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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Many treponemas

2. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Tetracycline or erythromycin
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
gram- negative cell wall

3. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Schistosoma haematobium
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Chronic disease - positive during window period

4. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Antigen in urine
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Hemagluttin
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

5. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Strep bovis - also group D
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

6. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Cyanophora paradoxa
C tetani
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

7. What are agryll roberston pupils
animal kingdom
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

8. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Oral and esophageal thrush
chlamydia
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
chloroplasts - function

9. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Koch's Postulates 2
Fungi
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

10. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
Resistant
glycocalyx - description
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
candidiasis

11. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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12. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Crohns or appendicitis
Gardnerella vaginalis
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

13. Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage - definition
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
gram stain - definition

14. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
specialized flagella
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
H. flu

15. Pairs
No - erythromycin
monera kingdom
All except coxiella are via arthropod
arrangements - diplo

16. What does aspergillus cause

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17. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
methanogens
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
osmotic lysis

18. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
R. typhi
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

19. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Entamoeba hisotlytica
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
yeast

20. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

21. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
envelope - definition
Gambiense - rhodesiense
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

22. What is the nl flora in the nose
what envelope contains
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
five kingdoms of microorganisms
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

23. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
CMV retinitis
Recombination
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Pneumoniae and psittaci

24. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
gram- positive stain - explanation
capsid - definition
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Pasteurella multocida

25. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
C tetani
Robert Hooke

26. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Staph saprophyticus
Toxoid vaccine
Negative
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

27. How does urinary tract infection present
peptidoglycan - definition
Lactose fermenting enterics
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

28. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
R. prowazekii
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
lysis
Klebsiella granulomatis

29. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

30. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
differential staining example
C. diff
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

31. What are PE signs of PID
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

32. Chemical synthesis and food industry
adsorption (B)
osmotic pressure
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
commercial applications

33. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Candida and aspergillus
anaerobic
Toxo crosses the placenta

34. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Hemagluttin
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

35. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Elementary body
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Staph or H. flu

36. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
anaerobic
how many degrees celsius for mold?

37. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Dipicolinic acid

38. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Sacral ganglia
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Mycoplasma - have sterols
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
cell wall - function
Rubella
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Ancylostoma - necator

40. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Yeast - protazoan
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Entertoxigenic E. coli

41. Study of protozoans
60%; viruses
three domains of microorganisms
protozoology
Rickettsia rickettsii

42. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Rapid cell division
Metabolic activity without division

43. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
flagella - description
Lactose fermenting enterics
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

44. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide

45. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Specialized transduction - an excision event
eukaryotic organelles (5)
microbiology
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

46. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Antigen in vaccines
Koch's Postulates 1

47. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Only humoral - stable
Prompt oral rehydration
Avain resevoir

48. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Staph or enteric GNR
S. aureus

49. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
H. pylori
chlamydia
Children

50. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Clostridium botulinum
tetanus