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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mild respiratory infection
Oral and esophageal thrush
ribosomes - function
double- stranded RNA
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
2. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
how many degrees celsius for mold?
3. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
Vulvuvaginitis
Rubella
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Borrelia burgdorferi
4. What are gp120 and gp41 together
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Rabies
Envelope proteins
staining of bacteria
5. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
mycoplasma (5) - description
Klebsiella
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
6. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Actic polymerization
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
All of them
Yes
7. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Klebsiella granulomatis
PCR/Viral load
C. perfringens
8. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
Staph saprophyticus
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
HIV - malnutrition - death
9. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
malaria
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
10. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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11. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
Pseudomonas
10 to 12
Rapid cell division
capsid - definition
12. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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13. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Clostridium perfringens
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
golgi complex - function
Specialized transduction - an excision event
14. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
CMV - RSV
100 micrometers
adsorption (AV)
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
15. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
spiral - spirochete
protozoan infections (5)
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
16. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
17. How does mucomycosis present clinically
lipids (fats) =
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
flaccid paralysis
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
18. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
hypertonic solution
Group B strep - E. coli
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
19. rubella - lots of spots
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
20. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
protista kingdom
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Between 2 and 18 months
Sexual activity - but not an STI
21. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
mycoplasma (5) - description
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
spiral - spirillum
22. Some algae
fungi
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
plant kingdom
23. Where do RNA viruses replicate
microaerophilic
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
not acid- fast - colo
24. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
acid- fast - color
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
25. What are PE signs of PID
cytoplasm - definition
they are eukaryotes
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
HIV - sexual
26. What is HBeAg
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
S. epidermidis
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
27. What bugs are urease pos
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
No - erythromycin
28. What is endotoxin
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
fimbriae - function
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
29. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
H flu
JC virus causing PML
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
30. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Salmonella
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
31. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
spontaneous generation example
Superantigen
Robert Koch
HAV - RNA picornavirus
32. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Type B protease IgA
plasmolysis
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
33. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
spiral
complex virus example
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
34. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Pseudomonas
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
35. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
HBV
Salmonella
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
36. Study of protozoans
dormant
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
protozoology
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
37. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
When nutriets are limited
five kingdoms of microorganisms
38. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Envelope proteins
not acid- fast - colo
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
taxonomic hierarchy
39. yeast and mold
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
malaria prevention
40. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Actinomyces
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Ring enhancing brain lesions
41. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
CMV - RSV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
spontaneous generation example
hyperthermophiles
42. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
plasmid - definition
Weil Felix test
tetanus
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
43. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
44. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
release (B)
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
45. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
hyperthermophiles
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
S. epidermidis
46. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Plasmodium
lipids (fats) =
Protozoan - STD
Doxycycline
47. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
flagella - function
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
48. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
microbiology
pseudopodia
49. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
trichomoniasis...
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
eukarya domain
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
50. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
golgi complex - function
Candida albicans
Anti - HAVAb IgM