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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Requires presence of oxygen
characteristics of bacteria (5)
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Acute/recent infection
aerobic
3. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
Anti - HBsAb
germination
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
gram- negative cell wall
4. What does salmonella typhi cause
Cyanophora paradoxa
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
5. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Azithromycin
6. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
penetration (AV)
7. ____ do no treat viral infections
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
VZV - chickenpox
antibiotics
8. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
9. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Toxoplasmosis
8 - orthomyoxovirus
medical important mycobacteria
10. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
Borrelia recurrentis
arrangements - staphylo
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
smooth ER
11. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
S. epidermidis
E. coli
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
12. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
Salmonella
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Pasteurella multocida
13. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Yeast - protazoan
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
DNA hepadnavirus
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
14. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
DNA hepadnavirus
Resistant
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
15. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Children
Actinomyces and nocardia
16. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
HHV-6 roseola
HAV - RNA picornavirus
17. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
mycoplasma (5) - description
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Trigeminal ganglia
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
18. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Rubella german measles
single- stranded RNA
19. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Palivizumab
pili - function
Enterobacter cloacae
20. What kind of genome does HIV have
M. tuberculosis
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Dipoid RNA
release (B)
21. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Cholesterol
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
22. Some algae
Koch's Postulates 4
plant kingdom
Doxycycline
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
23. When do gram pos rods form spores
Dipicolinic acid
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
When nutriets are limited
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
24. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
double- stranded DNA
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
25. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Hemagluttin
26. How does mucomycosis present clinically
fungi kingdom
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
H flu type B
27. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Antigen in vaccines
S. aureus
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Klebsiella
28. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Cmv
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
29. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
arrangements - diplo
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
30. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Metronidazole
basic shapes of bacteria
31. Study of fungi
S. aureus
chromosome - description
species
mycology
32. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
assembly (B)
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
assembly (AV)
33. What does poxvirus cause
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34. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
CMV retinitis
CMV - RSV
Immediately upon exposure
<30 - military - prisons
35. What happens in secondary syphillis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
IVDU
36. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
flagella - description
Metabolic activity without division
Azithromycin
HHV-8 - KS
37. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Acute/recent infection
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
38. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
viruses
algology
39. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
spiral - vibrio
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
PCR/Viral load
40. Histoplasmosis
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
41. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Endosymbiotic Theory
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Enterobacter cloacae
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
42. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Killed viral vaccine
EBV
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
virology
43. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Measles rubeola - measles
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
44. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
spiral - vibrio
B cells
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Negative
45. pediatric infxn
Neisseria
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
H flu
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
46. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
microaerophilic
Vulvuvaginitis
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Genetic drift - epidemic
47. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
N. gono causing gono
myc/myo means
Virbrio cholera
48. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
release (AV)
49. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Clostridia
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
plasmid - function
50. What can PID cause
Clostridium botulinum
penetration (B)
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Doxycycline