Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






2. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






3. Occurs when linked genes are separated






4. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






5. Individuals being crossed






6. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






7. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






8. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






9. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






10. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






11. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






12. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






13. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






14. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






16. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






17. New codon may code for the same amino acid






18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






19. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






20. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






21. New codon may be a stop codon






22. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






23. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






27. Where protein synthesis occurs






28. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






29. Initiation - elongation - and termination






30. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






32. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






33. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






34. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






35. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






36. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






38. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






39. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






40. Basic unit of heredity






41. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






42. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






43. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






46. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






47. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






48. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






49. Cytosine and thymine






50. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele