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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. bilateral bells palsy
Rickettsia rickettsii
Borrelia burgdorferi
Vulvuvaginitis
HHV-6 roseola

2. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer

3. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
endospores - definition
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
protozoa (3)
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

4. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Treponema - primary syphillis
polyhedral shape - defintion
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Lower lobe

5. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
Shigella
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
nucleic acid

6. Apiration PNA - orgs
Anaerobes
staining of bacteria
Owl's eye inculsions
Cryptosporidium

7. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
halophiles
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
chloroplasts - function
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

8. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
chlamydia
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Elementary body
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

9. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
C tetani
Clostridium botulinum
microbiology

10. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
prokaryotes
Superantigen
ribosomes - function

11. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
osmotic lysis
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

12. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
flaccid paralysis
specialized flagella

13. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
cell membrane - definition
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
how wine is spoiled

14. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Cryptococcus neoformans
antibiotics
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Salmonella

15. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
fermentation - definition
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Pneumoniae and psittaci
actinomycetes (3) - description

16. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
HIV - AIDS
characteristics of bacteria (5)

17. PNA in elderly
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
tetanus

18. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
fungi kingdom

19. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Schistosoma haematobium
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans

20. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Muramic acid
Transformation or competence
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

21. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
replication for prokaryotes
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
trichomoniasis...

22. Sporulation
Sporothrix schenckii
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
endospores are formed via
Epiglottitis H flu type B

23. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Mumps virus - mumps
Salmonella typhi

24. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
simple staining of bacteria
Dipicolinic acid
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
R. typhi

25. Help bacteria to attach to one another
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
pili - function
Koch's Postulates 2
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

26. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Cryptosporidium
replication (B)
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

27. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Rubella

28. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Mucor or rhizopus
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
microaerophilic
Mononuclear cells

29. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
DNA hepadnavirus
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons

30. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
specialized flagella
E. coli - proteus
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Pen

31. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
special staining of bacteria
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
ribosomes - function

32. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Prompt oral rehydration
ASO titer
fungal infection examples (3)
acid- fast organism - definition

33. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Serratia
Influenza virus
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

34. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
Candida
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

35. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Toxplasmosis
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
chlamydia
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

36. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
Clostridia
C tetani
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

37. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Salmonella
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
L1 - L2 - L3
VZV - chickenpox

38. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Klebsiella
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

39. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
spontaneous generation example
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

40. What treatment is required for cholera
Prompt oral rehydration
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
replication for eukaryotes
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

41. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
L1 - L2 - L3
Metabolic activity without division
CMV

42. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
S - definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
E. coli 0157:H7
M. kansasii

43. What is the nl flora on the skin
S. epidermidis
Rubella - respiratory droplets
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
gram- negative stain - explanation

44. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
Koch's Postulates 3
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Recombination

45. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Viridans group streptococci
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
germination

46. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
glycocalyx - function
Acid fast organisms
Clostridia
Paragonimus westermani

47. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
bacteriophage - definition
Metronidazole
adsorption (AV)
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid

48. What is the TX for rickettsiae
not acid- fast - colo
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Doxycycline

49. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
release (B)
Cmv
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

50. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Schistosoma haematobium
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Doxycycline