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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. Individuals being crossed






3. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






4. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






7. New codon may code for the same amino acid






8. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






9. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






12. Genetic makeup of an individual






13. Occurs when linked genes are separated






14. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






17. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






18. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






19. Cell burst






20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






21. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






22. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






23. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






24. Location of genes on DNA






25. New codon may be a stop codon






26. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






28. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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29. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






30. Short segments from lagging strand






31. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






32. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






33. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






35. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






36. Chromosome fragment






37. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






39. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






40. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






42. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






44. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






46. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






47. Adenine and guanine






48. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






49. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes