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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
uncoating (AV)
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
2. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
Parvo - single stranded
Doxycycline
Mycoplasma
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
3. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
IgG Anti - HBcAg
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
chlamydia
3 groups in archaea
4. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Mycobacterium
gram stain - definition
5. What does norwalk virus do
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Viral gastroenteritis
6. What does Rubella virus cause
Oral and esophageal thrush
commercial applications
Ingestion of preformed toxin
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
7. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Azithromycin
S - definition
8. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
what envelope contains
9. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Rubella german measles
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
10. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
golgi complex - function
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
B. cereus
11. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
No envelope
Common cold and SARS
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Gambiense - rhodesiense
12. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Metronidazole
HBC - hepatitis B
IgG Anti - HBcAg
13. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
envelope is composed of...
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
14. microcytic anemia - parasite
Elevated CRP and ESR
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Ancylostoma - necator
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
15. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
gram stain - definition
Actic polymerization
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Francesco Redi - experiment
16. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
CMV - RSV
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
17. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
Guillain barre
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Pseudomonas
Severe pneumonia
18. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
capsid - definition
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
glycocalyx - description
osmotic pressure
19. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
20. Herpes - warts
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
histoplasmosis
double- stranded DNA
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
21. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Pasteurella multocida
cell membrane - definition
hypotonic solution
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
22. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
interferon
molds
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
23. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Campylocobacter jejuni
gram- positive cell wall
Envelope proteins
24. Which males have UTIs
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
25. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
26. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Actinomyces isreallii
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
gram- positive stain - explanation
27. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Parvo - single stranded
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Pseudomonas
arrangements of bacteria
28. Prokaryotes
60%; viruses
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
bacteria domain
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
29. What happens in tertiary syphillis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
30. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
icosahedron
Strep pneumo and viridans
Borrelia burgdorferi
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
31. Protein synthesis
Mumps virus - mumps
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
ribosomes - function
32. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Theory of Biogenesis
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
33. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
HIV - AIDS
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
HHV 6 - roseola
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
34. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
capsid - definition
35. Sick cell trait
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Klebsiella
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
36. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
John Needham - experiment
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Clostridia
replication for eukaryotes
37. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
3 groups in archaea
structures of prokaryotic cell
Cryptococcus neoformans
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
38. Tissue died
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
endospores
gas gangrene
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
39. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Pasteurella multocida
Surfers in the tropics
40. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
monera kingdom
cilia - function
assembly (AV)
Serratia
41. What does listeria infection cause
lipids (fats) =
replication (B)
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
42. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
taxonomic hierarchy
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
M. avium intracellulare
food thickeners
43. What does gonococi cause
lipids (fats) =
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
44. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
cell wall - function
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Severe bacteremia - death
necrosis
45. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
methanogens
46. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
47. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Bacteria - STD
Chronic disease - positive during window period
gram- negative cell wall
humans do not have
48. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
mycolic acid - definition
Pregnant women
Syphillis - sexual contact
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
49. What is the nl flora of the colon
Pneumocystis jerovici
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
arrangements - staphylo
50. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
biogenesis
E. Coli
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Neisseria