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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
pseudopodia
bacillus
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
2. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Antigen in vaccines
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
3. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Pseudomonas
C. botulinum
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
4. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Candida albicans
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Francesco Redi - experiment
basic shapes of bacteria
5. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
how do viruses take over a host cell?
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Lepromatous
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
6. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
replication (B)
double- stranded DNA
gram- negative cell wall
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
7. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
cell membrane - definition
Salmonella
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
8. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Parvoviridae
9. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
glycocalyx - function
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
JC virus causing PML
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
10. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
11. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Many treponemas
Unimmunised kids
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Doxycycline
12. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
penetration (AV)
13. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
histoplasmosis
Bartonella henselae
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Yes
14. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
H. flu
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Toxo crosses the placenta
15. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Koch's Postulates 1
cell wall - function
16. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
17. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
John Needham - experiment
polyhedral shape - defintion
Epiglottitis H flu type B
18. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
taxonomic hierarchy
replication for eukaryotes
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
19. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
pasteurization
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
20. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Clostridium botulinum
gram- negative cell wall
21. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
22. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Lymph nodes
chromosome - description
23. Low grade fever - cough - hepatosplenomegaly in HIV pts with oval yeast cells within macrophages
hypertonic solution
Borrelia burgdorferi
Histoplasmosis
how many degrees celsius for mold?
24. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Lymph nodes
Enterobius
S - definition
25. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
nucleic acid
Entamoeba hisotlytica
protista kingdom
26. What is a positive Monospot test
Meningococci
Measles rubeola - measles
Staph saprophyticus
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
27. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
HIV - malnutrition - death
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Guillain barre
28. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
hypertonic solution
C. perfringens
ABC
capsid - definition
29. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Unimmunised kids
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
C. diptheriae
30. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
JC virus causing PML
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
31. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
HBV
cell wall - function
Trigeminal ganglia
Heat labile toxin
32. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Streptococcus mutans
Cmv
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
33. What is the TX for candidiasis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Bat - racoon - skunk
34. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
<30 - military - prisons
Rapid cell division
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
35. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Parvoviridae
36. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
Clostridium tetani
how wine is spoiled
trichomoniasis symptoms
fungal infection examples (3)
37. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
importance of microorganisms
replication (AV)
38. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Severe bacteremia - death
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
single- stranded DNA
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
39. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Vulvuvaginitis
40. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Enteroinvasive E. coli
41. What does parainfluenza cause
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Croup - seal like barking cough
Pseudomonas
single- stranded RNA
42. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Owl's eye inculsions
arrangements - staphylo
Robert Koch
Mycoplasma - have sterols
43. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Weil Felix test
halophiles
differential staining example
VZV - chickenpox
44. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
CMV retinitis
Antigen in urine
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
45. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
polyhedral shape - defintion
M. tuberculosis
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
46. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
capsid - definition
algae characteristics (3)
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
10%; viral
47. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
specialized flagella
John Needham - experiment
Bacillus anthracis
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
48. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Sterility
Neisseria
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
49. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Rose gardner's
Trigeminal ganglia
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
50. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
HDV
release (AV)