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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
HBV from needle stick
rickettsia
Rickettsia rickettsii
fungal infection examples (3)
2. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
VZV - chickenpox
gram- negative cell wall
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Genetic drift - epidemic
3. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
interferon
4. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Borrelia burgdorferi
5. What is in pneumovax
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Aseptic meningitis
6. When do gram pos rods form spores
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
When nutriets are limited
7. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Crohns or appendicitis
8. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
what envelope contains
Borrelia recurrentis
specialized flagella
plasmid - definition
9. What kind of genome does HIV have
S. aureus
Treponema - primary syphillis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Dipoid RNA
10. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
mycology
acid- fast organism - definition
bacteria domain
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
11. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Pets - treat with topical azoles
polyhedral shape - defintion
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
12. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
E. coli
viruses
Anti - HAVAb IgM
13. Non - enveloped virus usually lyses the host cell; enveloped virus takes portion of host cell membrane as envelope which may or may not result in cell lysis
release (AV)
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
14. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
endospores - definition
acid- fast - color
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
15. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Clonorchis sinensis
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
16. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Transformation or competence
Genetic shift - pandemic
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Mumps virus - mumps
17. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Yersinia enterocolitica
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
18. What feature is unique to shigella
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Protein A - S. aureus
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
19. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Pneumocystis jerovici
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Cigar shaped yeast
20. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
21. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
osmotic lysis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
chromosomes in nucleus are...
22. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
chemical synthesis...
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
protozoan infections (5)
23. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
spontaneous generation
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
endospores are formed via
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
24. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
H. flu
Gambiense - rhodesiense
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Antigen in vaccines
25. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
C. perfringens
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
26. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Clonorchis sinensis
assembly (AV)
icosahedron
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
27. What C. diptheria grows on...
Tellurite agar
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
mycoplasma (5) - description
C. botulinum
28. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Between 2 and 18 months
biogenesis
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
29. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Lepromatous
30. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
31. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Antigen in urine
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
32. When is H flu vaccine give
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Gardnerella vaginalis
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Between 2 and 18 months
33. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Bacillus anthracis
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
arrangements - diplo
hyperthermophiles
34. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Owl's eye inculsions
Mononuclear cells
Pasteurella multocida
Bordetella pertussis
35. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
36. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Actinomyces
nucleus
37. Structure unique to some bacteria
capsid is composed of...
Borrelia recurrentis
virology
endospores
38. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
three domains of microorganisms
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Toxoplasmosis
M. kansasii
39. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
HEV
Measles rubeola - measles
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
40. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Clostridium tetani
41. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Klebsiella
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
production of beer and wine
42. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
gram- positive stain - explanation
endospores are formed via
Actinomyces israeli
43. Related to a fungus
myc/myo means
Actinomyces israeli
HHV 6 - roseola
Chronic disease - positive during window period
44. What happens in tertiary syphillis
S. aureus
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
45. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Gambiense - rhodesiense
malaria prevention
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
46. What is the resevoir of salmonella
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
47. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Ancylostoma - necator
Azithromycin
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
48. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Elevated CRP and ESR
chemical synthesis...
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
49. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
replication (B)
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
50. How is legionella transmitted
viral shapes
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Aerosal - from environmental water source