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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Alleles
Phenotype
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
2. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Codons
Filial (F generations)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
3. New codon may be a stop codon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Incomplete Dominance
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
4. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Parental (P Generation)
Homozygous
Ribosomes
Conjugation
5. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Dominant Allele
Genetics
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Parental (P Generation)
6. Genetic makeup of an individual
Complementary Base-Pairing
Inducible Systems
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Genotype
7. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Okazaki fragments
Missense Mutation
Heterozygous
Drosophila Melanogaster
8. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Incomplete Dominance
Regulator Gene
Messenger mRNA
RNA
9. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Incomplete Dominance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Anticodon
Chromosomal Breakage
10. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Mutagenic Agents
DNA
Alleles
Missense Mutation
11. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Peptide Bond
Monocistronic
Triplet Code
Messenger mRNA
12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Heredity
Ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Leading Strand
13. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Virulent
Mutable
Elongation
Plasmid
14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Plasmids
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Double-Stranded Helix
15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Missense Mutation
Monohybrid Cross
P-site
16. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Genetics
DNA
Polyribosome
A-site
17. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
DNA
Filial (F generations)
Genetics
Lagging Strand
18. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Codons
Binary fission
Transcription
Bacterial Genome
19. Cytosine and thymine
Testcross
Missense Mutation
Pyrimidines
Bacterial Replication
20. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Inducible Systems
Crosses
Chromosomes
Translocation
21. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Dihybrid Cross
Genetic Code
Virulent
22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Translocation
Recessive Allele
Chromosomes
23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Operon
Chromosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Point Mutation
24. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Silent Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Triplet Code
25. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Autosomes
Phenotype
Filial (F generations)
Lagging Strand
26. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Transcription
Lytic Cycle
Ribosomes
Virulent
27. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Missense Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Incomplete Dominance
28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Lyse
Conjugation
Codominance
Leading Strand
29. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Regulator Gene
Codominance
DNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
30. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Ribosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Complementary Base-Pairing
Regulator Gene
31. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Conjugation
Homozygous
Regulator Gene
Translation
32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Mendelian Genetics
Testcross
Lytic Cycle
DNA
33. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Parental (P Generation)
Lytic Cycle
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Bacteriophage
34. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Backcross
Heterozygous
Complementary Base-Pairing
Nonsense Mutation
35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polypeptide Synthesis
Polyribosome
Conjugation
Dominant Allele
36. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Testcross
Okazaki fragments
Sex Linked Recessives
Ribosomes
37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Inducible Systems
Nondisjunction
Codons
Transcription
38. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Transformation
Codons
Dominant Allele
Monocistronic
39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
tRNA Job
Recombination
Episomes
Lytic Cycle
40. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Parental (P Generation)
Heredity
Transcription
Elongation
41. Basic unit of heredity
Filial (F generations)
Antibody resistance
Gene
Peptide Bond
42. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Lagging Strand
Monohybrid Cross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Peptide Bond
43. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polypeptide Synthesis
Drosophila Melanogaster
Heredity
44. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Double-Stranded Helix
Pyrimidines
Regulator Gene
Transcription
45. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Peptide Bond
Sex Linked Recessives
tRNA Job
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
46. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Missense Mutation
Lysogenic Cycle
Peptide Bond
Sex Linked
47. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Punnet Square Diagram
Elongation
P-site
Operator Gene
48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Heterozygous
Point Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
49. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Bacterial Genome
Elongation
Testcross
50. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Homozygous
Repressible Systems
Double-Stranded Helix
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