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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for a different amino acid






2. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






3. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






4. New codon may be a stop codon






5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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6. Individuals being crossed






7. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






9. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






10. Where protein synthesis occurs






11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






12. Short segments from lagging strand






13. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






14. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






15. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






18. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






19. Basic unit of heredity






20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






21. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






22. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






23. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






25. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






29. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






30. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






31. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






32. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






33. Consists of structural genes






34. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






35. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






36. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






37. Occurs when linked genes are separated






38. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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39. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






40. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






41. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






42. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






44. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






45. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






49. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






50. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species







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