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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






3. Initiation - elongation - and termination






4. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






5. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






6. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






7. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






8. Where protein synthesis occurs






9. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






10. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






11. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






12. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






13. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






14. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






16. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. New codon may code for the same amino acid






18. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






23. Individuals being crossed






24. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






25. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






26. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






27. Genetic makeup of an individual






28. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






29. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






32. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






33. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






34. Organisms that carry two different alleles






35. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






36. Location of genes on DNA






37. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






38. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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39. Chromosome fragment






40. Short segments from lagging strand






41. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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42. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






43. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






44. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






46. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






47. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






49. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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50. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic