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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
antibiotics
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
protozoa (3)

2. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
endospores are formed via
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Toxplasmosis

3. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Clonorchis sinensis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

4. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

5. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
C tetani
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

6. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

7. Study of protozoans
S. aureus
protozoology
Staph or enteric GNR
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

8. What is the TX for chlamydia
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Azithromycin
Louis Pasteur
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

9. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
C. botulinum
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

10. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb

11. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
M. avium intracellulare
Viral gastroenteritis

12. Unicellular and facultative
yeast
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
replication for prokaryotes
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone

13. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Cell Theory
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

14. Help bacteria to attach to one another
pili - function
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
icosahedron
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

15. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Toxplasmosis
Acid fast organisms
Palivizumab
Campylocobacter jejuni

16. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Cholesterol
Koch's Postulates 4
Anaerobes
Louis Pasteur - experiment

17. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Borrelia burgdorferi

18. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Mucor or rhizopus
Only humoral - stable
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

19. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
smooth ER

20. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
H flu type B
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
simple staining of bacteria

21. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
gas gangrene
specialized flagella
capsid - function
M. tuberculosis

22. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Teichoic acid
Parvo - single stranded

23. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
replication (AV)

24. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
fungi kingdom
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
bacteria domain

25. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
tetanus
HDV
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes

26. bilateral bells palsy
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Borrelia burgdorferi
Schistosoma haematobium
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

27. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
fimbriae - function
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
coccus

28. Require high salt concentrations
B. cereus
malaria prevention
Only humoral - stable
halophiles

29. Contains genetic material
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
chromosome - function
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
C. perfringens

30. meningitis in >60
chromosome - description
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Ancylostoma - necator
flagella

31. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Only humoral - stable
chloroplasts - function
C. perfringens

32. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Killed viral vaccine
capsid - definition
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
pili - function

33. What organisms are encapsulated
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Teichoic acid
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

34. Related to a fungus
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Dipoid RNA
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
myc/myo means

35. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
plasmolysis

36. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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37. What does salmonella typhi cause
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
nucleic acid
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen

38. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Toxoid vaccine
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

39. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

40. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
coccus
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

41. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Pseudomonas
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

42. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Protein A - S. aureus
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Prompt oral rehydration
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

43. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Pox - complex

44. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
C. perfringens
Vulvuvaginitis
Rapid cell division
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

45. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Lactose fermenting enterics
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
food thickeners
Louis Pasteur

46. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
virology
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

47. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
HHV-8 - KS
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

48. What does aspergillus cause

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49. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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50. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
envelope - definition
species
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption