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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






2. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






3. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






4. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






8. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






10. Initiation - elongation - and termination






11. Location of genes on DNA






12. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






13. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






15. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






16. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






17. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






18. Cytosine and thymine






19. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






20. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






21. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






22. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






25. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






26. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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27. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






29. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






30. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






31. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






32. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






33. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






34. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






35. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






36. New codon may be a stop codon






37. Basic unit of heredity






38. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






39. Consists of structural genes






40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






41. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






42. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






43. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






45. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






46. Progeny generations






47. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






48. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






49. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






50. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell