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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 37 celsius
Sterility
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
chromosome - description
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

2. What are prion disease caused by
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
gram- negative stain - explanation
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Attachment to host T cell

3. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Hemagluttin
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Klebsiella pneumo

4. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
archaea domain
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

5. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Rabies

6. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
yeast
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

7. How is Hfr made
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Actinomyces israeli
arrangements - strepto...

8. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
E. coli
Measles rubeola - measles

9. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
flaccid paralysis
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures

10. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
virus example
Treponema
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

11. Study of protozoans
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
endocytosis...
protozoology
replication for prokaryotes

12. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
PCR/Viral load
Teichoic acid
lysozyme

13. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission

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14. No metabolic activity
dormant
Rubella
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

15. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Mycoplasma - have sterols
actinomycetes (3) - description
Measles rubeola - measles
golgi complex - function

16. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
chloroplasts - function
cytoplasm - definition
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

17. Pink
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
CMV
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
acid- fast - color

18. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
production of beer and wine
coccus
Rubella german measles
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

19. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
taxonomic hierarchy
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Actinomyces israeli
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

20. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Candida
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Rubella - respiratory droplets
M. kansasii

21. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
S. aureus
ASO titer
Legionella
Fusion and entry

22. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Legionella
HBV from needle stick

23. What is HBcAg
Measles rubeola - measles
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Antigen associated with core of HBV
100 micrometers

24. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
cell membrane - definition
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

25. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
differential staining example
spontaneous generation example
M. tuberculosis

26. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Many treponemas
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Metabolic activity without division
necrosis

27. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
algology
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

28. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
gram stain - definition
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
B. cereus
Sacral ganglia

29. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Type B protease IgA
Genetic drift - epidemic
Meningococci
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec

30. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Clostridium perfringens
assembly (B)
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

31. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
golgi complex - function
IVDU
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Negative

32. pediatric infxn
10 to 12
E. coli - proteus
H flu
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

33. Minor changes based on random mutation
All of them
Genetic drift - epidemic
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

34. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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35. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool

36. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
three domains of microorganisms
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain

37. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
specialized flagella
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Cryptosporidium

38. What does salmonella typhi cause
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe

39. What are the three forms of prion diesase
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Vulvuvaginitis
smooth ER
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

40. yeast and mold
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
helical shape - definition
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver

41. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
cell membrane - function
eukarya domain
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

42. Provides structure
viruses
Mycobacterium
cell wall - function
chromosomes in nucleus are...

43. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
spiral - vibrio
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
M. pneumoniae

44. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
viral shapes
Vulvuvaginitis
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

45. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
protozoology
nucleus
Sterility
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

46. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
single- stranded RNA
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI

47. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Sporothrix schenckii
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
coccus

48. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Clostridia
Cryptosporidium
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

49. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
interferon
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Recombination
EBV

50. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
bacteriophage - definition
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines