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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
EBV
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
C. diptheriae
2. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Actinomyces israeli
Koch's Postulates 2
3. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
replication (AV)
hyperthermophiles
double- stranded RNA
4. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
S. aureus
arrangements - staphylo
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
5. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
halophiles
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
special staining of bacteria
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
6. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
Viral gastroenteritis
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
acid- fast organism - definition
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
7. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Theory of Biogenesis
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
8. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
endospores are formed via
CMV retinitis
characteristics of bacteria (5)
9. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Francisella tularenis
mitochondria - function
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
10. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
Lepromatous
red tide
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Yes
11. Rod- shaped
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
bacillus
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
hyperthermophiles
12. Sporulation
fungi
endospores are formed via
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
13. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
14. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Azithromycin
Pasteurella multocida
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
15. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Pasteurella multocida
icosahedron
16. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Actinomyces isreallii
Borrelia burgdorferi
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
17. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
10%; viral
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Doxycycline
18. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
JC virus causing PML
hypertonic solution
what peptidoglycan is composed of
complex virus example
19. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Pregnant women
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
single- stranded DNA
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
20. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
mitochondria - function
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
21. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
HIV - malnutrition - death
22. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
yeast
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
No envelope
23. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
penetration (B)
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
E. coli
24. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
eukaryotes
production of beer and wine
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Elevated CRP and ESR
25. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Superantigen
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
26. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
capsid is composed of...
nucleus
chloroplasts - function
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
27. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Serratia marcescens
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
28. Prokaryotes
bacteria domain
glycocalyx - description
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Parvoviridae
29. currant jelly sputum
assembly (B)
Bat - racoon - skunk
Klebsiella
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
30. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
three domains of microorganisms
archaea domain
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
31. Agar
Mycobacterium
red algae make
replication (B)
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
32. What does M protein do - who has it
B cells
Lepromatous
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
33. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Cmv
M. pneumoniae
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
single- stranded RNA
34. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Unimmunised kids
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
35. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
bacteriology
36. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Rapid cell division
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
chemical synthesis...
envelope is composed of...
37. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
CMV - RSV
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Echinococcus granulosus
38. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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39. What is the nl flora in the oropharynx
tetanus
eukaryotic organelles - definition
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Viridans group streptococci
40. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Clonorchis sinensis
Palivizumab
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
41. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
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42. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Measles rubeola - measles
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
protozoan infections (5)
43. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
gram- positive stain - explanation
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
lipids (fats) =
Pseudomonas
44. What is Anti - HBeAg
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
45. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
interferon
Pasteurella multocida
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
46. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Salmonella
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Yes
47. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
production of beer and wine
IgG Anti - HBcAg
hyperthermophiles
48. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
flagella - function
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
49. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
biogenesis
C. perfringens
replication (AV)
50. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
Muramic acid
assembly (B)
helical shape - definition
Streptococcus mutans