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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
adsorption (AV)
2. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
Pseudomonas
fungi
differential staining example
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
3. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Klebsiella pneumo
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
4. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
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5. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Rapid cell division
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
6. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
7. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
differential staining example
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Only borrelia
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
8. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Pasteurella multocida
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
9. What are the best serologic markers to detect for active Hep A
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
10. PNA in adults 40 yrs to 65 yrs
bacteriology
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
hypotonic solution
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
11. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
12. How much more frequently do women have UTIs than men - why - and What are predisposing factors
C. perfringens
Beta hemolytic
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
13. What does meningococci cause
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
malaria
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
14. Which DNA virus is not icosahedral
Surfers in the tropics
Pox - complex
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
15. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
release (AV)
16. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
cell wall - function
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Koch's Postulates 1
Beta hemolytic
17. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Between 2 and 18 months
three domains of microorganisms
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
18. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
VZV - chickenpox
flagella
19. What is the nl flora of the colon
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
endospores - definition
Pseudomonas
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
20. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
HIV - malnutrition - death
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Streptococcus mutans
Viral gastroenteritis
21. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Campylocobacter jejuni
virology
S. aureus
22. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
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23. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Paramyxovirus; measles
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Prompt oral rehydration
24. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
glycocalyx - function
Influenza virus - parainfluenza virus - RSV - measles virus - mumps virus - rubella virus - rabies virus - HTLV - HIV
Common cold
lysozyme
25. What is the nl flora in the oropharynx
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Viridans group streptococci
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
specific
26. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
replication (B)
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Staph or enteric GNR
27. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
microaerophilic
28. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Acute/recent infection
Rickettsia rickettsii
tetanus
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
29. fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or rhizopus
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
30. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
Malignant otitis externa
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
M. avium intracellulare
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
31. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
Pseudomonas
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Dipoid RNA
32. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Bartonella sp
Pasteurella multocida
Schistosoma haematobium
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
33. Virus that infects bacteria
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
bacteriophage - definition
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Bat - racoon - skunk
34. Which bacteria have no cell wall
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
uncoating (AV)
chromosome - function
Mycoplasma - have sterols
35. What is the nl flora in the nose
Nocardia asteroides
3 groups in archaea
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
36. Requires presence of oxygen
replication for prokaryotes
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
HEV
aerobic
37. When do you screen pregnant women and What do you treat them with if they are are pos
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Metronidazole
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
38. Which hepatitis causes post - transfusion hepatitis
HCV
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Palivizumab
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
39. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Pasteurella multocida
M. avium intracellulare
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
40. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
special staining of bacteria
C. diptheriae
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
No cell wall
41. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
lipids (fats) =
C tetani
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
42. Which are the enteroviruses
Salpingitis
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Double zone of hemolysis
43. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
spiral
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Streptococcus - staphylococus
44. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
45. How do sporothrix appear on microscopically
Francisella tularenis
Klebsiella granulomatis
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Cigar shaped yeast
46. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
algology
Motility - protein
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
47. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
hyperthermophiles
basic shapes of bacteria
VZV - chickenpox
Salmonella
48. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
49. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
CMV
50. What does gonococi cause
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
taxonomic hierarchy
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis