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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
HIV - malnutrition - death
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
structures of prokaryotic cell
2. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
3. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
chromosome - function
replication (B)
Nocardia asteroides
endospores
4. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
flagella
Candida
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
5. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
ASO titer
Clostridium tetani
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
6. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
adsorption (AV)
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
7. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
spontaneous generation
Chlamydia trachomatis
8. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Guillain barre
CMV
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
9. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
botulism
10. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Histoplasmosis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
HSV-2 - genital herpes
11. Where do DNA viruses replicate
interferon
double- stranded DNA
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
12. Unicellular and facultative
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
how wine is spoiled
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
yeast
13. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
14. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
hypertonic solution
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
15. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
adsorption (AV)
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
16. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
17. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Rapid cell division
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Parvo - single stranded
18. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
amoebic dynsentry
H. pylori
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
19. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
arrangements - staphylo
Bordetella pertussis
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
20. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Bartonella sp
HBC - hepatitis B
21. What are PE signs of PID
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
basic shapes of bacteria
22. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
E. Coli
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
23. What bug grows on eaton's agar
HIV - sexual
specific
Syphillis - sexual contact
M. pneumoniae
24. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Dipoid RNA
Avain resevoir
Immediately upon exposure
capsid is composed of...
25. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
HBV from needle stick
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
100 micrometers
26. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Actinomyces and nocardia
M. kansasii
differential staining example
27. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Bordetella pertussis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
28. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
ABC
Unimmunised kids
flagella - function
29. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Specialized transduction - an excision event
cell membrane - function
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
30. What is the triad of HUS
Surfers in the tropics
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Many treponemas
Yeast - protazoan
31. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Gonococci
Vagina
32. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Bartonella henselae
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
33. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
endospores - definition
arrangements of bacteria
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
34. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
replication for eukaryotes
single- stranded DNA
R. typhi
cytoplasm - definition
35. Sporulation
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
EBV
endospores are formed via
bacteriophage - definition
36. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
37. What bugs are obligate aerobes
rough ER
CMV
ribosomes - function
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
38. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
gram- positive cell wall
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Mycoplasma - have sterols
39. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
candidiasis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
40. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Clostridium perfringens
S. aureus
41. What are prion disease caused by
Lepromatous
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
42. Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage - definition
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Guillain barre
43. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Genetic drift - epidemic
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
44. What does parvovirus cause
Salmonella
CMV retinitis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
45. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
C. diptheriae
lysozyme
46. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
pasteurization
malaria
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
47. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
production of beer and wine
HHV-8 - KS
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
plasmid - function
48. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Francesco Redi - experiment
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
replication (B)
Louis Pasteur
49. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Serratia marcescens
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Brucella sp
Oral and esophageal thrush
50. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Lower lobe
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta