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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
<30 - military - prisons
Rapid cell division
2. painless chancre - org and dz
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Treponema - primary syphillis
Shigella
3. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
tetanus
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
4. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Streptococcus mutans
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Antigen in vaccines
5. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Clostridium tetani
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Pseudomonas
6. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
7. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Haematobium - bladder
Anti - HAVAb IgM
John Needham
<30 - military - prisons
8. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
9. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
acid- fast organism - definition
C. diptheriae
D- K
10. What does rhinovirus do
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Negative
Common cold
cell membrane - definition
11. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
pseudopodia
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
12. PNA in elderly
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Oral and esophageal thrush
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
13. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
cytoplasm - definition
Rickettsia rickettsii
viral shapes
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
14. Clusters
arrangements - staphylo
amoebic dynsentry
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
15. How is legionella detected clinically
mycolic acid - definition
Antigen in urine
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
antibiotics
16. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Antigen in vaccines
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Rabies
17. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Klebsiella
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
18. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
facultative
lysis
19. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
how wine is spoiled
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
20. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
gram- negative stain - explanation
humans do not have
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
21. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Only borrelia
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
22. What can PID cause
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
23. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
animal kingdom
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
specialized flagella
24. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
25. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Robert Hooke
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
26. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Francesco Redi - experiment
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Killed/inactivated
27. Sick cell trait
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Bacterial superinfection
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
28. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
ribosomes - function
Bordetella pertussis
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
29. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Paramyxovirus; measles
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
release (AV)
30. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
HHV-6 roseola
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
specialized flagella
31. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Avain resevoir
Specialized transduction - an excision event
32. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
eukaryotic organelles - definition
HDV
Syphillis - sexual contact
33. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
cell membrane - definition
Between 2 and 18 months
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
34. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
C. diptheriae
endocytosis...
HEV
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
35. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
endospores are resistant to (4)
Genetic drift - epidemic
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
bacteria domain
36. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Meningococci
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
they are eukaryotes
37. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Brucella sp
38. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
3 groups in archaea
specialized flagella
39. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
protista kingdom
acid- fast - color
capsid - function
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
40. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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41. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Klebsiella
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Tellurite agar
42. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
coccus
Many treponemas
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
43. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
what envelope contains
Louis Pasteur - experiment
taxonomic hierarchy
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
44. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Beta hemolytic
Borrelia recurrentis
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Only humoral - stable
45. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Genetic shift - pandemic
Between 2 and 18 months
Crohns or appendicitis
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
46. Study of fungi
mycology
Toxoid vaccine
eukarya domain
glycocalyx - function
47. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture
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48. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
EBV
C. perfringens
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
49. 70S = 30S + 50S
Cmv
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
lysis
50. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
necrosis
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG