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NCLEX Essential Concepts

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%






2. Cold vasoconstricts and controls bleeding and swelling 2. Local anesthetic effect 3. Intermittently applied 4. Sterile technique for open wound






3. On the person's back 2. Maintains alignment






4. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l






5. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d






6. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h






7. Patient pushes button and receives IV analgesia 2. Device has preset dose and frequency limits 3. Nurse must instruct patient in use of device 4. Nurse must continue to assess patient for a. Pain b. Pain relief c. Side effects (vital signs) 5. Studie






8. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds






9. Decision maker b. Can do complex procedures c. Can give medications via all routes that nurses can give meds d. Is best person for teaching e. Coordinates care f. Performs admission assessments






10. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water






11. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory






12. On left side with lower arm behind the back 2. Good position for administering enema

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13. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD

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14. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs






15. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage

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16. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap






17. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis






18. Manifestations 1) Headache - flushed skin - tachycardia 2) Venous distention 3) Increased venous pressure 4) Coughing - dyspnea - cyanosis 5) Pulmonary edema b. Prevention 1) Check for preexisting heart condition 2) Monitor flow rate of solution 3) P






19. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation






20. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness






21. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return






22. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations






23. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV






24. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin






25. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration






26. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering






27. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water






28. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res






29. 22 - 29 mEq/l






30. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.






31. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a






32. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry






33. Needle does not puncture dura. Spinal headache unlikely. 2. Once sensation and motion return patient may be in any position that is satisfactory for the procedure.






34. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long






35. Emergency care can be given to stabilize patient who is not able to give consent. 2. Age of majority is eighteen 3. Unconscious adults need permission for care by parents or spouse if married. 4. Persons who are not alert or have been given mind alte






36. PH 7.35-7.45 2. pCO2 = 35 - 45 3. pO2 = 80 - 100 4. HCO3 = 22 - 26






37. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts






38. Acts of both omission and commission. 2. Failure to provide care that a reasonably prudent heath care professional would provide in the given circumstances. 3. Failure to provide care that meets the accepted standards of care - or giving care that re






39. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change






40. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption






41. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering






42. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose






43. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea






44. Causative agent --> reservoir -->portal of exit --> Mode of transmission -->portal of entry-->susceptible host






45. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair






46. Lasts more than 6 months B. Appears to serve no useful purpose C. May persist after injury heals D. No autonomic nervous system symptoms






47. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate






48. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) Weak pulse and ECG changes b. Causes 1) Potassium depleting diuretics 2) Burns 3) Diarrhea - colitis 4) Vomiting c. Management: Potassium replacement -- DO Not give Digoxin






49. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis






50. Analgesic - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory