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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.

2. What is more harmful a lot of little emboli or one large emboli?
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
One large emboli (smaller=better)
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.

3. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

4. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value?
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.

5. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Cannot
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie

6. When should you be concerned about premature ventricular contraction?
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.

7. What should you teach someone with arterial insufficiency?

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8. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches

9. What are the S&S of air embolism?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+

10. If 2 liters of fluid is left in the pericardial sac (cardiac tamponade) and goes untreated what could it cause?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Right sided heart failure
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.

11. What is CVP? Normal?
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Maintain BED REST

12. Test ending in Gram=?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Open up blood vessels
Iodine
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

13. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

14. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.

15. What is defibrillation?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border

16. How long is contrast media in the body?
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
Air answers (open junctions)
Only for a few hours

17. What is the hallmark clinical finding associated with pericarditis?
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.

18. What drugs are most commonly used for angina?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.

19. What landmarks should you be looking for on someone's chest?
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Idiopathic
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.

20. What is the correct way to insert an oropharyngeal airway?
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
All People Enjoy Time Magazine= Aortic - Pulmonic - ERB's point - Tricuspid - and Mitral/Apex. P(2) E (3) T (4) MA (5) (locations)
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the

21. What makes the symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome better? Worse?
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.

22. What should you teach your patient about an abdominal ultrasonography?
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

23. Where should you place your stethescope to find the mitral (apex) valve?
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.

24. Where is the apex/mitral valve landmark on the chest?
Lower left sternal border
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.

25. How does the blood flow through the heart? (valves?)
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!

26. What should you do if the PT value is 45 sec?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Pulse before and after giving.
MONA=Magnesium sulfate - O2 - Nitroglycerin - Aspirin (mona has a heart so EKG also if select all that apply).
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.

27. What should be taught upon discharge for someone going home on coumadin as a result of a PE?
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Second right intercostal space

28. What does the device for impedance cardiography consist of?
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).

29. What does plan of care include?
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.

30. What will the Transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) show that will indicate cardiac tamponade?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
The symptoms improve when the patient is sitting in upright position that promotes drainage but worsen with the client is lying down.

31. What is the nursing care associated with chemical stress tests (persantine stress test)?
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

32. What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
Left sternal border

33. What places someone at risk for an aortic dissection?
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Poorly controlled hypertension

34. What are the nursing interventions for a patient in complete heart block?
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).

35. If you see a NA placing a patient with DVT in sitting position with legs dependent what should you do?
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
A nosebleed
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.

36. What should you do if you are going to ventilate someone with an ambu bag?
Cannot
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW

37. What should be done during the insertion of both a CVP catheter and a swan ganz catheter?
Anxiousness - restlessness - tachycardia - tachypneic - 90% SP02 - dyspnea - substernal pain - coughing - hemoptysis - and fever.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
Thromboanglitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease= inflammatory process of arterial wall - veins - and nerves where they become blocked. It is associated with smoking/tobacco use.

38. What are all the S&S of pericarditis?
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.

39. What needs to be held during the placement of a femoral artery compression device?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

40. Where should you place your stethescope to find the aortic valve?
Second Right intercostal space.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images

41. What should be immediately done for a patient experiencing digoxin toxicity?
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.

42. What does an Allen's test determine?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm

43. Where is the right ventricle landmark on the chest?
Left sternal border
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.

44. What should a patient do if they feel chest pain or discomfort?
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

45. What is a nursing diagnosis for arterial occlusion? Tx
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

46. What should you teach a patient regarding discharge after a DVT?

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47. What will a leg with arterial insufficiency look like?
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Pallor - diaphoresis - tachypnea - severe tearing chest pain radiating to back - PULSES In ARMS Are STRONG BUT LEG PULSES Are WEAK - low SP02.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches

48. What are the indications for a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Crushing chest pain that lasts 30 mins or longer and may radiate to the neck - shoulders - or jaw - diaphoresis - nausea - and SOB.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.

49. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Protamine Sulfate

50. What should you teach your patient about a holter monitor?

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