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NCLEX Essential Concepts

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Apply heat to improve circulation and healing






2. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair






3. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate






4. Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility - gradually sit patient up






5. Assess for signs of circulatory overload 2. Assess urinary output to determine renal function 3. Assess needle site 4. Assess infusion site for signs of infiltration 5. Assess flow rate 6. Assess IV container 7. Assess IV tubing






6. Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present






7. Apply cold to prevent swelling - bleeding and relive pain






8. On left side with lower arm behind the back 2. Good position for administering enema


9. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a






10. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res






11. Head lower than trunk and feet 2. Uses a. Shock - sometimes b. Prolapsed cord when mother not in hospital; Increases venous return






12. Professional negligence - misconduct - or unreasonable lack of skill resulting in injury or loss to the recipient of the professional services.






13. On the person's back 2. Maintains alignment






14. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness






15. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h






16. Analgesics - antipyretic - small anticoagulation






17. When opening a sterile package open the first flap away from you B. Never turn your back on a sterile field C. Avoid talking D. Keep all objects within vies; below the waist is not a sterile field. E. Moisture carries organisms through a barrier F. O






18. Anticoagulants predispose to hemorrhage; discontinue 1-2 weeks before surgery 2. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin - gentamicin) can cause neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiologist must know. 3. Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances and respiratory d






19. Movement of fluid from lower to higher concentration. Across semipermeable membrane; high concentration of glucose






20. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery


21. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering






22. Dislodging of needle causes fluid to infiltrate tissues a. Manifestations 1) Edema - blanching - puffiness on under surface of arm 2) Discomfort 3) Slow drip rate 4) Cool to the touch 5) Necrosis and sloughing of tissue with certain drugs (Levophed)






23. Full thickness skin loss with severe destruction - necrosis - or damage to muscles - bone - or supporting structures






24. Head at 90 degrees 2. Used for persons with COPD


25. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium






26. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis






27. Acts of both omission and commission. 2. Failure to provide care that a reasonably prudent heath care professional would provide in the given circumstances. 3. Failure to provide care that meets the accepted standards of care - or giving care that re






28. Needle does not puncture dura. Spinal headache unlikely. 2. Once sensation and motion return patient may be in any position that is satisfactory for the procedure.






29. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea






30. Cold vasoconstricts and controls bleeding and swelling 2. Local anesthetic effect 3. Intermittently applied 4. Sterile technique for open wound






31. Fluid balance - acid - base - nerve conduction a. Causes 1) Increased perspiration 2) Drinking only tap water 3) GI losses: diarrhea - vomiting - suction 4) Diuretics b - Manifestations 1) Confusion 2) Hypotension 3) Oliguria 4) Muscle weakness 5) Co






32. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water






33. Physiologic needs b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self esteem e. Self actualization 2. Keep them breathing; keep them safe


34. Weight bearing is necessary to keep calcium in the bones 2. Calcium leaving bones may increase risk of kidney stone






35. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer






36. Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver w






37. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory






38. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds






39. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering






40. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations






41. Purposes 1. Relaxes muscle spasm 2. Softens exudate for removal 3. Vasodilates; hastens healing 4. Localizes infection 5. Reduces congestion 6. Relaxes - comforts






42. Act by altering perception of and response to pain 2. Act on the central nervous system 3. Adverse reactions a. Depress respirations b. Decrease alertness c. Decrease coughing d. Decrease blood pressure and pulse e. Slow peristalsis f. Constrict pupi






43. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's






44. Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough - dyspnea - rales - tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycard






45. Higher osmotic pressure than blood serum; causes cells to shrink; pulls fluid out of cells into blood stream a. Dextrose 5% or higher in saline b. Dextrose stronger than 5% in water c. Albumin






46. Routine tasks b. Routine vital signs






47. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change






48. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 20 4. Cause: hyperventilation; rebreathe CO2






49. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry






50. 85 - 115 mEq/l