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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Vulvuvaginitis
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
eukarya domain
2. varicella - lots of spots
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
B. cereus
3. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
plant kingdom
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
4. Which bacteria are spirochetes
osmotic lysis
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
5. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
necrosis
malaria prevention
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
6. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Actinomyces israeli
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Toxoid vaccine
Lepromatous
7. What are gp120 and gp41 together
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Envelope proteins
E. Coli
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
8. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
E. Coli
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
100 micrometers
E. coli - proteus
9. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
10. How does mucomycosis present clinically
Severe pneumonia
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Pseudomonas
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
11. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
importance of microorganisms
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
cytoplasm - definition
12. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
flagella - function
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
13. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Haematobium - bladder
cytoplasm - definition
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
14. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Reassortment
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
15. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
cytoplasm - definition
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
16. Chains
arrangements - strepto...
cell wall - function
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
17. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
3 groups in archaea
18. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
Theory of Biogenesis
HAV - RNA picornavirus
lysis
single- stranded RNA
19. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
Yersinia enterocolitica
assembly (B)
E. coli
capsid is composed of...
20. microcytic anemia - parasite
Ancylostoma - necator
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
arrangements of bacteria
21. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever
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22. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Spikes
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
23. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
algology
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
24. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
cell membrane - function
plasmid - definition
HAV - RNA picornavirus
25. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
26. What does poxvirus cause
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27. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
trichomoniasis symptoms
Campylocobacter jejuni
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
28. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Surfers in the tropics
Borrelia recurrentis
three domains of microorganisms
29. rubella - lots of spots
Mycobacterium
C. diptheriae
hyperthermophiles
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
30. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
tetanus
EBV
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Robert Hooke
31. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
protozoa (3)
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Strep pneumo and viridans
Borrelia burgdorferi
32. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
33. What does echovirus do
Elevated CRP and ESR
Aseptic meningitis
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
34. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Clostridia
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
spiral - spirillum
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
35. What happens when primary TB heals by fibrosis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Mononuclear cells
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
36. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
HSV-2 - genital herpes
ASO titer
37. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
taxonomic hierarchy
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
38. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
endospores are resistant to (4)
Syphillis - sexual contact
39. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
<30 - military - prisons
40. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Nocardia asteroides
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
41. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
plasmolysis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
HEV
myc/myo means
42. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Diphyllobothrium latum
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
43. What does shiga toxin do and what bugs produce it
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
44. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Fungi
Fusion and entry
Plasmodium
Chlamydia trachomatis
45. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Gonococci
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Influenza virus
Treponema
46. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
gram- positive stain - color
47. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Toxo crosses the placenta
Campylocobacter jejuni
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
48. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
virus example
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
49. What features are unique to salmonella
bacillus
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
cell membrane - definition
50. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Koch's Postulates 3
Cyanophora paradoxa
M. tuberculosis
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart