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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
capsid - definition
Francesco Redi - experiment
Vulvuvaginitis

2. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Haematobium - bladder
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

3. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Cmv
replication (AV)
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

4. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Schistosoma haematobium
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Cell Theory

5. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
All except coxiella are via arthropod

6. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
what envelope contains

7. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Beta hemolytic
Teichoic acid

8. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
helical shape - definition
H flu type B

9. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
plant kingdom

10. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
specialized flagella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Enteroinvasive E. coli
S. aureus

11. 80S = 60S + 40S
HHV 6 - roseola
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
D- K

12. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster

13. Structure unique to some bacteria
lipids (fats) =
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Acid fast organisms
endospores

14. What animals carry rabies virus
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
biogenesis
Beta hemolytic
Bat - racoon - skunk

15. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

16. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
plant kingdom
cell membrane - function
PHV

17. Study of protozoans
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
protozoology
hyperthermophiles
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz

18. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Actinomyces isreallii
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Legionella
chlamydia

19. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Candida albicans

20. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Staph or H. flu
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

21. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
M. tuberculosis
EBV
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia

22. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
No - erythromycin
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
fermentation - definition
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever

23. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Protein A - S. aureus

24. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
ribosomes - function
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Bartonella henselae

25. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Gonococci
Borrelia burgdorferi
Oral and esophageal thrush
Campylocobacter jejuni

26. pus - empyema - abcess
cell wall - function
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
S. aureus
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

27. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

28. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
viruses
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
E. coli

29. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
No envelope
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
biogenesis

30. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Viral gastroenteritis

31. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
gram stain - definition
release (B)

32. What does p24 do
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Capsid protein

33. What are the lab findings for cholera
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
three domains of microorganisms
Killed viral vaccine

34. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Actinomyces
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

35. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
protozoan infections (5)
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Pseudomonas
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

36. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
C. botulinum
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Lepromatous
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

37. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
cytoplasm - definition
acid- fast - color
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
bacteriophage - definition

38. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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39. What does norwalk virus do
Viral gastroenteritis
Mononuclear cells
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

40. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
candidiasis
Nocardia asteroides
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
commercial applications

41. What does poxvirus cause

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42. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
flagella - function
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Doxycycline

43. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Avain resevoir
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
red algae make
Pasteurella multocida

44. What does echovirus do
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Aseptic meningitis
protozoa (3)
what many pathogenic fungi are

45. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
Salpingitis
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Rose gardner's
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma

46. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
humans do not have
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

47. What is the TX for h pylori
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Pseudomonas
HIV - sexual

48. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
giardia
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Enterobacter cloacae

49. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Cigar shaped yeast
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV

50. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Cigar shaped yeast
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Group B strep - E. coli

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Microbiology

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