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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Size - cell structure - replication
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Nocardia asteroides
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

2. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Owl's eye inculsions
Antigen in urine

3. Tightly coiled
Children
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Sacral ganglia
spiral - spirochete

4. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Antigen associated with core of HBV
malaria symptoms

5. What bugs are obligate aerobes
protozoology
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Doxycycline

6. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Virbrio cholera
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

7. How is Hfr made
S. epidermidis
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

8. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Clindamycin or ampicillin
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Many treponemas

9. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
Pseudomonas
D- K
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

10. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
replication (AV)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides

11. Are there carriers for HDV
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Yes
five fields of microbiology

12. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Salmonella
Reassortment
malaria prevention
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

13. dog or cat bite
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
H flu type B
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Pasteurella multocida

14. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Anti - HBsAb
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

15. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
assembly (AV)
Syphillis - sexual contact
virology
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant

16. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Pseudomonas
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
plant kingdom

17. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Surfers in the tropics
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

18. PNA in elderly
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev

19. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
HBV
Yersinia enterocolitica

20. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
chromosome - description
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Louis Pasteur
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

21. What does gonococi cause
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Toxo crosses the placenta
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
M. pneumoniae

22. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
arrangements - diplo
E. coli - proteus
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

23. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Francisella tularenis
Pseudomonas
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Campylocobacter jejuni

24. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Type B protease IgA
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Vulvuvaginitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec

25. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Group B strep - E. coli
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe

26. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
differential staining example
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

27. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Neuraminidase
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

28. Will show special structures
plasmolysis
special staining of bacteria
Enterobius
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis

29. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Campylobacter
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
replication (B)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

30. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Type B protease IgA
fungal infection examples (3)
single- stranded RNA
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

31. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
HIV - AIDS
HHV 6 - roseola
ASO titer
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe

32. What happens in secondary syphillis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
food industry
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

33. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
H flu type B
bacteriophage - definition
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

34. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)

35. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Surfers in the tropics
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Transformation or competence
Staph make it - strep don't

36. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

37. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
HHV-8 - KS
characteristics of bacteria (5)
trichomoniasis...
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

38. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
trichomoniasis...
ribosomes - function
Pen
Doxycycline

39. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Klebsiella
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

40. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Beta hemolytic
Mononuclear cells
Virbrio cholera
aerobic

41. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Genetic shift - pandemic
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
algae characteristics (3)
infection process of bacteriophage (5)

42. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Bartonella sp
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
S - definition
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

43. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Salmonella typhi
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

44. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Lactose fermenting enterics
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Streptococcus mutans

45. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Immediately upon exposure
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Negative

46. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
No envelope
IVDU
Only humoral - stable

47. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
hypotonic solution
bacteriology
Neuraminidase
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

48. How is legionella detected clinically
Common cold
acid- fast - color
Antigen in urine
E. coli 0157:H7

49. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
M. tuberculosis
Unimmunised kids
Acute/recent infection
Entamoeba hisotlytica

50. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Koch's Postulates 4
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Immediately upon exposure
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis