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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you treat actinomyces or nocardia
When nutriets are limited
Clostridium botulinum
pasteurization
SNAP - sulfa for nocardia and actinomyces get pen

2. In which population do paramyxovirus cause disease and What do they cause
Beta hemolytic
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants
Episodes of fever - jaundice and inc AST/ALT
Doxycycline

3. Rodent viruses (not very common)
single- stranded DNA
Wuchereria bancrofti - femile mosquito - 9 months to 1 year after bite to develop symptoms - diethylcarbmazine
botulism
HBV from needle stick

4. Gram- stain: see the difference between gram- positive/gram- negative
Cell Theory
what peptidoglycan is composed of
differential staining example
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

5. What is the triad of HUS
Treponema
capsid - definition
Rickettsia rickettsii
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute renal failure

6. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Actic polymerization
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Paragonimus westermani
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

7. toxoplasma - tricky Ts
Have flagella - disseminate hematogenously - produce H2S - symptoms can be prolonged with Abx - typically a monocytic response
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Protozoan - a TORCH infection
Staph or enteric GNR

8. Lobe- like projections of the cytoplasm Amoeba
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
pseudopodia
N. gonorrhoeae (rare) septic arthritis is more common
Cytoplasm - except influenza and retroviruses

9. What are the two forms of Hansens disease and which patients get which
Lepromatous - diffusely over skin and is communicalbe (immunoCised) tuberculoid limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (immunoCtent
Yersinia - enterocolitica - diarrhea (in day care centers) - causes mesenteric adenitis
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Parotis - orchitis and aseptic meningitis

10. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
infection process of animal viruses (6)
Infectious mononucleosis - Burkitt's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - respiratory secretions - saliva
uncoating (AV)
Red spots with blue/white center on buccal mucosa - rash presents last - spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (vs. truncal rash in rubella)

11. What can PID cause
Motility - protein
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
trichomoniasis...
eukarya domain

12. Methanogens - halophiles - and hyperthermophiles
Herpesviruses - HBV - smallpox
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles
Oral and esophageal thrush
3 groups in archaea

13. perianal pruritis - parasite
Ancylostoma duodenale - necator americanus - larvae penetrate skin of feet - bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Enterobius
H flu type B
icosahedron

14. painless chancre - org and dz
Recombination
Mononuclear cells
Treponema - primary syphillis
Dipicolinic acid

15. What diseases can HSV 1 cause and What is the route of transmission
Many treponemas
Gingivostomatitis - keratoconjunctivitis - temporal lobe encephalitis - herpes labialis - respiratory secretions - saliva
Sterility
Meningitis - waterhouse friderichsen -

16. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Tetracycline or erythromycin
giardia
B anthracis - c. perfringens - c tetani (b cereus and c botulinum also form spores
capsid - definition

17. What enzyme breaks down lactose and Which bacteria produces it
gram stain - definition
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
S. aureus - virulence factor - binds Fc - IgG - inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

18. Lyme dz - ixodes tick that lives on deer and micd
Trichamonas vaginalis - trichomoniasis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Mononuclear cells
CMV

19. noninflammatory - malodorous discharge with a fishy smell: pos whiff test and clue cells - org and dz
flagella - function
smooth ER
Gardnerella vaginialis and bacterial vaginosis
Nonspecific antibody test that reacts with beef cardiolipin - used for screening of syphillis but many biologic false pos including viral infection (mono or hepatitis) some drugs - rheumatic fever - SLE and leprosy (V=viruses - D =drugs R = rheum fev

20. What is weil's disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
Koch's Postulates 1
Actic polymerization
Icterohemorrhagic leptospriosis - sever form with jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn - ; fever hemorrhage and anemia

21. Frothy - yellow- green vaginal discharge with a strong odor appearing within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Antiphagocytic virulence factor
trichomoniasis symptoms
plasmolysis
five fields of microbiology

22. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
Shingles/chickenpox - encephalitis - pneumonia - respiratory secretions
mitochondria - function
Taenia solium - cysticercosis
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms

23. The host cell's plasma membrane
envelope is composed of...
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Naegleria fowleri - freshwater lakes through cribiform plate - amoebas in spinal fluid - amphotericin for survivors
Actinomyces israeli

