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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does urinary tract infection present
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
chromosomes in nucleus are...
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1

2. PNA in immunCised
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
replication for prokaryotes

3. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
what envelope contains
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

4. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
monera kingdom
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

5. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
uncoating (AV)
All of them
Endosymbiotic Theory
Coagulation cascade - DIC

6. Provides structure
Killed viral vaccine
Trigeminal ganglia
Children
cell wall - function

7. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
virology
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Strep pneumo and viridans
No - erythromycin

8. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Lepromatous

9. The host cell's plasma membrane
Treponema - primary syphillis
oral yeast infections =
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
envelope is composed of...

10. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
gram- negative stain - explanation
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Muramic acid

11. Flu - polio - common cold - rabies - measles (most common)
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Schistosoma mansori
single- stranded RNA
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

12. Problem with food preservation - canning
Specialized transduction - an excision event
botulism
Staph or enteric GNR
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

13. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Mucor or rhizopus
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx

14. What are patients at risk for during infection with influenza virus
Bacterial superinfection
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
humans do not have
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar

15. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
Schistosoma haematobium
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
flagella - function
IgG Anti - HBcAg

16. What organisms stain with silver stain
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
not acid- fast - colo
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis

17. No metabolic activity
S. aureus
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
dormant

18. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Doxycycline
necrosis
malaria prevention
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

19. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
HHV 6 - roseola
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
polyhedral shape - defintion
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections

20. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Cmv

21. What is the presentation of EPEC and What is the mechanism
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
osmotic lysis
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption

22. What does a UTI that ascends to the kidneys result in
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Pyelonephritis - fever - chills flank pain - CVA tenderness - hematuria and WBC casts
Parvo - single stranded

23. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Ancylostoma - necator
HCV
Transformation or competence
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl

24. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Teichoic acid
10 to 12
Posterior cervical lymph nodes

25. This infxn produces a primary chanre - disseminated rash - or cardiac/neurologic dz in mom and can result in stillbirth - hydrops fetalis or surviving neonates have facial abnl (notched teeth - saddle nose - short maxilla) saber shins - org and trans
Streptococcus - staphylococus
R. typhi
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Syphillis - sexual contact

26. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Cyanophora paradoxa
replication (B)
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
eukaryotic organelles (5)

27. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
Enterobacter cloacae
M. tuberculosis
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

28. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
H. flu
Robert Koch
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Influenza virus

29. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Actinomyces and nocardia
humans do not have
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
HBV from needle stick

30. Are there carriers for HDV
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Yes
Guillain barre

31. Gas gangrene - organism grows in tissues which have poor blood supply - toxin kills cells - necrosis
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Klebsiella
Clostridium perfringens
Metronidazole

32. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Bartonella henselae

33. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb

34. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
H flu type B
bacteriophage - definition
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Paramyxovirus; measles

35. meningitis in HIV pos patient with india ink stain revealing yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis

36. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
L1 - L2 - L3
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Meningococci
HAV - RNA picornavirus

37. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
replication for eukaryotes
Trigeminal ganglia
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

38. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Ancylostoma - necator
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Common cold and SARS

39. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
gram stain - definition
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Salpingitis
Mice - deer

40. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Plasmodium
Vulvuvaginitis
Meningococci
pasteurization

41. Leading cause of UTI - colonies show metallic sheen on EMB agar
E. coli
specific
HIV - AIDS
Gardnerella vaginalis

42. rubella - lots of spots
fermentation - definition
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

43. What can cause food poisoning in reheated meat dishes
helical shape - definition
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
C. perfringens

44. What acid is in the spore core
Dipicolinic acid
HHV-6 roseola
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
giardia

45. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
microbiology
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
mitochondria - function
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

46. Related to a fungus
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
myc/myo means
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures

47. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
animal kingdom
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

48. branching rods in oral infection - sulfur granules
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Actinomyces

49. What happens in secondary syphillis
Bat - racoon - skunk
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

50. What feature is unique to shigella
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons