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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Azithromycin
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

2. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
acid- fast organism - definition
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

3. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
malaria prevention
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

4. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

5. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Lymph nodes
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
histoplasmosis

6. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Trigeminal ganglia

7. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
gram stain - definition
HIV - sexual
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
HIV - AIDS

8. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
HEV
glycocalyx - description
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

9. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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10. Related to a fungus
myc/myo means
Koch's Postulates 4
virology
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

11. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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12. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Parvoviridae
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
osmotic pressure

13. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Klebsiella granulomatis
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

14. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
malaria prevention
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

15. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
trichomoniasis symptoms
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

16. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
rough ER
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
chlamydia

17. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
protista kingdom
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
adsorption (AV)
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

18. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
taxonomic hierarchy
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Guillain barre

19. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Staph or enteric GNR
flagella - function
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts

20. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
E. coli 0157:H7
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Guillain barre

21. What does rubeloa virus cause
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Pen
animal kingdom
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

22. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

23. Rodent viruses (not very common)
gram- negative cell wall
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
single- stranded DNA

24. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
spontaneous generation
chromosome - function
flagella - function
Lactose fermenting enterics

25. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
histoplasmosis
humans do not have
single- stranded RNA
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox

26. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Pseudomonas
Diphyllobothrium latum
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

27. What are the lab findings for cholera
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Prompt oral rehydration
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

28. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Bacteria - STD
Gonococci
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

29. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Transformation or competence
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Schistosoma mansori

30. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Actinomyces and nocardia
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

31. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
giardia
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

32. How does urinary tract infection present
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
N. gono causing gono
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock

33. What organisms stain with PAS

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34. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
envelope - definition
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
When nutriets are limited

35. How is Hfr made
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

36. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
All of them
fungi
lysozyme
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

37. Ability to move via flagella
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
motility of bacteria
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

38. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Viral gastroenteritis
gram- negative stain - explanation
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
All of them

39. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Klebsiella pneumo
Recombination

40. burns or air
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Pseudomonas
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Sporothrix schenckii

41. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
food industry
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Negative
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

42. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Lymph nodes
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Proteus mirabilis
No envelope

43. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
capsid - function
Measles
methanogens
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

44. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
hypotonic solution
capsid is composed of...
Syphillis - sexual contact

45. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Many treponemas
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Avain resevoir
Group B strep

46. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Sacral ganglia
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
medical important mycobacteria
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

47. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
No cell wall
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides

48. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Yes
Negative
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria

49. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Genetic shift - pandemic
Bordetella pertussis
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
60%; viruses

50. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
M. tuberculosis
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
plasmid - definition