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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)
double- stranded RNA
release (B)

2. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
viral shapes
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility

3. What organisms stain with india ink
osmotic pressure
Toxo crosses the placenta
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Cryptococcus neoformans

4. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
Specialized transduction - an excision event

5. Of the serotypes of chlamidyia trachomatis - which cause chronic infection and blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
ABC
Klebsiella
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
ribosomes - function

6. What is weil's disease
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
endospores - definition
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

7. This infxn is usually asymptomatic in mom or mono - like illness causing hearing loss - petechial rash in the neonate - org and mode of transmission
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
HSV-2 - genital herpes

8. What happens in EBV mononucleosis - and what cells does it infect
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Cholesterol
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
spiral - vibrio

9. What are the laboratory findings of legionella
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
Polio - echo - rhino - coxsackie - HAV - enteroviruses = fecal oral; large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins - can cause aspetic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)
Influenza virus

10. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

11. What shape are s pneumo - do they have a capsule and what protease do they have
C3a - hypotension - edema and C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
Clostridium perfringens
Lancet shaped - encapsulate - IgA protease
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

12. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial flagellum
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Motility - protein
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

13. HaemoPhilus causes....
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Malignant otitis externa
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides

14. Which DNA virus is not double stranded
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
Parvo - single stranded
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea

15. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
plasmid - definition
Staph or enteric GNR
Robert Hooke

16. What is only exception of DNA viruses that are not double stranded
Pasteurella multocida
Parvoviridae
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
HSV - skin or mucous membrance contact

17. What is the nl flora of a dental plaque
Virbrio cholera
flagella - description
Nematode in undercooked meat
Streptococcus mutans

18. cestode causing cysticercosis - org - transmission - tx
actinomycetes (3) - description
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
osmotic lysis
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal

19. What kind of immunity to live attenuated viral vaccines induce and What is the concern
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Food - fingers - feces - flies

20. Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Klebsiella
Rapid cell division
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

21. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
cell membrane - function
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Yes
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS

22. Why is anthrax called woolsorters disease
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

23. Of the gram neg bacillus - which are not enterics
Francesco Redi
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Haemophilus - legionella - bordetella - francisella - brucella - pasteurella - bartonella - garderella
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

24. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
structures of prokaryotic cell
five fields of microbiology

25. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
protozoa means of locomotion (3)
Measles
Neuraminidase
Elementary body

26. This cause of UTI is often nosocomial and drug resistant
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
Enterobacter cloacae

27. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Measles rubeola - measles
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)

28. Where are spores of C. botulinum found
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
endocytosis...
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

29. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
cell membrane - definition
Acid fast organisms
gram- positive stain - explanation

30. Allgin and carrageenan
food thickeners
giardia
protozoology
Endosymbiotic Theory

31. With strep grown on bacitracin - which are sensitive and which are resistant
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Staph or H. flu
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver

32. What is Anti - HBeAg
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
spiral - spirochete
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores

33. What does anti HAVAb IgG indicate
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
EBV
No - erythromycin
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection

34. Dilated cardiomyopathy - megacolon - megaesophagus in south america - dz - organism - transmission - dx and tx
Chagas dz - trypanosoma cruzi - reduviid bug - blood smear - nifurtimox
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors

35. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); causes trachoma (most common infectious cause of blindness in the world)
chlamydia
Clonorchis sinensis
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Klebsiella granulomatis

36. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
capsid - definition
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Metabolic activity without division
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC

37. What does cyrptococcus result in clinically
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzani

38. 80S = 60S + 40S
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Klebsiella granulomatis
Dipicolinic acid
endocytosis...

39. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
L1 - L2 - L3
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

40. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
Paramyxovirus; measles
Reassortment
Croup - seal like barking cough
Parvo - single stranded

41. Water moves out of the cell - causing cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
Facultative intracellular microbe - ingestion of unpasteureized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission - forms actin rockets - cell to cell movements and tumbling motility
hypertonic solution
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months

42. rubeola - lots of spots
there can be a ___ stage and a ___ stage within the same genus and species
Paramyxovirus; measles
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion

43. Where do RNA viruses replicate
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses
plasmid - function
algology
cytoplasm - definition

44. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Killed viral vaccine
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP

45. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

46. What species causing bloody diarrhea often causes outbreaks in days care centers and can cause pseudoappendicitis
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melancytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches - occurs in hot humid weather
Mucor or rhizopus
Yersinia enterocolitica

47. Which hepatitis virus is the hepevirus
HEV
Cell Theory
ribosomes - function
flaccid paralysis

48. What diseases can CMV cause and What is the route of infection
protozoan infections (5)
Humoral and cell mediate - can revert to virulence
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
histoplasmosis

49. Which kind of neisseria is sexually transmitted
Gonococci
replication (AV)
Meningococci
Actinomyces and nocardia

50. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
endospores - definition
Gallbladder
No envelope