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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Gonococci
Strep pneumo and viridans

2. PNA in elderly
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
C. perfringens
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

3. yeast infection
mitochondria - function
Type B protease IgA
envelope - definition
candidiasis

4. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

5. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
specialized flagella
differential staining of bacteria
double- stranded DNA
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI

6. pus - empyema - abcess
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
S. aureus
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

7. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

8. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Fusion and entry
Rubella - respiratory droplets

9. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death

10. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
H flu
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Haematobium - bladder
endocytosis...

11. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Elementary body

12. Minor changes based on random mutation
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Genetic drift - epidemic
3 groups in archaea
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

13. Where do CMV cells remain latent
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Mononuclear cells
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

14. What organisms are encapsulated
C. perfringens
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
antibiotics

15. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

16. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

17. What does salmonella typhi cause
Severe pneumonia
H flu
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Pseudomonas

18. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
10%; viral
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
genus

19. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
fungi
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Lactose fermenting enterics

20. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Trigeminal ganglia
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Bartonella henselae
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

21. dog or cat bite
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Actinomyces israeli
Croup - seal like barking cough
Pasteurella multocida

22. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Group B strep
Endosymbiotic Theory
Toxoplasmosis

23. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
Rickettsia rickettsii
EBV
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

24. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
commercial applications
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Mumps virus - mumps
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

25. What stain shows legionella
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Doxycycline
Silver stain

26. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
what envelope contains
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Pseudomonas
Measles rubeola - measles

27. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Viral gastroenteritis
Elementary body
Anti - HBsAb
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

28. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
tetanus
Schistosoma mansori
Louis Pasteur
five fields of microbiology

29. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
VZV - chickenpox
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
gram- positive stain - explanation
arrangements of bacteria

30. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

31. What does aspergillus cause

32. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Shigella
Cmv
infection process of bacteriophage (5)

33. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Owl's eye inculsions
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
acid- fast - color

34. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
N. gono causing gono
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

35. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
chloroplasts - function
Heat labile toxin

36. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Doxycycline
ASO titer
gram- positive stain - explanation
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

37. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
malaria symptoms
Prompt oral rehydration
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

38. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
CMV retinitis

39. What is the nl flora on the skin
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Doxycycline
S. epidermidis

40. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Palivizumab
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

41. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Clostridium perfringens
Bacterial superinfection
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Epiglottitis H flu type B

42. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
EBV
Resistant
Cryptosporidium
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

43. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
archaea domain
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes

44. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Mumps virus - mumps
Yeast - protazoan
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

45. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Treponema
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

46. What are the symptoms of mumps
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Candida and aspergillus
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

47. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Negative
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

48. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Aseptic meningitis
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
CMV

49. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Clostridium tetani
Bacillus anthracis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

50. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
dormant
hypertonic solution
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides