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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces isreallii
Mumps virus - mumps
Children
Rubella - respiratory droplets

2. What does PAS actually stain for
hypertonic solution
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
60%; viruses
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

3. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

4. chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
endospores - definition
Paracoccidioidomycosis

5. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
S. epidermidis
Resistant
VZV - chickenpox

6. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
S. aureus
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis

7. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Cigar shaped yeast
Genetic drift - epidemic

8. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Neuraminidase
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Mycoplasma

9. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
helical shape - definition
10%; viral
Reoviridae - rotavirus

10. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
algae characteristics (3)
Strep pneumo and viridans
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

11. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
Yersinia enterocolitica
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
gram- negative stain - explanation
Echinococcus granulosus

12. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
virus example
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
bacteria domain

13. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella

14. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
production of beer and wine
Antigen in vaccines
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

15. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Heat labile toxin
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Between 2 and 18 months

16. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Measles rubeola - measles
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

17. Will show special structures
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
bacteriology
special staining of bacteria

18. Herpes - warts
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
PHV
double- stranded DNA

19. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
bacteria domain
Bacterial superinfection

20. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
fungi
N. gono causing gono
Louis Pasteur

21. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
All of them
they are eukaryotes
Candida
Beta hemolytic

22. Multicellular and aerobic
molds
Only borrelia
Vulvuvaginitis
Pseudomonas

23. What is the nl flora in the nose
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
microbiology
arrangements - strepto...
Borrelia recurrentis

24. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

25. neutropenic pts
Candida and aspergillus
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Serratia marcescens
candidiasis

26. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
what peptidoglycan is composed of
yeast
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

27. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Lactose fermenting enterics
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Yes
Animal - except typhi - only in humans

28. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

29. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
spiral
pili - function
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

30. How are rickettsiae transmitted
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Metronidazole
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease

31. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

32. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Protozoan - a TORCH infection

33. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Neuraminidase
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
CMV retinitis
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

34. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
dormant
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

35. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Protein A - S. aureus
assembly (AV)
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

36. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

37. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Salmonella
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Toxoplasmosis

38. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
spiral - spirochete
All except coxiella are via arthropod
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

39. taenia solium - tricky Ts
spiral - spirillum
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
fungi

40. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Measles rubeola - measles
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Klebsiella granulomatis
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

41. 37 celsius
S. aureus
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
When nutriets are limited

42. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

43. What bug produces a red pigment
Serratia
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Enterobacter cloacae

44. Which DNA viruses are not linear
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
lysozyme
Surfers in the tropics
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

45. What are the symptoms of mumps
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Malignant otitis externa
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
replication for eukaryotes

46. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Enterobius
Resistant
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

47. Where does group B strep colonize
Bacterial superinfection
Vagina
Actinomyces and nocardia
differential staining of bacteria

48. Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage - definition
anaerobic
infection process of animal viruses (6)
C. perfringens

49. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Serratia
single- stranded DNA

50. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
double- stranded RNA
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Oral and esophageal thrush
M. pneumoniae