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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the nursing interventions for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.

2. What are the indications for a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

3. Where is the tricuspid valve landmark on the chest?
One large emboli (smaller=better)
Lower left sternal border
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L

4. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).

5. Where should you place your stethescope to find the ERB's Point?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
Pulse before and after giving.

6. What are the four types of pulmonary emboli?
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

7. What is a nursing diagnosis for arterial occlusion? Tx
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30

8. What does an Allen's test determine?
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.

9. What is epistaxis?
A nosebleed
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.

10. What are the S&S of aortic dissection?
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).

11. How is the arterial brachial index (ABI) calculated? Who should perform this? What is normal?
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).

12. What body systems are affected by digoxin toxicity? S&S?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply

13. What is an air embolism?
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.

14. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Pulse before and after giving.

15. What should you do immediately for someone experiencing anticoagulant induced epistaxis?
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at

16. What should you suspect for someone who post cardiac cath and percutaneous coronary intervention reporting feeling a pop in her left groin followed by a saturated dressing - swelling around site - palpable 2 inch fullness - and a bruit is present?
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
Before

17. What is INR?
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Protamine Sulfate
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space

18. Test ending in Gram=?
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Iodine
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.

19. What is the treatment for a patient in complete heart block?
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

20. Where should you place your stethescope to find the mitral (apex) valve?
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.

21. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
Activity intolerance
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
Open up blood vessels

22. What should be done immediately if a pulmonary embolism is suspected?
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

23. What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Before
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.

24. Where is the right ventricle landmark on the chest?
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Left sternal border
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.

25. What is the treatment for someone in ventricular fibrillation?
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).

26. What factors place you at risk for HTN?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.

27. Where should you place your stethescope to find the aortic valve?
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Second Right intercostal space.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

28. What would make someone more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Pulse before and after giving.

29. What should be done for someone on bleeding precautions?
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.

30. What should a patient do if they feel chest pain or discomfort?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table

31. When should bleeding precautions be implemented?
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).

32. What should you teach a patient regarding discharge after a DVT?

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33. How is angina treated?

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34. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm

35. What are all the S&S of pericarditis?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.

36. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc

37. What are the steps for infant 1&2 rescuer CPR?
Cannot
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30

38. What is a major complication of central line placement?
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Only for a few hours
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Second left intercostal space

39. What is important to remember when removing a CVC from a patient?
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.

40. What do calcium channel blockers do?
Open up blood vessels
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).

41. What is the normal value for arterial pulse? Pulse amplitude? Edema? Reflex?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images

42. How is the Allen's test done?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers

43. What are examples of calcium channel blockers?
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Second Right intercostal space.
Activity intolerance

44. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.

45. What is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
Idiopathic
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.

46. What will the Transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) show that will indicate cardiac tamponade?
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Pulmonary edema
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30

47. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
No radial artery punctures if negative
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.

48. What is labile hypertension?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.

49. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Air embolism
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr

50. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Second Right intercostal space.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.