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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the gram pos bacilli
Owl's eye inculsions
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
2. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
tetanus
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
3. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
4. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
trichomoniasis...
biogenesis
5. What does poxvirus cause
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6. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Killed viral vaccine
7. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
8. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Meningococci
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
9. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
interferon
Robert Koch
penetration (AV)
10. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Recombination
Entamoeba histolytica
Capsid protein
11. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Meningococci
eukaryotic organelles (5)
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
12. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Actinomyces
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Rapid cell division
13. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Rubella german measles
Strep pneumo and viridans
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
14. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Paragonimus westermani
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
flagella - description
15. meningitis in >60
germination
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Cmv
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
16. Are there carriers for HDV
taxonomic hierarchy
Yes
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
icosahedron
17. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Chlamydia trachomatis
monera kingdom
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
18. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
polyhedral shape - defintion
Bacteria - STD
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
motility of bacteria
19. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
actinomycetes (3) - description
Surfers in the tropics
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Lactose fermenting enterics
20. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Severe pneumonia
Legionella
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Vulvuvaginitis
21. Requires presence of oxygen
aerobic
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
22. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
23. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
24. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Staph make it - strep don't
microbiology
anaerobic
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
25. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Pasteurella multocida
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
26. Study of algae
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
algology
Clostridium tetani
Mycobacterium
27. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Actinomyces isreallii
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
red tide
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
28. What is gardnerella associated with
Guillain barre
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
HAV - RNA picornavirus
29. Helical - polyhedral - complex
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Lymph nodes
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
viral shapes
30. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
candidiasis
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Pseudomonas
31. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
spontaneous generation example
Gardnerella vaginalis
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
32. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
smooth ER
Koch's Postulates 1
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
33. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Actinomyces israeli
Treponema
Francisella tularenis
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
34. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Echinococcus granulosus
Common cold and SARS
35. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
No cell wall
Plasmodium
36. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
CMV retinitis
Silver stain
spontaneous generation
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
37. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
No - erythromycin
Motility - protein
single- stranded DNA
Cyanophora paradoxa
38. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
how wine is spoiled
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
39. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
spiral - vibrio
S. aureus
Metronidazole
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
40. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
double- stranded DNA
assembly (AV)
Bordetella pertussis
41. Will show the difference between two things
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
differential staining of bacteria
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
42. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Pox - complex
43. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
HHV-6 roseola
10 to 12
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
44. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
bacteriology
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
45. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
icosahedron
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
46. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Metronidazole
47. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
60%; viruses
Pneumoniae and psittaci
genus
48. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Bat - racoon - skunk
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Staph or H. flu
49. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Staph make it - strep don't
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
basic shapes of bacteria
Entamoeba hisotlytica
50. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
viruses