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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
2. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Doxycycline
gram stain - definition
lysozyme
3. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
fungal infection examples (3)
Echinococcus granulosus
Prompt oral rehydration
4. May carry genes for antibiotic resistance - toxin production - synthesis of enzymes
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
arrangements - strepto...
lysis
plasmid - function
5. How is Hfr made
Salmonella
chlamydia
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
6. PNA in immunCised
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Silver stain
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Pasteurella multocida
7. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
giardia
Crohns or appendicitis
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
8. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
coccus
Gambiense - rhodesiense
HEV
9. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Actinomyces israeli
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Serratia
10. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
11. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Rifampin
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
12. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
amoebic dynsentry
mycolic acid - definition
Measles
Coagulation cascade - DIC
13. Help bacteria to attach to one another
pili - function
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
arrangements - diplo
protista kingdom
14. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
nucleic acid
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
15. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Guillain barre
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
16. Which bacteria are spirochetes
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
golgi complex - function
production of beer and wine
17. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
C. diptheriae
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
how wine is spoiled
18. neutropenic pts
arrangements of bacteria
spontaneous generation example
Candida and aspergillus
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
19. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
Influenza virus
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
20. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
ribosomes - function
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Brucella sp
21. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
lysis
Crohns or appendicitis
replication (AV)
22. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
capsid - definition
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
23. What acid is in the spore core
Dipicolinic acid
Treponema
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Transformation or competence
24. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
10 to 12
actinomycetes (3) - description
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Elevated CRP and ESR
25. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
EBV
Superantigen
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
26. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Toxoid vaccine
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
27. Which males have UTIs
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
John Needham - experiment
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
28. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
29. What kind of genome does HIV have
Double zone of hemolysis
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Dipoid RNA
100 micrometers
30. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
Metronidazole
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
osmotic pressure
Surfers in the tropics
31. Mycotoxin
aerobic
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
32. What are the lab findings for cholera
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Anti - HBsAb
release (B)
Parvo - single stranded
33. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
replication for eukaryotes
what envelope contains
Antigen in vaccines
assembly (AV)
34. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
flagella
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Pox - complex
35. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
gram- positive stain - explanation
Robert Hooke
36. Cyst with four nuclei
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Entamoeba hisotlytica
bacteriophage - definition
37. Dimorphic/biphasic
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Parvo - single stranded
what many pathogenic fungi are
Lymph nodes
38. Pink
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Rubella
acid- fast - color
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
39. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
gram- negative stain - explanation
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
40. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Dipicolinic acid
envelope - definition
Salpingitis
41. What does M protein do - who has it
Azithromycin
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
specific
42. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
E. coli
43. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
endospores are formed via
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
44. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Lymph nodes
aerobic
Cyanophora paradoxa
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
45. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Elementary body
histoplasmosis
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Actinomyces
46. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
CMV
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
47. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
capsid - definition
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
48. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Francisella tularenis
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Aseptic meningitis
Staph or H. flu
49. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
giardia
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Borrelia burgdorferi
endospores - definition
50. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Capsid protein
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel