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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where do RNA viruses replicate
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Capsid protein
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
2. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
flagella - function
Plasmodium
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
what peptidoglycan is composed of
3. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
flagella - function
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
nucleic acid
4. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
John Needham
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Reoviridae - rotavirus
5. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Cryptococcus neoformans
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
protozoology
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
6. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Robert Hooke
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
7. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
taxonomic hierarchy
Protein A - S. aureus
Gardnerella vaginalis
gram- negative stain - color
8. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
JC virus causing PML
Children
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Aerosal - from environmental water source
9. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Cigar shaped yeast
10. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
ASO titer
replication for prokaryotes
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Azithromycin
11. What bugs are urease pos
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Cryptococcus neoformans
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
12. What does Rubella virus cause
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
HBV
13. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
C. perfringens
14. What features are unique to salmonella
Plasmodium
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Bacteria - STD
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
15. Describe the rabies virus
PHV
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
16. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
arrangements - strepto...
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
17. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Louis Pasteur
18. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
B cells
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
19. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
endospores are resistant to (4)
20. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
simple staining of bacteria
antibiotics
flagella - function
21. What is legionnaires disease
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Severe pneumonia
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
22. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
Candida albicans
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
23. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rapid cell division
24. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
helical shape - definition
Reassortment
specialized flagella
25. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Staph saprophyticus
Cell Theory
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
26. What are the killed viral vaccines
endocytosis...
Motility - protein
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
27. What are the markers of Hep immunity
C. perfringens
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Anti - HBsAb
28. Problem with food preservation - canning
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
botulism
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
29. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
B. cereus
uncoating (AV)
Francesco Redi
giardia
30. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
Aseptic meningitis
C. botulinum
spiral
Avain resevoir
31. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Lepromatous
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Treponema - primary syphillis
32. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
aerobic
gram stain - definition
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Acute/recent infection
33. Fever and chills
what envelope contains
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
malaria symptoms
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
34. Bacteriophage
S. aureus
Rickettsia rickettsii
complex virus example
fungi
35. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
CMV - RSV
Rubella german measles
chromosome - description
Paracoccidioidomycosis
36. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
R. prowazekii
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
ASO titer
Gardnerella vaginalis
37. PNA in elderly
penetration (B)
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
gram- negative stain - color
38. What does parainfluenza cause
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
flagella
Croup - seal like barking cough
39. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Actinomyces isreallii
replication (B)
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
40. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Pets - treat with topical azoles
41. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
five fields of microbiology
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
importance of microorganisms
42. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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43. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
fungi
<30 - military - prisons
44. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Lepromatous
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
animal kingdom
45. Thrush
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
oral yeast infections =
Meningococci
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
46. What feature is unique to shigella
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
complex virus example
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
47. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Trigeminal ganglia
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
replication for eukaryotes
Envelope proteins
48. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
biogenesis
C. perfringens
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Salmonella
49. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
double- stranded RNA
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
glycocalyx - description
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
50. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
Negative
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
osmotic pressure