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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are agryll roberston pupils
S. aureus
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Rubella german measles
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

2. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
special staining of bacteria
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Owl's eye inculsions

3. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
Children
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

4. pediatric infxn
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
H flu
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

5. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

6. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Klebsiella pneumo
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Pen

7. ____ do no treat viral infections
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
antibiotics

8. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Beta hemolytic
Mycobacterium
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn

9. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
Borrelia burgdorferi
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

10. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Plasmodium
Klebsiella granulomatis
fungi

11. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Rubella
N. gono causing gono

12. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen

13. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Salpingitis
Bacteria - STD
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain

14. 37 celsius
food industry
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

15. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
germination
how many degrees celsius for mold?
microaerophilic
spiral - spirochete

16. Sepis/meningitis in newborn
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Group B strep
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

17. painful penile - vulvar cervical vesicles and uclers - can cause systemic symptoms such as fever - HA - myalgia - org and dz
replication for prokaryotes
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Common cold and SARS

18. Spherical
antibiotics
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
C. diptheriae
coccus

19. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Elementary body
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
John Needham - experiment

20. Sick cell trait
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
arrangements - staphylo
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

21. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Killed viral vaccine
spontaneous generation
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

22. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Sterility
importance of microorganisms
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function

23. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
capsid - function
Dark field microscopy

24. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
trichomoniasis...
Clostridium perfringens

25. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
rickettsia
spontaneous generation example
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity

26. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
lipids (fats) =
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
chromosome - description
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation

27. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Gallbladder
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe

28. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Metronidazole
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

29. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
oral yeast infections =

30. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
three domains of microorganisms
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

31. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Strep bovis - also group D
candidiasis

32. What is the nl flora in the oropharynx
Viridans group streptococci
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Antigen associated with core of HBV
EBV

33. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
rickettsia
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

34. Help bacteria to attach to one another
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
pili - function

35. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
taxonomic hierarchy
lysozyme
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Legionella

36. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
chromosome - function
Treponema
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator

37. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
five fields of microbiology
flagella - description
Campylobacter
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

38. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
what peptidoglycan is composed of
anaerobic
Trigeminal ganglia

39. tissue nematode causing hyperpigmented skin and river blindess - allergic reaction to microfiliria - org - transmission - tx
HHV 6 - roseola
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
E. coli
germination

40. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
S. aureus
R. typhi

41. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
chromosome - function
capsid - definition

42. What are VRE and What do they cause
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Rubella
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

43. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Klebsiella pneumo
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Cell Theory
Acid fast organisms

44. Study of viruses
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
virology
HHV-6 roseola

45. When should prophylactic vaccination of rabies vaccination occur
Immediately upon exposure
Metabolic activity without division
Group B strep - E. coli
rickettsia

46. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
myc/myo means
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant

47. rubella - lots of spots
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
R. typhi
HHV 6 - roseola

48. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Dipoid RNA
E. coli - proteus
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

49. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Double zone of hemolysis
lysis
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

50. What bugs are the facultative intracellular
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
anaerobic
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
golgi complex - function