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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the Ghon complex
Owl's eye inculsions
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

2. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
No cell wall

3. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
gram- positive cell wall
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
specific

4. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Staph or H. flu
monera kingdom
HBV from needle stick

5. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
pseudopodia
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Serratia marcescens

6. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Protein A - S. aureus
B cells
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

7. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Dark field microscopy
commercial applications
Acute/recent infection
endospores are formed via

8. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Rapid cell division
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

9. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
nucleus
Actinomyces
eukaryotes
replication (AV)

10. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Nematode in undercooked meat
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
bacteria domain

11. What does p24 do
structures of prokaryotic cell
Cholesterol
Capsid protein
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

12. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
flagella - function
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

13. 37 celsius
Neisseria
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Metronidazole
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

14. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
S. aureus
E. coli
Ingestion of preformed toxin
simple staining of bacteria

15. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Brucella sp
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Genetic drift - epidemic

16. Tightly coiled
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
spiral - spirochete
Cholesterol
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

17. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Starts quickly and ends quickly
HIV - sexual

18. painless chancre - org and dz
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Envelope proteins
Treponema - primary syphillis
prokaryotes

19. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Meningococci
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)

20. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
H. pylori
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Lepromatous

21. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
cytoplasm - definition
Lymph nodes
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Mice - deer

22. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Rabies
Resistant
Beta hemolytic
Azithromycin

23. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Mononuclear cells
M. avium intracellulare
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

24. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
replication for prokaryotes
replication for eukaryotes
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

25. atypical PNA
Negative
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
microbiology

26. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
endospores
double- stranded RNA

27. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Lactose fermenting enterics
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on

28. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Theory of Biogenesis
Neisseria
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
All except coxiella are via arthropod

29. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
bacteria domain
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
histoplasmosis

30. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
flagella - function
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
microaerophilic

31. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Weil Felix test
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

32. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Staph or enteric GNR
Oral and esophageal thrush

33. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Malignant otitis externa

34. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
importance of microorganisms
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

35. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Elementary body
cilia - function

36. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
spontaneous generation example
Clostridia
Palivizumab
Pseudomonas

37. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Bartonella sp
pili - function
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Lazzaro Spallanzani

38. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Actinomyces
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
HDV

39. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Entertoxigenic E. coli
ribosomes - function
arrangements - strepto...
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

40. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Yersinia pestis
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)

41. Rod- shaped
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Malignant otitis externa
bacillus
cell membrane - definition

42. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Schistosoma haematobium
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
species
Staph or H. flu

43. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
anaerobic
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
helical shape - definition
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

44. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
uncoating (AV)
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
pasteurization

45. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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46. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
adsorption (B)
Many treponemas
Legionella

47. What does parainfluenza cause
Salmonella
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Croup - seal like barking cough
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

48. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

49. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
plasmolysis
Enterobius
Vulvuvaginitis

50. Provides structure
Common cold and SARS
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
cell wall - function