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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Francisella tularenis
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
2. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Staph or enteric GNR
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
3. What does catalase do
spiral - spirillum
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
4. What are the killed viral vaccines
C tetani
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
molds
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
5. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Klebsiella
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Protozoan - STD
cytoplasm - definition
6. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
replication (AV)
Ingestion of preformed toxin
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
7. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Legionella
gram- positive cell wall
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
8. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Enterobius
HBC - hepatitis B
facultative
9. pos PAS stain
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10. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Clostridia
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
necrosis
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
11. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Legionella
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
12. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
adsorption (B)
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
flagella - function
13. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
C tetani
14. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
endospores - definition
replication for eukaryotes
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
15. rubeola - lots of spots
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Paramyxovirus; measles
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
16. Allgin and carrageenan
Crohns or appendicitis
food thickeners
Echinococcus granulosus
Measles
17. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Bacillus anthracis
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Superantigen
18. What feature is unique to shigella
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Motility - protein
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
19. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
capsid - function
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Cryptosporidium
E. coli - proteus
20. Mild respiratory infection
double- stranded RNA
Viridans group streptococci
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
protista kingdom
21. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Toxoid vaccine
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
22. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
John Needham
23. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
arrangements - diplo
Koch's Postulates 1
Negative
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
24. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
tetanus
spontaneous generation example
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
25. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Enterobacter cloacae
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
26. Mycotoxin
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Recombination
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Campylocobacter jejuni
27. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
release (AV)
Sporothrix schenckii
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
28. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
HBV
Killed/inactivated
penetration (B)
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
29. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
bacteria domain
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
ABC
Ingestion of preformed toxin
30. dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
malaria prevention
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Cyanophora paradoxa
31. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Between 2 and 18 months
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
32. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
33. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Candida albicans
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
anaerobic
34. Where do VZV cells remain latent
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
35. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Group B strep
Common cold and SARS
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Pets - treat with topical azoles
36. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
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37. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Francesco Redi - experiment
protozoology
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Measles
38. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
E. coli 0157:H7
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Staph or enteric GNR
39. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Candida
specialized flagella
Mumps virus - mumps
40. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
41. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
HBV
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
42. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
viruses
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
43. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
envelope is composed of...
medical important mycobacteria
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
44. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
JC virus causing PML
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Toxo crosses the placenta
Killed/inactivated
45. Sporulation
HDV
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
viral shapes
endospores are formed via
46. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
C. diptheriae
Virbrio cholera
Capsid protein
Cryptococcus neoformans
47. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
L1 - L2 - L3
not acid- fast - colo
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
48. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
C. diff
HHV-6 roseola
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
49. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
50. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Viral gastroenteritis
lipids (fats) =
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
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