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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Entamoeba histolytica
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
microaerophilic
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
2. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
ribosomes - function
chemical synthesis...
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
3. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Beta hemolytic
Schistosoma haematobium
4. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
fungal infection examples (3)
endocytosis...
cell wall - function
5. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Reassortment
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
6. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
spiral
EBV
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
7. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Endosymbiotic Theory
Pen
Staph or enteric GNR
8. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
Endosymbiotic Theory
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Oral and esophageal thrush
9. 1 - 10 micrometers
differential staining example
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Severe pneumonia
prokaryotes
10. 25 celsius
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
S. aureus
how many degrees celsius for mold?
11. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Bartonella henselae
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Clostridia
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
12. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Candida albicans
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
13. Allows nutrients in - waste out
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Elevated CRP and ESR
cell membrane - function
Lower lobe
14. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
When nutriets are limited
10%; viral
Salmonella
15. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Koch's Postulates 2
16. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
adsorption (B)
John Needham
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
17. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Shigella
18. What is the nl flora of the vagina
histoplasmosis
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
arrangements - staphylo
Metronidazole
19. Which are the enteroviruses
characteristics of bacteria (5)
ABC
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
20. What are the recombinant vaccines
C. diff
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Klebsiella pneumo
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
21. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Strep pneumo and viridans
Louis Pasteur
22. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
All of them
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
arrangements - strepto...
23. Ability to move via flagella
Bacterial superinfection
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
motility of bacteria
24. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Bacteria - STD
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Shigella
25. 37 celsius
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
histoplasmosis
26. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Common cold and SARS
27. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Endosymbiotic Theory
28. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
29. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
3 groups in archaea
Pseudomonas
how wine is spoiled
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
30. What is the nl flora in the oropharynx
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Viridans group streptococci
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
31. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Staph saprophyticus
Francisella tularenis
single- stranded DNA
Pneumoniae and psittaci
32. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
protozoa (3)
plasmid - definition
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
33. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Sacral ganglia
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Mononuclear cells
34. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces isreallii
E. coli
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Unimmunised kids
35. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Proteus mirabilis
36. What features are unique to salmonella
Superantigen
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
simple staining of bacteria
37. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
capsid - definition
Sporothrix schenckii
Saucer shaped yeast forms
hyperthermophiles
38. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
basic shapes of bacteria
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
mycology
39. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
spontaneous generation example
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Pseudomonas
40. Some algae
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
plant kingdom
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Mononuclear cells
41. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Does not ferment sorbitol
basic shapes of bacteria
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Shigella
42. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
three domains of microorganisms
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
43. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Candida
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
EBV
Legionella
44. Study of fungi
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
mycology
45. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
46. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
IgG Anti - HBcAg
cell membrane - definition
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
47. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
When nutriets are limited
B. cereus
M. pneumoniae
Treponema
48. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Rubella german measles
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
49. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
capsid is composed of...
HHV-6 roseola
Campylocobacter jejuni
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
50. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea