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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
viral shapes
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
bacteria domain
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
2. How do you treat lyme disease
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
PHV
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
eukaryotes
3. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
gram- positive stain - color
4. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
cell membrane - function
Proteus mirabilis
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
5. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
flagella
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Bartonella henselae
Coagulation cascade - DIC
6. Are there carriers for HDV
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Yes
rough ER
Vagina
7. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
R. typhi
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Viral gastroenteritis
8. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease
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9. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Only humoral - stable
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Metronidazole
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
10. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Rifampin
Silver stain
C. diptheriae
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
11. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
plasmid - function
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
structures of prokaryotic cell
Koch's Postulates 4
12. rubeola - lots of spots
Bat - racoon - skunk
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Paramyxovirus; measles
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
13. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
capsid - definition
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
HIV - sexual
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
14. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Pasteurella multocida
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
double- stranded DNA
15. Capitalized/italics or underlined
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
they are eukaryotes
genus
16. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
what envelope contains
acid- fast - color
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
17. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
chlamydia
lysozyme
bacteria domain
plasmid - definition
18. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
eukarya domain
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
19. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
commercial applications
tetanus
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
20. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
malaria prevention
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
21. Where does group B strep colonize
Salmonella
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Double zone of hemolysis
Vagina
22. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
23. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
lipids (fats) =
PCR/Viral load
flagella - function
24. What bug produces a yellow pigment
S. aureus
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
plasmolysis
Does not ferment sorbitol
25. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Cyanophora paradoxa
26. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
histoplasmosis
Lepromatous
helical shape - definition
27. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
HHV-6 roseola
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
endocytosis...
28. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
Salmonella
H. flu
spiral
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
29. 1 - 10 micrometers
prokaryotes
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
E. Coli
30. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
hypertonic solution
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
giardia
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
31. What is legionnaires disease
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Mycoplasma
Severe pneumonia
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
32. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Croup - seal like barking cough
Viridans group streptococci
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Lactose fermenting enterics
33. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
Gardnerella vaginalis
Envelope proteins
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Serratia marcescens
34. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Children
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
35. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
botulism
All of them
36. Allgin and carrageenan
taxonomic hierarchy
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
food thickeners
DNA hepadnavirus
37. Herpes - warts
Pseudomonas
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
acid- fast - color
double- stranded DNA
38. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
ASO titer
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
histoplasmosis
glycocalyx - description
39. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
histoplasmosis
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Gonococci
Azithromycin
40. Contains genetic material
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
chromosome - function
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
41. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
C tetani
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
42. Tightly coiled
spiral - spirochete
Surfers in the tropics
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
structures of prokaryotic cell
43. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
M. tuberculosis
Ancylostoma - necator
44. Study of algae
algology
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
45. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
R. typhi
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
replication for prokaryotes
46. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
47. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
48. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
endospores are formed via
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
49. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Neuraminidase
VZV - chickenpox
50. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
S. aureus
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
plant kingdom
virus example