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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In who does HEV have high mortality
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Pregnant women
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Transformation or competence
2. What does VDRL detect - what it is used for and What are the limitations
Rifampin
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Entertoxigenic E. coli
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
3. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
S. aureus
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
Influenza virus
4. 10 - 100 micrometers
histoplasmosis
adsorption (B)
Toxoid vaccine
eukaryotes
5. How many segments in influenza virus and to what family does it belong
Chronic disease - positive during window period
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Strep pneumo and viridans
special staining of bacteria
6. genital warts and koilocytes - org and dz
Acute/recent infection
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
adsorption (AV)
7. What happens when endotoxin activates the complement pathway
Beta hemolytic
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Endosymbiotic Theory
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
8. What are neoplasms associated with HIV
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9. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life (what we know is true)
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Bacteria - STD
icosahedron
biogenesis
10. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
double- stranded DNA
Muramic acid
mycoplasma (5) - description
11. Many sided; most common is icosahedron
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
polyhedral shape - defintion
12. What are the signs of neurosyphillis
Rapid cell division
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
13. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Robert Hooke
14. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB
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15. Which are the herpesviruses
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
16. Endospores get into deep puncture wounds - make puncture wounds bleed (oxygen)
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Protein A - S. aureus
smooth ER
tetanus
17. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
yeast
Serratia marcescens
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
18. What s. aureus infection is an imporant cause of serious nosocomial and community- acquired infections
structures of prokaryotic cell
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Meningococci
19. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Crohns or appendicitis
Legionella
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
20. What kind of exotoxin does b. anthracis have
Muramic acid
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
21. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Yeast - protazoan
anaerobic
Schistosoma mansori
22. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Campylocobacter jejuni
Superantigen
microbiology
23. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Ring enhancing brain lesions
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
24. What are the lab findings in gardnerella
plasmid - definition
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
25. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
C. botulinum
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
chlamydia
Does not ferment sorbitol
26. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
R. prowazekii
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
27. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
ASO titer
28. 1861 - Disproved spontaneous generation to everyone's satisfaction by demonstrating that microorganisms are present in the air
algology
Louis Pasteur
Brucella sp
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
29. neutropenic pts
Candida and aspergillus
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Children
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
30. Toxic effect with oysters and mollusks
red tide
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
basic shapes of bacteria
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
31. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host
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32. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
what envelope contains
protozoan infections (5)
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
33. Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids
golgi complex - function
gram- positive cell wall
Francisella tularenis
plasmolysis
34. When is the AIDS dx made
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Vagina
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
35. Prevents contraction of muscles
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
flaccid paralysis
replication for eukaryotes
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
36. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
Spikes
prokaryotes
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
37. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
S. aureus
importance of microorganisms
Bordetella pertussis
38. burns or air
Streptococcus mutans
Pseudomonas
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
39. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
gram- positive stain - explanation
Campylobacter
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
oxygen requirements of bacteria
40. How is Hfr made
Cryptococcus neoformans
assembly (AV)
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
41. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Pseudomonas
interferon
Reassortment
42. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
adsorption (AV)
Actinomyces israeli
60%; viruses
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
43. Cell is in a hypertonic solution and cytoplasm shrinks
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
chromosome - description
plasmolysis
bacteriophage - definition
44. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Yersinia pestis
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
fimbriae - function
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
45. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
facultative
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
Pseudomonas
46. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Recombination
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
47. In who do you see meningitis from h flu type b
Unimmunised kids
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Measles
arrangements - diplo
48. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Group B strep - E. coli
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Chlamydia trachomatis
49. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
H flu type B
Staph make it - strep don't
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
50. Spiral
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
spiral - spirillum
virus example
Staph or H. flu
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