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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Activity intolerance
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.

2. What does a swan ganz measure?
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.

3. What is a therapeutic digoxin level?
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Second right intercostal space
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.

4. What should you teach someone with arterial insufficiency?
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.

5. What can result from left sided heart failure if left untreated?
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
Pulmonary edema
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

6. What is the treatments for hypertension?
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Cannot
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.

7. What should be checked in a patient on a beta blocker?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Pulmonary edema
Pulse before and after giving.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc

8. Where is the apex/mitral valve landmark on the chest?
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Open up blood vessels
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.

9. Where should you place your stethescope to find the ERB's Point?
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border

10. In what locations should you not place electrodes?
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Activity intolerance

11. If 2 liters of fluid is left in the pericardial sac (cardiac tamponade) and goes untreated what could it cause?
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Right sided heart failure
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers

12. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Lower left sternal border
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

13. What needs to be held during the placement of a femoral artery compression device?
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
No radial artery punctures if negative
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

14. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).

15. What is the hallmark clinical finding associated with pericarditis?
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Second Left intercostal space
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.

16. What is cardiac tamponade? Common causes?
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Second left intercostal space
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie

17. What are the two common complications of pericarditis?
Air embolism
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Right sided heart failure

18. What is the most common cause of arterial insufficiency?
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.

19. What is the treatment for myocardial infarction?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.

20. What disease can cause right sided heart failure?
Lung disease
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.

21. What should you teach your patient about a holter monitor?
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.

22. What are common risk factors for an MI?
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

23. What should you teach your patient about MRI?
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Second Right intercostal space.
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

24. How should you palpate the apical pulse?
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+

25. What should you do immediately if you suspect someone of developing a hematoma?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Second right intercostal space
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

26. What should you tell a patient who developed a hematoma in the hospital and is being discharged?
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

27. How is angina treated?
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Pulmonary edema

28. What should you teach your patient about a cardiac catheterization?
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.

29. What should you teach someone after they have had a pacemaker placed?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Maintain BED REST
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).

30. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Only for a few hours
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.

31. What should you teach your patient about an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.

32. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).

33. What do calcium channel blockers do?
Open up blood vessels
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Lung disease
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.

34. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
Second Right intercostal space.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.

35. What should you do frequently for someone with a central line to help prevent pulmonary emboli?
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

36. What is labile hypertension?
Only for a few hours
Maintain BED REST
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

37. What is a transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE)?
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.

38. What are the nursing interventions for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.

39. What factors place you at risk for HTN?
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.

40. What is intermittent claudication?
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Air embolism

41. What should you do to treat pulmonary edema?
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

42. What is angina? Stable vs. unstable?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).

43. What is the treatment for someone with right sided HF? How do you know working?
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.

44. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.

45. What should you do when applying a femoral artery compression device?
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Don't interfere!
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

46. What is the proper way to access and implanted venous access port (IVAP) (Mediport)?
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab

47. Which type of patient shouldn't take nitrates?
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

48. What is impedance cardiography?
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.

49. For what disease should you do the Allen's test?
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
Before
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.

50. What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin?
Maintain BED REST
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
D/C the med and call the doctor.

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