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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
three domains of microorganisms
Beta hemolytic
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

2. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
eukaryotes
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Group B strep

3. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Measles
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Theory of Biogenesis
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

4. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
fungi
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
capsid - function

5. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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6. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
ribosomes - function
No cell wall
Yersinia pestis
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

7. Clusters
Elevated CRP and ESR
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
arrangements - staphylo
microaerophilic

8. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Bacteria - STD
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

9. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
release (AV)
Mycobacterium
icosahedron
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

10. Which are the enteroviruses
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz

11. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
HIV - AIDS
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

12. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Candida albicans
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

13. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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14. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Koch's Postulates 4
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

15. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
chlamydia
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Guillain barre

16. What is the nl flora of the colon
food thickeners
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
N. gono causing gono

17. Which nematodes infect through the skin
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

18. Purple
gram- positive stain - color
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

19. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
cilia
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Mice - deer

20. All living things are composed of cells
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
capsid is composed of...
Cell Theory
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

21. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
HHV-8 - KS
HIV - malnutrition - death
Aerosal - from environmental water source

22. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
100 micrometers
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
gram- negative stain - explanation
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

23. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
monera kingdom
gram- negative stain - explanation
Salpingitis
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

24. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
bacteria domain
C tetani

25. What does M protein do - who has it
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Pets - treat with topical azoles
algae characteristics (3)
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

26. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Clostridium perfringens
smooth ER
arrangements - strepto...
Double zone of hemolysis

27. What does neg PPD indicated
Muramic acid
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
gram stain - definition
Tetracycline or erythromycin

28. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
yeast
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus

29. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Viral gastroenteritis
Actinomyces isreallii
Klebsiella
Yeast - protazoan

30. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
polyhedral shape - defintion
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
cell membrane - function

31. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
spontaneous generation example
Neisseria
species

32. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Fungi

33. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
R. typhi
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Shigella
Croup - seal like barking cough

34. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Klebsiella pneumo
chlamydia
Group B strep - E. coli
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)

35. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Klebsiella granulomatis
what envelope contains
Rickettsia rickettsii

36. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Francisella tularenis

37. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
10 to 12
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Prompt oral rehydration

38. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Treponema
differential staining of bacteria
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

39. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

40. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
oral yeast infections =
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

41. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
osmotic lysis
Azithromycin
Pseudomonas
Double zone of hemolysis

42. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Actic polymerization
H flu type B
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

43. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
eukarya domain
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
how do viruses take over a host cell?

44. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Koch's Postulates 4
gas gangrene
Brucella sp

45. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Viral gastroenteritis
helical shape - definition
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

46. Will show size and arrangement
Killed viral vaccine
simple staining of bacteria
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)

47. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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48. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
S. aureus
Pseudomonas
Tetracycline or erythromycin

49. What is the nl flora in the nose
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Azithromycin
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

50. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Legionella
Croup - seal like barking cough
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus