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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
five fields of microbiology
2. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
gram- negative stain - color
gram- positive stain - color
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
3. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
4. What is in pneumovax
H flu type B
Mucor or rhizopus
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
5. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Cigar shaped yeast
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
specialized flagella
Francesco Redi
6. microcytic anemia - parasite
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Candida albicans
Vagina
Ancylostoma - necator
7. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
Staph make it - strep don't
C. botulinum
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
8. Purple
Fungi
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Legionella
gram- positive stain - color
9. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
spiral - vibrio
cilia - function
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
10. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Candida
biogenesis
11. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
12. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Oral and esophageal thrush
capsid - function
food industry
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
13. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Acute/recent infection
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
14. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
taxonomic hierarchy
Schistosoma mansori
Lower lobe
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
15. Tissue died
nucleus
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
molds
gas gangrene
16. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Pseudomonas
envelope - definition
17. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Borrelia recurrentis
actinomycetes (3) - description
Rubella - respiratory droplets
18. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Oral and esophageal thrush
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
No - erythromycin
arrangements - strepto...
19. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
acid- fast - color
Haematobium - bladder
endospores are resistant to (4)
methanogens
20. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
histoplasmosis
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
21. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Gonococci
22. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Beta hemolytic
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
23. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
spiral - spirochete
trichomoniasis...
eukaryotes
Koch's Postulates 1
24. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Does not ferment sorbitol
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
25. Paramecium
Endosymbiotic Theory
myc/myo means
cilia
Meningococci
26. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
algae characteristics (3)
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
27. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
virus example
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Spikes
28. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Clostridium botulinum
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
medical important mycobacteria
29. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
HIV - malnutrition - death
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
30. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Entamoeba histolytica
When nutriets are limited
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
31. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
Gambiense - rhodesiense
uncoating (AV)
glycocalyx - function
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
32. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Between 2 and 18 months
M. avium intracellulare
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
33. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Actinomyces
cell membrane - function
Gardnerella vaginalis
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
34. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Actinomyces israeli
Rubella german measles
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Treponema - primary syphillis
35. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Entertoxigenic E. coli
PCR/Viral load
single- stranded RNA
36. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Pneumocystis jerovici
Yersinia enterocolitica
gram- positive cell wall
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
37. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
specialized flagella
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
38. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Mycobacterium
39. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Legionella
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Bacteria - STD
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
40. Mild respiratory infection
No cell wall
double- stranded RNA
prokaryotes
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
41. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Cryptococcus neoformans
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Only humoral - stable
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
42. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
Aseptic meningitis
genus
Pseudomonas
Silver stain
43. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
endospores - definition
44. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
spiral - spirillum
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
45. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Louis Pasteur
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
methanogens
malaria prevention
46. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
HHV-8 - KS
47. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
48. What can PID cause
Guillain barre
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Viral gastroenteritis
Rifampin
49. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
how do viruses take over a host cell?
giardia
Type B protease IgA
50. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Borrelia burgdorferi
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
amoebic dynsentry
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent