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Microbiology
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Subject
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engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
John Needham - experiment
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Legionella
2. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Cholesterol
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
3. Pairs
Yeast - protazoan
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
arrangements - diplo
protozoa (3)
4. Tightly coiled
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
spiral - spirochete
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
5. Chains
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
arrangements - strepto...
6. PNA in CF - burn
Pseudomonas
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Borrelia recurrentis
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
7. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Rifampin
food industry
Measles
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
8. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
cilia - function
pasteurization
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
9. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
nucleic acid
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Beta hemolytic
10. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
Neisseria
Reassortment
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
11. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
12. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
Oral and esophageal thrush
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Candida and aspergillus
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
13. Lowercase/italics or underlined
cell membrane - definition
species
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
14. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Does not ferment sorbitol
Serratia marcescens
15. What does M protein do - who has it
Doxycycline
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
many humans would test antibody positive for this
cytoplasm - definition
16. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
HSV-2 - genital herpes
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
17. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Mumps virus - mumps
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Endosymbiotic Theory
Gonococci
18. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
JC virus causing PML
E. coli 0157:H7
cell wall - function
19. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Between 2 and 18 months
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
20. How is chlamydia DX is lab
HDV
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
21. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Borrelia burgdorferi
chemical synthesis...
10%; viral
Acid fast organisms
22. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Clostridium tetani
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Teichoic acid
23. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1 - L2 - L3
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
24. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
Recombination
pili - function
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
glycocalyx - description
25. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Klebsiella
facultative
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
26. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Bartonella sp
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
taxonomic hierarchy
antibiotics
27. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Schistosoma mansori
cytoplasm - definition
28. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Francesco Redi
Pasteurella multocida
29. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
helical shape - definition
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Brucella sp
Borrelia burgdorferi
30. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
protista kingdom
chromosome - function
H flu
31. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Viridans group streptococci
32. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Elementary body
candidiasis
release (AV)
33. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Rapid cell division
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
facultative
Viridans group streptococci
34. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
helical shape - definition
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
bacteriology
35. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
36. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
37. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
polyhedral shape - defintion
tetanus
E. coli - proteus
38. What organisms stain with PAS
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39. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Klebsiella granulomatis
pili - function
Teichoic acid
40. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Clonorchis sinensis
41. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
No envelope
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
42. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
M. pneumoniae
Beta hemolytic
43. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
structures of prokaryotic cell
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
44. atypical PNA
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
bacteriophage - definition
45. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
capsid is composed of...
chromosome - function
46. What is in pneumovax
chemical synthesis...
Unimmunised kids
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Owl's eye inculsions
47. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
48. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
simple staining of bacteria
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
49. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Doxycycline
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
50. What viruses make up the arena virus family
species
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
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