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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Recombination
staining of bacteria
Acute/recent infection
fermentation - definition
2. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Brucella sp
Pneumoniae and psittaci
bacillus
3. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Pasteurella multocida
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
PCR/Viral load
4. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
100 micrometers
5. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Salmonella
Clostridium botulinum
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
6. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
chromosome - description
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Klebsiella
importance of microorganisms
7. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
mycoplasma (5) - description
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
8. What is the triad of HUS
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
simple staining of bacteria
lysis
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
9. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
10. Which nematodes are ingested
3 groups in archaea
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
11. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
commercial applications
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
halophiles
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
12. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
icosahedron
H. pylori
arrangements of bacteria
D- K
13. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Unimmunised kids
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
14. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
differential staining of bacteria
H. pylori
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
15. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Lymph nodes
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
16. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Louis Pasteur
17. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
smooth ER
capsid - definition
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
acid- fast organism - definition
18. What does poxvirus cause
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19. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Entertoxigenic E. coli
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
20. When is H flu vaccine give
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
No - erythromycin
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Between 2 and 18 months
21. What does p24 do
medical important mycobacteria
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Capsid protein
22. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
23. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Borrelia burgdorferi
what envelope contains
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
24. What are neoplasms associated with HIV
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25. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
algology
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Recombination
Francesco Redi - experiment
26. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
icosahedron
Double zone of hemolysis
27. 37 celsius
Anaerobes
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Tetracycline or erythromycin
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
28. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
29. Requires absence of oxygen
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
anaerobic
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
30. Problem with food preservation - canning
how wine is spoiled
VZV - chickenpox
botulism
Pregnant women
31. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Measles rubeola - measles
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
32. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Campylobacter
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
D- K
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
33. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Yersinia pestis
differential staining example
Malignant otitis externa
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
34. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
uncoating (AV)
Between 2 and 18 months
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
35. What are VRE and What do they cause
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Parvo - single stranded
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
36. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Oral and esophageal thrush
how many degrees celsius for mold?
endospores are resistant to (4)
Toxoplasmosis
37. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Shigella
spontaneous generation example
Mucor or rhizopus
38. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
plasmid - function
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
fimbriae - function
39. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
capsid is composed of...
Schistosoma haematobium
Bartonella henselae
40. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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41. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
specialized flagella
Genetic shift - pandemic
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
42. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
gas gangrene
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
43. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
John Needham
44. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
C. diptheriae
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Muramic acid
45. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
what many pathogenic fungi are
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Entamoeba histolytica
Mumps virus - mumps
46. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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47. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Neisseria
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
48. Structure unique to some bacteria
IVDU
Rapid cell division
endospores
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
49. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
algae characteristics (3)
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
50. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Rabies
C. perfringens
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