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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Killed/inactivated
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
2. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Paramyxovirus; measles
differential staining of bacteria
Bartonella henselae
3. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Francesco Redi - experiment
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
HIV - sexual
aerobic
4. Virus that infects bacteria
flagella - description
bacteriophage - definition
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Pseudomonas
5. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
EBV
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
gram- positive stain - explanation
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
6. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Candida
flagella - function
cytoplasm - definition
7. rubeola - lots of spots
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
endospores are formed via
Paramyxovirus; measles
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
8. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Measles
Type B protease IgA
9. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Severe bacteremia - death
cell membrane - definition
Azithromycin
facultative
10. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
Histoplasmosis
plasmolysis
Doxycycline
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
11. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Streptococcus mutans
Sterility
Cryptosporidium
E. coli - proteus
12. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
E. coli 0157:H7
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Capsid protein
Haematobium - bladder
13. Capitalized/italics or underlined
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
chromosome - description
genus
14. Rod- shaped
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Weil Felix test
bacillus
Rubella - respiratory droplets
15. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
16. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
H flu type B
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
17. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Group B strep - E. coli
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
18. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Anti - HBsAb
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Trigeminal ganglia
Malignant otitis externa
19. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission
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20. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
No cell wall
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
motility of bacteria
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
21. burns or air
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Pseudomonas
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
eukaryotic organelles (5)
22. What does rhinovirus do
specific
commercial applications
Common cold
myc/myo means
23. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
H flu
Only borrelia
Weil Felix test
gram- positive cell wall
24. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Clostridium botulinum
Only humoral - stable
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
25. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
protozoa (3)
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
26. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Children
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Pasteurella multocida
27. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
chloroplasts - function
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
DNA hepadnavirus
endospores are formed via
28. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
E. coli - proteus
Metronidazole
fungi kingdom
29. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
plasmid - definition
Severe bacteremia - death
Campylobacter
30. Study of algae
S - definition
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
algology
Sacral ganglia
31. Chains
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
R. prowazekii
arrangements - strepto...
32. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
CMV - RSV
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
trichomoniasis...
Schistosoma mansori
33. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
peptidoglycan - definition
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
characteristics of bacteria (5)
34. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Clostridium botulinum
<30 - military - prisons
ABC
35. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Guillain barre
Clostridia
36. Which are the naked viruses
CMV retinitis
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
37. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Clostridia
Starts quickly and ends quickly
chlamydia
38. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
giardia
L1 - L2 - L3
Borrelia burgdorferi
39. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
red tide
nucleus
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Plasmodium
40. How is treponema visualized
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Dark field microscopy
adsorption (AV)
arrangements - strepto...
41. Minor changes based on random mutation
assembly (B)
Clostridium botulinum
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Genetic drift - epidemic
42. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
E. Coli
envelope - definition
Pseudomonas
43. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Borrelia burgdorferi
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
lipids (fats) =
44. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
protozoology
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
gram- positive stain - explanation
45. PNA in immunCised
Paramyxovirus; measles
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Cholesterol
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
46. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
uncoating (AV)
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
47. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
John Needham
Genetic shift - pandemic
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
48. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
methanogens
halophiles
Mycobacterium
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
49. What does parvovirus cause
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
DNA hepadnavirus
Mononuclear cells
50. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides