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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does aspergillus cause

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2. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Spikes
protozoan infections (5)

3. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

4. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
envelope - definition
All of them
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
bacteriology

5. What is the nl flora in the nose
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
ribosomes - function
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

6. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
complex virus example
trichomoniasis symptoms
food industry
HBC - hepatitis B

7. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
S. aureus
differential staining example
Klebsiella

8. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
lysozyme

9. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Treponema
replication for prokaryotes
candidiasis
Genetic shift - pandemic

10. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
adsorption (B)
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

11. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Rubella
Protozoan - STD

12. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Resistant
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis

13. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
dormant
eukarya domain
Shigella
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

14. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Antigen associated with core of HBV

15. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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16. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Proteus mirabilis
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
dormant
helical shape - definition

17. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
HCV
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

18. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
gram stain - definition
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

19. Study of bacteria
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
bacteriology
eukaryotic organelles - definition

20. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Rubella german measles
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
endocytosis...
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

21. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
assembly (AV)
taxonomic hierarchy
Clonorchis sinensis

22. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
fermentation - definition
M. tuberculosis
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Cmv

23. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
E. coli 0157:H7
Azithromycin
humans do not have

24. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
Genetic drift - epidemic
Pneumoniae and psittaci
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Anti - HAVAb IgM

25. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
No envelope
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

26. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
chloroplasts - function
Cryptococcus neoformans
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Nocardia asteroides

27. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Candida albicans
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
3 groups in archaea

28. Multicellular and aerobic
C. diptheriae
replication for eukaryotes
fimbriae - function
molds

29. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

30. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Streptococcus mutans
Sporothrix schenckii
Viridans group streptococci
CMV

31. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
H. pylori
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Pasteurella multocida

32. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Severe pneumonia

33. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Strep pneumo and viridans
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen

34. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
HHV-6 roseola
Vagina
animal kingdom

35. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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36. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
envelope - definition
Genetic shift - pandemic
histoplasmosis

37. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Weil Felix test
five fields of microbiology
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
replication for prokaryotes

38. How is Hfr made
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis

39. Tightly coiled
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Mice - deer
spiral - spirochete
John Needham - experiment

40. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life

41. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
Borrelia recurrentis
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Rubella german measles
virology

42. What does PAS actually stain for
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Anti - HBsAb

43. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Does not ferment sorbitol
bacteriophage - definition
Salmonella
what many pathogenic fungi are

44. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
envelope is composed of...
red tide
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

45. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Paramyxovirus; measles
Gallbladder
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

46. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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47. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Echinococcus granulosus
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Toxplasmosis

48. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
tetanus
motility of bacteria

50. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
basic shapes of bacteria
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced