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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
E. coli - proteus
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
gas gangrene
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract

2. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
anaerobic
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

3. Osteomyelitis in most people is caused from
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
S. aureus
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

4. What are the lab findings for H pylori
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Vulvuvaginitis
S. aureus

5. What causes typhus - tricky Ts
aerobic
release (B)
algae characteristics (3)
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi

6. Blue - green pigment and fruity odor - usually nosocomial and drug resistant cause of UTI
endospores - definition
uncoating (AV)
ribosomes - function
Pseudomonas

7. hematuria - bladder cancer - parasite
amoebic dynsentry
Schistosoma haematobium
Pen
Syphillis - sexual contact

8. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Legionella
Cell Theory

9. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Dipoid RNA
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Yersinia pestis

10. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum

11. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Rabies
eukaryotic organelles (5)
red tide

12. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Measles rubeola - measles
Bacterial superinfection

13. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
virus example

14. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
glycocalyx - function
Actinomyces isreallii
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Metabolic activity without division

15. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
Common cold and SARS
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Rickettsia rickettsii
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not

16. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Rifampin
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
protista kingdom

17. currant jelly sputum
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Klebsiella
Chronic disease - positive during window period

18. microcytic anemia - parasite
molds
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
acid- fast - color
Ancylostoma - necator

19. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
basic shapes of bacteria
Pregnant women
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome

20. Which nematodes infect through the skin
Parvo - single stranded
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
spontaneous generation

21. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Salmonella
Mononuclear cells
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C

22. fungal infection in diabetic
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Mucor or rhizopus
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts

23. What is Anti - HBeAg
Capsid protein
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
When nutriets are limited

24. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
replication for eukaryotes
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Unimmunised kids

25. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Clindamycin or ampicillin
chloroplasts - function

26. Mycology - bacteriology - virology - algology - protozoology
protozoology
D- K
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
five fields of microbiology

27. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Actinomyces isreallii
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
Anti - HAVAb IgM
E. coli 0157:H7

28. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Nucleus - except parvovirus
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

29. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
fungi
Mumps virus - mumps
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Ingestion of preformed toxin

30. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Campylocobacter jejuni
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

31. Simple - special - and differential
ribosomes - function
staining of bacteria
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Koch's Postulates 2

32. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Coagulation cascade - DIC
L1 - L2 - L3

33. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
Pseudomonas
All of them
Sacral ganglia
Metronidazole

34. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
flagella - function

35. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Actinomyces isreallii
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
B. cereus
rickettsia

36. TB like dz in HIV pos pt with CD4 < 50
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Anti - HAVAb IgM

37. Which nematodes are ingested
differential staining of bacteria
production of beer and wine
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

38. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
3 groups in archaea
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses

39. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
Pseudomonas
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
HEV
histoplasmosis

40. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
red algae make

41. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
rough ER
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Bat - racoon - skunk

42. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
mycoplasma (5) - description
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

43. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
arrangements of bacteria
Muramic acid
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel

44. What does poxvirus cause

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45. What OI/disease occurs in the brain of AIDS pts
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
M. kansasii
bacillus

46. trematode causing inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung with hemoptysis - org - transmission - tx
Rabies
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
No envelope

47. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)

48. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
actinomycetes (3) - description
Group B strep
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

49. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
Cyanophora paradoxa
humans do not have
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome

50. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Cyanophora paradoxa
PCR/Viral load
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion