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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of structural genes






2. Individuals being crossed






3. New codon may code for a different amino acid






4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






6. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






7. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






8. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






9. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






10. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






11. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






12. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






13. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






14. Cytosine and thymine






15. Basic unit of heredity






16. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






17. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






18. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. Genetic makeup of an individual






21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






22. Where protein synthesis occurs






23. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






24. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






25. Cell burst






26. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






27. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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28. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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29. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






30. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






31. Initiation - elongation - and termination






32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






33. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






34. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






35. Adenine and guanine






36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






37. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






38. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






40. Short segments from lagging strand






41. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






42. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






44. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






45. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






46. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






47. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






48. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






49. New codon may code for the same amino acid






50. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity