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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Na+
Logrolling
Osmosis
Hyponatremia
2. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Na+
NSAIDS
Bacteremia
Immediate Post - Op Care
3. Head and trunk flat with legs elevated 2. Preferred for shock 3. Increases venous return without putting pressure on the diaphragm
Modified Trendelenburg
Low - Fowler's
Osmosis
Circulatory overload
4. Manifestations 1) Headache - flushed skin - tachycardia 2) Venous distention 3) Increased venous pressure 4) Coughing - dyspnea - cyanosis 5) Pulmonary edema b. Prevention 1) Check for preexisting heart condition 2) Monitor flow rate of solution 3) P
Risk Factors for operations
Circulatory overload
Narcotic analgesics
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
5. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis
Metabolic alkalosis
Sterile Field
High - Fowler's
Osmotic pressure
6. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs
Side - lying
Risk Factors for operations
Hyperkalemia
Nursing assistant
7. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
High - Fowler's
Shock
CVL
Acetaminophen
8. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 20 4. Cause: hyperventilation; rebreathe CO2
Respiratory alkalosis
Stage I
Medications for perioperative
Malpractice
9. 135 - 145 mEq/l
Supine
Na+
Spread of Infection
Day of Injury
10. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone
Osmotic pressure
Negligence
Nursing care during IV infusions
Loss of bone density
11. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea
Hypovolemic shock
Informed consent
Metabolic acidosis
Na+
12. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV
Trendelenburg
Wheel Chair Positioning
Hyperkalemia
Sim's
13. Decision maker b. Can do complex procedures c. Can give medications via all routes that nurses can give meds d. Is best person for teaching e. Coordinates care f. Performs admission assessments
Prone
Registered Nurse
Stage II
bicarbonate
14. Caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively
Circulatory overload
Informed consent
Cardiogenic Shock
Spread of Infection
15. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert
Logrolling
Hypertonic
Side - lying
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
16. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
Negligence
Osmotic pressure
Stage III
Hypertonic
17. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing
Aspirin
Nursing care during IV infusions
bicarbonate
Metabolic alkalosis
18. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation
Acetaminophen
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Hypernatremia
Dehydration
19. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage
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20. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery
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21. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration
Ego integrity Vs despair
Modified Trendelenburg
Diffusion
High - Fowler's
22. Legs up in stirrups 2. Uses a. Gyn exams b. Perineal surgery 3. Increases risk of venous stasis and deep vein thrombophlebitis
Lithotomy
Stage III
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Epidural anesthetic
23. Needle punctures dura and cerebral spinal fluid lost. 2. Patient at risk for spinal headache.
Spinal anesthetic
Day of Injury
Na+
Supine
24. Dislodging of needle causes fluid to infiltrate tissues a. Manifestations 1) Edema - blanching - puffiness on under surface of arm 2) Discomfort 3) Slow drip rate 4) Cool to the touch 5) Necrosis and sloughing of tissue with certain drugs (Levophed)
Acetaminophen
Day of Injury
Malpractice
Infiltration
25. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long
Prone
Spinal anesthetic
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Hypotonic
26. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Cooling blanket
Ego integrity Vs despair
Air embolism
Stage I
27. Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
High - Fowler's
Medications for perioperative
Chronic Pain
28. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.
Na+
Stage I
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Malpractice
29. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Hyperkalemia
Isotonic
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Stage IV
30. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry
Diffusion
Dehydration
Day of Injury
Shock
31. Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Hyponatremia
Acute Pain
Infiltration
32. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Nursing assistant
Blood pressure
Wheel Chair Positioning
Local cold
33. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Chronic Pain
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Day after
Medications for perioperative
34. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
Ego integrity Vs despair
Hypernatremia
Sponge bath
Medications for perioperative
35. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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36. Needle does not puncture dura. Spinal headache unlikely. 2. Once sensation and motion return patient may be in any position that is satisfactory for the procedure.
NSAIDS
Na+
Circulatory overload
Epidural anesthetic
37. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Heat
Hypovolemic shock
bicarbonate
38. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer
Respiratory acidosis
Restraints
Sponge bath
Logrolling
39. 22 - 29 mEq/l
Cl
bicarbonate
Acetaminophen
Spinal anesthetic
40. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Low - Fowler's
Hypotonic
Narcotic analgesics
Hypernatremia
41. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change
Air embolism
Ego integrity Vs despair
Hypokalemia
Spinal anesthetic
42. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
Risk Factors for operations
Cardiogenic Shock
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Hyperkalemia
43. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain
Restraints
Semi - Fowler's
Bacteremia
Day of Injury
44. Emergency care can be given to stabilize patient who is not able to give consent. 2. Age of majority is eighteen 3. Unconscious adults need permission for care by parents or spouse if married. 4. Persons who are not alert or have been given mind alte
Informed consent
Acute Pain
K+
Standard (Universal) Precautions
45. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) Weak pulse and ECG changes b. Causes 1) Potassium depleting diuretics 2) Burns 3) Diarrhea - colitis 4) Vomiting c. Management: Potassium replacement -- DO Not give Digoxin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Hyperkalemia
Stage III
Hypokalemia
46. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's
Chronic Pain
Hypernatremia
Isotonic
Spread of Infection
47. Causative agent --> reservoir -->portal of exit --> Mode of transmission -->portal of entry-->susceptible host
Sponge bath
Blood Gas Values
Local cold
Spread of Infection
48. Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous damage or necrosis
Stage III
Prone
Local cold
Low - Fowler's
49. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h
Modified Trendelenburg
Stage I
Hypertonic
Immediate Post - Op Care
50. Analgesic - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Changes during aging
Prone
Aspirin
Sterile Field