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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
2. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
gram- negative cell wall
3. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
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4. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
flagella - description
5. What bugs are urease pos
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Recombination
No envelope
6. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
gram- negative cell wall
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Clostridium botulinum
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
7. Lowercase/italics or underlined
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
HDV
myc/myo means
species
8. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
D- K
HBC - hepatitis B
9. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Anti - HAVAb IgM
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
10. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
replication (B)
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Killed/inactivated
11. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
red tide
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
12. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Pets - treat with topical azoles
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Enterobius
13. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Vagina
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
14. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Robert Hooke
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Pseudomonas
15. PNA in CF
Pseudomonas
dormant
E. coli - proteus
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
16. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
methanogens
Meningococci
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Sterility
17. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
Pneumoniae and psittaci
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
18. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Mucor or rhizopus
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
19. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
flagella - function
Dipicolinic acid
Koch's Postulates 1
20. How is legionella transmitted
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
staining of bacteria
Aerosal - from environmental water source
21. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
22. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
differential staining example
<30 - military - prisons
basic shapes of bacteria
23. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Neisseria
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Superantigen
24. Rodent viruses (not very common)
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
single- stranded DNA
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
S - definition
25. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Doxycycline
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
26. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Yeast - protazoan
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
27. What does coxaskcievirus do
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
CMV - RSV
Metabolic activity without division
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
28. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
29. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
glycocalyx - function
Mumps virus - mumps
complex virus example
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
30. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
protozoa (3)
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
C. perfringens
31. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
adsorption (AV)
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
32. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
C. perfringens
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
H. pylori
33. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
rickettsia
Protein A - S. aureus
not acid- fast - colo
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
34. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
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35. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Dipoid RNA
S. aureus
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
36. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
how many degrees celsius for mold?
HIV - AIDS
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Staph or H. flu
37. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
Measles rubeola - measles
protista kingdom
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
3 groups in archaea
38. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
release (B)
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
protozoology
Clostridia
39. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
capsid - definition
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
40. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Anaerobes
EBV
C. perfringens
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
41. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
lysozyme
Measles
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Influenza virus
42. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
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43. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
release (AV)
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
what many pathogenic fungi are
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
44. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
C. perfringens
45. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Echinococcus granulosus
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Motility - protein
46. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
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47. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
48. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Type B protease IgA
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
red tide
49. How do bacterial capsules function
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Anti - HAVAb IgM
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
DNA hepadnavirus
50. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Antigen in urine
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
HBV from needle stick
Actinomyces israeli