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Test your basic knowledge |
Negotiation
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
soft-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Brainstorming - electronic brainstorming - surveys
functional fixedness
ways to generate options to a problem
issue mix
illusion of transparecy
2. External standards or precedents that might convince one or both parties that a proposed agreement is fair
logrolling
active listening
key steps in integrative negotiation
legitimacy
3. Proceed towards one answer
setting limits
irritators
false conflict or illusory conflict
convergent thinking
4. Clarify the meaning of communications and check perceptions with the speaker exp. paraphrase in own words
endowment effect
reflections
horizon thinkng
most common cognitive mistakes in Negotiation
5. Prepare to listen - Non-verbal attending - Verbally interact with and Encourage the speaker(helps ensure understanding)
reciprocity principle
social loafing
most common cognitive mistakes in Negotiation
active listening activities
6. Working harder in a group
old fashioned negotiator
social striving
inductive reasoning
distributive negotiations
7. Form of hypothesis testing - or trial and error
endowment effect
sequence planning
some guild lines in evaluating options and reaching a consensus
inductive reasoning
8. Prepare self with positive - engaged attitude exp Pike Place Fish market in Seattle - It doesn't matter where you work - you get to choose your attitude ( Nodding your head - removing physical barriers)
an interest in negotiation
options
cohension
non-verbal attending
9. Take time to 'cool off' - Explore different ways to logroll - Exploit differences in expectations and risk/ time preferences - Keep decisions tentative and conditional until a final proposal is complete - Minimize formality - record keeping until fi
some guild lines in evaluating options and reaching a consensus
functional fixedness
false conflict or illusory conflict
convergent thinking
10. Someone who believs one must adopt a tough hard stance to negotiate
impossibilty theorem
ways to generate options to a problem
old fashioned negotiator
distributive negotiations
11. The worst agreement you're willing to accept ('walk-away')
common identity groups
issue mix
reservation price
setting limits
12. Negotiators thinking they are revealing more information that they actually are
sequence vs. issue planning
unbundling
ZOPA
illusion of transparecy
13. BATNA - Reservation Price - ZOPA - Value Creation through Trades
key components in Negotiation
horizon thinkng
argument dilution
some options by redefining the problems (alternative solutions)
14. Clients are treated like partners
irritators
partnership model
old fashioned negotiator
endowment effect
15. People tend to base behavior on readily understood terms such as percentages. Exp All other things being equal ( quality of product - the store - service - etc)more people are willing to suffer the same inconveniences to save $30 on a $70 item than t
aspect ratio framing
sequence planning
reservation price
barrier to agreement
16. Members who are attracted to the group
communication in negotiaion
dispositional attribution
cohension
common identity groups
17. Mental model of negotiation in which people consider negotiation to be the task of definin and solving a problem
distributive negotiations
problem solving model
common bond groups
functional fixedness
18. Do not be disclosing - Learn interests - BATNA - etc. of other side - Establishing an anchor - Offering concessions grudgingly - Presenting deadlines to create urgency - Offering multiple proposals to provide option - Signal interest in closing the d
unbundling
individual collectivism
distributive negotiations
issue mix
19. The most common cause of transactional entrapment - E.g. Dollar auction- auctioneer accepts bid for a one dollar bill. second highest bidder must also pay the bid. Biggest problem is the reluctance to cut losses once the commitment is made.
