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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Termination Codons
Mutable
Lyse
Translation
2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Heterozygous
Filial (F generations)
Promoter gene
Episomes
3. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Start Codon
Alleles
Autosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
4. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
A-site
Chromosomal Breakage
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Lysogenic Cycle
5. Individuals being crossed
Mutagenic Agents
Parental (P Generation)
Elongation
DNA Replication
6. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Crosses
Chromosomes
Episomes
Missense Mutation
7. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Genotype
Leading Strand
Phenotype
Genetic Code
8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Chromosomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
DNA Replication
9. Location of genes on DNA
Nucleotide
Phenotype
Crosses
Chromosomes
10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Codons
Bacteriophage
Polyribosome
Operator Gene
11. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Codominance
Recombination
Gene Mutation
Bacteriophage
12. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Bacterial Replication
Missense Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Plasmids
13. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Complementary Base-Pairing
Virulent
Parental (P Generation)
Ribosomes
14. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Antibody resistance
Conjugation
Dominant Allele
Start Codon
15. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Ribosomes
Missense Mutation
P-site
16. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mutable
Heterozygous
17. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Polypeptide Synthesis
A-site
Binary fission
Messenger mRNA
18. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Peptide Bond
Silent Mutation
Antibody resistance
Lyse
19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Synonyms
Inducible Systems
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
20. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Gene Mutation
Messenger mRNA
Genotype
Purines
21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Messenger mRNA
Double-Stranded Helix
Leading Strand
22. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Varions
Transcription
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Virulent
Monohybrid Cross
Varions
Gene Mutation
24. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
DNA
Leading Strand
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Nonsense Mutation
25. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Dominant Allele
Dihybrid Cross
Leading Strand
26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Genetic Code
Gene
Monocistronic
Homozygous
27. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Genetic Code
Homozygous
Ribosomes
28. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Sex Linked
Operon
Complementary Base-Pairing
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
29. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Synonyms
RNA
Operon
Chromosomal Breakage
30. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Mutations
Transduction
Lysogenic Cycle
Anticodon
31. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Mutagenic Agents
Complementary Base-Pairing
Okazaki fragments
Recombination
32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
P-site
Inducible Systems
Heterozygous
Incomplete Dominance
33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Genetic Code
Filial (F generations)
Crosses
Genotype
34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Drosophila Melanogaster
Point Mutation
Recombination
Filial (F generations)
35. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Synonyms
Frameshift Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
Conjugation
36. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Mendelian Genetics
Virulent
Autosomes
37. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Mutagenic Agents
Environmental Factors
Mutations
38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Filial (F generations)
Missense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
39. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Okazaki fragments
Sex Linked Recessives
Homozygous
Dihybrid Cross
40. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Semiconservative
Alleles
Heterozygous
Genetics
41. Where protein synthesis occurs
Elongation
Ribosomes
Dominant Allele
Sex Linked
42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Nonsense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Transcription
43. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Antibody resistance
Ribosomes
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
44. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Missense Mutation
Recombination
Nonsense Mutation
Ribosomes
45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Drosophila Melanogaster
Repressible Systems
Lytic Cycle
Complementary Base-Pairing
46. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Polyribosome
DNA Replication
Semiconservative
Polypeptide Synthesis
47. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Lagging Strand
Virulent
P-site
48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Bacteriophage
Anticodon
Alleles
49. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Operon
Ribosomes
Environmental Factors
Transformation
50. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Translation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mutagenic Agents