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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
HCV
Gallbladder
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Pregnant women
2. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
single- stranded RNA
Entamoeba histolytica
actinomycetes (3) - description
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
3. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Bartonella henselae
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Haematobium - bladder
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
4. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Acute/recent infection
5. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Pseudomonas
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
6. What organisms stain with silver stain
Strep bovis - also group D
bacteriology
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
7. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
CMV
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
characteristics of bacteria (5)
8. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
C. diptheriae
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
9. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
10. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Pasteurella multocida
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
11. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
motility of bacteria
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
12. Which are the enteroviruses
glycocalyx - function
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
13. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
ribosomes - function
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
14. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
tetanus
Yeast - protazoan
Salmonella
15. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
16. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Metabolic activity without division
replication (AV)
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
17. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Haematobium - bladder
60%; viruses
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
18. What is the H flu vaccine
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
19. yeast infection
Mumps virus - mumps
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
candidiasis
20. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
cilia - function
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
21. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Tellurite agar
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
22. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
<30 - military - prisons
adsorption (B)
Clostridia
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
23. Which DNA viruses are not linear
H flu
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
S - definition
Rose gardner's
24. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Common cold
capsid - definition
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
25. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission
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26. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
mycolic acid - definition
Metronidazole
Cell Theory
Francesco Redi - experiment
27. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Francesco Redi
M. pneumoniae
C. botulinum
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
28. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
VZV - chickenpox
HHV 6 - roseola
complex virus example
29. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Brucella sp
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
30. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
Doxycycline
3 groups in archaea
single- stranded RNA
cilia
31. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
plant kingdom
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
32. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
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33. roseola - lots of spots
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
CMV retinitis
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
34. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
how wine is spoiled
Rubella
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
35. What does echovirus do
plasmid - function
Motility - protein
Aseptic meningitis
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
36. When is the AIDS dx made
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
malaria
acid- fast organism - definition
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
37. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
peptidoglycan - definition
Viridans group streptococci
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
38. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Cyanophora paradoxa
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Starts quickly and ends quickly
39. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Prompt oral rehydration
differential staining example
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
40. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
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41. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
60%; viruses
EBV
Gambiense - rhodesiense
42. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
<30 - military - prisons
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Actinomyces and nocardia
43. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
mycolic acid - definition
44. How is legionella detected clinically
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
C. diff
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Antigen in urine
45. Which are the herpesviruses
medical important mycobacteria
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
46. ____ do no treat viral infections
John Needham - experiment
antibiotics
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Gambiense - rhodesiense
47. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
differential staining example
special staining of bacteria
endospores
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
48. What are the recombinant vaccines
facultative
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Malignant otitis externa
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
49. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
C. diff
penetration (AV)
50. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
facultative
double- stranded RNA
how do viruses take over a host cell?
HBV