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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What usually triggers angina pain?
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).

2. What is a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.

3. Where is the right ventricle landmark on the chest?
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Left sternal border
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

4. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Pulmonary edema
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.

5. What are the four types of pulmonary emboli?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

6. What is the treatment for a patient in complete heart block?
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.

7. When should bleeding precautions be implemented?
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

8. A femoral artery compression device ______be assigned to an NA?
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Cannot
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.

9. What should you tell a patient who developed a hematoma in the hospital and is being discharged?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches

10. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply

11. What are the steps for infant 1&2 rescuer CPR?
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.

12. What type of EKG change indicates MI?
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers

13. What is the normal value for arterial pulse? Pulse amplitude? Edema? Reflex?
Maintain BED REST
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.

14. What are the five areas for listening to the heart?

15. What is cardioversion?

16. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.

17. What does vasotec (Enalapril Maleate) do/SE?
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Second left intercostal space
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.

18. What should you do if the patient you are applying cardiac monitor electrodes to is hairy?
Pulse before and after giving.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).

19. For which heart sounds should the diaphragm be used?
Right sided heart failure
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.

20. Where should you place your stethescope to find the aortic valve?
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Second Right intercostal space.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).

21. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

22. What are the two common complications of pericarditis?
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip

23. How does the blood flow through the heart? (valves?)
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.

24. What should you tell someone about taking nitroglycerin tablets (SE)?
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.

25. What should you teach your patient about an exercise ECG (stress test)?
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches

26. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
Idiopathic

27. What signals an elevated venous pressure based on the internal jugular veins?
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.

28. What is important to remember when taking care of patients with compression devices?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

29. What is the treatments for hypertension?
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.

30. What is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

31. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Pulse before and after giving.
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

32. What should the plan of care include for a diagnosis of activity intolerance r/t right sided HF?
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.

33. How is the arterial brachial index (ABI) calculated? Who should perform this? What is normal?
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause

34. What should you teach someone after they have had a pacemaker placed?

35. Where should you place your stethescope to find the mitral (apex) valve?
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).

36. What is the proper way to access and implanted venous access port (IVAP) (Mediport)?

37. How should you palpate the carotid arteries?
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.

38. What is superior vena cava syndrome?
Idiopathic
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.

39. What things should you do to assess cardiovascular status?
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Activity intolerance

40. During an Allen's test don't compress one artery _____ the other.
Before
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Air answers (open junctions)

41. What are signs and symptoms of an MI?
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

42. What nursing interventions are associated with a pt. experiencing ventricular fibrillation?
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.

43. What is more harmful a lot of little emboli or one large emboli?
Pulse before and after giving.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
One large emboli (smaller=better)
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-

44. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in complete heart block?
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).

45. What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin?
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
Second Left intercostal space

46. What should you do if you are going to ventilate someone with an ambu bag?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW

47. How do you prepare a patient for Impedance cardiography monitoring?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

48. Where should you place your stethescope to find the pulmonic valve?
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Second Left intercostal space
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)

49. What is the nursing care associated with chemical stress tests (persantine stress test)?
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!

50. What should you teach your patient about MRI?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Air embolism
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.