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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Evolution
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evolutionary history and can be viewed asa branching tree
Microevolution
Actual Remains
Convergent Evolution
Phylogeny
2. Dissimilar species ahve been found to have evolved from a common ancestor
Adaptive Radiation
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Evolutionary History
Casts
3. Results from the geographic isolation of a population
Isolation
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Archaepteryx
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
4. The process in which minerals replace the cells of an organism
Analogous Structures
Development of Autotrophs
Petrification
Adaptive Radiation
5. Developing population must compete for the necessities of life. many young must die - and the number of adults in the population generally remains constant from generation to generation
Competition (struggle for survival)
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Formation of Primitive Cells
Eohippus
6. Pressures in the environment select for the organism most fit to survive and reproduce -concluded that a member of a particular species that is equipped with beneficial traits - allowing it to cope effectively with the immediate environment - will pr
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7. Primitive heterotrophs slowly evolved complex biochemical pathways which enabled them to use a wider variety of nutrients -evolved anaerobic respiratory process to convert nutrients into energy -photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition was developed
Development of Autotrophs
Casts
Mutation (Microevolution)
Overpopulation
8. Fossil resin of trees
Amber
Population
Petrification
Competition (struggle for survival)
9. Discredited theory held that new organs or changes in existing ones arose becaUse of the needs of the organism
Homologous Structures
Development of New Species
Evolutionary History
Lamarckian Evolution
10. Offspring naturally show differences in their characteristics compared to their parents
Variations
Development of New Species
Competition (struggle for survival)
Microevolution
11. If gene pools within a species become sufficiently different so that two individuals can't mate and produce fertile offspring - two different species have developed
Analogous Structures
Speciation
Development of New Species
Genetic Information
12. Incude teeth - bones - etc. rock - tar pits - ice - and amber
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Gene Flow
Actual Remains
Dinosaurs
13. Populations will become sufficiently different from each other to be able to reproduce
Microevolution
Branching Evolutionary Tree
Speciation
Reproductively Isolated
14. When groups within the branches develop in similar ways when exposed to similar environments -ex: fish and dolphins
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Convergent Evolution
Phylogeny
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
15. Preserved in asphalt tar pits
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Phylogeny
Reproductively Isolated
Actual Remains
16. Change in the genetic makeup of a population with time -explained by the constant propagation of new variations in the genes of a species - some of which impart an adaptive advantage
Analogous Structures
Evolution
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
17. Change allele frequencies in a population - shifting gene equilibria -can either be favorable or detrimental for the offspring
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Mutation (Microevolution)
Variations
Development of New Species
18. Missing link between reptiles (has teeth and scales) and birds (also has feathers)
Formation of Primitive Cells
Dinosaurs
Archaepteryx
Competition (struggle for survival)
19. Refers to changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance -tend to be more pronounced in small populations - where it is sometimes called the founder effect
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Fossils
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Gene Flow
20. First forms of life lacked the ability to synthesize their own nutrients; they required performed molecules which made them heterotrophs -energy was present in the form of heat - electricity - solar radiation - including x rays and ultraviolet light
Variations
Actual Remains
Heterotroph Hypothesis
Isolation
21. Species multiplication is generally accompanied by migration to lessen intraspecific competition
Fossils
Geographic Barriers
Molds
Saber-Tooth Tigers
22. Population is very large -no mutations affect the gene pool -mating between individuals in the population is random -there is no net migration of individuals into or out of the populations -genes in the population are all equally successful at reprod
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Formation of Primitive Cells
Petrification
Reproductively Isolated
23. The most direct evidence of evolutionary change -represent the remains of an extinct ancestor -generally found in sedimentary rocks
Comparative Embryology
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Casts
Fossils
24. Mates are not randoomly chosen but rather selected according to criteria such as phenotype and proximity - the relative genotype ratios will be affected and will depart from the predictions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Molds
Convergent Evolution
Competition (struggle for survival)
25. Real populations have unstable gene pools and migrating populations -agents of this change are natural selection - mutation - assortive mating -genetic drift - and gene flow
Mutation (Microevolution)
Amber
Microevolution
Comparative Embryology
26. Ancient animals similar to both reptiles and birds and dominant in the Mesozoic era
Amber
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Dinosaurs
Competition (struggle for survival)
27. Migration of individuals between populations that will result in a loss or gain of genes - thus changing the composition of a population's gene pool
Speciation
Population
Gene Flow
Molds
28. P^2+2pq+q^2=1 -p^2=frequency of TT (dominant homozygotes) -2pq=frequency of Tt (heterozygotes) -q^2=frequency of tt (recessive homozygotes)
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Gene Flow
Evolution
29. All members of a particular species inhabiting a given locations
Inheritance of the Variations
Population
Imprints
Competition (struggle for survival)
30. The evolution of new species - which are groups of individuals who can interbreed freely with each other but not with members of other speies
Vestigial Structures
Speciation
Modern Genetics
Trilobite
31. Individuals that survive (those with favorable variations) live to adulthood - reproduce their own kind - and thus transmit these favorable variations or adaptations to their offspring
Competition (struggle for survival)
Microevolution
Geographic Barriers
Inheritance of the Variations
32. Primitive crustacean (relative to the lobster) - which was dominant form of the early Paleozoic era
Mutation (Microevolution)
Gene Flow
Trilobite
Deme
33. Appear to be useless but apparently had some ancestral functions
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Convergent Evolution
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
34. Stages of development of the embryo resemble the stages in an organism's evolutionary history
Dinosaurs
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Comparative Embryology
Gene Flow
35. Over many generations of natural selection - the favorable changes eventually results in such significant changes of the gene pool that we can say a new species has evolved
Deme
Evolution of New Species
Comparative Biochemistry (Physiology)
Development of Autotrophs
36. The decimal fraction representing the presence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Gene Frequency
Formation of Primitive Cells
Convergent Evolution
37. More offspring are produced than can survive
Development of New Species
Genetic Information
Speciation
Overpopulation
38. A cluster of colloidal molecules surrounded by a shell of water -tend to absorb and incorporate substances from the surrounding environment
Vestigial Structures
Gene Flow
Coacervate Droplets
Variations
39. The emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species -may diverge into a number of distinct species; the differences between them are those adaptive to a distinct lifestyle - or niche
Fossils
Adaptive Radiation
Casts
Microevolution
40. Genotypes with favorable variations are selected thorugh natural selection - and the frequency of favorable genes increases with the genepool. genotypes with low adaptive values tend to disappear
Molds
Woolly Mammoth
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Competition (struggle for survival)
41. Same basic anatomical features and evolutionary origins -demonstrate similar evolutionary patterns with late divergence of form due to differences in exposure to evolutioinary forces
Evolution of New Species
Amber
Homologous Structures
Genetic Information
42. Organisms in a species have variations that give them an advantage over other members of the species -organisms may have adaptations that are advantageous for survival
Modern Genetics
Trilobite
Petrification
Natural Selection
43. Hairy elephant found in the Siberian ice
Casts
Microevolution
Molds
Woolly Mammoth
44. Similar functions but may have different evolutionary origins and entirely different patterns of development
Deme
Analogous Structures
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Saber-Tooth Tigers
45. Stanley L. Miller demonstrated the application of UV rays - heat or a combination of these to a mixture of methane - hydrogen - ammonia - and water could result in the formation of complex molecules -after circulation of the gases for one week - he a
Gene Frequency
Population
Branching Evolutionary Tree
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
46. Impressions left by an organism ex: footprints
Casts
Development of Autotrophs
Vestigial Structures
Imprints
47. Colloidal protein molecules tend to clump together to form coacervate Droplets
Comparative Embryology
Eohippus
Analogous Structures
Formation of Primitive Cells
48. Formed by minerals deposited in molds
Population
Variations
Convergent Evolution
Casts
49. Small local population -closely related genetically since mating between members of the same occurs more frequently =influenced by similar environmental factors and thus are subject to the same selection processes
Petrification
Microevolution
Deme
Analogous Structures
50. Form in hollow spaces of rocks - as the organisms within decay
Adaptive Radiation
Molds
Analogous Structures
Development of Autotrophs