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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
lipids (fats) =
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

2. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the stationary phase
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Protein A - S. aureus
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

3. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
gram- positive stain - explanation
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
botulism

4. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
CMV retinitis
HIV - AIDS
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
hypotonic solution

5. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Robert Hooke
antibiotics

6. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
chlamydia
HIV - AIDS
Mice - deer
L1 - L2 - L3

7. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Superantigen
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
IgG Anti - HBcAg

8. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
eukaryotes
five kingdoms of microorganisms
viruses

9. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
spontaneous generation
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
plasmid - function
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

10. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
C. diptheriae
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

11. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
M. pneumoniae
gram- negative stain - explanation
Oral and esophageal thrush

12. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
Palivizumab
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
HSV-2 - genital herpes
specialized flagella

13. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Metronidazole
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Bartonella henselae

14. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
spontaneous generation
three domains of microorganisms
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Metronidazole

15. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation

16. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
eukarya domain
Endosymbiotic Theory
Parvoviridae
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

17. 37 celsius
Attachment to host T cell
uncoating (AV)
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

18. meningitis in >60
M. tuberculosis
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Lazzaro Spallanzani

19. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Prompt oral rehydration
Pneumocystis jerovici
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Enterobacter cloacae

20. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Heat labile toxin
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec

21. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Cryptococcus neoformans
what envelope contains
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen

22. surgical wound
endospores are resistant to (4)
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
S. aureus

23. What is pontiac fever
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
cell membrane - definition
eukaryotic organelles - definition

24. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
ribosomes - function

25. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
cytoplasm - definition
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

26. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
golgi complex - function
Nematode in undercooked meat
No cell wall
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

27. What is in pneumovax
algae characteristics (3)
B. cereus
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg

28. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Metronidazole
cell wall - function
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
All of them

29. Who typically gets sporothrix

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30. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
peptidoglycan - definition
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

31. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
what envelope contains
what peptidoglycan is composed of
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis

32. Study of algae
algology
S. aureus
protozoa (3)
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

33. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
bacteriophage - definition
N. gono causing gono
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease

34. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
gas gangrene
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

35. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

36. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Rose gardner's
S. aureus
Common cold and SARS
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

37. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
replication (AV)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Pasteurella multocida
Yeast - protazoan

38. HaemoPhilus causes....
60%; viruses
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

39. What does aspergillus cause

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40. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
gram stain - definition
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
specific
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent

41. Where doe HSV1 cells remain latent
Treponema
cytoplasm - definition
Type B protease IgA
Trigeminal ganglia

42. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Nocardia asteroides
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

43. What happens in tertiary syphillis
ASO titer
H. flu
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
histoplasmosis

44. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV

45. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
DNA hepadnavirus
IVDU
Treponema - tertiary syphillis

46. roseola - lots of spots
microbiology
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults

47. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
nucleic acid
Pasteurella multocida
Tetracycline or erythromycin
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

48. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Beta hemolytic
bacteria domain
Hemagluttin
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

49. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Lower lobe
mitochondria - function
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

50. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
genus
Mycoplasma
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia