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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
trichomoniasis...
plasmolysis

2. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Robert Hooke
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Tetracycline or erythromycin

3. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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4. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
IVDU
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

5. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Hemagluttin
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

6. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Staph saprophyticus
Oral and esophageal thrush

7. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Coagulation cascade - DIC
chloroplasts - function
complex virus example
10%; viral

8. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
biogenesis

9. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
taxonomic hierarchy
Koch's Postulates 4
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

10. What bug grows on eaton's agar
M. pneumoniae
spiral - spirillum
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV

11. Requires presence of oxygen
Strep bovis - also group D
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
aerobic
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

12. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Toxplasmosis
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

13. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
Pen
endospores - definition
protozoan infections (5)
Pseudomonas

14. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
lipids (fats) =
Borrelia burgdorferi
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
C tetani

15. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
plasmid - definition
oral yeast infections =
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension

16. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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17. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
C. diptheriae
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Sporothrix schenckii
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

18. 37 celsius
Azithromycin
Protein A - S. aureus
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults

19. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Acute/recent infection
osmotic lysis
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

20. How is treponema visualized
Dark field microscopy
Borrelia burgdorferi
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease

21. Which are the herpesviruses
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
three domains of microorganisms
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Treponema - primary syphillis

22. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Teichoic acid
methanogens
malaria symptoms

23. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Clostridium botulinum
bacteria domain
Elevated CRP and ESR
PHV

24. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Toxo crosses the placenta
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

25. Mycotoxin
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Bordetella pertussis
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

26. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
specialized flagella
Pseudomonas
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

27. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Envelope proteins
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Severe bacteremia - death
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

28. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

29. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Rapid cell division
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
bacillus
replication for eukaryotes

30. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

31. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Rose gardner's
endocytosis...
Actinomyces
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

32. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Measles
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

33. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
humans do not have
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

34. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
S. aureus
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

35. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
not acid- fast - colo
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Chlamydia trachomatis

36. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
EBV

37. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Cryptococcus neoformans
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Lymph nodes
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

38. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Salpingitis
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

39. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
adsorption (AV)
endospores

40. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Capsid protein
Anti - HAVAb IgM

41. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Louis Pasteur

42. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
penetration (B)
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
M. pneumoniae
When nutriets are limited

43. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause

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44. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
plasmid - function
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
No - erythromycin
Toxo crosses the placenta

45. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
medical important mycobacteria
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Beta hemolytic

46. Which are the RNA enveloped viruses
hyperthermophiles
spiral - vibrio
Prompt oral rehydration
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV

47. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
protozoa (3)
glycocalyx - function
Clindamycin or ampicillin
fungal infection examples (3)

48. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Koch's Postulates 2
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Ancylostoma - necator
Severe pneumonia

49. Will show special structures
special staining of bacteria
C. diptheriae
M. tuberculosis
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

50. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans