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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. yeast and mold
Muramic acid
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
2. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
uncoating (AV)
3. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Oral and esophageal thrush
HCV
Enterobacter cloacae
4. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Genetic shift - pandemic
Viridans group streptococci
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
5. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Transformation or competence
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
6. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Heat labile toxin
ribosomes - function
single- stranded RNA
7. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
C. perfringens
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
8. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
B cells
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Rubella - respiratory droplets
No cell wall
9. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Bacterial superinfection
John Needham
E. coli 0157:H7
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
10. How is legionella detected clinically
John Needham
Pseudomonas
Antigen in urine
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
11. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
polyhedral shape - defintion
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
eukarya domain
Mycoplasma - have sterols
12. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Double zone of hemolysis
amoebic dynsentry
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Motility - protein
13. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Klebsiella granulomatis
Metabolic activity without division
Koch's Postulates 2
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
14. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
CMV - RSV
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Yes
15. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Klebsiella
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
cell wall - function
16. What features are unique to salmonella
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
17. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Crohns or appendicitis
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
18. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Mycobacterium
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
19. Lowercase/italics or underlined
Genetic shift - pandemic
Cryptosporidium
species
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
20. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Syphillis - sexual contact
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Cryptosporidium
21. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Superantigen
Spikes
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
22. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Dipoid RNA
Cyanophora paradoxa
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
CMV
23. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
aerobic
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Pen
24. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Rifampin
H. flu
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
25. hemoptysis - parasite
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Paragonimus westermani
26. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
amoebic dynsentry
rough ER
capsid - function
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
27. traumatic open wound
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
C. perfringens
Plasmodium
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
28. What does coronavirus do
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Common cold and SARS
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
29. Herpes - warts
dormant
double- stranded DNA
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Actinomyces and nocardia
30. microcytic anemia - parasite
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Ancylostoma - necator
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
31. 10 - 100 micrometers
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Avain resevoir
eukaryotes
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
32. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Clostridium botulinum
33. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Genetic shift - pandemic
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Actinomyces and nocardia
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
34. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
H flu
Muramic acid
Staph or H. flu
Virbrio cholera
35. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Clostridium tetani
36. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
amoebic dynsentry
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Muramic acid
37. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Candida
they are eukaryotes
38. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
chromosome - function
flagella - function
Toxoid vaccine
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
39. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Owl's eye inculsions
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
E. coli - proteus
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
40. What is the nl flora on the skin
S. epidermidis
actinomycetes (3) - description
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
No envelope
41. Capitalized/italics or underlined
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
genus
oxygen requirements of bacteria
basic shapes of bacteria
42. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
chlamydia
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
43. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Superantigen
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Clostridium botulinum
44. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Koch's Postulates 1
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Crohns or appendicitis
45. What bug produces a red pigment
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Serratia
capsid is composed of...
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
46. How is legionella transmitted
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Aerosal - from environmental water source
double- stranded RNA
HEV
47. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
48. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Resistant
histoplasmosis
49. What does neg PPD indicated
cilia
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Recombination
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
50. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV