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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Klebsiella pneumo
endospores are formed via
lysozyme
2. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
double- stranded DNA
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
3. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Schistosoma mansori
4. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
myc/myo means
Heat labile toxin
plasmolysis
gram stain - definition
5. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Reoviridae - rotavirus
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
fungi
Sporothrix schenckii
6. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
gram- negative cell wall
penetration (B)
Gallbladder
IVDU
7. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
osmotic lysis
Actinomyces israeli
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
8. What does aspergillus cause
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9. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Specialized transduction - an excision event
gram- positive stain - color
10. All living things are composed of cells
flaccid paralysis
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Cell Theory
helical shape - definition
11. chronic granulomatous disease
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Metabolic activity without division
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
12. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Actinomyces israeli
100 micrometers
cytoplasm - definition
13. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Genetic drift - epidemic
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
trichomoniasis symptoms
14. Minor changes based on random mutation
10%; viral
Genetic drift - epidemic
Lepromatous
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
15. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
16. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Neuraminidase
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
17. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
eukaryotes
M. tuberculosis
Pseudomonas
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
18. Rod- shaped
Superantigen
taxonomic hierarchy
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
bacillus
19. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
food thickeners
Measles
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
20. roseola - lots of spots
Azithromycin
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Toxplasmosis
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
21. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
amoebic dynsentry
microbiology
Enterobius
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
22. What are neoplasms associated with HIV
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23. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
cell wall - function
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
mitochondria - function
HEV
24. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
E. coli - proteus
Does not ferment sorbitol
Sterility
M. pneumoniae
25. Bacteriophage
fungi
complex virus example
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
characteristics of bacteria (5)
26. pos PAS stain
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27. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
chromosomes in nucleus are...
C. perfringens
Antigen in vaccines
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
28. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Guillain barre
malaria prevention
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Pasteurella multocida
29. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
basic shapes of bacteria
S. aureus
mitochondria - function
30. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
chromosome - description
Gardnerella vaginalis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Diphyllobothrium latum
31. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
mycology
Actinomyces israeli
interferon
32. What are agryll roberston pupils
Azithromycin
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
John Needham
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
33. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Staph or enteric GNR
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
3 groups in archaea
34. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
VZV - chickenpox
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
35. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
36. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
spontaneous generation
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Does not ferment sorbitol
Rubella
37. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
double- stranded RNA
Guillain barre
Candida
Acute/recent infection
38. How does TSST work
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
39. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
cytoplasm - definition
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Cell Theory
40. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Avain resevoir
Clonorchis sinensis
C. diptheriae
41. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
HHV-6 roseola
trichomoniasis...
HBC - hepatitis B
42. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Mycoplasma
43. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
facultative
44. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
M. kansasii
Pets - treat with topical azoles
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
45. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
myc/myo means
gram- positive stain - color
malaria symptoms
46. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
endospores are formed via
R. typhi
Lower lobe
Genetic drift - epidemic
47. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Actic polymerization
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
eukaryotes
food industry
48. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Rapid cell division
Rubella
49. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Killed viral vaccine
N. gono causing gono
50. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc