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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
yeast
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein

2. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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3. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Candida albicans
S. aureus
chemical synthesis...

4. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
pasteurization
Common cold and SARS

5. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
hypotonic solution
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor

6. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
methanogens
Enteroinvasive E. coli
hyperthermophiles
When nutriets are limited

7. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
E. coli
Chlamydia trachomatis
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
malaria symptoms

8. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
replication (B)
mycology
Enterobacter cloacae
S. aureus

9. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Robert Hooke
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
fungi kingdom
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

10. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Vagina
Robert Hooke
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Cyanophora paradoxa

11. What is the nl flora on the skin
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
S. epidermidis
anaerobic

12. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Neisseria
HIV - sexual
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

13. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Muramic acid
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV

14. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
capsid - function
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

15. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Oral and esophageal thrush
Bacterial superinfection
Pseudomonas

16. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
acid- fast organism - definition
Sporothrix schenckii

17. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Rapid cell division
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe

18. 37 celsius
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Palivizumab
flagella - function
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR

19. ____ do no treat viral infections
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
antibiotics
Pseudomonas

20. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
H. pylori
Candida albicans

21. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

22. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Surfers in the tropics
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
replication (AV)
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

23. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Beta hemolytic
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Neisseria

24. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Trigeminal ganglia
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Double zone of hemolysis
Elementary body

25. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
fungi kingdom

26. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Negative
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Borrelia burgdorferi

27. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Crohns or appendicitis
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

28. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
protozoa (3)
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Enteroinvasive E. coli

29. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Lower lobe
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Paragonimus westermani

30. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
8 - orthomyoxovirus
algae characteristics (3)
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Robert Koch

31. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Candida
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Pasteurella multocida

32. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
malaria
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
five fields of microbiology

33. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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34. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
importance of microorganisms

35. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
IVDU
Lower lobe
Mucor or rhizopus
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

36. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
VZV - chickenpox
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Actinomyces
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

37. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
red tide
staining of bacteria
trichomoniasis...
medical important mycobacteria

38. The host cell's plasma membrane
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
envelope is composed of...
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Yersinia pestis

39. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Weil Felix test
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
cilia

40. What bug grows on eaton's agar
M. pneumoniae
plasmid - definition
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Lymph nodes

41. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Group B strep
spiral - spirochete
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

42. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Salmonella
Louis Pasteur - experiment
envelope is composed of...
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus

43. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Azithromycin
five kingdoms of microorganisms

44. What does neg PPD indicated
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
plasmid - definition

45. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Pregnant women
Tellurite agar
algae characteristics (3)

46. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
adsorption (AV)
Viridans group streptococci
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

47. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
malaria symptoms
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal

48. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Pseudomonas
food industry
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli

49. What does M protein do - who has it
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Endosymbiotic Theory
simple staining of bacteria
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

50. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
D- K
prokaryotes
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)