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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Shigella
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
2. Comma- shaped
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
helical shape - definition
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
spiral - vibrio
3. Apiration PNA - orgs
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Anaerobes
double- stranded DNA
Cryptosporidium
4. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
IVDU
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
archaea domain
Gardnerella vaginalis
5. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
M. kansasii
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Doxycycline
6. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Virbrio cholera
Klebsiella
7. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
lysozyme
glycocalyx - description
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
8. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
fungi
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
9. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
N. gono causing gono
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
10. Problem with food preservation - canning
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
how many degrees celsius for mold?
botulism
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
11. PNA in elderly
Group B strep
yeast
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
12. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
R. typhi
Rubella
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
13. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
importance of microorganisms
Rose gardner's
Measles rubeola - measles
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
14. What does meningococci cause
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Fungi
monera kingdom
15. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Killed viral vaccine
dormant
16. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Bacillus anthracis
C. diptheriae
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
17. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
lipids (fats) =
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
No cell wall
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
18. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
osmotic pressure
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
19. Pink
Bacterial superinfection
gram- negative stain - color
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
eukaryotic organelles (5)
20. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
21. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
22. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Killed/inactivated
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
23. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
flagella - function
flagella
algology
24. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Silver stain
uncoating (AV)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
25. What does polyomavirus cause
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
26. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
27. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
endocytosis...
plant kingdom
histoplasmosis
28. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
mycolic acid - definition
Owl's eye inculsions
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
29. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
lysis
five kingdoms of microorganisms
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Echinococcus granulosus
30. meningitis in >60
Yes
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Bacterial superinfection
31. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Parvoviridae
32. Study of fungi
HHV-8 - KS
Francesco Redi
assembly (B)
mycology
33. What acid is in the spore core
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
they are eukaryotes
Dipicolinic acid
34. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
M. tuberculosis
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
35. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Syphillis - sexual contact
Sexual activity - but not an STI
36. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
Bordetella pertussis
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
fimbriae - function
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
37. microcytic anemia - parasite
Ancylostoma - necator
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
archaea domain
adsorption (AV)
38. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
golgi complex - function
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
39. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
VZV - chickenpox
40. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
41. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Bartonella henselae
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
42. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Parvoviridae
ASO titer
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
43. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
lysis
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
44. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
commercial applications
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
mitochondria - function
Schistosoma mansori
45. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
46. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
flagella - function
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
47. What is the triad of HUS
Clostridium perfringens
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
48. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
how wine is spoiled
49. What are the lab findings for cholera
spontaneous generation
Protein A - S. aureus
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
50. What does norwalk virus do
pili - function
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Viral gastroenteritis
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal