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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
penetration (B)
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Candida
2. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
3. Virus is engulfed by host cell
Heat labile toxin
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
microbiology
endocytosis...
4. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Pseudomonas
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
5. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Entamoeba hisotlytica
how do viruses take over a host cell?
6. what dpes gp120 do
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Attachment to host T cell
plasmolysis
archaea domain
7. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Rubella german measles
Aseptic meningitis
Proteus mirabilis
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
8. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
Acute/recent infection
spontaneous generation
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Entamoeba hisotlytica
9. Describe the rabies virus
Mycoplasma
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
10. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Aseptic meningitis
mycoplasma (5) - description
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
11. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Tetracycline or erythromycin
halophiles
Gardnerella vaginalis
Toxo crosses the placenta
12. Will show special structures
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
special staining of bacteria
Capsid protein
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
13. What are agryll roberston pupils
Nocardia asteroides
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
biogenesis
14. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Many treponemas
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
15. Rupturing of cell
lysis
chromosome - function
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
16. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Many treponemas
Pneumoniae and psittaci
10 to 12
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
17. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Rabies
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
biogenesis
assembly (AV)
18. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
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19. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Gonococci
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
20. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
21. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
red algae make
flagella - description
CMV
22. What does neg PPD indicated
N. gono causing gono
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
23. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
24. What does coronavirus do
Common cold and SARS
Oral and esophageal thrush
arrangements - diplo
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
25. portal HTN - parasite
osmotic pressure
Virbrio cholera
they are eukaryotes
Schistosoma mansori
26. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Antigen in urine
malaria prevention
Mononuclear cells
27. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
specific
Chlamydia trachomatis
mycology
28. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
10 to 12
Klebsiella pneumo
Antigen associated with core of HBV
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
29. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
assembly (AV)
30. What is weil's disease
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Proteus mirabilis
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
31. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
32. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
mitochondria - function
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
33. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
acid- fast organism - definition
Capsid protein
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
34. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
35. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
B. cereus
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
36. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
John Needham
how wine is spoiled
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
37. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
EBV
John Needham - experiment
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Specialized transduction - an excision event
38. Study of protozoans
Nematode in undercooked meat
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
protozoology
Tellurite agar
39. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
Protein A - S. aureus
eukaryotes
amoebic dynsentry
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
40. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
chromosome - description
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
41. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
differential staining example
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Palivizumab
42. fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or rhizopus
malaria
flagella - function
Rose gardner's
43. Tightly coiled
penetration (AV)
Recombination
spiral - spirochete
Enterobius
44. What does coxaskcievirus do
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
malaria prevention
Borrelia burgdorferi
45. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Double zone of hemolysis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
46. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
giardia
47. trophozoite ring form in RBC
halophiles
Plasmodium
Enterobacter cloacae
E. Coli
48. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Pseudomonas
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
amoebic dynsentry
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
49. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Measles
Anaerobes
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
50. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Paramyxovirus; measles
IVDU
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)