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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Patient serum mixed with proteus antigen - and anti - rickettsial antibodies cross react to proteus O antigen and agglutinate
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
E. Coli
Nematode in undercooked meat
Weil Felix test
2. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Malignant otitis externa
3. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
trichomoniasis symptoms
osmotic pressure
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Toxoid vaccine
4. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
rickettsia
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
antibiotics
Clostridium botulinum
5. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
double- stranded DNA
Vulvuvaginitis
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
dormant
6. What features are common to both salmonella and shigella
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
DNA hepadnavirus
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
animal kingdom
7. Newborn nursery is a risk factor For what nosocomial infections
Actic polymerization
Calicivirus - picornavirus - reovirus - parvovirus - adenovirus - papilloma - polyoma
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
CMV - RSV
8. Pairs
glycocalyx - description
Cigar shaped yeast
staining of bacteria
arrangements - diplo
9. Contains genetic material
Gallbladder
chromosome - function
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
Genetic drift - epidemic
10. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
gram- positive stain - explanation
chromosomes in nucleus are...
malaria prevention
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
11. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
Protozoan - STD
12. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host
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13. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
rough ER
Pox - complex
specialized flagella
penetration (B)
14. nematode causing intestinal infection - vomiting - diarrhea - anemia - org - transmission - tx
plasmid - function
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
15. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Plasmodium
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
Rose gardner's
16. Is pneumocystis a fungus or a protazoan
Yeast - protazoan
Chlamydia trachomatis
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
flagella - function
17. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Muramic acid
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Candida albicans
Borrelia recurrentis
18. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
HBV
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
differential staining of bacteria
19. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Pseudomonas
biogenesis
replication for prokaryotes
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
20. Help bacteria to attach to one another
Double zone of hemolysis
pili - function
CD4 less than or equal to 200 - or HIV pos with AIDS defining conditino like pneumocytsis jerovici or a CD4/CD8 < 1.5
Pen
21. intestinal nematode can cause anemia by sucking blood from the intestinal walls - orgs - transmission - tx
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
10%; viral
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
malaria prevention
22. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
23. A natural antiviral protein produced during viral infection which stops replication of virus
interferon
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Actinomyces
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
24. Thrush
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
oral yeast infections =
VZV - chickenpox
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
25. Ability to move via flagella
viral shapes
Azithromycin
motility of bacteria
candidiasis
26. 25 celsius
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
fungal infection examples (3)
how many degrees celsius for mold?
IVDU
27. A waxy substance that retains carbolfuchsin
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
No envelope
mycolic acid - definition
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
28. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
cytoplasm - definition
osmotic lysis
29. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
No - erythromycin
Clostridium botulinum
30. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Francesco Redi - experiment
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Legionella
Actic polymerization
31. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
taxonomic hierarchy
32. What is in pneumovax
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Paramyxovirus; measles
cilia
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
33. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin
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34. What is a positive Monospot test
D- K
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
flagella
35. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Mumps virus - mumps
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
arrangements - strepto...
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
36. How do you treat lyme disease
Severe pneumonia
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
37. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
Legionella
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
ribosomes - function
38. What specific infections are likely to be staph aureus
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
Starts quickly and ends quickly
food industry
39. Where do RNA viruses replicate
uncoating (AV)
endospores are resistant to (4)
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Smallpox - yellow fever - VZV - Sabin's polio virus - MMR
40. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Francisella tularenis
<30 - military - prisons
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
41. Where do HSV2 cells remain latent
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Palivizumab
Sacral ganglia
42. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces isreallii
malaria symptoms
endocytosis...
taxonomic hierarchy
43. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
food industry
Klebsiella pneumo
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
44. How does urinary tract infection present
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
45. What species producing bloody diarrhea has a serotype O157:H7 - can cause HUS and makes shiga like toxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Borrelia burgdorferi
Legionella
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
46. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
protista kingdom
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
47. varicella - lots of spots
No - erythromycin
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
48. What bug grows on eaton's agar
Louis Pasteur
Gonococci
M. pneumoniae
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
49. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Entamoeba hisotlytica
50. produces tetanospas an exotoxin causing tetanus
Yeast - protazoan
amoebic dynsentry
C tetani
Protozoan - STD
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