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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






2. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






4. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






5. Adenine and guanine






6. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






7. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






8. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






9. Where protein synthesis occurs






10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






11. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






12. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






13. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






16. Organisms that carry two different alleles






17. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






18. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






19. Consists of structural genes






20. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






21. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






22. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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23. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






24. Short segments from lagging strand






25. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






26. Basic unit of heredity






27. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






28. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






29. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






30. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






31. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






33. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






34. New codon may code for the same amino acid






35. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






36. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






37. Occurs when linked genes are separated






38. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






39. New codon may code for a different amino acid






40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






41. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






42. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






43. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






44. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






45. Initiation - elongation - and termination






46. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






47. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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48. Cytosine and thymine






49. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






50. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele