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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the treatment for someone in ventricular fibrillation?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L

2. For which heart sounds should the diaphragm be used?
Lower left sternal border
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm

3. What is characteristic of complete heart block?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Lung disease

4. What should you do immediately for someone experiencing anticoagulant induced epistaxis?
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at

5. What are coumadin and heparin used for?
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

6. What is the treatments for hypertension?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo

7. What does an Allen's test determine?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Don't interfere!
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.

8. What disease can cause right sided heart failure?
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Lung disease
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!

9. What is the nursing care associated with chemical stress tests (persantine stress test)?
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Second Right intercostal space.
Activity intolerance
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

10. What are common risk factors for an MI?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.

11. What are signs and symptoms of an MI?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Second Left intercostal space
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.

12. What is a major complication of central line placement?
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.

13. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in complete heart block?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.

14. What can result from left sided heart failure if left untreated?
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Pulmonary edema

15. What should you do if the patient you are applying cardiac monitor electrodes to is hairy?
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

16. How do you prepare a patient for Impedance cardiography monitoring?
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Right sided heart failure
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.

17. What should you do if you are going to ventilate someone with an ambu bag?
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.

18. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
Open up blood vessels

19. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc

20. What should the plan of care include for a diagnosis of activity intolerance r/t right sided HF?
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.

21. What should happen if someone converts to asystole/flatline?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Second right intercostal space
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).

22. What is epistaxis?
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
Open up blood vessels
A nosebleed
Lung disease

23. What should you do when applying a femoral artery compression device?
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Second left intercostal space
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

24. What are the S&S of air embolism?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Don't interfere!
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

25. What is impedance cardiography?
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.

26. What are examples of calcium channel blockers?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.

27. What are general guidelines to be followed by a patient who has an implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
Lung disease
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.

28. What are the steps for adult/child 1 rescuer CPR?
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

29. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.

30. What type of EKG change indicates MI?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).

31. What makes the symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome better? Worse?
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.

32. What should you teach your patient about an abdominal ultrasonography?
Before
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in

33. What condition can cause left sided heart failure?
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

34. What is the hallmark clinical finding associated with pericarditis?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Cannot
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).

35. What is a assessment finding with DVT?

36. What is the antidote for coumadin?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+

37. What drugs are most commonly used for angina?
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

38. What should you do frequently for someone with a central line to help prevent pulmonary emboli?
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
D/C the med and call the doctor.

39. What is the treatment for someone with right sided HF? How do you know working?
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.

40. How should you palpate the apical pulse?
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.

41. What is defibrillation?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

42. Who would most likely have peripheral venous disease?
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.

43. What should you know about your recovery period after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.

44. What is CVP? Normal?
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
ST segment elevation (STEMI)

45. What is the treatment for myocardial infarction?
Second Right intercostal space.
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).

46. What is an air embolism?
Air embolism
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.

47. In what locations should you not place electrodes?
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.

48. What type of surgery is done for an aortic dissection?
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie

49. What do calcium channel blockers do?
NO because it isn't sterile so keep out.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Open up blood vessels
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).

50. What is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).