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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Actinomyces isreallii
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Influenza virus
2. Clusters
Rubella
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
arrangements - staphylo
3. How do bacterial capsules function
pasteurization
Candida
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
arrangements of bacteria
4. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
C. perfringens
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
5. What are the gram pos bacilli
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
CMV - RSV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
chemical synthesis...
6. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
Salmonella typhi
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
red algae make
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
7. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
chlamydia
8. Requires presence of oxygen
arrangements - staphylo
plasmolysis
hypotonic solution
aerobic
9. neutropenic pts
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Candida and aspergillus
Toxo crosses the placenta
assembly (B)
10. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
arrangements - diplo
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
11. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
microbiology
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
12. What are the recombinant vaccines
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
plant kingdom
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
13. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
gram- positive cell wall
Pseudomonas
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
14. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
envelope - definition
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
15. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Capsid protein
glycocalyx - function
Salmonella
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
16. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Bat - racoon - skunk
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
medical important mycobacteria
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
17. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
osmotic pressure
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Pneumocystis jerovici
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
18. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Actinomyces isreallii
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
19. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
helical shape - definition
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
icosahedron
20. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Hemagluttin
All except coxiella are via arthropod
HIV - sexual
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
21. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Yes
chlamydia
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
22. Require high salt concentrations
Prompt oral rehydration
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
L1 - L2 - L3
halophiles
23. What is in pneumovax
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
24. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
L1 - L2 - L3
Borrelia recurrentis
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
25. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
R. typhi
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Surfers in the tropics
Only borrelia
26. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Antigen in vaccines
27. roseola - lots of spots
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Teichoic acid
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
28. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Nematode in undercooked meat
29. What is HBcAg
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Antigen associated with core of HBV
30. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Yersinia pestis
food industry
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Parvo - single stranded
31. Where do VZV cells remain latent
golgi complex - function
Silver stain
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Ingestion of preformed toxin
32. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
food industry
H flu
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
33. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
No - erythromycin
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
capsid - function
34. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
C. botulinum
taxonomic hierarchy
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
35. What organisms stain with india ink
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Cryptococcus neoformans
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
36. Blue
Paramyxovirus; measles
not acid- fast - colo
S. aureus
HAV - RNA picornavirus
37. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
EBV
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
38. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Unimmunised kids
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
39. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
C. perfringens
No cell wall
Parvoviridae
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
40. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
HEV
41. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
chromosome - description
Pen
Between 2 and 18 months
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
42. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Elementary body
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Nocardia asteroides
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
43. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Francesco Redi - experiment
endospores
Bacterial superinfection
44. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
methanogens
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Parvo - single stranded
45. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Clostridium perfringens
Virbrio cholera
46. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
CMV retinitis
Klebsiella
microbiology
47. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
what envelope contains
48. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
virus example
monera kingdom
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
49. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
spontaneous generation example
HAV - RNA picornavirus
50. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Nocardia asteroides
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis