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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What OI/disease occurs in the GI of AIDS pts
single- stranded DNA
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
2. In what clinical scenarios do you see Pseudomonas
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
Parvo - single stranded
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
3. What is a positive Monospot test
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
they are eukaryotes
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
4. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
fimbriae - function
eukaryotes
5. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Viridans group streptococci
histoplasmosis
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
6. Crystal violet- iodine (CV-I) crystals form in cell
Shigella
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Protein A - S. aureus
gram stain - definition
7. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - what undergoes binary fission and where
Serratia
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Owl's eye inculsions
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
8. What virus is in the rhabdovirus family
Rabies
A second - different antigenic determinant of the HBV core - HBeAg indicates active viral replication and therefor high transmissability
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
giardia
9. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
medical important mycobacteria
endospores
Superantigen
Onchocerca volvulus - female blackfies - ivermectin
10. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms
Cigar shaped yeast
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
11. With staph grown on novobiocin - Which is resistant and Which is sensitive
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Bullet shaped capsid - long incubation period before sx onset
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Saprohyticus resistant - epidermidis is sensitive - NO StRES
12. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
John Needham
Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
Streptococcus mutans
microaerophilic
13. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
spiral - spirochete
Actinomyces and nocardia
facultative
14. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Meningococci
cell wall - function
Borrelia burgdorferi
15. How do rabies virus reach the CNS
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
S. aureus and S. epidermidis
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
16. Hyperalimentation is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
monera kingdom
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
Candida albicans
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
17. What question mark shaped bacteria is found in water contaminated with animal urine and What does it cause
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Anti - HBsAb
Leptospira interrogans - flulike symptoms - fever - HA - abdominal pain - jaundice - and photophobia with conjuctivitis
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
18. What is the difference between F+ x F- and Hfr x F- conjugation
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Transfer of just plasmid in F+ and transfer of plasmid plus some flanking genes in Hfr x F-
Tellurite agar
19. Which are the DNA enveloped viruses
helical shape - definition
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
20. Thrush
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
100 micrometers
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
oral yeast infections =
21. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia
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22. Which bacteria don't stain well because they are too thin to be visualized
Borrelia burgdorferi - transmited by Ixodes - erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye rash with central clearing) effects joints - CNS and heart
Treponema
Sacral ganglia
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
23. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Francesco Redi - experiment
Aerosal - from environmental water source
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
24. Which males have UTIs
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
Specialized transduction - an excision event
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
25. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
Rabies
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
biogenesis
26. What kind of result is expected from the Weill Felix test in Q fever
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
rough ER
Negative
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
27. Fungus grows on bird droppings - humans inhale spores which infect lungs
Pets - treat with topical azoles
histoplasmosis
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
endospores are formed via
28. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
EBV
interferon
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Candida albicans
29. Antibiotics which kill normal flora bacteria allowing yeast to overgrow
hyperthermophiles
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
adsorption (B)
30. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Elevated CRP and ESR
plasmid - function
31. Prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)
Actinomyces israeli
cell wall - function
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice
32. Domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
Saucer shaped yeast forms
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis
taxonomic hierarchy
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging
33. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
replication for eukaryotes
34. What feature is unique to shigella
HHV-6 roseola
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
35. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
capsid - function
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
36. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
Meningococci
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
37. Which staph make coagulase - and which don't
Neurologica like bell's palsy and cardiac AV block
Candida albicans
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not
38. What happens in tertiary syphillis
three domains of microorganisms
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
replication (B)
39. Meningitis in newbord (0 - 6 months)
Gambiense - rhodesiense
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Anti - HAVAb IgM
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
40. What do ADP- ribosylating A- B toxins do
aerobic
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
41. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
Reassortment
Louis Pasteur - experiment
replication for eukaryotes
Fusion and entry
42. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
43. What is the source of pseudomonas and What does virulence factors does it have
Water source - endotoxin causing fever and shock - exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
44. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Crohns or appendicitis
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Cell Theory
Salpingitis
45. Which are the enteroviruses
Metronidazole
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
46. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
N. gono causing gono
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
47. What does HBsAg indicate
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Mostly in DKA pts and leukemic pts - rhinocerebral - frontal lobe abscesses - HA - facial pain - black necrotic eschar on face - cranial nerve involvement
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Rapid cell division
48. Trichomonas vaginalis - STD - many women and men are asymptomatic
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Louis Pasteur - experiment
Acute/recent infection
trichomoniasis...
49. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Clonorchis sinensis
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Severe bacteremia - death
50. Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from and What are the exceptions
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Croup - seal like barking cough
Plasma membrane - exceptions are herpesvirus which acquire from nuclear membrane
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli