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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromosome fragment






2. Consists of structural genes






3. Basic unit of heredity






4. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






5. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






7. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






8. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






9. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






10. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






11. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






12. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






13. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






14. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






15. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






16. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






17. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






18. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






19. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






21. Occurs when linked genes are separated






22. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






24. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






25. Individuals being crossed






26. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






27. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






28. Short segments from lagging strand






29. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






30. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






31. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






32. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






33. Organisms that carry two different alleles






34. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






35. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






36. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






37. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






38. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






39. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






40. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






41. Where protein synthesis occurs






42. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






43. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






44. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






45. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






46. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






48. Cell burst






49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






50. New codon may code for a different amino acid







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