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Test your basic knowledge |
Microbiology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the 4 phases of HIV
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis
Klebsiella
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
2. Aerobic - anaerobic - facultative - microaerophilic
commercial applications
production of beer and wine
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Traveler's diarrhea - labile toxin/stable toxin - no inflammatino or invasion
3. Apiration PNA - orgs
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
interferon
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
Anaerobes
4. Undulant fever - transmitted in dairy products - contact with animals
Candida albicans
Brucella sp
Entamoeba his - cysts in water - serology/trophozoites or cysts in stool/RBC in cytoplasm of entamoeba - metronidazole and iodquinol
osmotic lysis
5. When humans are the only test host - ethical issues; ex HIV
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6. What can cause food poisoning in improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
C. botulinum
Oral thrush - tinea pedis - reactivation VZV - reactivation TB - bacterial infxns (H flu - S pneumo - Salmonella)
Smallpox - although eradicated - could be used in germ warfare Vaccinia - cowpox 'milkmaid's blisters' Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple
C. perfringens
7. What happens when endotoxin activates hagemans factor
Coagulation cascade - DIC
adsorption (AV)
M. avium intracellulare
food thickeners
8. yogurt - bread (yeast) - cheese - beer and wine - sauerkraut
Histoplasmosis - mississippi and ohio river valley
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
food industry
Ten times - shorter urethrase colonized by fecal flora - obstruction - kidney surgery - catheterization - GU malformation - diabetes pregnancy
9. Long network of tubules continuous with the nuclear envelope
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Pseudomonas
endoplasmic reticulum - definition
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
10. Adsorption - penetration - replication - assembly - release
Meningococci
infection process of bacteriophage (5)
Dipoid RNA
Fungi
11. Glycerol + fatty acid(s)
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Strongyloides - ancylostoma - necator
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide
lipids (fats) =
12. Host cell usually lyses - lysozyme produced
chlamydia
Acute bacterial endocarditis and osteomyelitis
flagella - function
release (B)
13. What features are unique to salmonella
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Bacteria - STD
osmotic lysis
Pen
14. What cell wall structures are found only in gram neg bacteria
Salmonella
Severe pneumonia
Children
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
15. What is the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule and and What does it cause
B anthracis - anthrax - cutaneous is black eschar ulcer (painless) can progress to bacteremia or death - pulmonary anthrax is inhalation of spores producing flu - like sx that rapidly progress to fever pulmonary hemorrhage - mediastinitis and shock
HHV-6 roseola
Severe bacteremia - death
viruses
16. vaginitis - strawberry colored mucosa - corkscrew motility on wet prep - org and dz
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc
many humans would test antibody positive for this
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
17. Why are pregnant women told to avoid cats
Toxo crosses the placenta
Fusion and entry
Pos leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI - pos nitrate test = gram neg bacterial UTI - except S. saprophyticus
E. coli
18. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
Caused by bacteria Rickettsia prowazekki - rickettsia typhi - rickettsia tsutsugamushi
19. This bacteria is usually transmitted from pet feces - contaminated milk or pork - What does it cause
Roseola - high fevers for several days that can cause seizures - followed by a macular papular rash - not determined
Eastern equine virus - wesetern equine virus - rubella not
oxygen requirements of bacteria
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
20. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a fungal/TB meningitis
Attachment to host T cell
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Nl flora in oropharynx - cause dental carries (mutans) - subacute bacterial endocarditis (sanguis)
Adenovirus - papilloviruses - parvovirus
21. PNA in neonates < 4wks - orgs
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Group B strep - E. coli
polyhedral shape - defintion
Vagina
22. What does parvovirus cause
Bordetella pertussis
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell - slapped cheek rash in kids - erythema infectosum (5th disease) - RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death - pure RBC aplasia and RA like symtpoms in adults
Group B strep - E. coli
Glycogen - mucopolysaccharides
23. Rod- shaped
35 to 37 weeks - intrapartum pen prophylaxis
bacillus
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
Weil Felix test
24. Bats can carry _____ - but birds do not
histoplasmosis
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course
Gonorrhea - septic arthritis - neonatal conjunctivitis - PID - fitz - hugh curtis
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive
25. How is HBV transmitted primarily and how long is the incubation period for
