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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
peptidoglycan - definition
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
2. Lowercase/italics or underlined
E. coli - proteus
replication for eukaryotes
Salmonella
species
3. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
H flu
Rubella german measles
replication (B)
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
4. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Palivizumab
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
5. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
eukarya domain
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Bordetella pertussis
Prompt oral rehydration
6. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Protein A - S. aureus
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
biogenesis
7. What are neoplasms associated with HIV
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8. Mild respiratory infection
replication for prokaryotes
double- stranded RNA
S. aureus
endospores - definition
9. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Klebsiella
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
10. PNA in elderly
Mycobacterium
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
11. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
HIV - sexual
differential staining of bacteria
anaerobic
12. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Treponema
endospores are resistant to (4)
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
13. Chemical synthesis and food industry
hypotonic solution
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
commercial applications
plant kingdom
14. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
15. Will show the difference between two things
chlamydia
differential staining of bacteria
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Protein A - S. aureus
16. 10 - 100 micrometers
eukaryotes
Treponema - primary syphillis
flaccid paralysis
arrangements of bacteria
17. Dimorphic/biphasic
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
what many pathogenic fungi are
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
18. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
19. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
double- stranded DNA
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
20. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
viral shapes
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Azithromycin
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
21. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Trigeminal ganglia
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
22. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
23. PNA in CF - burn
Pseudomonas
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
24. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Francesco Redi
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
penetration (AV)
25. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Parvo - single stranded
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
26. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Pasteurella multocida
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
27. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
cell membrane - definition
Recombination
Measles
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
28. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Recombination
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
29. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Pseudomonas
Rose gardner's
Staph make it - strep don't
30. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
how wine is spoiled
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Actic polymerization
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
31. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
red tide
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
HBV from needle stick
32. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
archaea domain
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
33. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
gram- positive stain - explanation
Bacillus anthracis
fungi
34. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
double- stranded RNA
Yeast - protazoan
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
capsid - definition
35. What animals carry rabies virus
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
HIV - malnutrition - death
Bat - racoon - skunk
Acute/recent infection
36. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
malaria symptoms
Dipicolinic acid
37. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
protista kingdom
HIV - AIDS
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Virbrio cholera
38. rubella - lots of spots
Cyanophora paradoxa
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Serratia
39. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
release (B)
Group B strep
John Needham - experiment
Actinomyces israeli
40. Postviral PNA
Staph or H. flu
Transformation or competence
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Parvo - single stranded
41. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
42. What does echovirus do
Actinomyces israeli
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Aseptic meningitis
Genetic shift - pandemic
43. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Pen
All except coxiella are via arthropod
histoplasmosis
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
44. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
HCV
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
45. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
C tetani
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
60%; viruses
Fusion and entry
46. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
smooth ER
Saucer shaped yeast forms
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Heat labile toxin
47. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Coagulation cascade - DIC
flagella - function
ABC
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
48. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
plasmid - definition
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
pseudopodia
49. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
John Needham
Killed viral vaccine
Salmonella
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
50. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
Tetracycline or erythromycin
hypotonic solution
Anti - HAVAb IgM
microaerophilic
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