Test your basic knowledge |

Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
algology

2. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
spontaneous generation example
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

3. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
Pseudomonas
hyperthermophiles
arrangements of bacteria
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever

4. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
60%; viruses
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
gram- positive cell wall

5. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
facultative
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

6. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
C. perfringens
release (B)
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Yersinia pestis

7. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
EBV
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes

8. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
animal kingdom
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

9. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Legionella

10. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
adsorption (B)
halophiles
Staph or enteric GNR
10 to 12

11. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
amoebic dynsentry
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Paramyxovirus; measles
H flu type B

12. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
hypotonic solution
Malignant otitis externa
specific
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)

13. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
protozoology
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Clonorchis sinensis
Parvo - single stranded

14. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Teichoic acid
endospores are formed via
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

15. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Antigen in urine
No - erythromycin

16. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Mycobacterium

17. What does catalase do
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Mycobacterium
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase

18. What is the pathophys of mucor
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Histoplasmosis
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

19. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
protozoan infections (5)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Robert Hooke
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

20. What surface protein do all paramyxoviruses contain and What does it cause
S. aureus
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

21. Some algae
Robert Hooke
plant kingdom
Yersinia enterocolitica
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic

22. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Protein A - S. aureus
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis

23. Where do CMV cells remain latent
they are eukaryotes
Mononuclear cells
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Double zone of hemolysis

24. Purple
gram- positive stain - color
Serratia
Actinomyces israeli
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

25. What is the nl flora on the skin
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
S. epidermidis
Bartonella henselae
Protein A - S. aureus

26. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Strep bovis - also group D
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

27. rubella - lots of spots
Cyanophora paradoxa
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Dark field microscopy

28. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

29. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Rubella - respiratory droplets
monera kingdom
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Antigen in vaccines

30. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
IVDU
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
endospores are resistant to (4)

31. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
histoplasmosis
Actic polymerization
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

32. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
E. coli 0157:H7
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
microbiology
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

33. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Yersinia enterocolitica

34. What does listeria infection cause
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Immediately upon exposure
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
cell membrane - definition

35. How is atypical rickettsiae transmitted
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
spiral - spirillum
Double zone of hemolysis

36. Prevents contraction of muscles
Pasteurella multocida
HHV-8 - KS
flaccid paralysis
red tide

37. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
how do viruses take over a host cell?
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
facultative
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

38. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Influenza virus
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Group B strep - E. coli

39. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Only borrelia
Bartonella henselae
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

40. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
viral shapes
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

41. What is the treatment for syphillis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Pen

42. Allgin and carrageenan
food thickeners
M. kansasii
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox

43. liver cysts - parasite
Echinococcus granulosus
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
envelope - definition
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

44. Where does group B strep colonize
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Vagina
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive

45. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Syphillis - sexual contact

46. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Strep bovis - also group D
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Candida albicans
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

47. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
hypertonic solution
single- stranded DNA

48. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
hypotonic solution
Enterobius

49. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Syphillis - sexual contact
Clostridium tetani
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

50. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Weil Felix test
Cmv
Syphillis - sexual contact
CMV - RSV