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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
<30 - military - prisons
Severe pneumonia
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

2. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
N. gono causing gono
taxonomic hierarchy
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Specialized transduction - an excision event

3. How are mucor and rhizopus diagnosed in the lab
Pseudomonas
Legionella
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz

4. Purple
gram- positive stain - color
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

5. What kind of exotoxin does E. coli have and What does it work
complex virus example
Klebsiella
plasmolysis
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea

6. What is the resevoir for chlamydiae psittaci
Avain resevoir
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
ASO titer
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

7. PNA in elderly
adsorption (B)
plasmid - function
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR

8. Smallest living cell - fried egg appearance of colonies - no cell wall - contain sterols in cell membrane - cause walking pneumonia
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
mycoplasma (5) - description
Chlamydia trachomatis

9. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
single- stranded RNA
Measles rubeola - measles
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

10. What does Rubella virus cause
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Pasteurella multocida
HHV 6 - roseola
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

11. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
gram stain - definition
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Robert Koch

12. What is a positive Monospot test
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Weil Felix test
Vagina
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs

13. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
trichomoniasis symptoms
replication (AV)
Resistant
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

14. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
capsid is composed of...
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Lepromatous
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

15. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Clostridium perfringens
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement

16. bloating - flatulence - foul - smelling fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers - infection - transmission - dx - and tx
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Antigen in urine
medical important mycobacteria
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

17. In what population does HCV cause hepaitits
Bacillus anthracis
IVDU
Plasmodium
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

18. variola - lots of spots
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

19. Cell walls - but plants - algae - and fungi have cell walls made of carbohydrates
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Bordetella pertussis
medical important mycobacteria
humans do not have

20. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy
spiral
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Candida and aspergillus

21. What is legionnaires disease
Severe pneumonia
C. diff
glycocalyx - description
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

22. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Elementary body
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope

23. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

24. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
pseudopodia
Shigella
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Bartonella henselae

25. What two toxins does C. diff produce andw What do they do
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus

26. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
double- stranded DNA
Transformation or competence
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Neuraminidase

27. 1765 - experiment - Nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - then heated => no microbial growth
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Candida albicans
Lazzaro Spallanzani

28. Prokaryotes
Clostridium tetani
Actic polymerization
bacteria domain
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome

29. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Pseudomonas
Aseptic meningitis

30. Who typically gets sporothrix

31. What is the pathophys of tinea versicolor
Toxoplasmosis
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

32. What does reverse transcriptase do in HIV
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Prompt oral rehydration

33. What bugs are obligate aerobes
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
<30 - military - prisons
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe

34. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
hypertonic solution
infection process of animal viruses (6)

35. How is chlamydia DX is lab
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Clostridium perfringens
Teichoic acid

36. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Superantigen
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

37. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
spontaneous generation
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
malaria symptoms
glycocalyx - function

38. What can cause food poisoning in meat - maynaisse custard with pre - formed toxin
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
prokaryotes
S. aureus
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

39. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
E. coli

40. Giardia lamblia - attaches to the intestinal cell wall via a sucker disk - causes severe diarrhea - is shed in the feces of wil animals
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Clostridium botulinum
giardia
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)

41. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
H. flu
glycocalyx - description
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome

42. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
bacteria domain

43. Which are the naked viruses
Histoplasmosis
production of beer and wine
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not

44. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
ribosomes - function
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase

45. What kind of exotoxin does C. tetani have and What does it do
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis

46. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
Cell Theory
methanogens
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Legionella

47. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Strep bovis - also group D
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep

48. osteomyelitis after cat and dog bites or scratches
Pasteurella multocida
what envelope contains
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
adsorption (B)

49. What is the TX for sporthrix
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
Proteus mirabilis
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

50. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Koch's Postulates 4
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid