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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Clonorchis sinensis

2. Size - cell structure - replication
arrangements - staphylo
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

3. painful genital ulcer - inguinal adenopathy- org and dz
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Acid fast organisms
spiral - spirillum
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid

4. All the material from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane - contains cytosol which is the liquid portion and cytoskeleton which are the internal structures
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
what many pathogenic fungi are
cytoplasm - definition
algology

5. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
lysozyme
acid- fast organism - definition
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

6. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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7. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Meningococci
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Antigen in urine

8. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Meningococci
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

9. What is the pathophys of mucor
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
Anti - HAVAb IgM

10. Study of viruses
virology
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Strep pneumo and viridans
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

11. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Doxycycline
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant

12. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
endoplasmic reticulum - definition

13. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Avain resevoir
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells

14. Histoplasmosis
single- stranded RNA
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability

15. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
how many degrees celsius for mold?
chromosome - function
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size

16. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
smooth ER
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

17. Who typically gets sporothrix

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18. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
histoplasmosis
Klebsiella pneumo
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

19. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
Cholesterol
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
M. kansasii

20. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Serratia
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis

21. What cell wall structures are common to both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane

22. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Resistant
Sporothrix schenckii

23. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
lysis
dormant
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation

24. perianal pruritis - parasite
Enterobius
dormant
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Staph saprophyticus

25. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
endospores - definition
motility of bacteria

26. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Klebsiella granulomatis
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
food thickeners
D- K

27. Protein synthesis
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
ribosomes - function
they are eukaryotes
Protein A - S. aureus

28. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
specific
Metronidazole

29. fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or rhizopus
Borrelia burgdorferi
staining of bacteria
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain

30. Tissue died
mitochondria - function
gas gangrene
Avain resevoir
Antigen associated with core of HBV

31. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Salmonella
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Lower lobe
Antigen in urine

32. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis

33. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
C tetani
Pseudomonas

34. What is the TX for sporthrix
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

35. yeast and mold
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
D- K

36. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Actinomyces israeli
histoplasmosis
protista kingdom
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

37. What is the nl flora of the colon
specialized flagella
10%; viral
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Klebsiella

38. hemoptysis - parasite
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Paragonimus westermani

39. All living things are composed of cells
Cell Theory
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
cilia - function
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

40. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
eukaryotic organelles (5)
flagella - function
Rifampin

41. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Ancylostoma - necator
bacteriology
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
3 groups in archaea

42. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Elementary body
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
osmotic pressure
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______

43. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
basic shapes of bacteria
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

44. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
cell wall - function
N. gono causing gono

45. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin

46. Allows bacterial cells to attach to surfaces - helps prevent phagocytosis
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Surfers in the tropics
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
glycocalyx - function

47. What bug grows on bordet - genou (potato) agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
Bordetella pertussis
Theory of Biogenesis
Rifampin

48. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
histoplasmosis
adsorption (AV)
PCR/Viral load
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors

49. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
replication for eukaryotes
Cryptosporidium
Ingestion of preformed toxin
release (AV)

50. Lytic phage infects bacterium - cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viral proteins - parts of bacterial chromosome may become packaged in viral capsid
Koch's Postulates 4
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
five fields of microbiology
Generalized transduction - a packaging event