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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. neutropenic pts
Candida and aspergillus
Envelope proteins
Measles
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

2. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

3. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
facultative
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

4. Contains genetic material
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
chromosome - function
double- stranded DNA
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

5. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Measles rubeola - measles
Severe bacteremia - death
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
double- stranded RNA

6. Virus that infects bacteria
arrangements - staphylo
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
molds
bacteriophage - definition

7. How is legionella detected clinically
histoplasmosis
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Antigen in urine

8. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Cmv
Prompt oral rehydration
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

9. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

10. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Motility - protein
Cryptosporidium
complex virus example

11. What does adenovirus cause
endospores
gram- positive stain - explanation
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

12. What organisms stain with PAS

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13. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Pseudomonas
John Needham
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock

14. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
8 - orthomyoxovirus
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
release (B)

15. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
glycocalyx - description
adsorption (AV)
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

16. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Entamoeba hisotlytica

17. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
C. botulinum
Proteus mirabilis
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Toxplasmosis

18. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Pseudomonas
Candida and aspergillus
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

19. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
gram- positive stain - explanation
Toxoid vaccine

20. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Mycobacterium
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Treponema - tertiary syphillis

21. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Rabies
Echinococcus granulosus
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

22. What is a positive Monospot test
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Type B protease IgA
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Palivizumab

23. Herpes - warts
double- stranded DNA
HEV
bacteriology
CMV retinitis

24. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
HIV - AIDS
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

25. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Nocardia asteroides
trichomoniasis...
assembly (AV)
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather

26. PNA in elderly
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
they are eukaryotes
Aerosal - from environmental water source
gram- negative cell wall

27. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

28. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

29. What is HBeAg
Cyanophora paradoxa
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
antibiotics

30. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
H flu type B
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Genetic shift - pandemic

31. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Cell Theory
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

32. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Haematobium - bladder
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

33. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
humans do not have

34. What are the gram pos bacilli
simple staining of bacteria
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
VZV - chickenpox

35. How is legionella transmitted
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Aerosal - from environmental water source
endospores are formed via
single- stranded RNA

36. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Rifampin
Pseudomonas
yeast
Gambiense - rhodesiense

37. varicella - lots of spots
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
H flu

38. Which are the enteroviruses
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Anaerobes
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

39. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Klebsiella
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Actinomyces israeli
Pasteurella multocida

40. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Cmv
Severe pneumonia

41. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
flagella - function
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Klebsiella

42. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
single- stranded RNA
CMV retinitis
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
glycocalyx - description

43. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
special staining of bacteria
Silver stain
Bacillus anthracis
Serratia marcescens

44. 37 celsius
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides

45. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
John Needham - experiment
Metronidazole
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

46. What is the nl flora on the skin
capsid is composed of...
S. epidermidis
flagella - description
Gallbladder

47. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
plasmolysis

48. Require high salt concentrations
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
halophiles
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

49. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Serratia
M. tuberculosis
flagella - function
infection process of bacteriophage (5)

50. What are agryll roberston pupils
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
IgG Anti - HBcAg
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis