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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
Strep bovis - also group D
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Pasteurella multocida
Rabies

2. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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3. Bacillus (aerobic) and clostridium (anaerobic); both are soil organisms (can survive lack of water)
Reassortment
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
bacteriology
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV

4. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact

5. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
C. perfringens
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells

6. Which are the herpesviruses
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
osmotic lysis
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

7. currant jelly sputum
Does not ferment sorbitol
Klebsiella
Parvo - single stranded
oral yeast infections =

8. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
flagella - description
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Severe bacteremia - death
Spikes

9. Svedberg units
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
S. aureus
algae characteristics (3)
S - definition

10. What is the nl flora on the skin
Oral and esophageal thrush
S. epidermidis
food thickeners
nucleus

11. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
halophiles
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Envelope proteins

12. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Malignant otitis externa
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Clindamycin or ampicillin
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women

13. What does HBsAg indicate
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

14. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Clonorchis sinensis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

15. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
8 - orthomyoxovirus

16. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
HHV 6 - roseola
methanogens
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

17. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Severe pneumonia
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
gas gangrene
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

18. What does adenovirus cause
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
halophiles

19. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
red algae make
Rubella german measles
Lymph nodes

20. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
red tide

21. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy

22. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
oral yeast infections =
mycoplasma (5) - description

23. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
trichomoniasis...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

24. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
flagella - description
Treponema palladium - painless chancre

25. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
assembly (B)
Malignant otitis externa
IVDU

26. What does meningococci cause
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
spontaneous generation
eukaryotic organelles - definition

27. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
cytoplasm - definition
Salmonella typhi
Bat - racoon - skunk

28. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Candida and aspergillus
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
halophiles

29. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
rough ER
Measles rubeola - measles
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

30. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

31. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Clostridium botulinum
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
cilia

32. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Anaerobes
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
HBC - hepatitis B
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

33. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Fungi
Staph or H. flu
Plasmodium
amoebic dynsentry

34. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Transformation or competence
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
arrangements - staphylo

35. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
trichomoniasis...
HBV
taxonomic hierarchy

36. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Robert Hooke

37. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
plasmolysis
Resistant
S - definition
mycolic acid - definition

38. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
germination
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Children

39. What stain shows legionella
Pseudomonas
Silver stain
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
3 groups in archaea

40. What is the TX for chlamydia
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Azithromycin
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1

41. What organism secretes streptolysin O and What is it used for
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
antibiotics

42. pus - empyema - abcess
S. aureus
Pox - complex
rough ER
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation

43. What are the symptoms of mumps
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
S - definition
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

44. taenia solium - tricky Ts
fimbriae - function
aerobic
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

45. atypical PNA
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
double- stranded DNA
Borrelia burgdorferi
Measles

46. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
Louis Pasteur
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact

47. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
simple staining of bacteria
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue

48. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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49. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Koch's Postulates 4
Influenza virus
endospores - definition

50. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Yersinia enterocolitica
Candida
replication (AV)
R. prowazekii