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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Nucleus - except parvovirus
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Nocardia asteroides
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

2. What is legionnaires disease
Legionella
Only borrelia
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Severe pneumonia

3. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Klebsiella granulomatis
microaerophilic
taxonomic hierarchy
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

4. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
bacteria domain
JC virus causing PML
Lepromatous

5. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

6. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
3 groups in archaea
Group B strep
chloroplasts - function

7. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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8. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
HCV
M. avium intracellulare
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

9. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
mycoplasma (5) - description
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

10. May carry genes for antibiotic resistance - toxin production - synthesis of enzymes
S. aureus
gram- positive stain - color
Coagulation cascade - DIC
plasmid - function

11. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Protein A - S. aureus
Histoplasmosis
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

12. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces isreallii
lipids (fats) =
Bacillus anthracis
assembly (B)

13. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
pseudopodia
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

14. Allgin and carrageenan
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
assembly (AV)
food thickeners
bacteriology

15. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Motility - protein
eukarya domain
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Gambiense - rhodesiense

16. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
single- stranded RNA
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
IgG Anti - HBcAg

17. What does parainfluenza cause
Strep bovis - also group D
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Croup - seal like barking cough
Klebsiella pneumo

18. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
arrangements - diplo
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

19. What is endotoxin
malaria prevention
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
myc/myo means
E. coli - proteus

20. What are VRE and What do they cause
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

21. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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22. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
animal kingdom
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
C. botulinum
Shigella

23. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Pasteurella multocida
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Azithromycin
Mycobacterium

24. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

25. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
HCV

26. Pink
acid- fast - color
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts

27. What are the symptoms of diptheria
S. aureus
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Clonorchis sinensis

28. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Croup - seal like barking cough
Gallbladder
Envelope proteins

29. fungal infection in diabetic
Acute/recent infection
Mucor or rhizopus
M. tuberculosis
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

30. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
Enterobius
necrosis
Nocardia asteroides

31. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
five kingdoms of microorganisms
spontaneous generation example

32. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
mycolic acid - definition
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Serratia marcescens

33. What acid is in the spore core
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Dipicolinic acid
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

34. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Cmv
VZV - chickenpox

35. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Pseudomonas
spiral - spirillum

36. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Rapid cell division
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Cyanophora paradoxa

37. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Coagulation cascade - DIC

38. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
IVDU
Salmonella
Reassortment

39. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
malaria prevention
three domains of microorganisms
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid

40. What animals carry rabies virus
Koch's Postulates 2
Bat - racoon - skunk
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

41. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Metronidazole
Lymph nodes
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

42. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
rough ER
Shigella
histoplasmosis

43. What does norwalk virus do
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Viral gastroenteritis
methanogens
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis

44. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Neuraminidase
Diphyllobothrium latum
E. coli
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

45. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Ingestion of preformed toxin
trichomoniasis symptoms
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
spiral - vibrio

46. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
S. epidermidis
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

47. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
specific

48. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Nocardia asteroides
viral shapes
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)

49. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus

50. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
Rubella
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

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