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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Nondisjunction
Varions
2. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Promoter gene
Recombination
Binary fission
4. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Leading Strand
Bacteriophage
Promoter gene
Frameshift Mutation
5. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Sex Linked Recessives
Phenotype
Plasmid
Crosses
6. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Pyrimidines
Monocistronic
Operator Gene
7. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Lagging Strand
Start Codon
Chromosomes
Transcription
8. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Conjugation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Phenotype
9. New codon may be a stop codon
Testcross
Polyribosome
Recombination
Nonsense Mutation
10. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Purines
Episomes
Regulator Gene
11. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Heterozygous
Elongation
Translocation
Gene
12. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Incomplete Dominance
Inducible Systems
Chromosomes
A-site
13. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Crosses
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Environmental Factors
14. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Frameshift Mutation
Mutable
Nucleotide
DNA
15. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Translocation
Virulent
Peptide Bond
16. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Elongation
Purines
Heterozygous
Polyribosome
17. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
A-site
Elongation
Termination Codons
Start Codon
18. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Sex Linked Recessives
Transformation
Dihybrid Cross
Translation
19. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Autosomes
Transformation
Mutations
20. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Ribosomes
Missense Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
Mutagenic Agents
21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Frameshift Mutation
Phenotype
Genetics
22. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Environmental Factors
Leading Strand
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Termination Codons
23. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lysogenic Cycle
Punnet Square Diagram
Drosophila Melanogaster
24. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Promoter gene
Plasmids
Operator Gene
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
25. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Transcription
Mutable
Mendelian Genetics
Virulent
26. Location of genes on DNA
Nondisjunction
Environmental Factors
Purines
Chromosomes
27. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Transduction
Silent Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
28. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Elongation
Alleles
Drosophila Melanogaster
Inducer-Repressor Complex
29. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Elongation
Regulator Gene
Monohybrid Cross
Binary fission
30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Point Mutation
DNA Replication
Sex Linked Recessives
31. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Semiconservative
Mutagenic Agents
Frameshift Mutation
32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lytic Cycle
Lagging Strand
Missense Mutation
Plasmids
33. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Alleles
Nonsense Mutation
Missense Mutation
Virulent
34. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Alleles
RNA
Chromosomes
Genotype
35. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Pyrimidines
Silent Mutation
Mutable
Binary fission
36. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Polypeptide Synthesis
DNA Replication
Antibody resistance
Elongation
37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Dominant Allele
Transcription
Leading Strand
Silent Mutation
38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
P-site
Elongation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Bacterial Genome
39. Cell burst
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Genetic Code
Synonyms
Lyse
40. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lysogenic Cycle
Dominant Allele
Okazaki fragments
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
41. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Nondisjunction
Monocistronic
Transcription
Regulator Gene
42. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Promoter gene
Mutations
P-site
Incomplete Dominance
43. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Plasmids
Alleles
Operon
44. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Genetics
Transcription
Regulator Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
45. Genetic makeup of an individual
Alleles
Frameshift Mutation
Environmental Factors
Genotype
46. Progeny generations
Incomplete Dominance
Filial (F generations)
Bacterial Genome
Genetics
47. Basic unit of heredity
Messenger mRNA
Bacteriophage
Gene
Complementary Base-Pairing
48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Point Mutation
Autosomes
Genetics
Ribosomes
49. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Backcross
Codominance
DNA Replication
Crosses
50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Complementary Base-Pairing
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Codons