SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
replication (AV)
bacteriology
2. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
aerobic
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
3. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Parvo - single stranded
Actinomyces and nocardia
species
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
4. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
IVDU
flagella - function
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
halophiles
5. What viruses make up the arena virus family
Saucer shaped yeast forms
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Guillain barre
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
6. liver cysts - parasite
Genetic drift - epidemic
Salmonella
Toxo crosses the placenta
Echinococcus granulosus
7. Sick cell trait
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
ribosomes - function
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
microaerophilic
8. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Clostridium tetani
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
9. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
virus example
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Pox - complex
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
10. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Entertoxigenic E. coli
No - erythromycin
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
11. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
12. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Pneumoniae and psittaci
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
13. taenia solium - tricky Ts
Nucleus - except parvovirus
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Guillain barre
14. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
gram- negative cell wall
Chronic disease - positive during window period
trichomoniasis...
15. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Spikes
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
penetration (B)
Actinomyces
16. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Viral gastroenteritis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
60%; viruses
17. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
flagella - description
three domains of microorganisms
Pneumocystis jerovici
18. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Rickettsia rickettsii
Envelope proteins
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
19. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
malaria
20. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Haematobium - bladder
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
21. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Unimmunised kids
Cmv
chromosomes in nucleus are...
viral shapes
22. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Superantigen
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
23. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Motility - protein
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
24. rubeola - lots of spots
CMV - RSV
Genetic shift - pandemic
Paramyxovirus; measles
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
25. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Muramic acid
endocytosis...
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
26. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
double- stranded DNA
Group B strep
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
27. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
cilia
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
28. What does p24 do
eukaryotes
Capsid protein
five fields of microbiology
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
29. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
peptidoglycan - definition
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
endospores are resistant to (4)
replication (B)
30. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Gardnerella vaginalis
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
HSV-2 - genital herpes
31. Which DNA viruses are not linear
H. pylori
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
structures of prokaryotic cell
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
32. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Oral and esophageal thrush
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
assembly (AV)
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
33. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
pasteurization
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
C. perfringens
34. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
anaerobic
release (B)
Paragonimus westermani
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
35. All living things are composed of cells
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
osmotic pressure
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Cell Theory
36. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Yes
37. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
fimbriae - function
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Pen
38. What is the TX for h pylori
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
malaria symptoms
cell membrane - function
Food - fingers - feces - flies
39. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
HHV 6 - roseola
viral shapes
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
40. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
Negative
release (AV)
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
cell membrane - function
41. What are the 4 phases of HIV
<30 - military - prisons
Paragonimus westermani
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
42. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Actinomyces
Children
Legionella
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
43. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Crohns or appendicitis
Avain resevoir
44. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Oral and esophageal thrush
Staph or enteric GNR
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
45. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Enterobacter cloacae
46. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
PHV
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Coagulation cascade - DIC
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
47. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Negative
envelope - definition
HCV
three domains of microorganisms
48. Mild respiratory infection
Motility - protein
Rubella
Epiglottitis H flu type B
double- stranded RNA
49. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Meningococci
red tide
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
replication (B)
50. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Acid fast organisms
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin