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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Ancylostoma - necator
E. coli - proteus
H flu
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

2. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

3. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
C. diptheriae
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Staph or H. flu
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein

4. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Lepromatous
Echinococcus granulosus
red tide
Antigen in vaccines

5. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
Enteroinvasive E. coli
mycoplasma (5) - description
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Entamoeba hisotlytica

6. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Antigen in urine
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein

7. Unicellular and facultative
Neisseria
specialized flagella
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
yeast

8. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
E. coli
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

9. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
penetration (B)
glycocalyx - function
10%; viral
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

10. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Dipoid RNA
chromosome - function
Cyanophora paradoxa
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

11. Paramecium
Cryptococcus neoformans
Bacteria - STD
cilia
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

12. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
100 micrometers
Group B strep - E. coli

13. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
spiral - spirillum
Candida albicans
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Bartonella sp

14. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Paramyxovirus; measles
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

15. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
Mycobacterium
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Strep bovis - also group D
Hemagluttin

16. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Antigen in urine
Gallbladder

17. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
eukaryotes
Brucella sp
Cmv
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not

18. Study of viruses
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Borrelia burgdorferi
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
virology

19. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Candida and aspergillus
species

20. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Acid fast organisms

21. Which are the enteroviruses
C. diff
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV

22. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
60%; viruses
trichomoniasis...
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus

23. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Does not ferment sorbitol
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
HIV - sexual
H flu

24. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
malaria
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
eukarya domain
Lepromatous

25. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
S. aureus
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts

26. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
mitochondria - function
Mycoplasma - have sterols
polyhedral shape - defintion

27. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
germination
HBV from needle stick
Muramic acid
Viral gastroenteritis

28. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
plasmid - function

29. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Parvoviridae
Meningococci
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

30. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Azithromycin
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Pasteurella multocida
flagella - function

31. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
mycology
endospores are resistant to (4)
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
endospores - definition

32. portal HTN - parasite
Schistosoma mansori
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Only humoral - stable

33. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
plasmid - function
Robert Koch
Lactose fermenting enterics

34. burns or air
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Actinomyces and nocardia
Pseudomonas
mycology

35. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
lysozyme
Transformation or competence
cilia
IVDU

36. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
double- stranded DNA
Food - fingers - feces - flies
osmotic pressure

37. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
chemical synthesis...
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
gram- negative stain - color
methanogens

38. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Serratia marcescens
aerobic
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

39. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
nucleus
Entamoeba histolytica
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep

40. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
three domains of microorganisms
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Resistant
Coagulation cascade - DIC

41. varicella - lots of spots
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

42. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
nucleic acid
M. avium intracellulare

43. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
archaea domain
Campylocobacter jejuni
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

44. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
B cells
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
myc/myo means
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

45. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

46. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Klebsiella
HIV - sexual
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

47. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Treponema - tertiary syphillis

48. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
endospores are formed via

49. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
Bat - racoon - skunk
fimbriae - function
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

50. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
single- stranded RNA
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis