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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
2. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
acid- fast organism - definition
icosahedron
Bacterial superinfection
Toxoid vaccine
3. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
flagella - function
4. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Epiglottitis H flu type B
fungal infection examples (3)
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
chromosome - description
5. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
how wine is spoiled
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
6. How are rickettsiae transmitted
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
C. botulinum
Aseptic meningitis
7. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
HEV
cell membrane - definition
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Koch's Postulates 1
8. What does listeria infection cause
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Paramyxovirus; measles
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
red algae make
9. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
10. What is Anti - HBeAg
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
special staining of bacteria
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
replication for eukaryotes
11. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
12. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
13. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
14. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
15. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Entamoeba histolytica
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
16. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Diphyllobothrium latum
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
lysozyme
Bacterial superinfection
17. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Echinococcus granulosus
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Doxycycline
18. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
S. aureus
endospores - definition
M. kansasii
Klebsiella
19. PNA in CF - burn
Weil Felix test
Group B strep
EBV
Pseudomonas
20. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Cmv
Cryptosporidium
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
viruses
21. What is HBcAg
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Acid fast organisms
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
22. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
C tetani
Muramic acid
Shigella
23. Require high salt concentrations
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
halophiles
24. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Salmonella
Trigeminal ganglia
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
25. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
HIV - AIDS
Malignant otitis externa
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
26. Tissue died
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Envelope proteins
gas gangrene
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
27. Chains
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Bat - racoon - skunk
arrangements - strepto...
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
28. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Borrelia recurrentis
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
29. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
60%; viruses
Acid fast organisms
trichomoniasis symptoms
fungal infection examples (3)
30. What are the three forms of prion diesase
mycology
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
IgG Anti - HBcAg
31. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Pseudomonas
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
DNA hepadnavirus
32. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Pseudomonas
staining of bacteria
plasmid - definition
33. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
M. pneumoniae
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
smooth ER
34. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
not acid- fast - colo
Cigar shaped yeast
35. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Elementary body
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
36. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
monera kingdom
37. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Between 2 and 18 months
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
N. gono causing gono
Bartonella sp
38. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
Viridans group streptococci
coccus
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Group B strep - E. coli
39. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Robert Hooke
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
oxygen requirements of bacteria
40. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
penetration (AV)
how many degrees celsius for mold?
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
41. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Muramic acid
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
42. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Rubella german measles
E. Coli
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
43. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
malaria prevention
mycolic acid - definition
what peptidoglycan is composed of
44. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
ribosomes - function
Pasteurella multocida
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
45. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
JC virus causing PML
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Saucer shaped yeast forms
46. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
HCV
47. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Guillain barre
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
48. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Beta hemolytic
Actinomyces israeli
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
49. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
osmotic pressure
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
No envelope
50. What does coronavirus do
ribosomes - function
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
cilia
Common cold and SARS