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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Missense Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
Okazaki fragments
Elongation
2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Monocistronic
Transformation
Messenger mRNA
Recombination
3. Basic unit of heredity
Repressible Systems
Gene
A-site
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
4. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Mutagenic Agents
Semiconservative
Translocation
5. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Purines
Leading Strand
Semiconservative
6. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Plasmid
Regulator Gene
Ribosomes
Peptide Bond
7. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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8. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
RNA
Monohybrid Cross
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
9. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Bacterial Genome
Backcross
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Plasmid
10. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Anticodon
Crosses
Lyse
Polypeptide Synthesis
11. New codon may be a stop codon
Phenotype
Nonsense Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
Pyrimidines
12. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Recessive Allele
Transformation
Incomplete Dominance
Frameshift Mutation
13. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Polyribosome
Parental (P Generation)
Leading Strand
14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Virulent
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Missense Mutation
Binary fission
15. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Silent Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
tRNA Job
Incomplete Dominance
16. Consists of structural genes
Autosomes
Operon
Episomes
Codons
17. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Chromosomes
Plasmid
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Heredity
18. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Mutable
Silent Mutation
Purines
19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
Filial (F generations)
Dihybrid Cross
Plasmid
20. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Heredity
Chromosomal Breakage
Dihybrid Cross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Testcross
Heredity
Nucleotide
Varions
22. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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23. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Missense Mutation
Termination Codons
Polypeptide Synthesis
24. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Chromosomal Breakage
Episomes
Phenotype
25. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Alleles
Backcross
Sex Linked
26. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Semiconservative
Inducible Systems
Messenger mRNA
DNA Replication
27. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Chromosomes
Point Mutation
Transcription
Transduction
28. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Start Codon
Pyrimidines
Monohybrid Cross
Bacterial Genome
29. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacterial Replication
Translocation
30. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Inducible Systems
Translation
Heredity
Mendel's Law of Dominance
31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Operator Gene
Dihybrid Cross
Repressible Systems
Inducible Systems
32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Monocistronic
Punnet Square Diagram
Gene Mutation
Genotype
33. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Monohybrid Cross
Nondisjunction
A-site
Operon
34. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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35. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Drosophila Melanogaster
DNA
Phenotype
Dihybrid Cross
36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Semiconservative
Heterozygous
Mutations
Recombination
37. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
tRNA Job
Nonsense Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Point Mutation
38. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Lytic Cycle
RNA
Sex Linked Recessives
Homozygous
39. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lysogenic Cycle
Codominance
Recessive Allele
Double-Stranded Helix
40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Ribosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Alleles
Mutable
41. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Missense Mutation
Anticodon
Transduction
Complementary Base-Pairing
42. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
tRNA Job
Punnet Square Diagram
Peptide Bond
43. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Heredity
Pyrimidines
Virulent
Dihybrid Cross
44. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Dihybrid Cross
Episomes
Bacterial Genome
45. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Plasmid
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
P-site
46. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Transcription
Bacteriophage
Synonyms
47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Punnet Square Diagram
Incomplete Dominance
Bacterial Genome
Codons
48. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Nonsense Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Drosophila Melanogaster
49. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Plasmid
Punnet Square Diagram
Frameshift Mutation
Codominance
50. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Mutations
Missense Mutation
Polyribosome
Virulent