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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Clostridium perfringens
Robert Hooke
Pneumocystis jerovici
C. perfringens
2. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Legionella
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Mononuclear cells
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
3. 70S = 30S + 50S
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
fungal infection examples (3)
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Legionella
4. 37 celsius
H. flu
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
5. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
germination
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
6. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
ASO titer
Vulvuvaginitis
C tetani
7. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
chromosomes in nucleus are...
cytoplasm - definition
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
8. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
E. coli 0157:H7
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
ribosomes - function
9. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
10. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Proteus mirabilis
Gonococci
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
11. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
B cells
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
coccus
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
12. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Treponema
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
13. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Unimmunised kids
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
14. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Yes
15. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
Louis Pasteur
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Cmv
16. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Common cold
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
17. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection
John Needham - experiment
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
18. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Antigen in vaccines
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
19. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Teichoic acid
Bacteria - STD
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Borrelia recurrentis
20. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
smooth ER
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
21. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
C. diff
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
production of beer and wine
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
22. What disease can HSV 2 cause and What is the route of transmission
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
tetanus
Salmonella
E. coli - proteus
23. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Lower lobe
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
24. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
species
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Azithromycin
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
25. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Measles
Pregnant women
100 micrometers
26. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Double zone of hemolysis
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Group B strep - E. coli
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
27. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
B cells
endocytosis...
pseudopodia
Viral gastroenteritis
28. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
Heat labile toxin
HIV - sexual
29. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
30. What diseases can HHV-6 cause and What is the route of transmission
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
gram- negative stain - explanation
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
31. How do dormant tubercle bacilli end up in multiple organs - and what happens
Staph or enteric GNR
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
malaria
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
32. What are the assiaction of pseudomonas and What can it cause
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33. What treatment is required for cholera
Prompt oral rehydration
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Neisseria
34. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Legionella
arrangements of bacteria
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
35. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
Fungi
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
chlamydia
36. traumatic open wound
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Pen
M. kansasii
C. perfringens
37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
S. aureus
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Nematode in undercooked meat
38. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
39. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
cytoplasm - definition
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
S. aureus
40. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Lepromatous
Elementary body
fungi kingdom
molds
41. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Salmonella
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
HBC - hepatitis B
biogenesis
42. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
single- stranded DNA
capsid - definition
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Anaerobes
43. Helical - polyhedral - complex
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
viral shapes
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
44. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Nocardia asteroides
Pseudomonas
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
release (AV)
45. What is the TX for chlamydia
Owl's eye inculsions
Lymph nodes
Azithromycin
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
46. Hairy leukoplakia often on lateral tongue in HIV pos pt
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
EBV
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Does not ferment sorbitol
47. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
peptidoglycan - definition
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Severe pneumonia
48. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Severe bacteremia - death
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
malaria symptoms
49. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
structures of prokaryotic cell
Meningococci
Avain resevoir
Candida
50. PNA in HIV pos pt with CD4 <200
Pneumocystis jerovici
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Pseudomonas
protozoan infections (5)