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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
differential staining of bacteria
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
2. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Measles rubeola - measles
HHV-6 roseola
3. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Mycoplasma - have sterols
arrangements - staphylo
Brucella sp
4. What does neg PPD indicated
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Proteus mirabilis
Enteroinvasive E. coli
5. How does mucomycosis present clinically
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Rubella
Azithromycin
6. What does adenovirus cause
Actinomyces isreallii
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
C tetani
7. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Chronic disease - positive during window period
fungal infection examples (3)
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
8. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
ribosomes - function
Mucor or rhizopus
Yeast - protazoan
9. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Rapid cell division
food industry
helical shape - definition
10. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Clostridia
gram- positive stain - explanation
Pseudomonas
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
11. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
animal kingdom
Cholesterol
Teichoic acid
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
12. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
JC virus causing PML
glycocalyx - description
Doxycycline
13. How does urinary tract infection present
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Ring enhancing brain lesions
14. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
15. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
<30 - military - prisons
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Pox - complex
Rubella german measles
16. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Surfers in the tropics
E. coli - proteus
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
17. What are the 3 C's for measles
Actinomyces israeli
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Avain resevoir
Meningococci
18. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Staph or H. flu
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
19. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
taxonomic hierarchy
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Aseptic meningitis
20. Some algae
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
plant kingdom
21. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Bacterial superinfection
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
22. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Common cold and SARS
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
23. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
osmotic pressure
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
single- stranded DNA
E. coli
24. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Salmonella
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Pasteurella multocida
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
25. What are the lab findings for H pylori
D- K
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
hypotonic solution
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
26. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Klebsiella
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Lower lobe
Sexual activity - but not an STI
27. Unicellular and facultative
Sterility
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
yeast
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
28. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
C. botulinum
29. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
assembly (B)
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
30. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
HIV - sexual
medical important mycobacteria
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
31. The host cell's plasma membrane
Antigen associated with core of HBV
envelope is composed of...
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Genetic drift - epidemic
32. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Influenza virus
staining of bacteria
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
33. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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34. PNA in CF - burn
Enterobacter cloacae
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Pseudomonas
35. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
yeast
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Klebsiella granulomatis
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
36. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
myc/myo means
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
37. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
biogenesis
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
38. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
differential staining example
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
oral yeast infections =
Measles rubeola - measles
39. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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40. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Cell Theory
S. aureus
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
41. Mild respiratory infection
Antigen in vaccines
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
double- stranded RNA
42. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Spikes
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
43. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
endospores are resistant to (4)
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
44. roseola - lots of spots
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
45. What does listeria infection cause
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Genetic drift - epidemic
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
46. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Meningococci
Virbrio cholera
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
47. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Doxycycline
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
lipids (fats) =
Lower lobe
48. What are the three forms of prion diesase
malaria symptoms
ribosomes - function
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
49. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
VZV - chickenpox
50. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
five fields of microbiology
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
viral shapes
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI