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Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
what envelope contains
H. flu
2. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Robert Hooke
3. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
endospores
S. aureus
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
polyhedral shape - defintion
4. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
All of them
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
M. avium intracellulare
5. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
6. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
biogenesis
trichomoniasis...
flagella - function
Common cold and SARS
7. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Pasteurella multocida
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Specialized transduction - an excision event
8. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Toxo crosses the placenta
capsid is composed of...
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Elementary body
9. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
germination
bacteria domain
Ingestion of preformed toxin
C. botulinum
10. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Klebsiella
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Only humoral - stable
N. gono causing gono
11. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
arrangements - diplo
chromosome - description
12. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Rose gardner's
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
13. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
14. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Azithromycin
humans do not have
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
15. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Silver stain
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
16. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
penetration (B)
Candida and aspergillus
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
five kingdoms of microorganisms
17. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
spiral - spirillum
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
E. coli
18. What is HBeAg
Staph make it - strep don't
species
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
germination
19. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
20. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Measles
malaria prevention
acid- fast organism - definition
Salmonella typhi
21. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Schistosoma haematobium
Nocardia asteroides
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
22. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
E. coli
Clostridia
23. What does coxaskcievirus do
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
glycocalyx - function
Actinomyces israeli
24. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
25. Require high salt concentrations
halophiles
how do viruses take over a host cell?
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
26. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Clostridium tetani
Actinomyces and nocardia
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Robert Koch
27. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Klebsiella
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
28. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Epiglottitis H flu type B
R. prowazekii
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
29. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Starts quickly and ends quickly
30. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
icosahedron
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
C tetani
31. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Superantigen
Enterobacter cloacae
Gonococci
32. Allgin and carrageenan
C. botulinum
Measles rubeola - measles
food thickeners
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
33. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Pseudomonas
Rose gardner's
34. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Lower lobe
35. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
36. health care provider
plasmolysis
HBV from needle stick
L1 - L2 - L3
Enterobacter cloacae
37. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
anaerobic
Klebsiella
Actinomyces isreallii
38. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
single- stranded RNA
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
39. What does parainfluenza cause
Paramyxovirus; measles
Croup - seal like barking cough
mycolic acid - definition
Weil Felix test
40. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
41. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Cyanophora paradoxa
Salpingitis
42. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Capsid protein
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
spiral - spirochete
43. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
actinomycetes (3) - description
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
44. Chemical synthesis and food industry
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
HIV - malnutrition - death
food thickeners
commercial applications
45. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Lazzaro Spallanzani
John Needham
46. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
commercial applications
ASO titer
47. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
Attachment to host T cell
specialized flagella
motility of bacteria
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
48. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
tetanus
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Resistant
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
49. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
HHV-8 - KS
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Pneumocystis jerovici
50. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Staph or enteric GNR
ABC
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
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