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NCLEX Essential Concepts

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations






2. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change






3. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a






4. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery

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5. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering






6. Needle does not puncture dura. Spinal headache unlikely. 2. Once sensation and motion return patient may be in any position that is satisfactory for the procedure.






7. Needle punctures dura and cerebral spinal fluid lost. 2. Patient at risk for spinal headache.






8. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin






9. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate






10. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing






11. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l






12. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return






13. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h






14. Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous damage or necrosis






15. Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility - gradually sit patient up






16. On the person's abdomen 2. Prevents hip flexion contractures






17. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering






18. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod






19. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain






20. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's






21. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe

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22. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD

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23. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium






24. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV






25. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis






26. Adjust to retirement C. Adjust to loss of friends - family D. View own death as appropriate outcome of life






27. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds






28. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration






29. Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms






30. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts






31. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone






32. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:






33. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2






34. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co






35. 85 - 115 mEq/l






36. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert






37. Caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively






38. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm






39. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption






40. Caused by a decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction






41. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d






42. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation






43. 22 - 29 mEq/l






44. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap






45. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water






46. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing






47. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer






48. When opening a sterile package open the first flap away from you B. Never turn your back on a sterile field C. Avoid talking D. Keep all objects within vies; below the waist is not a sterile field. E. Moisture carries organisms through a barrier F. O






49. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long






50. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.