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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Evolution
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Offspring naturally show differences in their characteristics compared to their parents
Variations
Lamarckian Evolution
Homologous Structures
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
2. Population is very large -no mutations affect the gene pool -mating between individuals in the population is random -there is no net migration of individuals into or out of the populations -genes in the population are all equally successful at reprod
Dinosaurs
Modern Genetics
Trilobite
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
3. Results from the geographic isolation of a population
Isolation
Woolly Mammoth
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Casts
4. A cluster of colloidal molecules surrounded by a shell of water -tend to absorb and incorporate substances from the surrounding environment
Phylogeny
Mutation (Microevolution)
Coacervate Droplets
Imprints
5. Formed by minerals deposited in molds
Casts
Coacervate Droplets
Evolution of New Species
Formation of Primitive Cells
6. Refers to changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance -tend to be more pronounced in small populations - where it is sometimes called the founder effect
Microevolution
Evolutionary History
Genetic Information
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
7. The emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species -may diverge into a number of distinct species; the differences between them are those adaptive to a distinct lifestyle - or niche
Adaptive Radiation
Petrification
Speciation
Formation of Primitive Cells
8. Genotypes with favorable variations are selected thorugh natural selection - and the frequency of favorable genes increases with the genepool. genotypes with low adaptive values tend to disappear
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Competition (struggle for survival)
Homologous Structures
Archaepteryx
9. Form in hollow spaces of rocks - as the organisms within decay
Molds
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Genetic Information
10. Similar functions but may have different evolutionary origins and entirely different patterns of development
Analogous Structures
Formation of Primitive Cells
Comparative Biochemistry (Physiology)
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
11. Impressions left by an organism ex: footprints
Petrification
Modern Genetics
Imprints
Saber-Tooth Tigers
12. If gene pools within a species become sufficiently different so that two individuals can't mate and produce fertile offspring - two different species have developed
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Comparative Embryology
Evolution of New Species
Development of New Species
13. Developing population must compete for the necessities of life. many young must die - and the number of adults in the population generally remains constant from generation to generation
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Reproductively Isolated
Isolation
Competition (struggle for survival)
14. Fossil resin of trees
Amber
Geographic Barriers
Gene Flow
Homologous Structures
15. Species multiplication is generally accompanied by migration to lessen intraspecific competition
Modern Genetics
Mutation (Microevolution)
Variations
Geographic Barriers
16. Small local population -closely related genetically since mating between members of the same occurs more frequently =influenced by similar environmental factors and thus are subject to the same selection processes
Trilobite
Deme
Geographic Barriers
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
17. Individuals that survive (those with favorable variations) live to adulthood - reproduce their own kind - and thus transmit these favorable variations or adaptations to their offspring
Inheritance of the Variations
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Petrification
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
18. Change allele frequencies in a population - shifting gene equilibria -can either be favorable or detrimental for the offspring
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Isolation
Mutation (Microevolution)
Trilobite
19. Pressures in the environment select for the organism most fit to survive and reproduce -concluded that a member of a particular species that is equipped with beneficial traits - allowing it to cope effectively with the immediate environment - will pr
20. P^2+2pq+q^2=1 -p^2=frequency of TT (dominant homozygotes) -2pq=frequency of Tt (heterozygotes) -q^2=frequency of tt (recessive homozygotes)
Formation of Primitive Cells
Modern Genetics
Convergent Evolution
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
21. Appear to be useless but apparently had some ancestral functions
Gene Frequency
Gene Pool
Vestigial Structures
Coacervate Droplets
22. Common ancestor is found at the trunk and the modern species at the tips of the branches
Gene Pool
Natural Selection
Molds
Branching Evolutionary Tree
23. First forms of life lacked the ability to synthesize their own nutrients; they required performed molecules which made them heterotrophs -energy was present in the form of heat - electricity - solar radiation - including x rays and ultraviolet light
Overpopulation
Heterotroph Hypothesis
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
Population
