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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
CMV
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
bacillus
fimbriae - function

2. perianal pruritis - parasite
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Enterobius
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
double- stranded RNA

3. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
R. prowazekii
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes

4. What stain shows legionella
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Silver stain
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

5. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Koch's Postulates 2
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on

6. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
R. prowazekii
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Fungi

7. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
S. aureus

8. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Staph make it - strep don't
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
No - erythromycin

9. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
R. prowazekii
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Fungi

10. When is H flu vaccine give
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Between 2 and 18 months
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

11. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
C. diptheriae
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Malignant otitis externa
Aerosal - from environmental water source

12. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
60%; viruses
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
germination

13. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Louis Pasteur
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
replication (AV)

14. Which are the enteroviruses
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Pseudomonas
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes

15. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
C. perfringens
hypertonic solution
Parvo - single stranded

16. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
John Needham
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

17. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Rubella - respiratory droplets
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Vulvuvaginitis
arrangements of bacteria

18. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
E. coli
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

19. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Meningococci

20. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Dark field microscopy
HIV - sexual
Rubella german measles
Campylobacter

21. Tightly coiled
spiral - spirochete
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
S. aureus

22. HaemoPhilus causes....
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
coccus

23. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
differential staining of bacteria
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph

24. Chemical synthesis and food industry
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
HHV 6 - roseola
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
commercial applications

25. Provides structure
Francisella tularenis
cell wall - function
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

26. When do gram pos rods form spores
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
specific
When nutriets are limited
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

27. Rod- shaped
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
spontaneous generation example
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
bacillus

28. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

29. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Guillain barre
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
replication for eukaryotes

30. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Sacral ganglia
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

31. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
fermentation - definition
Viridans group streptococci
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
single- stranded RNA

32. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)

33. Problem with food preservation - canning
botulism
bacteria domain
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton

34. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
bacteria domain
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

35. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
C. perfringens
chlamydia
Francesco Redi - experiment
Lower lobe

36. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
virus example
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)

37. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Bartonella sp
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Rapid cell division
endocytosis...

38. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
HEV
M. avium intracellulare

39. Which males have UTIs
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Heat labile toxin
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

40. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

41. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
John Needham - experiment
fungi kingdom
Bordetella pertussis

42. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
S. aureus
helical shape - definition
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

43. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Syphillis - sexual contact
Oral and esophageal thrush
monera kingdom
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

44. yeast infection
Common cold
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
candidiasis

45. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
HHV-8 - KS

46. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Borrelia recurrentis
genus
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

47. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
mycoplasma (5) - description
Gallbladder

48. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
pili - function
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Pen

49. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Serratia
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

50. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+