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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the treatment for tinea versicolor
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
2. What is the nl flora in the nose
Mice - deer
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
3. Eukarya - bacteria - and archaea
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
three domains of microorganisms
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
4. Sick cell trait
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
germination
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
5. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
bacillus
giardia
100 micrometers
6. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
Measles rubeola - measles
Paragonimus westermani
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
7. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Avain resevoir
8. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Killed viral vaccine
algae characteristics (3)
H. pylori
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
9. What features are unique to salmonella
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
10. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
11. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Killed viral vaccine
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
endospores are formed via
Francesco Redi
12. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
13. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Doxycycline
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
C. perfringens
14. What is in pneumovax
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Robert Koch
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
15. How does toxoplasmosis appear on CT/MRI in HIV pts
Transformation or competence
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
Ring enhancing brain lesions
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
16. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
histoplasmosis
John Needham - experiment
food industry
17. How is treponema visualized
Dark field microscopy
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
plasmid - definition
Clostridium tetani
18. parotitis - meningitis - orchitis or oophoritis in young adults - agent and dz
H. flu
Mumps virus - mumps
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
19. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
Measles
algae characteristics (3)
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Syphillis - sexual contact
20. How is the presumptive HIV diagnosis made
ELISA test is sensitive but high false pos rates and low threshold - RULE OUT test - pos test are confirmed with western blot - High false neg - high threshold
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
21. What can cause food poisoning in poultry - meat and eggs
HCV
mycolic acid - definition
Salmonella
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
22. Contains genetic material
Francisella tularenis
Anaerobes
chromosome - function
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
23. What does parainfluenza cause
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Croup - seal like barking cough
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
S. epidermidis
24. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
chromosomes in nucleus are...
pili - function
F+ plasmid can become incorportated into bacterial chromosome DNA
25. What components make up the naked icosahedral viral structure
Candida
spontaneous generation
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
26. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
spiral - spirillum
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Proteus mirabilis
Elementary body
27. Acetone - alcohol - antibiotics
chemical synthesis...
John Needham - experiment
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
viruses
28. Apiration PNA - orgs
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Anaerobes
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
29. Tissue died
replication (AV)
gas gangrene
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Transformation or competence
30. What are the top bugs for PID and what distinguishes them
histoplasmosis
Attachment to host T cell
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
31. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Clostridium botulinum
antibiotics
Does not ferment sorbitol
Influenza virus
32. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Vulvuvaginitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
lysozyme
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
33. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
spontaneous generation example
34. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
35. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
eukaryotic organelles - definition
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
HEV
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
36. What is diptheria exotoxin coded by and What does it do
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Beta hemolytic
Common cold
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
37. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
VZV - chickenpox
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
38. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
rickettsia
endospores are formed via
food industry
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
39. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Malignant otitis externa
40. When is H flu vaccine give
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Type B protease IgA
Between 2 and 18 months
Elevated CRP and ESR
41. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
42. What does aspergillus cause
43. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
replication (B)
gram- negative cell wall
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Legionella
44. taenia solium - tricky Ts
arrangements - staphylo
Nematode in undercooked meat
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
45. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Pregnant women
Proteus mirabilis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
HBV
46. What are spores highly resistant to - and What can be done to overcome it
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
47. Postviral PNA
flaccid paralysis
Staph or H. flu
Owl's eye inculsions
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
48. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
S. aureus
No - erythromycin
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
49. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
fungal infection examples (3)
Dipicolinic acid
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
50. In what instance does primary TB become progressive lung disease and what happens
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Chlamydia trachomatis
Reoviridae - rotavirus
HIV - malnutrition - death