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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
EBV
gram- negative cell wall
Saucer shaped yeast forms
2. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
Yeast - protazoan
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
3. Pasteur's swan - shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
plant kingdom
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Theory of Biogenesis
4. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
cilia - function
Enterobacter cloacae
chromosome - function
Group B strep - E. coli
5. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
John Needham - experiment
virology
gram- negative stain - color
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
6. PNA in CF
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Pseudomonas
Pneumocystis jerovici
giardia
7. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Pseudomonas
Rapid cell division
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
8. Dimorphic/biphasic
Between 2 and 18 months
Recombination
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
what many pathogenic fungi are
9. What acid is in the spore core
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
No - erythromycin
Sterility
Dipicolinic acid
10. Study of bacteria
Bordetella pertussis
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Clostridium perfringens
bacteriology
11. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
rickettsia
Dark field microscopy
Cholesterol
adsorption (AV)
12. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host
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13. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
M. avium intracellulare
Pseudomonas
14. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
basic shapes of bacteria
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Spikes
No cell wall
15. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Children
mycolic acid - definition
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
16. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
chlamydia
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
17. Requires absence of oxygen
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
anaerobic
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
All except coxiella are via arthropod
18. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
osmotic lysis
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
chloroplasts - function
19. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Pasteurella multocida
20. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
E. Coli
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Brucella sp
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
21. What are the killed viral vaccines
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
lysozyme
22. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Streptococcus - staphylococus
23. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
food thickeners
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
24. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Koch's Postulates 3
Does not ferment sorbitol
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
25. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
yeast
differential staining example
26. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
prokaryotes
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
plant kingdom
27. Describe the rabies virus
Endosymbiotic Theory
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Croup - seal like barking cough
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
28. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Double zone of hemolysis
spiral - spirochete
Pseudomonas
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
29. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
HEV
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Dark field microscopy
ASO titer
30. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Malignant otitis externa
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Meningococci
31. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
ABC
Tellurite agar
Clonorchis sinensis
32. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Superantigen
33. When 1 of 2 viruses that infects the cell has a mutation that results in nonfxnal protein - What is called when the nonmutated makes a fxnal protein that serves both viruses
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Streptococcus mutans
34. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Mycobacterium
Staph or H. flu
35. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Protein A - S. aureus
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Endosymbiotic Theory
36. Mild respiratory infection
double- stranded RNA
Lepromatous
pseudopodia
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
37. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Doxycycline
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Yes
38. Study of protozoans
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
HIV - sexual
virology
protozoology
39. What causes typhoid fever - tricky Ts
Genetic shift - pandemic
production of beer and wine
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Salmonella typhi
40. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
flagella
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
Nematode in undercooked meat
41. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
eukarya domain
protozoa (3)
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
H. flu
42. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
43. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
44. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
45. PNA in CF - burn
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Pseudomonas
protozoan infections (5)
Measles rubeola - measles
46. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Neuraminidase
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Rickettsia rickettsii
47. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
gram- negative stain - color
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
48. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Staph saprophyticus
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
49. B12 def - parasite
Metronidazole
Legionella
Diphyllobothrium latum
H. pylori
50. What species of trypanosoma other than bruceii cause african sleeping sickness
molds
Gambiense - rhodesiense
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Clonorchis sinensis
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