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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Measles rubeola - measles
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
bacteriology
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
2. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Mumps virus - mumps
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Pneumocystis jerovici
3. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Shigella
Toxoplasmosis
Borrelia recurrentis
Streptococcus mutans
4. What does PAS actually stain for
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Robert Hooke
Clonorchis sinensis
5. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Actinomyces
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
6. ____ do no treat viral infections
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
antibiotics
Treponema
Salmonella
7. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Neisseria
When nutriets are limited
Group B strep
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
8. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
Tetracycline or erythromycin
3 groups in archaea
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
eukaryotic organelles (5)
9. Mycotoxin
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
10. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Koch's Postulates 3
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
11. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
12. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Gallbladder
lipids (fats) =
C tetani
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
13. 25 celsius
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
how many degrees celsius for mold?
14. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Clostridium tetani
HHV-8 - KS
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
15. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
3 groups in archaea
Rapid cell division
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
16. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
17. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Fungi
protista kingdom
18. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Capsid protein
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
19. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Bartonella henselae
No - erythromycin
taxonomic hierarchy
20. Sporulation
flagella - description
JC virus causing PML
endospores are formed via
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
21. What does neg PPD indicated
peptidoglycan - definition
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Anaerobes
five kingdoms of microorganisms
22. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
chromosome - function
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
23. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Toxoplasmosis
24. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
flagella - function
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
25. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Many treponemas
26. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Saucer shaped yeast forms
EBV
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
pseudopodia
27. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Bacillus anthracis
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Motility - protein
28. What is pontiac fever
Salmonella
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Legionella
29. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Killed/inactivated
Robert Koch
Mycobacterium
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
30. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
HIV - AIDS
Francisella tularenis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
31. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
what envelope contains
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
germination
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
32. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
Fungi
they are eukaryotes
Cholesterol
33. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Klebsiella granulomatis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
34. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
35. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Common cold
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
36. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
gram stain - definition
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Common cold
37. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Rubella
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
38. What is legionnaires disease
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Severe pneumonia
Campylocobacter jejuni
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
39. What is HBeAg
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
40. What is in pneumovax
IVDU
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Envelope proteins
gram- positive stain - color
41. What is the nl flora on the skin
C. diptheriae
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Antigen associated with core of HBV
S. epidermidis
42. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Toxo crosses the placenta
Louis Pasteur
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
43. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
assembly (B)
Rubella german measles
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
oxygen requirements of bacteria
44. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
45. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
protozoan infections (5)
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
46. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
flagella - description
Influenza virus
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
47. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
smooth ER
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
48. What does rhinovirus do
Common cold
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
simple staining of bacteria
49. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Gallbladder
simple staining of bacteria
50. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Pasteurella multocida
Yes
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A