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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
Salmonella
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Chlamydia trachomatis

2. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
10 to 12
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
chromosome - description

3. What is the pathophys of mucor
Candida and aspergillus
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
facultative
histoplasmosis

4. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission

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5. What are the 4 phases of HIV
fimbriae - function
plasmid - function
Pseudomonas
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

6. encephalopathy in HIV pos pt due to reactivation of latent virus resulting in demyelination
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
JC virus causing PML
rough ER

7. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Weil Felix test
food industry
HEV

8. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Entamoeba histolytica
Palivizumab
Louis Pasteur

9. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Robert Koch
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

10. What does salmonella typhi cause
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

11. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
biogenesis
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Bacillus anthracis

12. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
chromosomes in nucleus are...
envelope is composed of...
Azithromycin
Ring enhancing brain lesions

13. PNA in CF - burn
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Pseudomonas
algology
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

14. What are the killed viral vaccines
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

15. Protein synthesis
E. coli 0157:H7
HIV - sexual
ribosomes - function
oxygen requirements of bacteria

16. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
myc/myo means
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria

17. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
mycoplasma (5) - description
how wine is spoiled
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

18. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
Acute/recent infection
Toxo crosses the placenta
L1 - L2 - L3
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response

19. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
3 groups in archaea
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
actinomycetes (3) - description
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel

20. What is the main complication of mumps
B cells
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
HBC - hepatitis B
Sterility

21. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Attachment to host T cell
Nocardia asteroides
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture

22. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Strep pneumo and viridans
Proteus mirabilis
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
John Needham

23. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
cytoplasm - definition
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
M. kansasii
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells

24. What kind of flora do neonates born by c section have
release (AV)
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
protozoan infections (5)
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth

25. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
complex virus example
Pseudomonas
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
importance of microorganisms

26. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Strep bovis - also group D
C. perfringens
John Needham

27. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
Negative
nucleus
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

28. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
bacteria domain
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum

29. What OI/diseease occurs in the lungs of AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Mice - deer
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Pseudomonas

30. Squamous cell carcinoma in anus of MSM or cervix of females of HIV pso pt
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
rickettsia
PHV
virology

31. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Oral and esophageal thrush
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo

32. Comma- shaped
Azithromycin
HDV
Vulvuvaginitis
spiral - vibrio

33. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Avain resevoir
Saucer shaped yeast forms
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
malaria

34. roseola - lots of spots
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

35. What are prion disease caused by
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Haematobium - bladder
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

36. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Francesco Redi - experiment
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

37. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
hyperthermophiles
protista kingdom
Bat - racoon - skunk
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP

38. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
penetration (AV)
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Cholesterol
Doxycycline

39. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
anaerobic
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Heat labile toxin
flagella - function

40. Death of tissue
necrosis
chlamydia
Immediately upon exposure
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

41. What does coronavirus do
Metabolic activity without division
Common cold and SARS
Pseudomonas
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

42. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
dormant
C. diptheriae
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

43. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
capsid - function
Transformation or competence
Candida and aspergillus
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

44. What animals carry rabies virus
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Bat - racoon - skunk

45. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
lysis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

46. What acid is in the spore core
flagella - function
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
basic shapes of bacteria
Dipicolinic acid

47. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is comma or S shaped and grows at 42C
Campylobacter
Neuraminidase
endospores - definition
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

48. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
complex virus example
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Parvoviridae
Koch's Postulates 1

49. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Motility - protein
fermentation - definition
Teichoic acid

50. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
DNA hepadnavirus
S. aureus
Acute/recent infection
Cholesterol