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Microbiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Sporothrix schenckii
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
double- stranded RNA

2. What diseases can EBV cause and What is the route of transmission

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3. They grow better in acidic environments - are more resistant to osmotic pressure (can tolerate high sugar and salt concentrations) - can better tolerate low moisture - can digest more complex carbohydrates - require less nitrogen
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

4. 70S = 30S + 50S
Strep pneumo and viridans
arrangements of bacteria
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
endospores - definition

5. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
Meningococci
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
spiral

6. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
cytoplasm - definition
Klebsiella
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

7. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
S. aureus
Elevated CRP and ESR
Starts quickly and ends quickly
chromosome - function

8. Pleomorphic gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
Gardnerella vaginalis
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
N. gono causing gono
Toxplasmosis

9. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Bartonella henselae
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Lactose fermenting enterics
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus

10. Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
HBC - hepatitis B
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)
Serratia marcescens

11. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
release (B)
Bartonella sp
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Candida

12. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Actic polymerization
HBV
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
No cell wall

13. trophozoite ring form in RBC
Weil Felix test
Plasmodium
Neisseria
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

14. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Pseudomonas
Ancylostoma - necator

15. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
helical shape - definition
VZV - chickenpox
Ingestion of preformed toxin

16. What is the lab diagnosis of C. dipetheria
Vagina
Gram pos rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg

17. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
Strep pneumo and viridans
Mycobacterium
Viral gastroenteritis
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

18. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts
Neisseria
Mycobacterium
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)

19. burns or air
Mononuclear cells
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
C. perfringens
Pseudomonas

20. Size - cell structure - replication
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Mycobacterium

21. How do group B strep respond to bacitracin
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Resistant
facultative

22. What are the three forms of prion diesase
algae characteristics (3)
HDV
Sporadic - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease - rapidly progressive dementia; inheritid - Gerstmann - Straussler - Scheinker syndrome; or acquired (kuru)
Streptococcus mutans

23. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter - a 'vital force' forms life
penetration (B)
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Fungi
spontaneous generation

24. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Actinomyces israeli
Type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein
viral shapes

25. All living things are composed of cells
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Cell Theory
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather

26. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
malaria
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia

27. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

28. Provides structure
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
cell wall - function
capsid is composed of...
Nocardia asteroides

29. What are the two forms for chlamydiae
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
PCR/Viral load
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Palivizumab

30. Cell bursts when cell wall is weak or damaged and is in a hypotonic solution
osmotic lysis
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
cell membrane - definition

31. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
oral yeast infections =
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively

32. Adsorption - penetration - uncoating - replication - assembly - release
Bacterial superinfection
HCV
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES

33. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Teichoic acid
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

34. What components make up the enveloped icosahedral viral structure
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Malignant otitis externa
specialized flagella
what peptidoglycan is composed of

35. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure
Rubella german measles
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Actinomyces isreallii

36. What is the most invasive H flu disease caused by and what virulence factor does it produce
Type B protease IgA
prokaryotes
Mycobacterium
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma

37. How endospores return to metabolizing cells when environmental conditions are better (food and water present)
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
Silver stain
germination
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS

38. Brain abscesses in HIV - classic triad of chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - dz - transmission - dx - and tx
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

39. What are negri bodies and when are they seen
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

40. Trichamonas vaginalis - tricky Ts
Protozoan - STD
EBV
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Motility - protein

41. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Clostridium tetani
10 to 12
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)

42. What are the positive stranded RNA viruses
specific
endospores are resistant to (4)
8 - orthomyoxovirus
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus

43. Which location is common for lymphadenopathy in EBC mononucleosis
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Mice - deer
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
not acid- fast - colo

44. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
some fungi produce ______ that are toxic to humans
Negative

45. Name the live attenuated vaccines

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46. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
DNA hepadnavirus
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Only humoral - stable
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised

47. Paramecium
Syphillis - sexual contact
cilia
fungi kingdom
gas gangrene

48. What are the sites for extrapulmonary TB

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49. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
myc/myo means
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
malaria symptoms
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia

50. What is endotoxin
HBC - hepatitis B
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
viruses