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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When is H flu vaccine give
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
nucleic acid
Between 2 and 18 months
Metronidazole
2. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
flaccid paralysis
C. diptheriae
Doxycycline
3. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
archaea domain
Lazzaro Spallanzani
ribosomes - function
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
4. Name the live attenuated vaccines
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5. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
Koch's Postulates 4
spiral - spirillum
glycocalyx - description
6. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Candida albicans
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
B cells
7. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
amoebic dynsentry
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
simple staining of bacteria
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
8. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Toxoid vaccine
Nocardia asteroides
ASO titer
9. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Owl's eye inculsions
amoebic dynsentry
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
nucleus
10. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Lazzaro Spallanzani
EBV
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
11. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
glycocalyx - function
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
12. What happens in secondary syphillis
necrosis
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
13. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
icosahedron
Tellurite agar
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
mycoplasma (5) - description
14. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
helical shape - definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
15. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
replication (B)
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
16. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Treponema
Cryptococcus neoformans
N. gono causing gono
17. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
EBV
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Salpingitis
18. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Theory of Biogenesis
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
osmotic pressure
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
19. B12 def - parasite
Negative
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Diphyllobothrium latum
20. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
21. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Transformation or competence
specific
22. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Sexual activity - but not an STI
cell membrane - function
Coagulation cascade - DIC
23. How is legionella detected clinically
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Antigen in urine
cell wall - function
24. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
basic shapes of bacteria
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
25. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
myc/myo means
<30 - military - prisons
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
anaerobic
26. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
medical important mycobacteria
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Nematode in undercooked meat
S - definition
27. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Genetic shift - pandemic
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
28. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Only borrelia
29. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Paracoccidioidomycosis
30. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV
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31. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
32. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
33. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
S. aureus
C. perfringens
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
34. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
infection process of animal viruses (6)
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Superantigen
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
35. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Group B strep
36. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Mycoplasma
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Enteroinvasive E. coli
37. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
differential staining of bacteria
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Campylobacter
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
38. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Nematode in undercooked meat
lipids (fats) =
mitochondria - function
yeast
39. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Borrelia recurrentis
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
ribosomes - function
Measles rubeola - measles
40. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Gambiense - rhodesiense
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
41. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
single- stranded DNA
Staph make it - strep don't
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
42. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Viral gastroenteritis
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
spiral - spirillum
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
43. When is the AIDS dx made
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
HHV-8 - KS
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Coagulation cascade - DIC
44. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
HCV
HHV-8 - KS
Gambiense - rhodesiense
45. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
endospores are resistant to (4)
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
46. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Actic polymerization
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
47. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Attachment to host T cell
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
acid- fast organism - definition
3 groups in archaea
48. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Candida and aspergillus
taxonomic hierarchy
Paramyxovirus; measles
M. tuberculosis
49. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
ribosomes - function
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
50. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
gram- positive cell wall
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
acid- fast - color
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