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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
gram- positive cell wall
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
actinomycetes (3) - description
2. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Bacterial superinfection
Candida and aspergillus
3. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Unimmunised kids
Histoplasmosis
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
4. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
ABC
HCV
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
chromosomes in nucleus are...
5. Capitalized/italics or underlined
genus
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Vagina
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
6. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Azithromycin
John Needham
Shigella
7. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Mucor or rhizopus
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
8. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Capsid protein
complex virus example
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
9. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Enterobacter cloacae
pili - function
10. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular
11. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
single- stranded DNA
Lepromatous
12. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
13. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Protozoan - STD
Pseudomonas
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Fusion and entry
14. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Clostridium botulinum
capsid is composed of...
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
15. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Salmonella
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Gallbladder
16. 80S = 60S + 40S
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Rifampin
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Meningococci
17. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
Haematobium - bladder
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Doxycycline
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
18. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
gram- positive cell wall
H flu
19. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Klebsiella pneumo
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
dormant
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
20. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Schistosoma haematobium
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
21. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
E. coli
Muramic acid
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
22. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
red tide
plasmid - function
Group B strep - E. coli
23. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
adsorption (B)
24. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Guillain barre
prokaryotes
chlamydia
gram- positive cell wall
25. What does coxaskcievirus do
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Candida
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
26. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Influenza virus
27. microcytic anemia - parasite
interferon
Ancylostoma - necator
osmotic lysis
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
28. Problem with food preservation - canning
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
adsorption (AV)
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
botulism
29. portal HTN - parasite
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Schistosoma mansori
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
30. Study of bacteria
bacteriology
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
31. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
Mice - deer
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Anaerobes
release (AV)
32. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Clostridium botulinum
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
33. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Surfers in the tropics
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
specialized flagella
34. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
how many degrees celsius for mold?
35. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
D- K
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Mumps virus - mumps
Mice - deer
36. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
Pasteurella multocida
Ingestion of preformed toxin
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
10%; viral
37. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
Surfers in the tropics
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
HHV 6 - roseola
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
38. Death of tissue
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
necrosis
Measles rubeola - measles
adsorption (AV)
39. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
HCV
Cryptococcus neoformans
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
B cells
40. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
oxygen requirements of bacteria
malaria
mycology
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
41. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Pneumocystis jerovici
Coagulation cascade - DIC
42. bilateral bells palsy
Robert Hooke
nucleic acid
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Borrelia burgdorferi
43. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
flagella
eukaryotes
eukaryotic organelles (5)
necrosis
44. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture
45. fungal infection in diabetic
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Silver stain
Mucor or rhizopus
histoplasmosis
46. What is the TX for chlamydia
Cigar shaped yeast
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Azithromycin
47. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
chemical synthesis...
replication for prokaryotes
HEV
H. pylori
48. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Metronidazole
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Owl's eye inculsions
glycocalyx - description
49. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
eukarya domain
hyperthermophiles
Metronidazole
50. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
E. coli
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor