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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
Transformation or competence
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
HIV - sexual
2. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Bacillus anthracis
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
3. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
cell wall - function
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
4. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
arrangements - diplo
Staph or enteric GNR
HAV - RNA picornavirus
chlamydia
5. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
taxonomic hierarchy
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Ring enhancing brain lesions
6. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
malaria prevention
7. What feature is unique to shigella
Salmonella typhi
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
8. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
9. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Neuraminidase
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Salpingitis
10. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
chloroplasts - function
C. perfringens
Lepromatous
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
11. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
Borrelia recurrentis
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
12. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
endospores are resistant to (4)
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
13. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
E. Coli
taxonomic hierarchy
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
14. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Gallbladder
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
15. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Antigen associated with core of HBV
production of beer and wine
16. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Children
17. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why
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18. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
HBC - hepatitis B
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
endospores
19. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
flagella - function
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
production of beer and wine
20. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Fungi
21. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Killed/inactivated
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Group B strep
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
22. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
five fields of microbiology
Viridans group streptococci
algology
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
23. What does rhinovirus do
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Common cold
Tellurite agar
24. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Clostridia
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
25. What is HBeAg
smooth ER
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
S. epidermidis
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
26. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
release (AV)
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
27. How is treponema visualized
Dark field microscopy
Bat - racoon - skunk
adsorption (AV)
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
28. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
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29. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
Salmonella typhi
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
30. What are the markers of Hep immunity
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Anti - HBsAb
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
31. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
HBV from needle stick
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
32. When do gram pos rods form spores
When nutriets are limited
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
glycocalyx - function
33. This bacteria causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers - risk factor for peptic ulcer - gastric adenocarcinoma - lymphoma
Pets - treat with topical azoles
C. botulinum
Legionella
H. pylori
34. What are the symptoms of mumps
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
pasteurization
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
35. Rod- shaped
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
bacillus
Gardnerella vaginalis
36. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Cryptosporidium
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
37. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Pneumoniae and psittaci
CMV - RSV
Plasmodium
38. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
39. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
cilia
microbiology
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
40. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Gonococci
Double zone of hemolysis
41. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Plasmodium
lysis
42. What does gonococi cause
smooth ER
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
43. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Mumps virus - mumps
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Common cold
Killed/inactivated
44. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
medical important mycobacteria
Antigen in urine
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
45. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
No cell wall
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Pseudomonas
46. Mild respiratory infection
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
double- stranded RNA
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
adsorption (B)
47. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
double- stranded RNA
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
48. What kind of genome does HIV have
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Dipoid RNA
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
peptidoglycan - definition
49. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. aureus
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
HIV - sexual
50. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
rough ER
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Streptococcus - staphylococus
differential staining of bacteria