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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does the device for impedance cardiography consist of?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.

2. What are the S&S of aortic dissection?
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.

3. What should you do immediately for someone experiencing anticoagulant induced epistaxis?
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.

4. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Air embolism

5. What is a therapeutic digoxin level?
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).

6. What should you teach a patient regarding discharge after a DVT?

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7. When should a patient call their doctor after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Pulmonary edema
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.

8. What is the correct way to insert an oropharyngeal airway?
Right sided heart failure
Second left intercostal space
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the

9. How is the arterial brachial index (ABI) calculated? Who should perform this? What is normal?
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
Second Left intercostal space
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).

10. What should you observe for in someone on bleeding precautions?
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Iodine
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.

11. What is labile hypertension?
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

12. How is the Allen's test done?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna

13. What should you do to treat pulmonary edema?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.

14. What causes essential/primary hypertension?
Idiopathic
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

15. What are the steps to perform the heimlich maneuver?
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).

16. What should be done for someone on bleeding precautions?
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.

17. What causes secondary hypertension?
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Pulse before and after giving.
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.

18. What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

19. What drugs are most commonly used for angina?
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Second right intercostal space
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches

20. What are the steps for adult/child 1 rescuer CPR?
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.

21. What should be done immediately for someone with PE?
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Cannot
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

22. What should you teach your patient about angiography (arteriography)?
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.

23. What is a assessment finding with DVT?

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24. What are the nursing interventions for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at

25. What is Raynauds disease? Tx?
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Second left intercostal space
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.

26. A femoral artery compression device ______be assigned to an NA?
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Cannot
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Only for a few hours

27. What will the Transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) show that will indicate cardiac tamponade?
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.

28. What should you teach someone after they have had a pacemaker placed?

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29. What is CVP? Normal?
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.

30. If you see a NA placing a patient with DVT in sitting position with legs dependent what should you do?
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Cannot
D/C the med and call the doctor.
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.

31. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.

32. What are examples of calcium channel blockers?
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.

33. What are general guidelines to be followed by a patient who has an implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.

34. What would make someone more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

35. What activity should a patient with pericarditis - who is undergoing treatment - be allowed?
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
Maintain BED REST
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.

36. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Maintain BED REST
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.

37. What is a major complication of central line placement?
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.

38. What should you know about your recovery period after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.

39. What is the treatments for hypertension?
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.

40. What needs to be held during the placement of a femoral artery compression device?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Don't interfere!
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

41. What should you do if you are going to ventilate someone with an ambu bag?
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea

42. How should you palpate the carotid arteries?
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).

43. What is impedance cardiography?
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Don't interfere!

44. What do calcium channel blockers do?
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Open up blood vessels
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).

45. What is cardioversion?

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46. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.

47. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Activity intolerance
Second Right intercostal space.

48. What should the plan of care include for a diagnosis of activity intolerance r/t right sided HF?
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
Second left intercostal space
Include rest periods prior to any activity.

49. How do you prepare a patient for Impedance cardiography monitoring?
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea

50. What is pulsus paradoxus?
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.