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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
eukarya domain
Gardnerella vaginalis
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

2. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease

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3. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Fusion and entry
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Lazzaro Spallanzani

4. Apiration PNA - orgs
Anaerobes
virus example
fermentation - definition
how many degrees celsius for mold?

5. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
Klebsiella
H. pylori
Motility - protein
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

6. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Nucleus - except parvovirus
gram stain - definition
spiral - vibrio

7. Will show size and arrangement
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
simple staining of bacteria
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Clindamycin or ampicillin

8. rubeola - lots of spots
Paramyxovirus; measles
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
hypotonic solution
Borrelia burgdorferi

9. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

10. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
Salmonella
hyperthermophiles
Pseudomonas
Pets - treat with topical azoles

11. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Rickettsia rickettsii
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)

12. Paramecium
cilia
Dipicolinic acid
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Francesco Redi - experiment

13. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
HSV-2 - genital herpes
red algae make
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Lower lobe

14. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
Salmonella
protozoa (3)
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

15. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Fungi
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Mice - deer
many humans would test antibody positive for this

16. 37 celsius
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

17. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
penetration (B)

18. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Klebsiella
Staph or enteric GNR
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

19. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
S. aureus

20. What is the pathophys of mucor
Gallbladder
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

21. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
PCR/Viral load
HHV-6 roseola
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Pneumocystis jerovici

22. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Dipicolinic acid
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

23. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Chlamydia trachomatis
Strep pneumo and viridans
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

24. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Teichoic acid
plasmid - function
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

25. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
gram stain - definition
Entamoeba histolytica
release (B)
nucleus

26. What stain shows legionella
Avain resevoir
Borrelia burgdorferi
Silver stain
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

27. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
pasteurization
acid- fast organism - definition
Cryptosporidium
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone

28. Which are the enteroviruses
S. aureus
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Toxplasmosis
Doxycycline

29. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
Group B strep
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Weil Felix test
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

30. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
fimbriae - function
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Epiglottitis H flu type B
acid- fast - color

31. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Borrelia recurrentis
HHV-6 roseola
Measles
spontaneous generation example

32. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
PCR/Viral load

33. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Louis Pasteur - experiment
five fields of microbiology
gram- positive stain - color
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

34. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Pasteurella multocida
Rapid cell division
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

35. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Only borrelia
Palivizumab
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

36. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Salmonella typhi
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Specialized transduction - an excision event

37. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
five fields of microbiology
commercial applications
trichomoniasis symptoms

38. Agar
Salmonella
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
red algae make
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)

39. Protein synthesis
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Silver stain
Fungi
ribosomes - function

40. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
adsorption (AV)
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

41. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
replication (B)

42. Chains
Rabies
arrangements - strepto...
Envelope proteins
Lactose fermenting enterics

43. What is gardnerella associated with
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Antigen in vaccines
Echinococcus granulosus
Pseudomonas

44. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
B. cereus
Koch's Postulates 1

45. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
arrangements - strepto...
100 micrometers
assembly (B)
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined

46. Which males have UTIs
Haematobium - bladder
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
food industry
Brucella sp

47. Spherical
coccus
C. perfringens
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Bat - racoon - skunk

48. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
Dark field microscopy
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Many treponemas

49. What is the nl flora in the oropharynx
acid- fast - color
S. aureus
Viridans group streptococci
cell membrane - definition

50. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Mononuclear cells
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms