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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






2. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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3. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






6. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






7. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






8. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






10. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






12. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






13. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






15. Cell burst






16. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






17. New codon may code for a different amino acid






18. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






19. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






20. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






21. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






24. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






25. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






26. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






28. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






30. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






31. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






32. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






33. Basic unit of heredity






34. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






35. New codon may code for the same amino acid






36. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






37. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






38. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






39. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






40. Chromosome fragment






41. Occurs when linked genes are separated






42. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






43. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






44. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






45. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






46. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






50. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny