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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
osmotic pressure
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Capsid protein
cilia - function

2. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
C. perfringens
Cmv
many humans would test antibody positive for this

3. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
envelope is composed of...
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
100 micrometers
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

4. meningitis from 6 -60 yrs
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Cryptosporidium
yeast
Type B protease IgA

5. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Unimmunised kids
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms

6. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Sporothrix schenckii
arrangements - staphylo
assembly (B)
basic shapes of bacteria

7. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
ribosomes - function

8. 70S = 30S + 50S
Ancylostoma - necator
Francisella tularenis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
H flu type B

9. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
E. coli 0157:H7
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
100 micrometers

10. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
release (B)
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Strep bovis - also group D

11. What organisms stain with india ink
HHV 6 - roseola
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Cryptococcus neoformans
PCR/Viral load

12. Sporulation
endospores are formed via
Candida
Only humoral - stable
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

13. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Common cold
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Paragonimus westermani

14. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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15. How is legionella detected clinically
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Antigen in urine
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
HEV

16. What does coronavirus do
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Common cold and SARS
Actinomyces

17. All living things are composed of cells
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Cell Theory

18. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
Azithromycin
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
arrangements of bacteria
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)

19. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
C. perfringens
five fields of microbiology
E. coli - proteus
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

20. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
HEV
R. prowazekii

21. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
genus
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
food thickeners
bacteriology

22. What does adenovirus cause
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Elevated CRP and ESR
how do viruses take over a host cell?
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)

23. How does TSST work
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
replication (AV)
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation

24. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
bacillus
When nutriets are limited
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

25. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Brucella sp
Streptococcus mutans
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.

26. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
pasteurization
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox

27. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
HBV
chloroplasts - function
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

28. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

29. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Paramyxovirus; measles
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Rubella german measles

30. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

31. Requires absence of oxygen
Lymph nodes
anaerobic
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)

32. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Pseudomonas
Haematobium - bladder
acid- fast organism - definition
8 - orthomyoxovirus

33. Chains
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Pets - treat with topical azoles
arrangements - strepto...
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

34. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
microbiology
Lepromatous
simple staining of bacteria

35. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Pasteurella multocida
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Yeast - protazoan

36. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
dormant
R. typhi
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

37. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Louis Pasteur - experiment
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
EBV
Virbrio cholera

38. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
IVDU
dormant
Actinomyces isreallii
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

39. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
special staining of bacteria
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
gram- negative stain - explanation

40. No metabolic activity
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
dormant
E. coli 0157:H7
special staining of bacteria

41. What treatment is required for cholera
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Prompt oral rehydration
trichomoniasis symptoms
Palivizumab

42. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
No envelope
Borrelia burgdorferi
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
helical shape - definition

43. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Toxo crosses the placenta
Candida and aspergillus
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

44. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Staph make it - strep don't
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
C. perfringens

45. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Measles rubeola - measles
H. flu
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Borrelia burgdorferi

46. what bug grows pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Lactose fermenting enterics
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

47. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Mononuclear cells
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
virus example
Anti - HBsAb

48. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
amoebic dynsentry
replication (AV)
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

49. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Shigella
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Protozoan - STD
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

50. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
flagella - function
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome