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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Koch's Postulates 2
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

2. What does gonococi cause
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence

3. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
Theory of Biogenesis
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
mycolic acid - definition
100 micrometers

4. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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5. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
helical shape - definition
halophiles
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

6. What is endotoxin
endospores are resistant to (4)
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
C. perfringens
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

7. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
glycocalyx - function
B. cereus
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
histoplasmosis

8. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Enterobius
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

9. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Palivizumab
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Treponema - primary syphillis
Measles

10. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
production of beer and wine
assembly (AV)
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes

11. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Mucor or rhizopus
HIV - malnutrition - death
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

12. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Croup - seal like barking cough
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
HHV-8 - KS

13. 25 celsius
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
how many degrees celsius for mold?
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria

14. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Mumps virus - mumps
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Clostridium botulinum
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

15. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
N. gono causing gono
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Gonococci

16. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
single- stranded DNA
Parvo - single stranded
Yersinia pestis
Toxoid vaccine

17. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Streptococcus mutans
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact

18. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Actinomyces israeli
No - erythromycin

19. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Oral and esophageal thrush

20. Which are the herpesviruses
3 groups in archaea
Paracoccidioidomycosis
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

21. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Acid fast organisms
five fields of microbiology

22. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

23. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Metabolic activity without division
Salmonella
fermentation - definition

24. What is the resevoir of salmonella
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Bordetella pertussis

25. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Schistosoma haematobium
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

26. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
10%; viral
differential staining of bacteria
hypotonic solution
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus

27. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

28. Rupturing of cell
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
lysis
8 - orthomyoxovirus

29. HaemoPhilus causes....
CMV - RSV
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
assembly (AV)
Weil Felix test

30. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
E. coli
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Rabies

31. What is the triad of HUS
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
HEV
how many degrees celsius for mold?

32. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
yeast
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
All of them
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

33. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
R. prowazekii
Francesco Redi
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets

34. What viruses make up the arena virus family
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
IVDU
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR

35. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
trichomoniasis symptoms
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Protozoan - STD
Meningococci

36. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Clostridium tetani
Chlamydia trachomatis

37. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Dark field microscopy
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Koch's Postulates 1

38. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Rubella german measles
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

39. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool

40. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Surfers in the tropics
PCR/Viral load
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

41. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
peptidoglycan - definition
Metronidazole
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

42. Are there carriers for HDV
Koch's Postulates 2
flagella - function
Yes
fungal infection examples (3)

43. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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44. What is the TX for candidiasis
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic

45. liver cysts - parasite
Echinococcus granulosus
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Candida albicans
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen

46. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
uncoating (AV)
Salmonella typhi
adsorption (AV)

47. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
Pseudomonas
Mice - deer
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

48. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
facultative
HBV

49. Size - cell structure - replication
10 to 12
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
N. gono causing gono
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

50. fungal infection in diabetic
Influenza virus
Pasteurella multocida
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Mucor or rhizopus