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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Evolution
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stages of development of the embryo resemble the stages in an organism's evolutionary history
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Reproductively Isolated
Analogous Structures
Comparative Embryology
2. Primitive crustacean (relative to the lobster) - which was dominant form of the early Paleozoic era
Woolly Mammoth
Competition (struggle for survival)
Geographic Barriers
Trilobite
3. The most direct evidence of evolutionary change -represent the remains of an extinct ancestor -generally found in sedimentary rocks
Gene Pool
Fossils
Competition (struggle for survival)
Saber-Tooth Tigers
4. Real populations have unstable gene pools and migrating populations -agents of this change are natural selection - mutation - assortive mating -genetic drift - and gene flow
Evolutionary History
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Comparative Embryology
Microevolution
5. A cluster of colloidal molecules surrounded by a shell of water -tend to absorb and incorporate substances from the surrounding environment
Inheritance of the Variations
Evolution of New Species
Variations
Coacervate Droplets
6. Ancient animals similar to both reptiles and birds and dominant in the Mesozoic era
Natural Selection
Imprints
Dinosaurs
Comparative Embryology
7. If gene pools within a species become sufficiently different so that two individuals can't mate and produce fertile offspring - two different species have developed
Molds
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Development of New Species
Gene Pool
8. Genotypes with favorable variations are selected thorugh natural selection - and the frequency of favorable genes increases with the genepool. genotypes with low adaptive values tend to disappear
Formation of Primitive Cells
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Development of Autotrophs
Variations
9. Common ancestor is found at the trunk and the modern species at the tips of the branches
Archaepteryx
Branching Evolutionary Tree
Molds
Genetic Information
10. When groups within the branches develop in similar ways when exposed to similar environments -ex: fish and dolphins
Phylogeny
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Convergent Evolution
Heterotroph Hypothesis
11. Fossil resin of trees
Phylogeny
Amber
Vestigial Structures
Isolation
12. Developing population must compete for the necessities of life. many young must die - and the number of adults in the population generally remains constant from generation to generation
Archaepteryx
Petrification
Evolutionary History
Competition (struggle for survival)
13. Stanley L. Miller demonstrated the application of UV rays - heat or a combination of these to a mixture of methane - hydrogen - ammonia - and water could result in the formation of complex molecules -after circulation of the gases for one week - he a
Formation of Primitive Cells
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Petrification
14. Similar functions but may have different evolutionary origins and entirely different patterns of development
Convergent Evolution
Analogous Structures
Reproductively Isolated
Gene Frequency
15. The evolution of new species - which are groups of individuals who can interbreed freely with each other but not with members of other speies
Speciation
Amber
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Isolation
16. Organisms in a species have variations that give them an advantage over other members of the species -organisms may have adaptations that are advantageous for survival
Actual Remains
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Natural Selection
17. The decimal fraction representing the presence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus
Archaepteryx
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Amber
Gene Frequency
18. When the gene frequencies of a population are not changing - the gene pool is stable - and population is not evolving
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Vestigial Structures
19. Over many generations of natural selection - the favorable changes eventually results in such significant changes of the gene pool that we can say a new species has evolved
Gene Flow
Branching Evolutionary Tree
Evolution of New Species
Vestigial Structures
20. Formed by minerals deposited in molds
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Evolutionary History
Lamarckian Evolution
Casts
21. Preserved in asphalt tar pits
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Evolutionary History
22. Same basic anatomical features and evolutionary origins -demonstrate similar evolutionary patterns with late divergence of form due to differences in exposure to evolutioinary forces
Homologous Structures
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Vestigial Structures
Reproductively Isolated
23. The emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species -may diverge into a number of distinct species; the differences between them are those adaptive to a distinct lifestyle - or niche
Adaptive Radiation
Isolation
Evolution of New Species
Evolutionary History
24. Small local population -closely related genetically since mating between members of the same occurs more frequently =influenced by similar environmental factors and thus are subject to the same selection processes
Inheritance of the Variations
Dinosaurs
Amber
Deme
25. Most organisms demonstrate the same basic needs and metabolic processes -require the same nutrients and contain similar cellular organelles and energy storage forms
Comparative Biochemistry (Physiology)
Development of New Species
Petrification
Branching Evolutionary Tree
26. P^2+2pq+q^2=1 -p^2=frequency of TT (dominant homozygotes) -2pq=frequency of Tt (heterozygotes) -q^2=frequency of tt (recessive homozygotes)
Eohippus
Lamarckian Evolution
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
27. Change in the genetic makeup of a population with time -explained by the constant propagation of new variations in the genes of a species - some of which impart an adaptive advantage
Evolution
Adaptive Radiation
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Gene Pool
28. Primitive horse the size of a fox with four toes and short teeth with pointed cusps for feeding on soft leaves
Fossils
Eohippus
Formation of Primitive Cells
Branching Evolutionary Tree
29. Results from the geographic isolation of a population
Variations
Isolation
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Reproductively Isolated
30. Discredited theory held that new organs or changes in existing ones arose becaUse of the needs of the organism
Molds
Isolation
Lamarckian Evolution
Gene Flow
31. The process in which minerals replace the cells of an organism
Speciation
Trilobite
Petrification
Saber-Tooth Tigers
32. Species multiplication is generally accompanied by migration to lessen intraspecific competition
Natural Selection
Geographic Barriers
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Population
33. Mates are not randoomly chosen but rather selected according to criteria such as phenotype and proximity - the relative genotype ratios will be affected and will depart from the predictions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Development of New Species
Comparative Embryology
Mutation (Microevolution)
34. Dissimilar species ahve been found to have evolved from a common ancestor
Molds
Amber
Development of Autotrophs
Evolutionary History
35. Migration of individuals between populations that will result in a loss or gain of genes - thus changing the composition of a population's gene pool
Evolution
Gene Flow
Dinosaurs
Actual Remains
36. Form in hollow spaces of rocks - as the organisms within decay
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Casts
Analogous Structures
Molds
37. Evolutionary history and can be viewed asa branching tree
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Phylogeny
Mutation (Microevolution)
Fossils
38. Change allele frequencies in a population - shifting gene equilibria -can either be favorable or detrimental for the offspring
Formation of Primitive Cells
Petrification
Comparative Biochemistry (Physiology)
Mutation (Microevolution)
39. Individuals that survive (those with favorable variations) live to adulthood - reproduce their own kind - and thus transmit these favorable variations or adaptations to their offspring
Comparative Embryology
Modern Genetics
Inheritance of the Variations
Natural Selection
40. Primitive heterotrophs slowly evolved complex biochemical pathways which enabled them to use a wider variety of nutrients -evolved anaerobic respiratory process to convert nutrients into energy -photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition was developed
Development of Autotrophs
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Lamarckian Evolution
Isolation
41. Offspring naturally show differences in their characteristics compared to their parents
Variations
Trilobite
Inheritance of the Variations
Evolutionary History
42. More offspring are produced than can survive
Genetic Information
Speciation
Microevolution
Overpopulation
43. Populations will become sufficiently different from each other to be able to reproduce
Comparative Embryology
Modern Genetics
Reproductively Isolated
Coacervate Droplets
44. Population is very large -no mutations affect the gene pool -mating between individuals in the population is random -there is no net migration of individuals into or out of the populations -genes in the population are all equally successful at reprod
Actual Remains
Eohippus
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Convergent Evolution
45. Appear to be useless but apparently had some ancestral functions
Natural Selection
Population
Lamarckian Evolution
Vestigial Structures
46. The sum total of all the alleles for any given trait in the population
Evolutionary History
Gene Pool
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Reproductively Isolated
47. First forms of life lacked the ability to synthesize their own nutrients; they required performed molecules which made them heterotrophs -energy was present in the form of heat - electricity - solar radiation - including x rays and ultraviolet light
Isolation
Convergent Evolution
Population
Heterotroph Hypothesis
48. All members of a particular species inhabiting a given locations
Dinosaurs
Population
Mutation (Microevolution)
Geographic Barriers
49. Impressions left by an organism ex: footprints
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Eohippus
Imprints
50. Refers to changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance -tend to be more pronounced in small populations - where it is sometimes called the founder effect
Analogous Structures
Fossils
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Comparative Embryology