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PCAT Biology Evolution

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change allele frequencies in a population - shifting gene equilibria -can either be favorable or detrimental for the offspring






2. When the gene frequencies of a population are not changing - the gene pool is stable - and population is not evolving






3. The closer the organisms in the evolutionary scheme - the greater the similarity of their chemical constituents






4. Offspring naturally show differences in their characteristics compared to their parents






5. Stanley L. Miller demonstrated the application of UV rays - heat or a combination of these to a mixture of methane - hydrogen - ammonia - and water could result in the formation of complex molecules -after circulation of the gases for one week - he a






6. Primitive heterotrophs slowly evolved complex biochemical pathways which enabled them to use a wider variety of nutrients -evolved anaerobic respiratory process to convert nutrients into energy -photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition was developed






7. If gene pools within a species become sufficiently different so that two individuals can't mate and produce fertile offspring - two different species have developed






8. Refers to changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance -tend to be more pronounced in small populations - where it is sometimes called the founder effect






9. Developing population must compete for the necessities of life. many young must die - and the number of adults in the population generally remains constant from generation to generation






10. Primitive horse the size of a fox with four toes and short teeth with pointed cusps for feeding on soft leaves






11. Ancient animals similar to both reptiles and birds and dominant in the Mesozoic era






12. Common ancestor is found at the trunk and the modern species at the tips of the branches






13. Species multiplication is generally accompanied by migration to lessen intraspecific competition






14. The emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species -may diverge into a number of distinct species; the differences between them are those adaptive to a distinct lifestyle - or niche






15. Incude teeth - bones - etc. rock - tar pits - ice - and amber






16. P^2+2pq+q^2=1 -p^2=frequency of TT (dominant homozygotes) -2pq=frequency of Tt (heterozygotes) -q^2=frequency of tt (recessive homozygotes)






17. Primitive crustacean (relative to the lobster) - which was dominant form of the early Paleozoic era






18. Only changes in the DNA of the sex cells can be inherited -changes acquired during an individual's life are changes in the characteristics and organization of somatic cells






19. The most direct evidence of evolutionary change -represent the remains of an extinct ancestor -generally found in sedimentary rocks






20. Over many generations of natural selection - the favorable changes eventually results in such significant changes of the gene pool that we can say a new species has evolved






21. Pressures in the environment select for the organism most fit to survive and reproduce -concluded that a member of a particular species that is equipped with beneficial traits - allowing it to cope effectively with the immediate environment - will pr


22. Same basic anatomical features and evolutionary origins -demonstrate similar evolutionary patterns with late divergence of form due to differences in exposure to evolutioinary forces






23. The decimal fraction representing the presence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus






24. The process in which minerals replace the cells of an organism






25. A cluster of colloidal molecules surrounded by a shell of water -tend to absorb and incorporate substances from the surrounding environment






26. All members of a particular species inhabiting a given locations






27. Discredited theory held that new organs or changes in existing ones arose becaUse of the needs of the organism






28. Hairy elephant found in the Siberian ice






29. Formed by minerals deposited in molds






30. Individuals that survive (those with favorable variations) live to adulthood - reproduce their own kind - and thus transmit these favorable variations or adaptations to their offspring






31. Preserved in asphalt tar pits






32. Change in the genetic makeup of a population with time -explained by the constant propagation of new variations in the genes of a species - some of which impart an adaptive advantage






33. Fossil resin of trees






34. Mates are not randoomly chosen but rather selected according to criteria such as phenotype and proximity - the relative genotype ratios will be affected and will depart from the predictions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium






35. When groups within the branches develop in similar ways when exposed to similar environments -ex: fish and dolphins






36. Populations will become sufficiently different from each other to be able to reproduce






37. Genotypes with favorable variations are selected thorugh natural selection - and the frequency of favorable genes increases with the genepool. genotypes with low adaptive values tend to disappear






38. Population is very large -no mutations affect the gene pool -mating between individuals in the population is random -there is no net migration of individuals into or out of the populations -genes in the population are all equally successful at reprod






39. Impressions left by an organism ex: footprints






40. Small local population -closely related genetically since mating between members of the same occurs more frequently =influenced by similar environmental factors and thus are subject to the same selection processes






41. Colloidal protein molecules tend to clump together to form coacervate Droplets






42. Most organisms demonstrate the same basic needs and metabolic processes -require the same nutrients and contain similar cellular organelles and energy storage forms






43. Organisms in a species have variations that give them an advantage over other members of the species -organisms may have adaptations that are advantageous for survival






44. Form in hollow spaces of rocks - as the organisms within decay






45. Migration of individuals between populations that will result in a loss or gain of genes - thus changing the composition of a population's gene pool






46. The evolution of new species - which are groups of individuals who can interbreed freely with each other but not with members of other speies






47. Dissimilar species ahve been found to have evolved from a common ancestor






48. First forms of life lacked the ability to synthesize their own nutrients; they required performed molecules which made them heterotrophs -energy was present in the form of heat - electricity - solar radiation - including x rays and ultraviolet light






49. More offspring are produced than can survive






50. Results from the geographic isolation of a population