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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






2. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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3. Cell burst






4. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






5. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






6. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






7. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






8. Cytosine and thymine






9. Consists of structural genes






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. Genetic makeup of an individual






12. Progeny generations






13. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






14. Adenine and guanine






15. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






16. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






17. Short segments from lagging strand






18. Initiation - elongation - and termination






19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






21. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






22. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






23. Occurs when linked genes are separated






24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






25. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






26. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






27. Location of genes on DNA






28. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






29. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






31. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






32. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






33. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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34. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






36. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






37. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






38. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






40. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






41. Chromosome fragment






42. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






43. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






44. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






45. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






46. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






47. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






49. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






50. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors