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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the two reoviruses and What do they cause
Prompt oral rehydration
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Reovirus - colorado tick fever - rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Catalase pos microbes - S. aureus - Nocardia - aspergillus
2. Thrush
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
oral yeast infections =
Brucella sp
Candida albicans
3. What does accumulation of PrPsc result in
Campylocobacter jejuni
Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV pts - sexual contact
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
4. Ribosomes - chromosomes - plasmid - cytoplasm
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Comma shaped - oxidase positive - grows in alkaline media
Darkfield microscopy and fluoresecent
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on
5. What is pontiac fever
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Shigella
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
6. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
Salmonella
cell wall - function
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
10 to 12
7. 25 celsius
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
Cryptococcal meningitis - toxoplasmosis - CMV encelphalopathy - AIDS dementia - PML from JC virus
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
how many degrees celsius for mold?
8. yeast infection
infection process of animal viruses (6)
KS from HHS-8 - invasive cervical caricoma from HPV - and primary CNS lymphoma - non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
candidiasis
Protozoan - STD
9. What are the symptoms of mumps
endospores are resistant to (4)
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
10. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
pseudopodia
Elevated CRP and ESR
protista kingdom
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
11. Tissue died
Salmonella typhi
gas gangrene
Type B protease IgA
Febrile pharyingitis - acute hemorrhagic cystitis - pneumonia - conjunctivitis (watery)
12. What test is done with a smear of an openedskin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells and What is used for
Syphillis - sexual contact
protozoan infections (5)
Tzanck test - assay for HSV1 - 2 and VZV
M. tuberculosis
13. What are the only double stranded RNA viruses
Robert Hooke
Schistosoma mansori
Reoviridae - rotavirus
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
14. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Gallbladder
Transformation or competence
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
15. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
Nutrient depletion slows growth - spore formation in some bacteria
viruses
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile
16. gram pos anaerobe - causes oral - facial abscesses that may drain through sinus tracts of skin - yellow sulfur granules - nl oral flora
Starts quickly and ends quickly
staining of bacteria
Malignant otitis externa
Actinomyces israeli
17. What is the fever cycle for p. vivax/ovale
EBV
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Pen G and vanc - may be sens to ampicillin
18. Mitosis and meiosis + cytokinesis
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Rose gardner's
S. aureus
replication for eukaryotes
19. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
Borrelia burgdorferi
Legionella
S. aureus
Does not ferment sorbitol
20. What species causing bloody diarrhea invades colonic mucosa
spontaneous generation
Schistosoma mansori
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
21. What pyogenic infections does s pyogenes cause
Bordetella pertussis
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Rose gardner's
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
22. gram pos - weakly acid fast aerobe in soil - causing pulmonary infection in immuncompromised patients
Acute or chronic - vaccine is HBsAg - reverse transcriptase though not a retrovirus
Nocardia asteroides
Reassortment
replication (AV)
23. What are the gram pos coccus (genus)
endocytosis...
humans do not have
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Toxo crosses the placenta
24. PNA in CF
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Pseudomonas
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
25. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
fungi kingdom
Plasmodium
26. No metabolic activity
dormant
halophiles
Candidal esophagitis - toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis
Aminoglycoside plus extended spectrum pen (pipercillin - ticarcillin)
27. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Diarrhea in children - no toxin - adheres to apical surface - flattens villi - prevents absorption
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
HIV - AIDS
28. What OI/disease occurs in the mouth and throat of AIDS pts
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
C tetani
Thursh - HSV - CMV - oral hairy leukoplakia from EBV
Rabies
29. What other virus is it important not to confuse with measles
viral shapes
single- stranded DNA
HHV-6 roseola
Salmonella typhi
30. Will show the difference between two things
Legionella
differential staining of bacteria
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Pseudomonas
31. Amoebic dysentry - giardia - trichomoniasis - malaria - toxplasmosis
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 2
protozoan infections (5)
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
32. All living things are composed of cells
Chronic disease - positive during window period
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Cell Theory
33. What is the treatment for syphillis
Pen
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs
34. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
Accommodate but does not react - associated with tertiary syphillis
Yersinia enterocolitica
35. What bugs are obligate aerobes
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
capsid is composed of...
Nocardia - pseudomonas - m. tuberculosis - bacillus - nagging pests must breathe
More virulent - 10^1 vs 10^5 organisms
36. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
lysis
Staph or enteric GNR
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
staining of bacteria
37. Prevents contraction of muscles
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Ebolo/marburg - hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
flaccid paralysis
chloroplasts - function
38. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Rickettsia rickettsii
John Needham
Side of oxidative transport of enzymes - lipoprotein layer
Yersinia enterocolitica
39. What gram pos rods form spores in soil
M. pneumoniae
gram- negative stain - explanation
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
40. Is there person to person transmissino of legionella and What is the TX
H. flu type B - meningococcal vaccines
No - erythromycin
Anti - HAVAb IgM
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
41. pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling ring - dz and organism
Tinea pedis - cruris - corporis - capitis - dermatophytes: microsporum - trichophyton - epidermophyton
Parvoviridae
Aerosal - from environmental water source
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
42. What is the Ghon complex
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Pregnant women
yeast and mold stages can be dependent on _____ or ______
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
43. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
No infection - anergic (steroids - malnutrition - immunoCised - sarcoidosis)
Lymph nodes
Klebsiella pneumo
structures of prokaryotic cell
44. What bugs are urease pos
HPV 6 and 11 - condylomata acuminata
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Preallergic lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination - reactivation in adult life
TMP- SMX - pentamidine - dapsone - start proph when CD4 drops below 200
45. Why are ELISA/Western blot test falsely positive in babies born to mothers infected with HIV
Toxin A - enterotoxin binds to brush border of the gut - Toxin B - cytotoxin - destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes - causing pseudomembranous colitis
Doxycycline
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
46. This infxn causes rash - lymphadenopathy and arthritis in the mom and PDA (or pulmonary artery hypolplasia) - cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash - org and transmission
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
Rubella - respiratory droplets
capsid - function
47. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media
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48. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers
Often secondary to Abx use - diagnosed by detection of one or both toxins in the stool
osmotic pressure
JC virus causing PML
49. What does inflammatory diseases do staph aureus cause
single- stranded DNA
endocytosis...
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
In pregs - amnionitis - septicemia - spontaneous abortion - granulomatous infantiseptica - neonatal meningitis in neonates - immunoCised - meningitis - healthy people - mild gastroenteritis
50. Postviral PNA
Staph or H. flu
Group B strep - E. coli
Crohns or appendicitis
Mononuclear cells