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Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Postviral PNA
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Staph or H. flu
Palivizumab
Cholesterol
2. How does urinary tract infection present
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Heat labile toxin
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
3. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Proteus mirabilis
No cell wall
Genetic drift - epidemic
4. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Sterility
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
5. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Pseudomonas
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Mumps virus - mumps
6. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
specialized flagella
red tide
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Clonorchis sinensis
7. Spherical
Weil Felix test
Shigella
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
coccus
8. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Dipicolinic acid
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
9. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
10. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission
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11. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
12. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
ribosomes - function
13. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
smooth ER
Measles rubeola - measles
Serratia marcescens
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
14. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Killed/inactivated
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Transformation or competence
15. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Anaerobes
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
16. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Yersinia pestis
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
17. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Schistosoma mansori
structures of prokaryotic cell
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
18. Allgin and carrageenan
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Streptococcus mutans
food thickeners
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
19. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
lipids (fats) =
viral shapes
Pneumocystis jerovici
20. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Double zone of hemolysis
B. cereus
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Negative
21. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
3 groups in archaea
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
eukaryotic organelles (5)
22. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
release (B)
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
genus
ABC
23. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Cigar shaped yeast
Rubella german measles
24. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Dark field microscopy
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
gram- negative stain - color
25. Which are the herpesviruses
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Yeast - protazoan
26. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
single- stranded DNA
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
27. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
28. What are the symptoms of TB
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Specialized transduction - an excision event
29. Which are the enteroviruses
Group B strep
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
30. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
PHV
Actinomyces isreallii
Measles rubeola - measles
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
31. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
M. avium intracellulare
Koch's Postulates 4
32. What does rhinovirus do
Common cold
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
33. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Azithromycin
malaria
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
34. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Treponema
aerobic
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Chronic disease - positive during window period
35. What does aspergillus cause
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36. How does TSST work
Measles rubeola - measles
No envelope
Severe bacteremia - death
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
37. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Entamoeba histolytica
Salpingitis
protista kingdom
Syphillis - sexual contact
38. What are the symptoms of mumps
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
39. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
C. diptheriae
40. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Negative
Palivizumab
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
cytoplasm - definition
41. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
trichomoniasis...
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
42. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Neuraminidase
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
43. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Mycobacterium
icosahedron
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
44. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
E. coli 0157:H7
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Cholesterol
45. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
production of beer and wine
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
46. How is legionella transmitted
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Cell Theory
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Entamoeba histolytica
47. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
commercial applications
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
actinomycetes (3) - description
48. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Anti - HBsAb
production of beer and wine
L1 - L2 - L3
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
49. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Rubella - respiratory droplets
All of them
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Pseudomonas
50. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
S - definition
Owl's eye inculsions
Gonococci
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