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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study of fungi
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
mycology
adsorption (AV)
2. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
double- stranded DNA
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
glycocalyx - function
3. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Strep bovis - also group D
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
4. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
capsid is composed of...
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
5. What does aspergillus cause
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6. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
flagella - function
osmotic lysis
Dipicolinic acid
icosahedron
7. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
facultative
8. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
CMV - RSV
gas gangrene
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Cmv
9. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
specialized flagella
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
10. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Group B strep
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
11. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Killed/inactivated
gas gangrene
Antigen in vaccines
12. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
red algae make
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Prompt oral rehydration
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
13. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Chlamydia trachomatis
Reoviridae - rotavirus
14. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Lazzaro Spallanzani
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
15. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
protozoa (3)
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
16. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
John Needham - experiment
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
17. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Toxoplasmosis
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Clostridium perfringens
18. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
gram- positive cell wall
19. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
adsorption (AV)
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Pneumocystis jerovici
20. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Strep bovis - also group D
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Attachment to host T cell
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
21. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
nucleic acid
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Coagulation cascade - DIC
22. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
specialized flagella
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Genetic drift - epidemic
23. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
bacteriology
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
<30 - military - prisons
bacillus
24. What does coronavirus do
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella granulomatis
Group B strep - E. coli
Common cold and SARS
25. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Dipoid RNA
C. perfringens
Antigen in vaccines
26. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
EBV
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Bartonella sp
27. Purple
Gonococci
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
gram- positive stain - color
28. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Streptococcus mutans
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Anti - HAVAb IgM
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
29. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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30. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
methanogens
31. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
species
rough ER
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
32. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
methanogens
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
antibiotics
33. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
E. coli
34. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Koch's Postulates 3
Mycoplasma
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
35. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
gram stain - definition
hypotonic solution
Rubella german measles
Cryptosporidium
36. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Parvoviridae
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Severe bacteremia - death
Treponema - primary syphillis
37. What are the symptoms of mumps
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Oral and esophageal thrush
Pasteurella multocida
38. What is Anti - HBeAg
S. aureus
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
what envelope contains
39. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
HBV
Mycobacterium
envelope - definition
Dipicolinic acid
40. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Louis Pasteur
41. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Clonorchis sinensis
flaccid paralysis
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Cryptosporidium
42. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Pasteurella multocida
specific
taxonomic hierarchy
43. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Salpingitis
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
structures of prokaryotic cell
44. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Klebsiella pneumo
S. aureus
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Nucleus - except parvovirus
45. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Antigen in urine
Gardnerella vaginalis
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
46. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Palivizumab
Borrelia burgdorferi
47. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Reassortment
single- stranded DNA
48. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
methanogens
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
49. 37 celsius
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
osmotic pressure
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
50. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
trichomoniasis symptoms
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe