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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
biogenesis
food industry
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
many humans would test antibody positive for this

2. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
S - definition
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Acid fast organisms

3. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
IVDU
arrangements of bacteria

4. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Rubella
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Klebsiella
basic shapes of bacteria

5. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Weil Felix test
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

6. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
HDV
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Paragonimus westermani
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

7. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
DNA hepadnavirus
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

8. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Gallbladder
Actic polymerization
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

9. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
HHV 6 - roseola
glycocalyx - function
HSV-2 - genital herpes
spiral

10. What are prion disease caused by
hypotonic solution
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

11. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Acute/recent infection
Paragonimus westermani
Mucor or rhizopus
medical important mycobacteria

12. What are the gram pos bacilli
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Streptococcus - staphylococus

13. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
glycocalyx - function
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

14. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Treponema
Only borrelia

15. Size - cell structure - replication
H. flu
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR

16. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Beta hemolytic
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

17. Capitalized/italics or underlined
genus
food thickeners
complex virus example
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

18. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Klebsiella
commercial applications
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Viridans group streptococci

19. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Pasteurella multocida
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Severe bacteremia - death
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

20. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
how wine is spoiled
H. pylori
E. Coli
Many treponemas

21. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
CMV retinitis
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
special staining of bacteria

22. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
gas gangrene
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

23. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
osmotic lysis
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Bacterial superinfection
assembly (AV)

24. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Measles
Crohns or appendicitis
algae characteristics (3)
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment

25. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
S. aureus
three domains of microorganisms
John Needham - experiment
Gambiense - rhodesiense

26. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Treponema - primary syphillis
flaccid paralysis

27. Svedberg units
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
S - definition
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

28. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Pneumocystis jerovici

29. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
Surfers in the tropics
how many degrees celsius for mold?
double- stranded DNA
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

30. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
HHV-6 roseola
Nocardia asteroides
Schistosoma haematobium
spontaneous generation

31. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Chlamydia trachomatis

32. Unicellular and facultative
yeast
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

33. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
John Needham - experiment
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Enterobius
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

34. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Attachment to host T cell
Spikes

35. traumatic open wound
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
hyperthermophiles
R. typhi
C. perfringens

36. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
Vagina
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
lysozyme
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size

37. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Recombination
single- stranded DNA
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

38. What is the TX for rickettsiae
H. pylori
Doxycycline
S. aureus
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

39. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
protista kingdom

40. Rupturing of cell
lysis
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Pseudomonas

41. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Meningococci
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine

42. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Enterobacter cloacae
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
five kingdoms of microorganisms

43. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

44. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
single- stranded DNA
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Cmv

45. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Toxoplasmosis
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death

46. Where do DNA viruses replicate
CMV
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Rose gardner's
Antigen in vaccines

47. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
HIV - sexual
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
H flu
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

48. What is gardnerella associated with
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Sexual activity - but not an STI

49. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Klebsiella granulomatis
fungi
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised

50. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Transformation or competence
malaria prevention

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Microbiology

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