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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Clostridia
Mumps virus - mumps
No envelope
2. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Staph saprophyticus
cytoplasm - definition
Viridans group streptococci
structures of prokaryotic cell
3. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
what many pathogenic fungi are
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
4. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Pseudomonas
Aseptic meningitis
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
8 - orthomyoxovirus
5. What is pontiac fever
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Ancylostoma - necator
species
Clindamycin or ampicillin
6. atypical PNA
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Genetic shift - pandemic
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
flagella - description
7. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Pregnant women
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
8. portal HTN - parasite
M. kansasii
Schistosoma mansori
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Strep bovis - also group D
9. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
spiral
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Children
10. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
R. typhi
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
11. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Croup - seal like barking cough
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
12. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
protozoa (3)
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
arrangements of bacteria
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
13. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
C. botulinum
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Neuraminidase
14. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Protein A - S. aureus
60%; viruses
arrangements - staphylo
15. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Weil Felix test
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
16. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
C. diptheriae
PHV
17. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
production of beer and wine
cytoplasm - definition
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
18. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Clonorchis sinensis
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
19. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Starts quickly and ends quickly
S. aureus
20. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
Influenza virus
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Pseudomonas
bacillus
21. What are the 3 structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Malignant otitis externa
Starts quickly and ends quickly
22. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Group B strep
chlamydia
23. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Fungi
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
24. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Cmv
Klebsiella pneumo
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
25. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Food - fingers - feces - flies
26. What are the symptoms of mumps
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
staining of bacteria
spiral - spirochete
flaccid paralysis
27. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
28. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
fungi
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
29. Circular and haploid - only one per cell - no nucleus
cytoplasm - definition
chromosome - description
eukaryotic organelles - definition
biogenesis
30. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Saucer shaped yeast forms
assembly (B)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
31. 48 hr cyclic fever - HA - splenomegaly - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
replication (B)
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
hypotonic solution
32. All living things are composed of cells
Cell Theory
glycocalyx - function
arrangements - strepto...
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
33. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
pili - function
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
34. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
methanogens
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
35. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Diphyllobothrium latum
trichomoniasis...
36. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
interferon
mitochondria - function
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
37. yeast infection
candidiasis
Rickettsia rickettsii
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
38. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
adsorption (B)
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
39. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
commercial applications
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
40. 1 - 10 micrometers
trichomoniasis symptoms
prokaryotes
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
41. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
C. diff
C. perfringens
Viral gastroenteritis
42. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
basic shapes of bacteria
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Cmv
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
43. Study of fungi
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
mycology
mycolic acid - definition
histoplasmosis
44. Mycotoxin
Trigeminal ganglia
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
pili - function
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
45. Problem with food preservation - canning
histoplasmosis
spiral - spirochete
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
botulism
46. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
CMV retinitis
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
importance of microorganisms
47. What is legionnaires disease
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
mycoplasma (5) - description
Severe pneumonia
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
48. What kind of temperatures do m. leprae like - What tissues do they infect - and What is the resevoir in the US
peptidoglycan - definition
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
prokaryotes
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
49. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Influenza virus
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
ribosomes - function
smooth ER
50. chronic granulomatous disease
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies