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NCLEX Essential Concepts

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations






2. Head and trunk flat with legs elevated 2. Preferred for shock 3. Increases venous return without putting pressure on the diaphragm






3. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin






4. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain






5. Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous damage or necrosis






6. Cold vasoconstricts and controls bleeding and swelling 2. Local anesthetic effect 3. Intermittently applied 4. Sterile technique for open wound






7. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water






8. Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility - gradually sit patient up






9. Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver w






10. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co






11. 135 - 145 mEq/l






12. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering






13. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs






14. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV






15. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm






16. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe

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17. Causative agent --> reservoir -->portal of exit --> Mode of transmission -->portal of entry-->susceptible host






18. Caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively






19. Decision maker b. Can do complex procedures c. Can give medications via all routes that nurses can give meds d. Is best person for teaching e. Coordinates care f. Performs admission assessments






20. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return






21. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%






22. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts






23. Full thickness skin loss with severe destruction - necrosis - or damage to muscles - bone - or supporting structures






24. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:






25. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation






26. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h






27. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis






28. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a






29. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis






30. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery

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31. A decrease in total blood volume such as hemorrhage - transfusions






32. Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present






33. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory






34. Adjust to retirement C. Adjust to loss of friends - family D. View own death as appropriate outcome of life






35. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium






36. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing






37. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res






38. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness






39. 85 - 115 mEq/l






40. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer






41. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water






42. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap






43. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds






44. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d






45. PH 7.35-7.45 2. pCO2 = 35 - 45 3. pO2 = 80 - 100 4. HCO3 = 22 - 26






46. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l






47. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert






48. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long






49. Caused by a decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction






50. Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms