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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Rapid cell division
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
2. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Group B strep - E. coli
Actinomyces israeli
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
3. HaemoPhilus causes....
Koch's Postulates 3
endospores
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
4. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
interferon
dormant
Klebsiella
5. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
protista kingdom
arrangements of bacteria
6. perianal pruritis - parasite
Clostridium tetani
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Enterobius
7. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Streptococcus mutans
Spikes
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
cytoplasm - definition
8. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
John Needham
9. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
No envelope
Francisella tularenis
Clostridium botulinum
10. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
spiral - spirochete
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
coccus
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
11. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
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12. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
peptidoglycan - definition
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
13. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Measles rubeola - measles
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
14. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Pseudomonas
M. pneumoniae
15. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Entertoxigenic E. coli
mitochondria - function
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
16. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
cell membrane - definition
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Candida albicans
Children
17. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Bordetella pertussis
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
18. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Anti - HBsAb
19. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Group B strep
malaria prevention
Cyanophora paradoxa
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
20. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Robert Koch
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
smooth ER
21. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
plasmolysis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
22. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
golgi complex - function
Immediately upon exposure
red tide
Candida albicans
23. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
24. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
microaerophilic
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
25. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
M. avium intracellulare
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Cell Theory
26. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Sacral ganglia
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
R. typhi
27. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
importance of microorganisms
gram- positive stain - explanation
28. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Gonococci
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
IVDU
29. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
golgi complex - function
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Yersinia enterocolitica
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
30. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
double- stranded DNA
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Toxoplasmosis
coccus
31. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
HIV - sexual
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
assembly (B)
Haematobium - bladder
32. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
archaea domain
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
33. What is the triad of HUS
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
motility of bacteria
34. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
Bacteria - STD
PHV
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Enteroinvasive E. coli
35. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Meningococci
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
envelope is composed of...
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
36. What can PID cause
JC virus causing PML
candidiasis
M. kansasii
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
37. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
Bacterial superinfection
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
38. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Salmonella typhi
H flu type B
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
39. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
cilia - function
Robert Koch
Theory of Biogenesis
40. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Cyanophora paradoxa
three domains of microorganisms
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
medical important mycobacteria
41. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Koch's Postulates 1
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Recombination
Parvo - single stranded
42. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Strep bovis - also group D
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
HIV - AIDS
hypertonic solution
43. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
tetanus
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Pen
44. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Actic polymerization
chlamydia
45. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
glycocalyx - function
pasteurization
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
46. Requires absence of oxygen
endospores are resistant to (4)
Mumps virus - mumps
spontaneous generation
anaerobic
47. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Candida and aspergillus
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
48. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
simple staining of bacteria
VZV - chickenpox
49. What organisms stain with PAS
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50. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
C. diff
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein