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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Actic polymerization
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
All of them
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
2. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
amoebic dynsentry
Actinomyces israeli
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
3. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Mononuclear cells
chemical synthesis...
Lymph nodes
Metronidazole
4. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Staph or enteric GNR
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
5. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Pasteurella multocida
6. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
five fields of microbiology
Neuraminidase
Mucor or rhizopus
prokaryotes
7. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Group B strep - E. coli
Mucor or rhizopus
Oral and esophageal thrush
8. Study of viruses
Legionella
Enteroinvasive E. coli
virology
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
9. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
candidiasis
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
production of beer and wine
10. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
rickettsia
Motility - protein
Protein A - S. aureus
11. What features are unique to salmonella
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
12. How does urinary tract infection present
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
13. In who does HEV have high mortality
Pregnant women
not acid- fast - colo
eukaryotic organelles - definition
infection process of animal viruses (6)
14. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Acute/recent infection
Clonorchis sinensis
15. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
food industry
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
16. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Cyanophora paradoxa
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Motility - protein
E. coli 0157:H7
17. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
Serratia marcescens
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
S. epidermidis
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
18. roseola - lots of spots
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
flagella - function
19. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Pasteurella multocida
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
20. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
C. perfringens
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
endospores are resistant to (4)
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
21. Bacteria uses alcohol and produce acetic acid and turns it to vinegar
Strep pneumo and viridans
Rubella - respiratory droplets
how wine is spoiled
differential staining of bacteria
22. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
S - definition
23. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
H flu
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
24. What malignancy is pseudomans associated with in diabetics
Malignant otitis externa
60%; viruses
fermentation - definition
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
25. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
uncoating (AV)
plant kingdom
26. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
Mycobacterium
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Transformation or competence
27. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Actic polymerization
Candida
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
28. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
3 groups in archaea
Bartonella henselae
Cell Theory
29. Sporulation
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Borrelia burgdorferi
endospores are formed via
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
30. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
H flu type B
Robert Hooke
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
31. How is treponema visualized
fungi
Proteus mirabilis
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Dark field microscopy
32. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
mycoplasma (5) - description
capsid - definition
what envelope contains
33. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
fungal infection examples (3)
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
HBV
Tetracycline or erythromycin
34. What does polyomavirus cause
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Motility - protein
35. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Legionella
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
S. aureus
36. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
cilia - function
37. What kind of genome does HIV have
Dipoid RNA
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
38. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
C. diptheriae
39. Which bacteria have no cell wall
Mycoplasma - have sterols
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
40. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Children
monera kingdom
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
41. HBV causes what kind of hepatitis - What is the vaccine - and what enzyme does it have
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Croup - seal like barking cough
archaea domain
42. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
gram- positive stain - explanation
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
43. This fungi can be found in bird/bat droppings or within macrophages and causes pneumonia - Where is it endemic
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Influenza virus
44. Which gram neg bacteria have pleomorphic morphology
Recombination
Transformation or competence
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Entamoeba histolytica
45. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
Beta hemolytic
Tellurite agar
C. perfringens
46. Which form of Hansens disease is lethal
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Group B strep
Lepromatous
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
47. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
Plasmodium
HHV-8 - KS
Klebsiella granulomatis
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
48. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter cloacae
49. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
Bacillus anthracis
Oral and esophageal thrush
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
50. Ability to move via flagella
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
protozoa (3)
C. perfringens
motility of bacteria