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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Histoplasmosis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
viruses
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
2. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
hypotonic solution
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Measles rubeola - measles
Cigar shaped yeast
3. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Actinomyces israeli
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
4. What does echovirus do
Resistant
protista kingdom
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Aseptic meningitis
5. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
H flu
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
cytoplasm - definition
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
6. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Doxycycline
fungal infection examples (3)
protista kingdom
Bacillus anthracis
7. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
H flu type B
flagella - description
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Killed/inactivated
8. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
chemical synthesis...
No - erythromycin
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
9. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
10. The host cell's plasma membrane
envelope is composed of...
Borrelia burgdorferi
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
11. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Klebsiella pneumo
smooth ER
12. Blue
not acid- fast - colo
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
C. perfringens
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
13. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Pseudomonas
Bacillus anthracis
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
14. 80S = 60S + 40S
osmotic pressure
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
15. What features are unique to salmonella
No cell wall
Pen
N. gono causing gono
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
16. Problem with food preservation - canning
Vulvuvaginitis
Azithromycin
botulism
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
17. Mycotoxin
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
18. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Food - fingers - feces - flies
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
19. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
viruses
flaccid paralysis
Tellurite agar
C. perfringens
20. what dpes gp120 do
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Attachment to host T cell
Common cold and SARS
what peptidoglycan is composed of
21. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Guillain barre
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
22. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
spiral - spirochete
23. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
osmotic pressure
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
24. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
taxonomic hierarchy
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Nucleus - except parvovirus
25. When do gram pos rods form spores
Pasteurella multocida
When nutriets are limited
Pregnant women
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
26. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
10 to 12
S - definition
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
spontaneous generation
27. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
28. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Lymph nodes
cell membrane - function
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
29. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Anaerobes
30. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Yersinia pestis
CMV retinitis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Measles
31. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Mycoplasma - have sterols
32. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Dipoid RNA
Epiglottitis H flu type B
envelope - definition
fimbriae - function
33. Bacteriophage
Immediately upon exposure
complex virus example
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
34. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
bacillus
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Bat - racoon - skunk
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
35. What is Anti - HBeAg
double- stranded DNA
Pen
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
36. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
No cell wall
Lepromatous
Gardnerella vaginalis
C tetani
37. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
H. flu
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
release (AV)
38. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Treponema - primary syphillis
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
not acid- fast - colo
8 - orthomyoxovirus
39. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
HCV
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
40. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
replication for eukaryotes
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
41. What bugs are urease pos
Only borrelia
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Cholesterol
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
42. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Yes
Unimmunised kids
Severe bacteremia - death
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
43. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
cell membrane - function
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
44. 1 - 10 micrometers
chromosome - description
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
prokaryotes
45. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
trichomoniasis...
HIV - sexual
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
46. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Serratia marcescens
Mycobacterium
Lazzaro Spallanzani
47. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
fimbriae - function
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Reoviridae - rotavirus
48. Pink
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
gram- negative stain - color
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
49. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
50. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
replication for eukaryotes