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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
spiral

2. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

3. How is legionella detected clinically
species
Antigen in urine
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

4. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
Coagulation cascade - DIC
pasteurization
icosahedron
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

5. 10 - 100 micrometers
S. aureus
eukarya domain
Vulvuvaginitis
eukaryotes

6. What are VRE and What do they cause
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
plasmolysis
HHV-6 roseola
Salmonella

7. Tightly coiled
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Resistant
spiral - spirochete

8. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
glycocalyx - function
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
EBV

9. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
60%; viruses

10. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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11. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
Crohns or appendicitis
cell wall - function
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

12. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
microbiology
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

13. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
taxonomic hierarchy

14. liver cysts - parasite
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Salmonella typhi
Echinococcus granulosus

15. What is the triad of HUS
cytoplasm - definition
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

16. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Proteus mirabilis
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Recombination

17. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Neuraminidase
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

18. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Azithromycin

19. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
replication (AV)
production of beer and wine
cytoplasm - definition

20. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Motility - protein
replication (AV)
Unimmunised kids

21. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
cilia - function
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
All of them
Francisella tularenis

22. B12 def - parasite
Diphyllobothrium latum
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Reassortment
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

23. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
B cells
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Motility - protein
Rabies

24. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
Mumps virus - mumps
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
protozoa (3)
Reoviridae - rotavirus

25. Which bacteria are spirochetes
malaria
Klebsiella
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

26. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Borrelia recurrentis
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
endocytosis...

27. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
nucleic acid
Hemagluttin
Bordetella pertussis
cytoplasm - definition

28. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
CMV - RSV
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
acid- fast organism - definition

29. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Many treponemas
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec

30. What can PID cause
Does not ferment sorbitol
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
dormant

31. Cyst with four nuclei
bacteriology
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
hypotonic solution
Entamoeba hisotlytica

32. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Clostridium botulinum
DNA hepadnavirus
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart

33. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
simple staining of bacteria
what many pathogenic fungi are

34. yeast and mold
Measles
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Bacteria - STD
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

35. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
icosahedron
arrangements of bacteria

36. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Doxycycline
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

37. What does parainfluenza cause
eukarya domain
Strep bovis - also group D
Croup - seal like barking cough
algae characteristics (3)

38. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
C. perfringens
production of beer and wine
Pseudomonas
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

39. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
red algae make
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
M. kansasii
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells

40. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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41. Requires presence of oxygen
anaerobic
histoplasmosis
Envelope proteins
aerobic

42. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Ancylostoma - necator
No - erythromycin
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability

43. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
protozoa (3)
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis

44. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
gram- positive cell wall
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
flagella - function
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

45. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Klebsiella

46. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Type B protease IgA
Proteus mirabilis
Dark field microscopy
Meningococci

47. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Bacteria - STD
CMV
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid

48. currant jelly sputum
Neuraminidase
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Klebsiella

49. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
Bacteria - STD
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

50. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Campylobacter
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
smooth ER