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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Serratia marcescens
smooth ER
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)

2. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
amoebic dynsentry
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
Protozoan - STD
Cholesterol

3. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Echinococcus granulosus
Nocardia asteroides
protozoology

4. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
rough ER
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Actinomyces

5. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Recombination

6. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
special staining of bacteria
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

7. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Gardnerella vaginalis
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
replication (AV)

8. Some algae
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Candida albicans
plant kingdom
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

9. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
D- K
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

10. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
dormant
Salmonella
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

11. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
C. perfringens
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Heat labile toxin
Endosymbiotic Theory

12. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
gas gangrene
Pseudomonas
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

13. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
Lactose fermenting enterics
Nematode in undercooked meat
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
algae characteristics (3)

14. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Klebsiella
Brucella sp
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

15. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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16. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
rough ER
Louis Pasteur - experiment
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
endocytosis...

17. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -

18. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Salmonella
spontaneous generation example
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
IVDU

19. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Lower lobe
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

20. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Salmonella typhi
Bacillus anthracis
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

21. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
VZV - chickenpox
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Killed viral vaccine
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent

22. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Koch's Postulates 2
Salpingitis
gram- positive stain - explanation
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)

23. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Bartonella sp
Schistosoma haematobium
release (B)

24. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Pox - complex
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

25. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Yersinia enterocolitica
actinomycetes (3) - description

26. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
eukaryotes
aerobic
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
cell wall - function

27. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Rapid cell division
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

28. surgical wound
chromosomes in nucleus are...
S. aureus
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
malaria prevention

29. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
cilia - function
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

30. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Plasmodium
Brucella sp
endospores - definition
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor

31. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Klebsiella
HHV-6 roseola
R. typhi
Candida albicans

32. What associations go with listeria monocytogenes
eukaryotes
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Clonorchis sinensis
giardia

33. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Neuraminidase

34. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
protozoology
Parvo - single stranded
cell wall - function

35. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Owl's eye inculsions
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
10%; viral
Starts quickly and ends quickly

36. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Motility - protein
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block

37. What protozoa can cause watery diarrhea
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
C. diff
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold

38. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Viridans group streptococci
Actinomyces isreallii
Common cold and SARS
C. diff

39. Grow in very hot conditions
Actinomyces
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
hyperthermophiles

40. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Salmonella
S. aureus

41. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Gonococci
specialized flagella
bacteria domain
Group B strep - E. coli

42. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA

43. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

44. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
gram- negative stain - explanation
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
single- stranded RNA

45. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
bacillus
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
S. aureus

46. Present- day example of endosymbiosis; live inside an eukaryotic protist
Cyanophora paradoxa
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Metronidazole
Clindamycin or ampicillin

47. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
chloroplasts - function
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock

48. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
hyperthermophiles
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
<30 - military - prisons

49. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Gallbladder
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Toxo crosses the placenta
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this

50. Simple - special - and differential
adsorption (AV)
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
staining of bacteria