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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Side - lying
Restraints
Cardiogenic Shock
2. Needle does not puncture dura. Spinal headache unlikely. 2. Once sensation and motion return patient may be in any position that is satisfactory for the procedure.
Spinal anesthetic
Supine
Hypovolemic shock
Epidural anesthetic
3. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis
Hypokalemia
Immediate Post - Op Care
Metabolic alkalosis
Modified Trendelenburg
4. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering
Cooling blanket
Hypertonic
Loss of bone density
Blood Gas Values
5. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d
Spread of Infection
Shock
Medications for perioperative
Risk Factors for operations
6. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery
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7. Caused by a decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction
Sterile Field
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Chronic Pain
Heat
8. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Epidural anesthetic
Patient controlled analgesia
bicarbonate
Logrolling
9. Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present
NSAIDS
Superficial thrombophlebitis
High - Fowler's
Acute Pain
10. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l
Bacteremia
Hypernatremia
Immediate Post - Op Care
K+
11. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage
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12. Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough - dyspnea - rales - tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycard
Cooling blanket
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Circulatory overload
K+
13. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain
Malpractice
Side - lying
K+
Day of Injury
14. 135 - 145 mEq/l
Sponge bath
Malpractice
Trendelenburg
Na+
15. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Acetaminophen
Bacteremia
Chronic Pain
16. Act by altering perception of and response to pain 2. Act on the central nervous system 3. Adverse reactions a. Depress respirations b. Decrease alertness c. Decrease coughing d. Decrease blood pressure and pulse e. Slow peristalsis f. Constrict pupi
Cardiogenic Shock
Shock
Acetaminophen
Narcotic analgesics
17. 85 - 115 mEq/l
Aldosterone
Hypokalemia
Nursing assistant
Cl
18. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Nursing care during IV infusions
Acetaminophen
Hypotonic
Medications for perioperative
19. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Aspirin
Lithotomy
Ego integrity Vs despair
20. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
Shock
Heat
Logrolling
Circulatory overload
21. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe
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22. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Respiratory alkalosis
Nursing assistant
Osmosis
23. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap
Bacteremia
Osmotic pressure
Shock
Malpractice
24. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long
Circulatory overload
Hyponatremia
Hypertonic
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
25. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
Blood Gas Values
Heat
High - Fowler's
Osmotic pressure
26. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Hypovolemic shock
Hyperkalemia
Stage I
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
27. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer
Na+
Side - lying
Respiratory acidosis
Restraints
28. When opening a sterile package open the first flap away from you B. Never turn your back on a sterile field C. Avoid talking D. Keep all objects within vies; below the waist is not a sterile field. E. Moisture carries organisms through a barrier F. O
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Ego integrity Vs despair
Sterile Field
Spinal anesthetic
29. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 20 4. Cause: hyperventilation; rebreathe CO2
Wheel Chair Positioning
Respiratory alkalosis
Acute Pain
Malpractice
30. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone
Epidural anesthetic
Modified Trendelenburg
Loss of bone density
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
31. On the person's abdomen 2. Prevents hip flexion contractures
Day of Injury
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Prone
Shock
32. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co
Hyponatremia
Stage III
Blood pressure
Osmotic pressure
33. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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34. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts
Metabolic acidosis
Cardiogenic Shock
K+
Heat
35. Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver w
bicarbonate
CVL
Medications for perioperative
Hypokalemia
36. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Day after
Immediate Post - Op Care
Modified Trendelenburg
Stage I
37. Emergency care can be given to stabilize patient who is not able to give consent. 2. Age of majority is eighteen 3. Unconscious adults need permission for care by parents or spouse if married. 4. Persons who are not alert or have been given mind alte
Semi - Fowler's
Cardiogenic Shock
Supine
Informed consent
38. Acts of both omission and commission. 2. Failure to provide care that a reasonably prudent heath care professional would provide in the given circumstances. 3. Failure to provide care that meets the accepted standards of care - or giving care that re
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Negligence
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
bicarbonate
39. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
Sponge bath
Osmosis
Informed consent
K+
40. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
Malpractice
Stage IV
Narcotic analgesics
RACE
41. Dislodging of needle causes fluid to infiltrate tissues a. Manifestations 1) Edema - blanching - puffiness on under surface of arm 2) Discomfort 3) Slow drip rate 4) Cool to the touch 5) Necrosis and sloughing of tissue with certain drugs (Levophed)
Restraints
Infiltration
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Circulatory overload
42. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin
Restraints
Prone
Hypertonic
Day after
43. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
bicarbonate
Metabolic acidosis
Risk Factors for operations
Hyponatremia
44. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert
Side - lying
NSAIDS
Osmotic pressure
Wheel Chair Positioning
45. On left side with lower arm behind the back 2. Good position for administering enema
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46. Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms
Malpractice
Infiltration
Chronic Pain
Informed consent
47. 22 - 29 mEq/l
Stage II
bicarbonate
Hypotonic
Sim's
48. Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous damage or necrosis
Metabolic acidosis
Trendelenburg
Osmotic pressure
Stage III
49. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water
Sponge bath
Hypernatremia
Stage I
Hypokalemia
50. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return
Hypotonic
Shock
Acetaminophen
Trendelenburg