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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Candida
Epiglottitis H flu type B
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Actinomyces

2. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
HCV
Toxplasmosis
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo

3. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
aerobic
E. coli 0157:H7
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
John Needham

4. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Only humoral - stable
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Cmv
Ingestion of preformed toxin

5. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Campylobacter
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

6. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures

7. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
lysis
Ring enhancing brain lesions
ribosomes - function

8. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
R. typhi
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

9. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Francesco Redi
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
fungi kingdom
taxonomic hierarchy

10. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
uncoating (AV)
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

11. What is a positive Monospot test
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
infection process of bacteriophage (5)

12. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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13. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
viruses
C. perfringens
capsid - function

14. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Strep bovis - also group D
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
HBV

15. varicella - lots of spots
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

16. What does meningococci cause
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria

17. Comma- shaped
spiral - vibrio
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Palivizumab
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

18. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
CMV - RSV
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

19. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
penetration (B)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Clostridia
arrangements - strepto...

20. Are there carriers for HDV
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Yes
algae characteristics (3)

21. Study of fungi
When nutriets are limited
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
mycology

22. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Klebsiella granulomatis
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
glycocalyx - function
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

23. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Resistant
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

24. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
HIV - sexual
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Yeast - protazoan

25. 1 - 10 micrometers
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Bartonella sp
prokaryotes

26. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
Rubella
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

27. microcytic anemia - parasite
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
gram- positive stain - explanation
Ancylostoma - necator
Dipoid RNA

28. CO2 concentration and temperature
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
HHV-8 - KS
spiral - spirillum
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

29. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Many treponemas
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
acid- fast - color
Mycobacterium

30. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Reoviridae - rotavirus
capsid is composed of...
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Rubella german measles

31. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Enteroinvasive E. coli
N. gono causing gono
B. cereus
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

32. What does Rubella virus cause
John Needham
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
IVDU
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)

33. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
characteristics of bacteria (5)
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Gardnerella vaginalis
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

34. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Protein A - S. aureus
Superantigen
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes

35. Rod- shaped
bacillus
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
cell membrane - definition

36. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Koch's Postulates 1
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

37. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
trichomoniasis symptoms
staining of bacteria
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

38. 37 celsius
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Cigar shaped yeast
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

39. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

40. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Enterobacter cloacae
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease

41. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
flagella - function
plasmolysis
100 micrometers
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe

42. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

43. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
single- stranded RNA
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Recombination
Oral and esophageal thrush

44. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

45. Tightly coiled
spiral - spirochete
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Anti - HBsAb
Aseptic meningitis

46. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

47. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Dipicolinic acid

48. Pink
chromosomes in nucleus are...
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
gram- negative stain - color

49. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease

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50. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin