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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Analgesic - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Local cold
Negligence
Aspirin
Nursing assistant
2. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry
Patient controlled analgesia
Dehydration
Sterile Field
Cardiogenic Shock
3. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return
Trendelenburg
Low - Fowler's
Circulatory overload
Metabolic alkalosis
4. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Informed consent
Chronic Pain
Medications for perioperative
Stage II
5. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage
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6. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) Weak pulse and ECG changes b. Causes 1) Potassium depleting diuretics 2) Burns 3) Diarrhea - colitis 4) Vomiting c. Management: Potassium replacement -- DO Not give Digoxin
Restraints
Osmosis
Hypokalemia
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
7. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe
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8. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water
Cooling blanket
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Nursing care during IV infusions
Hypernatremia
9. Causative agent --> reservoir -->portal of exit --> Mode of transmission -->portal of entry-->susceptible host
Spread of Infection
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Dehydration
Stage II
10. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Epidural anesthetic
Nursing assistant
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Respiratory acidosis
11. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
Sponge bath
NSAIDS
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Restraints
12. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain
RACE
Day of Injury
Stage IV
Heat
13. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h
Hypertonic
Immediate Post - Op Care
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
14. Adjust to retirement C. Adjust to loss of friends - family D. View own death as appropriate outcome of life
Ego integrity Vs despair
Informed consent
Cl
Risk Factors for operations
15. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:
Day of Injury
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Metabolic acidosis
Registered Nurse
16. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
High - Fowler's
Side - lying
Chronic Pain
Osmotic pressure
17. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap
Bacteremia
Heat
Cl
Diffusion
18. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 20 4. Cause: hyperventilation; rebreathe CO2
Respiratory alkalosis
Shock
Cl
Stage II
19. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs
Hypernatremia
Nursing assistant
Hyponatremia
Na+
20. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis
Cooling blanket
Acetaminophen
NSAIDS
Metabolic alkalosis
21. 85 - 115 mEq/l
Cl
Wheel Chair Positioning
Stage III
Superficial thrombophlebitis
22. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Risk Factors for operations
Hypotonic
Acetaminophen
Sponge bath
23. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d
Medications for perioperative
Changes during aging
Stage I
Circulatory overload
24. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) ECG changes b. Causes 1) Renal failure 2) Acidosis c. Management 1) Kayexalate by mouth or retention enema - reduces serum potassium 2) Insulin and glucose IV
Hyperkalemia
Registered Nurse
Restraints
Cardiogenic Shock
25. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation
Acetaminophen
Risk Factors for operations
CVL
Stage I
26. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
RACE
Infiltration
Lithotomy
Cardiogenic Shock
27. Cold vasoconstricts and controls bleeding and swelling 2. Local anesthetic effect 3. Intermittently applied 4. Sterile technique for open wound
Metabolic acidosis
Local cold
Stage II
Hypertonic
28. 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/l
Stage II
Diffusion
Nursing assistant
K+
29. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Hypokalemia
Malpractice
Aldosterone
Logrolling
30. Manifestations 1) Headache - flushed skin - tachycardia 2) Venous distention 3) Increased venous pressure 4) Coughing - dyspnea - cyanosis 5) Pulmonary edema b. Prevention 1) Check for preexisting heart condition 2) Monitor flow rate of solution 3) P
Aspirin
Day of Injury
Circulatory overload
Dehydration
31. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Prone
Air embolism
Wheel Chair Positioning
Dehydration
32. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's
Isotonic
Trendelenburg
Heat
Nursing assistant
33. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing
Nursing care during IV infusions
CVL
Prone
Bacteremia
34. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
NSAIDS
Sim's
Osmosis
35. Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough - dyspnea - rales - tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycard
Hypokalemia
Circulatory overload
Shock
Metabolic acidosis
36. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co
Hyponatremia
Local cold
Loss of bone density
Prone
37. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD
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38. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts
Trendelenburg
Acute Pain
Heat
Ego integrity Vs despair
39. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a
Sim's
Changes during aging
K+
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
40. 22 - 29 mEq/l
Chronic Pain
Acetaminophen
bicarbonate
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
41. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin
Hypertonic
Narcotic analgesics
Changes during aging
Acetaminophen
42. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing
Na+
Day after
Hypertonic
Metabolic alkalosis
43. Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous damage or necrosis
Lithotomy
Nursing care during IV infusions
Stage III
Blood Gas Values
44. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium
Aldosterone
Cl
Chronic Pain
Restraints
45. Needle does not puncture dura. Spinal headache unlikely. 2. Once sensation and motion return patient may be in any position that is satisfactory for the procedure.
Epidural anesthetic
Registered Nurse
CVL
Day after
46. Caused by a decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction
Sterile Field
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Malpractice
Hypokalemia
47. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
Prone
Chronic Pain
RACE
Risk Factors for operations
48. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose
Stage III
Circulatory overload
Osmosis
K+
49. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Acetaminophen
K+
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Spinal anesthetic
50. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration
Prone
Nursing assistant
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Diffusion