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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Heredity
Backcross
Autosomes
Point Mutation
2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
RNA
Missense Mutation
DNA Replication
Filial (F generations)
3. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Mutable
Phenotype
Plasmids
Backcross
4. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Phenotype
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Filial (F generations)
5. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Mendelian Genetics
Plasmids
Monohybrid Cross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
6. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Messenger mRNA
Mutagenic Agents
RNA
Incomplete Dominance
7. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Promoter gene
Silent Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
Repressible Systems
8. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Transcription
Recessive Allele
Polypeptide Synthesis
9. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Codons
Mutations
Nondisjunction
Frameshift Mutation
10. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Lagging Strand
Termination Codons
Bacterial Replication
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
11. Individuals being crossed
Backcross
Elongation
Parental (P Generation)
Autosomes
12. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Termination Codons
Transcription
Transformation
Anticodon
13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Homozygous
Sex Linked
Leading Strand
Conjugation
14. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
A-site
Promoter gene
Nondisjunction
Transformation
15. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Mendelian Genetics
Operator Gene
Testcross
Drosophila Melanogaster
16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Gene Mutation
Varions
17. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Elongation
Semiconservative
Lyse
18. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Alleles
Triplet Code
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
19. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Inducible Systems
Recombination
Genotype
Triplet Code
20. Cell burst
Heredity
Sex Linked
Lyse
Plasmid
21. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Transcription
Dominant Allele
Operon
Mutable
22. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Leading Strand
Gene Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Bacterial Genome
23. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Promoter gene
Sex Linked
Leading Strand
24. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Autosomes
Heterozygous
Filial (F generations)
25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Inducible Systems
Okazaki fragments
Recessive Allele
Monohybrid Cross
26. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Semiconservative
Regulator Gene
Virulent
27. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Anticodon
Bacterial Genome
Lytic Cycle
Semiconservative
28. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Environmental Factors
Inducible Systems
Frameshift Mutation
Semiconservative
29. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polyribosome
Recessive Allele
Regulator Gene
30. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Elongation
Heterozygous
Mendelian Genetics
31. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
A-site
Chromosomal Breakage
Punnet Square Diagram
Varions
32. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Pyrimidines
Episomes
A-site
Start Codon
33. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Antibody resistance
DNA
Chromosomes
Backcross
34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Repressible Systems
Heterozygous
P-site
35. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transformation
Okazaki fragments
Transduction
Nondisjunction
36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
37. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Heredity
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Repressible Systems
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
38. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Semiconservative
Filial (F generations)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
39. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Monohybrid Cross
Complementary Base-Pairing
Codons
40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Chromosomal Breakage
Genetic Code
Leading Strand
DNA
41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
A-site
Antibody resistance
Operon
Chromosomes
42. Cytosine and thymine
Silent Mutation
Sex Linked
Pyrimidines
Lytic Cycle
43. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Testcross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Okazaki fragments
44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Silent Mutation
Virulent
Nonsense Mutation
Anticodon
45. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Bacterial Replication
Complementary Base-Pairing
Regulator Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
46. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Binary fission
Homozygous
Gene Mutation
Nondisjunction
47. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Ribosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
tRNA Job
48. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Genotype
Silent Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Leading Strand
49. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Sex Linked Recessives
Testcross
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transcription
50. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Monocistronic
Chromosomal Breakage
P-site
Incomplete Dominance