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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
viruses
capsid - function
molds

2. How is legionella detected clinically
Children
Borrelia recurrentis
Antigen in urine
complex virus example

3. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
B. cereus
Rubella
Rapid cell division
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

4. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Does not ferment sorbitol
Chronic disease - positive during window period

5. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
HIV - malnutrition - death
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
E. coli - proteus
Pneumocystis jerovici

6. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

7. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
Rose gardner's
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
HAV - RNA picornavirus
adsorption (AV)

8. Help bacteria to attach to one another
pili - function
trichomoniasis symptoms
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Meningococci

9. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Dark field microscopy
Anti - HBsAb
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms

10. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Bacteria - STD
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
differential staining of bacteria

11. currant jelly sputum
commercial applications
Klebsiella
structures of prokaryotic cell
H flu

12. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Neuraminidase
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles

13. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
No cell wall
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

14. What organisms stain with india ink
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
HEV
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Cryptococcus neoformans

15. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Spikes
Resistant
cell wall - function
Rubella - respiratory droplets

16. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
plasmid - function

17. Which are the enteroviruses
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
release (AV)

18. What C. diptheria grows on...
Tellurite agar
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
C. perfringens
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

19. What is the TX for rickettsiae
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Doxycycline

20. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

21. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
icosahedron
John Needham - experiment
Actic polymerization

22. What does neg PPD indicated
Dark field microscopy
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Proteus mirabilis

23. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Killed/inactivated
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

24. What prophylactic treatment is given to AIDS pts to prevent M. avium intracellulare
Azithromycin
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Koch's Postulates 4
Hemagluttin

25. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
cytoplasm - definition
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Proteus mirabilis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

26. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

27. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Toxo crosses the placenta
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

28. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
double- stranded RNA
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Nematode in undercooked meat

29. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Cryptococcus neoformans
Shigella

30. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Gonococci
Immediately upon exposure
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

31. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
specialized flagella

32. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

33. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
John Needham
fungi
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
special staining of bacteria

34. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
Rubella german measles
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Diphyllobothrium latum
Killed viral vaccine

35. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
Transformation or competence
gram- negative cell wall
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
lysozyme

36. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
ASO titer
lipids (fats) =
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

37. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
lipids (fats) =
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

38. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Lower lobe
Borrelia burgdorferi
Metabolic activity without division

39. What is the TX for candidiasis
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
amoebic dynsentry
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

40. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Doxycycline
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
IVDU

41. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
archaea domain
gram stain - definition
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

42. 70S = 30S + 50S
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Dipicolinic acid
eukaryotes
molds

43. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Borrelia burgdorferi
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

44. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
Children
Genetic drift - epidemic
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

45. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Pen
flagella - function
Pseudomonas

46. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
capsid - function
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Between 2 and 18 months

47. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Motility - protein
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Vagina

48. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
infection process of animal viruses (6)
CMV retinitis
what envelope contains
hyperthermophiles

49. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Viridans group streptococci
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
histoplasmosis

50. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
five fields of microbiology
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
3 groups in archaea