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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
flagella - description
2. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
complex virus example
3. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
4. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
acid- fast organism - definition
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
5. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
6. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
myc/myo means
CMV - RSV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
7. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Syphillis - sexual contact
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
8. What is Anti - HBeAg
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
9. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
bacteriophage - definition
Unimmunised kids
10. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Actinomyces and nocardia
Lazzaro Spallanzani
11. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
animal kingdom
algae characteristics (3)
12. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Candida albicans
Syphillis - sexual contact
amoebic dynsentry
13. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
HIV - malnutrition - death
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Pregnant women
<30 - military - prisons
14. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Cmv
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
15. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
differential staining of bacteria
Nocardia asteroides
Lower lobe
16. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Proteus mirabilis
botulism
what envelope contains
Killed viral vaccine
17. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Histoplasmosis
algology
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
18. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
fungal infection examples (3)
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
19. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
cilia
Serratia marcescens
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Severe bacteremia - death
20. What are PE signs of PID
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
plant kingdom
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
21. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
glycocalyx - description
Surfers in the tropics
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
22. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Immediately upon exposure
M. pneumoniae
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
23. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Transformation or competence
Parvo - single stranded
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
24. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
smooth ER
Viral gastroenteritis
25. Sporulation
cell membrane - definition
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Klebsiella granulomatis
endospores are formed via
26. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Rabies
27. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Rubella german measles
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
28. How does TSST work
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
ABC
capsid is composed of...
29. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
how many degrees celsius for mold?
30. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Klebsiella
ASO titer
C. diff
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
31. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Sterility
32. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Group B strep
Toxoid vaccine
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Food - fingers - feces - flies
33. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
viruses
production of beer and wine
Metabolic activity without division
No cell wall
34. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Cryptosporidium
cytoplasm - definition
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
mycology
35. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Elevated CRP and ESR
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
36. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
plasmid - definition
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
37. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
amoebic dynsentry
pseudopodia
malaria symptoms
38. Prokaryotes
endospores - definition
bacteria domain
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
39. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
eukaryotic organelles - definition
penetration (B)
spiral - spirochete
Oral and esophageal thrush
40. What are agryll roberston pupils
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
malaria
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
41. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
genus
H flu type B
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
42. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
HHV 6 - roseola
43. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
five fields of microbiology
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
44. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
eukaryotic organelles (5)
plasmid - definition
food industry
Plasmodium
45. Who typically gets sporothrix
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46. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
spontaneous generation example
HBV
anaerobic
viruses
47. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
arrangements - staphylo
48. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Pseudomonas
Fungi
49. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
endospores are resistant to (4)
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
50. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Legionella
red tide
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus