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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose
Osmosis
Hyponatremia
Na+
Modified Trendelenburg
2. 85 - 115 mEq/l
Aldosterone
Hyponatremia
Cl
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
3. Act by altering perception of and response to pain 2. Act on the central nervous system 3. Adverse reactions a. Depress respirations b. Decrease alertness c. Decrease coughing d. Decrease blood pressure and pulse e. Slow peristalsis f. Constrict pupi
Narcotic analgesics
High - Fowler's
Acetaminophen
Cooling blanket
4. Patient pushes button and receives IV analgesia 2. Device has preset dose and frequency limits 3. Nurse must instruct patient in use of device 4. Nurse must continue to assess patient for a. Pain b. Pain relief c. Side effects (vital signs) 5. Studie
Negligence
Patient controlled analgesia
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
5. Decision maker b. Can do complex procedures c. Can give medications via all routes that nurses can give meds d. Is best person for teaching e. Coordinates care f. Performs admission assessments
Registered Nurse
Lithotomy
Supine
Shock
6. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.
Patient controlled analgesia
Acetaminophen
Malpractice
Bacteremia
7. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain
Day of Injury
Stage IV
Supine
Registered Nurse
8. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Sponge bath
Sim's
Wheel Chair Positioning
Bacteremia
9. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium
Aldosterone
Informed consent
Spinal anesthetic
Circulatory overload
10. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Spinal anesthetic
Air embolism
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Stage II
11. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
Risk Factors for operations
Spinal anesthetic
Acute Pain
Osmosis
12. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin
Aspirin
Supine
Spinal anesthetic
Hypertonic
13. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l
Cardiogenic Shock
Air embolism
Low - Fowler's
K+
14. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water
Osmotic pressure
Metabolic alkalosis
Day after
Hypernatremia
15. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
Low - Fowler's
Osmotic pressure
Nursing care during IV infusions
Sponge bath
16. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Hyperkalemia
Trendelenburg
Supine
17. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h
Modified Trendelenburg
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Immediate Post - Op Care
Hypertonic
18. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration
Ego integrity Vs despair
Diffusion
Acute Pain
Osmotic pressure
19. Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver w
Air embolism
CVL
Sponge bath
Hypovolemic shock
20. PH 7.35-7.45 2. pCO2 = 35 - 45 3. pO2 = 80 - 100 4. HCO3 = 22 - 26
Semi - Fowler's
Heat
Blood Gas Values
Sim's
21. Dislodging of needle causes fluid to infiltrate tissues a. Manifestations 1) Edema - blanching - puffiness on under surface of arm 2) Discomfort 3) Slow drip rate 4) Cool to the touch 5) Necrosis and sloughing of tissue with certain drugs (Levophed)
RACE
Osmotic pressure
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Infiltration
22. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
Osmosis
Shock
Modified Trendelenburg
Blood Gas Values
23. On the person's back 2. Maintains alignment
Hyponatremia
Supine
Nursing assistant
Stage IV
24. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Nursing assistant
Changes during aging
Superficial thrombophlebitis
25. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change
Na+
Hypotonic
Air embolism
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
26. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Cooling blanket
Acetaminophen
RACE
Stage I
27. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts
Heat
Hypertonic
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Risk Factors for operations
28. On the person's abdomen 2. Prevents hip flexion contractures
Changes during aging
Respiratory acidosis
Prone
Nursing care during IV infusions
29. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Heat
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Logrolling
Immediate Post - Op Care
30. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Acute Pain
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Hypokalemia
Hypovolemic shock
31. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap
Spinal anesthetic
Bacteremia
Malpractice
Standard (Universal) Precautions
32. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Narcotic analgesics
Blood pressure
Side - lying
NSAIDS
33. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering
CVL
Logrolling
Lithotomy
Cooling blanket
34. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Informed consent
Bacteremia
Hypokalemia
Superficial thrombophlebitis
35. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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36. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm
Restraints
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Spread of Infection
Low - Fowler's
37. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's
CVL
Blood Gas Values
Cardiogenic Shock
Isotonic
38. Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility - gradually sit patient up
Blood pressure
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Sponge bath
Hypokalemia
39. Emergency care can be given to stabilize patient who is not able to give consent. 2. Age of majority is eighteen 3. Unconscious adults need permission for care by parents or spouse if married. 4. Persons who are not alert or have been given mind alte
Informed consent
Shock
Isotonic
Hypernatremia
40. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long
Day of Injury
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Hypertonic
Respiratory alkalosis
41. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs
Spread of Infection
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Nursing assistant
Supine
42. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Informed consent
Hypotonic
Logrolling
Changes during aging
43. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer
Malpractice
Respiratory acidosis
Wheel Chair Positioning
High - Fowler's
44. When opening a sterile package open the first flap away from you B. Never turn your back on a sterile field C. Avoid talking D. Keep all objects within vies; below the waist is not a sterile field. E. Moisture carries organisms through a barrier F. O
Lithotomy
Air embolism
Medications for perioperative
Sterile Field
45. Adjust to retirement C. Adjust to loss of friends - family D. View own death as appropriate outcome of life
Cl
Stage III
Ego integrity Vs despair
Dehydration
46. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
Risk Factors for operations
Supine
Stage III
Osmotic pressure
47. Legs up in stirrups 2. Uses a. Gyn exams b. Perineal surgery 3. Increases risk of venous stasis and deep vein thrombophlebitis
Spinal anesthetic
Registered Nurse
Hyperkalemia
Lithotomy
48. Full thickness skin loss with severe destruction - necrosis - or damage to muscles - bone - or supporting structures
Stage IV
Hyponatremia
Lithotomy
Bacteremia
49. Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms
Modified Trendelenburg
Chronic Pain
Hypotonic
Malpractice
50. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Negligence
Day after
Nursing care during IV infusions
Stage I