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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
HIV - malnutrition - death
trichomoniasis symptoms
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

2. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
virology
Paragonimus westermani
Rubella german measles

3. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
interferon
malaria prevention
Cholesterol
Killed/inactivated

4. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Metronidazole
Transformation or competence
Salmonella

5. Are there carriers for HDV
Yersinia pestis
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Yes
arrangements - staphylo

6. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
spiral - spirochete
Group B strep - E. coli
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

7. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Actinomyces isreallii
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

8. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Immediately upon exposure
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Dark field microscopy
Muramic acid

9. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
taxonomic hierarchy
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

10. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Koch's Postulates 3
Staph or H. flu
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

11. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Rose gardner's

12. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

13. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Silver stain
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Palivizumab

14. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
replication for prokaryotes
glycocalyx - function
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

15. B12 def - parasite
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Diphyllobothrium latum

16. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
release (B)
Chlamydia trachomatis
simple staining of bacteria
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

17. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
icosahedron
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

18. Death of tissue
Measles
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
necrosis
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

19. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
hypotonic solution
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia

20. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
S. aureus
Severe bacteremia - death
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

21. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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22. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Enterobius
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Mycobacterium

23. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
germination
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain

24. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
plasmid - definition
replication (AV)
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

25. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Viral gastroenteritis
Common cold
endospores are resistant to (4)

26. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
species
Does not ferment sorbitol

27. What are the 3 C's for measles
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
molds
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

28. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
penetration (B)

29. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
osmotic lysis

30. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
acid- fast organism - definition
Candida and aspergillus
Pasteurella multocida
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

31. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
10%; viral
Salpingitis
Cholesterol

32. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Elevated CRP and ESR
spiral
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata

33. Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift - epidemic
Type B protease IgA
C tetani
motility of bacteria

34. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
what many pathogenic fungi are
C. perfringens
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
in prokaryotic cell membranes -

35. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
Robert Koch
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV

36. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
release (B)
Pneumoniae and psittaci

37. What is the triad of HUS
HIV - sexual
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Oral and esophageal thrush
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure

38. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Unimmunised kids
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

39. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
C. diptheriae
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

40. Provides structure
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
cell wall - function
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

41. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
taxonomic hierarchy
production of beer and wine
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease

42. Study of bacteria
smooth ER
spiral - vibrio
bacteriology
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

43. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Antigen in urine
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Severe bacteremia - death
fungi kingdom

44. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Influenza virus
mycology
Francesco Redi - experiment
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Reoviridae - rotavirus
archaea domain
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
DNA hepadnavirus

46. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
R. typhi
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
malaria symptoms
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather

47. health care provider
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
HBV from needle stick
Koch's Postulates 4
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus

48. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Toxo crosses the placenta
Mycobacterium
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
what peptidoglycan is composed of

49. What are prion disease caused by
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Superantigen
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Sterility

50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
oral yeast infections =
spiral
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
how do viruses take over a host cell?