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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Metronidazole
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Sporothrix schenckii
animal kingdom
2. rubeola - lots of spots
Guillain barre
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
CMV - RSV
Paramyxovirus; measles
3. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Malignant otitis externa
actinomycetes (3) - description
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
4. Virus that infects bacteria
Enterobius
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
bacteriophage - definition
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
5. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
HCV
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Theory of Biogenesis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
6. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
helical shape - definition
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
7. What are the symptoms of TB
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Transformation or competence
species
8. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Rifampin
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
9. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Diphyllobothrium latum
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
10. What organisms are encapsulated
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Actinomyces israeli
10 to 12
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
11. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Mycoplasma
HIV - sexual
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
12. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
biogenesis
gram stain - definition
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Pasteurella multocida
13. Thrush
Group B strep
oral yeast infections =
fungal infection examples (3)
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
14. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
chromosome - description
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
specific
15. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
16. What does HBsAg indicate
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
HBC - hepatitis B
Mycoplasma
17. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Francesco Redi - experiment
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
helical shape - definition
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
18. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
10%; viral
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
19. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
endospores
20. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Koch's Postulates 3
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
21. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Gambiense - rhodesiense
glycocalyx - description
mycoplasma (5) - description
22. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
medical important mycobacteria
Koch's Postulates 4
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
23. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Oral and esophageal thrush
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
envelope is composed of...
24. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Fungi
viruses
Pasteurella multocida
Only borrelia
25. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Dark field microscopy
Fusion and entry
HIV - malnutrition - death
26. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular
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27. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Salmonella
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Acute/recent infection
28. 70S = 30S + 50S
endospores are resistant to (4)
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
29. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Cell Theory
30. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Syphillis - sexual contact
C tetani
Lymph nodes
31. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
cell wall - function
characteristics of bacteria (5)
lysozyme
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
32. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
endospores
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
33. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Spikes
Nematode in undercooked meat
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
34. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Starts quickly and ends quickly
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Genetic shift - pandemic
35. chronic granulomatous disease
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
uncoating (AV)
36. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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37. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
S. aureus
Mice - deer
importance of microorganisms
endocytosis...
38. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
39. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Dipicolinic acid
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
40. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
ABC
spontaneous generation
41. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Cmv
Ancylostoma - necator
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
42. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Mononuclear cells
trichomoniasis...
43. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
E. coli 0157:H7
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
44. What is the TX for candidiasis
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Borrelia recurrentis
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
45. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Vagina
46. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
C. diptheriae
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
47. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
genus
All of them
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Croup - seal like barking cough
48. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Antigen in vaccines
Type B protease IgA
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
49. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
fungi kingdom
Only borrelia
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
50. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Negative
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever