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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Doxycycline
HIV - malnutrition - death
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

2. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

3. Grow in very hot conditions
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
hyperthermophiles
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
eukaryotes

4. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Protein A - S. aureus

5. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
fungi kingdom
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

6. What organisms are encapsulated
viral shapes
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
When nutriets are limited
EBV

7. traumatic open wound
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
C. perfringens
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Between 2 and 18 months

8. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Elevated CRP and ESR

9. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Genetic drift - epidemic
release (AV)
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver

10. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
C. perfringens
gram- negative cell wall
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)

11. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Pseudomonas
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on

12. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
C. perfringens
trichomoniasis...

13. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Clostridia
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

14. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Clostridium botulinum
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

15. Who typically gets sporothrix

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16. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
differential staining of bacteria
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
M. avium intracellulare

17. What C. diptheria grows on...
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Tellurite agar
Haematobium - bladder
uncoating (AV)

18. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
chemical synthesis...
Schistosoma mansori
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

19. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Bat - racoon - skunk
Clostridium perfringens
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

20. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
methanogens
fungi kingdom
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

21. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Actinomyces and nocardia
Surfers in the tropics
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

22. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
bacillus

23. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
endospores are formed via
fimbriae - function
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

24. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
plasmolysis

25. Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
Sexual activity - but not an STI
polyhedral shape - defintion
five kingdoms of microorganisms
HBC - hepatitis B

26. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
HHV 6 - roseola
genus
Azithromycin
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

27. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Legionella
Crohns or appendicitis
M. avium intracellulare
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

28. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Azithromycin
Envelope proteins
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

29. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
nucleic acid

30. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
mycology
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

31. What does PAS actually stain for
Attachment to host T cell
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
malaria symptoms

32. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
Ring enhancing brain lesions
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Meningococci

33. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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34. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Anti - HBsAb
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

35. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
IgG Anti - HBcAg
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

36. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Pasteurella multocida
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

37. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus

38. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
HEV
HHV-8 - KS
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

39. perianal pruritis - parasite
five kingdoms of microorganisms
HBV
S. aureus
Enterobius

40. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
characteristics of bacteria (5)

41. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Lower lobe
Schistosoma mansori

42. What is weil's disease
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

43. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
10 to 12
HBC - hepatitis B

44. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
flagella - function
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Crohns or appendicitis

45. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
humans do not have
E. coli - proteus
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

46. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Strep pneumo and viridans
chlamydia
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Dipoid RNA

47. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

48. Which are the enteroviruses
Mononuclear cells
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV

49. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
mycology
IVDU
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

50. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
medical important mycobacteria
archaea domain
anaerobic
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

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Microbiology

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