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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






2. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






4. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






5. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






6. Adenine and guanine






7. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






8. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






9. New codon may be a stop codon






10. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






11. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






12. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






13. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






14. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






15. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






16. Organisms that carry two different alleles






17. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






19. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






20. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






22. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






23. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






24. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






25. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






26. Location of genes on DNA






27. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






28. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






29. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






31. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






34. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






35. New codon may code for the same amino acid






36. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. Cell burst






40. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






41. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






42. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






43. New codon may code for a different amino acid






44. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






45. Genetic makeup of an individual






46. Progeny generations






47. Basic unit of heredity






48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






49. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)