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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry
Narcotic analgesics
Dehydration
K+
Spread of Infection
2. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea
High - Fowler's
Dehydration
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
3. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change
Na+
Prone
Air embolism
Standard (Universal) Precautions
4. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm
High - Fowler's
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Cooling blanket
Restraints
5. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose
Spread of Infection
NSAIDS
Osmosis
RACE
6. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Nursing care during IV infusions
Aspirin
Stage II
7. Head and trunk flat with legs elevated 2. Preferred for shock 3. Increases venous return without putting pressure on the diaphragm
Hypovolemic shock
Modified Trendelenburg
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Spread of Infection
8. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:
Na+
Prone
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Metabolic alkalosis
9. Emergency care can be given to stabilize patient who is not able to give consent. 2. Age of majority is eighteen 3. Unconscious adults need permission for care by parents or spouse if married. 4. Persons who are not alert or have been given mind alte
Informed consent
Cl
Immediate Post - Op Care
Malpractice
10. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Spinal anesthetic
Stage III
Low - Fowler's
Stage I
11. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone
Circulatory overload
Cardiogenic Shock
Loss of bone density
K+
12. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Semi - Fowler's
Aldosterone
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Informed consent
13. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds
Air embolism
Medications for perioperative
Diffusion
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
14. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l
bicarbonate
K+
Cooling blanket
Acetaminophen
15. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.
Semi - Fowler's
Malpractice
Hypotonic
Respiratory alkalosis
16. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin
Stage II
Ego integrity Vs despair
Hypertonic
Low - Fowler's
17. Act by altering perception of and response to pain 2. Act on the central nervous system 3. Adverse reactions a. Depress respirations b. Decrease alertness c. Decrease coughing d. Decrease blood pressure and pulse e. Slow peristalsis f. Constrict pupi
Supine
Circulatory overload
Narcotic analgesics
Logrolling
18. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return
Osmotic pressure
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Hyponatremia
Trendelenburg
19. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Cooling blanket
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Sponge bath
20. Cold vasoconstricts and controls bleeding and swelling 2. Local anesthetic effect 3. Intermittently applied 4. Sterile technique for open wound
Nursing assistant
Heat
Local cold
Modified Trendelenburg
21. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co
Hyponatremia
Cardiogenic Shock
Blood pressure
Wheel Chair Positioning
22. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
RACE
Hypertonic
Sponge bath
NSAIDS
23. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Blood Gas Values
Hypotonic
Acute Pain
Osmosis
24. Patient pushes button and receives IV analgesia 2. Device has preset dose and frequency limits 3. Nurse must instruct patient in use of device 4. Nurse must continue to assess patient for a. Pain b. Pain relief c. Side effects (vital signs) 5. Studie
Patient controlled analgesia
Trendelenburg
Sterile Field
Narcotic analgesics
25. On left side with lower arm behind the back 2. Good position for administering enema
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26. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
Osmotic pressure
Ego integrity Vs despair
Respiratory alkalosis
Shock
27. Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present
Metabolic acidosis
Stage III
Spread of Infection
Acute Pain
28. Acts of both omission and commission. 2. Failure to provide care that a reasonably prudent heath care professional would provide in the given circumstances. 3. Failure to provide care that meets the accepted standards of care - or giving care that re
Stage II
CVL
Narcotic analgesics
Negligence
29. On the person's back 2. Maintains alignment
Blood pressure
Supine
Blood Gas Values
Sterile Field
30. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d
Medications for perioperative
Aspirin
Stage II
Trendelenburg
31. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
Epidural anesthetic
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Risk Factors for operations
Circulatory overload
32. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Bacteremia
Respiratory alkalosis
NSAIDS
Air embolism
33. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Patient controlled analgesia
Aspirin
Logrolling
Spread of Infection
34. 135 - 145 mEq/l
Metabolic alkalosis
High - Fowler's
Cardiogenic Shock
Na+
35. Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough - dyspnea - rales - tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycard
Stage IV
Hypotonic
Na+
Circulatory overload
36. Legs up in stirrups 2. Uses a. Gyn exams b. Perineal surgery 3. Increases risk of venous stasis and deep vein thrombophlebitis
Spinal anesthetic
Isotonic
Day of Injury
Lithotomy
37. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing
K+
Hyponatremia
Nursing care during IV infusions
Wheel Chair Positioning
38. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water
Hypernatremia
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Immediate Post - Op Care
39. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer
Acute Pain
Respiratory acidosis
Infiltration
Diffusion
40. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Changes during aging
Day after
Loss of bone density
Low - Fowler's
41. Causative agent --> reservoir -->portal of exit --> Mode of transmission -->portal of entry-->susceptible host
Immediate Post - Op Care
Modified Trendelenburg
High - Fowler's
Spread of Infection
42. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Circulatory overload
Wheel Chair Positioning
Prone
Stage II
43. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration
Restraints
Diffusion
Cooling blanket
Osmosis
44. Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility - gradually sit patient up
Blood pressure
Stage I
Hyponatremia
Metabolic acidosis
45. On the person's abdomen 2. Prevents hip flexion contractures
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Negligence
Aspirin
Prone
46. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium
Registered Nurse
Aldosterone
Cardiogenic Shock
Acute Pain
47. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap
Hypotonic
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Bacteremia
Modified Trendelenburg
48. Needle punctures dura and cerebral spinal fluid lost. 2. Patient at risk for spinal headache.
Spinal anesthetic
Stage III
Local cold
Infiltration
49. Manifestations 1) Headache - flushed skin - tachycardia 2) Venous distention 3) Increased venous pressure 4) Coughing - dyspnea - cyanosis 5) Pulmonary edema b. Prevention 1) Check for preexisting heart condition 2) Monitor flow rate of solution 3) P
RACE
Bacteremia
Respiratory alkalosis
Circulatory overload
50. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering
CVL
Logrolling
Cooling blanket
Osmotic pressure
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