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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
acid- fast - color
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
penetration (AV)
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
2. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
flagella - function
HSV-2 - genital herpes
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
3. When do gram pos rods form spores
When nutriets are limited
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
HIV - sexual
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
4. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
Cryptococcus neoformans
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Metabolic activity without division
5. Who typically gets sporothrix
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6. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
Metabolic activity without division
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
7. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Mycoplasma - have sterols
Epiglottitis H flu type B
cell membrane - function
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
8. What are the lab findings for cholera
Protein A - S. aureus
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
9. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Measles
Mycoplasma
10. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
IgG Anti - HBcAg
C. diptheriae
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
11. Purple
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
cell membrane - definition
gram- positive stain - color
12. What is the TX for sporthrix
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
All except coxiella are via arthropod
13. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
golgi complex - function
Koch's Postulates 2
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
14. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
trichomoniasis...
Pneumocystis jerovici
Reoviridae - rotavirus
15. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Parvo - single stranded
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
nucleic acid
16. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
PHV
17. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
animal kingdom
Francesco Redi
18. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
H. pylori
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
C. diptheriae
19. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
cytoplasm - definition
spontaneous generation
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Gambiense - rhodesiense
20. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Louis Pasteur
Brucella sp
Between 2 and 18 months
M. avium intracellulare
21. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
22. What does catalase do
viruses
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
23. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Muramic acid
fimbriae - function
No envelope
24. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Lower lobe
25. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
Children
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Koch's Postulates 4
Measles rubeola - measles
26. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Pasteurella multocida
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
27. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
Bacteria - STD
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
arrangements of bacteria
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
28. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Staph or H. flu
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
microaerophilic
29. What does salmonella typhi cause
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
differential staining example
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
30. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
PCR/Viral load
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
yeast
31. Pairs
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
arrangements - diplo
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
fungal infection examples (3)
32. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
taxonomic hierarchy
specific
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
33. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
100 micrometers
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Streptococcus mutans
34. How is legionella detected clinically
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
N. gono causing gono
Antigen in urine
Pseudomonas
35. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Cryptosporidium
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
36. What is the TX for chlamydia
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Azithromycin
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
release (B)
37. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Sexual activity - but not an STI
genus
38. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
chromosome - function
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
39. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
replication (B)
Candida
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
40. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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41. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
John Needham
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
42. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
cell membrane - definition
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
43. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
DNA hepadnavirus
chlamydia
44. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Pseudomonas
Candida
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
45. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Robert Hooke
Koch's Postulates 3
HAV - RNA picornavirus
46. What is the triad of HUS
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Salpingitis
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Staph or enteric GNR
47. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
peptidoglycan - definition
48. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Clostridium perfringens
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
49. Which bacteria have no cell wall
H flu
helical shape - definition
Mycoplasma - have sterols
arrangements - diplo
50. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
Echinococcus granulosus
flagella - function
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver