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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
Spikes
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
2. Are there carriers for HDV
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Yes
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
3. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Lymph nodes
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
4. What is the TX for h pylori
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
CMV - RSV
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
basic shapes of bacteria
5. What color sputum - and sepsis in which patients is associated with pneumococcus
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
6. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
characteristics of bacteria (5)
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
eukaryotic organelles (5)
7. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
PCR/Viral load
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Salmonella
John Needham
8. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
basic shapes of bacteria
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
9. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Between 2 and 18 months
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
10. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
nucleic acid
11. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
hyperthermophiles
archaea domain
HBC - hepatitis B
coccus
12. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
microaerophilic
gram- positive cell wall
Acute/recent infection
dormant
13. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
S. aureus
14. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
Spikes
Bacillus anthracis
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
envelope is composed of...
15. Helical - polyhedral - complex
glycocalyx - function
viral shapes
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
16. What are the symptoms of diptheria
HBV
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
double- stranded DNA
17. 80S = 60S + 40S
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
S. epidermidis
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
pili - function
18. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
gram- negative stain - explanation
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
what envelope contains
19. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
gram- positive cell wall
spontaneous generation
coccus
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
20. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Mycoplasma
Toxoid vaccine
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
21. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Klebsiella
they are eukaryotes
22. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Meningococci
Strep bovis - also group D
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
23. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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24. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
All of them
algae characteristics (3)
Pasteurella multocida
Cell Theory
25. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Toxplasmosis
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
candidiasis
Entertoxigenic E. coli
26. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
S. aureus
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
chromosome - function
27. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
single- stranded DNA
Plasmodium
28. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
helical shape - definition
Diphyllobothrium latum
29. Blue
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
10%; viral
not acid- fast - colo
Unimmunised kids
30. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
single- stranded RNA
tetanus
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Cell Theory
31. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
N. gono causing gono
release (B)
32. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
All of them
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Pets - treat with topical azoles
33. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
archaea domain
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
five fields of microbiology
34. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
food thickeners
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Antigen in vaccines
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
35. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Candida
36. Membrane- bound - cellular structures that perform a function - analogous to organs in the body
Starts quickly and ends quickly
M. tuberculosis
eukaryotic organelles - definition
E. coli - proteus
37. What viruses make up the arena virus family
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Pasteurella multocida
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
38. What Abx does the gram neg outer membance inhbit entry of - but which derivatives of that same class might they be sensitive to...
Dipicolinic acid
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Entertoxigenic E. coli
39. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
S. epidermidis
Salmonella
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Measles rubeola - measles
40. dog or cat bite
Diphyllobothrium latum
Pasteurella multocida
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
penetration (AV)
41. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
ribosomes - function
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Salmonella
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
42. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Rabies
Fusion and entry
No envelope
43. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Lepromatous
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
44. Prevents contraction of muscles
malaria prevention
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Clostridium tetani
flaccid paralysis
45. How does TSST work
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Genetic drift - epidemic
46. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Staph or H. flu
47. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
C tetani
uncoating (AV)
Only borrelia
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
48. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Severe bacteremia - death
chlamydia
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
49. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
yeast
50. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Klebsiella
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
pseudopodia