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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Operator Gene
Lagging Strand
Polypeptide Synthesis
Conjugation
2. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Codons
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Crosses
Sex Linked
3. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Bacterial Genome
Filial (F generations)
Triplet Code
Nondisjunction
4. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
DNA Replication
Codominance
Mutagenic Agents
Drosophila Melanogaster
5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Ribosomes
Punnet Square Diagram
Mutations
6. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Messenger mRNA
Heredity
Promoter gene
Recombination
7. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Nondisjunction
Complementary Base-Pairing
Incomplete Dominance
Sex Linked
8. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Okazaki fragments
Parental (P Generation)
Point Mutation
Semiconservative
9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Genetic Code
Recombination
Environmental Factors
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
10. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Point Mutation
Genotype
Environmental Factors
Complementary Base-Pairing
11. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Regulator Gene
Anticodon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
12. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Binary fission
Lyse
Bacterial Genome
Incomplete Dominance
13. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Sex Linked Recessives
Transcription
Anticodon
Conjugation
14. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Silent Mutation
Missense Mutation
Dominant Allele
Alleles
15. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
tRNA Job
Binary fission
Nucleotide
16. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Monohybrid Cross
Pyrimidines
Testcross
17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Frameshift Mutation
Point Mutation
Transformation
Gene Mutation
18. Consists of structural genes
Filial (F generations)
Operon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Dominant Allele
19. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Punnet Square Diagram
Inducible Systems
20. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Heterozygous
Bacteriophage
Binary fission
Triplet Code
21. Where protein synthesis occurs
Punnet Square Diagram
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Inducer-Repressor Complex
22. Short segments from lagging strand
Leading Strand
Heterozygous
Okazaki fragments
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
23. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Episomes
Virulent
Leading Strand
Mendelian Genetics
24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Autosomes
Start Codon
Purines
Transduction
25. Cell burst
Frameshift Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Lyse
Operator Gene
26. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Complementary Base-Pairing
Monohybrid Cross
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Codons
27. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Double-Stranded Helix
Frameshift Mutation
Recombination
28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Inducible Systems
Transcription
Homozygous
Episomes
29. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Autosomes
Binary fission
Inducible Systems
Translocation
30. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Synonyms
Dominant Allele
Bacterial Replication
Messenger mRNA
31. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Codons
Alleles
Dominant Allele
Dihybrid Cross
32. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Parental (P Generation)
Mutations
Transduction
Purines
33. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Sex Linked Recessives
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Monocistronic
34. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Leading Strand
Genotype
35. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Dihybrid Cross
Leading Strand
Ribosomes
Nucleotide
36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Anticodon
Operon
Mendelian Genetics
37. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Genetics
Incomplete Dominance
Silent Mutation
A-site
38. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Backcross
Mutations
Monocistronic
P-site
39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Dominant Allele
Transcription
Genetic Code
Messenger mRNA
40. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Promoter gene
Plasmid
Anticodon
Conjugation
41. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Inducible Systems
Translation
Termination Codons
Chromosomal Breakage
42. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Mutagenic Agents
Start Codon
Codons
Lagging Strand
43. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Transcription
Operator Gene
DNA
Bacterial Replication
44. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Binary fission
Varions
Recombination
Start Codon
45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Mutations
Nucleotide
Ribosomes
46. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Triplet Code
Nondisjunction
Antibody resistance
Pyrimidines
47. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Messenger mRNA
Nondisjunction
Monohybrid Cross
48. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Sex Linked Recessives
Repressible Systems
Missense Mutation
Mutable
49. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Polypeptide Synthesis
Genetics
50. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Peptide Bond