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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






2. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






3. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






4. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






5. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






6. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






7. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






8. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






9. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






10. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






11. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






12. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






13. New codon may be a stop codon






14. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






15. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






16. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






17. Consists of structural genes






18. Genetic makeup of an individual






19. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






20. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






21. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






22. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






24. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






25. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






26. New codon may code for the same amino acid






27. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






28. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






29. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






31. Progeny generations






32. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






33. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






34. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






35. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






36. Basic unit of heredity






37. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






38. Short segments from lagging strand






39. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






40. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






41. Cytosine and thymine






42. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






43. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






45. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






46. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






47. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






48. Where protein synthesis occurs






49. Organisms that carry two different alleles






50. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis