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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Saucer shaped yeast forms
double- stranded DNA
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Mycoplasma - have sterols

2. What is pontiac fever
Metronidazole
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid

3. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

4. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
HBV from needle stick
penetration (AV)
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
All of them

5. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
R. typhi
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

6. SIV does not infect humans - HIV does
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
virus example
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

7. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV

8. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
pili - function

9. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria

10. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
gram- negative stain - explanation
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

11. What acid is in the spore core
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Treponema - primary syphillis
When nutriets are limited
Dipicolinic acid

12. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV

13. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Schistosoma haematobium
Pasteurella multocida
envelope is composed of...
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

14. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Dipicolinic acid
Superantigen
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
nucleic acid

15. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
PHV

16. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Surfers in the tropics
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

17. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Guillain barre
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Specialized transduction - an excision event

18. Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
HBC - hepatitis B
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
S. aureus

19. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

20. What are VRE and What do they cause
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Koch's Postulates 3
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur

21. How are rickettsiae transmitted
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Influenza virus
gram- positive stain - explanation
Treponema - primary syphillis

22. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
HBC - hepatitis B
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

23. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
infection process of animal viruses (6)

24. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Elevated CRP and ESR
five fields of microbiology
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein

25. What is HBcAg
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
John Needham - experiment

26. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
S. aureus
H flu
Sporothrix schenckii
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.

27. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Doxycycline
Recombination

28. perianal pruritis - parasite
simple staining of bacteria
Enterobius
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
red tide

29. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
E. coli
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

30. What bug produces a red pigment
Serratia
release (B)
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

31. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
replication (B)
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
DNA hepadnavirus

32. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
EBV
Pasteurella multocida

33. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Sacral ganglia
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Bordetella pertussis
plant kingdom

34. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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35. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
how do viruses take over a host cell?
single- stranded RNA
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

36. What are the lab findings for H pylori
icosahedron
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
tetanus
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

37. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
gram- negative cell wall
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

38. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Candida and aspergillus
prokaryotes
Pasteurella multocida

39. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Rapid cell division
S. aureus
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

40. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Histoplasmosis
R. typhi
HIV - malnutrition - death

41. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Pseudomonas
Protozoan - STD
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Rapid cell division

42. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
microbiology

43. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
malaria
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

44. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum

45. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
L1 - L2 - L3
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

46. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Parvoviridae
release (B)
rickettsia

47. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
staining of bacteria
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
HIV - malnutrition - death

48. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Beta hemolytic
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

49. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
genus
fermentation - definition
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

50. How is legionella transmitted
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Entamoeba hisotlytica
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
3 groups in archaea