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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
2. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
molds
Neuraminidase
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
chromosome - function
3. hemoptysis - parasite
cilia
Rapid cell division
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Paragonimus westermani
4. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
eukaryotes
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Acid fast organisms
5. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
three domains of microorganisms
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
HDV
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
6. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
flagella - function
All of them
Pregnant women
Children
7. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Cholesterol
8. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Entamoeba histolytica
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
9. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
10. What are the recombinant vaccines
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
fungi
Strep bovis - also group D
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
11. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
rickettsia
10%; viral
Pneumoniae and psittaci
12. neutropenic pts
Candida and aspergillus
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
humans do not have
cytoplasm - definition
13. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Coagulation cascade - DIC
special staining of bacteria
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Toxoid vaccine
14. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
chemical synthesis...
Klebsiella
HIV - malnutrition - death
Guillain barre
15. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
what peptidoglycan is composed of
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
16. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease
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17. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
10 to 12
interferon
icosahedron
capsid - definition
18. Study of bacteria
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Parvoviridae
bacteriology
19. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Staph saprophyticus
S. aureus
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
20. Rupturing of cell
Koch's Postulates 2
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
plasmid - function
lysis
21. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
R. typhi
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
22. What stain shows legionella
Silver stain
mycoplasma (5) - description
Streptococcus mutans
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
23. health care provider
HBV from needle stick
Epiglottitis H flu type B
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Clostridia
24. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
lysis
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
25. What are PE signs of PID
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Borrelia burgdorferi
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
26. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
penetration (AV)
molds
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
27. Death of tissue
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
necrosis
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
28. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
H flu
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
29. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Envelope proteins
Antigen in vaccines
endocytosis...
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
30. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
protista kingdom
polyhedral shape - defintion
31. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Staph saprophyticus
Immediately upon exposure
not acid- fast - colo
microbiology
32. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
cell wall - function
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
fimbriae - function
33. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
acid- fast organism - definition
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Reassortment
34. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Actinomyces
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
8 - orthomyoxovirus
35. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
ribosomes - function
Sacral ganglia
Azithromycin
E. coli - proteus
36. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Legionella
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
fungi kingdom
Heat labile toxin
37. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
HIV - sexual
germination
38. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
eukaryotic organelles - definition
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Clostridia
Ancylostoma - necator
39. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Toxplasmosis
40. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
tetanus
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
helical shape - definition
Koch's Postulates 3
41. Purple
gram- positive stain - color
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
ribosomes - function
helical shape - definition
42. Where do EBV cells remain latent
B cells
Nocardia asteroides
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
simple staining of bacteria
43. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
bacillus
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
44. Which are the enteroviruses
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
virology
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
45. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Toxoplasmosis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Double zone of hemolysis
46. ____ do no treat viral infections
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Theory of Biogenesis
antibiotics
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
47. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
8 - orthomyoxovirus
molds
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
mycoplasma (5) - description
48. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Koch's Postulates 3
S - definition
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
49. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Ancylostoma - necator
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Acid fast organisms
CMV retinitis
50. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
basic shapes of bacteria
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
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