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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
cytoplasm - definition
Toxoid vaccine
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

2. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
infection process of animal viruses (6)
endospores - definition
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Azithromycin

3. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
spiral
Only humoral - stable
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA

4. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
osmotic lysis
spiral - vibrio
60%; viruses

5. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
actinomycetes (3) - description
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

6. Trichomonas
icosahedron
virology
Staph make it - strep don't
flagella

7. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Tellurite agar
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

8. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
facultative
protista kingdom
single- stranded DNA

9. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
ribosomes - function
aerobic
Staph or H. flu
Parvoviridae

10. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Pseudomonas
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

11. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
chloroplasts - function
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

12. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

13. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
flagella - function
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Protozoan - STD

14. What is the pathophys of mucor
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
pseudopodia
pasteurization

15. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
actinomycetes (3) - description
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Metabolic activity without division

16. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Nematode in undercooked meat

17. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
Reassortment
Toxoid vaccine
10 to 12
Motility - protein

18. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin

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19. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Klebsiella granulomatis

20. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Dipoid RNA
taxonomic hierarchy

21. liver cysts - parasite
Owl's eye inculsions
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Echinococcus granulosus

22. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Candida
Salpingitis
fungi
motility of bacteria

23. What does listeria infection cause
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Koch's Postulates 1
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

24. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
chromosome - description
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

25. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
Actinomyces and nocardia
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Meningococci
Saucer shaped yeast forms

26. Thrush
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
oral yeast infections =

27. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
rough ER
Gardnerella vaginalis
double- stranded DNA

28. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

29. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
animal kingdom
Pseudomonas

30. Blue
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
not acid- fast - colo
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

31. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Doxycycline
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

32. What organisms stain with silver stain
CMV - RSV
Dark field microscopy
assembly (AV)
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella

33. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Entamoeba histolytica
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Mycoplasma

34. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
S. aureus
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
special staining of bacteria
Avain resevoir

35. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Hemagluttin
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
germination
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

36. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Influenza virus
red tide
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

37. When is the AIDS dx made
spiral - spirochete
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
animal kingdom
Bordetella pertussis

38. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
eukaryotic organelles - definition
mitochondria - function

39. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
gram- negative stain - explanation
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
plasmid - definition

40. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
gram- negative cell wall
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

41. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Specialized transduction - an excision event
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Haematobium - bladder

42. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Genetic shift - pandemic
Robert Hooke
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

43. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
spontaneous generation example
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

44. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV

45. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Elevated CRP and ESR
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

46. What animals carry rabies virus
Bat - racoon - skunk
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Actinomyces isreallii

47. Where do CMV cells remain latent
acid- fast organism - definition
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Salpingitis
Mononuclear cells

48. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
VZV - chickenpox
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
differential staining example

49. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
flagella - function
Cryptosporidium
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Endosymbiotic Theory

50. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
protozoa (3)
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome