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NCLEX Cardiac
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.
2. When should you be concerned about premature ventricular contraction?
Cannot
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
3. What should be done immediately for someone with PE?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
4. What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin?
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
D/C the med and call the doctor.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
5. Where do the internal jugular veins lie?
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
6. What should be done for someone on bleeding precautions?
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
7. When should a patient call their doctor after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Air answers (open junctions)
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
8. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
9. What should you always assume with a patient who has a central line placed and is experiencing SOB?
Air embolism
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
10. What should you teach your patient about an abdominal ultrasonography?
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
Iodine
11. During an Allen's test don't compress one artery _____ the other.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Before
12. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
Open up blood vessels
13. Which type of patient shouldn't take nitrates?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
14. Which jugular veins give a more accurate estimate of the jugular vein pressure and pressure in the right atrium?
A nosebleed
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
15. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
16. Where should you place your stethescope to find the pulmonic valve?
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
Second Left intercostal space
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
17. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value?
Before
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
18. What should be immediately done for a patient experiencing digoxin toxicity?
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
19. What is a therapeutic digoxin level?
One large emboli (smaller=better)
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Before
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
20. Where is the aortic valve landmark on the chest?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
Second right intercostal space
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Second Right intercostal space.
21. What should you teach someone with arterial insufficiency?
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22. What is a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
23. What are the steps for infant 1&2 rescuer CPR?
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
24. Where is the apex/mitral valve landmark on the chest?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
25. What should you teach your patient about an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Air answers (open junctions)
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
26. What should you remember while taking care of someone with a peripheral arterial occlusion?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
27. What should you teach someone about iodine?
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
Only for a few hours
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
28. What body systems are affected by digoxin toxicity? S&S?
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
29. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
30. For which heart sounds should the diaphragm be used?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
31. What is intermittent claudication?
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
32. What are the steps to perform the heimlich maneuver?
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
One large emboli (smaller=better)
33. What type of EKG change indicates MI?
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
One large emboli (smaller=better)
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
34. What is the maintenance for venous access port that isn't being regularly used?
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
No magnets (cell phone 6 inches away from) - DO Not DRINK CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES - DO Not ENGAGE In ROUGH ACTIVITIES (FOOTBAll OR WRESTLING) - and no tight clothing over site.
35. What would make someone more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
36. What should you do immediately if you suspect someone of developing a hematoma?
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
37. What are the indications for a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
38. What factors place you at risk for HTN?
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
Left sternal border
39. How is angina treated?
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40. What is pulsus paradoxus?
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
Don't interfere!
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
41. How long is contrast media in the body?
Pulmonary edema
Cannot
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Only for a few hours
42. What is the antidote for coumadin?
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
43. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Maintain BED REST
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
44. What is angina? Stable vs. unstable?
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45. What nursing interventions are associated with a pt. experiencing ventricular fibrillation?
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
(S1 - S2) Third left intercostal space
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
46. What disease can cause right sided heart failure?
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
Lung disease
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
47. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Activity intolerance
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Lung disease
48. What is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
49. What is superior vena cava syndrome?
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
50. What is the hallmark clinical finding associated with pericarditis?
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Open up blood vessels
Sorry!:) No result found.
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