SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Weil Felix test
Proteus mirabilis
Does not ferment sorbitol
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
2. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
3. roseola - lots of spots
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
4. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
S. aureus
flaccid paralysis
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Yersinia enterocolitica
5. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Starts quickly and ends quickly
osmotic lysis
food industry
6. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Mycoplasma
fimbriae - function
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Bartonella henselae
7. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
gram- positive cell wall
spiral
E. coli 0157:H7
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
8. What are the killed viral vaccines
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
9. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Rabies
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
10. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Bacteria - STD
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Louis Pasteur
11. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
archaea domain
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
bacteriophage - definition
12. portal HTN - parasite
Paramyxovirus; measles
Envelope proteins
Schistosoma mansori
No - erythromycin
13. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Cyanophora paradoxa
assembly (AV)
food thickeners
14. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Croup - seal like barking cough
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Doxycycline
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
15. Thrush
oral yeast infections =
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
M. kansasii
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
16. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
17. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Robert Hooke
Actinomyces
Measles rubeola - measles
protozoan infections (5)
18. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Killed viral vaccine
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Serratia marcescens
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
19. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
hypotonic solution
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
20. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Actinomyces isreallii
flagella - function
21. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
double- stranded DNA
Croup - seal like barking cough
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
22. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Killed/inactivated
helical shape - definition
23. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
N. gono causing gono
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Paracoccidioidomycosis
24. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
All of them
Group B strep - E. coli
adsorption (B)
25. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
HIV - AIDS
Negative
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
26. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Nematode in undercooked meat
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Envelope proteins
27. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Croup - seal like barking cough
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
28. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Mycoplasma
Entamoeba histolytica
adsorption (B)
29. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
release (AV)
Actinomyces isreallii
giardia
Lactose fermenting enterics
30. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
red algae make
specialized flagella
S. aureus
Protozoan - STD
31. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Sacral ganglia
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
single- stranded DNA
bacteriophage - definition
32. 70S = 30S + 50S
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
flagella - function
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
33. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
cilia
peptidoglycan - definition
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Type B protease IgA
34. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Pasteurella multocida
Dipicolinic acid
Attachment to host T cell
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
35. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Campylocobacter jejuni
Neisseria
Group B strep
36. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
Rickettsia rickettsii
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Spikes
37. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
cell membrane - definition
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
C. botulinum
38. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Robert Koch
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
39. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
replication for eukaryotes
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
40. What does M protein do - who has it
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Serratia
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
41. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Theory of Biogenesis
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
42. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Klebsiella pneumo
plasmid - definition
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
43. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Pneumoniae and psittaci
methanogens
Pasteurella multocida
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
44. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Many treponemas
how do viruses take over a host cell?
10 to 12
Pseudomonas
45. Related to a fungus
Streptococcus mutans
Measles rubeola - measles
myc/myo means
Enterobacter cloacae
46. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
47. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
10%; viral
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
48. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
D- K
many humans would test antibody positive for this
49. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Common cold
osmotic lysis
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
50. What are PE signs of PID
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
protista kingdom
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin