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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Prompt oral rehydration

2. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
malaria symptoms
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Paramyxovirus; measles

3. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
adsorption (AV)
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
microbiology
John Needham - experiment

4. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Candida albicans
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

5. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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6. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
necrosis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
3 groups in archaea

7. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
gram- positive cell wall
Pneumoniae and psittaci

8. perianal pruritis - parasite
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Enterobius
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits

9. Study of fungi
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
mycology
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
facultative

10. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

11. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
humans do not have
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

12. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Gonococci
bacillus
Silver stain

13. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Klebsiella granulomatis
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella

14. Are there carriers for HDV
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Yes
HEV

15. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
amoebic dynsentry
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Actinomyces and nocardia

16. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Dipoid RNA
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

17. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
uncoating (AV)
Clostridia
EBV
cilia - function

18. PNA in immunCised
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
rough ER
Weil Felix test

19. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Cigar shaped yeast
Many treponemas
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
nucleus

20. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Pneumoniae and psittaci
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Protozoan - STD

21. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
fungi
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart

22. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Severe bacteremia - death
Staph or enteric GNR
Recombination
Neuraminidase

23. Svedberg units
Cell Theory
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Epiglottitis H flu type B
S - definition

24. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
histoplasmosis
100 micrometers
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
No cell wall

25. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
C. botulinum
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

26. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
amoebic dynsentry
Borrelia recurrentis
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
EBV

27. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
botulism
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid

28. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Metronidazole
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Nocardia asteroides
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

29. What are prion disease caused by
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Bacillus anthracis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

30. Death of tissue
H flu type B
necrosis
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

31. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
H flu type B
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Entamoeba histolytica
HBV from needle stick

32. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

33. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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34. CO2 concentration and temperature
Brucella sp
endospores
differential staining example
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

35. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Entertoxigenic E. coli
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV

36. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
HDV
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Lymph nodes
chloroplasts - function

37. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
All of them
malaria
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Actinomyces israeli

38. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cholesterol
M. tuberculosis
Bacillus anthracis

39. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
C tetani
Mucor or rhizopus
Ingestion of preformed toxin
candidiasis

40. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
structures of prokaryotic cell
differential staining of bacteria
HIV - sexual
five kingdoms of microorganisms

41. Pairs
arrangements - diplo
PCR/Viral load
Enterobius
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

42. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Palivizumab
Group B strep
C. perfringens
coccus

43. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
PCR/Viral load
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
pili - function

44. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
CMV - RSV
endospores are resistant to (4)
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

45. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
endospores are resistant to (4)
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Only humoral - stable

46. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
importance of microorganisms
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

47. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

48. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
C. perfringens
endospores
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

49. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
H flu type B
Treponema - primary syphillis
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

50. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
R. prowazekii
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
replication for eukaryotes
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

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Microbiology

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