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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV

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2. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Actinomyces isreallii
Palivizumab
protozoan infections (5)
B cells

3. Many protein subunits called capsomeres
Cough - coryza - conjunctivitis
capsid is composed of...
dormant
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common

4. 1 - 10 micrometers
Endosymbiotic Theory
H flu type B
Heat labile toxin
prokaryotes

5. trematodes causing granulomas - fibrosis - inflammation of spleen and liver - org - host - transmission - tx
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Schistosoma - snail - cercariae penetrate skin of humans - praziquantrl
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Salmonella

6. What is the process of replication for HBV and are there carriers
food industry
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Malignant otitis externa
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly

7. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
icosahedron
Sporothrix schenckii
penetration (AV)

8. Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae

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9. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Dipoid RNA
Chlamydia trachomatis
Starts quickly and ends quickly

10. Tail fibers attach to outside of host cell
adsorption (B)
Synthesized dsDNA from RNA; dsDNA integrates into host genome
fimbriae - function
No envelope

11. Spiral
nucleic acid
arrangements - strepto...
spiral - spirillum
Streptococcus - staphylococus

12. Look like molds - but cells are prokaryotic; have filamentous growth and some produce asexual spores; Streptomyces produces geosmin ('fresh dirt' smell) and many antibiotics
actinomycetes (3) - description
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Red current jelly - nosocomial UTI
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin

13. When do gram pos rods form spores
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Mucor or rhizopus
When nutriets are limited
biggest danger of toxplasmosis

14. Spirillum - vibrio - spirochete
spiral
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
virus example
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1

15. Golgi complex - mitochondria - chloroplasts* - endoplasmic reticulum - nucleus
eukaryotic organelles (5)
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
No they are T cells reacting to EBV infected cells
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz

16. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
All of them
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

17. Non - hodgkin lymphoma large cell type often in oropharynx (waldeyer's ring) of HIV pos pt
MRSA - resistant to beta lactams due to altered penicillen binding protein
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
EBV
giardia

18. Anthrax (wool sorter's disease)
Bacillus anthracis
not acid- fast - colo
Lepromatous
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol

19. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
aerobic
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Actinomyces and nocardia (weakly acid fast)
Group B strep

20. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis

21. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
fungal infection examples (3)
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Lower lobe
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

22. taenia solium - tricky Ts
E. coli - proteus
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
No cell wall
Double zone of hemolysis

23. ___ on envelope can be used for identification
B cells
Spikes
E. coli - shigella - salmonella - yersinia - klebsiella - proteus - enterobacter - serratia - vibrio - campylobacter - helicobacter - pseudomonas - bacteroides
Rubella

24. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
chloroplasts - function
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
Silver stain

25. Pink
Yes
gram- negative stain - color
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema

26. Prokaryotes
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
bacteria domain
Ingestion of preformed toxin
Rose gardner's

27. Plasmodium (4 different species) - transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquito - organism is on a biology clock (multiple of 24 hours)
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
Candida and aspergillus
Pox - complex
malaria

28. PNA in elderly
Ingestion of preformed toxin
S. pneumo - Influenza virus - anaerobies - H flu - GNR
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
bacteria domain

29. Urinary catheterization is a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
M. avium intracellulare
E. coli - proteus
arrangements - diplo
Klebsiella

30. What is the fxn and chemical composition of peptidoglycan
D- K
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
endospores are resistant to (4)

31. Erythematous - sandpaper - like rahs with fever and sore throat - agent and dz
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Pseudomonas
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
viruses

32. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
HEV
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
gram- negative cell wall

33. Tetanus - toxin prevents relaxation of muscles
Measles rubeola - measles
Between 2 and 18 months
endospores are formed via
Clostridium tetani

34. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Schistosoma mansori
Transformation or competence
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation

35. Protozoans - primitive algae (single cell)
Recombination
Schistosoma haematobium
protista kingdom
Clostridia

36. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
Salmonella
giardia
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

37. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
icosahedron
Severe bacteremia - death

38. Paramecium
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
cilia
Staph saprophyticus
All of them

39. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
100 micrometers
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
how wine is spoiled
fermentation - definition

40. Animal - plant - fungi - protista - and monera
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid
five kingdoms of microorganisms
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
HDV

41. What is the organism for endemic typhus (fleas)
R. typhi
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
algology
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever

42. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Toxo crosses the placenta
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Motility - protein
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice

43. How are rickettsiae transmitted
All except coxiella are via arthropod
Sexual activity - but not an STI
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Between 2 and 18 months

44. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Invasive - dysentary - shiga like toxin; microbe invades mucosa and toxin causes necrosis and inflammation
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva

45. What is the TX for leprosy and What is the toxicity of this TX
Dapsone - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia or rifampin and combination clofazimine + dapsone
Tetracycline or erythromycin
adsorption (B)
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+

46. What are the cause causes of meningitis in HIV
endocytosis...
Cryptococcus - CMV - toxoplasmosis (brain abscess) - JC virus (PML)
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter
Epiglottitis H flu type B

47. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Legionella
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
Malaria - plasmodium - anopheles - blood smear - cholorquine - resistant use mefloquine and for vivax/ovale add primaquine for dormant forms

48. Thrush
S. epidermidis
oral yeast infections =
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Koch's Postulates 4

49. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Rubella - respiratory droplets
CMV retinitis and esophagitis - disseminated M avium intracellulare - cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Influenza virus

50. Related to a fungus
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
Entertoxigenic E. coli
myc/myo means
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella