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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
PCR/Viral load
assembly (B)
capsid - definition
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus

2. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Legionella
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
plasmid - function

3. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
chloroplasts - function
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal

4. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Parvoviridae
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

5. PNA in EtOh or IVDU
rough ER
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Paragonimus westermani
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

6. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

7. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Children
glycocalyx - function
Crohns or appendicitis

8. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
mitochondria - function
Endosymbiotic Theory
Sacral ganglia
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes

9. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
replication (B)
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
tetanus
Lazzaro Spallanzani

10. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Parvoviridae
gram- negative stain - explanation

11. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Enterobius
Virbrio cholera
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

12. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus

13. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Cyanophora paradoxa
Treponema - tertiary syphillis

14. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

15. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
amoebic dynsentry
S. aureus
Measles
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

16. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
structures of prokaryotic cell
C. perfringens
yeast
E. coli - proteus

17. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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18. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Lymph nodes
pseudopodia
structures of prokaryotic cell
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

19. Where do DNA viruses replicate
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
H flu type B
Nucleus - except parvovirus

20. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Candida
assembly (B)

21. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
PCR/Viral load
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Actinomyces and nocardia
oxygen requirements of bacteria

22. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
eukarya domain
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
chromosome - description

23. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
Borrelia recurrentis
HHV-6 roseola
R. typhi
what peptidoglycan is composed of

24. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
John Needham
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor

25. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Avain resevoir

26. Apiration PNA - orgs
S. aureus
Anaerobes
they are eukaryotes
Toxoplasmosis

27. What does group B strep cause
gram stain - definition
release (AV)
HHV-6 roseola
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies

28. 10 - 100 micrometers
cell wall - function
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
eukaryotes

29. Trichomonas
10 to 12
Rubella german measles
flagella
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

30. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
Pasteurella multocida
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
coccus
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

31. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Beta hemolytic
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
spiral
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

32. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Only borrelia
Koch's Postulates 2
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins

33. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
No - erythromycin
Severe pneumonia

34. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
ABC
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
adsorption (AV)

35. Which spirochete can be visulized using aniline dyes in light microscopy
pasteurization
Only borrelia
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

36. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
penetration (AV)
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
8 - orthomyoxovirus

37. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
protozoa (3)
Rapid cell division
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Between 2 and 18 months

38. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
nucleus

39. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
ABC
endospores are formed via
gram stain - definition
Togavirus - german 3 day measles

40. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic

41. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
M. avium intracellulare
HIV - AIDS
pasteurization
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart

42. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Only humoral - stable
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Candida and aspergillus

43. Fever and chills
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Toxo crosses the placenta
malaria symptoms
differential staining example

44. Comma- shaped
spiral - vibrio
Cryptosporidium
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii

45. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
eukaryotic organelles (5)
PCR/Viral load
microbiology
gram stain - definition

46. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Group B strep
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
methanogens

47. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Actinomyces israeli
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Borrelia burgdorferi
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

48. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Francesco Redi - experiment
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Protozoan - STD

49. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
C. perfringens
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Nematode in undercooked meat
taxonomic hierarchy

50. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
chlamydia
C tetani
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy