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Test your basic knowledge |
NCLEX Essential Concepts
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
nclex
,
health-sciences
,
nursing
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Obesity B. Aging - plus recovery C. Concomitant diseases 1. Cardiovascular a. Danger of congestive failure - avoid fluid overload b. Avoid prolonged immobilization as it may cause venous stasis c. Encourage change of position; avoid sudden exertion 2
Chronic Pain
Malpractice
Hypokalemia
Risk Factors for operations
2. 85 - 115 mEq/l
Negligence
Cooling blanket
Hypernatremia
Cl
3. Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate
Registered Nurse
RACE
Side - lying
Medications for perioperative
4. Adjust to retirement C. Adjust to loss of friends - family D. View own death as appropriate outcome of life
Ego integrity Vs despair
Changes during aging
Epidural anesthetic
Metabolic alkalosis
5. Patient on side 2. Prevents aspiration when patient is not fully alert
Changes during aging
Side - lying
Epidural anesthetic
Modified Trendelenburg
6. The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semipermeable membrane from weaker to stronger concentrations
Osmosis
Osmotic pressure
Loss of bone density
Low - Fowler's
7. On the person's back 2. Maintains alignment
Respiratory acidosis
Heat
Bacteremia
Supine
8. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 30 3. HCO3 18 4. Causes: a. Diabetes b. Renal failure c. Diarrhea
Shock
Hypertonic
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
9. Analgesic - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
Supine
Lithotomy
Aspirin
CVL
10. Patient is moved all at once so there is no twisting of spine B. One person moves the head and shoulders C. Second person moves the feet and legs at the same time D. Turning sheet may be helpful E. Place the bed in a high position to promote good bod
Stage III
Spinal anesthetic
Logrolling
Modified Trendelenburg
11. Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration
Sim's
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Diffusion
Supine
12. Head and trunk flat with legs elevated 2. Preferred for shock 3. Increases venous return without putting pressure on the diaphragm
Modified Trendelenburg
Metabolic alkalosis
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Lithotomy
13. Head up 45-60 degrees 2. Reduces venous return and reduces cardiac workload 3. Promotes thoracic expansion 4. Reduces tension on the suture line for persons who have had abdominal surgery 5. Promotes drainage
14. Can do sterile procedures b. Can give medications except IV meds
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Osmotic pressure
Ego integrity Vs despair
Sim's
15. Analgesics - antipyretic - anticoagulant - anti - inflammatory
High - Fowler's
Modified Trendelenburg
NSAIDS
K+
16. VS - LOC - Skin color - IV infusions - Drainage Tubes - Dressings - DB & C-h
Metabolic alkalosis
Side - lying
Epidural anesthetic
Immediate Post - Op Care
17. Acts by blocking opiate receptors in the brain 2. Used to treat: a. Opiate induced respiratory depression b. Opiate overdose 3. Side effects: a. Withdrawal symptoms in addicted persons b. Return of pain 4. Drug is rapid acting; narcotic may last long
Cl
Malpractice
Hypovolemic shock
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
18. Inadequate blood supply to the vital organs: the brain - heart and kidneys; inadequate circulating volume. Manifestations A. Pulse pressure decreases B. Blood pressure deceases C. Urine output decreases (ADH and Aldosterone) D. Pulse increases E. Res
Infiltration
Heat
Shock
Immediate Post - Op Care
19. Extracellular fluid volume deficit 1. Causes: Loosing more fluid than is taken in a. Vomiting b. Diarrhea c. Diuretics d. Increased respirations e. Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement or PO 2. Manifestations a. Weight loss b. Poor skin turgor c. Dry
Nursing care during IV infusions
Epidural anesthetic
Dehydration
bicarbonate
20. Short duration B. Serves as a warning C. Subsides as healing occurs D. Autonomic nervous system symptoms frequently present
Logrolling
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Acute Pain
Spinal anesthetic
21. Made in the adrenal cortex b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water and get rid of potassium
Aldosterone
RACE
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
22. Immobilized patient at risk for orthostatic hypotension 2. After prolonged period of immobility - gradually sit patient up
Informed consent
Epidural anesthetic
Blood pressure
Low - Fowler's
23. Manifestations 1) Tenderness and pain in vein 2) Edema and redness at site 3) Warmth b. Management 1) Cold compresses immediately to relieve pain and inflammation 2) Follow with moist warm compresses to stimulate circulation and promote absorption
Acetaminophen
Stage I
Sim's
Superficial thrombophlebitis
24. Glaucoma and cataracts (lens becomes opaque) occur frequently 2. Presbyopia (farsightedness of aging) occurs in almost all persons as they age Difficulty seeing in dim light due to loss of light responsiveness Presbycussis: progressive hearing loss a
Neurogenic / vasogenic - septic - anaphylactic shock (Obstructive)
Bacteremia
Stage II
Changes during aging
25. Dispose of sharps in puncture - resistant containers B. Do not recap used needles C. Wear protective barriers (gloves - gowns - masks - eyewear) when at risk for exposure to body fluids D. Clean blood spills with soap and water or household bleach 1:
