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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What organisms are encapsulated
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Staph or H. flu
Yersinia enterocolitica
2. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
pseudopodia
Resistant
S. aureus
PCR/Viral load
3. What are agryll roberston pupils
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Staph saprophyticus
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
4. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Azithromycin
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
5. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
6. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
Paragonimus westermani
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
7. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
gram stain - definition
EBV
chloroplasts - function
VZV - chickenpox
8. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Gambiense - rhodesiense
flagella - function
9. Chains
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Mycobacterium
arrangements - strepto...
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
10. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
biogenesis
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Yes
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
11. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
trichomoniasis...
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Specialized transduction - an excision event
bacteria domain
12. Name the live attenuated vaccines
13. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
3 groups in archaea
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
14. Pink
replication for eukaryotes
Viridans group streptococci
acid- fast - color
botulism
15. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
specific
Viridans group streptococci
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
16. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
fimbriae - function
Transformation or competence
cell wall - function
release (AV)
17. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
HHV 6 - roseola
S. aureus
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
18. What is the TX for chlamydia
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Azithromycin
Strep pneumo and viridans
oral yeast infections =
19. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Parvoviridae
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
methanogens
20. Study of algae
Ingestion of preformed toxin
algology
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Sexual activity - but not an STI
21. Simple - special - and differential
John Needham
staining of bacteria
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Beta hemolytic
22. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Mucor or rhizopus
release (AV)
23. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Pseudomonas
penetration (AV)
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
gram- positive cell wall
24. Prokaryotes
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
bacteria domain
ribosomes - function
M. pneumoniae
25. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Anti - HAVAb IgM
CMV retinitis
Pen
Fungi
26. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
HIV - sexual
IgG Anti - HBcAg
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
27. roseola - lots of spots
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Mumps virus - mumps
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
28. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Influenza virus
29. What kind of genome does HIV have
Vulvuvaginitis
Dipoid RNA
icosahedron
Pasteurella multocida
30. How is Hfr made
Gallbladder
cell membrane - function
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
31. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Echinococcus granulosus
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Meningococci
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
32. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Gallbladder
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
cell wall - function
33. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Serratia marcescens
Heat labile toxin
34. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
C. botulinum
Clostridium tetani
35. What is HBeAg
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Gonococci
Only borrelia
Staph or H. flu
36. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
DNA hepadnavirus
pili - function
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
37. What is endotoxin
humans do not have
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Bacterial superinfection
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
38. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Strep pneumo and viridans
39. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
they are eukaryotes
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
40. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
red tide
41. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
10 to 12
Histoplasmosis
how many degrees celsius for mold?
42. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Klebsiella pneumo
43. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
IgG Anti - HBcAg
replication (B)
44. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
45. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
food thickeners
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Actinomyces isreallii
46. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
genus
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
47. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
fungi
animal kingdom
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
48. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
endospores are resistant to (4)
49. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
bacteriophage - definition
50. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Croup - seal like barking cough
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Staph or enteric GNR
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability