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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Sterility
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

2. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
S. epidermidis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

3. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
nucleus
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

4. neutropenic pts
not acid- fast - colo
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Candida and aspergillus
pili - function

5. How do you treat lyme disease
Neuraminidase
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure

6. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Meningococci
five fields of microbiology
biggest danger of toxplasmosis

7. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
No envelope
spiral - spirillum
archaea domain
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV

8. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas
HIV - malnutrition - death
Actinomyces
bacteria domain

9. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
humans do not have
Salpingitis
Sporothrix schenckii
microbiology

10. Will show the difference between two things
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Metabolic activity without division
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
differential staining of bacteria

11. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Pregnant women
Bat - racoon - skunk
Clostridium tetani
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact

12. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
nucleic acid
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
PHV

13. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Resistant
spontaneous generation example
EBV
endospores - definition

14. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
trichomoniasis...

15. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
rough ER
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Starts quickly and ends quickly

16. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis

17. What are the killed viral vaccines
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Specialized transduction - an excision event
helical shape - definition
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

18. What does parvovirus cause
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Mycobacterium
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2

19. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Nocardia asteroides
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

20. What is pontiac fever
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
EBV
Between 2 and 18 months

21. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Tetracycline or erythromycin
pseudopodia

22. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Clostridium perfringens
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
gram stain - definition
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone

23. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

24. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Clostridium perfringens
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

25. What are PE signs of PID
D- K
Toxplasmosis
malaria symptoms
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge

26. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
flagella - function
specialized flagella
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

27. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Cmv
Bat - racoon - skunk
coccus

28. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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29. What is the TX for h pylori
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

30. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
myc/myo means
PCR/Viral load
H flu type B

31. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Hemagluttin
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
C. diptheriae
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

32. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
Palivizumab
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Candida
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum

33. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Rapid cell division
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Staph or enteric GNR
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

34. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
endospores are resistant to (4)
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

35. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
Motility - protein
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
golgi complex - function
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

36. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
golgi complex - function
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

37. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
endospores
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
S. epidermidis

38. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
JC virus causing PML
Schistosoma haematobium
ribosomes - function

39. How does urinary tract infection present
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

40. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
interferon
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
H. pylori
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1

41. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
rickettsia
Clonorchis sinensis
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

42. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
arrangements of bacteria
M. pneumoniae
Fusion and entry

43. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
anaerobic
Pseudomonas
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Oral and esophageal thrush

44. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
cytoplasm - definition
protozoan infections (5)
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Gardnerella vaginalis

45. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
C. botulinum
Owl's eye inculsions
No cell wall
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

46. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
tetanus
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Streptococcus mutans

47. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
characteristics of bacteria (5)
gram- negative cell wall
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
archaea domain

48. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Cigar shaped yeast
double- stranded RNA
microbiology
specific

49. How is legionella detected clinically
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Antigen in urine

50. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Louis Pasteur
Sexual activity - but not an STI
genus