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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should you do immediately if you suspect someone of developing a hematoma?
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).

2. For which heart sounds should the bell be used?
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.

3. What is characteristic of premature ventricular contractions?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
No radial artery punctures if negative
4th left intercostal space lower sternal border
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.

4. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Only for a few hours
Constipation or MAY CAUSE ANKLES TO SWELL (call healthcare provider).
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Activity intolerance

5. What is impedance cardiography?
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.

6. Where is the right ventricle landmark on the chest?
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Left sternal border

7. What is a nursing diagnosis for arterial occlusion? Tx
Fifth left intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Vascular - artery disease causing fluid to back up into the lungs.

8. When should you be concerned about premature ventricular contraction?
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).

9. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.

10. What does plan of care include?
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

11. What is the purpose of compression devices?
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.

12. What is epistaxis?
Pulmonary edema
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
A nosebleed

13. What should you teach your patient about a cardiac catheterization?
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Protamine Sulfate
NO NSAIDS or ASA.
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table

14. What should a patient do if they feel chest pain or discomfort?
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.

15. Where is the aortic valve landmark on the chest?
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Second right intercostal space
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.

16. A femoral artery compression device ______be assigned to an NA?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.
Cannot

17. What is the proper way to access and implanted venous access port (IVAP) (Mediport)?

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18. What is the treatment for someone with right sided HF? How do you know working?
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.

19. What does a swan ganz measure?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
0.5-2.0 ng/ml

20. What should you observe for in someone on bleeding precautions?
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches

21. Where do the internal jugular veins lie?
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
Pulse before and after giving.

22. What is the treatment for someone in ventricular fibrillation?
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).

23. What is a major complication of central line placement?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.

24. What are coumadin and heparin used for?
Second right intercostal space
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.

25. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW

26. What are the signs and symptoms of left sided HF?
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.

27. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with premature ventricular contractions?
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).

28. What is you see an NA placing cardiac monitor electrodes on a patient. She is placing (-) on the left and (+) on the right what should you do?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.

29. What is pericarditis?
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.

30. What lab value is used to evaluate a patient on coumadin? What is the normal value?
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+

31. What is the goal of treatment for an MI? Treatment?
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.

32. What should you teach someone after they have had a pacemaker placed?

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33. What can result from left sided heart failure if left untreated?
Pulmonary edema
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).

34. What is a transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE)?
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Totally disorganized - chaotic pattern - and no discernible waves or complexes.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

35. What are all the S&S of pericarditis?
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.

36. What are the nursing interventions for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Air embolism
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

37. Which type of patient shouldn't take nitrates?
Second Right intercostal space.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.

38. What nursing interventions are associated with a pt. experiencing ventricular fibrillation?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).

39. What is INR?
A drop in systolic BP greater than 12 mm Hg during inspiration indicating a compromise.
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).

40. What is Raynauds disease? Tx?
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.

41. What should you teach your patient about a holter monitor?

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42. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.

43. What should you teach your patient about an exercise ECG (stress test)?
Second Left intercostal space
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-

44. What is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
No clearly defined or measurable P waves and an irregular - irregular ventricular response.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.

45. What should you tell a patient who developed a hematoma in the hospital and is being discharged?
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.

46. What disease can cause right sided heart failure?
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
Lung disease
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.

47. If 2 liters of fluid is left in the pericardial sac (cardiac tamponade) and goes untreated what could it cause?
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Hair loss - muscle mass loss - pallor when elevated - dependent rubor - and prolonged cap refill time.
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!
Right sided heart failure

48. When should bleeding precautions be implemented?
Direct current cardioversion and digoxin/propranolol (inderal).
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.

49. What should you not allow if a patient has a negative Allen's test?
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho
No radial artery punctures if negative
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.

50. What should you always assume with a patient who has a central line placed and is experiencing SOB?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
Air embolism
Poorly controlled hypertension
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

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NCLEX Cardiac

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