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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should be taught upon discharge for someone going home on coumadin as a result of a PE?
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.

2. What should be immediately done for a patient experiencing digoxin toxicity?
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.

3. What is superior vena cava syndrome?
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.

4. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with premature ventricular contractions?
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

5. Where should you place your stethescope to find the ERB's Point?
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.

6. What should you teach someone after they have had a pacemaker placed?

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7. What should you teach your patient about a holter monitor?

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8. What signals an elevated venous pressure based on the internal jugular veins?
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
A nosebleed
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.

9. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.

10. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
Second Left intercostal space

11. What does plan of care include?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.

12. What is the most common cause of arterial insufficiency?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.

13. What is defibrillation?
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.

14. What is pericarditis?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.

15. What should you know about your recovery period after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.

16. What is pulsus paradoxus?
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
Pulmonary edema
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

17. What will the Transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) show that will indicate cardiac tamponade?
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.

18. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in complete heart block?
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).

19. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Don't interfere!

20. What is you see an NA placing cardiac monitor electrodes on a patient. She is placing (-) on the left and (+) on the right what should you do?
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.

21. What are the signs and symptoms of left sided HF?
Open up blood vessels
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.

22. What is labile hypertension?
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

23. What should you teach your patient about an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images

24. What could happen without immediate intervention for a hematoma?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.

25. What is an air embolism?
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Second Right intercostal space.
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

26. What is more harmful a lot of little emboli or one large emboli?
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
One large emboli (smaller=better)
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.

27. What should you do to treat pulmonary edema?
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
Second right intercostal space

28. Which jugular veins give a more accurate estimate of the jugular vein pressure and pressure in the right atrium?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.

29. What should you observe for in someone on bleeding precautions?
Pulse before and after giving.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).

30. What should you teach someone with arterial insufficiency?

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31. What should you do immediately for someone experiencing anticoagulant induced epistaxis?
Cannot
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)

32. What should be done for someone on bleeding precautions?
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.

33. What should you teach your patient about angiography (arteriography)?
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
No radial artery punctures if negative
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.

34. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

35. How is the arterial brachial index (ABI) calculated? Who should perform this? What is normal?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.

36. What is Raynauds disease? Tx?
Pulmonary edema
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Maintain BED REST
Right sided heart failure

37. What is the maintenance for venous access port that isn't being regularly used?
Second right intercostal space
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.

38. What are examples of calcium channel blockers?
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
No radial artery punctures if negative

39. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.

40. What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

41. Where should you place your stethescope to find the mitral (apex) valve?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.

42. What causes essential/primary hypertension?
Idiopathic
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Open up blood vessels
Poorly controlled hypertension

43. What needs to be held during the placement of a femoral artery compression device?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.

44. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo

45. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.

46. What activity should a patient with pericarditis - who is undergoing treatment - be allowed?
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Maintain BED REST
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.

47. What does the device for impedance cardiography consist of?
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.

48. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Open up blood vessels
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.

49. What SE should you look for with calcium channel blocker use?
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).

50. What is intermittent claudication?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.