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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Logrolling
Acute Pain
K+
Hypovolemic shock
2. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Trendelenburg
Hyponatremia
Stage II
Patient controlled analgesia
3. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV
NSAIDS
Blood Gas Values
Malpractice
Hyperkalemia
4. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery
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5. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Respiratory alkalosis
Hypertonic
NSAIDS
Cooling blanket
6. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Hyperkalemia
Stage I
Loss of bone density
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
7. Adjust to retirement C. Adjust to loss of friends - family D. View own death as appropriate outcome of life
Ego integrity Vs despair
Registered Nurse
Diffusion
Restraints
8. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose
Circulatory overload
Osmosis
Wheel Chair Positioning
Malpractice
9. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone
Malpractice
Cardiogenic Shock
Changes during aging
Loss of bone density
10. 85 - 115 mEq/l
Cl
Stage IV
Bacteremia
Isotonic
11. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
Prone
Circulatory overload
RACE
Medications for perioperative
12. On left side with lower arm behind the back 2. Good position for administering enema
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13. When opening a sterile package open the first flap away from you B. Never turn your back on a sterile field C. Avoid talking D. Keep all objects within vies; below the waist is not a sterile field. E. Moisture carries organisms through a barrier F. O
Sterile Field
Diffusion
Ego integrity Vs despair
CVL
14. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Osmosis
Wheel Chair Positioning
Logrolling
Metabolic acidosis
15. Caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively
Semi - Fowler's
Lithotomy
Negligence
Cardiogenic Shock
16. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
Osmotic pressure
Cooling blanket
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Spread of Infection
17. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Isotonic
Day after
Aspirin
18. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
Shock
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Registered Nurse
Sponge bath
19. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 20 4. Cause: hyperventilation; rebreathe CO2
Blood Gas Values
Day of Injury
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
20. Patient pushes button and receives IV analgesia 2. Device has preset dose and frequency limits 3. Nurse must instruct patient in use of device 4. Nurse must continue to assess patient for a. Pain b. Pain relief c. Side effects (vital signs) 5. Studie
K+
High - Fowler's
Circulatory overload
Patient controlled analgesia
21. A decrease in total blood volume such as hemorrhage - transfusions
Air embolism
Cardiogenic Shock
Sim's
Hypovolemic shock
22. Head and trunk flat with legs elevated 2. Preferred for shock 3. Increases venous return without putting pressure on the diaphragm
Modified Trendelenburg
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
23. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
Side - lying
Metabolic alkalosis
Shock
Hyperkalemia
24. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) Weak pulse and ECG changes b. Causes 1) Potassium depleting diuretics 2) Burns 3) Diarrhea - colitis 4) Vomiting c. Management: Potassium replacement -- DO Not give Digoxin
Acute Pain
Nursing assistant
Changes during aging
Hypokalemia
25. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Sterile Field
Modified Trendelenburg
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
26. Causative agent --> reservoir -->portal of exit --> Mode of transmission -->portal of entry-->susceptible host
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Spread of Infection
Chronic Pain
K+
27. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Day after
Circulatory overload
Malpractice
Trendelenburg
28. Act by altering perception of and response to pain 2. Act on the central nervous system 3. Adverse reactions a. Depress respirations b. Decrease alertness c. Decrease coughing d. Decrease blood pressure and pulse e. Slow peristalsis f. Constrict pupi
Narcotic analgesics
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Bacteremia
Stage I
29. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin
Stage IV
Narcotic analgesics
Hypertonic
Lithotomy
30. Acts of both omission and commission. 2. Failure to provide care that a reasonably prudent heath care professional would provide in the given circumstances. 3. Failure to provide care that meets the accepted standards of care - or giving care that re
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Patient controlled analgesia
Restraints
Negligence
31. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium
High - Fowler's
Circulatory overload
Aldosterone
Registered Nurse
32. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis
Cl
Stage II
Negligence
33. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage
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34. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing
CVL
Spinal anesthetic
bicarbonate
Nursing care during IV infusions
35. PH 7.35-7.45 2. pCO2 = 35 - 45 3. pO2 = 80 - 100 4. HCO3 = 22 - 26
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Blood Gas Values
Diffusion
Dehydration
36. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert
Nursing care during IV infusions
Side - lying
Aspirin
Semi - Fowler's
37. Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough - dyspnea - rales - tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycard
Cardiogenic Shock
Metabolic alkalosis
Circulatory overload
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
38. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:
Sterile Field
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Wheel Chair Positioning
Nursing assistant
39. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering
Blood pressure
Cooling blanket
Risk Factors for operations
Nursing care during IV infusions
40. Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver w
CVL
Osmotic pressure
Chronic Pain
Blood pressure
41. Manifestations 1) Headache - flushed skin - tachycardia 2) Venous distention 3) Increased venous pressure 4) Coughing - dyspnea - cyanosis 5) Pulmonary edema b. Prevention 1) Check for preexisting heart condition 2) Monitor flow rate of solution 3) P
Osmosis
Chronic Pain
Stage II
Circulatory overload
42. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's
Infiltration
bicarbonate
Wheel Chair Positioning
Isotonic
43. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer
Circulatory overload
Respiratory acidosis
Aspirin
Low - Fowler's
44. Caused by a decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Loss of bone density
Circulatory overload
Hyponatremia
45. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration
Cooling blanket
Day after
Osmosis
Diffusion
46. Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility - gradually sit patient up
Side - lying
Blood pressure
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic acidosis
47. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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48. Analgesic - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Aspirin
Respiratory acidosis
Restraints
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
49. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return
NSAIDS
Local cold
Trendelenburg
Semi - Fowler's
50. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co
Prone
Hyponatremia
Spread of Infection
Epidural anesthetic
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