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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Evolution
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cluster of colloidal molecules surrounded by a shell of water -tend to absorb and incorporate substances from the surrounding environment
Coacervate Droplets
Evolutionary History
Natural Selection
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
2. Ancient animals similar to both reptiles and birds and dominant in the Mesozoic era
Heterotroph Hypothesis
Dinosaurs
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Eohippus
3. Change allele frequencies in a population - shifting gene equilibria -can either be favorable or detrimental for the offspring
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Lamarckian Evolution
Mutation (Microevolution)
Variations
4. More offspring are produced than can survive
Overpopulation
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Comparative Embryology
Branching Evolutionary Tree
5. P^2+2pq+q^2=1 -p^2=frequency of TT (dominant homozygotes) -2pq=frequency of Tt (heterozygotes) -q^2=frequency of tt (recessive homozygotes)
Fossils
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Gene Pool
6. Pressures in the environment select for the organism most fit to survive and reproduce -concluded that a member of a particular species that is equipped with beneficial traits - allowing it to cope effectively with the immediate environment - will pr
7. The process in which minerals replace the cells of an organism
Evolutionary History
Petrification
Modern Genetics
Comparative Biochemistry (Physiology)
8. Offspring naturally show differences in their characteristics compared to their parents
Gene Flow
Analogous Structures
Variations
Eohippus
9. When groups within the branches develop in similar ways when exposed to similar environments -ex: fish and dolphins
Evolutionary History
Evolution of New Species
Molds
Convergent Evolution
10. Migration of individuals between populations that will result in a loss or gain of genes - thus changing the composition of a population's gene pool
Homologous Structures
Imprints
Evolution of New Species
Gene Flow
11. Change in the genetic makeup of a population with time -explained by the constant propagation of new variations in the genes of a species - some of which impart an adaptive advantage
Evolution
Molds
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Comparative Embryology
12. Primitive heterotrophs slowly evolved complex biochemical pathways which enabled them to use a wider variety of nutrients -evolved anaerobic respiratory process to convert nutrients into energy -photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition was developed
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Fossils
Development of Autotrophs
Eohippus
13. First forms of life lacked the ability to synthesize their own nutrients; they required performed molecules which made them heterotrophs -energy was present in the form of heat - electricity - solar radiation - including x rays and ultraviolet light
Inheritance of the Variations
Woolly Mammoth
Heterotroph Hypothesis
Analogous Structures
14. The closer the organisms in the evolutionary scheme - the greater the similarity of their chemical constituents
Convergent Evolution
Genetic Information
Vestigial Structures
Analogous Structures
15. Incude teeth - bones - etc. rock - tar pits - ice - and amber
Modern Genetics
Analogous Structures
Amber
Actual Remains
16. Developing population must compete for the necessities of life. many young must die - and the number of adults in the population generally remains constant from generation to generation
Overpopulation
Competition (struggle for survival)
Evolution
Amber
17. All members of a particular species inhabiting a given locations
Population
Development of Autotrophs
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Competition (struggle for survival)
18. Preserved in asphalt tar pits
Microevolution
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Speciation
Vestigial Structures
19. Stanley L. Miller demonstrated the application of UV rays - heat or a combination of these to a mixture of methane - hydrogen - ammonia - and water could result in the formation of complex molecules -after circulation of the gases for one week - he a
Woolly Mammoth
Deme
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Lamarckian Evolution
20. Formed by minerals deposited in molds
Petrification
Isolation
Reproductively Isolated
Casts
21. Common ancestor is found at the trunk and the modern species at the tips of the branches
Petrification
Gene Flow
Branching Evolutionary Tree
Fossils
22. Species multiplication is generally accompanied by migration to lessen intraspecific competition
Population
Coacervate Droplets
Geographic Barriers
Isolation
23. Populations will become sufficiently different from each other to be able to reproduce
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Geographic Barriers
Reproductively Isolated
Gene Pool
24. Similar functions but may have different evolutionary origins and entirely different patterns of development
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Mutation (Microevolution)
Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
25. Results from the geographic isolation of a population
Evolutionary History
Homologous Structures
Isolation
Geographic Barriers
26. Missing link between reptiles (has teeth and scales) and birds (also has feathers)
Geographic Barriers
Development of New Species
Archaepteryx
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
27. Impressions left by an organism ex: footprints
Gene Flow
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Evolution
Imprints
28. Population is very large -no mutations affect the gene pool -mating between individuals in the population is random -there is no net migration of individuals into or out of the populations -genes in the population are all equally successful at reprod
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Archaepteryx
Genetic Information
Molds
29. Refers to changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance -tend to be more pronounced in small populations - where it is sometimes called the founder effect
Mutation (Microevolution)
Formation of Primitive Cells
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
30. Discredited theory held that new organs or changes in existing ones arose becaUse of the needs of the organism
Archaepteryx
Lamarckian Evolution
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Evolutionary History
31. Real populations have unstable gene pools and migrating populations -agents of this change are natural selection - mutation - assortive mating -genetic drift - and gene flow
Genetic Information
Microevolution
Gene Pool
Branching Evolutionary Tree
32. Form in hollow spaces of rocks - as the organisms within decay
Fossils
Analogous Structures
Molds
Heterotroph Hypothesis
33. The emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species -may diverge into a number of distinct species; the differences between them are those adaptive to a distinct lifestyle - or niche
Adaptive Radiation
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Trilobite
Molds
34. The most direct evidence of evolutionary change -represent the remains of an extinct ancestor -generally found in sedimentary rocks
Fossils
Inheritance of the Variations
Evolutionary History
Evolution
35. Most organisms demonstrate the same basic needs and metabolic processes -require the same nutrients and contain similar cellular organelles and energy storage forms
Convergent Evolution
Gene Frequency
Comparative Biochemistry (Physiology)
Deme
36. The decimal fraction representing the presence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus
Woolly Mammoth
Gene Frequency
Mutation (Microevolution)
Heterotroph Hypothesis
37. The evolution of new species - which are groups of individuals who can interbreed freely with each other but not with members of other speies
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Natural Selection
Speciation
Microevolution
38. Genotypes with favorable variations are selected thorugh natural selection - and the frequency of favorable genes increases with the genepool. genotypes with low adaptive values tend to disappear
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Petrification
Imprints
Overpopulation
39. Only changes in the DNA of the sex cells can be inherited -changes acquired during an individual's life are changes in the characteristics and organization of somatic cells
Branching Evolutionary Tree
Adaptive Radiation
Modern Genetics
Archaepteryx
40. Appear to be useless but apparently had some ancestral functions
Gene Frequency
Vestigial Structures
Development of New Species
Gene Flow
41. Over many generations of natural selection - the favorable changes eventually results in such significant changes of the gene pool that we can say a new species has evolved
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Evolution of New Species
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Microevolution
42. Same basic anatomical features and evolutionary origins -demonstrate similar evolutionary patterns with late divergence of form due to differences in exposure to evolutioinary forces
Isolation
Genetic Information
Homologous Structures
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
43. Primitive crustacean (relative to the lobster) - which was dominant form of the early Paleozoic era
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Amber
Trilobite
44. Small local population -closely related genetically since mating between members of the same occurs more frequently =influenced by similar environmental factors and thus are subject to the same selection processes
Overpopulation
Deme
Reproductively Isolated
Comparative Embryology
45. Stages of development of the embryo resemble the stages in an organism's evolutionary history
Comparative Embryology
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Development of Autotrophs
Trilobite
46. Primitive horse the size of a fox with four toes and short teeth with pointed cusps for feeding on soft leaves
Formation of Primitive Cells
Eohippus
Gene Frequency
Gene Pool
47. If gene pools within a species become sufficiently different so that two individuals can't mate and produce fertile offspring - two different species have developed
Archaepteryx
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Development of New Species
Homologous Structures
48. Evolutionary history and can be viewed asa branching tree
Gene Flow
Eohippus
Phylogeny
Casts
49. The sum total of all the alleles for any given trait in the population
Coacervate Droplets
Variations
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Gene Pool
50. Individuals that survive (those with favorable variations) live to adulthood - reproduce their own kind - and thus transmit these favorable variations or adaptations to their offspring
Archaepteryx
Inheritance of the Variations
Vestigial Structures
Development of Autotrophs