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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bacteria are considered enterococci - where are they found - and What do they cause
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Cyanophora paradoxa
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
botulism

2. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
polyhedral shape - defintion
mitochondria - function

3. Binary fission + cytokinesis
CMV
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Lymph nodes
replication for prokaryotes

4. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV

5. Contains genetic material
Viral gastroenteritis
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
chromosome - function
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

6. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Mice - deer
ASO titer

7. Which bacteria are spirochetes
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Francesco Redi - experiment
Actinomyces

8. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Heat labile toxin
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

9. yeast infection
candidiasis
envelope - definition
Yes
Azithromycin

10. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
histoplasmosis
Double zone of hemolysis
Immediately upon exposure
N. gono causing gono

11. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Toxplasmosis
E. coli - proteus
C. diff

12. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Attachment to host T cell

13. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
HIV - sexual
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation

14. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
polyhedral shape - defintion
assembly (AV)
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria

15. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
10%; viral
Toxplasmosis
eukarya domain

16. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
peptidoglycan - definition
M. kansasii
Children
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

17. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
glycocalyx - function
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Proteus mirabilis
protozoan infections (5)

18. What is the TX for candidiasis
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

19. What bacteria requires acid fast stain to visualize
capsid - definition
Mycobacterium
E. Coli
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

20. What are important resevoirs for borrelia and What animal is required for tick life cycle
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
icosahedron
Mice - deer

21. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Clostridium botulinum
candidiasis
rickettsia

22. Non - enveloped virus is engulfed by host cell; enveloped virus fusion of the envelope with cell membrane
glycocalyx - description
how do viruses take over a host cell?
rough ER
penetration (AV)

23. What does coronavirus do
Pseudomonas
Common cold and SARS
CMV
Clonorchis sinensis

24. What acid is in the spore core
Dipicolinic acid
HHV-6 roseola
flaccid paralysis
oxygen requirements of bacteria

25. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
cell wall - function
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

26. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
Ring enhancing brain lesions
algae characteristics (3)
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Pox - complex

27. What are prion disease caused by
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
spiral - spirillum
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

28. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

29. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
animal kingdom
Measles
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

30. Structure unique to some bacteria
Lymph nodes
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
malaria prevention
endospores

31. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
cytoplasm - definition
nucleus
anaerobic
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

32. How does urinary tract infection present
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Koch's Postulates 1
Measles

33. Requires absence of oxygen
Children
molds
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
anaerobic

34. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
cytoplasm - definition
Only humoral - stable
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

35. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
cytoplasm - definition
pasteurization
food thickeners
Endosymbiotic Theory

36. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Clostridium perfringens
VZV - chickenpox
EBV
Severe bacteremia - death

37. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
amoebic dynsentry

38. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
Crohns or appendicitis
Bartonella sp
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

39. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

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40. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Rabies

41. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
chlamydia
Klebsiella granulomatis
Reoviridae - rotavirus
Elementary body

42. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
adsorption (B)
malaria symptoms
Campylocobacter jejuni
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

43. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
penetration (AV)
Does not ferment sorbitol
cilia
gram- positive cell wall

44. What are the lab findings for H pylori
penetration (B)
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis

45. What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
envelope is composed of...

46. What are the black skin lesions in anthrax caused by
Pneumoniae and psittaci
HDV
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor
Toxo crosses the placenta

47. How does TSST work
endospores
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
five fields of microbiology
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)

48. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
myc/myo means
CMV retinitis
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures

49. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Group B strep - E. coli

50. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
chloroplasts - function
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
8 - orthomyoxovirus