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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie

2. What lab value is used to evaluate a patient on coumadin? What is the normal value?
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in

3. Where should you place your stethescope to find the ERB's Point?
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space

4. What is defibrillation?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Lower left sternal border
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.

5. Test ending in Gram=?
Cannot
Iodine
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.

6. What is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

7. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).

8. What should you remember while taking care of someone with a peripheral arterial occlusion?
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

9. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
D/C the med and call the doctor.

10. When should a patient call their doctor after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.

11. What is a therapeutic digoxin level?
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo

12. What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.

13. What is INR?
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)

14. What is labile hypertension?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

15. Who would most likely have peripheral venous disease?
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the

16. How do you prepare a patient for Impedance cardiography monitoring?
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Before

17. What is a major complication of central line placement?
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

18. What needs to be held during the placement of a femoral artery compression device?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Left sternal border
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.

19. What should you tell someone about taking nitroglycerin tablets (SE)?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Pulse before and after giving.

20. What are signs and symptoms of an MI?
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.

21. If 2 liters of fluid is left in the pericardial sac (cardiac tamponade) and goes untreated what could it cause?
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Poorly controlled hypertension
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
Right sided heart failure

22. What activity should a patient with pericarditis - who is undergoing treatment - be allowed?
Only for a few hours
Maintain BED REST
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat

23. How does the blood flow through the heart? (valves?)
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Air answers (open junctions)
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

24. Where is the apex/mitral valve landmark on the chest?
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).

25. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu

26. What is important to remember when taking care of patients with compression devices?
Pulse before and after giving.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.

27. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with premature ventricular contractions?
Pulse before and after giving.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply

28. What should be done immediately if a pulmonary embolism is suspected?
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts

29. What causes secondary hypertension?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.

30. What are coumadin and heparin used for?
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Protamine Sulfate
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.

31. What can result from left sided heart failure if left untreated?
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Pulmonary edema

32. What should you teach your patient about MRI?
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.

33. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in complete heart block?
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).

34. Where do the internal jugular veins lie?
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
Poorly controlled hypertension

35. What does a swan ganz measure?
Second Right intercostal space.
Second Left intercostal space
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

36. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).

37. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu

38. What are common risk factors for an MI?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in

39. What is the antidote for heparin?
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Protamine Sulfate

40. What are the five areas for listening to the heart?

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41. What should you do if you are going to ventilate someone with an ambu bag?
Don't interfere!
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW

42. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).

43. What is an air embolism?
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

44. What are the 2 types of pacemakers?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.

45. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.

46. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.

47. What is the most common cause of arterial insufficiency?
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW

48. What should you teach someone with arterial insufficiency?

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49. What could happen without immediate intervention for a hematoma?
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Poorly controlled hypertension
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.

50. What is CVP? Normal?
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
Only for a few hours
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.