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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
CMV
polyhedral shape - defintion

2. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
HBV
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart

3. What are agryll roberston pupils
chemical synthesis...
flagella
gram stain - definition
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

4. microcytic anemia - parasite
Cyanophora paradoxa
Ancylostoma - necator
capsid - definition
protozoa (3)

5. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
arrangements of bacteria
Diphyllobothrium latum
Toxoid vaccine

6. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
glycocalyx - description
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis

7. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
C. botulinum
Cholesterol
Measles

8. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Rubella german measles
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension

9. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
what peptidoglycan is composed of
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

10. pos PAS stain

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11. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
E. coli
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
adsorption (AV)

12. B12 def - parasite
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Diphyllobothrium latum
Oral and esophageal thrush
Gambiense - rhodesiense

13. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
Gallbladder
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
arrangements of bacteria

14. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
E. Coli
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

15. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
yeast

16. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Candida and aspergillus
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
specific
Anaerobes

17. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Fungi
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

18. What is pontiac fever
chromosome - description
flaccid paralysis
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

19. What kind of virus and family are HBV
DNA hepadnavirus
Salmonella
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)

20. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Nematode in undercooked meat
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
microaerophilic

21. Ability to move via flagella
motility of bacteria
Neisseria
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

22. 10 - 100 micrometers
eukaryotes
capsid - function
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
icosahedron

23. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Clonorchis sinensis
medical important mycobacteria
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal

24. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

25. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
bacteriophage - definition
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
how wine is spoiled

26. What stain shows legionella
Clostridia
Silver stain
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Surfers in the tropics

27. What does adenovirus cause
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Clostridium tetani
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Klebsiella pneumo

28. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Theory of Biogenesis
C tetani
release (B)
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

29. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Crohns or appendicitis
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
replication for prokaryotes

30. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
five kingdoms of microorganisms

31. painless chancre - org and dz
viral shapes
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Treponema - primary syphillis
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

32. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Enterobius
Yeast - protazoan
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

33. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
plasmid - function
Pseudomonas
HHV 6 - roseola
penetration (AV)

34. Study of fungi
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Yes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
mycology

35. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
adsorption (B)
Acid fast organisms
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR

36. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Azithromycin
Bacteria - STD
Entamoeba histolytica
Influenza virus

37. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
R. typhi

38. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Pseudomonas
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
D- K

39. Protein synthesis
ribosomes - function
CMV
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Histoplasmosis

40. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
antibiotics
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
eukaryotes
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

41. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
amoebic dynsentry
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

42. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Group B strep
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
S. aureus

43. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
yeast
Bacteria - STD
Genetic shift - pandemic

44. hemoptysis - parasite
Lactose fermenting enterics
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
envelope - definition
Paragonimus westermani

45. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
commercial applications
HIV - sexual
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
humans do not have

46. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
No cell wall
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
microbiology
John Needham - experiment

47. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
specific
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
protista kingdom

48. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
pseudopodia

49. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Common cold and SARS
HEV

50. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Type B protease IgA
Salmonella
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Reassortment