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Microbiology

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Which DNA viruses are not linear
Clonorchis sinensis
Mumps virus - mumps
Papilloma - polyoma (circular - supercoiled) and hepadna (circular incomplete)
Borrelia - plasmodium - tryapanosomes - chlamydia

2. Eukaryotic and photosynthetic; can be unicellular - filamentous - or plant- like; includes brown - red - and green algae
Clostridium perfringens
Pasteurella multocida
Mononuclear cells
algae characteristics (3)

3. 1668 - Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation
Francesco Redi
E. Coli produces beta galactosidase
Mycobacterium
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US

4. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Nematode in undercooked meat
humans do not have
Bartonella henselae
importance of microorganisms

5. How do group B strep grow on blood agar
Fever - rash - shock - S aureas - TSST-1
E coli causing UTI and S. aureus causing wound infection
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea
Beta hemolytic

6. Unimmunized child with fever - dysphagia - drooling - and difficulty breathing due edematous cherry red epiglottis
Only borrelia
Epiglottitis H flu type B
Klebsiella pneumo
algae characteristics (3)

7. What are the symptoms of TB
Ferver - night sweats - weight loss - hemoptysis - can be drug resistant
Treponema - tertiary syphillis
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

8. yeast infection
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Cycles occur every other day: dormant form in liver
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
candidiasis

9. What is the TX for mycoplasma pneumonia
myc/myo means
Tetracycline or erythromycin
molds
Encapsulated microbes SHiN

10. foul - smelling greenish vaginal discharge - itching - burning - protozoa - transmission - dx and tx
bacteriophage - definition
motility of bacteria
Trichomonas - sexual - motile trophozoites on wet mount - metronidazole
Attachment to host T cell

11. What shape are campylobacter and What are the lab findings
Staph or H. flu
Comma shaped - s - shaped - oxidase positive - grows at 42 C
uncoating (AV)
Transcribe negative strand to positive - RNA dependent RNA polymerase

12. brain cysts - seizures - parasite
taxonomic hierarchy
S. pneumo - klebsiella - staph
Louis Pasteur
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

13. How does tetanus toxin cause tetanus
Blocka glycine and GABA release - inhibitory NTs from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Cmv
Salk/sabin - IPV/OPV respectively
No envelope

14. What does the quellung reaction test for and What does a positive result indicate
golgi complex - function
Staph make it - strep don't
Encapsulated or not - positive if encapsulated bug is present; capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added
E. coli

15. What organisms stain with PAS

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16. interstitial PNA and biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl's eye) inclusion bodies in HIV pos pt
fimbriae - function
Shingles from VZV - kaposi sarcoma from HHV-8
capsid - definition
Cmv

17. Paramecium
endospores - definition
cilia
Burn wounds - nosocomial pneumonia - pneumonias in cystic fibrosis
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata

18. Will show size and arrangement
ABC
Unimmunised kids
simple staining of bacteria
Taenia solium - cysticercosis

19. What immunolgic infections does s pyogenes cause
Rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
Vagina
Mice - deer
motility of bacteria

20. What are the lab findings for H pylori
Prior HAV infection - protects against reinfection
Toxplasmosis
adsorption (AV)
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment

21. What can PID cause
cell wall - function
Major surface antigen - peptidoglycan for support - teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
HSV-2 - genital herpes
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

22. What proteins do the HIV virus bind on T cells and MACS and what confers immunity to HIV
Enteroviruses - rhinovirus - reovirus (rotavirus)
Metronidazole
Clostridia
CXCR4 on CD4 cells - CCR5 on CD4 and MACS - homozygous CCRF mutation confer immunity - CCR5 heterozygoes have slower course

23. What are possible sequelae of measles infxn
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Mycobacterium
humans do not have
Meningococci

24. Mild respiratory infection
gram- positive stain - explanation
cell membrane - definition
double- stranded RNA
HAV - RNA picornavirus

25. transmitted fecal - oral - short incubation - no carriers usually asymptomatic - hep virus and family
10 to 12
HAV - RNA picornavirus
S. pneumo - H. flu type b - Neisseira - SHiN - IgA protease cleaves IgA
Lactose fermenting enterics

26. What does candida result in with immunoCised pts
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment
Oral and esophageal thrush
oral yeast infections =
plasmid - definition

