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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Serratia
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
giardia
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH

2. Which males have UTIs
facultative
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
interferon

3. variola - lots of spots
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Louis Pasteur - experiment

4. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Mycobacterium
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
endospores - definition

5. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Treponema - primary syphillis
Pregnant women
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen

6. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
capsid is composed of...
plasmid - function

7. CO2 concentration and temperature
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
red tide
Gambiense - rhodesiense

8. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
D- K
Francisella tularenis
three domains of microorganisms
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement

9. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
Paracoccidioidomycosis
John Needham - experiment
gram- positive stain - explanation
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock

10. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
polyhedral shape - defintion

11. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
trichomoniasis symptoms
Rubella - respiratory droplets
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

12. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
cytoplasm - definition
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

13. Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
Prompt oral rehydration
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
HBC - hepatitis B

14. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Motility - protein
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
facultative

15. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Pasteurella multocida

16. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Genetic drift - epidemic
Bartonella sp
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Enterobius

17. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus

18. Which are the enteroviruses
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Cryptococcus neoformans
Bacteria - STD
Cryptosporidium

19. health care provider
Lactose fermenting enterics
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Silver stain
HBV from needle stick

20. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Surfers in the tropics
mitochondria - function
S. aureus

21. yeast and mold
pili - function
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Vagina

22. Comma- shaped
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
spiral - vibrio
C. perfringens
commercial applications

23. What does Rubella virus cause
Rubella
Staph or H. flu
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)

24. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Staph make it - strep don't
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

25. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

26. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
mycolic acid - definition
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

27. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Toxoplasmosis
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
differential staining of bacteria

28. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
John Needham
nucleus
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

29. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
cilia
penetration (B)
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Transformation or competence

30. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
ASO titer
Bartonella sp
fimbriae - function
Avain resevoir

31. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
HIV - sexual
Beta hemolytic
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

32. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
five kingdoms of microorganisms
bacteriology
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
botulism

33. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
chloroplasts - function
Cryptosporidium
bacillus
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

34. 70S = 30S + 50S
icosahedron
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
S. epidermidis
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

35. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
malaria
Streptococcus mutans
lipids (fats) =
how do viruses take over a host cell?

36. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Staph saprophyticus

37. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
flagella
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

38. Sporulation
endospores are formed via
M. tuberculosis
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant

39. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
eukaryotic organelles - definition
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
protozoology
facultative

40. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
penetration (AV)
histoplasmosis
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

41. What does PAS actually stain for
Azithromycin
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
eukarya domain

42. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans

43. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)

44. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
cilia - function
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts

45. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Azithromycin
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
gram stain - definition
envelope is composed of...

46. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
8 - orthomyoxovirus
malaria symptoms
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma

47. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Salmonella typhi
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

48. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Brucella sp
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Common cold

49. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
three domains of microorganisms
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella

50. What viruses make up the arena virus family
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
bacteriology
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not