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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
dormant
Paramyxovirus; measles
assembly (AV)
Metronidazole

2. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Rabies
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Serratia marcescens
Children

3. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
3 groups in archaea
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

4. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
CMV retinitis

5. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Streptococcus mutans
double- stranded RNA
plasmolysis
Rubella

6. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Group B strep
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
capsid is composed of...

7. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
eukaryotic organelles (5)
penetration (AV)
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Theory of Biogenesis

8. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Toxplasmosis
Strep pneumo and viridans
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Salmonella

9. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
ribosomes - function
Anti - HBsAb
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Clostridium tetani

10. What are gp120 and gp41 together
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Envelope proteins
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

11. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
flagella - function
fungi kingdom
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Many treponemas

12. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
S. aureus
H. flu
Beta hemolytic

13. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
they are eukaryotes
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Group B strep - E. coli
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase

14. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
plant kingdom
E. coli 0157:H7
envelope - definition

15. PNA in elderly
Bartonella sp
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
C. diptheriae
spiral - spirillum

16. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
John Needham
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Immediately upon exposure

17. Which males have UTIs
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
HHV-6 roseola
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Anaerobes

18. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
M. pneumoniae
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Bordetella pertussis
antibiotics

19. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Rose gardner's
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

20. Animals - plants - fungi - and protists
Haematobium - bladder
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
eukarya domain
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

21. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
simple staining of bacteria
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Cryptosporidium
germination

22. What is weil's disease
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Clostridia
importance of microorganisms

23. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
nucleus

24. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
HIV - malnutrition - death
Lepromatous
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma

25. roseola - lots of spots
Lymph nodes
Crohns or appendicitis
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

26. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
capsid - function
cell wall - function
interferon

27. burns or air
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
medical important mycobacteria
Pseudomonas

28. Which nematodes are ingested
Sterility
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Serratia marcescens

29. Chemical synthesis and food industry
Treponema
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
complex virus example
commercial applications

30. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
C. diptheriae
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
gram- positive cell wall
malaria

31. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
medical important mycobacteria

32. Clusters
arrangements - staphylo
Pseudomonas
taxonomic hierarchy
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

33. Brain abscesses in HIV pos pts with ring enhancing lesions on imaging
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Toxoplasmosis
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

34. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
Staph saprophyticus
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis

35. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
mycolic acid - definition
Gardnerella vaginalis
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)

36. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Virbrio cholera
five fields of microbiology
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions

37. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

38. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Mycoplasma
replication (B)
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

39. Helical - polyhedral - complex
R. prowazekii
viral shapes
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock

40. ___ of cancers are known to be _____ induced
Silver stain
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Toxoid vaccine
10%; viral

41. What are VRE and What do they cause
Toxoid vaccine
Killed/inactivated
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw

42. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
basic shapes of bacteria
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
assembly (AV)

43. Where does HIV virus duplicate during latent phase
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
L1 - L2 - L3
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Lymph nodes

44. Rod- shaped
bacillus
arrangements - staphylo
Klebsiella
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)

45. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Meningococci
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Robert Koch

46. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
plasmolysis
Vulvuvaginitis
Proteus mirabilis
Parvo - single stranded

47. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Cryptosporidium
C. perfringens
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

48. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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49. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Strep bovis - also group D
double- stranded RNA

50. rubella - lots of spots
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
nucleus
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Togavirus - german 3 day measles