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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






2. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






3. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






4. Consists of structural genes






5. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






6. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






7. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






8. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






11. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






12. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






13. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. New codon may be a stop codon






16. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






17. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






18. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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19. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






20. New codon may code for the same amino acid






21. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






23. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






24. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






25. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






26. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






27. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






28. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






29. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






30. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






31. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






32. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






33. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






34. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






36. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






37. New codon may code for a different amino acid






38. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






39. Individuals being crossed






40. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






41. Chromosome fragment






42. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






43. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






44. Genetic makeup of an individual






45. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






46. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






47. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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48. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






49. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






50. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines