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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should you know about your recovery period after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
Don't interfere!
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.

2. What is the correct way to insert an oropharyngeal airway?
Poorly controlled hypertension
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
Left sternal border
Changing the way that you live is the first step. STOP SMOKING!!!! <30% FAT In DIET (don't avoid all fat) - lose weight - exercise - limit salt intake - nitro - Angioplasty (stent insertion) or CABG.

3. How does the blood flow through the heart? (valves?)
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
Direct current shock (defibrillation) and IV anti - arrhythmic drugs (lidocaine - Procainamide - and Bretylium).
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.

4. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Second left intercostal space
One large emboli (smaller=better)
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images

5. Which type of patient shouldn't take nitrates?
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
One large emboli (smaller=better)
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.

6. What is impedance cardiography?
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
Low pitched sounds such as S3 and S4 and the murmur of mitral stenosis. BEL(low)L
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic

7. What should be done immediately for someone with PE?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
To reduce a patients risk of DVT and PE. They include graduated compression stockings - vena cava filters - and intermittent sequential external compression devices.
Nitrates - Beta blockers - and Calcium channel blockers

8. What is a good diagnosis for someone with right sided HF?
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Activity intolerance
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
A complication from a venous access device or port. It is a blockage of the superior vena cava preventing superior blood flow from reaching the heart.

9. What should you remember while taking care of someone with a peripheral arterial occlusion?
Exercise and use graduated compression devices as directed - don't stand for long period of time - to avoid dislodging blood clots don't rub or massage your legs.
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Protamine Sulfate
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!

10. What is characteristic of premature ventricular contractions?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).

11. What is the treatment for premature ventricular contractions?
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.

12. What are the four types of pulmonary emboli?
Lung disease
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.

13. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo

14. What things should you do to assess cardiovascular status?
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
Air answers (open junctions)
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.

15. What should you teach your patient about angiography (arteriography)?
Premature beats that are not preceded by a P- wave - QRS is wide and bizarre - and the T wave of the premature beat is generally large and in the opposite direction of the QRS.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.

16. What nursing interventions are associated with a pt. experiencing ventricular fibrillation?
Left sternal border
Arterial pulse: 60-90 - Amplitude: 4+=strong and bounding - Edema: 0=none - Reflex 2+
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.

17. What should you watch for with PICC lines that have been in place for 6 months?
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Air answers (open junctions)

18. What is defibrillation?
Used in an emergency (Vfib/defib) - used with Vfib or Vtach - NO CARDIAC OUTPUT - client is unconscious - EKG monitor - NO CONSENT NEEDED - begin with 200 Joules and up to 360.
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
Diuretic & Digoxin (dig increases force of contraction and increases perfusion). Know working if client is peeing (kidney perfusion) and more alert!

19. What are the nursing interventions for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Left sternal border
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.

20. What is a therapeutic digoxin level?
0.5-2.0 ng/ml
When they occur >6 per minute or occurring 2 or more in a row (bigeminy or trigeminy=on way out).
Don a protective gown - gloves - and goggles - call Dr - hand pt. emesis basin and raise the HOB 45* (at this angle he can spit out blood and prevent N&V/aspiration - have another nurse firmly press on his nose just below bony part (apply pressure at
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO

21. What is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.

22. What should be immediately done for a patient experiencing digoxin toxicity?
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Stop the medication - address the factors that may have precipitated the event. If life threatening Digibind ay be indicated.

23. What are the 2 types of pacemakers?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.

24. For what disease should you do the Allen's test?

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25. What should you teach a patient regarding discharge after a DVT?

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26. What could happen without immediate intervention for a hematoma?
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Difficulty breathing - pain in midchest and shoulder - pale - nausea - and light headedness.

27. What type of surgery is done for an aortic dissection?
PT. Normal= 12 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PT= 18-30 sec.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.
The damaged portion of the aorta is removed and is repaired with a synthetic graft.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM - cough - orthopnea - exertional dyspnea - cyanosis.

28. How is the Allen's test done?
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
Feeling warm (fire) or tin can taste is expected and will pass.

29. What is a transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE)?
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
Pulmonary edema

30. What is the maintenance for venous access port that isn't being regularly used?
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).
Lung disease
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.

31. What body systems are affected by digoxin toxicity? S&S?
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

32. What is the treatment for a pt. with ventricular tachycardia?
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).

33. What is important to remember when taking care of patients with compression devices?
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
A life threatening emergency that involves a tear in the aorta's intimal layer allowing blood to flow through a false lumen creating a hematoma or false aneurysm.
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.

34. What does vasotec (Enalapril Maleate) do/SE?
Don't interfere!
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Air embolism
Only for a few hours

35. What is more harmful a lot of little emboli or one large emboli?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
(1st) Assess the client for signs of decreased cardiac output and Notify the physician (2nd).
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.
One large emboli (smaller=better)

36. What will be the treatment for an acute episode of life threatening tamponade?
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.
If feel more than 3 shocks in a row or develop signs of infection at the site.
Lung disease
A clinician will perform echocardiogram guided pericardiocentesis with a needle or catheter to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac.

37. What is the nursing care associated with chemical stress tests (persantine stress test)?
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

38. What are the steps for adult/child 1 rescuer CPR?
Awake and alert: IV lidocaine bolus and drip Unconscious - hypotensive - or S&S of angina/CHF: Direct current cardioversion and IV Lidocaine bolus and drip.
The physician injects a local anesthetic into the site - inserts a catheter - and threads it through the artery into the left side of the heart or through a vein into the right side of the heart to your lungs. Next - a dye is injected which may cause
Check for response - activate ERS and AED - open airway with head tilt chin lift - checking breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec each) - check carotid pulse (5-10 sec) - locate CPR hand position - deliver first cycle of compressions (30 compr
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.

39. What does plan of care include?
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
It is noninvasive. You must not eat - smoke - or drink alcohol for 3 hours before the test. WEAR COMFORTABLE SHOES And LOOSE LIGHTWEIGHT SHORTS OR SLACKS - YOU MAY GET AN INJECTION of THAllIUM - after your blood pressure and ECG are monitored for 10-

40. What are the proper steps to changing a central venous catheter dressing?
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
One large emboli (smaller=better)
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Administer 100% O2 - left trendelenburg position - heparin administered - and oral warfarin started (give heparin and warfarin together for at least 5 days).

41. What is an aortic dissection?

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42. How long is contrast media in the body?
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
Only for a few hours
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

43. For which heart sounds should the diaphragm be used?
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
High pitched sounds like S1 and S2 (pericardial friction rubs - aortic/mitral regurgitation murmurs). DIAPH(high)ragm
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).

44. What would make someone more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
Pericardial friction rub: A high pitched squeaking or grating sound during cardiac contraction. It is typically best heard when the patient sits - leans forward - and breaths out.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
A central line placed that measures the right atrial pressure. Normal= 4-10 cm of H20.

45. What is epistaxis?
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
To report to her healthcare provider if she feels a large bump in her groin - if she has groin pain unrelieved by acetaminophen - or if she develops numbness - tingling - etc. in the affected leg.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
A nosebleed

46. Which jugular veins give a more accurate estimate of the jugular vein pressure and pressure in the right atrium?
The internal jugular veins (external are less reliable).
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Second Right intercostal space.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.

47. What should you teach someone with arterial insufficiency?

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48. How should you palpate the apical pulse?
Keep clean and dry for 72 hours - DON'T LIFT The ELBOW OR ARM ON The INCISION SIDE FOR FOUR WEEKS (CAN'T BRUSH HAIR OR TEECH BC PULLS CAN ROLL MARBLES) - DON'T LIFT PUSH OR PULL MORE THAN 10 LBS FOR FOUR WEEKS - take pulse and wt each day - CAll CARD
When not visable - place the patient in the left lateral position - ask them to exhale fully and stop breathing for a few seconds.
A hematoma= bleeding into the soft tissue surrounding the femoral artery access site.
Pulmonary edema

49. What are the treatments/ S&S of peripheral venous disease?
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
Inspect pulses on chest - inspect the internal jugular veins - palpate the apical pulse - palpate the carotid arteries - and auscultate the heart sounds.

50. What is intermittent claudication?
Trendelenburg position for insertion. Pt holds breath to prevent air from entering sinus tract.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.