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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
D- K
2. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Lactose fermenting enterics
Meningococci
3. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
When nutriets are limited
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
many humans would test antibody positive for this
4. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
Schistosoma haematobium
Crohns or appendicitis
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
5. What are VRE and What do they cause
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
6. Postviral PNA
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Staph or H. flu
7. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
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8. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Legionella
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
capsid is composed of...
9. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Enterobacter cloacae
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Staph or enteric GNR
ASO titer
10. What acid is in the spore core
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
chromosome - function
Dipicolinic acid
Staph make it - strep don't
11. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Meningococci
cytoplasm - definition
giardia
Pasteurella multocida
12. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
differential staining example
single- stranded RNA
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Streptococcus mutans
13. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
Viridans group streptococci
simple staining of bacteria
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
14. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Elevated CRP and ESR
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
15. What are prion disease caused by
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Only borrelia
16. Where do EBV cells remain latent
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
halophiles
B cells
17. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
protista kingdom
IVDU
ribosomes - function
18. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Lower lobe
arrangements of bacteria
19. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
what peptidoglycan is composed of
HEV
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
20. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Toxoplasmosis
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
21. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Yeast - protazoan
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
C. perfringens
<30 - military - prisons
22. What is the TX for sporthrix
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Beta hemolytic
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
23. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
IVDU
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
monera kingdom
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
24. Spiral
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
spiral - spirillum
replication (AV)
25. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
plasmid - definition
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
26. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Rifampin
biogenesis
chemical synthesis...
27. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
Toxoid vaccine
Type B protease IgA
differential staining example
28. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Vulvuvaginitis
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Fusion and entry
29. Which bacteria have no cell wall
lipids (fats) =
HIV - AIDS
C. perfringens
Mycoplasma - have sterols
30. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Fungi
31. Ability to move via flagella
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
motility of bacteria
Fungi
D- K
32. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
33. What does M protein do - who has it
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
34. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Hemagluttin
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
35. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Muramic acid
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
rickettsia
36. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
37. What does listeria infection cause
C tetani
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Louis Pasteur - experiment
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
38. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
60%; viruses
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Cyanophora paradoxa
39. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
polyhedral shape - defintion
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Pseudomonas
40. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
endospores are resistant to (4)
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
41. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
biogenesis
Actinomyces israeli
lysozyme
42. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Double zone of hemolysis
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
43. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
HEV
flagella - description
C. botulinum
44. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Salpingitis
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
C. diff
45. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
pasteurization
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
46. Prevents contraction of muscles
uncoating (AV)
Treponema - primary syphillis
oral yeast infections =
flaccid paralysis
47. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Legionella
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
flagella
48. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Fusion and entry
chromosome - description
PHV
8 - orthomyoxovirus
49. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
differential staining example
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
50. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses