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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should you teach your patient about a holter monitor?

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2. What is the proper way to access and implanted venous access port (IVAP) (Mediport)?

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3. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.

4. What should be done immediately for someone with PE?
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.

5. For which heart sounds should the diaphragm be used?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.

6. What would make someone more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Lower left sternal border
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

7. How should you palpate the apical pulse?
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

8. In what locations should you not place electrodes?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

9. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Only for a few hours

10. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.

11. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Protamine Sulfate

12. What are the S&S associated with right sided heart failure?
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.

13. What does an Allen's test determine?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.

14. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in atrial fibrillation?
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Only for a few hours
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).

15. What is characteristic of ventricular fibrillation?
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.

16. What should you do immediately for someone experiencing anticoagulant induced epistaxis?
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

17. What should you suspect for someone who post cardiac cath and percutaneous coronary intervention reporting feeling a pop in her left groin followed by a saturated dressing - swelling around site - palpable 2 inch fullness - and a bruit is present?
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.

18. What should you teach your patient about an abdominal ultrasonography?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Open up blood vessels
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts

19. What makes the symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome better? Worse?
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

20. What are common risk factors for an MI?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.

21. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.

22. When should bleeding precautions be implemented?
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.

23. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

24. What is cardioversion?

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25. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.

26. How does the blood flow through the heart? (valves?)
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Pulse before and after giving.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

27. What is important to remember when removing a CVC from a patient?
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Idiopathic

28. What is a major complication of central line placement?
Open up blood vessels
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.

29. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.

30. What is the goal of treatment for an MI? Treatment?
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

31. A femoral artery compression device ______be assigned to an NA?
Cannot
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
A nosebleed

32. What are the two common complications of pericarditis?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Maintain BED REST
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).

33. What activity should a patient with pericarditis - who is undergoing treatment - be allowed?
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Maintain BED REST

34. What is impedance cardiography?
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.

35. What does the device for impedance cardiography consist of?
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)

36. What are signs and symptoms of an MI?
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.

37. Where should you place your stethescope to find the tricuspid valve?
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
Second Right intercostal space.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Second right intercostal space

38. What should you teach your patient about angiography (arteriography)?
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu

39. What should the plan of care include for a diagnosis of activity intolerance r/t right sided HF?
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Include rest periods prior to any activity.

40. What does a swan ganz measure?
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

41. What is a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.

42. What is the treatment for someone with right sided HF? How do you know working?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.

43. What is the treatment for a patient in complete heart block?
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

44. What is a nursing diagnosis for arterial occlusion? Tx
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Only for a few hours
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.

45. What should a patient do if they feel chest pain or discomfort?
A nosebleed
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table

46. What should be checked in a patient on a beta blocker?
Lower left sternal border
Pulse before and after giving.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.

47. What is cardiac tamponade? Common causes?
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr

48. What should you always assume with a patient who has a central line placed and is experiencing SOB?
Air embolism
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.

49. What causes essential/primary hypertension?
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Idiopathic
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.

50. Where is the pulmonic valve landmark on the chest?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Second left intercostal space
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.