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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Lymph nodes
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA

2. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Does not ferment sorbitol
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Spikes
yeast

3. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Strep bovis - also group D
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
gram- positive stain - color
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

4. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
five fields of microbiology
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
simple staining of bacteria

5. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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6. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Bacillus anthracis

7. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Meningococci
HEV

8. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
replication for eukaryotes
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Meningococci

9. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
animal kingdom
methanogens

10. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
Theory of Biogenesis
protozoology
cell membrane - definition
spontaneous generation

11. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Schistosoma haematobium
No envelope
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

12. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
malaria
Genetic drift - epidemic
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

13. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Pasteurella multocida
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Group B strep - E. coli
Francesco Redi

14. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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15. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
pseudopodia
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
genus
HIV - AIDS

16. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Treponema - primary syphillis
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
cell wall - function
capsid - function

17. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
chromosome - description
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis

18. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Guillain barre
cell wall - function
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes

19. In who does HEV have high mortality
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Pregnant women
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen

20. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
HHV-8 - KS
Common cold and SARS
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

21. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
not acid- fast - colo

22. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
halophiles
not acid- fast - colo
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

23. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Ring enhancing brain lesions
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
R. prowazekii
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

24. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
hypotonic solution
spiral - spirochete
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

25. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
pili - function
Schistosoma haematobium
Robert Koch
envelope - definition

26. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
algae characteristics (3)
bacteriophage - definition
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI

27. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
microaerophilic
Heat labile toxin
Diphyllobothrium latum

28. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
peptidoglycan - definition
Salmonella
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
spiral - spirochete

29. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen

30. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Tetracycline or erythromycin
importance of microorganisms
envelope is composed of...

31. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta

32. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
endospores - definition

33. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
M. tuberculosis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

34. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

35. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
fimbriae - function
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
10 to 12
Metabolic activity without division

36. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
assembly (B)

37. Sick cell trait
HDV
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
S. aureus
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

38. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Capsid protein
cilia - function
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Heat labile toxin

39. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
taxonomic hierarchy
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

40. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Pasteurella multocida
<30 - military - prisons
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not

41. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
gram- positive stain - explanation
icosahedron
lysis
Gambiense - rhodesiense

42. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
eukaryotic organelles (5)

43. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
Antigen in urine
chloroplasts - function
No - erythromycin
Food - fingers - feces - flies

44. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
basic shapes of bacteria
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

45. What is HBeAg
Clostridium tetani
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
gas gangrene
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

46. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
acid- fast - color
JC virus causing PML
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole

47. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Campylobacter
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Crohns or appendicitis

48. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Tellurite agar
Yersinia pestis
protozoan infections (5)
HAV - RNA picornavirus

49. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
N. gono causing gono

50. What are the recombinant vaccines
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Pasteurella multocida