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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
C. perfringens
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
2. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
acid- fast organism - definition
Recombination
malaria prevention
3. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
plasmolysis
Endosymbiotic Theory
Toxo crosses the placenta
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
4. How do bacterial capsules function
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
H. flu
tetanus
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
5. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Crohns or appendicitis
Oral and esophageal thrush
Entamoeba histolytica
Plasmodium
6. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
capsid is composed of...
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
7. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Lymph nodes
polyhedral shape - defintion
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
8. What are the lab findings for cholera
E. Coli
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Cholesterol
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
9. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Robert Hooke
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Candida albicans
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
10. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Koch's Postulates 2
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
B. cereus
11. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Does not ferment sorbitol
Koch's Postulates 2
PCR/Viral load
uncoating (AV)
12. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
chlamydia
Serratia marcescens
facultative
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
13. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
ribosomes - function
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Ancylostoma - necator
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
14. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Lymph nodes
Metabolic activity without division
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
15. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
16. painless chancre - org and dz
commercial applications
yeast
John Needham
Treponema - primary syphillis
17. What are VRE and What do they cause
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Parvo - single stranded
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
18. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
single- stranded DNA
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Brucella sp
19. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
20. What does norwalk virus do
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Viral gastroenteritis
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
21. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
biogenesis
spiral - vibrio
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
22. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Salmonella
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
spiral - spirillum
23. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Francesco Redi
24. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
penetration (B)
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
25. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
fimbriae - function
Schistosoma mansori
algae characteristics (3)
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
26. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
VZV - chickenpox
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
27. Structure unique to some bacteria
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
endospores
Mucor or rhizopus
Toxoid vaccine
28. What is the TX for h pylori
cell wall - function
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
29. Tissue died
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
gas gangrene
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
30. Requires absence of oxygen
anaerobic
HIV - sexual
production of beer and wine
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
31. What is the triad of HUS
Rubella german measles
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
32. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
monera kingdom
H. pylori
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
33. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
C. diptheriae
cilia
M. kansasii
34. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
35. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
36. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Protein A - S. aureus
Syphillis - sexual contact
37. Herpes - warts
double- stranded DNA
gas gangrene
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Pox - complex
38. health care provider
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
HBV from needle stick
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
39. When is the AIDS dx made
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Muramic acid
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
ABC
40. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
capsid - function
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
41. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
giardia
acid- fast organism - definition
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Envelope proteins
42. When is H flu vaccine give
osmotic lysis
hypertonic solution
plasmolysis
Between 2 and 18 months
43. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
differential staining example
C. diff
glycocalyx - function
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
44. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
helical shape - definition
molds
motility of bacteria
45. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Attachment to host T cell
cytoplasm - definition
Francesco Redi - experiment
what peptidoglycan is composed of
46. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Klebsiella pneumo
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
golgi complex - function
47. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Mumps virus - mumps
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
48. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Recombination
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
49. What is in pneumovax
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Pseudomonas
50. What is the nl flora of the colon
Epiglottitis H flu type B
dormant
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli