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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Candida albicans
Pets - treat with topical azoles
gram- negative cell wall
2. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Pasteurella multocida
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
differential staining example
3. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Legionella
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
4. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
malaria symptoms
facultative
mycoplasma (5) - description
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
5. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
capsid - definition
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
botulism
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
6. 10 - 100 micrometers
eukaryotes
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Actic polymerization
Salmonella typhi
7. What does salmonella typhi cause
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
8. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Campylobacter
Rickettsia rickettsii
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
9. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Legionella
molds
Campylocobacter jejuni
10. Name the live attenuated vaccines
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11. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
C. diptheriae
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Virbrio cholera
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
12. currant jelly sputum
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Klebsiella
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
13. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
14. What does PAS actually stain for
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
HAV - RNA picornavirus
15. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
virus example
16. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Salpingitis
interferon
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
17. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
18. rubella - lots of spots
Cigar shaped yeast
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
19. What is the main complication of mumps
Clostridium botulinum
Actinomyces
Sterility
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
20. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Only humoral - stable
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
21. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Chlamydia trachomatis
how wine is spoiled
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
22. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
23. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Salmonella
envelope is composed of...
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Gonococci
24. What are the killed viral vaccines
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Dark field microscopy
Yeast - protazoan
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
25. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
characteristics of bacteria (5)
S. aureus
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
26. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
methanogens
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Salmonella typhi
27. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Yersinia pestis
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
28. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
cell membrane - definition
29. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
30. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
assembly (AV)
Lepromatous
31. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
adsorption (B)
Lower lobe
32. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
33. What can PID cause
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Staph or enteric GNR
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
34. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Genetic shift - pandemic
35. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
nucleus
what peptidoglycan is composed of
36. What is the nl flora on the skin
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
John Needham
S. epidermidis
37. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Cyanophora paradoxa
Borrelia burgdorferi
osmotic pressure
38. Trichomonas
flagella
golgi complex - function
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
HSV-2 - genital herpes
39. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Klebsiella
fimbriae - function
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
40. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
archaea domain
Protein A - S. aureus
41. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
specific
capsid is composed of...
42. asplenic pt
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
43. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
five kingdoms of microorganisms
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
44. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Pox - complex
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
chromosome - function
Staph make it - strep don't
45. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Rabies
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
46. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
virus example
plasmolysis
release (B)
47. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Mononuclear cells
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Salmonella typhi
48. Fever and chills
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Metronidazole
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
malaria symptoms
49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
hypertonic solution
Pneumocystis jerovici
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
50. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Rubella german measles
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Francesco Redi - experiment
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel