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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. superficial vascular proliferation in an HIV pos pts where biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Bartonella henselae
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
2. ____ do no treat viral infections
antibiotics
Paracoccidioidomycosis
algology
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
3. What do lab diagnostics show for aspergillus
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
malaria prevention
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
4. What species causes bloody diarrhea - is lactose neg - and had flagellar motility
arrangements - staphylo
Salmonella
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Enterobius
5. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in the mother with possible lymphadenopathy - causes chorioretinitis - hydrocephalus - and intracranial calcifications in the neonate - org and transmission
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Toxoplasmosis - aerolized cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
6. What kind of immunity to killed/inactivated viral vaccines induce - and What is the benefit
archaea domain
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Only humoral - stable
7. Unicellular and facultative
No - erythromycin
yeast
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
lipids (fats) =
8. What is in pneumovax
flagella
>100 - acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid - does not infect GI
Endosymbiotic Theory
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
9. What does echovirus do
virus example
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Pneumocystis jerovici
Aseptic meningitis
10. What bugs can cause food poisoning from contaminated seafood - and which of these can cause wound infections from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning = Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - wound = just vulnificus
Subcutenous plaques - polyarthritis - erythema marginatum - chorea - carditis - no 'rheum' for SPECCulation
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
11. Are there carriers for HDV
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Yes
Aseptic meningitis
S. aureus
12. Pairs
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
arrangements - diplo
Theory of Biogenesis
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
13. What drug is give as prophylaxis for close contacts of of meningococci
Cigar shaped yeast
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Rifampin
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
14. Pseudopodia - cilia - and flagella
assembly (B)
gram- negative stain - explanation
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
15. No metabolic activity
dormant
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
microaerophilic
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
16. urethritis - cervicitis - conjunctivits - Reiters syndrome - PID - org and dz
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Bordetella pertussis
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
17. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Rifampin
Strep bovis - also group D
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
CMV retinitis
18. Minor changes based on random mutation
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
eukaryotes
Genetic drift - epidemic
19. Of the sereptypes of chlamydia trachomatis - which cause urethritis/PID ectopic pregs - neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough - or neonatal conjunctivitis
plasmid - function
PCR/Viral load
EBV
D- K
20. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
trichomoniasis symptoms
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Saucer shaped yeast forms
21. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
eukarya domain
bacteria domain
Clostridium tetani
22. Dimorphic/biphasic
what many pathogenic fungi are
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
food thickeners
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
23. What is present in the condylomata and chancres in primary and secondary syphillis
Many treponemas
Toxo crosses the placenta
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
Louis Pasteur - experiment
24. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
gram- negative cell wall
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
spontaneous generation
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
25. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
animal kingdom
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
viruses
26. Purple
Candida and aspergillus
gram- positive stain - color
Pseudomonas
cytoplasm - definition
27. Has a phospholipid bilayer - is semi- permeable (nutrients in - waste out) - lack carbohydrates and sterols - acts as a barrier to the outside - ATP production occurs here
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
replication (B)
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
malaria
28. What are characteristics of obligate anaerobes
gram- positive stain - explanation
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
H. flu
29. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
peptidoglycan - definition
Toxoid vaccine
Borrelia burgdorferi
John Needham
30. This rash begins at the head and moves down; postauricular lymphadenopathy - agent and dz
replication for eukaryotes
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Rubella german measles
31. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
complex virus example
protozoology
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
fungi
32. Diplo - staphylo - strepto
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
arrangements of bacteria
S. aureus
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
33. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Actinomyces isreallii
Bacterial superinfection
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
smooth ER
34. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Staph make it - strep don't
penetration (B)
No cell wall
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
35. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
Cell Theory
Paramyxovirus; measles
Parvo - single stranded
36. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
plasmolysis
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
37. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Paramyxovirus; measles
Sterility
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
38. hemoptysis - parasite
Paragonimus westermani
Proteus mirabilis
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
endospores are formed via
39. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Mycobacterium
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
Klebsiella granulomatis
C. diptheriae
40. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
bacteria domain
Klebsiella granulomatis
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
41. What often causes infection with C. diff and How is it dx
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Azithromycin
42. Site of protein synthesis; some are free in cytoplasm - others are bound to the rough ER
Virbrio cholera
ribosomes - function
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
antibiotics
43. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
44. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
Pneumoniae and psittaci
Coccidiodiomycosis - southwestern US - CA - San Joaquin Valley valley fever - spherules
endospores are resistant to (4)
45. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the log phase
CMV - RSV
Antigen in vaccines
Rapid cell division
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
46. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
47. This substance binds directly to MHC II and T cell receptor simultaneously - activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN gamma and IL-2
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Superantigen
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
Entamoeba histolytica
48. Rupturing of cell
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
Treponema - primary syphillis
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
lysis
49. 25 celsius
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
cell membrane - definition
how many degrees celsius for mold?
50. Which are the HHAPPPPy viruses
Killed/inactivated
envelope is composed of...
S. aureus
Hepadna - herpes - adeno - pox - parvo - papilloma - polyoma