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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
anaerobic
Transformation or competence
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8

2. Trichomonas
M. tuberculosis
flagella
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
eukaryotic organelles - definition

3. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Neisseria
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Salmonella
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis

4. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Toxoplasmosis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Campylobacter
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

5. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

6. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Avain resevoir
fungal infection examples (3)
specialized flagella

7. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
helical shape - definition
Pregnant women
release (AV)
C. diptheriae

8. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
S. aureus
Hemagluttin
S. epidermidis
R. typhi

9. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
S - definition

10. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Rickettsia rickettsii
hypotonic solution
Metronidazole

11. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
fungal infection examples (3)
Enterobacter cloacae
Streptococcus - staphylococus
assembly (B)

12. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
red tide

13. Binary fission + cytokinesis
replication for prokaryotes
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
candidiasis

14. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
special staining of bacteria

15. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
commercial applications
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
PHV
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

16. Spiral
spiral - spirillum
Actinomyces isreallii
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
fungi kingdom

17. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Staph or H. flu
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Neuraminidase

18. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
Antigen in vaccines
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

19. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
biogenesis
10 to 12
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

20. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Pneumocystis jerovici

21. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
Aerosal - from environmental water source
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
chlamydia
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not

22. Postviral PNA
germination
Staph or H. flu
3 groups in archaea
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

23. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Only borrelia
Recombination
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Bacillus anthracis

24. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Rifampin

25. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Killed/inactivated

26. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Theory of Biogenesis
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
giardia

27. What kind of genome does HIV have
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Dipoid RNA
microaerophilic

28. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Elevated CRP and ESR
taxonomic hierarchy

29. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
<30 - military - prisons
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

30. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
S. aureus

31. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Weil Felix test
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts

32. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

33. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Ancylostoma - necator
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Treponema - tertiary syphillis

34. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Campylocobacter jejuni
Entamoeba histolytica
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Rubella - respiratory droplets

35. HaemoPhilus causes....
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Children
motility of bacteria
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides

36. Svedberg units
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
S - definition
plant kingdom
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact

37. What bugs are urease pos
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
VZV - chickenpox
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

38. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Muramic acid
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Transformation or competence

39. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Schistosoma haematobium
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
rough ER
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

40. Study of viruses
virology
glycocalyx - description
not acid- fast - colo
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

41. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
Mycoplasma
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Specialized transduction - an excision event
bacteriology

42. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
cytoplasm - definition
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
interferon
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

43. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
All except coxiella are via arthropod
cytoplasm - definition

44. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Crohns or appendicitis
Ancylostoma - necator
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
HSV-2 - genital herpes

45. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
peptidoglycan - definition
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
oral yeast infections =
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

46. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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47. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
capsid - function
Klebsiella granulomatis
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
cytoplasm - definition

48. Spherical
coccus
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

49. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Only humoral - stable
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV

50. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Heat labile toxin
hyperthermophiles