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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
cilia - function

2. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Cmv
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
cilia

3. meningitis in >60
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
double- stranded DNA
facultative

4. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rifampin
Resistant

5. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
N. gono causing gono

6. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Fusion and entry
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

7. What bug produces a red pigment
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Serratia
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Clostridium perfringens

8. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Mononuclear cells
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

9. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Candida albicans
H flu type B
Unimmunised kids

10. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Schistosoma haematobium
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

11. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pregnant women
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Candida albicans
Croup - seal like barking cough

12. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Aerosal - from environmental water source
hypotonic solution

13. What are prion disease caused by
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Toxplasmosis
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes

14. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
complex virus example
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold

15. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
HIV - sexual
No envelope

16. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
fungi kingdom

17. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Clostridium tetani
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Cmv

18. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
icosahedron
Actinomyces and nocardia

19. What are VRE and What do they cause
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Clonorchis sinensis
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Anti - HBsAb

20. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Staph saprophyticus
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Elevated CRP and ESR
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

21. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Gallbladder

22. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
H flu type B
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
HHV-6 roseola

23. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Bartonella sp

24. Allgin and carrageenan
PHV
anaerobic
Yersinia pestis
food thickeners

25. Allows nutrients in - waste out
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
cell membrane - function
Sacral ganglia
bacteria domain

26. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
ABC
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Spikes

27. When is H flu vaccine give
John Needham
Between 2 and 18 months
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Doxycycline

28. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

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29. Sporulation
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Nocardia asteroides
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
endospores are formed via

30. Postviral PNA
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
spiral
glycocalyx - function
Staph or H. flu

31. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
icosahedron
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz

32. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Food - fingers - feces - flies
chemical synthesis...
M. pneumoniae
release (B)

33. What does aspergillus cause

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34. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Theory of Biogenesis
C tetani
Motility - protein
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV

35. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
flagella - function
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Pseudomonas

36. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Clostridium perfringens
mycoplasma (5) - description
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant

37. ulcers - lymphadenopathy - rectal strictures - org and dz
uncoating (AV)
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella

38. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
virus example
Staph or enteric GNR
Salmonella
Generalized transduction - a packaging event

39. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

40. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
capsid - function
No - erythromycin
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

41. Requires absence of oxygen
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
anaerobic

42. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
histoplasmosis
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Bordetella pertussis

43. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Borrelia recurrentis
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

44. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
pasteurization
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

45. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B

46. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Sacral ganglia
Antigen in urine
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Killed viral vaccine

47. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Actic polymerization

48. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
Only humoral - stable
L1 - L2 - L3
Rickettsia rickettsii
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

49. Trichomonas
Nocardia asteroides
VZV - chickenpox
flagella
methanogens

50. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
protozoan infections (5)
amoebic dynsentry
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine