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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.

2. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the

3. What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.

4. What does a swan ganz measure?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-

5. What is the nursing care associated with chemical stress tests (persantine stress test)?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.

6. What type of surgery is done for an aortic dissection?
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
No radial artery punctures if negative

7. What are the S&S associated with right sided heart failure?
Cannot
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Air embolism

8. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Second Left intercostal space
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
0.5-2.0 ng/ml

9. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.

10. How is the Allen's test done?
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna

11. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Open up blood vessels
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.

12. What is Raynauds disease? Tx?
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Lower left sternal border
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.

13. What should you teach your patient about an exercise ECG (stress test)?
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

14. What places someone at risk for an aortic dissection?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Activity intolerance
Poorly controlled hypertension

15. What should you know about your recovery period after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.

16. What is labile hypertension?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.

17. What are the steps to perform the heimlich maneuver?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.

18. Who would most likely have peripheral venous disease?
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Iodine
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

19. What does plan of care include?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Second left intercostal space
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.

20. What is a transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE)?
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Protamine Sulfate

21. What is the treatment for myocardial infarction?
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.

22. What are coumadin and heparin used for?
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.

23. What is superior vena cava syndrome?
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Pulse before and after giving.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.

24. What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers

25. When should bleeding precautions be implemented?
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.

26. What can result from left sided heart failure if left untreated?
Pulmonary edema
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.

27. What should be immediately done for a patient experiencing digoxin toxicity?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply

28. What usually triggers angina pain?
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
A nosebleed

29. What is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).

30. What is an aortic dissection?

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31. How is the arterial brachial index (ABI) calculated? Who should perform this? What is normal?
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
Protamine Sulfate

32. What should you teach a patient regarding discharge after a DVT?

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33. What is the antidote for coumadin?
Open up blood vessels
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts

34. What makes the symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome better? Worse?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
One large emboli (smaller=better)
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.

35. Where should you place your stethescope to find the tricuspid valve?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border

36. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
A nosebleed
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.

37. In What time period is the greatest risk of sudden death from an MI?
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).

38. How is angina treated?

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39. What is characteristic of ventricular fibrillation?
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).

40. What should you do immediately for someone experiencing anticoagulant induced epistaxis?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).

41. What is a nursing diagnosis for arterial occlusion? Tx
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.

42. What is pericarditis?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.

43. What is the maintenance for venous access port that isn't being regularly used?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

44. What should be taught upon discharge for someone going home on coumadin as a result of a PE?
Activity intolerance
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

45. What should you do frequently for someone with a central line to help prevent pulmonary emboli?
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.

46. What is characteristic of premature ventricular contractions?
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Activity intolerance
Protamine Sulfate
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.

47. What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin?
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).

48. What is the treatment for someone in ventricular fibrillation?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).

49. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
D/C the med and call the doctor.

50. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.