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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where do VZV cells remain latent
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
2. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
B cells
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Does not ferment sorbitol
3. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
Toxoid vaccine
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Mycobacterium
Pets - treat with topical azoles
4. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Paragonimus westermani
Actinomyces israeli
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
viruses
5. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
HAV - RNA picornavirus
No cell wall
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
6. No metabolic activity
dormant
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
H. flu
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
7. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
8. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
9. roseola - lots of spots
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
uncoating (AV)
Nocardia asteroides
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
10. Pink
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Metabolic activity without division
acid- fast - color
11. Agar
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
red algae make
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
12. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
cilia
Streptococcus mutans
13. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Cryptosporidium
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
malaria
14. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
arrangements - diplo
nucleic acid
15. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Anaerobes
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Louis Pasteur - experiment
16. Comma- shaped
Mononuclear cells
spiral - vibrio
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
17. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
C. botulinum
C tetani
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Borrelia recurrentis
18. Name the live attenuated vaccines
19. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
how many degrees celsius for mold?
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
20. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Pox - complex
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
C tetani
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
21. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Double zone of hemolysis
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
C. diptheriae
chlamydia
22. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Rubella german measles
flaccid paralysis
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
envelope - definition
23. Will show the difference between two things
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
S. aureus
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
differential staining of bacteria
24. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
peptidoglycan - definition
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
ribosomes - function
H flu type B
25. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
26. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
medical important mycobacteria
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
staining of bacteria
27. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Louis Pasteur
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Klebsiella
fungi
28. What does catalase do
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Robert Koch
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
29. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Oral and esophageal thrush
Theory of Biogenesis
30. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Ring enhancing brain lesions
mitochondria - function
31. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Strep pneumo and viridans
32. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
single- stranded RNA
humans do not have
glycocalyx - description
33. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
Gonococci
animal kingdom
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
34. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
nucleic acid
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Yersinia pestis
35. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
germination
flagella - function
trichomoniasis...
36. Where do DNA viruses replicate
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
37. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
38. What does M protein do - who has it
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
replication for prokaryotes
39. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Strep pneumo and viridans
Dipoid RNA
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
40. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
uncoating (AV)
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
41. Rupturing of cell
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Salmonella
lysis
Cryptosporidium
42. What are agryll roberston pupils
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
arrangements - strepto...
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
43. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
chlamydia
Syphillis - sexual contact
mycology
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
44. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Rubella
45. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
acid- fast - color
what many pathogenic fungi are
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
46. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Fusion and entry
Bartonella sp
47. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Spikes
48. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
necrosis
Staph or enteric GNR
49. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Cell Theory
Serratia
50. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
plasmid - definition