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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Shigella
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
chlamydia
Meningococci

2. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Pneumocystis jerovici
pasteurization
Mice - deer
Clindamycin or ampicillin

3. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
biogenesis
Parvo - single stranded
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Mice - deer

4. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

5. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
protozoa (3)
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
capsid is composed of...
Mice - deer

6. What does parainfluenza cause
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Croup - seal like barking cough

7. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
giardia
Azithromycin
CMV retinitis
lysozyme

8. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Robert Hooke
virology
gram- negative stain - color

9. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Borrelia recurrentis
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

10. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Prompt oral rehydration
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Yeast - protazoan

11. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Mice - deer
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
double- stranded DNA

12. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
Rickettsia rickettsii
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
humans do not have
Tellurite agar

13. roseola - lots of spots
Elementary body
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Enterobacter cloacae
Parvoviridae

14. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Salmonella typhi
Brucella sp

15. What are the 3 C's for measles
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
fungi kingdom
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

16. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Pneumocystis jerovici
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide

17. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Genetic drift - epidemic
HAV - RNA picornavirus

18. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Aerosal - from environmental water source
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
trichomoniasis...
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

19. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
biogenesis
Tetracycline or erythromycin
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes

20. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Prompt oral rehydration
Mucor or rhizopus

21. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
malaria
Bordetella pertussis
PHV
Paramyxovirus; measles

22. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Klebsiella granulomatis
Dipoid RNA

23. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Meningococci
double- stranded DNA
Campylocobacter jejuni
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised

24. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Neisseria
Klebsiella

25. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Mycoplasma
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Fusion and entry

26. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
golgi complex - function
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

27. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
HHV-6 roseola
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
nucleic acid

28. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
gram- positive stain - color
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin

29. Describe the rabies virus
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
HHV-6 roseola
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits

30. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
gram- negative cell wall
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
trichomoniasis symptoms
Yes

31. Where do DNA viruses replicate
differential staining example
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Clostridium perfringens

32. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
three domains of microorganisms

33. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

34. What feature is unique to shigella
Between 2 and 18 months
EBV
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms

35. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

36. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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37. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Legionella
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
bacteriology
candidiasis

38. Chemical synthesis and food industry
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
commercial applications
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture

39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Bacillus anthracis
Salmonella typhi
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer

40. What are PE signs of PID
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
replication for eukaryotes
C. botulinum

41. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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42. What is HBcAg
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
microbiology
Antigen associated with core of HBV

43. What does aspergillus cause

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44. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Nematode in undercooked meat
Aseptic meningitis

45. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
chloroplasts - function
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Bartonella henselae
Candida albicans

46. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
how wine is spoiled

47. PNA in elderly
viral shapes
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV

48. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Paragonimus westermani
commercial applications
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

49. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
facultative
chemical synthesis...
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
pili - function

50. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
actinomycetes (3) - description
Genetic shift - pandemic
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli