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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
specific
protozoology
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

2. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
8 - orthomyoxovirus
C. perfringens
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

3. Blue
HDV
S. aureus
not acid- fast - colo
Group B strep

4. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
animal kingdom
Yeast - protazoan

5. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
S. aureus
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice

6. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
histoplasmosis
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
botulism

7. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
R. typhi
CMV
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides

8. What are the killed viral vaccines
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
protozoa (3)
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Anaerobes

9. Provides structure
Treponema - primary syphillis
cell wall - function
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
C. perfringens

10. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
osmotic pressure
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Measles rubeola - measles
C. diptheriae

11. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Rabies
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
gram stain - definition
HDV

12. taenia solium - tricky Ts
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Sporothrix schenckii
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

13. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Treponema - primary syphillis
Pseudomonas
Only humoral - stable
Rubella - respiratory droplets

14. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
10%; viral
3 groups in archaea
Cmv

15. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Cryptococcus neoformans
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver

16. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
PCR/Viral load
Lymph nodes
C. diff

17. Contains genetic material
Campylobacter
chromosome - function
Children
Specialized transduction - an excision event

18. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Actinomyces and nocardia
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
dormant

19. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
protozoan infections (5)
genus

20. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Rubella german measles
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

21. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta

22. pos PAS stain

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23. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
E. Coli
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

24. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Resistant
Koch's Postulates 3
Only humoral - stable

25. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

26. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
fimbriae - function
endospores - definition

27. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Bartonella sp
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
flaccid paralysis
arrangements - strepto...

28. Chemical synthesis and food industry
commercial applications
E. coli 0157:H7
Sacral ganglia
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

29. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
polyhedral shape - defintion
Lower lobe
Pseudomonas
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

30. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
commercial applications
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
ABC

31. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Campylocobacter jejuni
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Heat labile toxin

32. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
double- stranded DNA
Spikes
pseudopodia

33. variola - lots of spots
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
eukaryotic organelles - definition
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
R. typhi

34. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
hypotonic solution
nucleic acid
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus

35. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
smooth ER
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

36. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
eukaryotic organelles - definition
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Haematobium - bladder

37. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
Silver stain
C. botulinum
Campylobacter

38. microcytic anemia - parasite
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
EBV
Ancylostoma - necator

39. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
chromosome - function
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

40. rubeola - lots of spots
Viral gastroenteritis
three domains of microorganisms
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Paramyxovirus; measles

41. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Killed/inactivated
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
smooth ER

42. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
Bacillus anthracis
Koch's Postulates 4
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
E. coli

43. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
penetration (B)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
cell wall - function
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

44. What are the gram pos bacilli
Louis Pasteur
three domains of microorganisms
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)

45. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
yeast
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
actinomycetes (3) - description

46. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Fungi
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
replication for prokaryotes
Owl's eye inculsions

47. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Gonococci
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

48. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease

49. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

50. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
histoplasmosis
methanogens
double- stranded RNA
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.