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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Candida
Elevated CRP and ESR
three domains of microorganisms
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)

2. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
No - erythromycin
plasmid - definition
release (B)
Streptococcus - staphylococus

3. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
M. avium intracellulare
amoebic dynsentry
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Legionella

4. varicella - lots of spots
Immediately upon exposure
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
HBC - hepatitis B
3 groups in archaea

5. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Serratia
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
spiral
rickettsia

6. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
eukaryotes
JC virus causing PML
five fields of microbiology
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

7. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Mycoplasma - have sterols
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

8. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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9. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Nucleus - except parvovirus
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
No - erythromycin

10. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
mycolic acid - definition
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

11. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles

12. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
specialized flagella
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Influenza virus
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

13. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
how wine is spoiled
differential staining example
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
species

14. What is the TX for rickettsiae
R. prowazekii
Echinococcus granulosus
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Doxycycline

15. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
HHV-8 - KS
Strep pneumo and viridans
helical shape - definition
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

16. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
genus

17. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

18. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
nucleus

19. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Vagina
Klebsiella pneumo
HIV - sexual

20. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
cytoplasm - definition
Serratia
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

21. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
they are eukaryotes
interferon
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella

22. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Sterility
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Bartonella henselae
oral yeast infections =

23. What viruses make up the arena virus family
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice

24. perianal pruritis - parasite
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Enterobius

25. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block

26. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Cryptosporidium
Negative
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

27. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Fusion and entry
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

28. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Azithromycin

29. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

30. neutropenic pts
Candida and aspergillus
Actinomyces israeli
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

31. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
hypotonic solution
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

32. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
L1 - L2 - L3
facultative

33. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Cigar shaped yeast
giardia
Rapid cell division

34. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Chronic disease - positive during window period
arrangements of bacteria

35. Will show special structures
Koch's Postulates 3
special staining of bacteria
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
differential staining of bacteria

36. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Strep pneumo and viridans
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

37. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
All of them
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

38. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
VZV - chickenpox
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

39. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
actinomycetes (3) - description
Actinomyces israeli
chromosomes in nucleus are...

40. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
No cell wall
Actic polymerization
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

41. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Vulvuvaginitis
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
C tetani

42. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Actinomyces
Histoplasmosis
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

43. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Influenza virus
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

44. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Only humoral - stable
giardia

45. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
monera kingdom

46. What does parvovirus cause
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Bartonella henselae
M. tuberculosis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults

47. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
what many pathogenic fungi are
spiral

48. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Cyanophora paradoxa
chromosome - description
HHV-8 - KS

49. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
eukarya domain
<30 - military - prisons
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

50. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
adsorption (AV)
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Spikes
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)