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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
gram- positive cell wall
fungal infection examples (3)
M. tuberculosis
Vulvuvaginitis
2. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
capsid - definition
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
3. CO2 concentration and temperature
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
humans do not have
spontaneous generation example
4. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Lactose fermenting enterics
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
uncoating (AV)
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
5. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Salmonella
<30 - military - prisons
mycolic acid - definition
capsid - definition
6. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
10 to 12
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Klebsiella
7. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Rubella german measles
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
8. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Pseudomonas
Gallbladder
9. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Children
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
10. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
commercial applications
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
11. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Crohns or appendicitis
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
12. atypical PNA
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Nocardia asteroides
13. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
anaerobic
assembly (B)
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
HIV - sexual
14. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Mumps virus - mumps
15. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
C. botulinum
Metronidazole
16. Rodent viruses (not very common)
VZV - chickenpox
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
single- stranded DNA
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
17. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
PCR/Viral load
bacteriology
18. Minor changes based on random mutation
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Genetic drift - epidemic
19. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Protein A - S. aureus
20. dog or cat bite
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
HHV-8 - KS
Pasteurella multocida
bacteriology
21. Unicellular and facultative
3 groups in archaea
species
yeast
production of beer and wine
22. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
prokaryotes
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
malaria
23. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever
24. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
flagella - function
Protein A - S. aureus
dormant
25. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Klebsiella pneumo
spiral - spirillum
Does not ferment sorbitol
26. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
osmotic pressure
Reassortment
S. aureus
Starts quickly and ends quickly
27. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
HDV
plasmid - definition
28. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Capsid protein
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Fungi
29. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Lower lobe
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Yersinia pestis
Campylocobacter jejuni
30. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
chloroplasts - function
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
31. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
R. typhi
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
EBV
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
32. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Sterility
arrangements of bacteria
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Cholesterol
33. What is the TX for candidiasis
B. cereus
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Dark field microscopy
34. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
archaea domain
35. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
HDV
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Schistosoma haematobium
Rifampin
36. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
M. avium intracellulare
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Serratia
37. How do bacterial capsules function
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
single- stranded DNA
38. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
single- stranded RNA
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
39. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
C. perfringens
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
40. Chains
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
arrangements - strepto...
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
41. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
Legionella
histoplasmosis
importance of microorganisms
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
42. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Koch's Postulates 3
Starts quickly and ends quickly
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
43. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Campylocobacter jejuni
gram- negative cell wall
Lymph nodes
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
44. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Pseudomonas
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
45. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Salmonella
Rabies
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
46. What does parainfluenza cause
Croup - seal like barking cough
envelope - definition
Strep bovis - also group D
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
47. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
food industry
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
C. diptheriae
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
48. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Transformation or competence
Pasteurella multocida
49. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Dipoid RNA
ribosomes - function
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
50. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Rubella german measles
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults