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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Pseudomonas
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

2. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
actinomycetes (3) - description
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Antigen associated with core of HBV
eukaryotic organelles - definition

3. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

4. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Rubella - respiratory droplets
chemical synthesis...
lipids (fats) =

5. When is H flu vaccine give
Between 2 and 18 months
what many pathogenic fungi are
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

6. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
monera kingdom
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

7. What does norwalk virus do
Bacterial superinfection
Viral gastroenteritis
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

8. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Schistosoma mansori
fungal infection examples (3)
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

9. Fever and chills
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
malaria symptoms
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

10. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Francesco Redi
M. tuberculosis
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Food - fingers - feces - flies

11. variola - lots of spots
Viridans group streptococci
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

12. What does papillomovirus cause
replication (AV)
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Influenza virus
Azithromycin

13. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
adsorption (AV)
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Klebsiella granulomatis
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide

14. Are there carriers for HDV
Strep bovis - also group D
Yes
arrangements of bacteria
Azithromycin

15. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

16. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
plasmolysis
Group B strep
Salmonella

17. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
staining of bacteria
necrosis

18. Helical - polyhedral - complex
algology
viral shapes
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

19. Requires presence of oxygen
cilia - function
aerobic
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Metabolic activity without division

20. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
structures of prokaryotic cell
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
H. flu

21. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
B. cereus
Yersinia enterocolitica
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Pen

22. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Pregnant women
Palivizumab
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

23. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Neisseria
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Elevated CRP and ESR
Pneumocystis jerovici

24. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
fungi kingdom

25. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

26. Related to a fungus
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
myc/myo means
Rapid cell division

27. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Rubella german measles
Ingestion of preformed toxin
they are eukaryotes

28. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts

29. traumatic open wound
C. perfringens
Envelope proteins
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Prompt oral rehydration

30. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
H flu
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
spiral - vibrio
Pneumocystis jerovici

31. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
No - erythromycin
3 groups in archaea
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

32. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

33. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Mycoplasma
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Pseudomonas
Avain resevoir

34. How does TSST work
Nucleus - except parvovirus
ribosomes - function
malaria symptoms
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation

35. What bugs are urease pos
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
tetanus
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

36. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Type B protease IgA
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

37. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
staining of bacteria
Theory of Biogenesis
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

38. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
importance of microorganisms
spiral
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

39. What does meningococci cause
flaccid paralysis
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

40. 1 - 10 micrometers
Salmonella typhi
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
prokaryotes

41. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
cytoplasm - definition
endospores are resistant to (4)
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

42. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
H. flu
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

43. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Candida and aspergillus
Measles rubeola - measles
H. pylori

44. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
ASO titer
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
food thickeners

45. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Actinomyces israeli
Common cold
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Acute/recent infection

46. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Treponema

47. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Yeast - protazoan
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

48. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
arrangements of bacteria
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Candida albicans

49. Herpes - warts
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
CMV retinitis
Enterobius
double- stranded DNA

50. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
red algae make
John Needham