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Microbiology

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1. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Severe pneumonia
Treponema
Elementary body
Clindamycin or ampicillin

2. Which are the naked viruses
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
rough ER
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Palivizumab

3. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

4. What is a positive Monospot test
tetanus
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
staining of bacteria
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs

5. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Weil Felix test
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Klebsiella pneumo
gram- positive stain - explanation

6. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Neuraminidase
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

7. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
flaccid paralysis
Proteus mirabilis
Robert Koch

8. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
eukaryotes
HSV-2 - genital herpes
importance of microorganisms
what envelope contains

9. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
Shigella
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

10. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
spontaneous generation example
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Francisella tularenis
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

11. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
C. perfringens
Paramyxovirus; measles

12. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
Actinomyces isreallii
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
protozoa (3)
Mumps virus - mumps

13. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Histoplasmosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
malaria prevention
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

14. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
capsid is composed of...
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

15. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Fungi
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
M. tuberculosis
capsid - definition

16. When do gram pos rods form spores
Resistant
When nutriets are limited
trichomoniasis...
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

17. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Pseudomonas
biogenesis
Superantigen
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia

18. Virus is engulfed by host cell
Actinomyces and nocardia
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
endocytosis...

19. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
All of them
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Brucella sp

20. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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21. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
fungal infection examples (3)
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
arrangements - strepto...
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

22. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Pasteurella multocida
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole

23. How is Hfr made
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
chemical synthesis...
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
microaerophilic

24. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
adsorption (B)
myc/myo means
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Chronic disease - positive during window period

25. Study of protozoans
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
protozoology

26. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
golgi complex - function
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Louis Pasteur

27. Ability to move via flagella
motility of bacteria
Enteroinvasive E. coli
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

28. Study of bacteria
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
bacteriology

29. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
eukarya domain
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

30. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
C tetani
Nematode in undercooked meat
helical shape - definition
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

31. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Anti - HAVAb IgM

32. What does rhinovirus do
oxygen requirements of bacteria
mycolic acid - definition
Common cold
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

33. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Acute/recent infection
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

34. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Bartonella henselae
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

35. What does papillomovirus cause
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

36. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
uncoating (AV)
Louis Pasteur

37. What is legionnaires disease
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Severe pneumonia
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Louis Pasteur - experiment

38. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
100 micrometers
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Salmonella
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

39. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
flagella - function
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

40. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Cmv
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Metabolic activity without division

41. How does urinary tract infection present
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
coccus
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

42. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
B. cereus
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

43. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
acid- fast organism - definition
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

44. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
envelope - definition
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Guillain barre
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

45. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Vulvuvaginitis
plant kingdom
Bartonella sp
spiral - spirillum

46. health care provider
Anti - HAVAb IgM
HBV from needle stick
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
arrangements of bacteria

47. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Plasmodium

48. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Mice - deer
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells

49. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
facultative
rickettsia

50. What does HBsAg indicate
Children
fimbriae - function
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

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Microbiology

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