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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Rifampin
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
golgi complex - function
plant kingdom

2. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
eukaryotes
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Epiglottitis H flu type B

3. portal HTN - parasite
gram- negative cell wall
Klebsiella pneumo
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Schistosoma mansori

4. What is the Ghon complex
Nematode in undercooked meat
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures

5. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
coccus
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Salpingitis

6. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
gram stain - definition
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Mycobacterium

7. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Double zone of hemolysis
Sacral ganglia
Candida and aspergillus

8. Contains genetic material
chromosome - function
Metabolic activity without division
interferon
spontaneous generation

9. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

10. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Meningococci
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis

11. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
L1 - L2 - L3
<30 - military - prisons

12. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Gallbladder
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
eukarya domain
cilia - function

13. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Cyanophora paradoxa
Gonococci
HEV

14. Tissue died
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
gas gangrene
Tetracycline or erythromycin

15. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Treponema
assembly (B)
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Trigeminal ganglia

16. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
M. avium intracellulare
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Vulvuvaginitis
Guillain barre

17. Ability to move via flagella
rough ER
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
motility of bacteria
lipids (fats) =

18. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
golgi complex - function
humans do not have
Recombination
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

19. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Lepromatous
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Neisseria
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation

20. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
rough ER
chemical synthesis...
cytoplasm - definition

21. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Enteroinvasive E. coli

22. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
three domains of microorganisms
Viridans group streptococci
Strep bovis - also group D
microbiology

23. What are the symptoms of TB
release (AV)
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
dormant
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

24. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Pasteurella multocida
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Coagulation cascade - DIC

25. What is the nl flora in the nose
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

26. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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27. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
N. gono causing gono
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Weil Felix test

28. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Beta hemolytic
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

29. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Actinomyces
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Mycobacterium
capsid is composed of...

30. What does parvovirus cause
candidiasis
Cryptococcus neoformans
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
John Needham

31. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Clostridium perfringens
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
acid- fast organism - definition
how many degrees celsius for mold?

32. What happens in tertiary syphillis
plasmid - definition
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
specialized flagella
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils

33. In who does HEV have high mortality
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
malaria prevention
Pregnant women
Severe bacteremia - death

34. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Lazzaro Spallanzani
H. flu
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines

35. What is pontiac fever
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
fermentation - definition
virology
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

36. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Rose gardner's
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

37. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
virus example
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Between 2 and 18 months

38. Comma- shaped
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
spiral - vibrio
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
capsid - function

39. Allgin and carrageenan
helical shape - definition
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
M. tuberculosis
food thickeners

40. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
C. perfringens
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

41. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
virology
protista kingdom
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

42. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
ABC
cilia - function

43. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
peptidoglycan - definition
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

44. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
60%; viruses
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma

45. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

46. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Severe bacteremia - death
glycocalyx - function
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Avain resevoir

47. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Measles rubeola - measles
microbiology
Diphyllobothrium latum

48. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
microaerophilic
Saucer shaped yeast forms
gram stain - definition
Paramyxovirus; measles

49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
interferon
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI

50. Tightly coiled
Nocardia asteroides
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
spiral - spirochete