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PCAT Biology Evolution

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hairy elephant found in the Siberian ice






2. The decimal fraction representing the presence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus






3. The evolution of new species - which are groups of individuals who can interbreed freely with each other but not with members of other speies






4. The closer the organisms in the evolutionary scheme - the greater the similarity of their chemical constituents






5. Organisms in a species have variations that give them an advantage over other members of the species -organisms may have adaptations that are advantageous for survival






6. Evolutionary history and can be viewed asa branching tree






7. Results from the geographic isolation of a population






8. Missing link between reptiles (has teeth and scales) and birds (also has feathers)






9. Most organisms demonstrate the same basic needs and metabolic processes -require the same nutrients and contain similar cellular organelles and energy storage forms






10. The most direct evidence of evolutionary change -represent the remains of an extinct ancestor -generally found in sedimentary rocks






11. Mates are not randoomly chosen but rather selected according to criteria such as phenotype and proximity - the relative genotype ratios will be affected and will depart from the predictions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium






12. Over many generations of natural selection - the favorable changes eventually results in such significant changes of the gene pool that we can say a new species has evolved






13. The emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species -may diverge into a number of distinct species; the differences between them are those adaptive to a distinct lifestyle - or niche






14. Primitive horse the size of a fox with four toes and short teeth with pointed cusps for feeding on soft leaves






15. Species multiplication is generally accompanied by migration to lessen intraspecific competition






16. Discredited theory held that new organs or changes in existing ones arose becaUse of the needs of the organism






17. Stages of development of the embryo resemble the stages in an organism's evolutionary history






18. Small local population -closely related genetically since mating between members of the same occurs more frequently =influenced by similar environmental factors and thus are subject to the same selection processes






19. Developing population must compete for the necessities of life. many young must die - and the number of adults in the population generally remains constant from generation to generation






20. Ancient animals similar to both reptiles and birds and dominant in the Mesozoic era






21. Formed by minerals deposited in molds






22. More offspring are produced than can survive






23. When the gene frequencies of a population are not changing - the gene pool is stable - and population is not evolving






24. If gene pools within a species become sufficiently different so that two individuals can't mate and produce fertile offspring - two different species have developed






25. Common ancestor is found at the trunk and the modern species at the tips of the branches






26. Same basic anatomical features and evolutionary origins -demonstrate similar evolutionary patterns with late divergence of form due to differences in exposure to evolutioinary forces






27. Preserved in asphalt tar pits






28. Form in hollow spaces of rocks - as the organisms within decay






29. Genotypes with favorable variations are selected thorugh natural selection - and the frequency of favorable genes increases with the genepool. genotypes with low adaptive values tend to disappear






30. Offspring naturally show differences in their characteristics compared to their parents






31. Primitive crustacean (relative to the lobster) - which was dominant form of the early Paleozoic era






32. Individuals that survive (those with favorable variations) live to adulthood - reproduce their own kind - and thus transmit these favorable variations or adaptations to their offspring






33. Migration of individuals between populations that will result in a loss or gain of genes - thus changing the composition of a population's gene pool






34. All members of a particular species inhabiting a given locations






35. Real populations have unstable gene pools and migrating populations -agents of this change are natural selection - mutation - assortive mating -genetic drift - and gene flow






36. Only changes in the DNA of the sex cells can be inherited -changes acquired during an individual's life are changes in the characteristics and organization of somatic cells






37. The process in which minerals replace the cells of an organism






38. Primitive heterotrophs slowly evolved complex biochemical pathways which enabled them to use a wider variety of nutrients -evolved anaerobic respiratory process to convert nutrients into energy -photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition was developed






39. Impressions left by an organism ex: footprints






40. Incude teeth - bones - etc. rock - tar pits - ice - and amber






41. Appear to be useless but apparently had some ancestral functions






42. First forms of life lacked the ability to synthesize their own nutrients; they required performed molecules which made them heterotrophs -energy was present in the form of heat - electricity - solar radiation - including x rays and ultraviolet light






43. Populations will become sufficiently different from each other to be able to reproduce






44. When groups within the branches develop in similar ways when exposed to similar environments -ex: fish and dolphins






45. P^2+2pq+q^2=1 -p^2=frequency of TT (dominant homozygotes) -2pq=frequency of Tt (heterozygotes) -q^2=frequency of tt (recessive homozygotes)






46. Fossil resin of trees






47. Change allele frequencies in a population - shifting gene equilibria -can either be favorable or detrimental for the offspring






48. Similar functions but may have different evolutionary origins and entirely different patterns of development






49. Colloidal protein molecules tend to clump together to form coacervate Droplets






50. A cluster of colloidal molecules surrounded by a shell of water -tend to absorb and incorporate substances from the surrounding environment