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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which are the naked viruses
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

2. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
envelope - definition
Koch's Postulates 3
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

3. What does catalase do
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Bartonella sp
Actinomyces
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

4. What are the symptoms of TB
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg

5. What are agryll roberston pupils
release (B)
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Pen

6. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Transformation or competence
Protozoan - STD
C. diff
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

7. What is gardnerella associated with
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Sexual activity - but not an STI
double- stranded RNA
motility of bacteria

8. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease

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9. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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10. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
C. perfringens

11. What is the triad of HUS
glycocalyx - description
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

12. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
infection process of bacteriophage (5)

13. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Koch's Postulates 1
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella

14. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
importance of microorganisms

15. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Virbrio cholera
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
five fields of microbiology

16. hemoptysis - parasite
Paragonimus westermani
Pasteurella multocida
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

17. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
botulism
John Needham - experiment
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
humans do not have

18. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Croup - seal like barking cough
genus
Sexual activity - but not an STI

19. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
acid- fast organism - definition

20. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Legionella
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

21. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
arrangements - strepto...
10 to 12
VZV - chickenpox
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

22. Histoplasmosis
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold

23. What treatment is required for cholera
plasmolysis
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Prompt oral rehydration

24. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Actinomyces isreallii
botulism

25. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
R. typhi
EBV
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

26. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Aerosal - from environmental water source
single- stranded RNA
fermentation - definition

27. Some algae
Actinomyces and nocardia
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
plant kingdom

28. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

29. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Metronidazole
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Anti - HBsAb
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein

30. 25 celsius
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
food thickeners
Capsid protein
how many degrees celsius for mold?

31. What kind of genome does HIV have
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Dipoid RNA
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

32. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
malaria prevention
Entamoeba histolytica
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts

33. Which males have UTIs
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
acid- fast organism - definition

34. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
rickettsia
Parvoviridae
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Parvo - single stranded

35. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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36. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Klebsiella pneumo
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Virbrio cholera

37. What is the TX for candidiasis
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Killed/inactivated

38. 80S = 60S + 40S
biogenesis
Cryptosporidium
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
B. cereus
endospores are formed via
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

40. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Anti - HBsAb
Salmonella
ribosomes - function
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

41. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
fungi kingdom

42. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
single- stranded DNA
gram- positive cell wall
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

43. Chains
Koch's Postulates 3
acid- fast - color
arrangements - strepto...
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

44. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
structures of prokaryotic cell
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Proteus mirabilis
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

46. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Cmv
Bacteria - STD
gram- positive stain - explanation

47. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

48. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Salmonella
Crohns or appendicitis
nucleus
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

49. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Toxplasmosis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Unimmunised kids

50. yeast infection
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
candidiasis
bacteria domain
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common