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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Proteus mirabilis
JC virus causing PML
2. How does TSST work
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Salpingitis
Lepromatous
3. What does neg PPD indicated
Staph or enteric GNR
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Vagina
motility of bacteria
4. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
gram- negative stain - explanation
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
5. Apiration PNA - orgs
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Anaerobes
Toxoplasmosis
6. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Gardnerella vaginalis
C. diff
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
7. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Candida albicans
Viridans group streptococci
arrangements - staphylo
8. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
spiral - vibrio
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
9. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Oral and esophageal thrush
assembly (B)
10. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Killed viral vaccine
Parvoviridae
Gambiense - rhodesiense
11. What is pontiac fever
Campylobacter
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
12. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
HIV - sexual
13. burns or air
Pseudomonas
microbiology
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
fimbriae - function
14. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
what envelope contains
Pregnant women
Teichoic acid
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
15. Which are the naked viruses
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Francisella tularenis
16. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
virology
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
17. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host
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18. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
facultative
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
19. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
plasmolysis
Paragonimus westermani
importance of microorganisms
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
20. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
viral shapes
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Louis Pasteur - experiment
21. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
Genetic shift - pandemic
yeast
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
22. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
23. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
protista kingdom
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
24. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
cilia
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Metronidazole
25. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Rifampin
endospores are resistant to (4)
HHV 6 - roseola
26. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
EBV
27. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Pasteurella multocida
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
28. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Pasteurella multocida
Bartonella henselae
adsorption (B)
29. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Salmonella
DNA hepadnavirus
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
30. Sporulation
endospores are formed via
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Rubella german measles
Resistant
31. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
mycology
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
32. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
IVDU
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
33. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Pasteurella multocida
Ring enhancing brain lesions
34. What does p24 do
Oral and esophageal thrush
mycoplasma (5) - description
Capsid protein
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
35. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
HBV
Influenza virus
osmotic pressure
bacteriophage - definition
36. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Bartonella sp
Pasteurella multocida
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
37. What does polyomavirus cause
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Chlamydia trachomatis
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
38. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
39. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Clostridia
40. What does echovirus do
JC virus causing PML
Aseptic meningitis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
HIV - malnutrition - death
41. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
virology
Mumps virus - mumps
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
42. Size - cell structure - replication
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Tellurite agar
43. What stain shows legionella
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Silver stain
Owl's eye inculsions
44. Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage - definition
Entamoeba histolytica
HIV - AIDS
E. coli - proteus
45. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Actinomyces israeli
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
46. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Metronidazole
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
47. Fever and chills
malaria symptoms
Malignant otitis externa
Entertoxigenic E. coli
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
48. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
HDV
49. Agar
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
No - erythromycin
red algae make
50. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
rough ER
S. aureus
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation