Microbiology

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What cancers are associated with EBV virus
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
B. cereus
Rubella german measles
Hodgkin lymphoma - endemic Burkitt lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma


2. Campylobacter is a common antecedent to what neurologic disorder
Beta hemolytic
Guillain barre
Rifampin
Only humoral - stable


3. Bugs in hospital acquired PNA
Mild flulike symptoms with legionella
Fusion and entry
Unimmunised kids
Staph or enteric GNR


4. What does echovirus do
Aseptic meningitis
cell wall - function
Toxocara canis - food contaminated with eggs - diethylcarbamazine
Toxin permanently activates causing rice water diarrhea via induction of cAMP - turns the on on


5. Survival structure produced when food and water are unavailable - dormant - not a life cycle stage
HPV - warts (1 - 2 - 6 - 11) - CIN - cervical cancer (16 - 18) vaccine available
Transformation or competence
endospores - definition
Echinococcus granulosus


6. Which two bacteria are gram pos rods forming long braching filaments resembling fungi
plant kingdom
Actinomyces and nocardia
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Surface protein - lipid bilayer - capsid - nucleic acid


7. What are prion disease caused by
CAMP factor enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
Fungi (pneumocystis) - legionella
capsid - function
Conversion of a normal cellular protein termed prion protein (PrPc) toa beta pleated form (PrPsc) Which is transmissible - resists degradation and facilitates conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc


8. Chemical synthesis and food industry
commercial applications
Inc - inc lymphos - inc - dec
Canned food - honey (causing floppy baby)
Measles


9. trichinella spiralis - tricky Ts
Nematode in undercooked meat
cell membrane - function
S. aureus - Strep pyogenes - group B strep - listeria monocytogenes
Many treponemas


10. Pure culture must cause same disease in test host

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11. Transmitted by ticks - flulike symptoms with spotted rash; damages cardiovascular system and affects permeability of capillaries resulting in spotted rash
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Clonorchis sinensis - undercooked fish - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel
biogenesis
HHV-6; high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash


12. Chronic watery diarrhea in HIV pos pt with acid fast cysts seen in stool
Mice - deer
Bacteria - STD
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is rare - and giant cell PNA in immunoCised
Cryptosporidium


13. What does salmonella typhi cause
Fever diarrhea - headache - rose spots on abdomen
flaccid paralysis
Bacitracin sensitive - antibodies to M protein enhance host defenses - but can give rise to rheumatic fever
Phenotypic missing - infectivity of type B - progeny will of second infection will have coat from virus A


14. What does MOPS stand for with s pneumo
HBsAg - HbeAg - and IgG Anti - HBcAg
Meningitis - otitis media - pneumonia - sinusitis OR - Most Optichin Sensitive
gram- negative cell wall
Bulls eye rash - flulike symptoms


15. Ringworm - athlete's food - jock itch
mitochondria - function
Aerobic gram pos rod - non lactose fermenting - oxidase pos - blue - green pigment - grapelike odor
lysozyme
fungal infection examples (3)


16. What is Treponema - tricky Ts
humans do not have
Spirochete - causes syphillis - or yaws (T. pertenue)
Pneumocystis jerovici PNA - TB - histoplasmosis
Vulvuvaginitis


17. What is the characteristic feature of cells infected by CMV

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18. What are the findings for pressure - cell type - protein and sugar in the CSF with a bacterial meningitis
Inc - inc PMNs - inc - dec
Koch's Postulates 2
five kingdoms of microorganisms
lysis


19. What virus is in the deltavirus family
HDV
Actinomyces israeli
Spastic - trismus (lockjaw and risus sardonicus)
Parvoviridae


20. Nucleic acid is injected into host cell from the capsid through tail sheath - penetrating host cell membrane by contraction of tail (similar to a syringe)
penetration (B)
pasteurization
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)
Protozoan - STD


21. What is the presentation and mechanism of toxin in EHEC
plant kingdom
15-20 - atypical lymphocytes
Dysentery from shiga like toxin - O157:H7 is common serotype - produces HUS
histoplasmosis


22. What are PE signs of PID
Site of endotoxin (LPS) - major surface antigen - lipid A induces TNF and IL-1 - polysaccharide is the antigen
mitochondria - function
what peptidoglycan is composed of
Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) purulent cervical discharge


23. What is the difference in route of infection of botulism in adults vs babies
JC - progressive mutlifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
Adults - preformed toxin - babies - ingestion of spores in honey
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
Immunity and hypersensitivity - tuberculin positive


24. Involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll); contain 70S ribosomes; when hit by light - chlorophyll releases an electron
chloroplasts - function
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Parainfluenza - croup - RSV - bronchiloitis in babies - Rx - ribavirin - Rubeola (Measles) Mumps
Owl's eye inculsions


25. Trichomonas
Rabies - influenza - salk polio - HAV
Many treponemas
flagella
prokaryotic cell membrane (5)


26. What kind does exotoxin from C. botulinum do
not acid- fast - colo
Blocks the release of ACH - causes anticholinergic symptoms - CNS paralysis - especially cranial nerves
Clostridium - bacteroides - actinomyces - lack catalse and superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
Pseudomonas


27. Cilia - flagella - cell wall* - cytoplasm - ribosomes
microbiology
Proteus - klebsiella - H. pylori - ureaplasma - particular kinds have urease
Borrelia - leptospira - treponema
structures of an eukaryotic cell (5)


28. What is yellow fever transmissed by and What are the symptoms
Aedes mosquitos with monkey or human resevoir -; high fever - black vomitus - and jaundice
flagella
ADP- R AB toxin - inactivates EF-2; causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in the throat (similar to pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Protozoan - causes chagas dz - or african sleeping sickness


29. What species producing watery diarrhea produce St and LT toxins - and is the main cause of travelers diarrhea
HCV
Entertoxigenic E. coli
ALT > AST in viral - AST > ALT in EtOH
flagella - function


30. Who typically gets sporothrix

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31. What are the findings for pressure - cells type - protein and surgar in the CSF with a viral meningitis
Nl/inc - inc lymphos - nl - inc - nl
Papilloma - polyoma - hepadnavirus
Togavirus - german 3 day measles
VDRL screens and FTA- ABS


32. Glycocalyx - flagella - fimbriae - pili - cell wall
Gummas (chronic granulomas) - aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis) - argyll robertson pupils
structures of prokaryotic cell
Neisseria
Protects against phagocytosis - polysaccharide (except for B. anthracis which contains D- glutamate)


33. What is the classic triad of infxn with rickettsia and what requirements do they need to grow
Headache - fever - rash (vasculitis) - obligate intracellular that need CoA and NAD+
Animal - except typhi - only in humans
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Topocal miconazole - selenium sulfide


34. How is legionella detected clinically
gram- negative stain - explanation
Bordetella pertussis
staining of bacteria
Antigen in urine


35. Why is the polysaccharide capsule conjugated to a protein
Promote T cell activation and subsequent class switching - alone only IgM antibodies would be produced
gram- positive stain - color
Mice - deer
exceptions to Koch's Postulates 1


36. What does HDV require and What are the possible infxns it can cause
HBsAg as envelope - can coinfect or superinfect (worse prognosis)
C tetani
C. trachomatis - subactue - often undiagnosed - N. gono - acute with high fever; C. trachomatis is the most common STI in the US
Severe pneumonia


37. Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
flagella - description
Streptococcus - staphylococus
Spongiform encephalopathy and dementia - ataxia and death.
Vanc resis enterococci and are important cause of nosocomial infection


38. What happens in stage 3 of lyme disease
archaea domain
Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis
Common cold and SARS
Spikes


39. Which bacteria are alpha hemolytic
Group B are resistant - group A are sensitive - B- BRAS
N. gonorrhea - vancomycin (inhibits gram pos) polymyxin (inhibits gram neg) - nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Endothelium swells and narrows lumen - leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow - damaged endothelium consumes platelets
Strep pneumo and viridans


40. Capsid is removed to release nucleic acid
in prokaryotic cell membranes -
Surfers in the tropics
uncoating (AV)
Beta hemolytic


41. Jaundice - org (sexually transmitted) and dz
histoplasmosis
fungi kingdom
HBC - hepatitis B
Strongyloides stercoralis - larvae penetrate skin - bendazoles or ivermectin


42. Where do VZV cells remain latent
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Viral gastroenteritis
Gram neg rod - urease pos - creates alk envrionment


43. What is the Ghon complex
TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilary lymph node involvment) - primary infection or exposure
Rotavirus - dsRNA reovirus - villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and H2O - day care centers and kindegartnes
flagella - function
Salmonella


44. Which bacteria is an important cause of subacute endocarditis and bacteremia in colon cancer patients
what many pathogenic fungi are
Entamoeba hisotlytica
Strep bovis - also group D
M. pneumoniae


45. What happens in stage 2 of lyme disease

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46. Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid
Robert Hooke
All of them
capsid - definition
Both are lactose fermenters - both invade intestinal mucosa and can cause blood diarrhea


47. 1876 - Germ Theory of Disease - he proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; proved that a bacterium caused anthrax and provided Koch's postulates
Robert Koch
Congenital infection - mononucleosis with negative monospot - pneumonia - congenital - transfusion - sexual contact - saliva - urine - transplant
Taenia solium - ingestion of eggs - bendazole
Transposition - some flanking genes can be gained and lost - and transferred in conjugation


48. What is the classical presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Cholesterol
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked meat usually pork - larvae encyst in muscle - bendazoles
Insidious onset - HA - non productive cough - diffuse interstitial infiltrate
Proteus mirabilis


49. What organism causes syphillis and what happens in primary syphillis
S. pyogenes - hemolysin antigen for ASO antibody Which is used in the dx of rheumatic fever
Treponema palladium - painless chancre
biogenesis
Pseudomonas


50. Viruses are not considered living; they need to be in a cell; and they do not grow on artificial media

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