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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allows nutrients in - waste out
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
M. kansasii
Many treponemas
cell membrane - function
2. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Reoviridae - rotavirus
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
3. PNA in elderly
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
4. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
fimbriae - function
rough ER
Parvo - single stranded
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
5. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
H flu type B
Louis Pasteur - experiment
viruses
peptidoglycan - definition
6. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Antigen in vaccines
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Klebsiella granulomatis
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
7. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
rickettsia
Protein A - S. aureus
facultative
8. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Metabolic activity without division
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
9. Which males have UTIs
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
10. What does coronavirus do
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Avain resevoir
Common cold and SARS
Bacteria - STD
11. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Actinomyces and nocardia
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
icosahedron
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
12. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
Beta hemolytic
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
13. What does coxaskcievirus do
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Common cold
trichomoniasis symptoms
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
14. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
malaria symptoms
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
15. What organisms stain with PAS
16. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Acid fast organisms
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
17. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
halophiles
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
18. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Dipicolinic acid
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Elementary body
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
19. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
HSV-2 - genital herpes
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
20. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
biogenesis
M. kansasii
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
humans do not have
21. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
mycoplasma (5) - description
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
22. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Ancylostoma - necator
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
23. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Endosymbiotic Theory
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Haematobium - bladder
24. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Pseudomonas
Actinomyces
Paracoccidioidomycosis
25. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Acid fast organisms
species
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
26. What is the TX for pseudomonas
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Borrelia burgdorferi
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
27. PNA in CF
Oral and esophageal thrush
pseudopodia
complex virus example
Pseudomonas
28. Sick cell trait
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
29. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
malaria
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
30. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
cell membrane - function
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
hypotonic solution
31. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Elevated CRP and ESR
Francesco Redi - experiment
32. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
33. What kind of virus and family are HBV
DNA hepadnavirus
dormant
S - definition
acid- fast organism - definition
34. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Bordetella pertussis
Haematobium - bladder
35. What is the TX for candidiasis
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
arrangements - staphylo
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
36. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
structures of prokaryotic cell
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Surfers in the tropics
flagella - function
37. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
bacteriology
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
38. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Pseudomonas
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
halophiles
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
39. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
adsorption (B)
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
40. Mycotoxin
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Doxycycline
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
41. What does meningococci cause
Pasteurella multocida
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
42. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Lower lobe
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Vagina
anaerobic
43. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
histoplasmosis
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Histoplasmosis
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
44. yeast infection
many humans would test antibody positive for this
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
uncoating (AV)
candidiasis
45. What does norwalk virus do
Fungi
Viral gastroenteritis
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
species
46. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
acid- fast organism - definition
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
gram stain - definition
47. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Genetic shift - pandemic
L1 - L2 - L3
Antigen associated with core of HBV
48. Clusters
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
molds
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
arrangements - staphylo
49. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
structures of prokaryotic cell
Meningococci
Immediately upon exposure
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
50. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
cell wall - function
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
helical shape - definition
No envelope