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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What features are unique to salmonella
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Starts quickly and ends quickly
2. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
gram- negative stain - explanation
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Lactose fermenting enterics
3. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Salpingitis
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
replication for eukaryotes
4. When is H flu vaccine give
Between 2 and 18 months
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Aseptic meningitis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
5. Which nematodes are ingested
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
oxygen requirements of bacteria
HIV - malnutrition - death
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
6. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
Crohns or appendicitis
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
osmotic pressure
Histoplasmosis
7. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Candida
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
M. pneumoniae
8. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease
9. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Enterobacter cloacae
mycoplasma (5) - description
10. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Influenza virus
11. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Koch's Postulates 3
12. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Genetic shift - pandemic
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
HAV - RNA picornavirus
13. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Lymph nodes
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Bartonella sp
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
14. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Rapid cell division
Koch's Postulates 4
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Metabolic activity without division
15. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Pen
mitochondria - function
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
16. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
production of beer and wine
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
HBV
red tide
17. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Lower lobe
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
ASO titer
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
18. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
cell wall - function
Candida and aspergillus
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
19. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
protozoa (3)
gram- positive cell wall
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
lysozyme
20. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
yeast
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
HAV - RNA picornavirus
antibiotics
21. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Common cold and SARS
Paragonimus westermani
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
22. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Killed viral vaccine
Measles
oxygen requirements of bacteria
23. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
osmotic pressure
H flu
60%; viruses
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
24. How is legionella transmitted
eukarya domain
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
specific
Aerosal - from environmental water source
25. What does coxaskcievirus do
five fields of microbiology
release (B)
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
26. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
motility of bacteria
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
chlamydia
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
27. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
C. perfringens
HHV-6 roseola
Toxoplasmosis
28. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
aerobic
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
five kingdoms of microorganisms
29. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
H. flu
Candida and aspergillus
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
30. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
E. Coli
Enteroinvasive E. coli
S. aureus
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
31. PNA in CF - burn
Pseudomonas
Yersinia pestis
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Bacteria - STD
32. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
HDV
Mononuclear cells
Haematobium - bladder
special staining of bacteria
33. What organisms stain with PAS
34. How is treponema visualized
Cryptosporidium
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
mycolic acid - definition
Dark field microscopy
35. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Crohns or appendicitis
how many degrees celsius for mold?
36. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
helical shape - definition
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
37. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
S. aureus
Clostridium tetani
EBV
38. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Salmonella
39. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
rough ER
Bacillus anthracis
antibiotics
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
40. Who typically gets sporothrix
41. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Immediately upon exposure
cell membrane - definition
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
42. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
M. avium intracellulare
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
43. asplenic pt
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Staph make it - strep don't
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
44. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Lower lobe
hypertonic solution
Yeast - protazoan
Envelope proteins
45. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
botulism
Common cold and SARS
Pasteurella multocida
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
46. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Bacillus anthracis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
47. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Borrelia recurrentis
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
protozoan infections (5)
48. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Metronidazole
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
basic shapes of bacteria
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
49. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Pasteurella multocida
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Palivizumab
50. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Cyanophora paradoxa
Mumps virus - mumps
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves