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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






2. Location of genes on DNA






3. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






5. Individuals being crossed






6. Initiation - elongation - and termination






7. Where protein synthesis occurs






8. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






9. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






11. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






15. Occurs when linked genes are separated






16. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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17. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






20. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






21. Basic unit of heredity






22. Consists of structural genes






23. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






24. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






26. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






27. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






28. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






29. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






30. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






31. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






32. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






33. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






34. Adenine and guanine






35. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






36. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






37. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






38. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






39. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






40. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






41. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






42. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






43. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






44. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






45. Short segments from lagging strand






46. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






48. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






49. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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50. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor