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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
Semi - Fowler's
Nursing assistant
Aspirin
RACE
2. Causative agent --> reservoir -->portal of exit --> Mode of transmission -->portal of entry-->susceptible host
Circulatory overload
Shock
Spread of Infection
Stage I
3. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery
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4. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Cl
NSAIDS
Aspirin
Changes during aging
5. Caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Epidural anesthetic
Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing care during IV infusions
6. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm
K+
Sterile Field
Semi - Fowler's
Restraints
7. Full thickness skin loss with severe destruction - necrosis - or damage to muscles - bone - or supporting structures
Day of Injury
Stage III
Informed consent
Stage IV
8. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.
Prone
Malpractice
Diffusion
Circulatory overload
9. Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms
Prone
Immediate Post - Op Care
Circulatory overload
Chronic Pain
10. Caused by a decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Aspirin
Ego integrity Vs despair
RACE
11. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
NSAIDS
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Acetaminophen
12. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) Weak pulse and ECG changes b. Causes 1) Potassium depleting diuretics 2) Burns 3) Diarrhea - colitis 4) Vomiting c. Management: Potassium replacement -- DO Not give Digoxin
K+
Day of Injury
Hypokalemia
Restraints
13. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Immediate Post - Op Care
Day after
Hypovolemic shock
Spread of Infection
14. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l
Shock
Sterile Field
K+
Low - Fowler's
15. Head and trunk flat with legs elevated 2. Preferred for shock 3. Increases venous return without putting pressure on the diaphragm
Cl
Aspirin
Supine
Modified Trendelenburg
16. Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous damage or necrosis
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Stage III
Blood pressure
Shock
17. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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18. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Hypotonic
Trendelenburg
Nursing assistant
Cardiogenic Shock
19. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea
Stage III
Stage I
Metabolic acidosis
Registered Nurse
20. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Changes during aging
Hypovolemic shock
Ego integrity Vs despair
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
21. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
Risk Factors for operations
Narcotic analgesics
Immediate Post - Op Care
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
22. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert
Side - lying
Sim's
Lithotomy
Loss of bone density
23. Needle does not puncture dura. Spinal headache unlikely. 2. Once sensation and motion return patient may be in any position that is satisfactory for the procedure.
Diffusion
Patient controlled analgesia
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Epidural anesthetic
24. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose
Aldosterone
Sponge bath
Osmosis
Air embolism
25. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs
Nursing assistant
CVL
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
NSAIDS
26. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Negligence
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Stage II
Blood pressure
27. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain
Stage IV
Day of Injury
Nursing care during IV infusions
bicarbonate
28. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co
Wheel Chair Positioning
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Sponge bath
29. Dislodging of needle causes fluid to infiltrate tissues a. Manifestations 1) Edema - blanching - puffiness on under surface of arm 2) Discomfort 3) Slow drip rate 4) Cool to the touch 5) Necrosis and sloughing of tissue with certain drugs (Levophed)
Hypokalemia
Infiltration
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Spread of Infection
30. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
Spread of Infection
Malpractice
Shock
Prone
31. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long
Modified Trendelenburg
Osmotic pressure
Spinal anesthetic
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
32. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV
Hyperkalemia
Chronic Pain
Nursing care during IV infusions
Superficial thrombophlebitis
33. 135 - 145 mEq/l
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
K+
Na+
Cardiogenic Shock
34. Decision maker b. Can do complex procedures c. Can give medications via all routes that nurses can give meds d. Is best person for teaching e. Coordinates care f. Performs admission assessments
Osmosis
Sponge bath
Hypotonic
Registered Nurse
35. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 20 4. Cause: hyperventilation; rebreathe CO2
Respiratory alkalosis
Bacteremia
Hypotonic
Superficial thrombophlebitis
36. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Logrolling
Nursing care during IV infusions
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Circulatory overload
37. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change
Air embolism
Sponge bath
Acetaminophen
Shock
38. When opening a sterile package open the first flap away from you B. Never turn your back on a sterile field C. Avoid talking D. Keep all objects within vies; below the waist is not a sterile field. E. Moisture carries organisms through a barrier F. O
Blood pressure
Sterile Field
Acute Pain
Risk Factors for operations
39. A decrease in total blood volume such as hemorrhage - transfusions
Supine
Dehydration
Acetaminophen
Hypovolemic shock
40. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:
Risk Factors for operations
K+
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
41. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water
Blood pressure
Circulatory overload
Respiratory alkalosis
Hypernatremia
42. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds
Stage II
Hyponatremia
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Logrolling
43. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis
Supine
Metabolic alkalosis
Ego integrity Vs despair
Cl
44. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone
Risk Factors for operations
Loss of bone density
Na+
High - Fowler's
45. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe
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46. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Hyperkalemia
Wheel Chair Positioning
Informed consent
Sponge bath
47. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing
Lithotomy
High - Fowler's
Blood pressure
Nursing care during IV infusions
48. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
Sponge bath
Aspirin
Immediate Post - Op Care
Negligence
49. Needle punctures dura and cerebral spinal fluid lost. 2. Patient at risk for spinal headache.
Spinal anesthetic
Narcotic analgesics
Side - lying
Cooling blanket
50. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return
Trendelenburg
Heat
Hypernatremia
Shock