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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
differential staining example
2. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
HIV - AIDS
Trigeminal ganglia
capsid is composed of...
Entamoeba histolytica
3. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
4. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Actic polymerization
5. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
PHV
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
6. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
No - erythromycin
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
viral shapes
7. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Aseptic meningitis
Cholesterol
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
E. coli - proteus
8. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
replication (B)
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
E. Coli
9. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Pseudomonas
10. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Only borrelia
11. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Resistant
Attachment to host T cell
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Candida albicans
12. What does parvovirus cause
nucleic acid
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
13. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
H flu type B
spiral
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
14. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Severe bacteremia - death
Staph or enteric GNR
Owl's eye inculsions
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
15. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
John Needham
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
monera kingdom
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
16. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Actinomyces and nocardia
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Superantigen
double- stranded DNA
17. Size - cell structure - replication
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Gallbladder
18. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Beta hemolytic
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
19. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Clostridium botulinum
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Salmonella typhi
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
20. Will show size and arrangement
simple staining of bacteria
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
8 - orthomyoxovirus
21. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
Staph saprophyticus
HEV
single- stranded RNA
protozoology
22. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Rubella - respiratory droplets
No envelope
Streptococcus mutans
Rose gardner's
23. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
DNA hepadnavirus
Common cold
infection process of animal viruses (6)
24. Binary fission + cytokinesis
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Klebsiella pneumo
replication for prokaryotes
25. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
C. perfringens
Negative
adsorption (AV)
26. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Plasmodium
facultative
27. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
tetanus
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Cigar shaped yeast
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
28. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
specialized flagella
yeast
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
29. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Pseudomonas
E. coli 0157:H7
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
30. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Anti - HBsAb
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
algae characteristics (3)
bacteriology
31. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
glycocalyx - function
bacillus
Actinomyces israeli
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
32. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
mycoplasma (5) - description
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Borrelia recurrentis
33. Allgin and carrageenan
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
food thickeners
34. Which are the herpesviruses
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Francisella tularenis
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
35. Pairs
60%; viruses
arrangements - diplo
HBC - hepatitis B
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
36. What is HBeAg
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Acute/recent infection
37. What is the nl flora in the nose
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
38. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Yes
viruses
eukaryotes
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
39. What are PE signs of PID
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
adsorption (AV)
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
40. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Gambiense - rhodesiense
what envelope contains
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
41. What does norwalk virus do
Cyanophora paradoxa
endospores are resistant to (4)
Viral gastroenteritis
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
42. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
43. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
M. pneumoniae
44. Virus is engulfed by host cell
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
endocytosis...
Echinococcus granulosus
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
45. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
medical important mycobacteria
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Actic polymerization
46. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Clostridium tetani
47. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
H flu type B
HBV
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Clostridium perfringens
48. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
arrangements - staphylo
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
pasteurization
49. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
gram stain - definition
Rabies
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
50. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Pregnant women
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Paragonimus westermani