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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Only humoral - stable
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Salpingitis

2. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
S. aureus
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Neuraminidase

3. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
Protein A - S. aureus
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
adsorption (AV)
Aerosal - from environmental water source

4. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Nocardia asteroides
Antigen in vaccines
D- K

5. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
M. kansasii
myc/myo means
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

6. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Malignant otitis externa
three domains of microorganisms
amoebic dynsentry

7. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Heat labile toxin
how many degrees celsius for mold?
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)

8. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
dormant
Staph make it - strep don't
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
cilia - function

9. What is the TX for pseudomonas
CMV
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
coccus

10. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Anaerobes
Paragonimus westermani
Bordetella pertussis
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

11. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Strep pneumo and viridans
Elevated CRP and ESR
Nematode in undercooked meat

12. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 100
Chlamydia trachomatis
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis

13. What are the only circular DNA viruses
Aerosal - from environmental water source
EBV
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Reassortment

14. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
flagella - function
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

15. What organisms are encapsulated
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Parvo - single stranded
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Bacillus anthracis

16. Protein synthesis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
ribosomes - function
Neuraminidase
production of beer and wine

17. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Legionella
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
release (B)

18. Which DNA viruses are not linear
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
endocytosis...

19. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
how many degrees celsius for mold?
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

20. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
monera kingdom
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Palivizumab
Gonococci

21. What is the triad of HUS
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Negative
molds
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure

22. What does norwalk virus do
Clostridium botulinum
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Viral gastroenteritis

23. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
N. gono causing gono
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
10 to 12

24. varicella - lots of spots
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
arrangements - strepto...
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

25. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
malaria prevention
Actinomyces isreallii
Campylobacter

26. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

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27. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
B. cereus
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
L1 - L2 - L3

28. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Bartonella sp
differential staining example

29. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Rose gardner's

30. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
10 to 12
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

31. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
10 to 12
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
capsid - definition

32. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
acid- fast - color
they are eukaryotes
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

33. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
histoplasmosis
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
fimbriae - function

34. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
what envelope contains
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

35. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Parvo - single stranded
viruses
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
special staining of bacteria

36. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Severe pneumonia
staining of bacteria
rickettsia

37. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
prokaryotes
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta

38. Unicellular and facultative
species
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
yeast

39. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
virology
Cell Theory
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Fungi

40. PNA in children 4wks to 18yrs
chromosomes in nucleus are...
cell wall - function
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

41. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
differential staining of bacteria
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

42. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Group B strep

43. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
prokaryotes

44. What makes a virus a retrovirus - name two
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Staph make it - strep don't
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor

45. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

46. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Toxoid vaccine

47. What does gp41 do
aerobic
Fusion and entry
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Tellurite agar

48. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Toxoplasmosis
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

49. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Salpingitis
M. avium intracellulare
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
chlamydia

50. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
release (AV)
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Protozoan - a TORCH infection

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Microbiology

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