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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Clostridium botulinum
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

2. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
trichomoniasis symptoms
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
10%; viral

3. What is legionnaires disease
Severe pneumonia
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Bat - racoon - skunk
gram- negative stain - color

4. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
tetanus
PCR/Viral load
Actinomyces isreallii

5. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
arrangements - diplo
HHV-6 roseola

6. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
commercial applications
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Group B strep

7. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
motility of bacteria
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Cholesterol
Actinomyces israeli

8. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
Entamoeba hisotlytica
S. epidermidis
Strep bovis - also group D
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

9. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
necrosis
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
chemical synthesis...
giardia

10. Requires absence of oxygen
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
anaerobic
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

11. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps

12. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
actinomycetes (3) - description
Salmonella typhi
Mycobacterium
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

13. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
gas gangrene
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps

14. What bug produces a red pigment
Fusion and entry
Serratia
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life

15. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Viridans group streptococci
antibiotics
polyhedral shape - defintion
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn

16. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Spikes
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
gram- negative stain - explanation

17. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
gram- positive stain - explanation
cilia - function

18. What is the treatment for syphillis
Echinococcus granulosus
Pen
Virbrio cholera
Epiglottitis H flu type B

19. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Streptococcus mutans
Unimmunised kids
Paramyxovirus; measles

20. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
DNA hepadnavirus
Dark field microscopy
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

21. microcytic anemia - parasite
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Ancylostoma - necator
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

22. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
CMV
species
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

23. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Elevated CRP and ESR
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

24. What is the TX for h pylori
Actinomyces
Histoplasmosis
Bat - racoon - skunk
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

25. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Klebsiella
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
cytoplasm - definition
penetration (B)

26. What does coxaskcievirus do
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

27. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

28. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Clonorchis sinensis
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

29. What are the three forms of prion diesase
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

30. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Group B strep - E. coli
Bat - racoon - skunk
chemical synthesis...
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

31. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Weil Felix test

32. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Genetic shift - pandemic

33. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Actinomyces and nocardia
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)

34. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Bordetella pertussis
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

35. Size - cell structure - replication
Toxplasmosis
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
aerobic

36. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
ribosomes - function
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Theory of Biogenesis
<30 - military - prisons

37. Which males have UTIs
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

38. Some algae
pasteurization
S - definition
protozoology
plant kingdom

39. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Francisella tularenis
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles

40. What is gardnerella associated with
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Sexual activity - but not an STI

41. No metabolic activity
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
HHV 6 - roseola
dormant

42. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Actinomyces isreallii

43. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Actinomyces and nocardia
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

44. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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45. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Enterobius
hypotonic solution
JC virus causing PML

46. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Gardnerella vaginalis
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Nucleus - except parvovirus

47. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
arrangements - staphylo
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

48. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
envelope - definition
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
not acid- fast - colo
HBV

49. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
differential staining of bacteria
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

50. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
production of beer and wine
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Antigen in vaccines