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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the markers of Hep immunity
golgi complex - function
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Anti - HBsAb
specialized flagella

2. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
histoplasmosis
Only humoral - stable

3. What is HBcAg
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Antigen associated with core of HBV
double- stranded RNA
Klebsiella

4. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Negative

5. 37 celsius
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Candida albicans
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Owl's eye inculsions

6. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Severe bacteremia - death
structures of prokaryotic cell

7. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
spiral - vibrio
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
actinomycetes (3) - description

8. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
bacteriology
H flu
S pneumo - GNR - listeria

9. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
hypotonic solution
All of them

10. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
R. prowazekii
single- stranded DNA
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid

11. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Common cold and SARS
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
endospores are resistant to (4)

12. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
rough ER
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

13. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
arrangements - strepto...
Pasteurella multocida
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Mycobacterium

14. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Proteus mirabilis
Viral gastroenteritis
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

15. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
nucleus
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

16. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Cryptococcus neoformans
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Staph or enteric GNR

17. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
protozoa (3)
food industry
they are eukaryotes

18. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Ring enhancing brain lesions

19. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Pasteurella multocida
animal kingdom
biogenesis
Strep bovis - also group D

20. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Actic polymerization
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
fimbriae - function

21. health care provider
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
HBV from needle stick
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

22. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

23. What is the pathophys of mucor
Elementary body
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

24. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
IgG Anti - HBcAg
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Strep pneumo and viridans
viral shapes

25. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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26. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Toxplasmosis
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Killed viral vaccine
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox

27. yeast infection
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
candidiasis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

28. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Genetic drift - epidemic
HIV - malnutrition - death
S. aureus
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes

29. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
osmotic pressure
importance of microorganisms
Clostridium botulinum
Pox - complex

30. Allgin and carrageenan
bacteriology
food thickeners
No envelope
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

31. What bug grows on eaton's agar
M. pneumoniae
Streptococcus - staphylococus
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

32. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
food thickeners
endocytosis...
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold

33. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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34. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
CMV retinitis
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Brucella sp
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

35. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
EBV
Cholesterol
Louis Pasteur
archaea domain

36. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Spikes
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus

37. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Staph or H. flu
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

38. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Syphillis - sexual contact
staining of bacteria

39. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
specific
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Metronidazole
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

40. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Salmonella
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
archaea domain
mitochondria - function

41. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
dormant
Theory of Biogenesis
chloroplasts - function
<30 - military - prisons

42. What does norwalk virus do
ribosomes - function
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Viral gastroenteritis
infection process of animal viruses (6)

43. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
C. botulinum
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
C. diptheriae
protozoan infections (5)

44. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis

45. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
DNA hepadnavirus
Cmv

46. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Rapid cell division
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

47. Require high salt concentrations
halophiles
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

48. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Pregnant women
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Trigeminal ganglia

49. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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50. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Candida
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
animal kingdom
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils