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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Bartonella sp
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Common cold
Pneumoniae and psittaci

2. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Antigen in vaccines

3. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
envelope - definition
humans do not have
chemical synthesis...
Staph or H. flu

4. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Starts quickly and ends quickly
S. aureus

5. 37 celsius
lysis
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Lynn Margulis - gen. information

6. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
L1 - L2 - L3
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

7. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Acid fast organisms
Meningococci
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis

8. What is endotoxin
algae characteristics (3)
Klebsiella
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
adsorption (B)

9. Provides structure
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
glycocalyx - description
Doxycycline
cell wall - function

10. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Sterility
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph

11. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
staining of bacteria

12. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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13. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
five fields of microbiology
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

14. Ability to move via flagella
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
necrosis
Lazzaro Spallanzani
motility of bacteria

15. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
uncoating (AV)
HBV from needle stick
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum

16. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
B. cereus
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

17. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
VZV - chickenpox
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

18. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Actinomyces isreallii
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
chlamydia

19. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Reoviridae - rotavirus
archaea domain
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

20. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
endoplasmic reticulum - definition

21. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Bacteria - STD
commercial applications

22. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
smooth ER
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

23. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Nocardia asteroides

24. Pink
Sexual activity - but not an STI
acid- fast - color
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Clonorchis sinensis

25. How is legionella detected clinically
not acid- fast - colo
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
H. flu
Antigen in urine

26. yeast infection
Clonorchis sinensis
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
CMV retinitis
candidiasis

27. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
C. diptheriae
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

28. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Haematobium - bladder
Pseudomonas
fermentation - definition

29. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Cigar shaped yeast
Avain resevoir
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Envelope proteins

30. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
osmotic pressure
Prompt oral rehydration
cytoplasm - definition

31. Help bacteria to attach to one another
pili - function
HEV
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
cell membrane - definition

32. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Sacral ganglia
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
HIV - sexual

33. What bugs are obligate aerobes
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
All of them
Specialized transduction - an excision event

34. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
peptidoglycan - definition
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
arrangements - strepto...
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia

35. What is weil's disease
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
spontaneous generation
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

36. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Dipicolinic acid
Crohns or appendicitis
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear

37. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Rickettsia rickettsii
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Salmonella
No envelope

38. When do gram pos rods form spores
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Anti - HBsAb
When nutriets are limited
structures of prokaryotic cell

39. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
special staining of bacteria
Entamoeba histolytica
Yersinia enterocolitica
Avain resevoir

40. What is Anti - HBeAg
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

41. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Pneumocystis jerovici
infection process of animal viruses (6)
double- stranded DNA

42. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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43. What are the symptoms of TB
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Endosymbiotic Theory
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
oral yeast infections =

44. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
replication (AV)
spontaneous generation
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

45. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
HHV 6 - roseola
cytoplasm - definition
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

46. Grow in very hot conditions
hyperthermophiles
Clonorchis sinensis
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
acid- fast organism - definition

47. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
osmotic lysis
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

48. pus - empyema - abcess
S. aureus
Resistant
replication (AV)
yeast

49. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Rifampin
Fungi
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Type B protease IgA

50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Pasteurella multocida
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
lysozyme