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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Superantigen
characteristics of bacteria (5)
2. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
special staining of bacteria
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Viridans group streptococci
3. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
specific
glycocalyx - description
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Bartonella sp
4. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Sporothrix schenckii
Actinomyces and nocardia
Metronidazole
5. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
B. cereus
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
HBV from needle stick
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
6. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
7. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
cell wall - function
Lymph nodes
S. aureus
<30 - military - prisons
8. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Histoplasmosis
specific
9. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
eukaryotic organelles - definition
C tetani
Guillain barre
10. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
11. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
EBV
John Needham - experiment
Doxycycline
Theory of Biogenesis
12. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
S - definition
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
13. 70S = 30S + 50S
Rubella
H. pylori
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
14. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
trichomoniasis symptoms
Salpingitis
Toxplasmosis
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
15. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
commercial applications
16. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Common cold and SARS
Brucella sp
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
17. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Surfers in the tropics
Killed/inactivated
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Salmonella
18. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
arrangements - strepto...
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
gram- negative cell wall
red tide
19. 25 celsius
Measles rubeola - measles
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
how many degrees celsius for mold?
PCR/Viral load
20. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
21. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
osmotic pressure
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Sporothrix schenckii
plasmid - function
22. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Campylocobacter jejuni
Shigella
23. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
S - definition
single- stranded RNA
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
24. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Mycoplasma - have sterols
amoebic dynsentry
25. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
26. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
halophiles
fimbriae - function
Dipicolinic acid
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
27. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Strep pneumo and viridans
28. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Metronidazole
Robert Koch
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
29. Where do DNA viruses replicate
replication for eukaryotes
Borrelia burgdorferi
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Beta hemolytic
30. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
trichomoniasis symptoms
Koch's Postulates 3
rickettsia
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
31. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
gram- positive stain - explanation
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Gallbladder
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
32. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Enterobius
eukaryotic organelles - definition
mycoplasma (5) - description
histoplasmosis
33. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Clostridium tetani
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
34. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
plasmid - function
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Acid fast organisms
PCR/Viral load
35. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Entamoeba hisotlytica
36. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
hypertonic solution
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
three domains of microorganisms
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
37. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
S. aureus
botulism
Paramyxovirus; measles
38. What stain shows legionella
capsid - function
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Silver stain
39. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
microaerophilic
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
40. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
Food - fingers - feces - flies
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
hypotonic solution
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
41. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Transformation or competence
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
chemical synthesis...
42. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
cytoplasm - definition
43. What organisms are encapsulated
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
44. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Campylocobacter jejuni
45. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
double- stranded RNA
single- stranded DNA
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
JC virus causing PML
46. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
replication (B)
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
47. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
antibiotics
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Staph or H. flu
Robert Koch
48. Multicellular and aerobic
humans do not have
molds
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
49. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
gram stain - definition
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
50. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Clostridium botulinum
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
coccus