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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Fungi
plasmolysis
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
2. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Clostridia
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
3. When do gram pos rods form spores
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Klebsiella pneumo
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
When nutriets are limited
4. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
gram- negative stain - color
Influenza virus
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
5. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
envelope - definition
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Shigella
6. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Teichoic acid
Diphyllobothrium latum
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
7. What is the organism for rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)
S. aureus
Recombination
Rickettsia rickettsii
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
8. What is the nl flora on the skin
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
S. epidermidis
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
HIV - malnutrition - death
9. Nucleic acid goes into capsid; tail is attached
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Elementary body
Gonococci
assembly (B)
10. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
mycoplasma (5) - description
Only humoral - stable
11. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
microaerophilic
plasmolysis
assembly (AV)
12. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
Genetic drift - epidemic
Only borrelia
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
facultative
13. Structure unique to some bacteria
Owl's eye inculsions
N. gono causing gono
endospores
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
14. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Borrelia burgdorferi
Metronidazole
15. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Chlamydia trachomatis
16. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Schistosoma haematobium
cilia - function
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
17. Size - cell structure - replication
mycolic acid - definition
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Protozoan - STD
18. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Actinomyces israeli
19. How do shigella propel themselves without flagella
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Actic polymerization
algology
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
20. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
food industry
21. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
H flu
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
S. aureus
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
22. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Viridans group streptococci
Treponema
23. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
capsid - definition
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
single- stranded DNA
Between 2 and 18 months
24. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
adsorption (B)
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Pasteurella multocida
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
25. What does rubeloa virus cause
Mucor or rhizopus
specific
necrosis
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
26. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Yersinia pestis
Lactose fermenting enterics
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
27. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Gallbladder
Serratia
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
28. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Strep bovis - also group D
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
flagella - function
29. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
Immediately upon exposure
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
mycoplasma (5) - description
M. kansasii
30. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Children
31. What does group B strep produce and What does it cause
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
32. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
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33. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
chromosome - description
No envelope
HHV-6 roseola
34. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Severe bacteremia - death
35. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Klebsiella
36. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
nucleic acid
37. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
endospores - definition
Bordetella pertussis
Parvo - single stranded
38. Locomotion or can move substances along the cell
Koch's Postulates 3
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
cilia - function
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
40. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
plasmid - definition
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
spontaneous generation
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
41. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
animal kingdom
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Yeast - protazoan
Koch's Postulates 1
42. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Mononuclear cells
Spikes
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
differential staining example
43. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
C tetani
taxonomic hierarchy
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
44. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
penetration (AV)
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
45. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
malaria
3 groups in archaea
Candida albicans
Haematobium - bladder
46. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
envelope - definition
Koch's Postulates 1
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
No envelope
47. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Gardnerella vaginalis
48. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
49. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Candida and aspergillus
C. perfringens
infection process of animal viruses (6)
50. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA