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Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
Antigen in urine
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
2. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Pox - complex
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Pseudomonas
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
3. When is the AIDS dx made
Salmonella typhi
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Viral gastroenteritis
4. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
5. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
mitochondria - function
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
6. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Immediately upon exposure
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Fungi
Gambiense - rhodesiense
7. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
R. prowazekii
E. coli - proteus
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
8. Rodent viruses (not very common)
single- stranded DNA
Palivizumab
E. coli - proteus
Salmonella
9. What does salmonella typhi cause
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
10. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
biogenesis
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
11. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Killed/inactivated
Measles rubeola - measles
Koch's Postulates 2
bacteriology
12. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
characteristics of bacteria (5)
13. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
flagella - description
Klebsiella pneumo
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
14. Pink
plasmolysis
gram- negative stain - color
uncoating (AV)
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
15. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
cell wall - function
M. avium intracellulare
Acute/recent infection
virus example
16. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
viral shapes
Gardnerella vaginalis
EBV
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
17. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Mononuclear cells
Campylocobacter jejuni
arrangements - strepto...
18. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
how wine is spoiled
E. coli 0157:H7
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
C. diff
19. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
arrangements - diplo
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
gram- negative stain - color
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
20. B12 def - parasite
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Diphyllobothrium latum
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
21. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Legionella
malaria prevention
22. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
23. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
gram- positive cell wall
Group B strep
24. meningitis in >60
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
gram- positive stain - color
flagella
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
25. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Proteus mirabilis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Chlamydia trachomatis
26. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
HIV - malnutrition - death
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
27. What can PID cause
cell membrane - function
Azithromycin
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
replication (B)
28. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Rapid cell division
29. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Tellurite agar
30. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
31. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
protozoa (3)
tetanus
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
32. surgical wound
S. aureus
Streptococcus mutans
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
E. coli - proteus
33. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
five fields of microbiology
cell membrane - definition
Schistosoma haematobium
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
34. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Unimmunised kids
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
HIV - sexual
35. Svedberg units
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Gallbladder
Severe pneumonia
S - definition
36. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
they are eukaryotes
37. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Francesco Redi - experiment
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Salpingitis
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
38. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Brucella sp
39. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Rubella german measles
40. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
41. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Louis Pasteur
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
H flu type B
42. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Mumps virus - mumps
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
43. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
HIV - sexual
osmotic lysis
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
chemical synthesis...
44. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission
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45. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Clostridium botulinum
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
46. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
capsid is composed of...
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
47. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
48. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
Epiglottitis H flu type B
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Pasteurella multocida
49. Virus that infects bacteria
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
bacteriophage - definition
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
50. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
dormant
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
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