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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Bat - racoon - skunk
Malignant otitis externa
C. diff
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host

2. Eukaryotic - unicellular - identified by means of locomotion
protozoa (3)
Bartonella henselae
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules

3. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mucor or rhizopus
Syphillis - sexual contact
flagella - function

4. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

5. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
Haematobium - bladder
M. tuberculosis
Metabolic activity without division
Epiglottitis H flu type B

6. intestinal nematode causing inflammation of muscle - periorbital edema - org - transmission - dx - tx
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
HSV-2 - genital herpes

7. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Black necrosis surrounded by edematous ring - caused by letha factor and edema factor

8. unimmunized child with meningitis - microbe colonized the nasopharynx can lead to myalgia and paralysis
Rubella
H flu type B
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
flagella - description

9. Work in the renal dialysis unit is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
S. aureus
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
HBV
lysis

10. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
Campylocobacter jejuni
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
chromosomes in nucleus are...

11. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
tetanus
Gonococci

12. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
S. aureus
Group B strep

13. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Toxoplasmosis
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
B cells

14. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
coccus
Francesco Redi - experiment
John Needham

15. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Muramic acid
CNS - parenchmal tuberculoma or meningitis - vertebral body (pott's disease) - lymphadenitis - renal - GI
Mycolic acid - high lipid content

16. A molecule unique to bacteria that gives the cell strength to resist breakage
peptidoglycan - definition
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

17. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
Group B strep
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
ABC

18. cestode causing neurocysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
Common cold and SARS
protozoology
nucleus
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole

19. What feature of influenza can lead to worldwide pandemics of flu
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Azithromycin
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
amoebic dynsentry

20. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
facultative
methanogens
RSV - mycoplasma - chlamydia pneumo - strep pneumo -
Neuraminidase

21. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
release (B)
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
ASO titer

22. Which are the picornaviruses - and What is there the common features
cell wall - function
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
E. coli

23. Are there carriers for HDV
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Yes

24. Capsule outside cell wall - usually sticky - composed of polysaccharide and/or polypeptide
glycocalyx - description
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Azithromycin

25. Study of viruses
virology
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
bacteriology

26. What stain shows legionella
Oral and esophageal thrush
Ancylostoma - necator
how wine is spoiled
Silver stain

27. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
Enterococci (E. faecalis - E. faecium) nl colonic flora - pen G resistant - cause UTI and subacute endocarditis
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Tellurite agar
food industry

28. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
capsid - function
N. gono causing gono
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs

29. The receptor sites for host cell in an enveloped virus
what envelope contains
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
gram- positive stain - color
Toxoplasmosis

30. What lab values are classic but not specific for osteomyelitis
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
five nutritional adaptations of fungi compared to bacteria
endospores are resistant to (4)
Elevated CRP and ESR

31. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
R. prowazekii
Influenza virus
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Saucer shaped yeast forms

32. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
CMV retinitis
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Oral and esophageal thrush
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus

33. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
arrangements - strepto...
H flu
Antigen in vaccines
Theory of Biogenesis

34. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
release (AV)
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

35. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Parvoviridae
Bartonella henselae
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Clonorchis sinensis

36. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
flagella - function
cell wall - function
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
B cells

37. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
No cell wall
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Antigen in urine
gram stain - definition

38. What are the markers of Hep immunity
germination
protista kingdom
Anti - HBsAb
what envelope contains

39. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation
envelope - definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

40. What does group B strep cause
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Haematobium - bladder
Avain resevoir
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

41. cestode causing intestinal tapeworms - org - transmission - tx
acid- fast - color
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Cryptosporidium

42. This fungi forms broad based buds - causes inflammatory lung diease and can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules - Where is endemic
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Rabies
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america

43. PNA in CF - burn
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Pseudomonas
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
C. botulinum

44. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid

45. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Echinococcus granulosus
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Bacteria - STD
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains

46. Chemical synthesis and food industry
protozoan infections (5)
commercial applications
bacteriology
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum

47. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Strep bovis - also group D
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Elementary body

48. Why are chlamydiae obligate intracellular

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49. What are the 3 C's for measles
No - erythromycin
plasmid - definition
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Rusty sputum - sepsis in sickle cell after splenectomy

50. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Heat labile toxin
Tumbling motility - meningitis in newborns - unpasteurized milk
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA