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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Tightly coiled
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
spiral - spirochete
coccus
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

2. PNA in immunCised
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Cell Theory
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
viral shapes

3. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Dark field microscopy
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Klebsiella granulomatis

4. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
gram- negative stain - explanation
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

5. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Pseudomonas
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
D- K
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

6. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
PCR/Viral load
Salmonella
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

7. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Robert Koch
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

8. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Legionella
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

9. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Salmonella
osmotic lysis
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb

10. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
fungal infection examples (3)
Pseudomonas
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Clostridium tetani

11. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
candidiasis
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
capsid is composed of...
Actinomyces and nocardia

12. What does norwalk virus do
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
histoplasmosis
Viral gastroenteritis
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)

13. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Owl's eye inculsions
E. Coli
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
chloroplasts - function

14. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Schistosoma mansori
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Histoplasmosis
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

15. What is the TX for h pylori
algology
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

16. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

17. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Parvo - single stranded
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
icosahedron
Diphyllobothrium latum

18. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Envelope proteins
Ring enhancing brain lesions
endospores are resistant to (4)
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

19. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Campylobacter
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

20. Unicellular and facultative
yeast
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
S. aureus
Rapid cell division

21. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

22. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Candida

23. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus

24. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Parvo - single stranded
10 to 12
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Group B strep - E. coli

25. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
Cryptosporidium
Schistosoma mansori
malaria prevention

26. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg

27. Will show the difference between two things
Toxoplasmosis
Mononuclear cells
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
differential staining of bacteria

28. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
C. perfringens
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
infection process of animal viruses (6)
single- stranded RNA

29. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
fungal infection examples (3)
C. botulinum
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
lysozyme

30. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Measles rubeola - measles
nucleic acid
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
double- stranded DNA

31. surgical wound
archaea domain
S. aureus
Attachment to host T cell
specific

32. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
cytoplasm - definition
gram stain - definition
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

33. Where does group B strep colonize
Vagina
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Pseudomonas

34. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
assembly (AV)
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Salmonella

35. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
release (B)
chloroplasts - function
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

36. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
gram- positive stain - explanation
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

37. How do bacterial capsules function
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

38. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
C. perfringens
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Group B strep
Rapid cell division

39. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Salmonella
assembly (B)
single- stranded RNA
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

40. What are the symptoms of TB
eukaryotic organelles - definition
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes

41. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Legionella
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)

42. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
HBC - hepatitis B
60%; viruses
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

43. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
production of beer and wine
mycolic acid - definition
Cigar shaped yeast
Many treponemas

44. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
not acid- fast - colo
Toxplasmosis
yeast

45. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Candida
interferon
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

46. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

47. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
microbiology
Muramic acid
Lactose fermenting enterics
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen

48. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Yersinia pestis
replication for eukaryotes
protista kingdom

49. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Francesco Redi - experiment
flagella
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

50. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Rickettsia rickettsii
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
S. aureus
amoebic dynsentry