Osmotic pressure
Ego integrity Vs despair
Standard (Universal) Precautions
Hyponatremia
26. Acts of both omission and commission. 2. Failure to provide care that a reasonably prudent heath care professional would provide in the given circumstances. 3. Failure to provide care that meets the accepted standards of care - or giving care that re
Negligence
Hypernatremia
Spinal anesthetic
Ego integrity Vs despair
27. Partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and/or part of dermis
Nursing assistant
Stage II
Hypovolemic shock
Sponge bath
28. Sheet between patient and cooling blanket b. Prevent skin damage c. Change position frequently d. No shivering: Muscle relaxant may be given if patient shivering
Cooling blanket
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
CVL
NSAIDS
29. Manifestations 1) Muscle weakness 2) Weak pulse and ECG changes b. Causes 1) Potassium depleting diuretics 2) Burns 3) Diarrhea - colitis 4) Vomiting c. Management: Potassium replacement -- DO Not give Digoxin
Trendelenburg
Registered Nurse
Day after
Hypokalemia
30. Less osmotic pressure than blood serum - hydrates cells a. Tap water b. Sodium chloride less than 0.9%
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
Hypotonic
Stage III
Risk Factors for operations
31. Flush daily with saline or heparin to prevent clots from forming B. Change dressing three times per week C. Check for infection D. Discard 5-10 ml when drawing blood E. In multilumen catheters use ports for designated purpose F. Valsalva's maneuver w
Stage I
CVL
Osmosis
Ego integrity Vs despair
32. PH 7.32 2. pCO2 58 3. HCO3 32 4. pO2 60 5. Respiratory Acidosis - hypoxia 5. Causes: COPD - lung cancer
Respiratory acidosis
Restraints
Hypokalemia
Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)
33. Needle punctures dura and cerebral spinal fluid lost. 2. Patient at risk for spinal headache.
Infiltration
Nursing care during IV infusions
Immediate Post - Op Care
Spinal anesthetic
34. Extracellular volume excess 1. Causes a. Too many I.V. fluids too quickly b. Decreased kidney or heart function 2. Manifestations a. Cough - dyspnea - rales - tachypnea b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased CVP d. Neck vein distention e. Tachycard
Trendelenburg
Osmosis
Circulatory overload
Chronic Pain
35. Same osmotic pressure as in the cell Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) b. Dextrose 5% in water c. Lactated Ringer's
Licensed practical nurse/ licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)
Stage IV
Isotonic
Day after
36. Changes in color:( red - blue - purple) - temperature changes - and skin stiffness
Air embolism
Stage I
Sponge bath
Isotonic
37. Caused by poor heart action.- drugs that make heart beat more effectively
Acetaminophen
Cardiogenic Shock
Respiratory alkalosis
Standard (Universal) Precautions
38. Made in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary b. Causes kidney to retain sodium and water
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Heat
Na+
Air embolism
39. Manifestations 1) Hypotension - cyanosis - tachycardia 2) Increased venous pressure - loss of consciousness b. Prevention 1) Run fluid through tubing and needle or catheter to force air out before starting infusion 2) When using glass bottle - change
Epidural anesthetic
Hypotonic
Air embolism
Cl
40. Emergency care can be given to stabilize patient who is not able to give consent. 2. Age of majority is eighteen 3. Unconscious adults need permission for care by parents or spouse if married. 4. Persons who are not alert or have been given mind alte
Blood Gas Values
Heat
Informed consent
Acetaminophen
41. Place the wheel chair on the patient's strong side B. Position the open part of the chair toward the foot of the bed. C. Have patient stand on strong foot and pivot - then sit in chair
Wheel Chair Positioning
Hypertonic
Day of Injury
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
42. On left side with lower arm behind the back 2. Good position for administering enema
43. A generalized reaction to contaminated equipment or solutions a. Manifestations 1) Chills and fever 30-60 minutes after start of infusion 2) Flushing - sudden pulse increase 3) Backache - headache 4) Nausea - vomiting 5) Hypotension - vascular collap
Bacteremia
Stage I
Local cold
Isotonic
44. 22 - 29 mEq/l
Hyponatremia
bicarbonate
Narcotic analgesics
Blood Gas Values
45. Full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous damage or necrosis
Stage III
Infiltration
Spread of Infection
Immediate Post - Op Care
46. PH 7.52 2. pCO2 52 3. HCO3 34 4. Cause: Vomiting; excessive diuresis
Metabolic alkalosis
Bacteremia
Risk Factors for operations
Chronic Pain
47. Causes 1) Decreased water intake 2) Increased sodium intake 3) Impaired renal function b. Manifestations 1) Edema 2) Dry - sticky mucous membranes 3) Thirst 4) Elevated temp. 5) Flushed skin c. Management: Give water
Sterile Field
Air embolism
Hypernatremia
bicarbonate
48. Lukewarm or tepid water b. Compresses on wrists - ankles - armpits - or groin to speed cooling c. Prevent shivering
RACE
Metabolic acidosis
Sponge bath
Epidural anesthetic
49. 135 - 145 mEq/l
Dehydration
Narcotic analgesics
Na+
Sponge bath
50. Head up 20 to 30 degrees 2. Reduces intracranial pressure; good for head injuries and craniotomies 3. Good for cervical neck surgery