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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Act by altering perception of and response to pain 2. Act on the central nervous system 3. Adverse reactions a. Depress respirations b. Decrease alertness c. Decrease coughing d. Decrease blood pressure and pulse e. Slow peristalsis f. Constrict pupi
Circulatory overload
Narcotic analgesics
Stage II
Circulatory overload
2. On the person's abdomen 2. Prevents hip flexion contractures
NSAIDS
Osmosis
Prone
Air embolism
3. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone
Loss of bone density
Respiratory acidosis
Cooling blanket
Nursing assistant
4. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
Stage I
Day of Injury
Blood Gas Values
Sponge bath
5. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long
K+
Local cold
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Spread of Infection
6. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Trendelenburg
Hyponatremia
Stage I
7. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Metabolic alkalosis
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Stage IV
Sim's
8. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation
Day after
Negligence
Dehydration
Acetaminophen
9. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis
Metabolic alkalosis
Wheel Chair Positioning
Dehydration
Air embolism
10. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry
Dehydration
Nursing assistant
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Cooling blanket
11. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 20 4. Cause: hyperventilation; rebreathe CO2
Hypernatremia
Respiratory alkalosis
Isotonic
Ego integrity Vs despair
12. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l
Loss of bone density
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Informed consent
K+
13. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return
Narcotic analgesics
Wheel Chair Positioning
Trendelenburg
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
14. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin
Cardiogenic Shock
Low - Fowler's
Blood pressure
Hypertonic
15. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h
Respiratory acidosis
Immediate Post - Op Care
Sim's
Negligence
16. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Hyperkalemia
Immediate Post - Op Care
Wheel Chair Positioning
Hypernatremia
17. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Day of Injury
RACE
Logrolling
18. PH 7.35-7.45 2. pCO2 = 35 - 45 3. pO2 = 80 - 100 4. HCO3 = 22 - 26
Cardiogenic Shock
Blood Gas Values
Stage I
Hypotonic
19. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts
Heat
Osmotic pressure
Aspirin
Metabolic alkalosis
20. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
Shock
Narcotic analgesics
Lithotomy
Stage III
21. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
RACE
NSAIDS
Medications for perioperative
bicarbonate
22. Manifestations 1) Headache - flushed skin - tachycardia 2) Venous distention 3) Increased venous pressure 4) Coughing - dyspnea - cyanosis 5) Pulmonary edema b. Prevention 1) Check for preexisting heart condition 2) Monitor flow rate of solution 3) P
Circulatory overload
Patient controlled analgesia
Low - Fowler's
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
23. Caused by a decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Metabolic alkalosis
Cardiogenic Shock
Ego integrity Vs despair
24. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Logrolling
Nursing care during IV infusions
Restraints
Narcotic analgesics
25. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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26. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Blood Gas Values
Stage I
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Sim's
27. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe
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28. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering
Respiratory acidosis
Risk Factors for operations
Side - lying
Cooling blanket
29. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Acute Pain
Cl
Hypotonic
Diffusion
30. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
NSAIDS
Stage II
Bacteremia
31. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert
Narcotic analgesics
Side - lying
Day of Injury
Lithotomy
32. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Low - Fowler's
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Day after
Stage II
33. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Malpractice
Hypovolemic shock
Respiratory acidosis
34. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds
Patient controlled analgesia
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Hypotonic
Cooling blanket
35. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap
Aldosterone
Bacteremia
Spinal anesthetic
Ego integrity Vs despair
36. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage
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37. Patient pushes button and receives IV analgesia 2. Device has preset dose and frequency limits 3. Nurse must instruct patient in use of device 4. Nurse must continue to assess patient for a. Pain b. Pain relief c. Side effects (vital signs) 5. Studie
Patient controlled analgesia
Informed consent
Risk Factors for operations
High - Fowler's
38. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a
bicarbonate
Trendelenburg
Changes during aging
Negligence
39. Needle punctures dura and cerebral spinal fluid lost. 2. Patient at risk for spinal headache.
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Air embolism
Spinal anesthetic
Informed consent
40. Decision maker b. Can do complex procedures c. Can give medications via all routes that nurses can give meds d. Is best person for teaching e. Coordinates care f. Performs admission assessments
Registered Nurse
Hyperkalemia
Risk Factors for operations
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
41. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Na+
Cardiogenic Shock
Modified Trendelenburg
42. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs
Bacteremia
Acetaminophen
Nursing assistant
Medications for perioperative
43. Full thickness skin loss with severe destruction - necrosis - or damage to muscles - bone - or supporting structures
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Stage IV
RACE
Hypotonic
44. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Aldosterone
Medications for perioperative
45. Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present
Air embolism
Logrolling
Acute Pain
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
46. Cold vasoconstricts and controls bleeding and swelling 2. Local anesthetic effect 3. Intermittently applied 4. Sterile technique for open wound
Trendelenburg
Spread of Infection
Local cold
Logrolling
47. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Metabolic acidosis
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
48. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
Modified Trendelenburg
Hypotonic
Stage IV
Osmotic pressure
49. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm
Blood Gas Values
Prone
Restraints
Ego integrity Vs despair
50. When opening a sterile package open the first flap away from you B. Never turn your back on a sterile field C. Avoid talking D. Keep all objects within vies; below the waist is not a sterile field. E. Moisture carries organisms through a barrier F. O
Low - Fowler's
Sterile Field
Isotonic
Informed consent