24. Real populations have unstable gene pools and migrating populations -agents of this change are natural selection - mutation - assortive mating -genetic drift - and gene flow
Genetic Drift (Microevolution)
Coacervate Droplets
Microevolution
Mutation (Microevolution)
25. Colloidal protein molecules tend to clump together to form coacervate Droplets
Mutation (Microevolution)
Formation of Primitive Cells
Reproductively Isolated
Petrification
26. Migration of individuals between populations that will result in a loss or gain of genes - thus changing the composition of a population's gene pool
Gene Flow
Deme
Genetic Information
Development of Autotrophs
27. Only changes in the DNA of the sex cells can be inherited -changes acquired during an individual's life are changes in the characteristics and organization of somatic cells
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
Modern Genetics
Gene Flow
Inheritance of the Variations
28. The process in which minerals replace the cells of an organism
Amber
Competition (struggle for survival)
Eohippus
Petrification
29. Change in the genetic makeup of a population with time -explained by the constant propagation of new variations in the genes of a species - some of which impart an adaptive advantage
Evolution
Microevolution
Lamarckian Evolution
Population
30. When groups within the branches develop in similar ways when exposed to similar environments -ex: fish and dolphins
Convergent Evolution
Evolution of New Species
Phylogeny
Archaepteryx
31. When the gene frequencies of a population are not changing - the gene pool is stable - and population is not evolving
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Geographic Barriers
Reproductively Isolated
Archaepteryx
32. Hairy elephant found in the Siberian ice
Eohippus
Coacervate Droplets
Overpopulation
Woolly Mammoth
33. Populations will become sufficiently different from each other to be able to reproduce
Reproductively Isolated
Casts
Molds
Population
34. Evolutionary history and can be viewed asa branching tree
Phylogeny
Gene Pool
Imprints
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
35. The decimal fraction representing the presence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus
Development of Autotrophs
Lamarckian Evolution
Vestigial Structures
Gene Frequency
36. Stanley L. Miller demonstrated the application of UV rays - heat or a combination of these to a mixture of methane - hydrogen - ammonia - and water could result in the formation of complex molecules -after circulation of the gases for one week - he a
Evidence of Organic Synthesis
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Casts
Convergent Evolution
37. Preserved in asphalt tar pits
Formation of Primitive Cells
Saber-Tooth Tigers
Eohippus
Development of Autotrophs
38. Organisms in a species have variations that give them an advantage over other members of the species -organisms may have adaptations that are advantageous for survival
Competition (struggle for survival)
Speciation
Natural Selection
Casts
39. Ancient animals similar to both reptiles and birds and dominant in the Mesozoic era
Natural Selection (Microevolution)
Dinosaurs
Woolly Mammoth
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
40. Incude teeth - bones - etc. rock - tar pits - ice - and amber
Fossils
Microevolution
Development of Autotrophs
Actual Remains
41. Primitive horse the size of a fox with four toes and short teeth with pointed cusps for feeding on soft leaves
Evolution
Reproductively Isolated
Eohippus
Dinosaurs
42. The closer the organisms in the evolutionary scheme - the greater the similarity of their chemical constituents
Vestigial Structures
Trilobite
Eohippus
Genetic Information
43. Missing link between reptiles (has teeth and scales) and birds (also has feathers)
Convergent Evolution
Gene Flow
Competition (struggle for survival)
Archaepteryx
44. Stages of development of the embryo resemble the stages in an organism's evolutionary history
Fossils
Evolution of New Species
Isolation
Comparative Embryology
45. Most organisms demonstrate the same basic needs and metabolic processes -require the same nutrients and contain similar cellular organelles and energy storage forms
Comparative Biochemistry (Physiology)
Reproductively Isolated
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Evolution of New Species
46. The most direct evidence of evolutionary change -represent the remains of an extinct ancestor -generally found in sedimentary rocks
Deme
Fossils
Evolution of New Species
Analogous Structures
47. The sum total of all the alleles for any given trait in the population
Gene Pool
Phylogeny
Lamarckian Evolution
Amber
48. Same basic anatomical features and evolutionary origins -demonstrate similar evolutionary patterns with late divergence of form due to differences in exposure to evolutioinary forces
Homologous Structures
Variations
Molds
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
49. Primitive heterotrophs slowly evolved complex biochemical pathways which enabled them to use a wider variety of nutrients -evolved anaerobic respiratory process to convert nutrients into energy -photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition was developed
Development of Autotrophs
Fossils
Heterotroph Hypothesis
Assortive Mating (Microevolution)
50. Over many generations of natural selection - the favorable changes eventually results in such significant changes of the gene pool that we can say a new species has evolved
Reproductively Isolated
Evolution of New Species
Homologous Structures
Evidence of Organic Synthesis