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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
smooth ER
2. What does salmonella typhi cause
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Elevated CRP and ESR
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
3. Decaying meat produces maggots - ponds produce frogs
Anaerobes
spontaneous generation example
tetanus
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
4. What serum markers are present in Chronic Hep B with high infectivity
Shiga like toxin - botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes
60%; viruses
assembly (AV)
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
5. Nucleic acid is copied and capsid pieces are made
replication (AV)
single- stranded DNA
Genetic shift - pandemic
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
6. Latin american - captain wheel appearance
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Paracoccidioidomycosis
M. avium intracellulare
7. Dimorphic/biphasic
German measles - fever - posauricular tenderness - lymphadenopathy - arthralgias - fine truncal rash - mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a TORCH infxn)
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
what many pathogenic fungi are
Group B strep - E. coli
8. Allows attachment of bacteria to surfaces
Theory of Biogenesis
dormant
fimbriae - function
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
9. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Rose gardner's
Generalized transduction - a packaging event
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
10. lysogenic phage infects bacterium - viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome - when phage DNA is excised can bring portions of bacterial chromosome into capside
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
bacillus
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Specialized transduction - an excision event
11. What HIV parameter allows providers to monitor effect of durg therapy
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
malaria
PCR/Viral load
mycoplasma (5) - description
12. Purple
gram- positive stain - color
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
13. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
Strep pyogenes and scarlet fever
Dracunculus medinensis - in drinking water - niridazole
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid
14. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
Proteus mirabilis
Robert Koch
pseudopodia
15. Cellulitis - osteomyelitis from animal bite: cats and dogs
Pasteurella multocida
Salmonella
HEV
S - definition
16. They take over the synthesizing machinery to multiply
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Anti - HBsAb
Crohns or appendicitis
Negative
17. Allows nutrients in - waste out
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - praziquantal
cell membrane - function
Unimmunised kids
C. diptheriae
18. What is the resevoir for Microsporum and What is the management
Pets - treat with topical azoles
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
single- stranded DNA
19. What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV pos pts
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Cryptococcal meningitis - cryptococcosis - soap bibble lesions in brain
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
peptidoglycan - definition
20. Repeating disaccharide: NAG and NAM
double- stranded DNA
what peptidoglycan is composed of
virus example
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
21. Which are the enteroviruses
Poliovirus - coxsackievirus - echovirus - HAV
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
The first 3 act via ADP ribosylation causing permenately activating adenylate cyclase - while anthrax edema factor is itself an adenylate cyclase causing an inc in cAMP
Nucelocapsid - nucleic acid
22. 2nd leading cause of community acquired UTI among sexually active women
Does not ferment sorbitol
Epiglottitis (cherry- red in kids) meningitis - otitis media and pneumonia
Staph saprophyticus
All of them
23. Prokaryotes
Yellow fever - dengue - st. louis encephalitis - west nile virus - HCV not
Cryptosporidium - cysts in water - cysts on acid - fast stain - prevention (clean water) no tx
bacteria domain
Fusion and entry
24. What are the key features of systemic mycoses
cilia
Can cause pneumonia and disseminate - all are dimorphic fungi except coccidiodomycosis Which is a spherule in tissue - tx is fluconazole/ketoconazole for local and amphotericin B for systemic - can mimic TB except no person to person infxn
Staph epi - normal skin flora - contaminates blood cultures
species
25. What is chlamydia trachomatis - tricky Ts
Bacteria - STD
Heavily encapsulate yeast - not dimorphic culture on saboouraud's agar - india ink stain - found in soil pigeon droppings - latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
oral yeast infections =
26. Came up with the Endosymbiotic Theory
germination
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
Skin infections - organ abscesses - pneumonia
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
27. Allgin and carrageenan
Only borrelia
food thickeners
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
plant kingdom
28. What are the markers of Hep immunity
Francisella tularenis
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Anti - HBsAb
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
29. Where are strep viridans normal flora and What do they cause
gas gangrene
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
HEV
30. What bug grows on lowenstein jensen agar
HSV1 and 2 - VZV - CMV - EBV
M. tuberculosis
histoplasmosis
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
31. Larger bacteria engulf smaller bacteria; these small bacteria may be our present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Endosymbiotic Theory
Rickettsia rickettsii
32. What bugs produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Enterobius verniculum (pinworm - nematode) - food contaminated with eggs - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Actinomyces isreallii
Surfers in the tropics
33. What happens in tertiary syphillis
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Paragonimus westermani - undercooked crab meat - praziquantel
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
34. What drug is used in RSV to neutralize F protein
Palivizumab
double- stranded DNA
Borrelia burgdorferi
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
35. What bug produces a yellow pigment
Only borrelia
Mumps virus - mumps
S. aureus
gram stain - definition
36. fever - lymphadenopathy - skin rashes - condylomata lata - org and dz
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Staph - enteric GNR - fungi - viruses - pneumocystis in HIV
Treponema - 2ndary syphillis
Between 2 and 18 months
37. PNA in CF
Interfere with host cell function - binding component binds to a receptor on surface of host cell enabling endocytosis - active portion attaches an ADP- ribosyl to a shost cell protein altering protein function
Strep pneumo - klebesiella - H flu type b - N. meningititides - salmonella - group B strep
Pseudomonas
C. perfringens
38. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
hypertonic solution
Foul smelling (short chain fatty acids) - difficult to culture - produce gas in tissues (CO2 - H2)
Salpingitis
39. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Rose gardner's
Bartonella sp
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Acute/recent infection
40. Provides structure
fungal infection examples (3)
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
cell wall - function
41. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
endospores - definition
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Nucleus - except parvovirus
42. urethritis - cervicitis - PID - prostatits - epididymitis - arthritis - creamy purulent discharge - org and dz
staining of bacteria
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
N. gono causing gono
43. What kind of virus is HCV and How is transmitted
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Edema factor - part of the toxin complex - is an adenylate cyclase
five fields of microbiology
differential staining of bacteria
44. what dpes gp120 do
Attachment to host T cell
Enterobius - ascaris - trichinella
S. pneumo - H. flu - Anaerobes - viruses - mycoplasma
Pseudomonas
45. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Anti gp120 crosses the placenta
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
46. Respiratory therapy equipment is risk factor For what nosocomial infection
S. aureus
Pseudomonas
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
production of beer and wine
47. No metabolic activity
HHV-8 - KS
endospores are formed via
replication (AV)
dormant
48. What serum markers indicate Hep B recovery
Anti - HBsAb - Anti - HBeAb - Anti - HBcAb
Pseudomonas
eukaryotic organelles (5)
Histoplasmosis
49. Enzyme that helps destroy cell walls
Bacterial superinfection
Cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody- stained smear
lysozyme
Entertoxigenic E. coli
50. 1745 - Believed microorganisms could develop spontaneously
Between 2 and 18 months
Herpes genitalis - neonatal herpes - sexual contact - perinatal
plasmolysis
John Needham
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