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of inhibitory GABA and glycine - causes lockjaw
Parenteral - sexual - maternal fecal routes - 3 months
Triple therapy - metronidazole - bismuth - either tetracycline or amoxicillin OR metro - omeprazole and clarithromycin
26. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
biogenesis
DNA hepadnavirus
Reactivation HSV - cyrptosporidious - isospora - disseminated coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis PNA
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
27. What does pneumocystis jeroveci cause - How is it diagnosed - and in who do you see it in
Interstitial pneumonia - AIDS - diffuse bilateral CXR appearance - dx by lung biopsy or lavage - ID- ed by methanamine silver stain of lung tissue
Surface F protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fus and form multinucleated cells
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - thrombocytopenia - growth retardation
Francesco Redi
28. What makes up the cell membrane of mycobacterium
flagella - description
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Mycolic acid - high lipid content
29. What is the organism and vector for Q fever
S. aureus
plasmid - function
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti
Clostridium - cornybacterium - bacillus - listeria - mycobacterium (acid fast)
30. No metabolic activity
dormant
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - suprapubic pain - WBCs but not casts in urine
Gives rigid support - protects against osmotic pressure - sugar backbone with cross linked peptide side chains
Lynn Margulis - gen. information
31. 37 celsius
HCV
Blastomycosis - states east of mississippi river and central america
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
how many degrees celsius for yeast?
32. Which virus determines infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus - and what will the progeny of this infection have
C. trachomatis (L1- L3) - lymphgranuloma venereum
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A
Common cold
hyperthermophiles
33. What kind of lesion is characteristic of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
food thickeners
ABC
Negative
34. Problem with food preservation - canning
single- stranded DNA
botulism
Actinomyces israeli
Influenza virus
35. tissue nematode that causes swelling in the skin and can see worms crawling in the conjunctiva - org - transmission - tx
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
Loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly - diethylcarbamazine
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
36. Thin peptidoglycan layer plus an outer membrane
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -
five fields of microbiology
Group B strep - E. coli
gram- negative cell wall
37. What do you see on blood agar with C. perfringens
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
Endotoxin/LPS - the periplasmic space (location of many beta lactamases)
Double zone of hemolysis
Rickettsiae - chlamydia (Giemsa)
38. Svedberg units
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
S - definition
Cyanophora paradoxa
Staph make it - strep don't
39. What does Anti HBsAg indicate
Shigella
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces
Antibody to HBsAg - indicates immunity to hep B
protozoan infections (5)
40. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Pseudomonas
lysozyme
Borrelia burgdorferi
Viridans group streptococci
41. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Cmv
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
3 groups in archaea
Yersinia enterocolitica
42. What are the lab findings for candida albicans
Klebsiella
Can't make their own ATP - cause mucosal infections
Dimorphic: yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20C - germ tube formation at 37C (diagnostic)
RNA viruses - BOAR = Bunyavirus - Orthomyxovirus - Arenaviruses - Reoviruses
43. What does rhinovirus do
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
people with _____ have some protection against infection with malaria
Common cold
hypertonic solution
44. What kind of virus is HEV and What does it cause
spontaneous generation example
Rapid cell division
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
RNA hepevirs - transmitted enterically and causes water borne epidemics - resembles HAV in course - severity - incubation - high mortality in pregnant women
45. fluffy white cottage chees lesions in mouth of HIV pos pts with pseudohyphae microscopicallly
Candida
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
Toxoplasmosis
N. meningitidis - enterovirus - s pneumo - HSV
46. Can grow with or without oxygen but prefers oxygen
facultative
Capsid protein
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Bacteria - STD
47. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
halophiles
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Meningococci
48. Nucleic acid is replicated; capsids and tails are made
Viridans group streptococci
Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish - praziquantel
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
replication (B)
49. What is the fxn and chemical composition of bacterial pilus/fimbria
plasmid - definition
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
Acid fast organisms
E. coli - proteus
50. Obligate intracellular parasites - most can infect cells of only one host species
Campylobacter
viruses
cytoplasm - definition
cell wall - function