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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) Weak pulse and ECG changes b. Causes 1) Potassium depleting diuretics 2) Burns 3) Diarrhea - colitis 4) Vomiting c. Management: Potassium replacement -- DO Not give Digoxin
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Sim's
Cardiogenic Shock
2. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea
Infiltration
Aldosterone
Metabolic acidosis
Osmotic pressure
3. Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver w
CVL
Acetaminophen
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
4. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.
Aspirin
Isotonic
Malpractice
Epidural anesthetic
5. Analgesic - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Day of Injury
Epidural anesthetic
Hypernatremia
Aspirin
6. Patient pushes button and receives IV analgesia 2. Device has preset dose and frequency limits 3. Nurse must instruct patient in use of device 4. Nurse must continue to assess patient for a. Pain b. Pain relief c. Side effects (vital signs) 5. Studie
Hypotonic
Restraints
Patient controlled analgesia
Circulatory overload
7. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Medications for perioperative
NSAIDS
Low - Fowler's
Hypotonic
8. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts
Heat
Epidural anesthetic
Immediate Post - Op Care
Risk Factors for operations
9. Caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively
Cardiogenic Shock
Immediate Post - Op Care
Hypertonic
Stage II
10. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l
Cooling blanket
Cardiogenic Shock
Epidural anesthetic
K+
11. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry
Malpractice
Osmotic pressure
Dehydration
Spinal anesthetic
12. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing
Osmosis
RACE
Heat
Nursing care during IV infusions
13. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
Air embolism
RACE
Semi - Fowler's
Blood Gas Values
14. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer
Stage IV
Respiratory acidosis
Nursing care during IV infusions
Circulatory overload
15. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Prone
Spinal anesthetic
Hypertonic
16. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis
Blood pressure
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Blood Gas Values
17. Follow physician's orders B. Do not apply without order except in emergency C. Use least restraint possible D. Each unit should have a written protocol E. Check patient frequently for safety F. Loosen restraints every 2 hours G. Do not use as punishm
Cooling blanket
CVL
Respiratory acidosis
Restraints
18. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's
Circulatory overload
Informed consent
Isotonic
Spinal anesthetic
19. Full thickness skin loss with severe destruction - necrosis - or damage to muscles - bone - or supporting structures
Stage IV
Lithotomy
Respiratory alkalosis
Aldosterone
20. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain
Trendelenburg
Day of Injury
Heat
Hypertonic
21. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Trendelenburg
Sponge bath
Stage IV
22. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Supine
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Ego integrity Vs despair
Low - Fowler's
23. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation
Hyponatremia
Aspirin
Bacteremia
Acetaminophen
24. PH 7.35-7.45 2. pCO2 = 35 - 45 3. pO2 = 80 - 100 4. HCO3 = 22 - 26
Blood Gas Values
Osmosis
Prone
Epidural anesthetic
25. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin
Sponge bath
Shock
Spinal anesthetic
Hypertonic
26. Legs up in stirrups 2. Uses a. Gyn exams b. Perineal surgery 3. Increases risk of venous stasis and deep vein thrombophlebitis
Isotonic
Loss of bone density
Ego integrity Vs despair
Lithotomy
27. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change
Registered Nurse
Air embolism
RACE
Informed consent
28. Adjust to retirement C. Adjust to loss of friends - family D. View own death as appropriate outcome of life
Na+
Ego integrity Vs despair
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Hypernatremia
29. Emergency care can be given to stabilize patient who is not able to give consent. 2. Age of majority is eighteen 3. Unconscious adults need permission for care by parents or spouse if married. 4. Persons who are not alert or have been given mind alte
Isotonic
Osmotic pressure
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Informed consent
30. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a
Sim's
Respiratory alkalosis
Changes during aging
Trendelenburg
31. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Ego integrity Vs despair
Hyperkalemia
Supine
Stage II
32. Head and trunk flat with legs elevated 2. Preferred for shock 3. Increases venous return without putting pressure on the diaphragm
Modified Trendelenburg
Osmosis
Shock
Negligence
33. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co
Stage III
Hyperkalemia
Narcotic analgesics
Hyponatremia
34. Decision maker b. Can do complex procedures c. Can give medications via all routes that nurses can give meds d. Is best person for teaching e. Coordinates care f. Performs admission assessments
Lithotomy
Registered Nurse
Bacteremia
Epidural anesthetic
35. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium
High - Fowler's
Sterile Field
Aldosterone
Respiratory acidosis
36. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Semi - Fowler's
Hypotonic
Lithotomy
Cooling blanket
37. Needle punctures dura and cerebral spinal fluid lost. 2. Patient at risk for spinal headache.
Dehydration
Spinal anesthetic
Aldosterone
Osmotic pressure
38. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds
Registered Nurse
Hypertonic
Metabolic alkalosis
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
39. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h
Day after
Epidural anesthetic
Immediate Post - Op Care
Shock
40. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
K+
Risk Factors for operations
Acute Pain
Wheel Chair Positioning
41. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe
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42. Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough - dyspnea - rales - tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycard
Sim's
Circulatory overload
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Na+
43. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose
NSAIDS
Osmosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Superficial thrombophlebitis
44. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering
K+
Cooling blanket
Dehydration
Registered Nurse
45. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
Semi - Fowler's
Cooling blanket
Narcotic analgesics
Osmotic pressure
46. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
Day after
Spinal anesthetic
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Risk Factors for operations
47. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage
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48. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Logrolling
Negligence
High - Fowler's
Cooling blanket
49. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Stage I
Day of Injury
bicarbonate
Blood pressure
50. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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