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Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
methanogens
Only borrelia
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
2. Histoplasmosis
species
Children
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
3. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
N. gono causing gono
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
4. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
trichomoniasis symptoms
bacteriophage - definition
5. What does norwalk virus do
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Viral gastroenteritis
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
6. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
nucleic acid
endospores - definition
Cholesterol
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
7. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
gram- positive stain - color
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
8. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
endospores
9. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
acid- fast organism - definition
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
10. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
double- stranded DNA
Type B protease IgA
fungal infection examples (3)
Gambiense - rhodesiense
11. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
bacteria domain
HIV - malnutrition - death
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
E. coli - proteus
12. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
D- K
JC virus causing PML
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
13. PNA in immunCised
Pseudomonas
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Legionella
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
14. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
replication (AV)
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
HBV
15. What kind of virus and family are HBV
DNA hepadnavirus
Antigen in vaccines
Haematobium - bladder
Clostridium botulinum
16. What is the pathophys of mucor
protozoa (3)
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Trigeminal ganglia
17. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Salmonella
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
18. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
19. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
HSV-2 - genital herpes
HBC - hepatitis B
E. coli 0157:H7
20. yeast and mold
Klebsiella granulomatis
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
cytoplasm - definition
21. What bugs are obligate aerobes
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
R. prowazekii
Azithromycin
22. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
bacillus
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Actinomyces isreallii
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
23. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
Aseptic meningitis
pasteurization
Neuraminidase
smooth ER
24. Rupturing of cell
pili - function
lysis
Rifampin
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
25. What are the lab findings for cholera
archaea domain
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
26. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
botulism
Robert Koch
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
27. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
DNA hepadnavirus
Bacteria - STD
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Metronidazole
28. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
double- stranded DNA
Mycoplasma
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
29. Thrush
No - erythromycin
Brucella sp
oral yeast infections =
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
30. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Plasmodium
lysis
31. What treatment is required for cholera
Dipoid RNA
Prompt oral rehydration
Protein A - S. aureus
Rubella
32. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
Resistant
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
33. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Streptococcus mutans
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
lipids (fats) =
34. What does HBsAg indicate
Influenza virus
Histoplasmosis
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
35. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
helical shape - definition
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
36. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Killed viral vaccine
Aseptic meningitis
Malignant otitis externa
37. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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38. rubella - lots of spots
bacillus
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
dormant
39. What is the TX for h pylori
HAV - RNA picornavirus
chemical synthesis...
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
40. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
41. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
halophiles
Severe bacteremia - death
protozoan infections (5)
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
42. How do bacterial capsules function
virus example
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Pasteurella multocida
43. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Antigen in urine
H flu
Sporothrix schenckii
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
44. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Dipoid RNA
chromosome - description
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
45. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
lysozyme
Ingestion of preformed toxin
glycocalyx - description
Pseudomonas
46. What does group B strep cause
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
cilia
47. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
48. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Dipoid RNA
replication for prokaryotes
M. pneumoniae
capsid - function
49. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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50. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
mitochondria - function
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
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