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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decomposition - starting point of food chains - commercial applications
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Surfers in the tropics
importance of microorganisms
C. perfringens
2. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Clostridium perfringens
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
3. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Severe pneumonia
trichomoniasis symptoms
Sporothrix schenckii
4. yeast and mold
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Louis Pasteur
HAV - RNA picornavirus
5. Must be able to re- isolate organism from test host
6. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
Toxplasmosis
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
7. superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature in HIV pos pt where biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
bacteriophage - definition
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
HHV-8 - KS
8. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
9. What happens in secondary syphillis
H flu
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
10. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
Surfers in the tropics
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
11. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
spiral
spiral - vibrio
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
pseudopodia
12. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
dormant
10%; viral
Klebsiella granulomatis
13. B12 def - parasite
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
14. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
lipids (fats) =
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Neuraminidase
Spikes
15. What kind of genome does HIV have
Treponema
John Needham - experiment
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Dipoid RNA
16. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
malaria
Candida albicans
Heat labile toxin
Reoviridae - rotavirus
17. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
ribosomes - function
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
18. surgical wound
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
S. aureus
Cyanophora paradoxa
19. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
bacteria domain
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
20. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Klebsiella
cell wall - function
M. tuberculosis
nucleus
21. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
22. Which gram pos bacteria have branching filamentous morphology
histoplasmosis
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
archaea domain
Francesco Redi - experiment
23. PNA in CF
Pseudomonas
algology
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Doxycycline
24. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
E. Coli
25. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
3 groups in archaea
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Pasteurella multocida
26. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
smooth ER
Metronidazole
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
27. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Francesco Redi - experiment
monera kingdom
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Only borrelia
28. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
John Needham
Klebsiella pneumo
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Viral gastroenteritis
29. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
E. coli - proteus
hypotonic solution
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
30. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture
31. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Staph or enteric GNR
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
histoplasmosis
Killed viral vaccine
32. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
uncoating (AV)
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
33. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
HHV-8 - KS
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
spiral
34. What feature of influenza virus promotes it entry into cells
Influenza virus
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Paragonimus westermani
Hemagluttin
35. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Sexual activity - but not an STI
trichomoniasis symptoms
Bartonella sp
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
36. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
fungal infection examples (3)
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
When nutriets are limited
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
37. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
S. epidermidis
10%; viral
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
algae characteristics (3)
38. Ability to move via flagella
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
motility of bacteria
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
39. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
five kingdoms of microorganisms
40. What kind of virus and family are HBV
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
No cell wall
DNA hepadnavirus
Parvoviridae
41. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
chromosome - function
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Saucer shaped yeast forms
42. What does salmonella typhi cause
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
nucleus
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
43. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
endospores - definition
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Negative
Staph or enteric GNR
44. What are PE signs of PID
osmotic pressure
Meningococci
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
45. Describe the rabies virus
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
importance of microorganisms
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
46. Where do RNA viruses replicate
osmotic pressure
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
47. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Negative
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Saucer shaped yeast forms
hypertonic solution
48. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
Pneumocystis jerovici
protozoan infections (5)
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Pets - treat with topical azoles
49. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Gallbladder
No envelope
50. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
trichomoniasis symptoms
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
CMV - RSV