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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Vagina
Bacillus anthracis
Strep pneumo and viridans
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

2. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

3. dog or cat bite
HBC - hepatitis B
Pasteurella multocida
Unimmunised kids
Animal - except typhi - only in humans

4. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Specialized transduction - an excision event
C. perfringens
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria

5. bilateral bells palsy
Borrelia burgdorferi
ribosomes - function
mycolic acid - definition
Clostridium botulinum

6. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Dipoid RNA
Schistosoma haematobium
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

7. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Lactose fermenting enterics
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2

8. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Francesco Redi - experiment
M. tuberculosis
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

9. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Group B strep
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

10. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Vagina
Haematobium - bladder

11. What C. diptheria grows on...
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Tellurite agar
Legionella

12. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Food - fingers - feces - flies
CMV
No envelope
how wine is spoiled

13. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)

14. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
protista kingdom
Staph saprophyticus
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Louis Pasteur

15. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
fermentation - definition
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

16. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
C. perfringens
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel

17. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Treponema - primary syphillis
methanogens
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

18. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Pasteurella multocida
Treponema

19. What are PE signs of PID
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
JC virus causing PML
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

20. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Salmonella
hypertonic solution
No cell wall

21. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
eukaryotes
oral yeast infections =
rickettsia

22. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
100 micrometers
Acid fast organisms
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

23. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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24. Rodent viruses (not very common)
single- stranded DNA
histoplasmosis
Strep pneumo and viridans
8 - orthomyoxovirus

25. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
flagella - function
Antigen in vaccines
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
eukarya domain

26. How do bacterial capsules function
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Louis Pasteur - experiment
hyperthermophiles
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

27. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Treponema
importance of microorganisms
Mice - deer
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

28. asplenic pt
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on

29. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Bartonella henselae

30. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Candida
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Francesco Redi

31. Protein synthesis
ribosomes - function
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
HBC - hepatitis B
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

32. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
arrangements of bacteria
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
release (B)

33. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Bartonella sp
humans do not have

34. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
animal kingdom
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

35. What virus is in the deltavirus family
medical important mycobacteria
HDV
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

36. What does gp41 do
replication for prokaryotes
Fusion and entry
Anti - HBsAb
Resistant

37. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
viruses
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Toxoplasmosis

38. What is the technique to visualize treponema
E. coli - proteus
fungi kingdom
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Paramyxovirus; measles

39. atypical PNA
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
archaea domain
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
cilia

40. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
HSV-2 - genital herpes

41. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
Toxo crosses the placenta
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
microbiology
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

42. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Tetracycline or erythromycin
eukaryotic organelles - definition
specific
mycolic acid - definition

43. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
HIV - AIDS
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
how many degrees celsius for mold?

44. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Enterobacter cloacae
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

45. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

46. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
cilia - function
nucleic acid
Azithromycin
Clostridium perfringens

47. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
chemical synthesis...
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
R. prowazekii
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

48. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Salmonella
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

49. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
flagella - function
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Entamoeba histolytica

50. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Silver stain