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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Spikes
2. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
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3. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
M. avium intracellulare
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
4. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Metabolic activity without division
Coagulation cascade - DIC
5. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
S. aureus
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
6. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Clonorchis sinensis
Antigen associated with core of HBV
C. diptheriae
Oral and esophageal thrush
7. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Tellurite agar
Francisella tularenis
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
8. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Heat labile toxin
B cells
Pseudomonas
Sexual activity - but not an STI
9. Protein synthesis
Entamoeba histolytica
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
ribosomes - function
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
10. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
bacteria domain
11. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
protista kingdom
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Bat - racoon - skunk
12. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
10 to 12
Children
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
13. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
John Needham - experiment
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Cyanophora paradoxa
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
14. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Cmv
Klebsiella pneumo
15. Study of bacteria
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
malaria prevention
bacteriology
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
16. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
algae characteristics (3)
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
E. Coli
17. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
assembly (B)
cytoplasm - definition
18. What happens in secondary syphillis
H flu
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Antigen associated with core of HBV
19. What does salmonella typhi cause
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Surfers in the tropics
gram- negative stain - color
20. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
PCR/Viral load
Theory of Biogenesis
Dark field microscopy
commercial applications
21. Study of viruses
virology
basic shapes of bacteria
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
22. Study of fungi
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
mycology
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
replication for prokaryotes
23. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
EBV
Rose gardner's
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
24. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Theory of Biogenesis
histoplasmosis
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
25. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
special staining of bacteria
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
26. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
27. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
actinomycetes (3) - description
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
28. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
rickettsia
29. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
fungi
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
30. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Nucleus - except parvovirus
spontaneous generation example
importance of microorganisms
31. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Serratia
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
32. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
ABC
Unimmunised kids
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
33. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
spiral - spirillum
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
malaria prevention
34. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
35. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Weil Felix test
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
36. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Salmonella
coccus
Bacillus anthracis
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
37. Requires absence of oxygen
Double zone of hemolysis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
anaerobic
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
38. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Yersinia pestis
spontaneous generation
39. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Immediately upon exposure
Actinomyces and nocardia
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
gas gangrene
40. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
structures of prokaryotic cell
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
C. perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
41. What is the main complication of mumps
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Sterility
giardia
VZV - chickenpox
42. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Paramyxovirus; measles
43. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Pen
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
what peptidoglycan is composed of
44. Spiral
endocytosis...
spiral - spirillum
CMV - RSV
Muramic acid
45. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Antigen in vaccines
Antigen in urine
Acid fast organisms
46. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Actic polymerization
interferon
endospores are formed via
47. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Candida
capsid is composed of...
48. What are prion disease caused by
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
motility of bacteria
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
49. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
release (AV)
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
When nutriets are limited
Candida
50. What does rubeloa virus cause
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Only borrelia
algae characteristics (3)
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
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