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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. atypical PNA
Actinomyces
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

2. Which are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses
Gardnerella vaginalis
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

3. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
gram- negative cell wall
E. coli - proteus
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
C tetani

4. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

5. How are rickettsiae transmitted
All except coxiella are via arthropod
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
plant kingdom
adsorption (AV)

6. What are the gram neg coccus (genus)
Neisseria
capsid - function
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Yeast - protazoan

7. What does norwalk virus do
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Staph saprophyticus
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Viral gastroenteritis

8. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
ABC
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

9. What is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis - what kind of virus is it - and What is the pathophys
Francesco Redi - experiment
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
archaea domain
HIV - sexual

10. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
HHV-8 - KS
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
single- stranded RNA
C. diff

11. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
ABC
rickettsia

12. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at head and moving down - preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on buccal mucosa
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Measles
cell wall - function

13. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
S. aureus
M. tuberculosis
Syphillis - sexual contact

14. In who does HEV have high mortality
trichomoniasis...
Pregnant women
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
plant kingdom

15. What kind of genome does HIV have
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
aerobic
Dipoid RNA

16. Long rods that can be rigid or flexible
cytoplasm - definition
helical shape - definition
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
peptidoglycan - definition

17. How is treponema visualized
cilia
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
D- K
Dark field microscopy

18. Require high salt concentrations
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
halophiles
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
specific

19. What is Anti - HBeAg
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Genetic drift - epidemic
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability

20. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
spontaneous generation example
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS

21. What laboratory test distinguishes strep pyogenes from group B strep - and What causes the immunologic response
Transformation or competence
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV

22. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Tetracycline or erythromycin
what peptidoglycan is composed of
CMV - RSV
Saucer shaped yeast forms

23. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
fimbriae - function
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
H. pylori

24. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
differential staining example
pili - function

25. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
bacteriology
gram- positive stain - color
mycolic acid - definition
Chlamydia trachomatis

26. How does urinary tract infection present
hypertonic solution
Salmonella typhi
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
arrangements - strepto...

27. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
fimbriae - function
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
structures of prokaryotic cell
Pen

28. What organisms stain with PAS

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29. What are the lab findings for cholera
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
five kingdoms of microorganisms
H flu type B
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media

30. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Virbrio cholera
Food - fingers - feces - flies
cytoplasm - definition
Staph saprophyticus

31. Related to a fungus
10%; viral
myc/myo means
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
8 - orthomyoxovirus

32. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
spontaneous generation example
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos

33. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
chromosome - description
Specialized transduction - an excision event

34. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
cilia - function
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

35. Processes - sorts - and packages proteins and lipids
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Capsid protein
golgi complex - function
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

36. Other than the ToRCHeS infxns - what other infectious agents can cause meningitis in neonates
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Prompt oral rehydration
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein

37. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
L1 - L2 - L3
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Lazzaro Spallanzani
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

38. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Lymph nodes
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

40. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
malaria symptoms
red tide
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Acid fast organisms

41. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

42. What is the pathophys of mucor
E. coli - proteus
Encapsulated microbes SHiN
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

43. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
HBV
arrangements - staphylo
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

44. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
C. perfringens
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
gram- positive stain - explanation
Francesco Redi

45. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
CMV - RSV
red algae make
Crohns or appendicitis
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines

46. Spherical
HBV
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
coccus
Only humoral - stable

47. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
M. kansasii
cytoplasm - definition
capsid - definition
malaria prevention

48. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Robert Hooke
Avain resevoir
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

49. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
HBC - hepatitis B
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Streptococcus mutans
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts

50. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Legionella
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
fungal infection examples (3)
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus