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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Require high salt concentrations
halophiles
lipids (fats) =
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

2. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Surfers in the tropics
Protozoan - STD
Staph or enteric GNR

3. what dpes gp120 do
Anti - HBsAb
Resistant
Attachment to host T cell
Salmonella

4. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
Nucleus - except parvovirus
D- K
spiral - spirillum
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

5. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Rabies
Shigella
Schistosoma haematobium
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

6. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
cytoplasm - definition
Rubella german measles
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

7. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
N. gono causing gono
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

8. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Dark field microscopy
Cigar shaped yeast
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
No cell wall

9. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Recombination
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox

10. What is the TX for sporthrix
what many pathogenic fungi are
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Recombination
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

11. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Common cold and SARS
Mononuclear cells
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

12. Some algae
Pasteurella multocida
Only humoral - stable
plant kingdom
gram- positive stain - color

13. What is HBeAg
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Metabolic activity without division
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)

14. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Double zone of hemolysis
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

15. yeast and mold
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Tellurite agar
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox

16. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
what many pathogenic fungi are
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
JC virus causing PML

17. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
spontaneous generation example
DNA hepadnavirus
fungi
capsid - function

18. Spiral
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
spiral - spirillum
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

19. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
trichomoniasis...
3 groups in archaea
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
cell wall - function

20. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Brucella sp
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

21. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
H. pylori
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
replication for prokaryotes
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph

22. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
Haematobium - bladder
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

23. Rupturing of cell
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
humans do not have
lysis
protozoan infections (5)

24. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Azithromycin
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
simple staining of bacteria
Elevated CRP and ESR

25. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
E. coli
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

26. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
mycoplasma (5) - description
penetration (AV)
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta

27. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
species
Teichoic acid
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
replication (AV)

28. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Protein A - S. aureus
CMV
Rifampin

29. What are VRE and What do they cause
Cell Theory
Candida albicans
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Negative

30. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
C. botulinum
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

31. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
red tide
oral yeast infections =
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella

32. What does aspergillus cause

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33. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
S. aureus
No cell wall
Sexual activity - but not an STI

34. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant

35. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Mice - deer
Klebsiella pneumo
biogenesis

36. What does norwalk virus do
Streptococcus mutans
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Viral gastroenteritis

37. Sporulation
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Genetic drift - epidemic
endospores are formed via
Borrelia burgdorferi

38. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
C. botulinum
Severe pneumonia
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR

39. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
trichomoniasis symptoms
All of them
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
flagella - description

40. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Common cold
Strep pneumo and viridans
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
penetration (AV)

41. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Yeast - protazoan
H. flu

42. Pairs
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
arrangements - diplo
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Bartonella henselae

43. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Pregnant women
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

44. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
release (B)
Immediately upon exposure

45. What bug produces a red pigment
M. tuberculosis
C. diptheriae
Serratia
anaerobic

46. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
100 micrometers
Enterobacter cloacae
malaria symptoms
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

47. dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
eukarya domain
Paramyxovirus; measles
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

48. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Gardnerella vaginalis
S. epidermidis
arrangements - staphylo
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

49. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
B cells
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
HAV - RNA picornavirus

50. What is pontiac fever
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
amoebic dynsentry
Parvo - single stranded