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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
E. Coli
humans do not have
C. diptheriae

2. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Salpingitis
Koch's Postulates 2
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

3. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
structures of prokaryotic cell
Bacillus anthracis
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Staph saprophyticus

4. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
E. Coli
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
replication (B)
Killed viral vaccine

5. What treatment is required for cholera
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
replication (B)
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Prompt oral rehydration

6. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
No cell wall
S. aureus
M. kansasii
S. epidermidis

7. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Azithromycin
Salmonella
Sterility
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

8. What can PID cause
how wine is spoiled
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

9. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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10. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
arrangements - diplo
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
viruses

11. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
HIV - malnutrition - death
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

12. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Pox - complex
Fungi
Cigar shaped yeast

13. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
tetanus
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Koch's Postulates 4

14. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
three domains of microorganisms
Elementary body
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor

15. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Cigar shaped yeast
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI

16. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Campylobacter
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

17. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
myc/myo means
Actinomyces israeli
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

18. Study of viruses
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
virology
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease

19. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
L1 - L2 - L3
C. perfringens
Lymph nodes
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

20. painless chancre - org and dz
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Treponema - primary syphillis
CMV - RSV
Pneumoniae and psittaci

21. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Elementary body
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein

22. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
Mycobacterium
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
S. aureus

23. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
pseudopodia
peptidoglycan - definition

24. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
eukaryotic organelles - definition
humans do not have
bacteria domain

25. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Motility - protein
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
gram- positive stain - explanation
Clostridia

26. What does PAS actually stain for
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

27. traumatic open wound
Bat - racoon - skunk
C. perfringens
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

28. What organisms stain with PAS

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29. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
actinomycetes (3) - description
HHV 6 - roseola
capsid - function
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

30. Sick cell trait
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Clonorchis sinensis
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

31. Purple
gram- positive stain - color
Paracoccidioidomycosis
ribosomes - function
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

32. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
specialized flagella
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease

33. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Antigen in urine
endospores are resistant to (4)
M. tuberculosis
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

34. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Teichoic acid
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Superantigen
gas gangrene

35. Are there carriers for HDV
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Yes
dormant
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

36. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Proteus mirabilis

37. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
All of them
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

38. Herpes - warts
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
adsorption (AV)
double- stranded DNA

39. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Antigen in urine

40. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
Legionella
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
gram- negative cell wall
adsorption (AV)

41. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Specialized transduction - an excision event

42. Mild respiratory infection
double- stranded RNA
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Ring enhancing brain lesions

43. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Vagina
gram- positive cell wall
HIV - AIDS
Koch's Postulates 3

44. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Rabies
microaerophilic
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

45. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Lepromatous
Cholesterol
botulism

46. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
gram- positive stain - color
Antigen in vaccines
spiral - vibrio

47. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Mycobacterium
Salmonella typhi
Entamoeba hisotlytica

48. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
arrangements of bacteria
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Brucella sp

49. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Bordetella pertussis
Koch's Postulates 2
Actinomyces israeli
fungi

50. Virus is engulfed by host cell
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
endocytosis...
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells