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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Cryptosporidium
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
2. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
S. epidermidis
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Lazzaro Spallanzani
3. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
4. What viruses make up the arena virus family
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
5. What are the killed viral vaccines
Trigeminal ganglia
flagella - function
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
6. PNA in elderly
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Yersinia enterocolitica
7. Pink
Candida and aspergillus
Rubella german measles
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
acid- fast - color
8. What is the nl flora on the skin
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
germination
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
S. epidermidis
9. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
germination
10. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
glycocalyx - function
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Neuraminidase
PCR/Viral load
11. surgical wound
S. aureus
Syphillis - sexual contact
Serratia marcescens
Plasmodium
12. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
13. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Measles
ASO titer
14. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
double- stranded DNA
15. Chemical synthesis and food industry
cilia
commercial applications
HHV 6 - roseola
red algae make
16. Unicellular and facultative
Rubella german measles
Theory of Biogenesis
bacteriology
yeast
17. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
red tide
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
18. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Does not ferment sorbitol
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
19. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Beta hemolytic
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
20. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Staph saprophyticus
Antigen in urine
21. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
R. prowazekii
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Measles
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
22. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Salmonella
Robert Hooke
Pox - complex
23. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
Common cold
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Owl's eye inculsions
24. Problem with food preservation - canning
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
double- stranded RNA
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
botulism
25. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Influenza virus
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
motility of bacteria
26. Provides structure
Gonococci
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
cell wall - function
gram- negative stain - color
27. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Rapid cell division
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Cigar shaped yeast
E. coli - proteus
28. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
mycology
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Streptococcus - staphylococus
29. What is the TX for candidiasis
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
30. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
cytoplasm - definition
cilia - function
31. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Legionella
pasteurization
Cryptosporidium
32. Protein synthesis
lipids (fats) =
Louis Pasteur
Rubella - respiratory droplets
ribosomes - function
33. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Shigella
Oral and esophageal thrush
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
trichomoniasis symptoms
34. What are PE signs of PID
Treponema - primary syphillis
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Rubella german measles
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
35. Histoplasmosis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Candida albicans
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
36. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
coccus
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
37. What stain shows legionella
Plasmodium
Klebsiella
Metronidazole
Silver stain
38. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
fimbriae - function
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
39. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Pen
hypertonic solution
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
40. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
41. How does urinary tract infection present
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Sterility
C. diptheriae
42. What is the nl flora of the colon
arrangements - staphylo
glycocalyx - function
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
43. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Pseudomonas
Weil Felix test
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
44. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Pneumocystis jerovici
Resistant
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
45. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Cryptosporidium
Campylobacter
nucleus
Plasmodium
46. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Rubella - respiratory droplets
how do viruses take over a host cell?
47. What happens in secondary syphillis
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Only humoral - stable
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Legionella
48. What is the TX for h pylori
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Bacteria - STD
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
49. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Staph or enteric GNR
50. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Dark field microscopy
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
C. diptheriae
five fields of microbiology
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