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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Rubella german measles
10 to 12
Saucer shaped yeast forms
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
2. PNA in elderly
nucleus
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Killed viral vaccine
3. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Cryptosporidium
gram- positive stain - explanation
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
4. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Lymph nodes
IVDU
When nutriets are limited
5. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Actinomyces
6. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
100 micrometers
Pasteurella multocida
7. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
cell membrane - function
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
endospores - definition
Only borrelia
8. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Palivizumab
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
9. Study of algae
algology
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
HIV - sexual
10. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Virbrio cholera
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
11. What bug grows on chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
E. coli - proteus
genus
protozoology
H. flu
12. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
HCV
No cell wall
Gonococci
13. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
differential staining example
Mycoplasma
Fusion and entry
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
14. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
ABC
Bacteria - STD
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
microbiology
15. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Pen
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
lipids (fats) =
16. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
Parvo - single stranded
chlamydia
Transformation or competence
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
17. Describe the rabies virus
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
specialized flagella
microaerophilic
18. Helical - polyhedral - complex
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
viral shapes
Vagina
19. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
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20. What does papillomovirus cause
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Pox - complex
Azithromycin
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
21. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
eukaryotes
gram- positive cell wall
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Gallbladder
22. painless chancre - org and dz
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Owl's eye inculsions
interferon
Treponema - primary syphillis
23. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
amoebic dynsentry
endospores - definition
gram- positive cell wall
protozoology
24. Chemical synthesis and food industry
commercial applications
polyhedral shape - defintion
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Louis Pasteur
25. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
anaerobic
microbiology
yeast
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
26. atypical PNA
peptidoglycan - definition
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
27. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
gram- negative cell wall
28. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Lower lobe
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
HDV
cell wall - function
29. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Group B strep - E. coli
30. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
histoplasmosis
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
virus example
31. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
release (AV)
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
32. burns or air
Pseudomonas
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Dipicolinic acid
B. cereus
33. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
fungal infection examples (3)
Endosymbiotic Theory
John Needham
Motility - protein
34. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
C. perfringens
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
hypertonic solution
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
35. ___ percent of infected illnesses are caused by ___
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
60%; viruses
Doxycycline
gram- positive cell wall
36. When is the AIDS dx made
gram- negative stain - color
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Cholesterol
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
37. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Candida albicans
38. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Pseudomonas
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
39. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
HDV
IVDU
40. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Paracoccidioidomycosis
HIV - sexual
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
41. bilateral bells palsy
Prompt oral rehydration
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Borrelia burgdorferi
42. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever
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43. What happens in secondary syphillis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
replication for prokaryotes
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
44. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
<30 - military - prisons
protozoan infections (5)
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
45. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Killed viral vaccine
capsid is composed of...
R. typhi
46. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
John Needham
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
47. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Paramyxovirus; measles
Bacterial superinfection
Mycobacterium
Dark field microscopy
48. What is the course of illness with food poisoning from S. aurues and B. cereus
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
hyperthermophiles
Rickettsia rickettsii
49. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
histoplasmosis
Silver stain
50. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
eukaryotes
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