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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Are there carriers for HDV
Yes
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
double- stranded DNA

2. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Actic polymerization
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not

3. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
release (B)
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Doxycycline
spiral - spirochete

4. Water movement with hypotonic solution or hypertonic solution
osmotic pressure
H. flu
chloroplasts - function
Rubella - respiratory droplets

5. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
lipids (fats) =
Strep pneumo and viridans

6. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
HSV-2 - genital herpes

7. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life

8. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
HHV-8 - KS
Rickettsia rickettsii
Acute/recent infection
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

9. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
S. aureus
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Rapid cell division

10. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever

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11. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Koch's Postulates 4
Severe bacteremia - death
Borrelia burgdorferi

12. When do gram pos rods form spores
lysis
When nutriets are limited
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

13. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Bacteria - STD
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

14. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Doxycycline
trichomoniasis symptoms
VZV - chickenpox

15. Which males have UTIs
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
commercial applications
Reoviridae - rotavirus
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis

16. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
C. perfringens
Enterobacter cloacae
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)

17. What does parvovirus cause
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
HBV from needle stick
H. pylori

18. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Theory of Biogenesis
gram- positive cell wall
eukaryotes
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

19. What is gardnerella associated with
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis

20. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Genetic shift - pandemic
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
release (AV)
Proteus mirabilis

21. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Antigen in vaccines

22. Which are the herpesviruses
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
C. perfringens

23. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
ribosomes - function

24. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Strep bovis - also group D
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Endosymbiotic Theory
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole

25. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
plasmid - function
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

26. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
protozoa (3)
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

27. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
Strep bovis - also group D
PHV
food industry
hypotonic solution

28. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
adsorption (AV)
Beta hemolytic

29. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Anti - HBsAb
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

30. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Bacteria - STD
osmotic lysis
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Bartonella henselae

31. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

32. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
C. perfringens
hypertonic solution
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Owl's eye inculsions

33. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Influenza virus
protozoa (3)
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)

34. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
double- stranded RNA
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Spikes

35. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
ribosomes - function

36. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive

37. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Fusion and entry
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

38. What does HBsAg indicate
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture

39. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
mycology
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants

40. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Serratia
Mycobacterium
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Klebsiella granulomatis

41. PNA in elderly
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
H flu type B
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

42. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
rickettsia
HBC - hepatitis B
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis

43. What does coxaskcievirus do
spiral
gram- positive stain - color
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Shigella

44. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
lipids (fats) =
icosahedron
Influenza virus
Sexual activity - but not an STI

45. How do you treat lyme disease
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen

46. What are the neg strand RNA viruses
chlamydia
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

47. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Reoviridae - rotavirus
what peptidoglycan is composed of
algae characteristics (3)
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules

48. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
EBV
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor

49. Where does group B strep colonize
E. coli - proteus
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Vagina
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

50. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Immediately upon exposure
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common