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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
malaria
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
protozoa (3)

2. Cyst with four nuclei
Entamoeba hisotlytica
gram- positive stain - color
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane

3. yeast infection
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
candidiasis
Rabies
Antigen in vaccines

4. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
icosahedron
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
All of them

5. which viruses are kind of diploid and What are the others
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva

6. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Rubella - respiratory droplets
Clindamycin or ampicillin
adsorption (AV)
Rose gardner's

7. What bacteria in particular have the ability to transform
pili - function
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Gonococci
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria

8. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Specialized transduction - an excision event
gram- negative cell wall
Elevated CRP and ESR

9. which mycobacterium is also pulmonary with TB- like symptoms and not M. tuberculosis
interferon
Salmonella
Measles rubeola - measles
M. kansasii

10. What does papillomovirus cause
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
gram- negative stain - color
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
motility of bacteria

11. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
cell membrane - definition
Vulvuvaginitis
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

12. What bug grows on tellurite plate - lofflers media
Koch's Postulates 1
C. diptheriae
mycoplasma (5) - description
Palivizumab

13. what bug grows blue black colonies on eosin - methylene blue agar with metallic sheen
E. Coli
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

14. What is S. aureus food poisoning due to...
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
Ingestion of preformed toxin

15. Requires absence of oxygen
Pen
H flu type B
anaerobic
eukarya domain

16. Prefers less oxygen than the levels found in the atmosphere
Actinomyces
Klebsiella
uncoating (AV)
microaerophilic

17. What viruses make up the arena virus family
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
replication (B)

18. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
100 micrometers
spiral
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR

19. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
R. prowazekii
Dipoid RNA
differential staining example

20. protozoa causing spiking fevers - hepatosplenomegaly - pancytopenia - dz - org - transmission - dx - tx
importance of microorganisms
100 micrometers
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate

21. What 3 pathways does endotoxin activate
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
genus
Yersinia pestis

22. What is the treatment for c. diff infection
Actinomyces israeli
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
envelope is composed of...
Metronidazole

23. Severe diarrhea in AIDS - mild disease with watery diarrhea in immunoCtent - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Pox - complex
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid

24. What does Rubella virus cause
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Children
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
glycocalyx - description

25. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
HBC - hepatitis B
gram- positive stain - explanation
microaerophilic

26. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Type B protease IgA
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Pneumoniae and psittaci

27. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

28. 1 - 10 micrometers
prokaryotes
Viridans group streptococci
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
acid- fast - color

29. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Yersinia pestis

30. What does echovirus do
endospores - definition
Aseptic meningitis
Genetic shift - pandemic
species

31. What are the gram pos bacilli
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
CMV
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Bartonella henselae

32. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
endospores are resistant to (4)
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis

33. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

34. What kind of exotoxin does corneybacterium have and What does it do
Giardia - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
capsid - function

35. What toxigenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
five kingdoms of microorganisms

36. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-

37. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Cryptococcus neoformans
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

38. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Clonorchis sinensis
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Francesco Redi - experiment

39. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Antigen in urine
Plasmodium
mycoplasma (5) - description

40. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
facultative
Francesco Redi
C. diptheriae
C. diff

41. Entamoeba histolytica - spread to humans through contaminated food or water - feeds on tissue in the gastrointestinal tract
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Pasteurella multocida
HIV - malnutrition - death
amoebic dynsentry

42. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Measles rubeola - measles
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

43. Nutrient broth - heated - and then placed in sealed flask => microbial growth
Starts quickly and ends quickly
red tide
John Needham - experiment
Yersinia enterocolitica

44. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
Meningococci
Visceral leishmaniasis - donovani - sandly - macrophages containing amastigotes (lack flagella) - sodium stibogluconate
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Sporothrix schenckii

45. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
PCR/Viral load

46. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
glycocalyx - description
Nematode in undercooked meat
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

47. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
chemical synthesis...
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis

48. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
medical important mycobacteria

49. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
C tetani
viruses
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

50. What is the treatment for rickettsiae
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
malaria symptoms
acid- fast organism - definition
Doxycycline