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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Peptide Bond
Silent Mutation
A-site
Missense Mutation
2. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Alleles
Dominant Allele
Triplet Code
P-site
3. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Operator Gene
Binary fission
Backcross
Transformation
4. New codon may be a stop codon
Dihybrid Cross
Bacterial Genome
Polyribosome
Nonsense Mutation
5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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6. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
DNA Replication
Lagging Strand
Point Mutation
7. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
A-site
Transduction
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Parental (P Generation)
Environmental Factors
P-site
9. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Codons
Gene Mutation
Transcription
Plasmid
10. Where protein synthesis occurs
Bacterial Replication
Bacteriophage
Ribosomes
Start Codon
11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
A-site
Codons
Mutagenic Agents
12. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Recombination
Start Codon
Bacterial Replication
13. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Recombination
Virulent
P-site
14. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
tRNA Job
Translation
Alleles
Inducible Systems
15. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Point Mutation
Peptide Bond
Operon
16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Peptide Bond
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Recessive Allele
Ribosomes
17. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Heredity
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Regulator Gene
18. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Incomplete Dominance
Bacteriophage
Frameshift Mutation
Missense Mutation
19. Basic unit of heredity
Homozygous
Mutations
Nucleotide
Gene
20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Transformation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Okazaki fragments
21. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Plasmid
Heredity
Polypeptide Synthesis
22. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Pyrimidines
Polyribosome
23. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Messenger mRNA
Mutagenic Agents
Missense Mutation
24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Incomplete Dominance
Crosses
Heredity
Parental (P Generation)
25. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Recessive Allele
Nondisjunction
26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Plasmids
Double-Stranded Helix
Semiconservative
Crosses
27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Transformation
Genotype
Synonyms
28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Mutations
Pyrimidines
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Leading Strand
29. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Semiconservative
Lysogenic Cycle
Chromosomal Breakage
Episomes
30. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Elongation
Point Mutation
Promoter gene
Bacterial Replication
31. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacterial Replication
Anticodon
Environmental Factors
32. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Lysogenic Cycle
Virulent
Parental (P Generation)
RNA
33. Consists of structural genes
Semiconservative
Operon
Nucleotide
Pyrimidines
34. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Homozygous
Dihybrid Cross
Elongation
35. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Monohybrid Cross
Homozygous
Punnet Square Diagram
Repressible Systems
36. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Operator Gene
Punnet Square Diagram
Mendelian Genetics
Missense Mutation
37. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Codons
Start Codon
38. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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39. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Mutations
Ribosomes
Silent Mutation
40. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Polyribosome
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Okazaki fragments
41. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Bacteriophage
Messenger mRNA
Transformation
Operator Gene
42. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Recombination
Lyse
Regulator Gene
Genetic Code
43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Leading Strand
Codons
Phenotype
Codominance
44. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Transcription
Heredity
Monocistronic
Lytic Cycle
45. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Incomplete Dominance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Messenger mRNA
Okazaki fragments
46. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Frameshift Mutation
Repressible Systems
Plasmids
47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Drosophila Melanogaster
A-site
Repressible Systems
Translocation
48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Episomes
Incomplete Dominance
Sex Linked
Alleles
49. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Inducible Systems
DNA Replication
Operator Gene
Mutagenic Agents
50. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Okazaki fragments
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Lysogenic Cycle
Autosomes
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