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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Pox - complex
CMV retinitis
bacillus
Paragonimus westermani
2. fungal infection in diabetic
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
trichomoniasis symptoms
Mucor or rhizopus
3. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
ribosomes - function
Actinomyces israeli
characteristics of bacteria (5)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
4. Where does group B strep colonize
gram- positive stain - explanation
Vagina
virus example
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
5. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
nucleus
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
6. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
red tide
Gallbladder
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
L1 - L2 - L3
7. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
D- K
eukarya domain
Pregnant women
Neuraminidase
8. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
double- stranded RNA
production of beer and wine
humans do not have
9. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Endosymbiotic Theory
Cyanophora paradoxa
10. How is legionella detected clinically
Antigen in urine
facultative
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
11. What organisms stain with silver stain
S. aureus
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
12. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
molds
C. perfringens
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
13. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Salmonella
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
14. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Surfers in the tropics
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Gallbladder
15. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
production of beer and wine
malaria prevention
bacteriophage - definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
16. What is HBeAg
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
protista kingdom
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
17. Study of protozoans
flagella - function
Attachment to host T cell
protozoology
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
18. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
food thickeners
flagella - description
Lymph nodes
19. What can PID cause
Envelope proteins
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Acute/recent infection
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
20. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
anaerobic
differential staining example
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
21. Clusters
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
arrangements - staphylo
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
VZV - chickenpox
22. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
chlamydia
Spikes
HBC - hepatitis B
23. Where do DNA viruses replicate
anaerobic
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Legionella
24. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Guillain barre
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
25. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Nucleus - except parvovirus
genus
Severe bacteremia - death
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
26. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
single- stranded RNA
Syphillis - sexual contact
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
27. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission
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28. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Severe bacteremia - death
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Does not ferment sorbitol
29. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
release (B)
Yeast - protazoan
how many degrees celsius for mold?
ASO titer
30. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Meningococci
Azithromycin
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
31. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
Pox - complex
specific
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
replication for prokaryotes
32. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
release (AV)
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
33. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
eukaryotic organelles (5)
M. tuberculosis
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
double- stranded RNA
34. Who typically gets sporothrix
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35. What organisms are encapsulated
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
36. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
8 - orthomyoxovirus
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
pasteurization
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
37. How are rickettsiae transmitted
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Genetic shift - pandemic
protista kingdom
All except coxiella are via arthropod
38. Which are the herpesviruses
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Pseudomonas
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
39. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
HCV
production of beer and wine
40. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
C tetani
Rubella - respiratory droplets
histoplasmosis
Endosymbiotic Theory
41. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Serratia
capsid - function
adsorption (AV)
42. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
specialized flagella
Envelope proteins
Gonococci
Ancylostoma - necator
43. Fungal infections can be hard to get rid of because
M. avium intracellulare
they are eukaryotes
oxygen requirements of bacteria
protozoa (3)
44. Where do VZV cells remain latent
flagella - function
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
smooth ER
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
45. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Treponema
Actinomyces isreallii
replication (B)
basic shapes of bacteria
46. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Reoviridae - rotavirus
47. What is the TX for h pylori
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
polyhedral shape - defintion
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
48. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Antigen in vaccines
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
trichomoniasis...
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
50. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Bartonella sp
protista kingdom
Pneumocystis jerovici
spiral - vibrio