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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. All living things are composed of cells
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Cell Theory

2. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
VZV - chickenpox

3. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Actinomyces
replication for eukaryotes
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

4. What does gp41 do
C. perfringens
methanogens
Fusion and entry
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

5. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Measles
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Immediately upon exposure
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

6. How do bacterial capsules function
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
microaerophilic
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

7. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Spikes
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
osmotic lysis
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

8. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
capsid - definition
Antigen in urine
C. diff

9. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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10. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Serratia marcescens
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Vagina

11. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
3 groups in archaea
Teichoic acid
Mumps virus - mumps
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz

12. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Schistosoma mansori
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

13. Which DNA viruses are not linear
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

14. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Doxycycline
HHV 6 - roseola
When nutriets are limited

15. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Fusion and entry

16. Pairs
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Sporothrix schenckii
arrangements - diplo

17. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Pasteurella multocida
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

18. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Heat labile toxin
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Pasteurella multocida
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

19. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
lysozyme
Coagulation cascade - DIC
3 groups in archaea
Killed viral vaccine

20. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
Chlamydia trachomatis
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

21. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Clostridium botulinum
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus

22. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
viral shapes
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Cyanophora paradoxa
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

23. traumatic open wound
C. perfringens
Unimmunised kids
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

24. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

25. Requires presence of oxygen
aerobic
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Clindamycin or ampicillin
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

26. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin

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27. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
plant kingdom
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
B. cereus

28. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Treponema
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

29. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Resistant
Chronic disease - positive during window period

30. portal HTN - parasite
Schistosoma mansori
fungal infection examples (3)
Common cold
mycolic acid - definition

31. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
histoplasmosis
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Azithromycin
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

32. asplenic pt
flagella
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Avain resevoir
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

33. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Lepromatous
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Klebsiella granulomatis

34. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Koch's Postulates 3
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
taxonomic hierarchy

35. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Legionella
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells

36. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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37. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

38. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Does not ferment sorbitol
Metronidazole
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

39. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
plasmid - function
release (AV)
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
HCV

40. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
malaria symptoms
endospores are resistant to (4)
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Legionella

41. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Plasmodium
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
S. aureus

42. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Measles
production of beer and wine

43. What is the main complication of mumps
Silver stain
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Sterility

44. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
M. avium intracellulare
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

45. surgical wound
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
S. aureus

46. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Meningococci

47. What does papillomovirus cause
E. Coli
Borrelia recurrentis
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

48. B12 def - parasite
Diphyllobothrium latum
Koch's Postulates 1
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

49. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Gonococci
plasmolysis
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
R. typhi

50. 10 - 100 micrometers
eukaryotes
penetration (B)
H. flu
how many degrees celsius for mold?