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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
ABC
Hemagluttin
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
2. What viruses make up the arena virus family
halophiles
cilia - function
Pseudomonas
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
3. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
4. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Anti - HBsAb
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Staph saprophyticus
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
5. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
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6. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Only borrelia
7. What are the three forms of prion diesase
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Treponema
8. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Children
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Doxycycline
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
9. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
C. perfringens
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Owl's eye inculsions
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
10. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Brucella sp
11. In who does HEV have high mortality
Pregnant women
Rabies
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
infection process of animal viruses (6)
12. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
CMV retinitis
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Doxycycline
3 groups in archaea
13. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Rickettsia rickettsii
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
14. What does gonococi cause
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Klebsiella pneumo
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
15. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Doxycycline
golgi complex - function
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
eukaryotic organelles - definition
16. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
17. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
adsorption (B)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
18. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Cholesterol
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
osmotic lysis
Parvoviridae
19. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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20. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
microbiology
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
malaria symptoms
21. What is the organism for endemic typhus (human body louse)
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
R. prowazekii
R. typhi
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
22. fungal infection in diabetic
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
CMV retinitis
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Mucor or rhizopus
23. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
species
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Gallbladder
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
24. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
protozoa (3)
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
acid- fast - color
25. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Mycoplasma
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
26. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Malignant otitis externa
27. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
hypertonic solution
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
ribosomes - function
Entertoxigenic E. coli
28. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
29. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Clindamycin or ampicillin
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
30. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
spiral - vibrio
Genetic drift - epidemic
31. What kind of genome does HIV have
Coagulation cascade - DIC
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Dipoid RNA
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
32. What are the lab findings for cholera
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
mitochondria - function
Actinomyces israeli
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
33. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
34. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
biogenesis
Clostridia
Klebsiella
35. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Fungi
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
36. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
37. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Klebsiella
helical shape - definition
38. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Hemagluttin
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
what many pathogenic fungi are
39. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Koch's Postulates 3
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
40. Where do EBV cells remain latent
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
B cells
E. coli 0157:H7
Yersinia pestis
41. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
Syphillis - sexual contact
Theory of Biogenesis
John Needham - experiment
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
42. asplenic pt
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
43. How do you treat lyme disease
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
protozoology
double- stranded DNA
44. What is endotoxin
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Rapid cell division
45. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Bartonella henselae
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Common cold and SARS
46. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
flagella
Does not ferment sorbitol
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Pasteurella multocida
47. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
48. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
flagella - function
humans do not have
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
lysozyme
49. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Vagina
malaria prevention
glycocalyx - function
50. Osteomyelitis in sexually active people can be from
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Lactose fermenting enterics
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
differential staining of bacteria