 - L2 - L3
No cell wall
37. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
spiral - spirochete
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Meningococci
38. Rupturing of cell
Cholesterol
lysis
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Gardnerella vaginalis
39. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Trigeminal ganglia
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
molds
40. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
CMV retinitis
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Pasteurella multocida
41. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
E. Coli
arrangements - strepto...
release (AV)
42. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
C. perfringens
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Elevated CRP and ESR
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
43. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Endosymbiotic Theory
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
44. What does coronavirus do
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Common cold and SARS
Entertoxigenic E. coli
eukaryotic organelles - definition
45. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
specialized flagella
Fungi
Robert Koch
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
46. yeast infection
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Tetracycline or erythromycin
candidiasis
coccus
47. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Strep bovis - also group D
48. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
not acid- fast - colo
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Klebsiella
49. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
Robert Hooke
Staph make it - strep don't
tetanus
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
50. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
monera kingdom
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Mycobacterium
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV