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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
Streptococcus - staphylococus
algae characteristics (3)
Elementary body
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles

2. What is HBcAg
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Neisseria
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

3. What does the chylamidial cell wall lack
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Muramic acid
Clostridium tetani

4. Protects the nucleic acid - gives virus its shape - contains the receptor sites for host cell in non - enveloped virus
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
hyperthermophiles
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
capsid - function

5. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Travels retrograde fashion up nerve axons
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

6. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
Koch's Postulates 1
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
rickettsia
N. gono causing gono

7. What is the TX for h pylori
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
Entertoxigenic E. coli
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
S. aureus and S. epidermidis

8. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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9. Pairs
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
special staining of bacteria
Antibody to HBeAg - indicates low transmissability
arrangements - diplo

10. What bacteria has protein A and What does it do
plasmid - definition
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Resistant to destruction by heat or chemicals - need to autoclave to kill by steaming at 121C for 15 minutes

11. What is the mode of transmission of salmonella and shigella
Food - fingers - feces - flies
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)
arrangements of bacteria

12. What are gp120 and gp41 together
S. aureus
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
S. aureus
Envelope proteins

13. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
Koch's Postulates 4
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
malaria prevention
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria

14. In the chlamydiae replication cycle - What is released from a lysed host cell
Elementary body
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A

15. How do bacterial capsules function
peptidoglycan - definition
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Antiphagocytic virulence factor

16. Diploid - 2 genes for every trait; humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
DNA hepadnavirus
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
chromosomes in nucleus are...
nucleus

17. rubella - lots of spots
endospores are resistant to (4)
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin
Protein A - S. aureus

18. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Sterility
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
C tetani
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA

19. Recurrent fever from variable surface antigen - transmitted by louse
Common cold and SARS
Borrelia recurrentis
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

20. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
Acid fast organisms
gram- positive cell wall
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
penetration (B)

21. currant jelly sputum
Vagina
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Klebsiella

22. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Genetic shift - pandemic
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Mycobacterium

23. Which bacteria grow pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
E. coli - proteus
Toxplasmosis
plasmid - function
Lactose fermeting enterics - citrobacter - klebsiella - E. coli - enterobacter - serratia

24. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

25. Extrachromosomal piece of genetic information - can be genetically engineered
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
plasmid - definition
Bartonella henselae
assembly (AV)

26. What is the nl flora of the colon
HSV-2 - genital herpes
nucleus
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Sporothrix schenckii

27. Botulism - prevents contraction of muscles - SIDS
Clostridium botulinum
Antigen associated with core of HBV
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
spiral - spirochete

28. Require intracellular parasite/has to be within a host cell to replicate (prokaryotic); Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Diaper rash - endocarditis in IVDU - disseminated candidiasis - chronic mucocutanous candidiasis
rickettsia
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
HIV - AIDS

29. What is the fxn and chemical composition of plasmid
Pasteurella multocida
acid- fast organism - definition
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA

30. What kind of virus is the seasonal influenza virus
what envelope contains
arrangements - strepto...
Tetracycline or erythromycin
Killed viral vaccine

31. In What age group is mycoplasma seen - and what groups are outbreaks common
<30 - military - prisons
No cell wall
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

32. Which bacteria do not gram stain well because they are intracellular
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
eukaryotes
gas gangrene
H flu

33. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
plasmolysis
Brucella sp
Group B strep - E. coli
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

34. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
aerobic
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

35. Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan - CV-I crystals wash out
gram- negative stain - explanation
Bacteria - STD
HBsAg - anti - HBeAb - anti - HBcAb IgG
what peptidoglycan is composed of

36. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
Serratia
HBsAg - HBeAg - IgM - Anti - HBcAg
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
endospores - definition

37. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Salpingitis
Vagina
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
Group B strep - E. coli - listeria

38. What are the obligate anaerobes and What do they lack (and hence suscpetible to)
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
adsorption (AV)
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

39. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Double zone of hemolysis
Guillain barre
Salmonella
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

40. biliary tract disease - cholangiocarcinoma - parasite
Clonorchis sinensis
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Complementationthis occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses - genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated forming a pseudovirion with the surface protein of of virus B
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA

41. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Pneumonia - meningitis - sepsis in babies
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Meningococci

42. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
actinomycetes (3) - description
icosahedron
Common cold
Syphillis - sexual contact

43. What is the Ghon complex
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
10%; viral

44. What is the pathophys of mucor
Group B strep - E. coli
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
ABC
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose - penetrate cribiform plate - and enter

45. What are the laboratory findings for H Flu
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Candida and aspergillus
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
C. perfringens

46. Which are the herpesviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Antigen in vaccines
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death

47. What chlamydiae cause reactive arthritis - conjunctivitis - nongonococcal urethritis - PID
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
Toxoplasmosis
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Chlamydia trachomatis

48. Clusters
Gonococci
arrangements - staphylo
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec

49. Virus sticks to host cell surfaces by means of receptor sites which are inherited characteristics of the host
adsorption (AV)
Clue cells - or vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria visible under the microscope
Clostridium perfringens
protozoa means of locomotion (3)

50. 10 - 100 micrometers
Rickettsia - legionella - chlamydia (lacks muramic acid in cell wall)
Group B strep - E. coli
eukaryotes
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia

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Microbiology

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