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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is HBeAg
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
cilia
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

2. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Klebsiella
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

3. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
endospores are formed via

4. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
special staining of bacteria
bacillus

5. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
botulism
actinomycetes (3) - description
Croup - seal like barking cough
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

6. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Salmonella
Resistant
Double zone of hemolysis
pasteurization

7. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
replication (B)
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Haematobium - bladder
Neisseria

8. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
hypertonic solution
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Strep bovis - also group D

9. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
assembly (AV)
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

10. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Clonorchis sinensis
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Genetic shift - pandemic
histoplasmosis

11. Where do EBV cells remain latent
not acid- fast - colo
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
B cells
ASO titer

12. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
acid- fast organism - definition
Bat - racoon - skunk
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

13. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
malaria prevention
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
germination
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

14. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Elevated CRP and ESR
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Gonococci

15. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Salmonella

16. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Strep pneumo and viridans
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
biggest danger of toxplasmosis

17. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
pseudopodia
Genetic shift - pandemic
No envelope
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

18. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
gram stain - definition
Pneumocystis jerovici
Cyanophora paradoxa
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

19. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
hypertonic solution
HDV
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

20. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
DNA hepadnavirus
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

21. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Francisella tularenis

22. pediatric infxn
three domains of microorganisms
H flu
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

23. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Nematode in undercooked meat
differential staining of bacteria
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

24. Study of viruses
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
virology
Negative

25. What viruses make up the arena virus family
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

26. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Robert Hooke
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

27. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Actinomyces and nocardia
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement

28. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
giardia
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
gram- negative stain - explanation
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

29. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Negative
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Antigen associated with core of HBV

30. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
EBV

31. fungal infection in diabetic
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Mucor or rhizopus

32. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
monera kingdom
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness

33. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
Pneumocystis jerovici
Toxoid vaccine
Hemagluttin
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

34. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Acid fast organisms
PCR/Viral load
endocytosis...

35. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
ribosomes - function
EBV
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

36. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
rickettsia
John Needham - experiment
Legionella
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)

37. roseola - lots of spots
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

38. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Epiglottitis H flu type B
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)

39. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
virology
Treponema
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
rickettsia

40. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
C. diptheriae
eukaryotic organelles - definition

41. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
staining of bacteria
trichomoniasis...
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

42. microcytic anemia - parasite
Yersinia pestis
Ancylostoma - necator
Theory of Biogenesis
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

43. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
animal kingdom
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

44. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
<30 - military - prisons
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Francesco Redi - experiment
Rabies

45. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
endospores are resistant to (4)
Toxo crosses the placenta
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

46. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Severe pneumonia
8 - orthomyoxovirus

47. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
mitochondria - function
Acute/recent infection
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

48. Pairs
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
arrangements - diplo
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

49. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
N. gono causing gono
how do viruses take over a host cell?

50. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Unimmunised kids
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever