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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Klebsiella
simple staining of bacteria
Acid fast organisms
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
2. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Anaerobes
3. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
4. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
H flu
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
5. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
6. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
7. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
molds
Neuraminidase
protozoan infections (5)
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
8. Tissue died
Staph make it - strep don't
gas gangrene
HHV-8 - KS
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
9. Minor changes based on random mutation
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Genetic drift - epidemic
endospores
Heat labile toxin
10. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
fimbriae - function
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
11. What is the pathophys of mucor
golgi complex - function
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
bacteriophage - definition
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
12. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
plasmolysis
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
H. flu
Staph saprophyticus
13. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
S. epidermidis
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Rubella
Haematobium - bladder
14. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Pseudomonas
Cigar shaped yeast
Toxoplasmosis
15. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Guillain barre
HIV - malnutrition - death
16. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
characteristics of bacteria (5)
pseudopodia
glycocalyx - function
17. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Schistosoma mansori
Dipicolinic acid
Avain resevoir
how do viruses take over a host cell?
18. What can PID cause
HHV-8 - KS
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
19. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Metronidazole
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
20. B12 def - parasite
specialized flagella
Echinococcus granulosus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
21. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
lipids (fats) =
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
22. What does salmonella typhi cause
protista kingdom
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
3 groups in archaea
23. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
24. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Lazzaro Spallanzani
bacteriophage - definition
protozoa (3)
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
25. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
tetanus
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
26. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Elementary body
27. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
Children
Salmonella typhi
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
28. What are the 3 C's for measles
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Anti - HAVAb IgM
29. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
EBV
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
HAV - RNA picornavirus
30. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
31. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Sterility
Actinomyces and nocardia
Entamoeba hisotlytica
acid- fast - color
32. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
H flu type B
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
33. Will show size and arrangement
simple staining of bacteria
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
34. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
release (AV)
35. What does papillomovirus cause
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
uncoating (AV)
eukaryotes
peptidoglycan - definition
36. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
gram- negative stain - color
37. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
single- stranded DNA
H flu type B
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
38. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
39. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
gram stain - definition
Reoviridae - rotavirus
40. What is a positive Monospot test
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Cmv
Epiglottitis H flu type B
41. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Neuraminidase
gram- positive cell wall
Pasteurella multocida
42. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
how do viruses take over a host cell?
fermentation - definition
Vagina
malaria
43. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Neisseria
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
44. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
capsid - function
Haematobium - bladder
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Envelope proteins
45. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
species
46. 1 - 10 micrometers
prokaryotes
taxonomic hierarchy
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
47. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Capsid protein
Gambiense - rhodesiense
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
48. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
gram- negative stain - explanation
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
viruses
Plasmodium
49. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Pox - complex
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
50. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Koch's Postulates 2
Serratia
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS