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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Motility - protein
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Robert Hooke
Paragonimus westermani
2. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
actinomycetes (3) - description
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
3. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
4. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Klebsiella
spiral - spirillum
5. variola - lots of spots
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
motility of bacteria
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
6. What is the TX for h pylori
Vagina
DNA hepadnavirus
Cell Theory
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
7. What does coronavirus do
Common cold and SARS
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
HIV - sexual
8. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
9. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Only borrelia
Prompt oral rehydration
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
10. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Common cold
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Louis Pasteur
11. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
E. Coli
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
EBV
12. The host cell's plasma membrane
envelope is composed of...
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
13. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Streptococcus mutans
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
14. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Vagina
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
15. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
H flu
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
16. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
S. aureus
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Rubella - respiratory droplets
17. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Common cold and SARS
Oral and esophageal thrush
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Cyanophora paradoxa
18. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
germination
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
L1 - L2 - L3
19. What does rhinovirus do
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Common cold
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
20. What bug produces a red pigment
Yersinia enterocolitica
gram- negative stain - color
Serratia
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
21. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Cmv
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
22. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
23. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
C. perfringens
virology
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Nocardia asteroides
24. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Louis Pasteur
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
25. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Rapid cell division
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
26. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
All of them
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
27. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Clostridium perfringens
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Gambiense - rhodesiense
28. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Serratia marcescens
Hemagluttin
eukaryotes
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
29. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Entertoxigenic E. coli
30. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
envelope is composed of...
Nocardia asteroides
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Toxplasmosis
31. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
interferon
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
S. aureus
32. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
No envelope
HHV-6 roseola
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
medical important mycobacteria
33. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Antigen in vaccines
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
specific
chromosome - description
34. Structure unique to some bacteria
endospores
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Gardnerella vaginalis
CMV
35. Postviral PNA
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Staph or H. flu
species
Koch's Postulates 1
36. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
candidiasis
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Klebsiella granulomatis
Tellurite agar
37. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
eukaryotic organelles - definition
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
H. flu
38. What is a positive Monospot test
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
39. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli - proteus
C. diptheriae
chromosome - function
40. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Elementary body
Resistant
41. What is the main complication of mumps
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Sterility
42. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Clostridium tetani
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Rapid cell division
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
43. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
facultative
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
44. What feature is unique to shigella
bacteriology
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Dipicolinic acid
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
45. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Pseudomonas
46. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Anaerobes
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
47. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
arrangements - staphylo
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
CMV - RSV
48. Rodent viruses (not very common)
gram- positive stain - explanation
Robert Koch
Lower lobe
single- stranded DNA
49. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
10%; viral
S. aureus
50. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Cyanophora paradoxa
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
adsorption (B)