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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
pasteurization
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
2. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
ABC
3. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Teichoic acid
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
4. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Cell Theory
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
5. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
molds
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Pneumoniae and psittaci
genus
6. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Unimmunised kids
Clostridium botulinum
No cell wall
7. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Type B protease IgA
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
ribosomes - function
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
8. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Strep bovis - also group D
9. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
necrosis
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
10. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease
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11. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Meningococci
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
12. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
cilia - function
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Only humoral - stable
13. Multicellular and aerobic
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
molds
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
14. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
PHV
E. coli 0157:H7
gram- positive cell wall
15. What does parvovirus cause
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Schistosoma mansori
16. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Negative
Bartonella henselae
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
HHV-8 - KS
17. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
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18. What is the TX for h pylori
Cigar shaped yeast
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
19. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Campylocobacter jejuni
Rubella
Mycoplasma - have sterols
malaria prevention
20. What feature is unique to shigella
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Rickettsia rickettsii
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
21. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Type B protease IgA
JC virus causing PML
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
22. HaemoPhilus causes....
Strep bovis - also group D
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
23. Comma- shaped
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
protista kingdom
spiral - vibrio
Strep pneumo and viridans
24. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Croup - seal like barking cough
Common cold and SARS
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
25. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Klebsiella granulomatis
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
26. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Shigella
flagella - function
chromosome - function
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
27. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
fungi kingdom
replication (AV)
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
28. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
animal kingdom
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Yersinia pestis
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
29. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Fusion and entry
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Anaerobes
30. What is the treatment for syphillis
arrangements - diplo
bacillus
fimbriae - function
Pen
31. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
chemical synthesis...
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
viral shapes
32. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
capsid - function
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
they are eukaryotes
what envelope contains
33. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Lower lobe
species
food industry
Proteus mirabilis
34. What is the TX for gardnerella
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Metronidazole
motility of bacteria
Pen
35. What does salmonella typhi cause
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
rickettsia
fermentation - definition
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
36. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Actinomyces isreallii
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Azithromycin
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
37. What are prion disease caused by
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Pox - complex
HHV-8 - KS
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
38. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
3 groups in archaea
virology
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
39. Where do CMV cells remain latent
single- stranded RNA
Mononuclear cells
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
40. Agar
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
red algae make
41. asplenic pt
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
adsorption (AV)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
42. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Metabolic activity without division
Klebsiella
Mice - deer
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
43. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Anti - HBsAb
replication for prokaryotes
specific
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
44. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
staining of bacteria
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
45. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Clostridium tetani
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Salmonella
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
46. Trichomonas
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
flagella
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
47. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
they are eukaryotes
Klebsiella granulomatis
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
three domains of microorganisms
48. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Schistosoma haematobium
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
not acid- fast - colo
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
49. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
necrosis
chemical synthesis...
Ring enhancing brain lesions
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
50. Where do DNA viruses replicate
chromosome - description
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
E. Coli