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PCAT Biology Ecology

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adaptations for maintaining their internal osmolarity and conserving water






2. Encompasses all that is external to the organism and is necessary for its existence






3. Receive less rainfall than the temperate forests - have long - cold winters - and are inhabited by single coniferous tree-the spruce -extreme northern parts of Canada and Russia






4. Consists of populations of different plants and animal species interacting with each other in a given environment






5. Composed of populations that are able to exist under the new conditions






6. Consumer organisms that are higher in hte food chain are usually larger and heavier than those further down






7. Affect the type of vegetation that can be supported






8. Used to include only the population and not their physical environment






9. Vegetation such as vines and eppiphytes






10. Cannot synthesize their ow food and must depend upon autotrophs or others in the ecosystem to obtain their food






11. Individual unit of an ecological system - but the organism itself is composed of smaller units -organs >tissues >cells >molecules >atoms > subatomic particles






12. Nekton and benthos - scavengers - and predators (fiercely competitive)






13. Animals that consume dead animals






14. Two species may rapidly evolve in divergent directions under the strong selection pressure resulting from intense competition. thus - the two species would rapidly evolve greater differences in their niches






15. One or both organisms can't survive without the other






16. Energy is transferred from the original sources in green plants through a series o organisms with repeated stages of consumption and finally decomposition






17. One that exerts control over the other species that are present






18. (living) includes all living things that directly or indirectly influence the life of the organism including the relationships that exist between organisms






19. Plants growing on other plants - trees grow closely together; sunlight hardly reaches the forest floor






20. Lichens and moss






21. Forest floors contain moss and lichens






22. The stable - living part of the ecosystem in whicih populations exist in balance with each other and with the environment






23. Includes the community and the environment and usually all five kingdoms






24. The major component of the internal environment of all living things






25. Each member of a food chain uses some of the energy it obtains from its food for its own metabolism and loses some additional energy in the form of heat






26. Algae - crabs - crustacea - and many different species of fish






27. Animals that feed on secondary consumer






28. Include saprophytic organisms and organisms of decay






29. Includes climate - temperature - availability of light and water - and the local topology






30. Community in an ecological succession is identified by a dominant species






31. Determines water holding capacity






32. Ammonia (NH3) is broken down to release free nitrogen - which returns to the beginning of the denitrifying






33. Polar bears - musk oxen - and arctic hens






34. Made into nitrites by chemosynthetic bacteria and then to usable nitrates by nitrifying bacteria






35. One species may be competitively superior to the other and drive the second to extinction






36. More than 70% of earth -plants have little controlling influence in communities -most stable ecosystems; the conditions affecting temperature - amount of available oxygen and cabon dioxide - and amount of suspended or dissolve materials are very stab






37. Freshwater Biomes vs. Saltwater 1: Freshwater is _______________ which results in the passage of water into the cell. Freshwater organisms have homeostatic mechanisms to maintain water balance by the regular removal of the excess water. these include






38. The vegetation that becomes dominant and stable after years of evolutiionary development






39. Oceans connect to form one continuous body of water - which controls the earth's temperature by absorbing solar heat






40. Animals that consume primary consumers (carnivores)






41. Evolved physical mechanisms that allow them to make Use of the heat produced as a consequence of respiratiion






42. Regiong beneatht he photic zone that receives no light






43. Receive less than ten inches of rain each year; the rain is concentrated within a few heavy cloudbursts -ex: Sahara in Africa and Gobi in Asia






44. Evolve toward a balance in which the predator is a regulatory influence on th prey but not a threat to its survival






45. Vegetation has evolved adaptations for water conservation such as needle shaped leaves






46. When a parasite benefits at the expense of the host






47. Animals that only eat other animals -possess pointed teeth and fang-like canine teeth for tearing flesh -have shorter digestive tracts because the easier digestibility of animal food






48. The metabolically produced CO2 is released to the air. The rest of the orgnaic carbon remains locked whthin an organism until its death (except for wastes given off) - at which time decay processes by bacteria return the CO2 to the air






49. Crawling and sessile organsms






50. Determined by the same decisive factors-temperatures and rainfall