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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should be done immediately if a pulmonary embolism is suspected?
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
No radial artery punctures if negative
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts

2. What is the antidote for coumadin?
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
Second Left intercostal space

3. What are the 2 types of pacemakers?
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

4. When should bleeding precautions be implemented?
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat

5. What things should you do to assess cardiovascular status?
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)

6. Where is the tricuspid valve landmark on the chest?
Lower left sternal border
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
No radial artery punctures if negative
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.

7. If 2 liters of fluid is left in the pericardial sac (cardiac tamponade) and goes untreated what could it cause?
Don't interfere!
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Right sided heart failure

8. When should you be concerned about premature ventricular contraction?
Second Right intercostal space.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).

9. What would make someone more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Protamine Sulfate

10. What should you tell a patient who developed a hematoma in the hospital and is being discharged?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).

11. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Air embolism
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.

12. What SE should you look for with calcium channel blocker use?
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.

13. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.

14. What should you do when applying a femoral artery compression device?
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

15. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value?
One large emboli (smaller=better)
No radial artery punctures if negative
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.

16. How do you prepare a patient for Impedance cardiography monitoring?
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

17. What is the treatment for myocardial infarction?
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).

18. What is the nursing care associated with chemical stress tests (persantine stress test)?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Don't interfere!

19. What should you suspect for someone who post cardiac cath and percutaneous coronary intervention reporting feeling a pop in her left groin followed by a saturated dressing - swelling around site - palpable 2 inch fullness - and a bruit is present?
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L

20. When should a patient call their doctor after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Second left intercostal space
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)

21. Where is the aortic valve landmark on the chest?
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Second right intercostal space
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.

22. What should you teach your patient about a holter monitor?

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23. What activity should a patient with pericarditis - who is undergoing treatment - be allowed?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Maintain BED REST
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

24. What does plan of care include?
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Air answers (open junctions)
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.

25. What is the normal value for arterial pulse? Pulse amplitude? Edema? Reflex?
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.

26. How is the Allen's test done?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Activity intolerance
One large emboli (smaller=better)
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.

27. What is characteristic of ventricular fibrillation?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).

28. What are the S&S associated with right sided heart failure?
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.

29. What condition can cause left sided heart failure?
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).

30. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

31. What is a assessment finding with DVT?

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32. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.

33. What is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Before

34. What is the goal of treatment for an MI? Treatment?
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
Air answers (open junctions)
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

35. Which jugular veins give a more accurate estimate of the jugular vein pressure and pressure in the right atrium?
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
One large emboli (smaller=better)
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc

36. Where is the pulmonic valve landmark on the chest?
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
No radial artery punctures if negative
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Second left intercostal space

37. What type of surgery is done for an aortic dissection?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Only for a few hours
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the

38. What is intermittent claudication?
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.

39. What should you do to treat pulmonary edema?
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
Open up blood vessels
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Second left intercostal space

40. What are signs and symptoms of an MI?
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Second Right intercostal space.

41. What is a therapeutic digoxin level?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.

42. What is CVP? Normal?
Idiopathic
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause

43. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Activity intolerance
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).

44. What should you always assume with a patient who has a central line placed and is experiencing SOB?
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
Air embolism

45. What drugs are most commonly used for angina?
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers

46. What is important to remember when removing a CVC from a patient?
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.

47. What are the S&S of superior vena cava syndrome?
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.

48. Where should you place your stethescope to find the ERB's Point?
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.

49. What is a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Second left intercostal space

50. Should the tubing for a venous access port be included under the dressing site?

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