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PCAT Biology Evolution

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First forms of life lacked the ability to synthesize their own nutrients; they required performed molecules which made them heterotrophs -energy was present in the form of heat - electricity - solar radiation - including x rays and ultraviolet light






2. Only changes in the DNA of the sex cells can be inherited -changes acquired during an individual's life are changes in the characteristics and organization of somatic cells






3. Change in the genetic makeup of a population with time -explained by the constant propagation of new variations in the genes of a species - some of which impart an adaptive advantage






4. The decimal fraction representing the presence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus






5. Ancient animals similar to both reptiles and birds and dominant in the Mesozoic era






6. Small local population -closely related genetically since mating between members of the same occurs more frequently =influenced by similar environmental factors and thus are subject to the same selection processes






7. Results from the geographic isolation of a population






8. Primitive heterotrophs slowly evolved complex biochemical pathways which enabled them to use a wider variety of nutrients -evolved anaerobic respiratory process to convert nutrients into energy -photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition was developed






9. Change allele frequencies in a population - shifting gene equilibria -can either be favorable or detrimental for the offspring






10. Species multiplication is generally accompanied by migration to lessen intraspecific competition






11. Mates are not randoomly chosen but rather selected according to criteria such as phenotype and proximity - the relative genotype ratios will be affected and will depart from the predictions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium






12. The sum total of all the alleles for any given trait in the population






13. Individuals that survive (those with favorable variations) live to adulthood - reproduce their own kind - and thus transmit these favorable variations or adaptations to their offspring






14. If gene pools within a species become sufficiently different so that two individuals can't mate and produce fertile offspring - two different species have developed






15. Form in hollow spaces of rocks - as the organisms within decay






16. Fossil resin of trees






17. Impressions left by an organism ex: footprints






18. Formed by minerals deposited in molds






19. Preserved in asphalt tar pits






20. Migration of individuals between populations that will result in a loss or gain of genes - thus changing the composition of a population's gene pool






21. Pressures in the environment select for the organism most fit to survive and reproduce -concluded that a member of a particular species that is equipped with beneficial traits - allowing it to cope effectively with the immediate environment - will pr


22. Population is very large -no mutations affect the gene pool -mating between individuals in the population is random -there is no net migration of individuals into or out of the populations -genes in the population are all equally successful at reprod






23. Refers to changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance -tend to be more pronounced in small populations - where it is sometimes called the founder effect






24. Missing link between reptiles (has teeth and scales) and birds (also has feathers)






25. Developing population must compete for the necessities of life. many young must die - and the number of adults in the population generally remains constant from generation to generation






26. The process in which minerals replace the cells of an organism






27. Hairy elephant found in the Siberian ice






28. Similar functions but may have different evolutionary origins and entirely different patterns of development






29. Stages of development of the embryo resemble the stages in an organism's evolutionary history






30. Organisms in a species have variations that give them an advantage over other members of the species -organisms may have adaptations that are advantageous for survival






31. Evolutionary history and can be viewed asa branching tree






32. Offspring naturally show differences in their characteristics compared to their parents






33. A cluster of colloidal molecules surrounded by a shell of water -tend to absorb and incorporate substances from the surrounding environment






34. The evolution of new species - which are groups of individuals who can interbreed freely with each other but not with members of other speies






35. Real populations have unstable gene pools and migrating populations -agents of this change are natural selection - mutation - assortive mating -genetic drift - and gene flow






36. Genotypes with favorable variations are selected thorugh natural selection - and the frequency of favorable genes increases with the genepool. genotypes with low adaptive values tend to disappear






37. Stanley L. Miller demonstrated the application of UV rays - heat or a combination of these to a mixture of methane - hydrogen - ammonia - and water could result in the formation of complex molecules -after circulation of the gases for one week - he a






38. The closer the organisms in the evolutionary scheme - the greater the similarity of their chemical constituents






39. When groups within the branches develop in similar ways when exposed to similar environments -ex: fish and dolphins






40. Dissimilar species ahve been found to have evolved from a common ancestor






41. Common ancestor is found at the trunk and the modern species at the tips of the branches






42. Incude teeth - bones - etc. rock - tar pits - ice - and amber






43. All members of a particular species inhabiting a given locations






44. Over many generations of natural selection - the favorable changes eventually results in such significant changes of the gene pool that we can say a new species has evolved






45. When the gene frequencies of a population are not changing - the gene pool is stable - and population is not evolving






46. More offspring are produced than can survive






47. P^2+2pq+q^2=1 -p^2=frequency of TT (dominant homozygotes) -2pq=frequency of Tt (heterozygotes) -q^2=frequency of tt (recessive homozygotes)






48. Populations will become sufficiently different from each other to be able to reproduce






49. Primitive crustacean (relative to the lobster) - which was dominant form of the early Paleozoic era






50. Colloidal protein molecules tend to clump together to form coacervate Droplets