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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may be a stop codon






2. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






5. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






6. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






7. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






8. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






9. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






10. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






11. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






12. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






13. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






14. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






15. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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16. Individuals being crossed






17. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






18. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






19. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






20. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






21. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






22. Short segments from lagging strand






23. Adenine and guanine






24. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






25. Where protein synthesis occurs






26. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






27. New codon may code for a different amino acid






28. Location of genes on DNA






29. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






30. Basic unit of heredity






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






34. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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35. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






36. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






37. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






38. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






39. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






40. Cytosine and thymine






41. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






42. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






43. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






45. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






48. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






49. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis