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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
No cell wall
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Shigella
Actinomyces isreallii

2. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Resistant
Salpingitis
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

3. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Toxoplasmosis
microaerophilic
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
molds

4. Cyst with four nuclei
H flu type B
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

5. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
Many treponemas
Yersinia pestis
S. aureus
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

6. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
hypotonic solution
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
food industry

7. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Coagulation cascade - DIC
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

8. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Chlamydia trachomatis

9. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Doxycycline
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised

10. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Children
Nocardia asteroides
Mycobacterium
actinomycetes (3) - description

11. rubeola - lots of spots
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Paramyxovirus; measles
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole

12. All living things are composed of cells
Cell Theory
Muramic acid
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Surfers in the tropics

13. What does poxvirus cause

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14. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Between 2 and 18 months

15. When do gram pos rods form spores
Elevated CRP and ESR
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Metronidazole
When nutriets are limited

16. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin

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17. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
chlamydia
Clostridium botulinum
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

18. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
CMV - RSV
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

19. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Genetic shift - pandemic
Pseudomonas

20. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
cilia
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV

21. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
importance of microorganisms
spiral - spirillum
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
myc/myo means

22. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Surfers in the tropics
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Acid fast organisms

23. Where do CMV cells remain latent
differential staining of bacteria
Mononuclear cells
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

24. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
C. diptheriae
Pseudomonas

25. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Plasmodium
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

26. fungal infection in diabetic
Mycobacterium
Mucor or rhizopus
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
EBV

27. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
HIV - sexual
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs

28. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Weil Felix test
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

29. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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30. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
C. perfringens
Robert Koch

31. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
flaccid paralysis
Bartonella sp
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Legionella

32. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
C. perfringens
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
C tetani
cell membrane - function

33. What does coronavirus do
Endosymbiotic Theory
B. cereus
No cell wall
Common cold and SARS

34. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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35. What does HBsAg indicate
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

36. In who does HEV have high mortality
Pregnant women
Rifampin
3 groups in archaea
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

37. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
necrosis
fimbriae - function
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

38. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
flaccid paralysis
Mumps virus - mumps
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
trichomoniasis symptoms

39. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

40. Mild respiratory infection
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
double- stranded RNA
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli

41. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
PCR/Viral load
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Streptococcus - staphylococus

42. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. aureus
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
spontaneous generation example
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA

43. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Metabolic activity without division
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Klebsiella granulomatis

44. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
cilia - function
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

45. Insects - parasitic worms - etc
facultative
Tetracycline or erythromycin
animal kingdom
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

46. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
protozoa (3)
CMV
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

47. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Actinomyces
Staph saprophyticus
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

48. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Toxoplasmosis
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole

49. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Mycoplasma
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
plasmid - definition
not acid- fast - colo

50. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
release (B)
Mice - deer
infection process of animal viruses (6)