Test your basic knowledge |

Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. usage of which Abx can lead to c diff.
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
HEV
Clindamycin or ampicillin
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea

2. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
protozoa (3)
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
smooth ER
Cmv

3. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Azithromycin
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema

4. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
C. botulinum
Elementary body
endospores are resistant to (4)

5. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Borrelia burgdorferi
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata

6. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Nematode in undercooked meat
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
Bartonella henselae
ribosomes - function

7. PNA in CF - burn
flagella - function
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
how many degrees celsius for mold?
Pseudomonas

8. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Staph or enteric GNR
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Treponema
Toxoid vaccine

9. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
Klebsiella
lipids (fats) =
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

10. What does meningococci cause
Klebsiella pneumo
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Pneumoniae and psittaci

11. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
plasmid - function
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

12. Of the serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause lymphogranuloma venereum
Envelope proteins
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Campylobacter
L1 - L2 - L3

13. What does coronavirus do
Common cold and SARS
ribosomes - function
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Cmv

14. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
No cell wall
Only humoral - stable
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

15. surgical wound
S. aureus
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
L1 - L2 - L3
double- stranded RNA

16. What are the serum markers of Chronic hep B with low infectivity
eukaryotes
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
HAV - RNA picornavirus

17. What kind of exotoxin does bordetella pertussis have and What does it do
Antigen in urine
Double zone of hemolysis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis

18. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Yes
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Vagina

19. trematode causing inflammation of the biliary tract leading to pigmented gallstones - org - transmission - associated cancer - tx
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)

20. What are agryll roberston pupils
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep

21. Vesciular rash on palms and soles with ulcers in oral mucosa - agent and dz
Syphillis - sexual contact
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Treponema
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz

22. Where do CMV cells remain latent
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Mononuclear cells
protozoa (3)
differential staining example

23. Filled six jars with decaying meat; three covered jars => no maggots; three uncovered jars => maggots
H. pylori
Francesco Redi - experiment
differential staining example
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine

24. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Enterobacter cloacae
Staph or H. flu
Ancylostoma - necator
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)

25. What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
special staining of bacteria
Theory of Biogenesis
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel

26. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
taxonomic hierarchy
Borrelia burgdorferi
M. tuberculosis
infection process of animal viruses (6)

27. What happens in stage 1 of lyme disease
Proteus mirabilis
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
Capsid protein
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

28. varicella - lots of spots
gram- negative stain - color
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants

29. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Does not ferment sorbitol
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
L1 - L2 - L3

30. What bacteria causes Lyme disease - How is transmitted - How does it present - and what other systems does it effect
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
double- stranded DNA
EBV
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis

31. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Rapid cell division
Teichoic acid
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

32. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Silver stain
Pregnant women
Negative
fermentation - definition

33. Plague - flea bite - rodents esp prarie dogs
Yersinia pestis
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
hypotonic solution
Only humoral - stable

34. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
Francesco Redi
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma

35. Unimmunized child with pharyngitis - grayish oropharyngeal pseudomembrane which can obstruct the airway - painful throat
C. diptheriae
HHV-8 - KS
Entamoeba histolytica
simple staining of bacteria

36. Lowercase/italics or underlined
species
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Genetic shift - pandemic

37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
Clostridia
Wound and burn infectinos - Pneumonia in CF - sepsis - external otitis (swimmer's ear) - UTI - drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub follculitis

38. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
Campylocobacter jejuni
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves

39. variola - lots of spots
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Salmonella
protista kingdom

40. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Mucor or rhizopus
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Salpingitis
plasmolysis

41. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

42. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
cell membrane - definition
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

43. What is the technique to visualize treponema
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
virus example
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
glycocalyx - function

44. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 200
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
100 micrometers
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

45. What does rhinovirus do
Nocardia asteroides
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
Common cold
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

46. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
trichomoniasis...
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Many treponemas
Diploid - retroviruses - 2 ssRNA molecules - all others are haploid

47. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 400
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
nucleus
Lower lobe

48. What is the difference in mechanism between cholera - pertussis and E. coli with anthrax
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Antigen associated with core of HBV
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

49. bilateral bells palsy
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Borrelia burgdorferi
specific
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH

50. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mice - deer