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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
L1 - L2 - L3
Meningococci
endospores are resistant to (4)
Entamoeba histolytica

2. Cyst with four nuclei
chloroplasts - function
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
C. diff
Entamoeba hisotlytica

3. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
gram- positive cell wall
malaria
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Toxoplasmosis

4. Describe the rabies virus
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
spiral
rough ER
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

5. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
fungal infection examples (3)
JC virus causing PML
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

6. PNA in CF - burn
Metronidazole
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Pseudomonas

7. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Doxycycline
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

8. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Envelope proteins
gram- positive stain - explanation

9. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Actinomyces isreallii
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

10. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
medical important mycobacteria
HIV - malnutrition - death
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV

11. Sporulation
chloroplasts - function
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
endospores are formed via
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA

12. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
John Needham - experiment
Strep bovis - also group D
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
many humans would test antibody positive for this

13. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
E. coli - proteus
Francisella tularenis
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation

14. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Measles rubeola - measles
HIV - sexual
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

15. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
ASO titer
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

16. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
PCR/Viral load

17. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
hypertonic solution
assembly (B)
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

18. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Chronic disease - positive during window period
HIV - sexual
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

19. What can PID cause
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
protozoa (3)
how wine is spoiled
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

20. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Genetic shift - pandemic
Doxycycline
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Klebsiella

21. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
Unimmunised kids
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Elevated CRP and ESR

22. Which bacteria are spirochetes
JC virus causing PML
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

23. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Klebsiella
lysis
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

24. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Metronidazole

25. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Mycobacterium
not acid- fast - colo
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

26. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Dipoid RNA
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

27. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Pox - complex
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
All of them

28. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Schistosoma haematobium
Francesco Redi
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

29. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Legionella
protozoan infections (5)
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

30. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
eukaryotic organelles - definition

31. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
not acid- fast - colo
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
germination

32. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Echinococcus granulosus
helical shape - definition
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

33. chronic granulomatous disease
Treponema
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
hyperthermophiles

34. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Superantigen
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Only humoral - stable

35. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
eukarya domain
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

36. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Protein A - S. aureus
Beta hemolytic
IVDU
methanogens

37. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
endospores - definition
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Parvoviridae

38. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Oral and esophageal thrush
plasmid - function
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

39. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Cryptosporidium

40. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Cmv
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
HEV
Mycobacterium

41. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

42. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
E. coli - proteus
Attachment to host T cell
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

43. What are the lab findings for cholera
Rabies
Actic polymerization
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

44. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
adsorption (AV)
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Teichoic acid
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

45. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Klebsiella
Yersinia enterocolitica
Haematobium - bladder
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

46. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Acid fast organisms
Clostridia

47. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1 - L2 - L3
Gonococci
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Reassortment

48. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
S. aureus

49. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
10 to 12
Pseudomonas
Candida

50. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Diphyllobothrium latum
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Group B strep
Louis Pasteur