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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
E. coli
Cholesterol
Schistosoma mansori
2. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae
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3. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
C tetani
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
4. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
trichomoniasis...
pili - function
Chlamydia trachomatis
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
5. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
Rifampin
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
6. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Syphillis - sexual contact
Common cold and SARS
B. cereus
Louis Pasteur
7. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Parvoviridae
flagella - description
8. What does coxaskcievirus do
Double zone of hemolysis
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
cell wall - function
9. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Doxycycline
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
dormant
10. What is the TX for h pylori
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Klebsiella granulomatis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
11. variola - lots of spots
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
protozoan infections (5)
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
12. What Oi/disease occurs on the genitals of AIDS pts
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Bartonella henselae
13. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
microaerophilic
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
14. What are the 3 C's for measles
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Bordetella pertussis
Enterobius
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
15. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Fusion and entry
gram- negative stain - explanation
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Sacral ganglia
16. Which males have UTIs
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
17. Which of the togoviruses are arboviruses and which are not
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
plasmolysis
Pseudomonas
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
18. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
three domains of microorganisms
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
histoplasmosis
19. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
mycoplasma (5) - description
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
20. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
21. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
<30 - military - prisons
Tellurite agar
Entertoxigenic E. coli
22. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Azithromycin
23. What feature is unique to shigella
Anaerobes
Saucer shaped yeast forms
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
osmotic pressure
24. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Streptococcus mutans
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
25. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
26. What are the symptoms of diptheria
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
E. coli
27. Where can salmonella typhi remain chronically
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Owl's eye inculsions
Gallbladder
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
28. Pink
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
food industry
gram- negative stain - color
ASO titer
29. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Endosymbiotic Theory
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
3 groups in archaea
pseudopodia
30. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Serratia marcescens
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
HCV
31. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
John Needham
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
32. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Bartonella sp
60%; viruses
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
33. Lowercase/italics or underlined
how many degrees celsius for mold?
species
chromosome - function
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
34. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
tetanus
assembly (AV)
35. Bacteriophage
complex virus example
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Fungi
36. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
cell wall - function
mycolic acid - definition
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
37. tissue nematode causing granulomas (blindness if in the retina) and visceral larva migrans - org - transmission - tx
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
E. coli - proteus
Tetracycline or erythromycin
38. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
fungi kingdom
Nocardia asteroides
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
39. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Neuraminidase
When nutriets are limited
Klebsiella
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
40. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Envelope proteins
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
41. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
C. diptheriae
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Pseudomonas
No envelope
42. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or has vesicular lesions and causes temporal encephalitis - and vesicular lesions in the neonate - org and transmission
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
chemical synthesis...
Francesco Redi
43. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
commercial applications
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Oral and esophageal thrush
nucleus
44. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
nucleic acid
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Mycobacterium
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
M. kansasii
46. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Measles rubeola - measles
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
HIV - AIDS
47. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Gonococci
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
48. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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49. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV
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50. what dpes gp120 do
Killed/inactivated
bacteria domain
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Attachment to host T cell
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