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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Starts quickly and ends quickly
2. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
food thickeners
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
3. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
adsorption (AV)
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
4. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
L1 - L2 - L3
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
5. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
cytoplasm - definition
Yes
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
6. When is the AIDS dx made
HSV-2 - genital herpes
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
actinomycetes (3) - description
Antigen in vaccines
7. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Virbrio cholera
Muramic acid
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
8. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
species
HCV
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Rubella - respiratory droplets
9. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Staph or H. flu
Teichoic acid
chlamydia
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
10. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Type B protease IgA
Paragonimus westermani
Robert Koch
HIV - malnutrition - death
11. B12 def - parasite
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Diphyllobothrium latum
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
12. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
replication (AV)
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
gram- positive cell wall
fungi
13. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
mycology
chlamydia
14. bloody diarrhea - reddish brown liver abcess - RUQ pain - flask shaped ulcer; dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
15. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
arrangements of bacteria
Sexual activity - but not an STI
16. What organisms stain with PAS
17. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Sacral ganglia
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
production of beer and wine
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
18. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Capsid protein
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
19. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
HHV-8 - KS
20. What does group B strep cause
C. diptheriae
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
21. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
C. botulinum
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Rubella
Weil Felix test
22. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Robert Hooke
microbiology
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
CMV - RSV
23. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Mycobacterium
Silver stain
Anti - HBsAb
24. HaemoPhilus causes....
Salmonella typhi
endospores are resistant to (4)
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
25. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Haematobium - bladder
cilia
Koch's Postulates 2
26. varicella - lots of spots
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
27. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
28. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
oral yeast infections =
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
29. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
facultative
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
30. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever
31. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
32. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
histoplasmosis
S. aureus
Spikes
Serratia
33. Where do RNA viruses replicate
cilia - function
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
JC virus causing PML
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
34. what bug grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Legionella
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
35. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
bacteriology
facultative
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
36. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Schistosoma haematobium
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Rickettsia rickettsii
Pets - treat with topical azoles
37. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Tellurite agar
red algae make
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
38. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
methanogens
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
39. What is the organism and histological findings for ehrliciosis
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
40. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
E. coli
food industry
Syphillis - sexual contact
41. Protein synthesis
ribosomes - function
Cmv
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
42. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Guillain barre
ribosomes - function
Treponema - primary syphillis
43. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
production of beer and wine
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Transformation or competence
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
44. Rodent viruses (not very common)
polyhedral shape - defintion
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Vulvuvaginitis
single- stranded DNA
45. Thrush
penetration (B)
Measles rubeola - measles
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
oral yeast infections =
46. What organisms are encapsulated
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Fungi
47. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
gram- negative stain - explanation
Actinomyces and nocardia
Aseptic meningitis
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
48. What is the nl flora in the oropharynx
Neisseria
Recombination
CMV
Viridans group streptococci
49. What are the gram pos bacilli
red tide
Pseudomonas
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
50. Histoplasmosis
single- stranded DNA
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli