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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
histoplasmosis
Klebsiella pneumo
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
2. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Klebsiella
3. Virus is engulfed by host cell
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
endocytosis...
4. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Trigeminal ganglia
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Anti - HBsAb
5. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Parvoviridae
Mycoplasma - have sterols
bacteria domain
S. aureus
6. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
microbiology
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
HCV
7. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
E. coli 0157:H7
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
protozoan infections (5)
8. How does urinary tract infection present
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
how many degrees celsius for mold?
importance of microorganisms
9. Provides structure
cell wall - function
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
penetration (B)
Acute/recent infection
10. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Killed/inactivated
acid- fast organism - definition
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Serratia marcescens
11. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Bacteria - STD
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
12. Svedberg units
capsid is composed of...
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
S - definition
13. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
specialized flagella
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Group B strep
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
14. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Toxplasmosis
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
John Needham
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
15. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Parvoviridae
16. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Teichoic acid
17. What are the symptoms of TB
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Antigen associated with core of HBV
animal kingdom
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
18. Which bacteria are spirochetes
helical shape - definition
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
icosahedron
19. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Schistosoma haematobium
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Dipicolinic acid
20. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Haematobium - bladder
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Cell Theory
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
21. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Paracoccidioidomycosis
22. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Croup - seal like barking cough
Actinomyces
spontaneous generation example
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
23. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
24. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
3 groups in archaea
Actinomyces isreallii
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
25. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
H. flu
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
26. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
Virbrio cholera
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
polyhedral shape - defintion
CMV
27. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
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28. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Theory of Biogenesis
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
interferon
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
29. PNA in CF
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Cyanophora paradoxa
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Pseudomonas
30. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
characteristics of bacteria (5)
capsid is composed of...
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
bacteriophage - definition
31. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
mycolic acid - definition
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
gram- negative cell wall
Bat - racoon - skunk
32. The host cell's plasma membrane
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
envelope is composed of...
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
33. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Rubella
rough ER
CMV - RSV
34. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
protista kingdom
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Klebsiella
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
35. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
commercial applications
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
double- stranded RNA
36. What does coronavirus do
S. aureus
Common cold and SARS
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
37. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
polyhedral shape - defintion
gram- negative stain - explanation
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
38. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Meningococci
Prompt oral rehydration
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
39. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
what envelope contains
Mucor or rhizopus
40. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
41. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Azithromycin
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
42. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
infection process of animal viruses (6)
HSV-2 - genital herpes
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
43. All living things are composed of cells
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
motility of bacteria
Cell Theory
spiral
44. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
mitochondria - function
Bordetella pertussis
Common cold
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
45. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
HBV
Toxoid vaccine
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
46. surgical wound
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
S. aureus
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
L1 - L2 - L3
47. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
molds
viral shapes
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
48. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Borrelia burgdorferi
Cell Theory
genus
cell wall - function
49. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
HHV 6 - roseola
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Rifampin
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
50. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
replication (AV)
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
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