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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
methanogens
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
S. aureus
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
2. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
plasmid - function
Bacteria - STD
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
3. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
simple staining of bacteria
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Attachment to host T cell
4. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
smooth ER
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Yersinia enterocolitica
5. What does HBsAg indicate
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
assembly (B)
Ingestion of preformed toxin
6. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Avain resevoir
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
7. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Actinomyces isreallii
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
8. A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing proteins - carbohydrates - and sterols
cell membrane - definition
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
gram- positive cell wall
necrosis
9. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
adsorption (AV)
10. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Clostridium perfringens
Elevated CRP and ESR
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
mycoplasma (5) - description
11. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Pen
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
differential staining example
12. Rodent viruses (not very common)
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
single- stranded DNA
Shigella
Enterobacter cloacae
13. B12 def - parasite
release (AV)
M. pneumoniae
Diphyllobothrium latum
Double zone of hemolysis
14. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
C. diff
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
15. dog or cat bite
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Many treponemas
Pasteurella multocida
16. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
100 micrometers
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
17. What species causing bloody diarrhea is lactose neg - very low ID50 and produces shiga toxin
Koch's Postulates 4
Shigella
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
single- stranded RNA
18. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
differential staining example
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Metronidazole
19. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Staph or enteric GNR
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
HDV
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
20. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Actinomyces
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
21. What bug grows on eaton's agar
M. pneumoniae
Killed viral vaccine
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
how do viruses take over a host cell?
22. How does urinary tract infection present
germination
Serratia
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
23. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Does not ferment sorbitol
24. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Heat labile toxin
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
25. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
spiral - spirochete
plasmid - definition
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
100 micrometers
26. What organisms are encapsulated
S. aureus
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
27. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Paramyxovirus; measles
Gardnerella vaginalis
R. prowazekii
28. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
giardia
Rapid cell division
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
29. Where does group B strep colonize
R. typhi
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Vagina
30. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
C tetani
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
31. What is the TX for gardnerella
Metabolic activity without division
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Metronidazole
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
32. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Koch's Postulates 1
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Campylocobacter jejuni
33. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
monera kingdom
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
anaerobic
Prompt oral rehydration
34. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
tetanus
lipids (fats) =
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
how wine is spoiled
35. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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36. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
37. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
ribosomes - function
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
38. Purple
spiral - vibrio
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
gram- positive stain - color
39. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
medical important mycobacteria
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Prompt oral rehydration
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
40. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
PCR/Viral load
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
41. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
M. pneumoniae
basic shapes of bacteria
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
42. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
assembly (AV)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
43. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
EBV
44. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Rabies
Pasteurella multocida
45. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Parvo - single stranded
Metronidazole
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
46. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
arrangements of bacteria
Palivizumab
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
envelope is composed of...
47. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Bartonella henselae
Actinomyces
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
48. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Food - fingers - feces - flies
many humans would test antibody positive for this
49. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
CMV retinitis
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Klebsiella pneumo
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
50. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
capsid - definition
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
plasmolysis
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact