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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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2. Genetic makeup of an individual






3. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






4. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






5. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






6. Initiation - elongation - and termination






7. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






8. Cytosine and thymine






9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






10. New codon may be a stop codon






11. Where protein synthesis occurs






12. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






13. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






14. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






15. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






16. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






17. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






18. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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19. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






20. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






21. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






22. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






23. New codon may code for a different amino acid






24. Location of genes on DNA






25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






26. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






27. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






30. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






31. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






32. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






33. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






34. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






35. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






36. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






37. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






38. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






39. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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40. Progeny generations






41. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






42. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






43. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






44. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






45. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






46. Short segments from lagging strand






47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






48. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






49. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






50. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription