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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does parvovirus cause
Borrelia recurrentis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Killed/inactivated
2. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Syphillis - sexual contact
protozoa (3)
pseudopodia
Anaerobes
3. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
C. perfringens
4. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
trichomoniasis symptoms
mitochondria - function
5. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
polyhedral shape - defintion
C. diptheriae
6. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
eukaryotic organelles (5)
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
7. How is chlamydia DX is lab
fungal infection examples (3)
Candida albicans
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
8. How is treponema visualized
Dark field microscopy
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
capsid - function
9. gram pos - spore forming - obligate anaerobes
Unimmunised kids
Clostridia
fungal infection examples (3)
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
10. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
histoplasmosis
B. cereus
11. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Bat - racoon - skunk
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
12. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
double- stranded RNA
nucleic acid
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
13. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
medical important mycobacteria
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
arrangements - diplo
14. 25 celsius
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
how many degrees celsius for mold?
15. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
medical important mycobacteria
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
16. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
germination
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
17. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
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18. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Avain resevoir
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Endosymbiotic Theory
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
19. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
what envelope contains
chromosomes in nucleus are...
20. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
bacteriology
C. diff
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
21. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Immediately upon exposure
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
chloroplasts - function
Antigen in urine
22. Tissue died
Cell Theory
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
gas gangrene
23. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
replication for prokaryotes
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
trichomoniasis symptoms
24. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Brucella sp
Teichoic acid
C. perfringens
25. Which bacteria have no cell wall
food industry
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Mycoplasma - have sterols
26. Water moves into the cell; cell wall is strong = contains the swelling - cell wall is weak = osmotic lysis
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
arrangements - diplo
hypotonic solution
Mucor or rhizopus
27. Which are the segmented viruses and what feature do they all share
biogenesis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
28. How is legionella transmitted
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
HBV from needle stick
Aerosal - from environmental water source
29. Postviral PNA
Bat - racoon - skunk
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Staph or H. flu
30. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Nematode in undercooked meat
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
osmotic lysis
E. coli - proteus
31. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
Rickettsia rickettsii
Meningococci
genus
32. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Mice - deer
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
chromosome - description
33. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
34. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
spiral - vibrio
chemical synthesis...
35. 80S = 60S + 40S
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
100 micrometers
Meningococci
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
36. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
fermentation - definition
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
envelope - definition
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
37. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
methanogens
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Paragonimus westermani
Rapid cell division
38. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Plasmodium
endospores are resistant to (4)
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
39. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Nucleus - except parvovirus
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
flagella - function
Serratia marcescens
40. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
viruses
Beta hemolytic
Toxo crosses the placenta
necrosis
41. What is the TX for sporthrix
yeast
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
interferon
Protein A - S. aureus
42. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
chromosome - description
ABC
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
43. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
Viridans group streptococci
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
how wine is spoiled
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
44. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
Gallbladder
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
spontaneous generation
Measles
45. What cell wall structures are found only in gram pos bacteria
Teichoic acid
Weil Felix test
ribosomes - function
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
46. What does meningococci cause
Palivizumab
Bacteria - STD
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
47. Apiration PNA - orgs
malaria symptoms
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Anaerobes
48. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Lepromatous
Mycobacterium
bacillus
49. burns or air
what peptidoglycan is composed of
pasteurization
Pseudomonas
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
50. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum