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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Borrelia recurrentis
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

2. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
staining of bacteria
S. aureus
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
plasmolysis

3. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
protozoan infections (5)
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

4. Where do CMV cells remain latent
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Mononuclear cells
Bartonella henselae
H flu type B

5. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Borrelia recurrentis
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Robert Hooke

6. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
mycoplasma (5) - description
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Starts quickly and ends quickly
penetration (B)

7. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Antigen in urine
Rubella
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Specialized transduction - an excision event

8. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Metronidazole
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively

9. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Heat labile toxin
Vulvuvaginitis
E. Coli

10. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
gram- positive stain - color
Doxycycline

11. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
protozoology
ribosomes - function
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
HBV from needle stick

12. What organisms stain with PAS

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13. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Salmonella typhi
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
not acid- fast - colo

14. What does group B strep cause
arrangements of bacteria
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies

15. PNA in elderly
Nocardia asteroides
Bacillus anthracis
oxygen requirements of bacteria
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR

16. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Theory of Biogenesis
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Strep pneumo and viridans
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

17. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
replication (AV)
Campylobacter
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
malaria symptoms

18. What are PE signs of PID
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
HAV - RNA picornavirus

19. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Yersinia enterocolitica

20. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
Genetic drift - epidemic
specialized flagella
acid- fast organism - definition
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii

21. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Malignant otitis externa
Campylocobacter jejuni
Metabolic activity without division
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

22. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
E. coli - proteus

23. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
HIV - sexual
Bordetella pertussis
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

24. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Toxoid vaccine
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
flagella - function
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

25. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Guillain barre
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
<30 - military - prisons

26. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
what peptidoglycan is composed of
viral shapes
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

27. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
gram- positive stain - color
Beta hemolytic

28. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Lower lobe
Salmonella
HBV
CMV

29. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Koch's Postulates 1
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

30. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
E. coli
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

31. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Endosymbiotic Theory
Transformation or competence
Actinomyces israeli

32. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Gardnerella vaginalis
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

33. meningitis in >60
Pseudomonas
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
differential staining of bacteria

34. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
assembly (B)
flagella - function
Metronidazole

35. When do gram pos rods form spores
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
When nutriets are limited
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

36. What is the H flu vaccine
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

37. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
chromosomes in nucleus are...
HHV-8 - KS
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

38. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Legionella
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

39. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Staph make it - strep don't
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
E. coli - proteus
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

40. What are prion disease caused by
spiral - spirillum
gram- positive cell wall
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella

41. What are the lab findings for cholera
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
bacteriophage - definition
germination
Actinomyces and nocardia

42. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
cell membrane - definition
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Pneumoniae and psittaci

43. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
flagella - description

44. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

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45. Study of fungi
bacillus
mycology
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Rabies

46. What does poxvirus cause

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47. How do bacterial capsules function
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

48. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Fusion and entry
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Azithromycin
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

49. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Bacillus anthracis
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

50. CO2 concentration and temperature
C. diff
Campylocobacter jejuni
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
motility of bacteria