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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some algae
plant kingdom
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
2. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
spiral
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
3. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
animal kingdom
Heat labile toxin
4. What does polyomavirus cause
Cholesterol
M. kansasii
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
5. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Immediately upon exposure
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
6. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
PCR/Viral load
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
mycology
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
7. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
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8. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
HHV-8 - KS
hypertonic solution
9. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
HHV-6 roseola
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
S. epidermidis
10. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Sacral ganglia
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
biogenesis
Bartonella henselae
11. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Mucor or rhizopus
methanogens
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
12. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
13. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
gas gangrene
14. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
No cell wall
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
15. Which are the enteroviruses
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Guillain barre
Bat - racoon - skunk
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
16. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
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17. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
fimbriae - function
Mycoplasma
Protozoan - STD
18. bilateral bells palsy
Borrelia burgdorferi
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
19. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
E. coli 0157:H7
Klebsiella
microbiology
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
20. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Metronidazole
21. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
M. pneumoniae
biogenesis
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Toxplasmosis
22. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Cmv
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Starts quickly and ends quickly
23. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Pneumocystis jerovici
Echinococcus granulosus
Acid fast organisms
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
24. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
cell membrane - function
archaea domain
Koch's Postulates 1
Crohns or appendicitis
25. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
algology
medical important mycobacteria
26. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Paracoccidioidomycosis
cilia - function
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
27. Will show the difference between two things
differential staining of bacteria
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
C. perfringens
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
28. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
assembly (AV)
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
29. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
S. aureus
HHV-8 - KS
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
30. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
assembly (AV)
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
how do viruses take over a host cell?
31. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
single- stranded RNA
double- stranded DNA
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
32. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
replication (B)
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Salmonella typhi
33. burns or air
Salmonella
Pseudomonas
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Cryptococcus neoformans
34. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Lymph nodes
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Endosymbiotic Theory
35. Spiral
spiral - spirillum
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Streptococcus mutans
36. Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift - epidemic
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Salmonella
37. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
capsid - definition
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
38. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Clostridium botulinum
chemical synthesis...
myc/myo means
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
39. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Resistant
cytoplasm - definition
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
assembly (B)
40. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
E. Coli
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
41. Rod- shaped
arrangements of bacteria
bacillus
HBC - hepatitis B
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
42. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
CMV retinitis
capsid is composed of...
oxygen requirements of bacteria
43. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
HDV
infection process of animal viruses (6)
germination
S. aureus
44. Where do CMV cells remain latent
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Mononuclear cells
45. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Cyanophora paradoxa
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
46. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Paragonimus westermani
B. cereus
Palivizumab
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
47. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
M. avium intracellulare
what peptidoglycan is composed of
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
48. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
C. perfringens
49. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Clostridia
medical important mycobacteria
protista kingdom
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
50. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
arrangements of bacteria
complex virus example
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
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