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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Purple
Resistant
gram- positive stain - color
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

2. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Hemagluttin
differential staining example
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)

3. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Metabolic activity without division
Mycobacterium
Parvoviridae

4. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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5. What are the viral causes of meningitis
H flu
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
pseudopodia
ASO titer

6. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
pili - function
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture

7. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
pili - function
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
E. coli 0157:H7
chloroplasts - function

8. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
<30 - military - prisons
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI

9. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
No cell wall
penetration (AV)
hypertonic solution
Klebsiella pneumo

10. Virus that infects bacteria
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
bacteriophage - definition
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole

11. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid

12. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Rickettsia rickettsii
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

13. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
dormant
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Salmonella
capsid - definition

14. Which are the naked viruses
DNA hepadnavirus
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Bat - racoon - skunk
Beta hemolytic

15. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Toxoplasmosis
Actinomyces israeli
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

16. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Anti - HAVAb IgM
smooth ER
Sacral ganglia
Gardnerella vaginalis

17. fungal infection in diabetic
Robert Hooke
Mucor or rhizopus
H flu type B
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

18. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
trichomoniasis...
Pets - treat with topical azoles
osmotic pressure
double- stranded RNA

19. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
flagella
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Avain resevoir

20. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Metronidazole
M. avium intracellulare
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Vulvuvaginitis

21. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Pregnant women
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Sexual activity - but not an STI

22. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

23. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton

24. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Klebsiella
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Anti - HBsAb

25. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Streptococcus mutans
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants

26. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Francisella tularenis
C. diff
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
necrosis

27. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Staph or enteric GNR
Elevated CRP and ESR
Bacillus anthracis
Mycobacterium

28. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
differential staining of bacteria

29. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
replication for prokaryotes

30. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
endospores
chloroplasts - function
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8

31. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Metronidazole
medical important mycobacteria
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

32. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Measles rubeola - measles
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

33. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
CMV

34. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Viral gastroenteritis
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Borrelia burgdorferi
Actinomyces israeli

35. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
penetration (B)
yeast
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Bacterial superinfection

36. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
differential staining example
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Rabies

37. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
capsid - function
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

38. What does papillomovirus cause
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Mucor or rhizopus
adsorption (AV)

39. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Robert Hooke
10%; viral
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec

40. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
Only humoral - stable
eukaryotic organelles - definition
release (B)
Protozoan - STD

41. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
protista kingdom
Serratia marcescens
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

42. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
Enteroinvasive E. coli
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

43. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
H. flu
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
acid- fast - color

44. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
10 to 12
No cell wall

45. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Treponema - primary syphillis
spontaneous generation example
icosahedron
monera kingdom

46. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
10 to 12
Doxycycline
HAV - RNA picornavirus

47. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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48. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
helical shape - definition
how many degrees celsius for mold?
nucleus
B cells

49. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Gardnerella vaginalis

50. Allgin and carrageenan
food thickeners
giardia
Klebsiella granulomatis
JC virus causing PML