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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What bug produces a blue - green pigment
Pseudemonas aeruginosa
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
fimbriae - function
Trigeminal ganglia

2. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
ribosomes (prokaryotic) - size
Entertoxigenic E. coli
Staph make it - strep don't
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen

3. Why aren't myccolasma seen on gram stain
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Rifampin
No cell wall
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores

4. What is a capsule conjugated with a protein
Antigen in vaccines
B. cereus
anaerobic
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV

5. rash beginning at the head and moving down - rash is preceded by cough coryza and conjunctivitis and blue white spots on the buccal mucosa - agent and dz
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy
Rash on palms and soles migrating to wrists - ankles and then trunk - headach fever - endemic to east coast
Measles rubeola - measles
biggest danger of toxplasmosis

6. Will show size and arrangement
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
simple staining of bacteria
Azithromycin

7. fever - hemolytic anemia - northeastern US - maltese cross (and ring) - dz - transmission - dx and tx
Babesiosis - ixodes - blood smear - quinine and clindamycin
HEV
Pseudomonas
Campylobacter

8. What bug secretes scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin and What does it cause
Provides resistance to dehydration - heat and chemicals; keratin like coat; dipicolinic acid
S. pyogenes - toxic shock - like syndrome
Saucer shaped yeast forms
algae characteristics (3)

9. What is the fever cycle for p. falciparum
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Lower lobe
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy

10. Herpes - warts
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
double- stranded DNA
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Mycoplasma - have sterols

11. Which males have UTIs
8 segments of neg stranded RNA undergo high frequency recombinatino via reassortment
what envelope contains
mycolic acid - definition
Infants with congenital defects like vesicoureteral reflux - elderly with enlarged prostates

12. What are the diagnostic markers of UTI
Streptococcus mutans
Mucor or rhizopus
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey

13. What does polyomavirus cause
Bacteria - STD
Klebsiella
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
algology

14. Capitalized/italics or underlined
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases
genus
Group B strep - E. coli
M. avium intracellulare

15. Human fetus when acquired during pregnancy (stillbirth - brain damage - vision)
biggest danger of toxplasmosis
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
HEV
Pseudomonas

16. What are the different virulence factors in E. coli and What do they cause
envelope is composed of...
virology
Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis; K capsule - pneumonia - neonatal meningitis - LPS endotoxin - septic shock
fungi kingdom

17. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
Salmonella
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
CMV - sexual contact - organ transplants
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan wall in gram neg bacteria contains many hydrolytic enzymes - including beta lactamases

18. How does miliary TB occur and what happens
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Diphyllobothrium latum
Severe bacteremia - death
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva

19. What does Anti HBcAg (IgM) indicate
flagella - function
Contains a variety genes for antibiotic resistance - enzymes and toxins; DNA
Coxsackie A - hand - foot - mouth dz
Acute/recent infection

20. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
EBV
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever

21. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Beta hemolytic
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
M. tuberculosis

22. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
medical important mycobacteria
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

23. meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
Pasteurella multocida
Strep pneumo - n. meningiditis - h flu type b - enterovirus
acid- fast - color
No - erythromycin

24. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Pseudomonas
Saucer shaped yeast forms
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Meningococci

25. What are the viral causes of meningitis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
PCR/Viral load
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
arrangements - diplo

26. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Permanently disables causing whooping cough via induction of cAMP - turns the off off
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
Giardia and crytosporidium in immunoCised pts
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

27. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
bacteriology
Cholesterol
3 groups in archaea
Antigen in urine

28. What OI/disease occurs in the skin of AIDS pts
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
differential staining of bacteria
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
archaea domain

29. What are agryll roberston pupils
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Doxycycline and ceftriaxone
No - erythromycin

30. Bacteriophage
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Measles - koplik spots on buccal mucosa are diagnostic
complex virus example
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200

31. Virus that infects bacteria
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia
what many pathogenic fungi are
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
bacteriophage - definition

32. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
uncoating (AV)
S. aureus
Poxvirus - smallpox no longer present outside labs
plasmid - function

33. What are the ToRCHeS infxns and What are the nonspecific signs common to ToRCHeS infxns
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Salmonella

34. Which mycobacterium are acid fast
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
All of them
Pseudomonas
EBV

35. What are the two poliovirus vaccines
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
histoplasmosis
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice

36. Which flaviviruses are also arboviruses and which are not
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
histoplasmosis
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not

37. Tularemia - tick bite - rabbits and deer
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Macrophages - complement pathway and hageman factor
Rickettsia and chlamydia - can't make out ATP
Francisella tularenis

38. How is cryptococcus diagnosed in the lab and Where is it found

39. What diseases can VZV cause and What is the route of transmission
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
spiral - spirillum
EBV
C. perfringens

40. Which are the herpesviruses
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Bartonella henselae
Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) - scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - rapid onste fod poisoning (enterotoxin

41. 20 triangular faces and 12 corners
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
icosahedron
Starts quickly and ends quickly
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia

42. What tod the lab studies show for mycoplasma pneumonia

43. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
gram- positive stain - color
Specialized transduction - an excision event
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor

44. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits
Rubella
Tropheryma whippelii (whipple's dz)
Heat labile toxin

45. What is toxic shock syndrome - what bug secretes what substance to cause it
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
not acid- fast - colo
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1

46. PNA in CF
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Only borrelia
Pseudomonas
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage

47. What aspect of PID is a risk factor fo ectopic pregnancy - infertility - chronic pelvic pain - adhesion
Coagulation cascade - DIC
Salpingitis
two genre of bacteria that produce endospores
gram- negative stain - color

48. What bug grows on thayer - martin (or VPN) media - What does VPN stand for
ribosomes - function
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)

49. What species causes bloody diarrhea is a protozoan
S. aureus
Virbrio cholera
Heat labile toxin that inhibits ACH release from NMJ causing a flaccid paralysis
Entamoeba histolytica

50. What doe HBV and HCV infxn predispose to...
gram- positive stain - explanation
mycoplasma (5) - description
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
Active hepatitis - cirrhosis and HCC