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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Same organism must be found in all cases of disease
2. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Tellurite agar
biogenesis
3. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
yeast
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Klebsiella pneumo
4. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
5. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
single- stranded RNA
3 groups in archaea
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
6. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
Rapid cell division
what peptidoglycan is composed of
glycocalyx - function
flagella - description
7. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
bacillus
Elementary body
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
8. currant jelly sputum
mycology
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Klebsiella
Dark field microscopy
9. 70S = 30S + 50S
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
EBV
10. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
single- stranded RNA
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
11. Motility causes 'swarming' on agar - produces urease - associated with struvite stones - org causing UTI
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Salmonella
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
12. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Actinomyces and nocardia
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Rubella - respiratory droplets
13. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
glycocalyx - description
aerobic
14. portal HTN - parasite
endospores - definition
Schistosoma mansori
Mycoplasma
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
15. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Mucor or rhizopus
Cigar shaped yeast
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
16. What are the 4 phases of HIV
virus example
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
17. What viruses make up the arena virus family
HDV
Protozoan - STD
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
18. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Superantigen
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Avain resevoir
19. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
M. tuberculosis
M. pneumoniae
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
20. Rupturing of cell
lysis
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Echinococcus granulosus
food industry
21. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
22. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
Common cold
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
23. What is the nl flora in the nose
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
24. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
25. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
E. coli 0157:H7
Cigar shaped yeast
Robert Koch
26. Of the gram neg bacillus - which ones are enterics
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Superantigen
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
27. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
Hemagluttin
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
No - erythromycin
28. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Sterility
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Resistant
29. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Acute/recent infection
Prompt oral rehydration
30. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
Entertoxigenic E. coli
10%; viral
Cholesterol
31. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
CMV - RSV
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
S. aureus
32. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Spikes
33. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
anaerobic
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
34. How does mucomycosis present clinically
histoplasmosis
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
35. Eukaryotic and non - photosynthetic; can produce asexual and sexual spores
necrosis
fungi
glycocalyx - description
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
36. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
replication for eukaryotes
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Francisella tularenis
37. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Avain resevoir
Teichoic acid
Clostridium tetani
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
38. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Strep pneumo and viridans
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Yes
39. What feature of influenza virus promotes progeny virion release
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
hypotonic solution
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Neuraminidase
40. Are atypical lymphocytes actually atypical?
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
microaerophilic
Cell Theory
41. Who mostly gets infected with leptospira
E. Coli
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Surfers in the tropics
10 to 12
42. Mild respiratory infection
double- stranded RNA
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Lactose fermenting enterics
Entamoeba hisotlytica
43. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
44. Which males have UTIs
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Meningococci
endospores
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
antibiotics
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
46. Study of protozoans
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
virology
Azithromycin
protozoology
47. slapped cheek rah on face later appears over body in reticular 'lace - like' pattern - can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women - agent and dz
Antigen in vaccines
Koch's Postulates 1
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
how many degrees celsius for mold?
48. fungal infection in diabetic
Paracoccidioidomycosis
fimbriae - function
Mucor or rhizopus
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
49. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Only borrelia
Epiglottitis H flu type B
50. This fungi causes pneumonia and meningitis can disseminate to bone - cases inc after earthquakes - name of dz - classic histo finding and endemic area
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
DNA hepadnavirus