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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What factors place you at risk for HTN?
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Second Left intercostal space
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.

2. What should you do immediately if you suspect someone of developing a hematoma?
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.

3. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

4. How should you palpate the apical pulse?
Right sided heart failure
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
D/C the med and call the doctor.

5. Where should you place your stethescope to find the pulmonic valve?
Second Left intercostal space
Maintain BED REST
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip

6. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.

7. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).

8. Where is the aortic valve landmark on the chest?
Second right intercostal space
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Second Left intercostal space
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.

9. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Pulse before and after giving.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).

10. What disease can cause right sided heart failure?
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Lung disease
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.

11. What is characteristic of complete heart block?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

12. What places someone at risk for an aortic dissection?
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Poorly controlled hypertension
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.

13. What is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
Second right intercostal space
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.

14. What is pulsus paradoxus?
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Lower left sternal border

15. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Second Left intercostal space
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna

16. What is important to remember when taking care of patients with compression devices?
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Second Left intercostal space

17. What should be done for someone on bleeding precautions?
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
D/C the med and call the doctor.

18. What are the treatments/ S&S of peripheral venous disease?
Don't interfere!
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.

19. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip

20. What should you teach your patient about an exercise ECG (stress test)?
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.

21. What are the signs and symptoms of left sided HF?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Lung disease

22. What should you not allow if a patient has a negative Allen's test?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
No radial artery punctures if negative
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.

23. What can result from left sided heart failure if left untreated?
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Pulmonary edema
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.

24. What are the nursing interventions for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).

25. For which heart sounds should the bell be used?
Second left intercostal space
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.

26. What is you see an NA placing cardiac monitor electrodes on a patient. She is placing (-) on the left and (+) on the right what should you do?
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).

27. What is Raynauds disease? Tx?
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!

28. What are the S&S of aortic dissection?
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.

29. What signals an elevated venous pressure based on the internal jugular veins?
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.

30. What type of EKG change indicates MI?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.

31. Where should you place your stethescope to find the ERB's Point?
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space

32. What is the most common cause of arterial insufficiency?
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
No radial artery punctures if negative
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

33. What does the device for impedance cardiography consist of?
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Pulse before and after giving.

34. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Lung disease
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

35. What causes secondary hypertension?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.

36. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

37. When should you be concerned about premature ventricular contraction?
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the

38. What should you tell someone about taking nitroglycerin tablets (SE)?
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Second Right intercostal space.
Lung disease
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.

39. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in complete heart block?
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

40. What should be immediately done for a patient experiencing digoxin toxicity?
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.

41. What is the purpose of compression devices?
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Maintain BED REST
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.

42. What are the S&S of air embolism?
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.

43. What are the five areas for listening to the heart?

44. A femoral artery compression device ______be assigned to an NA?
Cannot
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.

45. What are coumadin and heparin used for?
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

46. What is a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Air embolism

47. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
Protamine Sulfate
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo

48. What is superior vena cava syndrome?
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.

49. What body systems are affected by digoxin toxicity? S&S?
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.

50. What is labile hypertension?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).