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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. perianal pruritis - parasite
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Enterobius
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev

2. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial periplasm
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Superantigen that binds MHCH II and T cell receptor resulting in poly colonal T cell activation
S. aureus

3. enveloped ssRNA with segmented genome (8)
Influenza virus
M. avium intracellulare
B. cereus
flagella - description

4. What is the ability to take up DNA from evironment in bacteria
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Retrovirus - togavirus - flavivirus - coronavirus - hepevirus - calicivirus - picornavirus
Transformation or competence
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA

5. Conversion of sugar to alcohol
microaerophilic
fermentation - definition
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
golgi complex - function

6. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)
HHV-6 roseola
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

7. What can PID cause
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
bacteriophage - definition
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Itraconazole or potassium iodide

8. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial glycocalyx
Echinococcus granulosus
Mediates adherence to surfaces - especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters; polysaccharide
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Coded by beta prophage - inhibits synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2

9. Which lobe of the lung does primary TB usually occur in
Brucella sp
Lower lobe
Actic polymerization
Actinomyces and nocardia

10. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
hypertonic solution
E. coli
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
Strep bovis - also group D

11. Where does reactivation TB usually go - and What can precipitate reactivation
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
Ehrlichia: no rash - granulocytes with berry cluster organisms
Apices of lung - immune system compromise - or anti - TNF alpha use

12. meningitis in >60
Nystatin for superficial - ampho B for systemic
S pneumo - GNR - listeria
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole

13. What does pertusses toxin do to Gi
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
structures of prokaryotic cell
Parvo - single stranded
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off

14. Will show the difference between two things
three domains of microorganisms
single- stranded DNA
differential staining of bacteria
Cell Theory

15. Where does the rickettsiae rash start and Where does the typhus rash start
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
John Needham
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

16. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
M. avium intracellulare
Env - gp120 and gp41 - gag - p24 - pol - reverse transcriptase
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

17. What can cause food poisoning in reheated rice
B. cereus
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced

18. How do pneumocystis appear microscopically
Cryptosporidium - mycobacterium avium - intracellulare - CMV colitis - non Hodgkin lymphoma from EBV - Isospora belli
capsid - function
Saucer shaped yeast forms
plasmid - function

19. Trichomonas
infection process of animal viruses (6)
flagella
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Resistant

20. 1665 - Reported life's smallest structural units were 'cells' - Cell Theory - lacked staining techniques and resolution to see microbes
hypertonic solution
Yes
Robert Hooke
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus

21. What does vibrio cholerae do to Gs
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
importance of microorganisms

22. when viruses with a segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange segments - high frequency recombination - cause of worldwide influenza pandemics
All of them
amoebic dynsentry
Pasteurella multocida
Reassortment

23. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Oral and esophageal thrush
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal

24. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Toxplasmosis
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
Anti - HBsAb
Viridans group streptococci

25. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Yes carriers - celullar RNA poly transcribes RNA from DNA template - reverse transcriptase transcribes DAN genome from RNA intermediate - virion enzyme is DNA dependent DNA poly
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph

26. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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27. What kind of paralysis does tetanus toxin produce
Severe bacteremia - death
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Staph or H. flu
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

28. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Cool temps - infects skin and superficial nerves - armadillos
Legionella
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Coxsackie A - rocky mountain spotted fever and syphillis (CARS)

29. Some algae
plant kingdom
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Surfers in the tropics
Metronidazole

30. What vaccine can prevent diptheria
Lazzaro Spallanzani
cell wall - function
Toxoid vaccine
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus

31. tissue nematodes tha causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elphantitis) - org - transmission - clinical course - tx
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
peptidoglycan - definition
medical important mycobacteria
Pneumoniae and psittaci

32. varicella - lots of spots
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Inhalation of spores from contaminated wool
Metronidazole
biggest danger of toxplasmosis

33. Pairs
Prevents phagocytosis - group A strep
hypotonic solution
Klebsiella granulomatis
arrangements - diplo

34. Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming - dz - transmission - dx and tx
HAV - RNA picornavirus
Group B strep
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

35. Atypical pneumonia - transmitted by aerosal - two organisms chlamydiae
Beta hemolytic
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Pneumoniae and psittaci

36. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
All of them

37. What does gp41 do
rough ER
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Fusion and entry
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

38. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
Entamoeba hisotlytica
helical shape - definition

39. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Gram neg rod - poor gram stain - use silver stain - grow on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

40. Cat scratch disease - can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immuncoCised patients - can be confused with KS
actinomycetes (3) - description
Brucella sp
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Bartonella sp

41. intestinal nematode causing anal pruritis - scotch tape test - org - transmission - tx
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
HIV - malnutrition - death
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Tellurite agar

42. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Strep pneumo and viridans
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
Yersinia pestis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl

43. Why is there no vaccine for gonococci
Entertoxigenic E. coli
they are eukaryotes
Rapid antigenic variation of pilus proteins
Clostridium botulinum

44. Microbes (yeast) are responsible for fermentation
Mucor or rhizopus
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
production of beer and wine
Cmv

45. How is legionella detected clinically
replication for eukaryotes
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Antigen in urine
Mycobacterium

46. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Ancylostoma - necator
Actinomyces israeli
flagella - description
arrangements - diplo

47. What are the recombinant vaccines
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
Aerosal and causes pneumonia
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
HBV (antigen = recombinant HBsAg) HPV (6 - 11 -16 -18)

48. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Shigella
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC
rough ER

49. What is the treatment for meningitis from H flue
Reassortment
capsid is composed of...
lipids (fats) =
Ceftriaxone - rifampin for close contacts

50. 1673 - First to see microorganisms - marked beginning of microbiology - 'animalcules' - 'father of the microscope'
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Palivizumab
Bacteria - STD
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

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