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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
bacillus
fermentation - definition
actinomycetes (3) - description
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
trichomoniasis symptoms
chlamydia
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Rickettsia rickettsii

3. What bugs are urease pos
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
medical important mycobacteria

4. What animals carry rabies virus
Bat - racoon - skunk
Klebsiella granulomatis
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Cyanophora paradoxa

5. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Pneumoniae and psittaci

6. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
HIV - sexual
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
spontaneous generation

7. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
arrangements - strepto...
Virbrio cholera
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

8. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
lysis
hyperthermophiles
Paragonimus westermani
Only humoral - stable

9. 70S = 30S + 50S
histoplasmosis
what many pathogenic fungi are
staining of bacteria
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

10. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Treponema - primary syphillis
Lymph nodes
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Pasteurella multocida

11. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
not acid- fast - colo
Klebsiella
Type B protease IgA

12. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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13. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
ribosomes - function
Capsid protein
Proteus mirabilis

14. Sporulation
endospores are formed via
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
bacteriophage - definition
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

15. Where do EBV cells remain latent
B cells
HIV - malnutrition - death
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

16. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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17. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
dormant

18. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Koch's Postulates 4
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Virbrio cholera
replication for eukaryotes

19. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Actinomyces isreallii
EBV

20. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
simple staining of bacteria
Hemagluttin
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Pseudemonas aeruginosa

21. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
humans do not have
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid

22. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
H flu type B

23. What is the nl flora in the oropharynx
Viridans group streptococci
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
flagella - function
Clostridium perfringens

24. What is legionnaires disease
Severe pneumonia
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

25. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
Klebsiella granulomatis
mycolic acid - definition
Staph or enteric GNR
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

26. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Viridans group streptococci
E. coli - proteus
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

27. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
ABC

28. Problem with food preservation - canning
botulism
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
methanogens

29. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
complex virus example
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Klebsiella granulomatis

30. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
gram- negative stain - explanation
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
endospores - definition

31. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
S. aureus
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

32. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
mitochondria - function
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Pseudomonas
microaerophilic

33. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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34. What are the lab findings for cholera
Killed viral vaccine
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Histoplasmosis
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

35. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
PCR/Viral load
Mumps virus - mumps
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
how do viruses take over a host cell?

36. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
spiral
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Acute/recent infection
Reoviridae - rotavirus

37. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

38. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
bacteria domain
Many treponemas
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Mycoplasma

39. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits

40. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Immediately upon exposure
algae characteristics (3)
Theory of Biogenesis
Muramic acid

41. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
flaccid paralysis
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
ribosomes - function

42. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Toxoid vaccine
five kingdoms of microorganisms
single- stranded RNA

43. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
trichomoniasis symptoms
Pregnant women

44. Which males have UTIs
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
lipids (fats) =
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis

45. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Sacral ganglia
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

46. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
viral shapes
replication for eukaryotes
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
penetration (AV)

47. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Clostridium tetani
how wine is spoiled
Staph or enteric GNR

48. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Strep bovis - also group D
Pseudomonas
release (B)
VZV - chickenpox

49. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Bacteria - STD
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Heat labile toxin
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

50. What does gonococi cause
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo