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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Campylocobacter jejuni
Pseudomonas
Treponema
2. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Treponema
Severe pneumonia
Pasteurella multocida
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
3. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Gardnerella vaginalis
double- stranded RNA
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
4. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
protozoology
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
10%; viral
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
5. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Surfers in the tropics
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
6. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Genetic drift - epidemic
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
plasmolysis
7. What virus is in the deltavirus family
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
HDV
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
8. Help bacteria to attach to one another
E. coli - proteus
Epiglottitis H flu type B
pili - function
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
9. What is HBeAg
plasmid - function
release (B)
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
10. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
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11. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
M. avium intracellulare
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
H. pylori
12. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
E. coli - proteus
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
13. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
flagella - function
Rubella
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
14. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Cryptosporidium
smooth ER
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
15. Trichomonas
importance of microorganisms
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
flagella
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
16. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
E. coli
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
17. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Campylobacter
ribosomes - function
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
actinomycetes (3) - description
18. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
eukaryotic organelles - definition
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
19. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Pseudomonas
Pets - treat with topical azoles
20. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
specialized flagella
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
21. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Serratia
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
22. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
chemical synthesis...
Toxo crosses the placenta
trichomoniasis...
23. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Cmv
JC virus causing PML
24. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
fungi
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
H flu
8 - orthomyoxovirus
25. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Many treponemas
flaccid paralysis
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
26. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Mice - deer
Epiglottitis H flu type B
27. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
M. tuberculosis
Teichoic acid
28. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
double- stranded DNA
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
29. What does p24 do
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Capsid protein
John Needham - experiment
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
30. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Silver stain
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
31. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
complex virus example
gram- negative cell wall
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
32. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Gonococci
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Viral gastroenteritis
33. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Cryptococcus neoformans
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Bacteria - STD
34. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Yersinia pestis
gram- negative stain - color
humans do not have
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
35. What does M protein do - who has it
plasmid - definition
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Actinomyces isreallii
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
36. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Serratia marcescens
Enterobacter cloacae
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
commercial applications
37. What bugs are obligate aerobes
histoplasmosis
Proteus mirabilis
endospores
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
38. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Acid fast organisms
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
39. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Anaerobes
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
40. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
cell wall - function
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
41. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
42. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
M. kansasii
Mycobacterium
Nocardia asteroides
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
43. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission
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44. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
capsid - definition
Tellurite agar
45. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
lysis
Rickettsia rickettsii
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
46. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
what envelope contains
47. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
chlamydia
EBV
Only humoral - stable
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
48. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Salmonella
ABC
49. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Spikes
commercial applications
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Coagulation cascade - DIC
50. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
protozoan infections (5)
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
No - erythromycin
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Sorry!:) No result found.
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