27. Structure unique to some bacteria
10 to 12
Clonorchis sinensis
yeast
endospores

28. Water aerosols are a risk factor For what nosocomial infection
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Legionella
VZV - chickenpox
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes

29. What species producing watery diarrhea also produces gas gangrene
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
characteristics of bacteria (5)
10%; viral
C. perfringens

30. What kind of exotoxin does V. cholerae have and What does it do
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase - inc Cl - secretion into gut and dec Na absorption - H20 into gut lumen - voluminous rice water diarrhea
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
eukaryotes
Aspepti meningitis - herpangina (febrile pharyngitis) hand foot mouth dz - myocarditis

31. cestode causing cysts in liver - anaphylaxis when released from cysts - org - transmission - pre - surgical tx - and tx
methanogens
Only humoral - stable
Herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
Echinococcus granulosus - ingested eggs in dogs feces - surgeons inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts - bendazoles

32. How do you distinguish EHEC from other kinds of E. Coli
adsorption (B)
Taenia solium - ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork - praziquantel
Does not ferment sorbitol
Children; parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) - mumps - measles and RSV (bronchiolitis - PNA) in infants

33. Allows nutrients in - waste out
cell membrane - function
tetanus
protozoa (3)
N. gono causing gono

34. How can you distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D
Genetic shift - pandemic
Flagellum - pilus - capsule - peptidoglycan - cytoplasmic membrane
Measles - mumps - rubella - MMR
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

35. Unimmunized child with a rash beginning at his head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
S. aureus
John Needham
Protein synthesis - 30S and 50S subunits

36. What can cause food poisoning in undercooked meat
Elementary body - small dense is infectious and enters via endocytosis -; reticulate body replicates in cell by fission - seen in tissue culture
Plasmodium
Francesco Redi - experiment
E. coli 0157:H7

37. What are the 4 Cs of HCV
Rotavirus - adenovirus - norwalk virus
C. diff
RNA flavivirus - transmitted primarily via blood and resembles HBV in its course and severity
Chronic - cirrhosis - carcinoma - carriers

38. What happens when macrophages activate macrophages
halophiles
Pseudomembranous (grey- white membrane) pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
Serratia
IL-1 - lever - TNF - fever/hemorrhagic tissue necrosis - NO - hypotension

39. Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus
Gonococci
Pox - carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Viridans group streptococci
D- K

40. What does HBsAg indicate
characteristics of bacteria (5)
California encephalitis - sandfly/Rift Valley fevers - crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever Not - hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever pneumonia
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - lung cavity aspergilloma 'fungus ball' invasice aspergillosis in immunoCised pts and those with chronic granulomatous disease
Antigen found on the surface on HBV - indicates hepatitis B infection

41. Which bacteria make catalase and which do not

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42. How does invasive aspergillosis present in the HIV pos pt
S. aureus
Children
cilia - function
Pleuritic chest pain - hemoptysis - infiltrates on imaging

43. Bacillus - coccus - and spiral
Reverse transcriptase - HIV - HTLV - T cell leukemia
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Disseminated disease with constintutional symptoms including maculopapular rash on palms and soles - condylomata lata
basic shapes of bacteria

44. What does poxvirus cause

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45. exchange o- f genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
Salpingitis - endometritis - hydrosalpinx - tubo - ovarian abscess; can lead to Fitz - High - Curtis sydnrome - infectino of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
tetanus
Recombination
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella

46. Rash begins on trunk - spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age - agent and dz
gram- negative stain - explanation
Ingestion of preformed toxin
many humans would test antibody positive for this
VZV - chickenpox

47. What kind of microbes cause recurrent infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and why
Toxoplasma - cysts in meat or cat feces - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Genital herpes - warts - cervical cancer from HPV
Catalase pos organisms - remove H2O2 leading to infection - staph
histoplasmosis

48. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation - glycoprotein
vaginal yeast infections can be caused by this
flagella - description

49. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the lag phase
Metabolic activity without division
Streptococcus - staphylococus
cytoplasm - definition
Flulike (acute) - feeling fine (latent) - falling count - final crisis

50. In the bacterial growth curve - what happens in the death phase
Muramic acid
Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
Acute/recent infection
ADP- R AB toxin: heat labile - stimulates adenylate cylcase - heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase - both cause watery diarrhea