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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
replication (B)
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine

2. What organisms stain with PAS

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3. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Sexual activity - but not an STI
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines

4. What does PAS actually stain for
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
M. pneumoniae
Bacterial superinfection
Plasmodium

5. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
spiral - spirochete
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Type B protease IgA
HHV 6 - roseola

6. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Acute/recent infection
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
hyperthermophiles
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

7. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
ABC
Enterobacter cloacae
Salmonella
Enteroinvasive E. coli

8. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Group B strep
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast

9. Rodent viruses (not very common)
single- stranded DNA
differential staining example
Prompt oral rehydration
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

10. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
CMV retinitis
adsorption (B)
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria

11. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces isreallii
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase

12. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
aerobic
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
genus
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

13. Are there carriers for HDV
Only humoral - stable
actinomycetes (3) - description
Yes
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

14. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
methanogens
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Yersinia enterocolitica

15. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Measles rubeola - measles
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis

16. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Bartonella henselae
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Parvoviridae

17. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Candida and aspergillus
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Nematode in undercooked meat
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)

18. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
Mononuclear cells
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
importance of microorganisms
Borrelia burgdorferi

19. What bugs are obligate intracellulars and why

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20. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
EBV

21. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
C tetani
malaria symptoms
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

22. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
Teichoic acid
Francesco Redi - experiment
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

23. What is the TX for pneumocystis jerovici
Clostridia
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

24. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Guillain barre
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii

25. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
three domains of microorganisms
necrosis
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

26. Thrush
When nutriets are limited
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
oral yeast infections =
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis

27. What is HBeAg
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Rubella german measles
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability

28. Which are the herpesviruses
Koch's Postulates 4
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
monera kingdom
Koch's Postulates 1

29. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
tetanus
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine

30. How is Hfr made
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
gas gangrene

31. Provides structure
cell membrane - definition
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Serratia
cell wall - function

32. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Epiglottitis H flu type B

33. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
penetration (B)
yeast
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

34. Study of algae
algology
histoplasmosis
Enterobacter cloacae
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

35. What test screens for syphillis and What test confirms it
Fusion and entry
structures of prokaryotic cell
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Enteroinvasive E. coli

36. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

37. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
giardia
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Clostridia

38. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
Killed/inactivated
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
assembly (AV)

39. What is the progression of disease in rabies infxn
necrosis
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Rifampin
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

40. Retinitis in HIV pos pts with cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam
CMV
Treponema - primary syphillis
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

41. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
pseudopodia
Koch's Postulates 2
cilia - function

42. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
malaria
how do viruses take over a host cell?

43. What schistosoma species is associated with squamous cell carcinoma - and of what organi
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Haematobium - bladder
C. diptheriae
M. pneumoniae

44. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
hypotonic solution
replication (B)
Klebsiella pneumo
Paracoccidioidomycosis

45. Lowercase/italics or underlined
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Azithromycin
species

46. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Owl's eye inculsions
three domains of microorganisms
C. diptheriae
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts

47. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Avain resevoir
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk

48. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
algae characteristics (3)
Double zone of hemolysis
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

49. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
they are eukaryotes
Aerosal - from environmental water source

50. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Pseudomonas
Acid fast organisms

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