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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






2. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






3. New codon may code for a different amino acid






4. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






5. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






6. Progeny generations






7. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






8. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


9. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






10. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






11. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






12. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






13. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






14. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






15. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






16. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






17. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






18. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






19. Individuals being crossed






20. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






21. Genetic makeup of an individual






22. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






24. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






25. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






26. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






27. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






28. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






31. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


32. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






33. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






36. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






37. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






38. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






39. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






40. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






41. Short segments from lagging strand






42. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






44. Cytosine and thymine






45. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






46. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






47. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






48. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






49. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






50. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e