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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. surgical wound
S. aureus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Mucor or rhizopus
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

2. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Paragonimus westermani
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

3. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
trichomoniasis...
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Tetracycline or erythromycin

4. What color is the sputum in klebsiella infxn an besides pneumonia - what else can it cause
glycocalyx - function
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI

5. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
E. coli - proteus
Bartonella sp
flagella

6. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Salmonella
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species

7. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Resistant
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits

8. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Yersinia enterocolitica
Elevated CRP and ESR
special staining of bacteria

9. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
Protein A - S. aureus
ABC
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

10. What does adenovirus cause
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
John Needham
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)

11. What is the TX for sporthrix
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
Recombination
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Fungi

12. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
gram- negative cell wall
Bacillus anthracis
humans do not have
Protozoan - a TORCH infection

13. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Mumps virus - mumps
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

14. This infection has a variable presentation in mom - and can cause recurrent infection and chronic diarrhea in the neonate - org and transmission
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
HIV - sexual
M. pneumoniae
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

15. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Gallbladder
tetanus
osmotic lysis
basic shapes of bacteria

16. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
malaria symptoms
protozoa (3)
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin

17. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Koch's Postulates 4
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)

18. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
fermentation - definition
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Lower lobe

19. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Metronidazole
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel

20. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
flagella - function
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
smooth ER

21. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Actinomyces and nocardia
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
S. epidermidis

22. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
single- stranded DNA
HHV-6 roseola
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Ingestion of preformed toxin

23. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
S. aureus
Chlamydia trachomatis

24. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
CMV - RSV
M. avium intracellulare
Salpingitis

25. Structure unique to some bacteria
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Metronidazole
endospores
Streptococcus - staphylococus

26. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
capsid - definition
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Vulvuvaginitis

27. What is the TX for gardnerella
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Plasmodium
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
Metronidazole

28. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Double zone of hemolysis
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
staining of bacteria

29. HaemoPhilus causes....
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

30. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
penetration (AV)
E. Coli
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

31. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Reassortment
Does not ferment sorbitol
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts

32. What organisms stain with PAS

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33. Trichomonas
flagella
lipids (fats) =
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
HBV from needle stick

34. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Immediately upon exposure
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

35. What are the signs of viral hepatitis
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
rough ER
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
E. Coli

36. 80S = 60S + 40S
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
gram- positive stain - color
botulism
peptidoglycan - definition

37. What does polyomavirus cause
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Candida albicans
Francisella tularenis

38. Strict anaerobes that produce methane from CO2 and H
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
methanogens
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)

39. Allgin and carrageenan
food thickeners
chromosomes in nucleus are...
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

40. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Teichoic acid
plant kingdom
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG

41. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
endospores are resistant to (4)
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
capsid - definition

42. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Francesco Redi
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
icosahedron

43. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to micorbicidal products by the enzyme myeloperoxidase
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement

44. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
staining of bacteria
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Actinomyces isreallii

45. Can be DNA or RNA - never both
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
nucleic acid
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

46. Nutrient broth placed in flask - heated - not sealed => microbial growth; nutrient broth placed in flask - sealed - and heated => no microbial growth
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
100 micrometers
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Louis Pasteur - experiment

47. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Paragonimus westermani
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
special staining of bacteria
Rickettsia rickettsii

48. ____ do no treat viral infections
acid- fast - color
replication for eukaryotes
Parvoviridae
antibiotics

49. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV

50. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Aseptic meningitis
prokaryotes
Lower lobe

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Microbiology

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