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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
osmotic pressure
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
lysozyme

2. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
bacteriology
helical shape - definition
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

3. What virus is in the deltavirus family
Only borrelia
Weil Felix test
Cyanophora paradoxa
HDV

4. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Vulvuvaginitis
Robert Hooke
Bordetella pertussis

5. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
adsorption (B)
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Actinomyces and nocardia

6. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
protozoa (3)
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
spiral - vibrio

7. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Chronic disease - positive during window period
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

8. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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9. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Cigar shaped yeast
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

10. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
Pneumocystis jerovici
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

11. What bug grows on sabouraud's agar
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Attachment to host T cell
algae characteristics (3)
Fungi

12. PNA in CF
malaria
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Histoplasmosis
Pseudomonas

13. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
B. cereus
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

14. fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or rhizopus
penetration (AV)
candidiasis
Rubella

15. What does group B strep cause
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
osmotic pressure
eukaryotic organelles - definition
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension

16. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
botulism
No cell wall
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Clonorchis sinensis

17. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

18. What are the lab findings of pseudomonas
dormant
Owl's eye inculsions
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Virbrio cholera

19. What are the killed viral vaccines
viruses
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Azithromycin

20. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Tellurite agar
Endosymbiotic Theory
Malignant otitis externa
lipids (fats) =

21. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Klebsiella pneumo
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

22. What are koplick spots - and when/How does the rash present in measles infxn
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive

23. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Anti - HBsAb
mycoplasma (5) - description
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture

24. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
endocytosis...
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

25. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
flagella - description

26. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Cmv
Beta hemolytic
Klebsiella granulomatis
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

27. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
H flu
Bordetella pertussis
Yes
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

28. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Only humoral - stable
Staph saprophyticus
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT

29. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
Muramic acid
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
peptidoglycan - definition

30. Require high salt concentrations
aerobic
halophiles
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Oral and esophageal thrush

31. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
dormant
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

32. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
cytoplasm - definition
Shigella
Pregnant women
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV

33. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
not acid- fast - colo

34. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
capsid - definition
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
spiral

35. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
helical shape - definition
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
glycocalyx - function

36. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Pseudomonas
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

37. What does rhinovirus do
Common cold
myc/myo means
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold

38. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
envelope is composed of...
fermentation - definition
HHV 6 - roseola
L1 - L2 - L3

39. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
endospores
single- stranded DNA

40. pos PAS stain

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41. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Koch's Postulates 3
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Serratia marcescens
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

42. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
E. coli
IVDU

43. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
B. cereus
When nutriets are limited
gram- negative stain - explanation
how do viruses take over a host cell?

44. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
histoplasmosis
ASO titer
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure

45. All living things are composed of cells
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
endospores
Cell Theory
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver

46. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
plasmolysis

47. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
aerobic

48. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host

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49. Postviral PNA
Epiglottitis H flu type B
flagella - function
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Staph or H. flu

50. Genes for which 5 bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
When nutriets are limited
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes