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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lysogenic Cycle
Point Mutation
A-site
2. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
DNA Replication
Leading Strand
Peptide Bond
Mutagenic Agents
3. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Recessive Allele
Codons
Regulator Gene
Anticodon
4. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Pyrimidines
Drosophila Melanogaster
5. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Incomplete Dominance
Genetics
Plasmids
Transcription
6. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Lysogenic Cycle
tRNA Job
Transformation
Operator Gene
7. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Parental (P Generation)
Binary fission
Autosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
8. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Polyribosome
Sex Linked Recessives
Messenger mRNA
Codons
9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Translation
Repressible Systems
Drosophila Melanogaster
Inducer-Repressor Complex
10. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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11. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Termination Codons
Lytic Cycle
Start Codon
12. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Chromosomal Breakage
Dihybrid Cross
Bacterial Genome
Promoter gene
13. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Autosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Environmental Factors
14. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Transduction
DNA Replication
Transcription
15. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Leading Strand
Mendelian Genetics
Mutagenic Agents
Genotype
16. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Environmental Factors
DNA Replication
Homozygous
Polyribosome
17. Chromosome fragment
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genetic Code
Plasmid
18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Frameshift Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Start Codon
Monohybrid Cross
19. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Autosomes
Peptide Bond
Mutations
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
20. Cytosine and thymine
Monohybrid Cross
Pyrimidines
Crosses
Varions
21. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Codominance
Polypeptide Synthesis
Heterozygous
22. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Heredity
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Homozygous
Double-Stranded Helix
23. Progeny generations
Heredity
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Filial (F generations)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
24. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Varions
Missense Mutation
Point Mutation
Lagging Strand
25. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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26. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Codominance
Synonyms
Anticodon
Incomplete Dominance
27. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Recessive Allele
Phenotype
Missense Mutation
28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Transduction
Conjugation
Genotype
29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Drosophila Melanogaster
Triplet Code
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Double-Stranded Helix
30. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Transduction
Mendel's Law of Dominance
RNA
Silent Mutation
31. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Mutations
Plasmids
RNA
Promoter gene
32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Conjugation
Alleles
Nondisjunction
Parental (P Generation)
33. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
tRNA Job
Incomplete Dominance
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transcription
34. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Virulent
Transcription
Heredity
35. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Nucleotide
RNA
Translation
36. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
P-site
Autosomes
Environmental Factors
Transduction
37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Bacteriophage
Varions
Monohybrid Cross
DNA Replication
38. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Point Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Messenger mRNA
Crosses
39. New codon may be a stop codon
Monohybrid Cross
Nonsense Mutation
Nondisjunction
Alleles
40. Location of genes on DNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Operon
Operator Gene
Chromosomes
41. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Virulent
Translocation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Peptide Bond
42. Adenine and guanine
Missense Mutation
Purines
Regulator Gene
Mutable
43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Point Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Genetics
Purines
44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Antibody resistance
Punnet Square Diagram
Synonyms
A-site
45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Triplet Code
Recessive Allele
Alleles
Incomplete Dominance
46. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Peptide Bond
Bacterial Replication
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Elongation
47. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Peptide Bond
Termination Codons
48. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Translation
Phenotype
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
P-site
49. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Crosses
Start Codon
Purines
Testcross
50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
tRNA Job
Lytic Cycle
Autosomes