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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Salpingitis
Strep bovis - also group D
2. Dimorphic/biphasic
what many pathogenic fungi are
Elementary body
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
spiral - spirochete
3. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
4. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
pasteurization
gram- negative cell wall
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
5. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
bacteriology
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
HHV 6 - roseola
6. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Metronidazole
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Klebsiella granulomatis
Only borrelia
7. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Campylocobacter jejuni
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Clostridium perfringens
8. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
acid- fast - color
Food - fingers - feces - flies
All of them
9. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Pen
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
golgi complex - function
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
10. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1 - L2 - L3
mycology
HEV
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
11. Some algae
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
gas gangrene
plant kingdom
Actinomyces
12. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Oral and esophageal thrush
cell wall - function
13. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Gardnerella vaginalis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
S. aureus
14. What does aspergillus cause
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15. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
C. perfringens
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
16. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
CMV retinitis
oxygen requirements of bacteria
17. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
No envelope
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
18. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
plasmolysis
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
mitochondria - function
19. pediatric infxn
H flu
All of them
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Brucella sp
20. Help bacteria to attach to one another
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
pili - function
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
21. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
22. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host
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23. PNA in immunCised
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
flagella - function
24. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
food thickeners
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
25. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
basic shapes of bacteria
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Doxycycline
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
26. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Antigen associated with core of HBV
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Clostridia
27. Study of protozoans
protozoology
Clostridia
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
28. What is the H flu vaccine
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
VZV - chickenpox
capsid is composed of...
arrangements - strepto...
29. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Acid fast organisms
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
30. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
10 to 12
31. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Doxycycline
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
32. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Coagulation cascade - DIC
HHV-8 - KS
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Transformation or competence
33. PNA in CF - burn
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Pseudomonas
34. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
E. coli
Salmonella
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
35. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Metronidazole
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Palivizumab
red tide
36. How are rickettsiae transmitted
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
10%; viral
All except coxiella are via arthropod
No - erythromycin
37. What kind of virus and family are HBV
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
DNA hepadnavirus
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
38. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Treponema - primary syphillis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
39. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
pasteurization
plasmolysis
No cell wall
40. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Avain resevoir
Spikes
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
protozoa (3)
41. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Crohns or appendicitis
Bacillus anthracis
42. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
43. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
food thickeners
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
replication for eukaryotes
Treponema - primary syphillis
44. What kind of genome does HIV have
protista kingdom
Dipoid RNA
Ancylostoma - necator
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
45. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Entamoeba histolytica
HIV - sexual
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
46. currant jelly sputum
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Klebsiella
Legionella
Bacteria - STD
47. What does PAS actually stain for
virus example
Mononuclear cells
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
3 groups in archaea
48. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
envelope is composed of...
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
49. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Actinomyces isreallii
M. kansasii
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
50. In who does HEV have high mortality
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Pregnant women
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1