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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
HCV
specific
structures of prokaryotic cell
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

2. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
monera kingdom
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
arrangements of bacteria

3. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
John Needham - experiment
protozoa (3)
adsorption (AV)
Rubella german measles

4. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Spikes
Cholesterol
Sacral ganglia

5. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
Motility - protein
spiral - spirillum
Avain resevoir
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

6. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
trichomoniasis...
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Dark field microscopy

7. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
spiral - spirochete
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
microaerophilic

8. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
100 micrometers
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
pili - function

9. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Croup - seal like barking cough
Elevated CRP and ESR
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes

10. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Borrelia recurrentis
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Rapid cell division
Syphillis - sexual contact

11. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Only borrelia
Doxycycline

12. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Endosymbiotic Theory
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

13. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
arrangements - strepto...
HEV
Gonococci
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

14. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
Yeast - protazoan
hypertonic solution
structures of prokaryotic cell
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

15. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Actinomyces isreallii
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Entamoeba histolytica

16. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Shigella
Enterobacter cloacae
Streptococcus mutans
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

17. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Louis Pasteur
eukaryotic organelles - definition
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Surfers in the tropics

18. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Immediately upon exposure
virology
Elementary body

19. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
Koch's Postulates 2
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
JC virus causing PML

20. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

21. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
H. pylori
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
polyhedral shape - defintion
tetanus

22. Allgin and carrageenan
food thickeners
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
lipids (fats) =
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

23. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
adsorption (AV)
Shigella
Fungi
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

24. Which are the enteroviruses
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
C. perfringens
Salpingitis

25. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Dipoid RNA
Genetic shift - pandemic
Lactose fermenting enterics
single- stranded DNA

26. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Avain resevoir
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
what many pathogenic fungi are
C. perfringens

27. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Pasteurella multocida
Nocardia asteroides
Toxoplasmosis
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

28. dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
histoplasmosis
adsorption (B)
Neuraminidase

29. Multicellular and aerobic
molds
Attachment to host T cell
Gonococci
flaccid paralysis

30. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Weil Felix test
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
arrangements - staphylo

31. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Resistant

32. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
gram stain - definition
S - definition
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
ribosomes - function

33. Sporulation
Mononuclear cells
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
endospores are formed via
Dark field microscopy

34. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
Sexual activity - but not an STI
gram- positive cell wall
Histoplasmosis
importance of microorganisms

35. neutropenic pts
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Candida and aspergillus
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

36. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Reassortment
Cyanophora paradoxa
arrangements of bacteria

37. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Candida and aspergillus
endoplasmic reticulum - definition

38. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Weil Felix test
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
E. Coli

39. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Chronic disease - positive during window period
C. diptheriae
facultative
Robert Hooke

40. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Coagulation cascade - DIC
gas gangrene

41. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
cell membrane - definition
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

42. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

43. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Clonorchis sinensis
chemical synthesis...
eukarya domain

44. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
giardia
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

45. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Borrelia burgdorferi
M. kansasii
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Chronic disease - positive during window period

46. Prokaryotes
Severe pneumonia
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
L1 - L2 - L3
bacteria domain

47. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
VZV - chickenpox
Borrelia recurrentis
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
gram- positive cell wall

48. What treatment is required for cholera
JC virus causing PML
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Prompt oral rehydration
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

49. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
pseudopodia
Pasteurella multocida
eukarya domain
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

50. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Only borrelia
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides