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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
C. perfringens
Cmv
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
2. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Pneumocystis jerovici
Cyanophora paradoxa
3. What are VRE and What do they cause
simple staining of bacteria
Weil Felix test
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
4. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
S. epidermidis
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
5. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
ASO titer
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
6. fungal infection in diabetic
Lymph nodes
gas gangrene
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Mucor or rhizopus
7. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
animal kingdom
60%; viruses
8 - orthomyoxovirus
8. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
S. epidermidis
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
9. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
C. botulinum
not acid- fast - colo
10. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
production of beer and wine
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
11. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Salmonella
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
12. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Rubella german measles
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
peptidoglycan - definition
Yersinia pestis
13. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Mycobacterium
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
14. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
JC virus causing PML
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Gambiense - rhodesiense
15. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Meningococci
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
16. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
17. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Toxoplasmosis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
18. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
bacillus
Haematobium - bladder
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
19. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
characteristics of bacteria (5)
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Nocardia asteroides
20. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Transformation or competence
21. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Candida
Oral and esophageal thrush
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
22. Spherical
S. epidermidis
coccus
B. cereus
Louis Pasteur - experiment
23. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Measles
coccus
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
24. Binary fission + cytokinesis
replication for prokaryotes
ribosomes - function
Meningococci
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
25. What does polyomavirus cause
M. pneumoniae
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
26. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Rubella - respiratory droplets
lysis
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
27. What bug produces a yellow pigment
S. aureus
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
28. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Owl's eye inculsions
cell membrane - function
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
29. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Only humoral - stable
M. pneumoniae
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
30. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Paramyxovirus; measles
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
bacillus
31. How does urinary tract infection present
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Surfers in the tropics
Owl's eye inculsions
32. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Robert Koch
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Does not ferment sorbitol
C. diptheriae
33. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Pneumocystis jerovici
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
34. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Doxycycline
Actinomyces israeli
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
35. What does norwalk virus do
Viral gastroenteritis
ribosomes - function
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
36. Study of bacteria
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
bacteriology
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
37. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
38. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Francesco Redi - experiment
flagella
pili - function
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
39. What does coronavirus do
Bartonella sp
specific
S. aureus
Common cold and SARS
40. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
methanogens
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Vulvuvaginitis
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
41. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
gram stain - definition
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Klebsiella pneumo
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
42. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
H flu type B
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
43. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
smooth ER
44. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission
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45. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
archaea domain
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Pseudomonas
cell membrane - definition
46. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
CMV
they are eukaryotes
taxonomic hierarchy
47. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
No - erythromycin
Toxoplasmosis
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Yersinia enterocolitica
48. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Negative
C. perfringens
Azithromycin
M. pneumoniae
49. Related to a fungus
Genetic shift - pandemic
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
myc/myo means
50. What does echovirus do
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
lysozyme
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Aseptic meningitis