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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
HBC - hepatitis B
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Klebsiella
what peptidoglycan is composed of
2. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Recombination
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Sporothrix schenckii
Pasteurella multocida
3. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Proteus mirabilis
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Clindamycin or ampicillin
4. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Malignant otitis externa
5. Cyst with four nuclei
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Candida and aspergillus
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
6. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
not acid- fast - colo
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Sacral ganglia
Robert Koch
7. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
differential staining of bacteria
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Teichoic acid
8. pediatric infxn
Entamoeba hisotlytica
they are eukaryotes
IVDU
H flu
9. What bug produces a red pigment
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
HBV
gram- negative cell wall
Serratia
10. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Palivizumab
B cells
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
11. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
smooth ER
Beta hemolytic
Group B strep
oxygen requirements of bacteria
12. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Measles rubeola - measles
Specialized transduction - an excision event
13. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
mycology
Recombination
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
14. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
HIV - sexual
endocytosis...
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
15. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Recombination
fungi
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Epiglottitis H flu type B
16. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
algology
17. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
18. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
gram- negative stain - explanation
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Dark field microscopy
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
19. What is the treatment for syphillis
Actinomyces and nocardia
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Pen
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
20. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
assembly (AV)
Strep bovis - also group D
PCR/Viral load
Lymph nodes
21. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Heat labile toxin
Bacillus anthracis
22. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Syphillis - sexual contact
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
HHV-6 roseola
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
23. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Lepromatous
eukaryotic organelles (5)
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
24. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
S. aureus
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
25. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
capsid is composed of...
D- K
S - definition
26. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
eukaryotes
Measles
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
27. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
HEV
Hemagluttin
S. aureus
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
28. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
fimbriae - function
Bat - racoon - skunk
29. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
gram- positive cell wall
Avain resevoir
30. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
Antigen in urine
Toxo crosses the placenta
single- stranded DNA
lysozyme
31. meningitis in >60
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Bacteria - STD
Paragonimus westermani
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
32. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
ASO titer
Ingestion of preformed toxin
prokaryotes
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
33. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Cmv
icosahedron
Immediately upon exposure
Paragonimus westermani
34. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
chromosome - description
Unimmunised kids
VZV - chickenpox
35. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Owl's eye inculsions
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
production of beer and wine
36. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Theory of Biogenesis
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
37. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
helical shape - definition
Streptococcus mutans
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Clostridia
38. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
microaerophilic
Lactose fermenting enterics
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
39. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Metabolic activity without division
Trigeminal ganglia
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
40. yeast infection
Azithromycin
HBC - hepatitis B
candidiasis
Anti - HAVAb IgM
41. Who typically gets sporothrix
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42. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
rickettsia
golgi complex - function
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
43. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Does not ferment sorbitol
Serratia
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
44. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
gram- negative cell wall
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
45. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Doxycycline
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
46. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
47. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Candida
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
48. Spiral
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
spiral - spirillum
49. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Actinomyces isreallii
Food - fingers - feces - flies
arrangements of bacteria
50. What organisms stain with india ink
malaria symptoms
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium