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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
S. aureus
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Streptococcus mutans
2. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
E. Coli
Haematobium - bladder
Doxycycline
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
3. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Koch's Postulates 2
4. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
how many degrees celsius for mold?
E. coli - proteus
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
5. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
adsorption (B)
6. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Clostridium botulinum
penetration (AV)
Avain resevoir
7. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Reoviridae - rotavirus
ABC
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
8. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
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9. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
HBV from needle stick
C. diptheriae
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
monera kingdom
10. 25 celsius
how many degrees celsius for mold?
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
11. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Borrelia recurrentis
Pregnant women
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Rabies
12. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Trigeminal ganglia
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
13. Which nematodes are ingested
Sacral ganglia
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
14. What organisms stain with silver stain
10 to 12
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
pili - function
15. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
CMV retinitis
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Rubella german measles
16. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
Coagulation cascade - DIC
peptidoglycan - definition
Candida
17. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Anti - HBsAb
Double zone of hemolysis
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
18. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Does not ferment sorbitol
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
19. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
amoebic dynsentry
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
20. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
capsid is composed of...
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
21. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
22. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
endospores are resistant to (4)
Starts quickly and ends quickly
N. gono causing gono
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
23. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
No cell wall
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
osmotic pressure
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
24. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
infection process of animal viruses (6)
actinomycetes (3) - description
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
25. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Nocardia asteroides
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
bacillus
26. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
capsid is composed of...
Pseudomonas
Entamoeba hisotlytica
27. What stain shows legionella
Serratia marcescens
yeast
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Silver stain
28. atypical PNA
red algae make
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Severe bacteremia - death
29. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
assembly (B)
actinomycetes (3) - description
E. Coli
Double zone of hemolysis
30. What are agryll roberston pupils
mitochondria - function
Measles
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Shigella
31. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
pseudopodia
ribosomes - function
B. cereus
32. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
spontaneous generation example
Severe pneumonia
rickettsia
33. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
gram- positive stain - explanation
Robert Koch
Cell Theory
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
34. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
35. Allgin and carrageenan
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
flaccid paralysis
food thickeners
Transformation or competence
36. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Tellurite agar
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
specific
37. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
lipids (fats) =
lysozyme
flagella - function
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
38. The host cell's plasma membrane
Lepromatous
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
envelope is composed of...
HDV
39. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Muramic acid
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
40. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Pasteurella multocida
yeast
41. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Mycobacterium
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
42. What are gp120 and gp41 together
100 micrometers
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Envelope proteins
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
43. Grow in very hot conditions
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
hyperthermophiles
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
44. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Vulvuvaginitis
Elementary body
malaria
fermentation - definition
45. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Louis Pasteur
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
46. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Silver stain
47. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
10 to 12
Borrelia burgdorferi
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Treponema
48. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Avain resevoir
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Actinomyces israeli
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
49. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Chlamydia trachomatis
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Antigen in urine
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
50. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
envelope - definition
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine