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NCLEX Cardiac

Subjects : nclex, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the Allen's test done?
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.
Have the patient use the val salva maneuver when the line is being removed (bear down/hold breath) to prevent air from entering where the line was and causing a PE.
Ask patient to make a tight fist - using your index and middle fingers compress both the radial and ulnar arteries to obstruct blood flow to hand - ask pt to relax hand (hand and palm should appear blanched bc flow stopped) - release pressure on ulna

2. What body systems are affected by digoxin toxicity? S&S?
Verapamil (calan) - diltiazem (cardizem) - nifedipine (procardia) - amlodipine (norvasc).
One at a time to assess the pulse amplitude and contour.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
Maintain BED REST

3. What should the plan of care include for a diagnosis of activity intolerance r/t right sided HF?
Aortic valve - Pulmonic valve - right ventricle - tricuspid valve - and apex or mitral valve.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Whether the patients ulnar and radial arteries are patent.
BIRTH CONTROL PILL (LEADING CAUSE of HTN In YOUNG WOMEN-45=STILL YOUNG) - BLACK Male (then white male - than black female - then white female) - obesity - smoking - stress - high Na diet - lack of exercise - age - sex - race - or noncompliance.

4. In What time period is the greatest risk of sudden death from an MI?
Idiopathic
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Used to detect an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This noninvasive test takes 15 to 30 mins. They apply conductive gel to your abdomen and move a transducer over abdomen to scan blood vessels. Sound waves bouncing off anatomic structures are translated in
In the first 72 hours!!!!!

5. How long is contrast media in the body?
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Only for a few hours
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).

6. What are the S&S associated with right sided heart failure?
INTERVENE: to control edema and decrease pain patient should be on bed rest with legs elevated six inches above heart level.
Lower HOB - place patient supine - assess LOC - open airway - assess breathing - get ambu bag - put on gloves - connect tubing from O2 source - adjust flow to 10 to 15 liters. First RESCUER: PLACE APEX of MASK OVER BRIDGE of NOSE And BASE BETWEEN LOW
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Stable: the feeling comes and goes at expected times. Unstable: the pattern of your pain has changed (longer - hurts more - etc.)

7. When would a nurse use an external femoral artery compression device?
Right atrium - TRICUSPID VALVE (tissue) - right ventricle - PULMONIC VALVE (paper) - lungs - left atrium - MITRAL VALVE (My) - left ventricle - AORTIC VALVE (Assets). Tissue PAPER MY ASSETS!
Second left intercostal space
Before
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).

8. What should be done is a patient on anticoagulants suffers from epistaxis for more than 15 mins?
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
CPR should be done. No defibrillation bc no rhythm to shock (heart already depolarized).
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

9. What is the treatments for hypertension?
Varicose veins - elevate legs - weight reduction - brawny in color - ted hose - topical steroids - ulcers - and skin color changes.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Decrease in weight - diuretics (watch K loss) - aldactone (k sparing but check renal fx) - inderal (do Not give to asthma patients or diabetic patients) - more exercise - no smoking - and decreased Na intake.

10. Where is the right ventricle landmark on the chest?
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
Left sternal border

11. What should you explain to the patient about an impedance cardiography test?
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).
It will take 5 mins and he/she should remain quiet for about 1 minute without talking or moving.
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.

12. What is the antidote for coumadin?
An inflammation of the pericardium. It may result in MI.
Vitamin K (aqua myphiton)
Elderly - hypothyroidism - renal dysfunction - dehydration - HYPOKALEMIA - hypomagnesemia - or hypercalcemia. Patients with abnormal potassium levels have a higher risk because hypokalemia makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.

13. What should you teach your patient about angiography (arteriography)?
Smoking - elevated cholesterol - diabetes - hypertension - old age - and family hx of coronary artery disease.
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.

14. What should you do to treat pulmonary edema?
Fatigue - JVD - Increased peripheral venous pressure - ascites - anorexia/complaints of GI distress - cyanosis - and dependent edema.
Gently insert the oropharyngeal airway by turning it upside down (into U shape) and slide it into the mouth. As continue to insert rotate it so the ends of the U turn downward into an arch shape after it transverses the oral cavity and approaches the
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

15. What are the indications for a chemical stress test (persantine stress test)?
Fat - Air - DVT - or Amniotic
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
It is a sterile procedure so both nurse and patient should wear a mask - arrange sterile field - remove dressing - assess the catheter insertion site for infection - put on sterile gloves - clean the site moving outwardly in a circular motion - apply
Patient who are unable to tolerate exercise stress testing.

16. What does a swan ganz measure?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
In fatty areas or over major muscles - large breasts - or bony prominences.
Positive Homan's sign (calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of the foot).
D/C the med and call the doctor.

17. What usually triggers angina pain?
It usually occurs when your heart is working harder (ex: exercising - eating large meal - or feeling stress. Also very hot or cold weather).
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
For the first month post op - do not lift more than 10 or 15 lbs. And avoid excessive pushing - pulling - or twisting.
Stop What they are doing - sit down and rest - if prescribed nitroglycerin tablets place one under tongue - if it still remains take another tablet in 5 mins - and if still in pain take another after an additional 5 mins - if still pain after 3 table

18. Which type of patient shouldn't take nitrates?
RAndI= Razor - electric - Aspirin - NO - Needles - small gauge - Decrease - needle sticks - and Injury- protect from. No percodan or NSAIDS - no open toed shoes.
A patient on sildenafil (Viagra) - Cealis - or Levitra bc these drugs together can cause very low blood pressure and heart attack.
Use sterile gloves and aseptic technique - clean skin over port with alcohol or iodine - insert a 21 or 22 gauge HUBER needle (noncoring - won't break apart) attached to syringe or tubing into the middle of the port until rigid back of port is palpab
Clip the hair to allow good contact between the electrodes and the skin (DONT SHAVE).

19. What is Raynauds disease? Tx?
Using both gloved hands - apply firm pressure just above the skin puncture site and over the hematoma to compress the area. Wait at least 15 mins before removing pressure and reassessing the site. Then notify the health care provider.
It is calculated by checking the brachial BP and the ankle BP. The ankle systolic pressure is divided by the brachial systolic. The NA can perform. 0.97-1 is normal anything below indicates ischemia.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.

20. What are the five areas for listening to the heart?

21. If 2 liters of fluid is left in the pericardial sac (cardiac tamponade) and goes untreated what could it cause?
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
They may feel a slight stinging under there tongue when they are dissolving - and they should get a HA (if no HA may not be good bc the pills only last for 6 months). Keep with you at all times.
Right sided heart failure
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!

22. During an Allen's test don't compress one artery _____ the other.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Before
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.

23. Where should you place your stethescope to find the pulmonic valve?
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
Second Left intercostal space
Limit the size of the infarction is the goal. Treatment= thrombolytic therapy (tPA) initiated within 6 hours of the first symptoms= standard treatment.
No radial artery punctures if negative

24. What should you do prior to placing cardiac monitor electrodes on the skin (4 things)?
Stand behind the victim - wrap arms around waist (IF PREGNANT WRAP ABOVE The BABy) - make a fist with one had and place thumb against abdomen midline - grasp fist with other hand - press into victims abdomen with quick upward thrusts.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
It is an elective procedure - where the client is awake - it is synchronized with 'QRS' - the patient is sedated - a consent form must be signed prior to - they are placed on an EKG monitor - and they are shocked with 50-200 Joules.
Give furosemide (lasix) 40-60 mg IV - O2 administration - morphine sulfate 3-5 mg IV - have patient sit up with feet lowered (decreases venous return to the heart) - nitroglycerin given sublingual or IV - and rotating tourniquets (can reduce intratho

25. What are the steps for infant 1&2 rescuer CPR?
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
Fourth or fifth intercostal space at or medial to the midclavicular line.
Check for response - activate ERS - open airway head tilt chin lift - check breathing (5-10 sec) - give 2 breaths (1 sec) with visible chest rise - checks brachial pulse (5-10 sec) - locates CPR finger position - deliver 1st cycle of compressions (30
Pneumothorax and will end up with chest tube to help reinflate lung.

26. When should a patient call 911 after having an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placed?
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Deep in the sternomastoid muscle - so look for pulsations in the soft tissue surrounding that area.
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.

27. What should you teach your patient about an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
It is a noninvasive test that takes 15 mins. Electrodes are applied to sites on your body. You must lie still - relax - and breathe normally and remain quiet. Talking or moving distorts the images
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

28. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
SOB - dyspnea - anxiousness - diaphoresis - cool/clammy skin - distended neck veins - mental status changes - narrowed pulse pressure - hypotension - and faint or muffled heart sounds.

29. What is important to remember when taking care of patients with compression devices?
This noninvasive test takes 24 hours and causes no discomfort. Electrodes are applied to your body - you need to log your activities for a 24 hour period (walking - sleeping - urinating - physical symptoms - and medications). Don't tamper with the mo
Before
You need to maintain use of those devices continually except when the patient is ambulating - bathing - or during physical therapy or skin assessment.
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.

30. What is the most common cause of arterial insufficiency?
Chronic arteriosclerotic disease.
Decreased tissue perfusion. Tx: clot busting treatment must start within 6 hours.
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Leg pain that is brought on by exercise and relieved by rest. It is characteristic of peripheral artery occlusion/ arterial insufficiency. It is dull or cramp like and consistently occurs in the same area of the leg and with same amount of distance.

31. What is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
Hematuria (tea or coca cola colored) - nosebleeds - gingival bleeding (no medicated mouth wash - flossing - or lemon glycerin swabs) - and bruising (assess for abuse w/o caregiver).
A disease in which thrombi trap blood in the deep veins of the pelvis and legs.
Rapid ventricular rate with no relationship to atrial activity and QRS complex is wide and bizarre.
After a sheath removal to apply consistent pressure and prevent bleeding. (Ex: after swan ganz removal).

32. Where is the pulmonic valve landmark on the chest?
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Second left intercostal space
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va

33. What is epistaxis?
File toe nails - if have new shoes only wear 2 hrs/day d/t neuropathy can't feel if problem. To decrease pain of claudication massage legs to increase circulation.
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
A nosebleed

34. What should you go when applying nitroglycerin ointment for angina?
Put on gloves - remove the previous application paper and use a tissue to remove all ointment from the site to prevent overdose - squeeze the prescribed ointment in a thin layer onto a clean ruled application paper - choose an unused site on the ches
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Must be flushed 1x/month with heparin and between treatments.
Posterior nasal packing to stop the blood flow. The LPN CAN DO THIS!

35. What should be checked in a patient on a beta blocker?
Protamine Sulfate
International Normalized Ratio measures blood clotting time and compares it to normal values. 1.0=normal. Most people on anticoagulants are 2-3.
Poorly controlled hypertension
Pulse before and after giving.

36. What are the steps for adult 2 rescuer CPR?
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
The patient may suffer significant blood loss or femoral nerve compression.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc

37. What should you remember while taking care of someone with a peripheral arterial occlusion?
Used to look at vessels. A local anesthetic is injected and a catheter is inserted into a vessel in the area and advanced as necessary. A contrast medium is injected into the vessel than a series of xrays follow. Any flushing sensation/nausea/ or unu
NO TED HOSE - NO SHEETS/BLANKETS - NO COMPRESSION DEVICES - (TEACH NO OPEN TOES SHOES). Lambs wool is okay!
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
NO NSAIDS or ASA.

38. What is an acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
The arteries have narrowed - decreased O2 to tissues= hypoxia to cells.
Lowers BP and makes heart beat stronger. SE: flushed face.
Identify the highest point of pulsation and measure from this point to the sternal angle. A measurement of greater than 3 cm= an elevated venous pressure.
Having the patient supine is ideal but any position is acceptable so long as in same position for each monitoring session - locate clean and dry sensor sites on the neck (in line with earlobe) and thorax (midaxillary at xiphoid process) - connect lea

39. What is impedance cardiography?
BP is elevated or decreased depending on activity.
ICG is a noninvasive way to collect hemodynamic data for assessing patients with heart failure - hypertension - or dyspnea.
An enlarged space indicates fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
Temporary or permanent transvenous PACEMAKER INSERTION - and if the client is symptomatic and showing S&S of decreased cardiac output - GIVE ATROPINE.

40. Without prompt surgery for an aortic dissection What is someone at risk for developing?
Assess and mark the location of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses in affected leg - wash hands and put on sterile gloves - gown - and mask - position device - check circulation and make sure good pedal pulse is present - IMMEDIATELY REPO
PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec.
Stroke - renal or heart failure - paraplegia secondary to compromised blood flow - or death from aortic rupture.
It is a test that examines the hearts response to being stressed by a pharmacologic agent. Persantine and adenosine vasodilate the coronary arteries and cause blood to shunt away from partially occluded coronary vessels. Then dobutamine stresses the

41. What should you always assume with a patient who has a central line placed and is experiencing SOB?
If you feel lightheaded - dizzy - or heart palpitations but feel no shock from the ICD.
Demand: Works PRN (when HR goes below predetermined rate) or Fixed: beats constantly at predetermined rate so no matter what heart does still beats at same rate.
Include rest periods prior to any activity.
Air embolism

42. What is a transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE)?
IV LIDOCAINE BOLUS (50-100 mg) followed by an IV lidocaine drip (suppresses ventricular activity).
Pericardial friction rub - chest pain (sharp and aggravated with breathing) - abnormal EKG findings - possible fever and tachycardia.
A NON INVASIVE doppler exam of the heart via the thorax to detect cardiac tamponade.
One large emboli (smaller=better)

43. What is an air embolism?
The right and left ventricular pressures - cardiac output - arterial venous O2 difference - and pulmonary artery pressure.
Spasms of the arterioles in finger/toes (digits of hands/feet may fall off). Tx: stop smoking - avoid stress & cold - use a vasodilator (calcium channel blocker). No skiing or butcher for career.
When a large air bubble blocks blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
(1st) Assess the client for S&S of decreased cardiac output and Notify physician (2nd).

44. What should you teach your patient about a holter monitor?

45. What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin?
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Check all junctions frequently to make sure secure - especially before patient gets out of bed - and always use tubing with twist lock connections.
Rescuer arrives with AED - turn AED on - select proper pads and apply - clear victim to analyze - clear victim to shock/press shock - resume chest compressions after 1 shock - delivers cycle of compressions at correct rate - pause to allow other resc
(1st) Assess LOC - (2nd) if unconscious= begin CPR - and (3rd) Notify physician.

46. What are the two common complications of pericarditis?
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in pericardial space) and thickening/scarring of the pericardial sac (constrictive pericarditis and possible RHF).
Elevated legs - anticoagulation therapy (aggressive: generally IV heparin) - Be alert for signs of PE.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.
When: using anticoagulants - liver disease - decrease in platelets (less than 150 -000) - hemophilia - using thrombolytic meds - DIC - CA - HIV - chemo - bone marrow problems - and ASA/NSAIDS.

47. What are the S&S of superior vena cava syndrome?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
D/C the med and call the doctor.
Clip hair if necessary - abrade the skin (use abrader pads or fine sandpaper and lightly rub skin using 2 or 3 brisk strokes - improves tracings) - dry skin if necessary - and attach the lead wires to the electrodes before you apply them to the patie
Feeling of fullness in head - tightness around shirt collar - or rings/jewelry that suddenly seem tight - swelling in face - hands - arms - and swollen/cyanotic lips - dyspnea - coughing - hoarseness - chest pain - hemotysis - visable collateral ches

48. What does the device for impedance cardiography consist of?
In the first 72 hours!!!!!
A monitor with four dual electrodes that are applied to the patients neck and thorax.
Correct her and tell her that the (+) lead goes on the left and the (-) lead goes on the right side.
GI - neuro - and cardiac. S&S= yellow/green vision - N&V - bradycardia - and anorexia.

49. What is characteristic of complete heart block?
Close the open catheter lumen with the clamp - and place the pt on their left side in trendelenburg to move the air embolus away from the pulmonic valve. If you hear a churning sound in his chest (a classic sign of air embolus) and the patient starts
Ventricular rate is regular at a rate of 40-60 bpm and there is no relationship of P waves to QRS complexes.
Old truck driver or someone on bed rest or with pelvic trauma.
Steroid treatment or a pregnant woman who is retaining water.

50. What should be taught upon discharge for someone going home on coumadin as a result of a PE?
Need for follow up blood tests - Need to take oral warfarin for at least 3 months - and to reduce current risk encourage weight loss - smoking cessation - and regular exercise.
Air embolism
Explain procedure - stress importance of reporting symptoms. INSTRUCT The PATIENT NO TO EAT DRINK OR SMOKE AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE The TEST. EVALUATE PATIENTS HISTORY FOR ANY CARDIAC CONDITIONS OR MEDICATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH The TEST!!! (No va
(1ST) BEGIN CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (The PT. Is DYING) And NotIFY PHYSICIAN (2ND).