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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is a positive Monospot test
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
bacillus
malaria
2. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
eukaryotic organelles - definition
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
3. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
Salpingitis
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
interferon
4. Ability to move via flagella
motility of bacteria
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
genus
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
5. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
6. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
red tide
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
7. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
three domains of microorganisms
8. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Bat - racoon - skunk
Aerosal - from environmental water source
what envelope contains
9. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
biogenesis
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
capsid is composed of...
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
10. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Yersinia pestis
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
11. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Cmv
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
12. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Pasteurella multocida
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
13. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
C. diptheriae
Entamoeba histolytica
Staph make it - strep don't
Mycoplasma - have sterols
14. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Toxoplasmosis
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Gambiense - rhodesiense
capsid is composed of...
15. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
cell wall - function
gas gangrene
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
16. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Staph make it - strep don't
arrangements - diplo
L1 - L2 - L3
17. Structure unique to some bacteria
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Guillain barre
endospores
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
18. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
coccus
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
assembly (AV)
19. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Toxoplasmosis
20. liver cysts - parasite
R. typhi
Echinococcus granulosus
Mycoplasma
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
21. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
Owl's eye inculsions
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
22. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
23. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Anaerobes
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
24. What organisms stain with PAS
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25. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Meningococci
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
26. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
27. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
gram stain - definition
Dipoid RNA
Rapid cell division
mycolic acid - definition
28. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
ASO titer
E. Coli
29. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Treponema - primary syphillis
Toxo crosses the placenta
30. What animals carry rabies virus
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Bat - racoon - skunk
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
31. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Campylobacter
cilia - function
Staph make it - strep don't
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
32. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
cilia
nucleic acid
E. coli
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
33. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
ABC
Endosymbiotic Theory
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
molds
34. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
Histoplasmosis
Ring enhancing brain lesions
humans do not have
Robert Hooke
35. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
36. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
hypotonic solution
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
37. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Enterobacter cloacae
No cell wall
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
CMV retinitis
38. Allgin and carrageenan
Dipicolinic acid
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
food thickeners
39. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
CMV
HBC - hepatitis B
how wine is spoiled
Common cold
40. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
Candida
basic shapes of bacteria
Only borrelia
cytoplasm - definition
41. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Aerosal - from environmental water source
42. African sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes - recurring fever - organism - transmission - dx - tx
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
43. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Capsid protein
flagella
44. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
S. aureus
Treponema
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
cell membrane - definition
45. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Bordetella pertussis
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Yersinia enterocolitica
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
46. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
Salmonella
specialized flagella
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
47. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Negative
3 groups in archaea
humans do not have
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
48. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
49. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Syphillis - sexual contact
50. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash