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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
C. botulinum
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
L1 - L2 - L3

2. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides

3. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

4. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
uncoating (AV)
double- stranded DNA
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Reoviridae - rotavirus

5. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Meningococci
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Yeast - protazoan
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

6. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Campylobacter
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate

7. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
humans do not have
Sterility
viral shapes
characteristics of bacteria (5)

8. What is endotoxin
five fields of microbiology
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
cell wall - function
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

9. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
No cell wall
acid- fast - color
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant

10. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Robert Hooke
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
mycoplasma (5) - description
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

11. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
chlamydia
E. Coli
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

12. Study of fungi
mycology
M. pneumoniae
species
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

13. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
S. aureus
M. kansasii

14. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
halophiles
Hemagluttin
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone

15. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
importance of microorganisms
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

16. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Clostridium tetani
gram- positive cell wall
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
C. diff

17. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
lipids (fats) =
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
release (B)
Pets - treat with topical azoles

18. What does listeria infection cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Tellurite agar
bacillus
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

19. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Diphyllobothrium latum
Parvo - single stranded
archaea domain
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

20. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Only borrelia
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

21. What does coronavirus do
Tellurite agar
Fusion and entry
Strep bovis - also group D
Common cold and SARS

22. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
10%; viral
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
what many pathogenic fungi are
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

23. Paramecium
cilia
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Resistant
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

24. What are the symptoms of TB
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

25. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

26. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

27. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Bartonella henselae
basic shapes of bacteria
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

28. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Metabolic activity without division
Schistosoma haematobium

29. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Double zone of hemolysis
biogenesis
Pseudomonas

30. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Teichoic acid
Hemagluttin

31. How is legionella transmitted
smooth ER
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Aerosal - from environmental water source

32. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
Aseptic meningitis
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Enterobius
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph

33. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Tellurite agar
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
3 groups in archaea

34. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
spiral - vibrio
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
spiral - spirochete

35. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

36. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
specialized flagella
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
flagella - function

37. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Mice - deer
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
M. kansasii

38. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
ASO titer
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

39. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
endospores are formed via
Bartonella sp
Nematode in undercooked meat
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life

40. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Endosymbiotic Theory
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

41. Tissue died
basic shapes of bacteria
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
gas gangrene
Silver stain

42. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Salpingitis
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Crohns or appendicitis

43. Requires absence of oxygen
lysozyme
Klebsiella
Staph or enteric GNR
anaerobic

44. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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45. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
endocytosis...
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
virology

46. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Klebsiella granulomatis
Owl's eye inculsions

47. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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48. What does coxaskcievirus do
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Neisseria

49. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Cholesterol
Meningococci
Cell Theory
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

50. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
HAV - RNA picornavirus