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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
how wine is spoiled
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus

2. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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3. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Treponema - primary syphillis
cytoplasm - definition
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

4. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Enterobacter cloacae
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Strep pneumo and viridans

5. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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6. Mycotoxin
cell membrane - definition
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans

7. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Shigella
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather

8. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

9. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
facultative
Many treponemas
Viral gastroenteritis

10. What kind of genome does HIV have
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Immediately upon exposure
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Dipoid RNA

11. Which DNA viruses are not linear
hypotonic solution
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV

12. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
arrangements - staphylo
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Toxoplasmosis

13. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Bartonella sp
Type B protease IgA
histoplasmosis

14. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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15. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
bacillus
polyhedral shape - defintion
Pasteurella multocida
tetanus

16. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Campylobacter
Rubella german measles

17. what dpes gp120 do
chlamydia
Attachment to host T cell
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

18. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Koch's Postulates 3
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

19. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
uncoating (AV)

20. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
malaria
PHV
mycolic acid - definition
archaea domain

21. Which nematodes are ingested
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Yersinia pestis
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
S pneumo - GNR - listeria

22. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
flagella - description
EBV
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

23. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Hemagluttin
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
not acid- fast - colo
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

24. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
M. tuberculosis
Negative
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

25. What C. diptheria grows on...
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Tellurite agar
R. prowazekii
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

26. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Salmonella typhi
Capsid protein
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
commercial applications

27. Tissue died
B cells
gas gangrene
pili - function
food industry

28. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
ABC
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
No envelope

29. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Gallbladder
biogenesis
Malignant otitis externa

30. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
R. typhi
monera kingdom
B. cereus
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

31. Pink
100 micrometers
gram- negative stain - color
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Animal - except typhi - only in humans

32. Which bacteria have no cell wall
halophiles
fungi kingdom
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Mycoplasma - have sterols

33. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

34. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Crohns or appendicitis
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

35. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
Bacteria - STD
myc/myo means
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
humans do not have

36. Spiral
spiral - spirillum
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Meningococci
M. kansasii

37. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
gram- negative stain - color
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Pneumoniae and psittaci

38. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

39. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
endospores
Rose gardner's
protozoology
plasmolysis

40. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Hemagluttin
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

41. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Bacillus anthracis
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

42. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

43. Fever and chills
HAV - RNA picornavirus
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
malaria symptoms
single- stranded DNA

44. Will show size and arrangement
Many treponemas
aerobic
Staph make it - strep don't
simple staining of bacteria

45. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Nocardia asteroides

46. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Louis Pasteur
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

47. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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48. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Lactose fermenting enterics
microaerophilic
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
CMV - RSV

49. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Muramic acid
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Brucella sp

50. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
endospores are formed via
Surfers in the tropics