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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should you know about your recovery period after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.

2. What causes essential/primary hypertension?
Activity intolerance
Idiopathic
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).

3. What is the normal value for arterial pulse? Pulse amplitude? Edema? Reflex?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
0.5-2.0 ng/ml

4. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

5. What are signs and symptoms of an MI?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Idiopathic
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.

6. What are the 2 types of pacemakers?
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.
Air answers (open junctions)
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

7. What can result from left sided heart failure if left untreated?
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
Pulmonary edema
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Activity intolerance

8. What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.

9. What is the purpose of compression devices?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.

10. What are common risk factors for an MI?
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

11. What should be immediately done for a patient experiencing digoxin toxicity?
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.

12. What should you do when applying a femoral artery compression device?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Lung disease
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

13. What is the hallmark clinical finding associated with pericarditis?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.

14. What is the correct way to insert an oropharyngeal airway?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Air answers (open junctions)
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr

15. What should you teach your patient about an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Second Right intercostal space.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images

16. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with premature ventricular contractions?
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.

17. Where is the tricuspid valve landmark on the chest?
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Lower left sternal border
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Second Left intercostal space

18. What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

19. What is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

20. If you see a NA placing a patient with DVT in sitting position with legs dependent what should you do?
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.

21. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.

22. In What time period is the greatest risk of sudden death from an MI?
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.

23. What does a swan ganz measure?
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.

24. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
Second Left intercostal space
Iodine
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply

25. What is more harmful a lot of little emboli or one large emboli?
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
One large emboli (smaller=better)

26. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Lower left sternal border

27. Where should you place your stethescope to find the tricuspid valve?
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
Idiopathic
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.

28. What is a major complication of central line placement?
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers

29. Should the tubing for a venous access port be included under the dressing site?

30. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Activity intolerance
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space

31. What is characteristic of complete heart block?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Pulmonary edema

32. What should a patient do if they feel chest pain or discomfort?
Air embolism
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-

33. What should the plan of care include for a diagnosis of activity intolerance r/t right sided HF?
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.

34. What is characteristic of ventricular fibrillation?
Open up blood vessels
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30

35. What is you see an NA placing cardiac monitor electrodes on a patient. She is placing (-) on the left and (+) on the right what should you do?
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)

36. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Right sided heart failure
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip

37. What are the signs and symptoms of left sided HF?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply

38. In what locations should you not place electrodes?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches

39. What is the antidote for coumadin?
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Lung disease
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)

40. What should you teach someone after they have had a pacemaker placed?

41. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).

42. What should you remember while taking care of someone with a peripheral arterial occlusion?
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!

43. What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
MRI is painless - you must remain still inside a small/noisy space. If you are claustrophobic you may need sedation. Remove all jewelry and other metal objects. If you have any shrapnel - a pacemaker - or any surgically implanted joints - pins - clip
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

44. What should be checked in a patient on a beta blocker?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Pulse before and after giving.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Include rest periods prior to any activity.

45. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.

46. What body systems are affected by digoxin toxicity? S&S?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

47. Where should you place your stethescope to find the pulmonic valve?
Second Left intercostal space
Maintain BED REST
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)

48. What are the S&S of air embolism?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Activity intolerance
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Air embolism

49. What is pulsus paradoxus?
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.

50. What are the steps to perform the heimlich maneuver?
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
0.5-2.0 ng/ml