gamblers fallacy
distributive negotiations
sunk cost framing
reciprocity principle
20. Words and sounds - E.g. Really? - You're kidding! - Then what happened - Uh-huh
verbal minimal encouragers
divergent thinking
active listening
egalitarianism hierarchy
21. The derivation of group preference from individual preference is indeterminate
some guild lines in evaluating options and reaching a consensus
defend/attack spirals
impossibilty theorem
most common cognitive mistakes in Negotiation
22. How much utility we derive depends on who is providing it
egalitarianism hierarchy
key steps in integrative negotiation
nonspecific compensation
Particularism
23. The strategy of trading off in a negotiaion so as to capitalize on differet strengths of preference
issue mix
logrolling
multiparty negotiations
active listening activities
24. The process of drawing logical conclusions
perseverance effect
deductive reasoning
inductive reasoning
active listening activities
25. The frequency with which some event or pattern occurs in the general population
defend/attack spirals
reciprocity principle
base rates
contingency contracts
26. Expand the pie - Logroll-finding different issues and prioritize them. End up with a highly preferred outcome - Compensation(not integrative)- agreeing to ones objectives and accommodating the others interests - cut the costs for compliance-ones obje
some options by redefining the problems (alternative solutions)
active listening
sequence vs. issue planning
options
27. 'Maximize profit' approaches enjoyed greater profitability than did ' Minimize Expenses' approaches( the maximize profit group completed more transactions for greater profit but the 'minimize expenses' framers completed transactions of greater mean p
pivotal power
exploration of options
contingency contracts
relevant polarity framing
28. Division of large - all encompassing issues into smaller more manageable ones
unbundling
ways to generate options to a problem
argument dilution
dispositional attribution
29. Average Negotiators more reliant on sequence planning - Skilled Negotiators more likely to use issue planning (more flexible plan)
sequence vs. issue planning
reflections
relevant polarity framing
endowment effect
30. When a problem solver bases a strategy on familiar methods
partnership model
functional fixedness
impossibilty theorem
pivotal power
31. Also known as Reflective Listening - as we can reflect on what was said - how it was said - and the nonverbal cues
argument dilution
Particularism
active listening
an interest in negotiation
32. Tendency for people in group negotiations to underestimate the number of feasible options
setting limits
common identity groups
tunnel vision
irritators
33. What you really care about - wants needs etc
dispositional attribution
an interest in negotiation
deterrence based trust
endowment effect
34. Focus on commonalities - Address need and interests - Commit to meet all parties needs - exchange info and ideas - invent options for mutual gain - use objective criteria to set standards
old fashioned negotiator
integrative negotiation
logrolling
active listening activities
35. Zone Of Possible Aggreements defined by range between parties' reservation prices
cognitive route
defend/attack spirals
ZOPA
BATNA
36. Skilled negotiators used fewer reasons to back up each of his/her arguments only moving to subsidiary reasons only if main reason began to wither.
Particularism
defend/attack spirals
pivotal power
argument dilution
37. Dies-hard bargainers - Lack of trust - Sabotage from weak commitments - Differences in gender and culture - Difficulties in communication
some guild lines in evaluating options and reaching a consensus
barrier to agreement
multiphase negotiations
pivotal power
38. Being overly affected by form of a presentation of information in negotiation (pay attention to both content and context. even though framing is important - be more aware of the content!)
errors that prevent agreement
enlightened negotiator
most common cognitive mistakes in Negotiation
flower child negotiator
39. Means by which people influence others
egalitarianism hierarchy
ways to generate options to a problem
logrolling
multiphase negotiations
40. The total of the gains earned by each party in the negotiation
Particularism
joint gain
walk away alternative
key steps in integrative negotiation
41. Out of the box thinking
barrier to agreement
communication in negotiaion
divergent thinking
egalitarianism hierarchy
42. Based on consistency of behvior
deterrence based trust
functional fixedness
a position in negotiation
sequence planning
43. One that calls into question anothers character
logrolling
aspect ratio framing
contingency contracts
dispositional attribution
44. Define problem which will be acceptable to both sides - state problem with an eye toward practicality and comprehensiveness - state problem and id the obstacles in obtaining it - don't make the problem personal - separate the problem definition from
enlightened negotiator
reciprocity principle
errors that prevent agreement
things to look for when identifying and define the problem
45. Based on intuition and emotion
logrolling
equal concession negotiaitor
affective route
illusion of transparecy
46. Irrational excalation - Partisian Perceptions - Unreasonable expectations - Overconfidence - Unchecked emotions
legitimacy
active listening activities
exploration of options
errors that prevent agreement
47. Skilled negotiators tended to avoid saying gratuitous things about themselves - avoided self descriptions of 'fair' or 'reasonable' and comments such as generous offer
equal concession negotiaitor
defend/attack spirals
irritators
individual collectivism
48. Often - a consumer is willing to pay more for the identical product or service sold at a swank specialty shop than at discount store. There is a tendency to assign a greater value to the quality of the transaction over the actual intrinsic worth of a
old fashioned negotiator
seller status framing
reciprocity principle
sequence vs. issue planning
49. One negotiator receives what he or she wants and the other is compensated by some method that was initially out of reach
partnership model
setting limits
nonspecific compensation
errors that prevent agreement
50. Listening actively and empathetically to whatever the other party says
communication in negotiaion
verbal minimal encouragers
distributive negotiations
social striving