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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Lyse
Inducible Systems
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Phenotype
2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Chromosomes
Crosses
Bacterial Replication
Plasmids
3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Heredity
Gene Mutation
Elongation
Mutable
4. Cell burst
Environmental Factors
Termination Codons
Lyse
Messenger mRNA
5. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Semiconservative
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mutable
6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Genetics
Binary fission
Incomplete Dominance
Lyse
7. Individuals being crossed
Complementary Base-Pairing
Chromosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Parental (P Generation)
8. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Termination Codons
Complementary Base-Pairing
Inducible Systems
9. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Lysogenic Cycle
Frameshift Mutation
Purines
10. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Heredity
Phenotype
Binary fission
Sex Linked Recessives
11. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Lagging Strand
Triplet Code
Double-Stranded Helix
Crosses
12. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Recombination
Double-Stranded Helix
Codons
13. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Autosomes
Bacterial Genome
Operator Gene
Recombination
14. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Synonyms
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Pyrimidines
15. Basic unit of heredity
Synonyms
Gene
Crosses
Codons
16. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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17. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Sex Linked
Genetics
Translocation
Monohybrid Cross
18. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Translation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Okazaki fragments
19. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Crosses
Translation
Virulent
Genetic Code
20. Cytosine and thymine
Complementary Base-Pairing
Pyrimidines
Repressible Systems
Monohybrid Cross
21. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Mutations
Lytic Cycle
Translation
Ribosomes
22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Double-Stranded Helix
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
RNA
Codominance
23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Codons
Episomes
Peptide Bond
Plasmid
24. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Parental (P Generation)
Sex Linked
Translation
25. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Lagging Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
Missense Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
26. Where protein synthesis occurs
Translocation
Ribosomes
RNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Sex Linked
Complementary Base-Pairing
Polyribosome
29. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
Autosomes
Peptide Bond
Operon
30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Transformation
Transcription
Codons
Messenger mRNA
31. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
RNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Triplet Code
Heredity
32. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Polypeptide Synthesis
Frameshift Mutation
Plasmid
33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Mutagenic Agents
Polyribosome
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
34. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Chromosomes
Genetics
Transcription
Bacteriophage
35. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Codons
A-site
Heredity
Transcription
36. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Testcross
Nucleotide
Punnet Square Diagram
Recessive Allele
37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Regulator Gene
Phenotype
Translation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
38. Short segments from lagging strand
RNA
Operon
Okazaki fragments
Plasmids
39. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Backcross
Chromosomal Breakage
Binary fission
Okazaki fragments
40. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Plasmids
Operator Gene
Lyse
41. New codon may be a stop codon
Mutable
Operon
Nonsense Mutation
Alleles
42. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Phenotype
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Genetic Code
Promoter gene
43. Adenine and guanine
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Purines
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Inducible Systems
44. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lysogenic Cycle
Genetics
Recessive Allele
Dominant Allele
45. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Gene Mutation
Recombination
Sex Linked Recessives
Triplet Code
46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Lagging Strand
Alleles
Gene Mutation
Transduction
47. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Lysogenic Cycle
Gene Mutation
Monocistronic
48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Gene
Transcription
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Inducer-Repressor Complex
49. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Elongation
Sex Linked
Mutations
Mutagenic Agents
50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Gene
Ribosomes
Autosomes
Dihybrid Cross
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