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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is impedance cardiography?
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Poorly controlled hypertension
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.

2. Where is the aortic valve landmark on the chest?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Second right intercostal space
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).

3. What makes the symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome better? Worse?
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.

4. What condition can cause left sided heart failure?
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.

5. What is the treatment for someone in ventricular fibrillation?
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).

6. What is intermittent claudication?
Poorly controlled hypertension
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

7. What should you remember while taking care of someone with a peripheral arterial occlusion?
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

8. What are the steps to perform the heimlich maneuver?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.

9. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.

10. If a victim is choking but can cough - speak - or breath what should you do?

11. When should bleeding precautions be implemented?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.

12. What could happen without immediate intervention for a hematoma?
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.

13. What is CVP? Normal?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

14. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.

15. During an Allen's test don't compress one artery _____ the other.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Before
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

16. How does the blood flow through the heart? (valves?)
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Second Right intercostal space.

17. How do you prepare a patient for Impedance cardiography monitoring?
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

18. What are all the S&S of pericarditis?
Pulse before and after giving.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm

19. What type of surgery is done for an aortic dissection?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Lower left sternal border
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.

20. What are general guidelines to be followed by a patient who has an implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Left sternal border

21. What is important to remember when removing a CVC from a patient?
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

22. What should be taught upon discharge for someone going home on coumadin as a result of a PE?
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.

23. What are the indications for a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.

24. What are the S&S of air embolism?
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

25. What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
One large emboli (smaller=better)

26. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD

27. What do calcium channel blockers do?
No radial artery punctures if negative
Open up blood vessels
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.

28. Where should you place your stethescope to find the pulmonic valve?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Second Left intercostal space
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.

29. If you see a NA placing a patient with DVT in sitting position with legs dependent what should you do?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Poorly controlled hypertension
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.

30. What is the antidote for coumadin?
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.

31. What nursing interventions are associated with a pt. experiencing ventricular fibrillation?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Iodine

32. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.

33. What should you do frequently for someone with a central line to help prevent pulmonary emboli?
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.

34. What are the S&S of pulmonary embolism?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

35. What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?
Second Right intercostal space.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.

36. What will a leg with arterial insufficiency look like?
Second right intercostal space
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

37. What should you tell someone about taking nitroglycerin tablets (SE)?
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

38. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

39. What needs to be held during the placement of a femoral artery compression device?
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

40. What should you do when applying a femoral artery compression device?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
One large emboli (smaller=better)
Only for a few hours

41. What is an aortic dissection?

42. What should you do immediately for someone experiencing anticoagulant induced epistaxis?
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.

43. What is cardiac tamponade? Common causes?
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Right sided heart failure
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.

44. What are the signs and symptoms of left sided HF?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
0.5-2.0 ng/ml

45. What is important to remember when taking care of patients with compression devices?
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

46. What should you teach your patient about MRI?
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip

47. What does the device for impedance cardiography consist of?
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.

48. What is the correct way to insert an oropharyngeal airway?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).

49. What signals an elevated venous pressure based on the internal jugular veins?
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Activity intolerance

50. What should a patient do if they feel chest pain or discomfort?
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Protamine Sulfate
A fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compromises cardiac function. It is considered a medical emergency and is a hemodynamic consequence of blood or excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Common causes are surgical or traumat
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table