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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Influenza virus
specific
Anti - HBsAb

2. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
bacteriophage - definition
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Gambiense - rhodesiense

3. What is the nl flora of the colon
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Neuraminidase

4. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
mitochondria - function
Mycoplasma - have sterols
spiral

5. yeast infection
HIV - sexual
candidiasis
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
HEV

6. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Does not ferment sorbitol
Envelope proteins
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Salmonella typhi

7. Unicellular and facultative
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Klebsiella
yeast
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

8. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
C. botulinum
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Trigeminal ganglia
Brucella sp

9. Basic shapes - arrangements - motility - staining - oxygen requirements
characteristics of bacteria (5)
S. aureus
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7

10. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
aerobic
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides

11. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
virus example
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart

12. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Legionella
fungi
Bordetella pertussis
Klebsiella granulomatis

13. What organisms do Giemsa stain pick up
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
endoplasmic reticulum - definition

14. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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15. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Lower lobe
Clostridium tetani
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR

16. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
cytoplasm - definition
Clindamycin or ampicillin

17. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
N. gono causing gono
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Enterobius
Legionella

18. What is the main complication of mumps
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Sterility
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate

19. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN

20. What are the lab findings for cholera
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
ribosomes - function
Actinomyces isreallii
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

21. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Doxycycline
complex virus example
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Toxo crosses the placenta

22. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

23. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
flaccid paralysis
fimbriae - function
pasteurization
Rifampin

24. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Malignant otitis externa
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

25. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Gambiense - rhodesiense
M. pneumoniae

26. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Actic polymerization
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

27. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
C. perfringens
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

28. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
protozoan infections (5)
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
lipids (fats) =
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

29. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
100 micrometers
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Francesco Redi

30. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
E. coli
yeast
Klebsiella granulomatis

31. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
arrangements - strepto...

32. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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33. What C. diptheria grows on...
Tellurite agar
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

34. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Proteus mirabilis
cytoplasm - definition
HAV - RNA picornavirus

35. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
animal kingdom
Theory of Biogenesis
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen

36. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
Gambiense - rhodesiense
CMV - RSV
Serratia marcescens
five kingdoms of microorganisms

37. What is pontiac fever
Nematode in undercooked meat
Ancylostoma - necator
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

38. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Cryptosporidium
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Reoviridae - rotavirus

39. Histoplasmosis
many humans would test antibody positive for this
C tetani
Neisseria
Aerosal and causes pneumonia

40. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1 - L2 - L3
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
bacteria domain

41. Chains
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
arrangements - strepto...
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

42. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Pasteurella multocida
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

43. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

44. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Double zone of hemolysis
HHV-6 roseola
glycocalyx - function

45. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
species
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Pasteurella multocida

46. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Cell Theory
genus
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold

47. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Salmonella
envelope - definition
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone

48. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
Muramic acid
flagella
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

49. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
C. diptheriae
Fungi
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
hypertonic solution

50. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
molds
Entamoeba histolytica
Actinomyces and nocardia
Resistant

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