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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the antidote for heparin?
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
Protamine Sulfate
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.

2. What drugs are most commonly used for angina?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.

3. What is labile hypertension?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

4. What does vasotec (Enalapril Maleate) do/SE?
Poorly controlled hypertension
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.

5. What is a nursing diagnosis for arterial occlusion? Tx
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).

6. What are the signs and symptoms of left sided HF?
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna

7. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.

8. Where is the right ventricle landmark on the chest?
Air embolism
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Left sternal border

9. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Lung disease
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.

10. What is the purpose of compression devices?
Second left intercostal space
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
Pulse before and after giving.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu

11. What are the 2 types of pacemakers?
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.

12. What SE should you look for with calcium channel blocker use?
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

13. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Pulmonary edema
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.

14. What should be checked in a patient on a beta blocker?
Pulse before and after giving.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.

15. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
One large emboli (smaller=better)
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.

16. What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Lung disease
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

17. What body systems are affected by digoxin toxicity? S&S?
No radial artery punctures if negative
Right sided heart failure
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

18. What are the steps for adult/child 1 rescuer CPR?
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.

19. What should be taught upon discharge for someone going home on coumadin as a result of a PE?
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

20. What are the S&S of superior vena cava syndrome?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches

21. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie

22. What should you always assume with a patient who has a central line placed and is experiencing SOB?
Air embolism
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

23. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Activity intolerance
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Don't interfere!
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).

24. What makes the symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome better? Worse?
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.

25. What is you see an NA placing cardiac monitor electrodes on a patient. She is placing (-) on the left and (+) on the right what should you do?
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.

26. When should you be concerned about premature ventricular contraction?
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
Lung disease

27. What causes essential/primary hypertension?
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Idiopathic

28. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches

29. What should you do immediately if you suspect someone of developing a hematoma?
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.

30. What is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.

31. What is INR?
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

32. What is a therapeutic digoxin level?
Poorly controlled hypertension
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna

33. What is the goal of treatment for an MI? Treatment?
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
D/C the med and call the doctor.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

34. What is an aortic dissection?

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35. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.

36. What is pericarditis?
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.

37. What disease can cause right sided heart failure?
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Air embolism
Lung disease
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat

38. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.

39. What is the nursing care associated with chemical stress tests (persantine stress test)?
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).

40. What should you tell a patient who developed a hematoma in the hospital and is being discharged?
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

41. Which type of patient shouldn't take nitrates?
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

42. What is the maintenance for venous access port that isn't being regularly used?
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.

43. How should you palpate the carotid arteries?
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.

44. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Air embolism
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.

45. What are all the S&S of pericarditis?
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Right sided heart failure
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.

46. What are the nursing interventions for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

47. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
A nosebleed
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.

48. Which jugular veins give a more accurate estimate of the jugular vein pressure and pressure in the right atrium?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border

49. What factors place you at risk for HTN?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.

50. What are the steps for infant 1&2 rescuer CPR?
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.