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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
animal kingdom
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture

2. Pink
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Severe bacteremia - death
gram- negative stain - color

3. What bug grows on eaton's agar
M. pneumoniae
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Yeast - protazoan
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec

4. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Measles rubeola - measles
N. gono causing gono
lysis
endospores are formed via

5. What kind of genome does HIV have
Silver stain
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Dipoid RNA

6. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
gram- positive cell wall
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

7. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Protein A - S. aureus
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Mycoplasma - have sterols

8. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
five fields of microbiology
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

9. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Transformation or competence
Envelope proteins
Attachment to host T cell

10. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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11. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
five kingdoms of microorganisms
acid- fast organism - definition
rickettsia

12. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
malaria
R. typhi
acid- fast organism - definition
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

13. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
many humans would test antibody positive for this
<30 - military - prisons
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
methanogens

14. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

15. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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16. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Genetic drift - epidemic
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
how many degrees celsius for mold?

17. Pairs
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Gardnerella vaginalis
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
arrangements - diplo

18. What is the nl flora of the colon
arrangements - strepto...
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

19. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Azithromycin
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone

20. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
H. pylori
3 groups in archaea
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
spiral - spirillum

21. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Gambiense - rhodesiense
microaerophilic
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Candida albicans

22. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
hypertonic solution
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Treponema - primary syphillis
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

23. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
bacteriology
HBV from needle stick
methanogens

24. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Cell Theory
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

25. Describe the rabies virus
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Paramyxovirus; measles
Envelope proteins
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

26. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Bacteria - STD

27. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
trichomoniasis...
Vagina
Strep pneumo and viridans
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

28. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
simple staining of bacteria
Cell Theory
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2

29. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Rubella
HCV
Silver stain
S. aureus

30. Tissue died
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Louis Pasteur
S. aureus
gas gangrene

31. What are PE signs of PID
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Actinomyces and nocardia
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

32. What is the nl flora of the vagina
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Lactose fermenting enterics
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

33. Help bacteria to attach to one another
protozoan infections (5)
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
pili - function
C. perfringens

34. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Anti - HBsAb
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
JC virus causing PML
amoebic dynsentry

35. What is endotoxin
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
PCR/Viral load
malaria symptoms
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

36. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Pseudomonas
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
polyhedral shape - defintion
HDV

37. What is the TX for chlamydia
N. gono causing gono
HBC - hepatitis B
Azithromycin
HEV

38. painless chancre - org and dz
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Schistosoma haematobium
Measles
Treponema - primary syphillis

39. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Azithromycin
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
amoebic dynsentry

40. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Clindamycin or ampicillin
histoplasmosis
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

41. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Mucor or rhizopus
10%; viral
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

42. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

43. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
No cell wall
flagella - description
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

44. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
penetration (AV)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
assembly (B)

45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not

46. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
M. tuberculosis

47. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability

48. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
protista kingdom
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Rapid cell division

49. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Pseudomonas
HIV - AIDS
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
what many pathogenic fungi are

50. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
facultative
mycology
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Actinomyces isreallii