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NCLEX Cardiac
Start Test
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Subjects
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nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
2. What is the treatment for someone with right sided HF? How do you know working?
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Lower left sternal border
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
3. What should you do if you are going to ventilate someone with an ambu bag?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
4. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
5. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
6. What is more harmful a lot of little emboli or one large emboli?
One large emboli (smaller=better)
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
7. When should a patient call their doctor after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
8. What is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
9. What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
10. What should you teach your patient about MRI?
Lung disease
D/C the med and call the doctor.
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
11. What is characteristic of premature ventricular contractions?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
12. What should be done immediately if a pulmonary embolism is suspected?
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.
13. How should you palpate the apical pulse?
A nosebleed
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
14. What causes secondary hypertension?
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
Open up blood vessels
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
15. How is the arterial brachial index (ABI) calculated? Who should perform this? What is normal?
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Activity intolerance
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
16. What are the four types of pulmonary emboli?
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
17. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Maintain BED REST
Pulmonary edema
18. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
19. What SE should you look for with calcium channel blocker use?
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Cannot
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
20. What are coumadin and heparin used for?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
21. What signals an elevated venous pressure based on the internal jugular veins?
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
22. What are signs and symptoms of an MI?
Lower left sternal border
Pulse before and after giving.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
23. What is you see an NA placing cardiac monitor electrodes on a patient. She is placing (-) on the left and (+) on the right what should you do?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Don't interfere!
24. What is cardiac tamponade? Common causes?
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
25. What lab value is used to evaluate a patient on coumadin? What is the normal value?
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
26. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
One large emboli (smaller=better)
27. What should you do if the PT value is 45 sec?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
28. What type of EKG change indicates MI?
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
29. What is pulsus paradoxus?
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Cannot
30. During an Allen's test don't compress one artery _____ the other.
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Before
31. How long is contrast media in the body?
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Only for a few hours
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
32. What should you watch for with PICC lines that have been in place for 6 months?
Open up blood vessels
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
Right sided heart failure
Air answers (open junctions)
33. What should you do if the patient you are applying cardiac monitor electrodes to is hairy?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
34. What should you teach someone with arterial insufficiency?
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35. What is the antidote for coumadin?
No radial artery punctures if negative
Air embolism
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
36. What could happen without immediate intervention for a hematoma?
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
37. For what disease should you do the Allen's test?
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38. What are the treatments/ S&S of peripheral venous disease?
Second Right intercostal space.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
39. What would make someone more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
40. What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
41. What activity should a patient with pericarditis - who is undergoing treatment - be allowed?
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Maintain BED REST
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
42. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
43. What is characteristic of complete heart block?
A nosebleed
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Second Right intercostal space.
44. What are the S&S associated with right sided heart failure?
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
45. Where should you place your stethescope to find the mitral (apex) valve?
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
46. What should you teach your patient about an abdominal ultrasonography?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
47. What are the steps for adult/child 1 rescuer CPR?
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
48. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Idiopathic
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
49. Where should you place your stethescope to find the ERB's Point?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Lower left sternal border
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
50. What should you not allow if a patient has a negative Allen's test?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
No radial artery punctures if negative
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Sorry!:) No result found.
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