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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Bordetella pertussis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
mycolic acid - definition

2. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Chlamydia trachomatis
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

3. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
eukaryotes
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

4. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Motility - protein
what many pathogenic fungi are
HHV-8 - KS

5. What does PAS actually stain for
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma

6. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Azithromycin
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

7. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
fungal infection examples (3)
malaria
giardia

8. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Mucor or rhizopus
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

9. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Rifampin

10. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Klebsiella granulomatis
giardia

11. perianal pruritis - parasite
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Enterobius
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

12. What does gonococi cause
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Clostridium perfringens
Borrelia burgdorferi

13. What stain shows legionella
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Silver stain
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
spiral - spirochete

14. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
No - erythromycin
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

15. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

16. Helical - polyhedral - complex
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
uncoating (AV)
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
viral shapes

17. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

18. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Prompt oral rehydration
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis

19. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Heat labile toxin
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
C. diptheriae
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

20. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Toxoid vaccine
assembly (B)
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

21. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Clonorchis sinensis
Muramic acid
No - erythromycin
HBV from needle stick

22. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Cigar shaped yeast
botulism
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

23. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
CMV retinitis
Serratia marcescens

24. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Robert Koch
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

25. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Bacterial superinfection
rough ER

26. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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27. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
histoplasmosis
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Shigella

28. What bug produces a red pigment
Serratia
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
All of them

29. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
bacillus
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

30. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
specific
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
chemical synthesis...
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev

31. All living things are composed of cells
necrosis
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Cell Theory
Entamoeba hisotlytica

32. Which bacteria have no cell wall
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
M. tuberculosis

33. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
HIV - sexual
Meningococci
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Borrelia recurrentis

34. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
PCR/Viral load
motility of bacteria
Metronidazole
characteristics of bacteria (5)

35. Prevents contraction of muscles
penetration (B)
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
flaccid paralysis

36. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Pneumocystis jerovici
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Children

37. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
taxonomic hierarchy
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
gas gangrene
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

38. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Pasteurella multocida
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

39. CO2 concentration and temperature
medical important mycobacteria
Parvo - single stranded
Envelope proteins
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

40. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Acute/recent infection
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
replication for prokaryotes
Epiglottitis H flu type B

41. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Pen
Klebsiella granulomatis
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

42. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
chlamydia
Lepromatous
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
coccus

43. Requires absence of oxygen
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
anaerobic

44. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
glycocalyx - function
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Klebsiella pneumo
Acid fast organisms

45. What are neoplasms associated with HIV

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46. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Protein A - S. aureus
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

47. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Mycoplasma
spiral - vibrio
Mononuclear cells

48. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
cell wall - function
arrangements - diplo

49. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
taxonomic hierarchy
Klebsiella pneumo
Lazzaro Spallanzani

50. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Ingestion of preformed toxin