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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Yeast - protazoan
Nematode in undercooked meat
rickettsia

2. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Candida albicans
how many degrees celsius for mold?

3. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Robert Hooke
Shigella
chromosome - function
single- stranded RNA

4. Contains genetic material
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Negative
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
chromosome - function

5. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

6. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Doxycycline
smooth ER
Mycobacterium

7. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
interferon
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
viruses
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus

8. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
spontaneous generation example
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Rubella - respiratory droplets

9. Rodent viruses (not very common)
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
single- stranded DNA
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

10. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Treponema
Reassortment
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

11. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Gallbladder
taxonomic hierarchy
Syphillis - sexual contact
Borrelia recurrentis

12. What is the fxn and chemical composition of cell wall/cell membrane in gram positive bacteria
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
fungal infection examples (3)

13. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
gas gangrene
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

14. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
replication (AV)
Pneumocystis jerovici
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin

15. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Pasteurella multocida
interferon
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
10 to 12

16. Osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicst
Protozoan - STD
Pseudomonas
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Starts quickly and ends quickly

17. What is the treatment for syphillis
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Pen
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles

18. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission

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19. taenia solium - tricky Ts
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
cytoplasm - definition
Parvoviridae
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

20. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Actic polymerization
protozoan infections (5)
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Entertoxigenic E. coli

21. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
malaria prevention
Azithromycin

22. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
methanogens
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
EBV
Children

23. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
single- stranded DNA
candidiasis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
N. gono causing gono

24. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Strep bovis - also group D

25. What are VRE and What do they cause
Diphyllobothrium latum
Severe bacteremia - death
Legionella
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection

26. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Rabies
Does not ferment sorbitol
differential staining example
Acid fast organisms

27. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Double zone of hemolysis
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

28. Toxoplasma gondii - only sexual phase takes place in intestinal tract of the cat - organism ingested by the cat via infected rodents - humans infected by ingesting undercooked meats or by direct contact with cat feces
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Owl's eye inculsions
Toxplasmosis
how many degrees celsius for yeast?

29. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
Histoplasmosis
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Brucella sp
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)

30. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
hypotonic solution

31. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
B cells
Weil Felix test
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

32. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Teichoic acid

33. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Pasteurella multocida
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
capsid - definition

34. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Trigeminal ganglia
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
fungal infection examples (3)
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley

35. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Elementary body
Staph or enteric GNR
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate

36. What is the Ghon complex
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
monera kingdom

37. What does c perfringens produce and What does it do
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
C. perfringens
plasmid - function

38. What does adenovirus cause
malaria symptoms
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

39. 37 celsius
Rubella
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
animal kingdom

40. fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or rhizopus
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B

41. gummas - tabes dorsalis - general paresis - aortisis - argyll robertson pupils - org and dz
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans

42. Which Abx are ineffective against obligate anaerobes and why - where are anaerobes nl found
flaccid paralysis
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Diphyllobothrium latum

43. Clusters
10%; viral
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Pets - treat with topical azoles
arrangements - staphylo

44. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
flagella - function
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

45. What are prion disease caused by
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
gram- positive stain - color

46. Prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often live in extreme conditions
ABC
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
archaea domain
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus

47. 1 - 10 micrometers
viruses
Elementary body
prokaryotes
microaerophilic

48. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Borrelia recurrentis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5

49. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
10%; viral
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Bartonella sp

50. What is the pathophys of mucor
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
E. coli 0157:H7