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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. pos PAS stain

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2. Structure unique to some bacteria
Campylobacter
endospores
Borrelia recurrentis
Specialized transduction - an excision event

3. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
gram- negative stain - explanation

4. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Bartonella sp
Entamoeba histolytica
HBV from needle stick
Candida albicans

5. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
uncoating (AV)
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Only borrelia

6. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Antigen in vaccines
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
trichomoniasis symptoms

7. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
virus example
C. diptheriae
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

8. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Robert Koch
IVDU

9. varicella - lots of spots
capsid is composed of...
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
antibiotics
mycoplasma (5) - description

10. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Crohns or appendicitis
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Resistant

11. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Salpingitis
Antigen in urine
All of them
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

12. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
PHV
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised

13. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
HHV-6 roseola
fungal infection examples (3)
Children

14. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
S. aureus
Fusion and entry
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

15. Helical - polyhedral - complex
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
prokaryotes
viral shapes

16. Prevents contraction of muscles
mycoplasma (5) - description
replication (B)
plant kingdom
flaccid paralysis

17. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
mycolic acid - definition
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
germination

18. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Cholesterol
S. aureus
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

19. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
ribosomes - function
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor

20. Where does group B strep colonize
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
viral shapes
Vagina

21. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Guillain barre
Staph or H. flu
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Reassortment

22. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Common cold and SARS
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Pneumocystis jerovici
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

23. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
tetanus
Dipoid RNA
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

24. What does PAS actually stain for
smooth ER
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
S. aureus
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides

25. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
60%; viruses
peptidoglycan - definition
trichomoniasis...
Shigella

26. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
gram stain - definition
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Campylocobacter jejuni
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

27. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
penetration (B)
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

28. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
assembly (AV)
No envelope

29. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Doxycycline
chloroplasts - function
adsorption (B)

30. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Paracoccidioidomycosis
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

31. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Meningococci
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

32. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
virus example
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

33. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Campylobacter
M. tuberculosis
Sporothrix schenckii

34. currant jelly sputum
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Serratia marcescens
Klebsiella

35. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Lazzaro Spallanzani
envelope is composed of...
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

36. What does catalase do
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
assembly (B)

37. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Salmonella typhi
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

38. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
ribosomes - function
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

39. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Ancylostoma - necator
glycocalyx - function
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
biogenesis

40. What does papillomovirus cause
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

41. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Francesco Redi
M. pneumoniae
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

42. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Bordetella pertussis
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

43. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
capsid is composed of...
peptidoglycan - definition
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Gardnerella vaginalis

44. What can PID cause
HHV-8 - KS
Diphyllobothrium latum
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

45. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
glycocalyx - description
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

46. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Meningococci
penetration (B)
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Mycoplasma - have sterols

47. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Clostridium botulinum
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
E. coli 0157:H7
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

48. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Resistant
structures of prokaryotic cell
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii

49. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Francesco Redi - experiment
Actinomyces isreallii

50. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
specialized flagella
Genetic shift - pandemic
dormant