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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Surfers in the tropics
Clostridia
Rickettsia rickettsii
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

2. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
IgG Anti - HBcAg
infection process of animal viruses (6)
viruses

3. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Motility - protein
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
taxonomic hierarchy

4. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
H. flu
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Sporothrix schenckii

5. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Gallbladder
Metronidazole
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

6. Where does group B strep colonize
Vagina
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
five fields of microbiology

7. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
single- stranded RNA
10 to 12
algae characteristics (3)
Entamoeba histolytica

8. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Reassortment
E. Coli
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

9. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

10. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
S. aureus
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation

11. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Trigeminal ganglia
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Sacral ganglia

12. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Strep bovis - also group D

13. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Rapid cell division

14. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
Serratia
pili - function
motility of bacteria
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

15. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Staph or H. flu
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

16. What is the nl flora on the skin
Common cold and SARS
S. epidermidis
botulism
Viridans group streptococci

17. Minor changes based on random mutation
Common cold and SARS
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Genetic drift - epidemic

18. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

19. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
cytoplasm - definition
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
medical important mycobacteria

20. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
pili - function
Cryptosporidium
EBV

21. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Trigeminal ganglia
S. aureus
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

22. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
HBC - hepatitis B
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
methanogens

23. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Saucer shaped yeast forms
peptidoglycan - definition
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
All of them

24. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
10 to 12
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
N. gono causing gono

25. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
R. typhi
golgi complex - function
Staph or H. flu
CMV

26. When is H flu vaccine give
Hemagluttin
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Toxoid vaccine
Between 2 and 18 months

27. What does gp41 do
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Fusion and entry
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Histoplasmosis

28. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
humans do not have
Bartonella sp

29. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
Klebsiella
HSV-2 - genital herpes
E. coli - proteus
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

30. What are the symptoms of TB
Syphillis - sexual contact
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease

31. What bugs are obligate aerobes
cell membrane - function
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe

32. Multicellular and aerobic
monera kingdom
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
molds
Children

33. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
glycocalyx - function
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

34. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Elevated CRP and ESR
Group B strep
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Gambiense - rhodesiense

35. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
E. coli - proteus
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

36. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
pseudopodia
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
single- stranded DNA

37. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

38. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
chromosome - function
Robert Koch

39. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Legionella
medical important mycobacteria

40. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
histoplasmosis
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

41. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Lepromatous
histoplasmosis
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

42. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
species
S. aureus
gas gangrene
motility of bacteria

43. Requires presence of oxygen
Cell Theory
aerobic
Chlamydia trachomatis
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

44. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

45. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Borrelia burgdorferi
Only humoral - stable
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
envelope is composed of...

46. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Muramic acid
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
release (AV)
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

47. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
lysozyme
Killed/inactivated
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

48. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein

49. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
giardia
E. Coli
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
C. diff

50. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host