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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
spontaneous generation example
HCV
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
2. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Syphillis - sexual contact
Paracoccidioidomycosis
3. This bacteria is a majore cause of bloody diarrhea - esp in children - fecal - oral transmission through mean (poultry - met unspasteurized milk
giardia
Campylocobacter jejuni
Influenza virus
Protozoan - STD
4. meningitis in >60
H. flu
Muramic acid
IVDU
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
5. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
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6. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
mycolic acid - definition
John Needham
Muramic acid
cell membrane - definition
7. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
Schistosoma haematobium
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
8. Which nematodes are ingested
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Histoplasmosis
Metabolic activity without division
9. Problem with food preservation - canning
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
botulism
motility of bacteria
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
10. What kind of genome does HIV have
Beta hemolytic
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Dipoid RNA
11. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Clonorchis sinensis
spontaneous generation
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
12. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Influenza virus
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
13. PNA in CF
how many degrees celsius for mold?
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Pseudomonas
Prompt oral rehydration
14. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Fusion and entry
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
15. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
bacteriology
Acid fast organisms
16. Prokaryotes
bacteria domain
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
not acid- fast - colo
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
17. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Pox - complex
18. What can PID cause
eukaryotes
Yersinia pestis
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Pseudomonas
19. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
cytoplasm - definition
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
20. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
coccus
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Klebsiella
21. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Nematode in undercooked meat
specific
22. What does botulinum toxin do and What is it characterized by
mycoplasma (5) - description
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Koch's Postulates 2
23. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
special staining of bacteria
Enterobacter cloacae
24. What components make up the eveloped helical viral structure
PCR/Viral load
John Needham
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
25. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Double zone of hemolysis
Bacillus anthracis
assembly (B)
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
26. What is the TX for candidiasis
Rose gardner's
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
C. diff
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
27. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
Klebsiella
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
28. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Salmonella
Louis Pasteur
production of beer and wine
29. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Haematobium - bladder
Lower lobe
fungi kingdom
EBV
30. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
Entertoxigenic E. coli
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
31. Rupturing of cell
algology
chromosome - function
lysis
gram- positive stain - explanation
32. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Antigen in urine
Elementary body
botulism
Metabolic activity without division
33. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Rickettsia rickettsii
Actinomyces and nocardia
34. What are agryll roberston pupils
Only borrelia
Cell Theory
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
genus
35. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Proteus mirabilis
36. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Crohns or appendicitis
Antigen associated with core of HBV
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Elevated CRP and ESR
37. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Acute/recent infection
Salmonella
H flu
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
38. hemoptysis - parasite
Robert Koch
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Paragonimus westermani
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
39. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Sporothrix schenckii
ribosomes - function
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
40. What diseases can HHV-8 cause and What is the route of transmission
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41. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
how do viruses take over a host cell?
humans do not have
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
42. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
basic shapes of bacteria
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
C. diff
43. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
Cryptococcus neoformans
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
No cell wall
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
44. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Toxo crosses the placenta
Tellurite agar
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
45. What is HBeAg
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
facultative
46. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Pasteurella multocida
Klebsiella pneumo
47. What virus is in the filovirus family and What does it do
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
simple staining of bacteria
spiral
48. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
interferon
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
49. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
endocytosis...
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Serratia
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
50. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Sporothrix schenckii
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP