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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Robert Hooke
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
ASO titer
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
2. What does salmonella typhi cause
chromosome - description
capsid - definition
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
3. Postviral PNA
Cell Theory
bacteriophage - definition
Staph or H. flu
flagella - function
4. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
eukaryotic organelles (5)
S. epidermidis
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
5. Apiration PNA - orgs
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Protein A - S. aureus
Anaerobes
6. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
they are eukaryotes
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
7. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Severe pneumonia
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
8. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
archaea domain
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Campylocobacter jejuni
9. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Brucella sp
nucleic acid
food thickeners
10. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
they are eukaryotes
11. Where do CMV cells remain latent
rickettsia
Transformation or competence
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Mononuclear cells
12. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Toxoplasmosis
Double zone of hemolysis
13. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
replication (AV)
Acid fast organisms
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Pseudomonas
14. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Croup - seal like barking cough
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
3 groups in archaea
HCV
15. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
All of them
gram- positive stain - explanation
Serratia
16. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Meningococci
17. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
HIV - malnutrition - death
18. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
R. prowazekii
19. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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20. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
penetration (B)
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
importance of microorganisms
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
21. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
HIV - malnutrition - death
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
22. Dimorphic/biphasic
8 - orthomyoxovirus
what many pathogenic fungi are
Enterobacter cloacae
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
23. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Bordetella pertussis
icosahedron
golgi complex - function
24. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Crohns or appendicitis
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
E. coli 0157:H7
25. What are PE signs of PID
Klebsiella pneumo
staining of bacteria
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
26. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
archaea domain
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Surfers in the tropics
plasmolysis
27. What is the treatment for syphillis
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
H flu type B
Pen
28. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
pili - function
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Only borrelia
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
29. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Treponema
fungi kingdom
malaria prevention
peptidoglycan - definition
30. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Surfers in the tropics
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
31. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
flagella - function
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
32. What organisms stain with Ziehl - Neelson
Acid fast organisms
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Koch's Postulates 1
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
33. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
double- stranded DNA
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Plasmodium
34. What virulence factor binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization and phagocytosis and what bug has it
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Protein A - S. aureus
E. Coli
35. All living things are composed of cells
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Cell Theory
36. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Only borrelia
3 groups in archaea
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Rickettsia rickettsii
bacteriophage - definition
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
38. Which are the naked viruses
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
39. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
Toxplasmosis
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Protein A - S. aureus
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
40. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
No envelope
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Epiglottitis H flu type B
41. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
flagella - function
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
42. What is the nl flora of the vagina
arrangements of bacteria
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
43. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Epiglottitis H flu type B
facultative
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
44. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
differential staining example
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Francesco Redi - experiment
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
46. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Immediately upon exposure
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
47. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Yes
chloroplasts - function
Pasteurella multocida
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
48. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
No envelope
Rose gardner's
Pseudomonas
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
49. Which males have UTIs
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Virbrio cholera
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
50. Will show the difference between two things
Pseudomonas
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Clostridium tetani
differential staining of bacteria