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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and guanine






2. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






3. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






4. Initiation - elongation - and termination






5. Basic unit of heredity






6. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






7. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






10. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






14. Consists of structural genes






15. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






16. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






17. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






18. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






19. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






20. Organisms that carry two different alleles






21. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






22. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






23. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






24. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






25. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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26. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






27. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






28. Short segments from lagging strand






29. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






30. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






31. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






32. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






34. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






35. New codon may code for a different amino acid






36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






37. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






38. Progeny generations






39. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






40. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






42. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






43. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






45. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






46. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






47. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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48. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






49. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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50. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






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