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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Pseudomonas
M. avium intracellulare
Mononuclear cells

2. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
HCV
C. perfringens
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Severe pneumonia

3. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
giardia
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
chloroplasts - function
Koch's Postulates 1

4. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
anaerobic
Salmonella
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

5. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
ASO titer
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
cell membrane - function
Envelope proteins

6. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
M. tuberculosis
chromosome - function

7. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
hyperthermophiles
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Rubella german measles

8. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
glycocalyx - function
envelope - definition
capsid is composed of...

9. What does p24 do
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Capsid protein
Metronidazole

10. ____ do no treat viral infections
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
antibiotics
Chlamydia trachomatis
spiral

11. Which males have UTIs
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors

12. What is a positive Monospot test
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Immediately upon exposure
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs

13. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Type B protease IgA
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

14. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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15. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Clostridium tetani
cytoplasm - definition
Streptococcus - staphylococus

16. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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17. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
archaea domain
Bartonella henselae
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Attachment to host T cell

18. What is pontiac fever
chromosome - description
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
gram- positive stain - color

19. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
biogenesis
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
cytoplasm - definition
Malignant otitis externa

20. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
EBV
Pseudomonas
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Treponema

21. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
facultative
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Meningococci

22. What does norwalk virus do
Pasteurella multocida
Viral gastroenteritis
Plasmodium
Type B protease IgA

23. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
PHV
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

24. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
specific
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Severe bacteremia - death

25. What are the lab findings for cholera
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

26. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
spontaneous generation example
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

27. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
microbiology
Entamoeba histolytica
species

28. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants

29. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Metabolic activity without division
assembly (B)
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe

30. What happens in secondary syphillis
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
H flu type B

31. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Anti - HBsAb
M. pneumoniae
Crohns or appendicitis

32. What does papillomovirus cause
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
specific
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

33. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
release (B)
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

34. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
biogenesis
Reassortment
Capsid protein

35. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
trichomoniasis...
hypotonic solution
Rifampin
spontaneous generation example

36. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Cmv
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Yersinia pestis
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever

37. What acid is in the spore core
Dipicolinic acid
Rose gardner's
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

38. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
gram- negative cell wall
trichomoniasis symptoms
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

39. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
spontaneous generation
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Cyanophora paradoxa

40. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Gallbladder
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
ribosomes - function

41. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

42. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Paramyxovirus; measles
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

43. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Echinococcus granulosus
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

44. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Clonorchis sinensis
Muramic acid
Echinococcus granulosus
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles

45. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Mumps virus - mumps
Cigar shaped yeast
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Negative

46. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Toxplasmosis
giardia
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

47. What are the markers of Hep immunity
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Actinomyces and nocardia
Anti - HBsAb
capsid is composed of...

48. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
rough ER
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

49. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
Echinococcus granulosus
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
smooth ER
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

50. What are the three forms of prion diesase
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
replication (AV)
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)