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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of structural genes
Crosses
Operon
Genotype
Alleles
2. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Operon
Okazaki fragments
Anticodon
3. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Ribosomes
Environmental Factors
Genetic Code
Missense Mutation
4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Promoter gene
Transcription
Regulator Gene
Translocation
5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Lyse
Incomplete Dominance
Operator Gene
Transcription
6. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Semiconservative
Genetics
DNA Replication
Point Mutation
7. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Lagging Strand
Monohybrid Cross
Mutable
Plasmids
8. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Anticodon
Dominant Allele
Incomplete Dominance
A-site
9. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Incomplete Dominance
Promoter gene
Crosses
10. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Autosomes
Binary fission
Translation
Homozygous
11. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Crosses
Punnet Square Diagram
Genetics
12. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Regulator Gene
Bacterial Genome
tRNA Job
Lytic Cycle
13. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Mutagenic Agents
Binary fission
14. Cytosine and thymine
Ribosomes
Pyrimidines
Filial (F generations)
Lagging Strand
15. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Promoter gene
Lytic Cycle
Genetic Code
16. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Double-Stranded Helix
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mutations
Sex Linked
17. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Synonyms
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Start Codon
Punnet Square Diagram
18. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
tRNA Job
Ribosomes
Heterozygous
Bacterial Genome
19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Messenger mRNA
Transduction
Incomplete Dominance
Drosophila Melanogaster
20. Genetic makeup of an individual
Alleles
Ribosomes
Monohybrid Cross
Genotype
21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Transduction
P-site
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Filial (F generations)
22. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Leading Strand
Nondisjunction
Repressible Systems
23. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Sex Linked
Triplet Code
Varions
Nondisjunction
24. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Transduction
Genetic Code
Monohybrid Cross
Incomplete Dominance
25. Cell burst
DNA Replication
Nucleotide
Virulent
Lyse
26. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Codons
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mendelian Genetics
27. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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28. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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29. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Heterozygous
Genetic Code
Monohybrid Cross
30. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Bacterial Replication
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Virulent
31. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Sex Linked
Mutable
Polypeptide Synthesis
Sex Linked Recessives
32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Mendelian Genetics
Transcription
Gene Mutation
Conjugation
33. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Operon
Sex Linked Recessives
Termination Codons
Complementary Base-Pairing
34. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Inducible Systems
Polyribosome
Mendelian Genetics
Chromosomal Breakage
35. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Conjugation
Point Mutation
Translocation
36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mutations
Nondisjunction
Purines
37. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Chromosomes
Bacterial Replication
Messenger mRNA
Codons
38. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Ribosomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
Bacterial Genome
Homozygous
39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Operon
Plasmids
Transcription
Antibody resistance
40. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Virulent
Ribosomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
41. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Point Mutation
Episomes
Plasmid
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
42. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Transcription
Monohybrid Cross
Silent Mutation
43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Double-Stranded Helix
Codominance
Homozygous
Chromosomal Breakage
44. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Ribosomes
P-site
Peptide Bond
Termination Codons
45. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Plasmids
Conjugation
Mutable
Nucleotide
46. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Plasmids
tRNA Job
Okazaki fragments
Messenger mRNA
47. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Recessive Allele
Triplet Code
Transformation
48. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Bacterial Genome
Translocation
Mutations
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
49. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Monocistronic
Genetic Code
Regulator Gene
50. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Chromosomal Breakage
Lytic Cycle
Mutagenic Agents
Mutable