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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Virus is engulfed by host cell
mycoplasma (5) - description
osmotic pressure
endocytosis...
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8

2. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Salmonella
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Neuraminidase
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

3. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Measles
Pneumocystis jerovici
bacillus
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

4. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
acid- fast - color
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

5. All living things are composed of cells
Cell Theory
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Coagulation cascade - DIC

6. What virus is in the deltavirus family
H. pylori
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
HDV

7. rubeola - lots of spots
HBV from needle stick
Paramyxovirus; measles
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)

8. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Rabies
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

9. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Serratia marcescens
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
what peptidoglycan is composed of

10. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
cell wall - function
Ancylostoma - necator
HIV - sexual
10 to 12

11. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Beta hemolytic
Pasteurella multocida
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

12. What are the three forms of prion diesase
protozoology
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

13. What organisms stain with silver stain
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Protozoan - STD
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)

14. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
structures of prokaryotic cell
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella

15. Size - cell structure - replication
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
lysozyme
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

16. Grow in very hot conditions
dormant
hyperthermophiles
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

17. What does meningococci cause
Malignant otitis externa
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

18. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Pasteurella multocida
When nutriets are limited

19. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Fungi
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles

20. Comma- shaped
how do viruses take over a host cell?
spiral - vibrio
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma

21. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
chlamydia
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Cell Theory
differential staining example

22. What organisms are encapsulated
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

23. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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24. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
PHV
Cryptosporidium

25. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
cell wall - function
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

26. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
cytoplasm - definition
R. typhi
Group B strep - E. coli

27. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
DNA hepadnavirus
PHV
HIV - AIDS
penetration (AV)

28. Lowercase/italics or underlined
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
replication for eukaryotes
species
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

29. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Klebsiella granulomatis
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
many humans would test antibody positive for this

30. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Yersinia enterocolitica
Sterility
Brucella sp
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

31. Help bacteria to attach to one another
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Francisella tularenis
pili - function
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

32. What organisms stain with india ink
Prompt oral rehydration
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Cryptococcus neoformans
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

33. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
plasmid - definition
Strep pneumo and viridans
polyhedral shape - defintion

34. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Paramyxovirus; measles

35. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
C. perfringens
Strep bovis - also group D
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
endospores are resistant to (4)

36. health care provider
HBV from needle stick
lipids (fats) =
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

37. What is the Ghon complex
gram- positive stain - color
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Yes
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor

38. 25 celsius
how many degrees celsius for mold?
CMV
Treponema
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides

39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
gram- positive stain - color
Salmonella
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Cholesterol

40. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
N. gono causing gono
trichomoniasis...
Acid fast organisms
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

41. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
methanogens
Dipicolinic acid

42. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
actinomycetes (3) - description
acid- fast organism - definition
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep

43. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Staph saprophyticus
Common cold and SARS
Vulvuvaginitis

44. Allows nutrients in - waste out
IVDU
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
cell membrane - function

45. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
cilia
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

46. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
R. prowazekii
rickettsia
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus

47. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
humans do not have
Surfers in the tropics
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
trichomoniasis...

48. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Genetic shift - pandemic
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Children

49. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
Croup - seal like barking cough
structures of prokaryotic cell
Pasteurella multocida
five kingdoms of microorganisms

50. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
osmotic pressure
Sporothrix schenckii
Louis Pasteur
plasmid - function