24. which purified viral nucleic acids are infectious and which are not
chloroplasts - function
Infectious = most of dsDNA (not pox/HBV) (+) strand ssRNA (same as mRNA); non infecitious = (-) ssRNA - dsRNA
Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons infected with rabies virus; commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
Legionella

25. What is seen on with the dermatophytes with KOH prep
Mycobacterium TB (Pott's dz)
Mold hyphae - not dimorphic
Gram neg coccobacillary rods - cultured on chocolate agar with factors V and X NAD+ and hematin OR with S. aureus
B. cereus

26. Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule
Meningococci
VZV - chickenpox
gram- negative cell wall
Avain resevoir

27. What is a positive Monospot test
3 groups in archaea
Trypanosoma bruceii - tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - suramin for blood borne - melarsoprol for CNS infxn
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Aureus does - epidermidis and group B do not

28. Must be able to isolate organism from diseased host and grow organism in pure culture

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29. burns or air
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Parvoviridae
When nutriets are limited
Pseudomonas

30. What is the fxn and chemical composition of the bacterial capsule
how do viruses take over a host cell?
Pseudomonas
bacteriophage - definition
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)

31. In which pts is it dangerous to give live vaccines to...
ImmunoCised - or their close contacts
S. aureus
Brucella sp
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia

32. What bugs can colonize the respiratory mucosa and why
hypertonic solution
Teichoic acid
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP

33. What toxins does S. aureus secrete
Mobiluncus - an anaerobe
Resistant
Enterotoxins - TSST-1 - exfoliatin which causes scalded skin syndrome
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein

34. Through treated sleeping nets and mosquito control
aerobic
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
malaria prevention
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV

35. What is the nl flora of the colon
Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Mumps virus - mumps

36. Contains ribosomes and is associated with protein synthesis
Enterovirus esp coxsackievirus - HSV - HIV - West Nile virus - VZV
Bacterial superinfection
rough ER
Tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) in pork or eggs (neurocystircercosis) in food/water contaminated with human feces

37. trypanosoma - tricky Ts
Actinomyces and nocardia
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness
Gallbladder

38. What toxin does clostridium perfringens have and What does it do
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
endospores are formed via
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase that acta s a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes a gas gangrene

39. Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation - traumatically introduced into the skin causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - little systemic illness
germination
Sporothrix schenckii
Leptospria - borrelia - treponema
Tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols - coxiella burnetti

40. Contains genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes; largest organelle
nucleus
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
Koch's Postulates 1
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

41. What does infxn with vibrio cholerae produce and How does it produce it
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Profuse rice water diarrhea via toxin that permantnely activates Gs inc cAMP
Salmonella - neisseria - brucella - mycobacterium - listeria - francisella - legionella
B cells - fever hepatosplenomegaly - pharyngitis - lymphadenopathy

42. What kind of virus and family are HBV
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Reticulte body - in cytoplast of host
DNA hepadnavirus

43. Pink
Neisseria
cilia - function
gram- negative stain - color
polyhedral shape - defintion

44. Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep - dz - organism
Candida
Tinea versicolor - malassezia furfur
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Fever - malaise leading to agitation - photophobia - hydrophobia leading to paralysis - coma and death

45. How many segments are typically in reoviruses
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
10 to 12
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS
Rickettsiae starts on hands and feet - typhus starts centrally and spreads outwards without involving palms or soles

46. What stain shows legionella
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
ADP- R AB toxin: inc cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1 - causes whooping cough - inhibits chemokine receptor - causing lymphocytosis
Pseudomonas
Silver stain

47. Which are the RNA nucelocapsid viruses
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
cell wall - function
VZV - chickenpox
Severe - daily cycles - parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain - kidneys and lungs

48. Provides structure
Genetic shift - pandemic
cell wall - function
CMV
Staph or enteric GNR

49. intestinal nematode causing infection - eggs are visible in feces - org - tx
Arenaviruses - bunyaviruses - paramyxoviruses - orthomyxoviruses - filoviruses - rhabdoviruses - Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Acsaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
prokaryotes
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection

50. 80S = 60S + 40S
Pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo
ribosomes (eukaryotic) - size
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Doxycycline