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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Surrounds the capsid in some viruses
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
envelope - definition
Many treponemas
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
2. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
3. Which males have UTIs
monera kingdom
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
taxonomic hierarchy
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
4. yeast - molds - mushrooms
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
fungi kingdom
5. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Borrelia burgdorferi
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Avain resevoir
Bacillus anthracis
6. In which population does most osteomyelitis occur
IVDU
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Children
7. What are the killed viral vaccines
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
E. coli 0157:H7
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
CMV - RSV
8. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
9. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
endocytosis...
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
10. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Metronidazole
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
11. macular rash over the body appears after several days of high fever - usually affects infants - agent and dz
Vagina
HHV 6 - roseola
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
IVDU
12. What treatment is required for cholera
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Pseudomonas
Prompt oral rehydration
13. mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in AIDS - resistant to multiple drugs - cannot be grown in vitro
M. avium intracellulare
Koch's Postulates 2
Lazzaro Spallanzani
C. perfringens
14. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Paragonimus westermani
Killed/inactivated
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
15. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
protista kingdom
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
16. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Guillain barre
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
When nutriets are limited
17. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
18. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
19. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
capsid - function
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Reoviridae - rotavirus
20. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Rubella
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
21. Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms - what bacteria and where do you normally find it
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
22. PNA in immunCised
five fields of microbiology
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
23. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Pregnant women
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
24. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
biogenesis
HIV - malnutrition - death
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Dipoid RNA
25. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
algae characteristics (3)
26. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
27. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found
28. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
HHV 6 - roseola
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Superantigen
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
29. What is the presentation of EIEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
lysozyme
Aseptic meningitis
30. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
Dipoid RNA
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
31. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
John Needham
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Weil Felix test
32. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
33. What OI/disease occurs in the eyes of AIDS pts
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Pregnant women
CMV retinitis
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
34. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial spore
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
spiral - spirillum
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
35. What does M protein do - who has it
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
36. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
eukaryotes
37. Pairs
Motility - protein
arrangements - diplo
Nematode in undercooked meat
Salpingitis
38. Substance inside the plasma membrane (80% water)
cytoplasm - definition
special staining of bacteria
HHV-8 - KS
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
39. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Metronidazole
Paracoccidioidomycosis
plasmid - definition
endospores
40. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
spontaneous generation
Reoviridae - rotavirus
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
41. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
42. Are there carriers for HDV
Yes
Heat labile toxin
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
43. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
histoplasmosis
E. coli - proteus
44. Bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
monera kingdom
gram stain - definition
mycology
45. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Virbrio cholera
Klebsiella
five kingdoms of microorganisms
ribosomes - function
46. Antiviral drugs exist but are usually very ____
specific
Staph or H. flu
Chronic disease - positive during window period
algae characteristics (3)
47. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
ribosomes - function
what peptidoglycan is composed of
No envelope
48. How is Hfr made
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
viral shapes
Robert Hooke
Actic polymerization
49. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture
50. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
giardia
Clonorchis sinensis
Only humoral - stable
Spikes