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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






2. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






3. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






4. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






5. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






6. Cell burst






7. Adenine and guanine






8. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






9. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






10. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






12. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






13. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






14. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






15. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






16. Occurs when linked genes are separated






17. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






18. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






19. New codon may code for the same amino acid






20. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






23. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






24. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






25. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






26. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






27. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






28. Initiation - elongation - and termination






29. Cytosine and thymine






30. Individuals being crossed






31. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






32. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






34. Where protein synthesis occurs






35. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






36. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






37. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






39. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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40. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






41. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






42. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






43. Chromosome fragment






44. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






45. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






48. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






49. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness