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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only bacterial membrane containing what substance
Candida and aspergillus
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Cholesterol
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
2. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Rickettsia rickettsii
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Clonorchis sinensis
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
3. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
oxygen requirements of bacteria
4. Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals do not leave
Dipoid RNA
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
gram- positive stain - explanation
Trigeminal ganglia
5. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Surface protein - matrix/core protein - lipid bilayer - nucleic acid and nucleocapsid protein
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
6. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not
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7. What is the TX for candidiasis
Diphyllobothrium latum
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
Toxoplasmosis
fungal infection examples (3)
8. Grow in very hot conditions
hyperthermophiles
Surfers in the tropics
Crohns or appendicitis
Meningococci
9. What other organism is involved in vaginosis from gardnerella
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
10. What serum markers are present in the window period of HBV infxn
protozoology
IgG Anti - HBcAg
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
11. Spirochetes have axial filaments which wrap around the cell causing it to move in a corkscrew manner
penetration (B)
specialized flagella
humans do not have
Anti - HBsAb
12. What is the TX for pseudomonas
Ancylostoma - necator
Rabies
cytoplasm - definition
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
13. Smallest a person can see with unaided eye - pen dot
Rose gardner's
100 micrometers
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Clostridia
14. What does gp41 do
malaria prevention
Actinomyces israeli
Fusion and entry
Chlamydia trachomatis
15. Binary fission + cytokinesis
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
replication for prokaryotes
rickettsia
Attachment to host T cell
16. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
17. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Lower lobe
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
E. coli 0157:H7
18. Comma- shaped
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Sporothrix schenckii
Nocardia asteroides
spiral - vibrio
19. What kind of genome does HIV have
Acute/recent infection
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Dipoid RNA
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
20. No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and steroids - transports and sorts molecules during synthesis
single- stranded RNA
smooth ER
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
21. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
plant kingdom
Cmv
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
viruses
22. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
monera kingdom
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
23. What must negative stranded viruses do and what must they bring with them to do it
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Salmonella typhi
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
24. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)
histoplasmosis
25. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
26. What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
three domains of microorganisms
replication for eukaryotes
Klebsiella granulomatis
27. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Staph or enteric GNR
28. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
PHV
Mumps virus - mumps
capsid is composed of...
29. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
gram stain - definition
Malignant otitis externa
five kingdoms of microorganisms
30. Locomotion by rotation of basal body
golgi complex - function
flagella - function
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Cryptococcus neoformans - also encephalitis
31. What is the treatment for syphillis
C. botulinum
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Pen
Chlamydia trachomatis (D- K) - chlamydia
32. What other disease can mesenteric adenitis mimic
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Crohns or appendicitis
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Broad based ataxia - positive ataxia - charcot joint - stroke without HTN
33. Locomotion (wavelike motion)
flagella - function
HBV from needle stick
CMV
Doxycycline
34. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
medical important mycobacteria
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
35. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Endosymbiotic Theory
Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
cell wall - function
36. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial ribosome
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease - tropheryma whippelii
Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome) - also enhances cytokine release causing HUS - shigella and E. Coli 0157:H7
Measles rubeola - measles
37. What is the nl flora of the vagina
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
L1 - L2 - L3
Lactobacillus - colonized by E. coli and group B strep
Mumps virus - mumps
38. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
they are eukaryotes
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Strep pneumo and viridans
39. Minor changes based on random mutation
cilia
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Serratia marcescens
Genetic drift - epidemic
40. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
arrangements - staphylo
Recombination
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
what peptidoglycan is composed of
41. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Staph or enteric GNR
Endosymbiotic Theory
10 to 12
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
42. What are the AST/ALT relationships in viral hepatitis vs alcoholic hepatitis
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Rubella german measles
IgG Anti - HBcAg
43. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Bacteria - STD
H flu
Negative
44. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
envelope - definition
flagella - function
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
45. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
peptidoglycan - definition
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Pseudomonas
Chronic disease - positive during window period
46. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Aminoglycosides - require O2 to enter bacterial cell - nl found in GI tract
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
47. Require high salt concentrations
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
capsid - function
halophiles
ribosomes - function
48. Pink
anaerobic
acid- fast - color
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
49. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Metabolic activity without division
HIV - malnutrition - death
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
R. prowazekii
50. What OI's are HIV pos patients at risk for with CD4 < 50
10 to 12
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Mycoplasma