SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
chemical synthesis...
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
2. Tissue died
gas gangrene
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
3. Some strains of this organism causing UTI produce red pigment - they are often nosocomial and drug resistant
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
When nutriets are limited
Double zone of hemolysis
Serratia marcescens
4. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
C. perfringens
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Negative
5. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
helical shape - definition
Mycobacterium
cell membrane - definition
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
6. What 3 things cause rash on palms and soles
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Measles
Double zone of hemolysis
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
7. What does listeria infection cause
Salmonella
Clostridia
Pseudomonas
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
8. Other than thrush and vaginitis - What are the other clinical manifestations or candidiasis
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
Motility - protein
Oral and esophageal thrush
9. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Tellurite agar
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
10. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
11. cestode causing B12 deficiency and anemia - org - transmission - tx
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Unimmunised kids
Clostridium perfringens
12. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
13. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Meningococci
Beta hemolytic
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
14. Why aren't naked viruses destroyed in the gut (A and E)
Mucor or rhizopus
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
No envelope
15. Capsid is put around nucleic acid
what many pathogenic fungi are
Common cold and SARS
assembly (AV)
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
16. What does Anti HBcAg (IgG) indicate
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Chronic disease - positive during window period
E. coli 0157:H7
17. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Gallbladder
18. What viruses make up the PaRaMyxovirus family and What do they do
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Bat - racoon - skunk
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
19. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Avain resevoir
complex virus example
C. perfringens
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
20. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
necrosis
Salmonella
mitochondria - function
21. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
pasteurization
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
capsid - definition
22. Cell walls contain mycolic acid
acid- fast organism - definition
3 groups in archaea
Mycoplasma - have sterols
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
23. What is the clinical picture of rheumatic fever
24. What sugars do the various neisseria bacteria ferment and what enzyme do they both produce
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
MeninGococci - maltose and glucose - Gonococci - only glucose - both produce IgA protease
prokaryotes
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
25. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease
26. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
differential staining example
production of beer and wine
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
27. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
28. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
algology
Recombination
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
M. kansasii
29. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
protista kingdom
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis
30. 3rd leading cause of UTI - large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Klebsiella pneumo
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
31. How many serologic type of rhinovirus are there and What can destroy it
anaerobic
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Negative
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
32. tissue nematode causing skin inflammation and ulceration - org - transmission - tx
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Doxycycline
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
candidiasis
33. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
CMV
they are eukaryotes
Actinomyces and nocardia
34. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Coagulation cascade - DIC
trichomoniasis symptoms
E. coli - proteus
35. What species causing bloody or watery diarrhea produces a pseudomembranous colitis
Surfers in the tropics
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
C. diff
E. coli
36. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
lysis
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
37. How is chlamydia DX is lab
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Type B protease IgA
38. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Gonococci
flagella - function
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
what peptidoglycan is composed of
39. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
endospores are resistant to (4)
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
40. Which bacteris do not gram stain well because there is no cell wall
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Mycoplasma
plasmolysis
Bacterial superinfection
41. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
Weil Felix test
S - definition
42. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
prokaryotes
ABC
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death
43. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Strep bovis - also group D
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
44. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Severe bacteremia - death
Antigen in urine
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
45. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
rickettsia
Lymph nodes
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
46. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
E. Coli
smooth ER
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
47. How is treponema visualized
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Dark field microscopy
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
48. Opportunistic infections - KS - lymphoma - orga and dz
HIV - AIDS
histoplasmosis
glycocalyx - function
HHV-6 roseola
49. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Salpingitis
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Actinomyces israeli
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
50. The mild heating of a substance to kill spoilage organisms (bacteria)
pasteurization
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema