SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Theory of Biogenesis
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
2. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
biogenesis
Meningococci
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Salmonella
3. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Coagulation cascade - DIC
lysozyme
4. Rod- shaped
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
bacillus
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
adsorption (AV)
5. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
HAV - RNA picornavirus
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Bacterial superinfection
6. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
acid- fast organism - definition
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
viruses
Serratia marcescens
7. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
spontaneous generation example
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
8. What bugs are obligate aerobes
genus
humans do not have
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
9. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Bordetella pertussis
Robert Hooke
actinomycetes (3) - description
Killed viral vaccine
10. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Mononuclear cells
11. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
12. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
C. botulinum
Yersinia pestis
13. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
replication for eukaryotes
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Koch's Postulates 3
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
14. What does salmonella typhi cause
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Gardnerella vaginalis
Francesco Redi - experiment
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
15. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Treponema - primary syphillis
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
chromosomes in nucleus are...
16. 'powerhouse of the cell' - involved with ATP (energy) productions; contain 70S ribosomes
Actinomyces
Borrelia burgdorferi
mitochondria - function
giardia
17. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
lipids (fats) =
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
18. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
HBV
E. coli - proteus
Rabies
19. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
ABC
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Francesco Redi
20. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission
21. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Antigen in urine
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
22. Pink
gram- negative stain - color
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
23. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Metabolic activity without division
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Candida
24. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
DNA hepadnavirus
Brucella sp
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
cell wall - function
25. Clusters
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
biogenesis
arrangements - staphylo
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
26. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Louis Pasteur
Nematode in undercooked meat
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
27. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
fungal infection examples (3)
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
28. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Sporothrix schenckii
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
29. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
Fungi
Only borrelia
complex virus example
Pasteurella multocida
30. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
HCV
HSV-2 - genital herpes
rickettsia
31. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
gas gangrene
C. diptheriae
Mice - deer
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
32. What does parvovirus cause
Yersinia pestis
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Nucleus - except parvovirus
33. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Rifampin
Louis Pasteur - experiment
gram- negative stain - explanation
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
34. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Many treponemas
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
35. Which are the naked viruses
species
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Gardnerella vaginalis
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
36. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Pseudomonas
eukaryotic organelles - definition
37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
actinomycetes (3) - description
John Needham - experiment
Motility - protein
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
38. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Haematobium - bladder
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Gonococci
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
39. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Killed viral vaccine
Theory of Biogenesis
Yeast - protazoan
40. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
importance of microorganisms
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
41. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
helical shape - definition
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
42. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
fermentation - definition
spiral
chromosome - function
production of beer and wine
43. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Viridans group streptococci
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
10 to 12
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
44. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Elementary body
45. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease
46. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
food thickeners
Louis Pasteur
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Bordetella pertussis
47. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Trigeminal ganglia
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Transformation or competence
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
48. Chemical synthesis and food industry
commercial applications
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Starts quickly and ends quickly
amoebic dynsentry
49. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
medical important mycobacteria
archaea domain
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
50. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
All of them
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
differential staining example