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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Thrush
oral yeast infections =
Mumps virus - mumps
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
2. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Cryptosporidium
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Borrelia recurrentis
3. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
mycology
Louis Pasteur
4. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
C. botulinum
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Attachment to host T cell
5. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
6. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Neisseria
7. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
C. diptheriae
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Staph make it - strep don't
8. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
lipids (fats) =
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
9. Structure unique to some bacteria
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Klebsiella
endospores
10. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
No envelope
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
DNA hepadnavirus
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
11. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
antibiotics
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Salmonella
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
12. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
HIV - AIDS
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
13. Provides structure
Pets - treat with topical azoles
cell wall - function
motility of bacteria
bacteriology
14. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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15. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
release (B)
they are eukaryotes
16. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Koch's Postulates 4
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Yersinia pestis
17. traumatic open wound
C. perfringens
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Elevated CRP and ESR
C. diptheriae
18. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
John Needham
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
gram- negative stain - color
19. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
20. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
CMV - RSV
importance of microorganisms
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
R. typhi
21. What does group B strep cause
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
22. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
pili - function
cytoplasm - definition
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
23. Pink
Pasteurella multocida
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
gram- negative stain - color
Salpingitis
24. What is the Ghon complex
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Clostridium perfringens
25. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
peptidoglycan - definition
red tide
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
26. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
fungi kingdom
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
27. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
production of beer and wine
Metronidazole
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
anaerobic
28. What does salmonella typhi cause
basic shapes of bacteria
HEV
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
29. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Schistosoma haematobium
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Palivizumab
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
30. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Croup - seal like barking cough
31. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
CMV
VZV - chickenpox
32. What are the 3 C's for measles
Bat - racoon - skunk
endospores are formed via
Staph make it - strep don't
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
33. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
many humans would test antibody positive for this
E. coli - proteus
food thickeners
lysozyme
34. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
humans do not have
methanogens
35. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Beta hemolytic
No envelope
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Toxoid vaccine
36. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
Bordetella pertussis
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
osmotic lysis
hypertonic solution
37. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
plasmid - definition
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
assembly (B)
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
38. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
39. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
virology
40. What is the mechanism of renal failure and thrombocytopenia in HUS
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
41. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
mycoplasma (5) - description
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
42. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
Resistant
Staph or H. flu
C tetani
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
43. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Klebsiella granulomatis
how do viruses take over a host cell?
food industry
Actinomyces isreallii
44. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
fimbriae - function
45. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
M. tuberculosis
Type B protease IgA
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Francesco Redi
46. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
pili - function
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Clindamycin or ampicillin
47. Purple
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
gram- positive stain - color
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
48. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
envelope is composed of...
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Food - fingers - feces - flies
49. What are agryll roberston pupils
Candida albicans
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
50. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Does not ferment sorbitol
fungi