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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
archaea domain
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

2. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
Children
plant kingdom
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI

3. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
algae characteristics (3)
Protozoan - a TORCH infection

4. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
spontaneous generation
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

5. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not

6. Are there carriers for HDV
single- stranded RNA
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Yes
Salmonella

7. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
HIV - malnutrition - death
icosahedron
chromosome - description
8 - orthomyoxovirus

8. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

9. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Actic polymerization
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

10. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Borrelia recurrentis
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
replication (B)

11. What does p24 do
Capsid protein
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
N. gono causing gono
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

12. What bug produces a red pigment
oral yeast infections =
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Serratia
Borrelia burgdorferi

13. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Motility - protein
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
antibiotics

14. Which nematodes infect through the skin
No cell wall
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
All except coxiella are via arthropod

15. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease

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16. 10 - 100 micrometers
eukaryotes
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Ancylostoma - necator
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life

17. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Pasteurella multocida
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Tellurite agar
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

18. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
candidiasis
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Schistosoma haematobium
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

19. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Legionella
Proteus mirabilis
Oral and esophageal thrush
Yersinia pestis

20. liver cysts - parasite
Echinococcus granulosus
HBV from needle stick
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

21. What are the killed viral vaccines
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

22. Dimorphic/biphasic
eukaryotic organelles (5)
what many pathogenic fungi are
flagella - function
rickettsia

23. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
mycology
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

24. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Bartonella henselae
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Pseudomonas

25. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Crohns or appendicitis
endospores
HHV-6 roseola

26. meningitis in >60
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Resistant
Paragonimus westermani
bacteria domain

27. fungal infection in diabetic
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Prompt oral rehydration
chromosome - description
Mucor or rhizopus

28. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

29. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
taxonomic hierarchy
eukarya domain
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

30. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
plasmolysis
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
endospores - definition
trichomoniasis symptoms

31. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
VZV - chickenpox
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
10%; viral

32. dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Bartonella henselae
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

33. What is Anti - HBeAg
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
basic shapes of bacteria

34. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
eukaryotic organelles - definition
hypertonic solution

35. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Streptococcus - staphylococus

36. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
HHV-8 - KS
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Anti - HAVAb IgM
H flu

37. How do you treat lyme disease
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
three domains of microorganisms
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
CMV

38. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
3 groups in archaea
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

39. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors

40. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
monera kingdom
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
HBC - hepatitis B
glycocalyx - function

41. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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42. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
E. coli
Immediately upon exposure
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

43. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
structures of prokaryotic cell
Bordetella pertussis

44. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Rabies
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

45. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
medical important mycobacteria

46. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
H flu
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

47. Describe the rabies virus
Serratia
Elementary body
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Protozoan - STD

48. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Protozoan - STD

49. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
penetration (B)
Anti - HAVAb IgM

50. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
ASO titer
icosahedron