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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should you tell someone about taking nitroglycerin tablets (SE)?
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).

2. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).

3. What SE should you look for with calcium channel blocker use?
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.

4. What should you teach your patient about an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Second right intercostal space

5. What activity should a patient with pericarditis - who is undergoing treatment - be allowed?
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Maintain BED REST

6. What condition can cause left sided heart failure?
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the

7. What is the goal of treatment for an MI? Treatment?
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

8. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with premature ventricular contractions?
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)

9. Where should you place your stethescope to find the aortic valve?
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Second Right intercostal space.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts

10. What should be checked in a patient on a beta blocker?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Pulse before and after giving.

11. What should you always assume with a patient who has a central line placed and is experiencing SOB?
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Air embolism
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-

12. What are the treatments/ S&S of peripheral venous disease?
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Lower left sternal border
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30

13. What lab value is used to evaluate a patient on coumadin? What is the normal value?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.

14. What are the S&S of air embolism?
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

15. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.

16. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value?
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.

17. What places someone at risk for an aortic dissection?
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Poorly controlled hypertension

18. What type of surgery is done for an aortic dissection?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

19. What is labile hypertension?
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

20. What are the S&S of superior vena cava syndrome?
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.

21. What are the indications for a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).

22. What is defibrillation?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.

23. What is the maintenance for venous access port that isn't being regularly used?
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.

24. How is the arterial brachial index (ABI) calculated? Who should perform this? What is normal?
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Pulse before and after giving.

25. What should you do if the patient you are applying cardiac monitor electrodes to is hairy?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.

26. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in complete heart block?
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Only for a few hours
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

27. What will the Transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) show that will indicate cardiac tamponade?
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.

28. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

29. How does the blood flow through the heart? (valves?)
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Maintain BED REST

30. What is an air embolism?
Poorly controlled hypertension
Protamine Sulfate
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.

31. What is more harmful a lot of little emboli or one large emboli?
One large emboli (smaller=better)
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.

32. What should you do if you are going to ventilate someone with an ambu bag?
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the

33. What should you teach your patient about MRI?
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Left sternal border

34. For which heart sounds should the diaphragm be used?
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.

35. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

36. For which heart sounds should the bell be used?
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).

37. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
Lung disease
Left sternal border
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.

38. What should you teach your patient about angiography (arteriography)?
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu

39. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in atrial fibrillation?
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

40. What factors place you at risk for HTN?
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.

41. What should you teach a patient regarding discharge after a DVT?

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42. What is cardioversion?

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43. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.

44. How should you palpate the carotid arteries?
Before
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.

45. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

46. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Open up blood vessels
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

47. What should you observe for in someone on bleeding precautions?
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Open up blood vessels

48. Where is the apex/mitral valve landmark on the chest?
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.

49. What signals an elevated venous pressure based on the internal jugular veins?
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.

50. What are the steps for infant 1&2 rescuer CPR?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

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NCLEX Cardiac

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