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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Louis Pasteur
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

2. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Salpingitis
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Resistant
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not

3. pus - empyema - abcess
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
S. aureus
Negative

4. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
algae characteristics (3)
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
eukaryotic organelles - definition

5. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Pseudomonas
ASO titer

6. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Chronic disease - positive during window period
CMV
Salpingitis
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

7. Allgin and carrageenan
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
food thickeners
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Koch's Postulates 3

8. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
protozoan infections (5)
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
M. pneumoniae

9. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Pasteurella multocida
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
PCR/Viral load

10. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
penetration (B)
envelope - definition
Schistosoma haematobium

11. rubella - lots of spots
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Staph or enteric GNR
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Clostridium tetani

12. Multicellular and aerobic
molds
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
ASO titer
Beta hemolytic

13. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Guillain barre
10 to 12

14. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
Candida
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
double- stranded DNA

15. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Silver stain
gas gangrene
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

16. PNA in CF
Prompt oral rehydration
Ancylostoma - necator
Pseudomonas
replication for eukaryotes

17. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
Only humoral - stable
Group B strep
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

18. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
histoplasmosis
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
mycoplasma (5) - description

19. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli

20. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
algae characteristics (3)
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
S. aureus
germination

21. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
replication (B)
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Francisella tularenis
Streptococcus - staphylococus

22. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Pregnant women

23. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
pili - function
capsid - definition
John Needham
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

24. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Louis Pasteur - experiment
HIV - sexual
necrosis
Candida albicans

25. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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26. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Pseudomonas
Clostridium botulinum

27. What are prion disease caused by
HBV from needle stick
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
histoplasmosis

28. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
Cholesterol
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
malaria
Lazzaro Spallanzani

29. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
E. coli
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
hypertonic solution

30. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

31. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Protozoan - STD
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

32. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Hemagluttin
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
cytoplasm - definition

33. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
No cell wall
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Pasteurella multocida

34. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
assembly (B)
Trigeminal ganglia

35. Comma- shaped
spiral - vibrio
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
fermentation - definition
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

36. No metabolic activity
dormant
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
chloroplasts - function
Pseudomonas

37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
EBV

38. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
trichomoniasis...
Cyanophora paradoxa
Genetic shift - pandemic
Strep pneumo and viridans

39. How does urinary tract infection present
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
five kingdoms of microorganisms

40. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
humans do not have
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Transformation or competence

41. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Sacral ganglia
Prompt oral rehydration
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)

42. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

43. Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage - definition
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

44. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
gram- negative cell wall
special staining of bacteria
Streptococcus mutans
Starts quickly and ends quickly

45. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Between 2 and 18 months
icosahedron

46. What are PE signs of PID
Trigeminal ganglia
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Does not ferment sorbitol

47. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Reassortment
<30 - military - prisons
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Rubella - respiratory droplets

48. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Acute/recent infection
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

49. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Francesco Redi
gram- negative stain - explanation
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

50. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Toxo crosses the placenta
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
lipids (fats) =

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Microbiology

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