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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

2. What are prion disease caused by
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Serratia
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice

3. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
B. cereus
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

4. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Trigeminal ganglia

5. What are the symptoms of TB
tetanus
Group B strep - E. coli
Double zone of hemolysis
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

6. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Actic polymerization
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Endosymbiotic Theory

7. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Antigen in urine
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus

8. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

9. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Weil Felix test
CMV retinitis
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

10. What are agryll roberston pupils
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Pets - treat with topical azoles
pili - function

11. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Protozoan - a TORCH infection

12. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
HHV-8 - KS
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Campylobacter

13. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Azithromycin
Schistosoma haematobium
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

14. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
HIV - AIDS
Lower lobe
glycocalyx - function
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

15. What organisms stain with silver stain
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice

16. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
replication (AV)
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

17. yeast - molds - mushrooms
fungi kingdom
pseudopodia
protista kingdom
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

18. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
mycology
Doxycycline
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
biogenesis

19. Reassortment of viral genome (human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Genetic shift - pandemic
Crohns or appendicitis
John Needham - experiment
Syphillis - sexual contact

20. Lowercase/italics or underlined
M. tuberculosis
species
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

21. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

22. Describe the rabies virus
Candida
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset

23. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Borrelia burgdorferi
cell wall - function
Cryptococcus neoformans

24. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
HIV - sexual
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
protozoa (3)

25. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
cell wall - function
adsorption (AV)
Lower lobe

26. Which kind of viral vaccine requires a booster
Enteroinvasive E. coli
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Killed/inactivated
Aerosal - from environmental water source

27. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone

28. What does neg PPD indicated
endospores are resistant to (4)
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)

29. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV

30. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

31. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
Entamoeba histolytica
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Common cold
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

32. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Klebsiella granulomatis
Cigar shaped yeast
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis

33. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever

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34. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Bartonella henselae
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Nocardia asteroides

35. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
HBV
Salpingitis
candidiasis
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

36. What is the pathophys of mucor
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
what envelope contains
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

37. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
five kingdoms of microorganisms

38. How is listeria acquired - What does it form - and How is motility characterized
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles

39. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
histoplasmosis
Azithromycin
Neisseria
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

40. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Does not ferment sorbitol
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
endospores

41. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Gallbladder
Mycobacterium
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

42. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
protozoa (3)
Pox - complex
icosahedron
smooth ER

43. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
lipids (fats) =
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
JC virus causing PML
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

44. What does polyomavirus cause
antibiotics
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Metabolic activity without division

45. What does norwalk virus do
release (AV)
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Viral gastroenteritis
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

46. What does salmonella typhi cause
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Mycobacterium
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Serratia marcescens

47. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
N. gono causing gono
Haematobium - bladder
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

48. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Nocardia asteroides
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

49. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Clonorchis sinensis

50. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
osmotic lysis
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
simple staining of bacteria