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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
chromosome - description
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

2. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Hemagluttin
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

3. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
cell wall - function
Metronidazole
Meningococci
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

4. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Strep bovis - also group D
what many pathogenic fungi are
Clonorchis sinensis
hypertonic solution

5. What happens in tertiary syphillis
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
assembly (AV)

6. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Metronidazole
Entertoxigenic E. coli
algae characteristics (3)

7. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
Hemagluttin
H. pylori
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
hyperthermophiles

8. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
chloroplasts - function
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
B cells

9. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Brucella sp
Lepromatous
Serratia marcescens

10. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
H. pylori
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

11. 37 celsius
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
eukaryotes
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

12. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
C. botulinum
C. diff

13. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
interferon
bacteriophage - definition

14. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
S. aureus
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

15. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Guillain barre

16. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Rifampin

17. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Pseudomonas
Bartonella henselae
CMV - RSV
what envelope contains

18. Who typically gets sporothrix

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19. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
smooth ER
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

20. What bugs are obligate aerobes
replication (B)
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe

21. Size - cell structure - replication
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Lymph nodes
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

22. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

23. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Yersinia pestis
rough ER
single- stranded DNA
chemical synthesis...

24. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Cryptococcus neoformans
<30 - military - prisons
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

25. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

26. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
N. gono causing gono
Protein A - S. aureus
molds
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

27. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Measles rubeola - measles
10%; viral
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

28. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
D- K
they are eukaryotes
Staph saprophyticus
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

29. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Francisella tularenis
monera kingdom
flagella - description

30. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Vulvuvaginitis

31. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
specific
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

32. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
Klebsiella pneumo
EBV
capsid - function

33. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
CMV
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
gram- negative stain - explanation
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

34. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
peptidoglycan - definition
medical important mycobacteria
Strep bovis - also group D
pili - function

35. dog or cat bite
Nocardia asteroides
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Pasteurella multocida
gram- positive stain - color

36. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
not acid- fast - colo
Enterobacter cloacae
Common cold

37. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
PHV
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

38. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Actinomyces
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria

39. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Brucella sp
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Serratia marcescens

40. What species causing watery diarrhea is comma shaped organism producing a rice water diarrhea
Virbrio cholera
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
C. perfringens
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

41. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Parvoviridae
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

42. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Bacteria - STD
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Recombination

43. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Rabies
cell wall - function
Pseudomonas

44. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
hypertonic solution
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Muramic acid
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata

45. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
HIV - AIDS
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
No cell wall
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

46. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Attachment to host T cell
Only humoral - stable
H flu
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

47. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
Pregnant women
Rubella
fungi kingdom
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

48. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
plant kingdom
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

49. What does p24 do
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Transformation or competence
Capsid protein

50. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
VZV - chickenpox
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen