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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
HIV - AIDS
Palivizumab
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Lazzaro Spallanzani

2. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Clostridium perfringens
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
B cells
Influenza virus

3. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
commercial applications
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
B. cereus
Proteus mirabilis

4. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
capsid - function
C. diff
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Legionella

5. What is the TX for sporthrix
Mononuclear cells
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

6. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Antigen in urine
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
importance of microorganisms

7. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Lymph nodes
Strep pneumo and viridans

8. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Mice - deer
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

9. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Robert Koch

10. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Clonorchis sinensis
Entamoeba histolytica
Palivizumab
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

11. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Klebsiella
Haematobium - bladder
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Prompt oral rehydration

12. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
gas gangrene
Candida
molds

13. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised

14. What does coronavirus do
Owl's eye inculsions
Salmonella
Common cold and SARS
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

15. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Acute/recent infection
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

16. Problem with food preservation - canning
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
botulism
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
gram- positive cell wall

17. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Double zone of hemolysis
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
HAV - RNA picornavirus

18. currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Robert Hooke
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

19. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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20. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
characteristics of bacteria (5)
nucleic acid
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus

21. What happens in tertiary syphillis
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
fungal infection examples (3)
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

22. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Yeast - protazoan
special staining of bacteria
rough ER

23. What bug grows on eaton's agar
M. pneumoniae
Meningococci
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

24. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Pox - complex
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

25. What can PID cause
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
cell membrane - definition
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus

26. What is the pathophys of mucor
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

27. What does papillomovirus cause
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Yersinia pestis
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

28. What viruses make up the arena virus family
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
plant kingdom
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Antigen in urine

29. Study of protozoans
protozoology
Cigar shaped yeast
HHV-6 roseola
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

30. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
No cell wall
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

31. Which males have UTIs
Severe pneumonia
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

32. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
John Needham - experiment
halophiles
Ingestion of preformed toxin

33. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Type B protease IgA
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Pasteurella multocida

34. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Neuraminidase
protozoan infections (5)

35. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
dormant
10%; viral
mycoplasma (5) - description

36. What is the TX for h pylori
Theory of Biogenesis
flagella - function
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

37. What are the lab findings for cholera
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
myc/myo means
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

38. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Staph saprophyticus
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
R. prowazekii

39. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
lysis
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

40. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Shigella
osmotic lysis
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Yes

41. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
John Needham - experiment
Bacterial superinfection
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Bacteria - STD

42. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Plasmodium
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

43. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
gram- negative cell wall
Streptococcus mutans
Group B strep - E. coli
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

44. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Azithromycin
anaerobic
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

45. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
Toxoplasmosis
chlamydia
H flu type B
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

46. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Neuraminidase
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
E. coli - proteus
animal kingdom

47. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines

48. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Endosymbiotic Theory
Mice - deer

49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
basic shapes of bacteria
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide

50. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
taxonomic hierarchy
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
S. aureus
botulism