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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Bartonella sp
what envelope contains
Neisseria
2. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
bacteria domain
Staph make it - strep don't
lysozyme
3. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Lymph nodes
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
4. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
penetration (B)
Mycobacterium
taxonomic hierarchy
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
5. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
R. prowazekii
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
6. What is the main complication of mumps
Sterility
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Genetic shift - pandemic
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
7. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
Recombination
C tetani
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
lipids (fats) =
8. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Virbrio cholera
JC virus causing PML
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
9. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
specialized flagella
algology
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
10. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
myc/myo means
methanogens
3 groups in archaea
11. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
microaerophilic
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Many treponemas
tetanus
12. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Crohns or appendicitis
EBV
Mycoplasma
H flu type B
13. Purple
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Azithromycin
gram- positive stain - color
Brucella sp
14. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Fungi
spiral - vibrio
15. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Tetracycline or erythromycin
bacteria domain
endospores - definition
16. Virus that infects bacteria
C tetani
Vagina
bacteriophage - definition
bacteriology
17. Bacteriophage
monera kingdom
Owl's eye inculsions
Epiglottitis H flu type B
complex virus example
18. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Metronidazole
spontaneous generation example
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Mycobacterium
19. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Teichoic acid
Cryptosporidium
Campylobacter
20. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Mycoplasma
21. How does TSST work
peptidoglycan - definition
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
food thickeners
Actinomyces israeli
22. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
Protozoan - STD
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Yersinia pestis
Salmonella typhi
23. All living things are composed of cells
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Cell Theory
botulism
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
24. What is the H flu vaccine
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Pseudomonas
25. Spiral
histoplasmosis
spiral - spirillum
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
26. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
N. gono causing gono
HCV
bacteriophage - definition
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
27. atypical PNA
Chlamydia trachomatis
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
28. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
cell membrane - definition
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Ancylostoma - necator
29. meningitis in >60
Staph or enteric GNR
Vulvuvaginitis
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
30. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
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31. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Lepromatous
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Palivizumab
32. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Francesco Redi - experiment
microaerophilic
Nematode in undercooked meat
10 to 12
33. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
cytoplasm - definition
fimbriae - function
E. coli - proteus
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
34. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Meningococci
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
botulism
Does not ferment sorbitol
35. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Weil Felix test
Trigeminal ganglia
HHV-6 roseola
replication for prokaryotes
36. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
algology
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
37. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
cilia - function
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
38. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
Severe bacteremia - death
N. gono causing gono
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
39. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Common cold
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
40. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
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41. What kind of genome does HIV have
spiral - spirillum
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Dipoid RNA
Weil Felix test
42. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
Dark field microscopy
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
lysis
43. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Streptococcus mutans
Envelope proteins
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
44. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
plasmid - definition
production of beer and wine
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
45. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Legionella
bacteria domain
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
46. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
endospores are resistant to (4)
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
eukaryotic organelles - definition
47. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
hypertonic solution
Clindamycin or ampicillin
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Cmv
48. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Echinococcus granulosus
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Influenza virus
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
49. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
Doxycycline
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
double- stranded RNA
50. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
lysis
polyhedral shape - defintion
protozoa (3)
Ancylostoma - necator
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