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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Clindamycin or ampicillin
2. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
osmotic lysis
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
3. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
replication for eukaryotes
S. aureus
Attachment to host T cell
4. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Streptococcus mutans
Sporothrix schenckii
Serratia marcescens
5. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Cigar shaped yeast
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
6. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
double- stranded DNA
Severe bacteremia - death
flagella - description
7. Which males have UTIs
Ancylostoma - necator
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Weil Felix test
8. 10 - 100 micrometers
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
pasteurization
Elevated CRP and ESR
eukaryotes
9. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Mucor or rhizopus
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
10. roseola - lots of spots
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Pasteurella multocida
Entamoeba histolytica
11. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
penetration (B)
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
PHV
12. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Lower lobe
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
13. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
14. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
gram- negative stain - color
B. cereus
plant kingdom
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
15. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
archaea domain
how wine is spoiled
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
16. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
replication (AV)
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
17. Agar
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
red algae make
polyhedral shape - defintion
trichomoniasis symptoms
18. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
Bacteria - STD
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
HIV - AIDS
19. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
S. aureus
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Heat labile toxin
20. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
eukarya domain
C. perfringens
21. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Pneumocystis jerovici
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Bartonella henselae
structures of prokaryotic cell
22. Multicellular and aerobic
molds
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Yeast - protazoan
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
23. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Palivizumab
giardia
mycolic acid - definition
24. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Paracoccidioidomycosis
necrosis
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
25. Name the live attenuated vaccines
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26. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Paramyxovirus; measles
production of beer and wine
Cholesterol
100 micrometers
27. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
60%; viruses
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Nocardia asteroides
28. What happens in tertiary syphillis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
M. kansasii
Francisella tularenis
29. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
spiral - vibrio
Specialized transduction - an excision event
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
30. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
trichomoniasis...
Ring enhancing brain lesions
31. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Mycoplasma - have sterols
endocytosis...
Yeast - protazoan
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
32. Which bacteria are beta hemolytic
Fungi
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Klebsiella granulomatis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
33. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
HHV 6 - roseola
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
34. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
microaerophilic
Weil Felix test
C. diptheriae
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
35. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
production of beer and wine
mycology
Meningococci
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
36. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
37. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Lower lobe
commercial applications
Borrelia burgdorferi
38. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
how do viruses take over a host cell?
39. rubella - lots of spots
Cholesterol
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
chromosome - function
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
40. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
basic shapes of bacteria
HHV-6 roseola
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Children
41. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
C tetani
Aseptic meningitis
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
characteristics of bacteria (5)
42. Cyst with four nuclei
Croup - seal like barking cough
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Measles
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
43. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
cell wall - function
44. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Theory of Biogenesis
differential staining example
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Measles rubeola - measles
45. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Koch's Postulates 4
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
HIV - malnutrition - death
Avain resevoir
46. Who typically gets sporothrix
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47. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
cell membrane - definition
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
48. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Campylocobacter jejuni
Cell Theory
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Lepromatous
49. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
HBV
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
replication for eukaryotes
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
50. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Killed/inactivated
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR