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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is endotoxin
A lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrance of gram neg bacteria
Brucella sp
Clostridia
HIV - AIDS

2. Structure unique to some bacteria
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
Doxycycline
Clostridium perfringens
endospores

3. Study of algae
capsid - definition
Neisseria
algology
cell wall - function

4. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Mucor or rhizopus
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
capsid - definition

5. What toxin mediated diseases does staph aureas cause
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

6. What serum makers are present in acute HBV
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
monera kingdom
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

7. Which gram neg bacteria are spiral
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation

8. Osteomyelitis after prosthetic replacement
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

9. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
Lower lobe
icosahedron

10. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
rickettsia
differential staining example
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Food - fingers - feces - flies

11. Help bacteria to attach to one another
fungi kingdom
Bacteria - STD
pili - function
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs

12. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Yeast - protazoan
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
what peptidoglycan is composed of
spontaneous generation example

13. Will show special structures
special staining of bacteria
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
motility of bacteria
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis

14. What is gardnerella associated with
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
differential staining of bacteria
lysis
Sexual activity - but not an STI

15. With strep grown on optichin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
M. pneumoniae
Viridans is resistant and pneumo is sensitive - OVRPS (overpass)

16. What is HBeAg
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Viridans group streptococci
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

17. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Syphillis - sexual contact
lysis

18. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
IgG Anti - HBcAg
protista kingdom
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

19. pos PAS stain

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20. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
H. pylori

21. The study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
microbiology
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)

22. The host cell's plasma membrane
Candida albicans
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
envelope is composed of...
staining of bacteria

23. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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24. Herpes - warts
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Lower lobe
smooth ER
double- stranded DNA

25. What does candida result in with diabetic pts and Abx usage
histoplasmosis
Vulvuvaginitis
protozoology
IgG Anti - HBcAg

26. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Beta hemolytic
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus

27. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Koch's Postulates 3
Borrelia burgdorferi
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
M. kansasii

28. What are agryll roberston pupils
Double zone of hemolysis
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Negative

29. What viruses cause watery diarrhea
Bad xray - worse than pt - high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs - grown on Eaton's agar
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
fermentation - definition
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

30. What toxin from E. Coli induces cAMP
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Heat labile toxin
five fields of microbiology
Rubella german measles

31. Extreme heat/cold - dehydration - radiation (UV light) - toxic chemicals
endospores are resistant to (4)
Louis Pasteur
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes
Clindamycin or ampicillin

32. PNA in adults 18yrs to 40yrs
single- stranded DNA
monera kingdom
Mycoplasma - C. pneumo and S pneumo
spiral

33. What titer can detect recent s pyogenes infection
malaria
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
ASO titer
Heat labile toxin

34. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Clonorchis sinensis
Tellurite agar
endospores
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

35. What is the presentation of ETEC and What is the mechanism of the toxin

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36. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the plasma membrance in bacteria
None - but are colonized rapidly after birth
Clostridium botulinum
M. kansasii
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer

37. Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another - can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
cell wall - function
M. kansasii
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation

38. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Enterobacter cloacae
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Entamoeba histolytica
golgi complex - function

39. How is treponema visualized
Dark field microscopy
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Elevated CRP and ESR
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria

40. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Candida
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available

41. What is the treatment for syphillis
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
SHiN - strep pneumo - h flu - neisseria
Pen
protozoan infections (5)

42. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
viral shapes
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
chromosomes in nucleus are...

43. What does HBsAg indicate
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
algology
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

44. bilateral bells palsy
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Borrelia burgdorferi
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Antigen in vaccines

45. Apiration PNA - orgs
Anaerobes
fungi kingdom
icosahedron
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)

46. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
peptidoglycan - definition
Viral gastroenteritis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Staph or enteric GNR

47. In which age group is the peak incidence for mononucleosis - and how are the reactive cytotoxic T cells termed?
Negative
N. gono causing gono
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
microaerophilic

48. In the bunyavirus family which are arboviruses and which are not
Parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
giardia
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

49. Which nematodes are ingested
Scarlet fever - toxic shock - like syndrome
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Muramic acid
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella

50. What neisseria is there a vaccine for
10 to 12
Meningococci
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
fimbriae - function