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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Bacterial Genome
Point Mutation
Anticodon
Polyribosome
2. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Episomes
Promoter gene
Recombination
3. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Polypeptide Synthesis
Repressible Systems
Incomplete Dominance
Episomes
4. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Parental (P Generation)
DNA Replication
Lagging Strand
Mutagenic Agents
5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Point Mutation
DNA Replication
Crosses
Missense Mutation
6. Consists of structural genes
P-site
Operon
Conjugation
Chromosomal Breakage
7. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Elongation
Ribosomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Binary fission
9. Progeny generations
Double-Stranded Helix
Filial (F generations)
Sex Linked
Monohybrid Cross
10. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Regulator Gene
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
RNA
11. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Mutable
Bacteriophage
Punnet Square Diagram
Virulent
12. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Regulator Gene
Plasmid
Phenotype
Recessive Allele
13. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Polypeptide Synthesis
Lyse
Drosophila Melanogaster
Purines
14. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
RNA
Translation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Promoter gene
15. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Binary fission
Pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Varions
16. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Episomes
Codominance
Lysogenic Cycle
Monohybrid Cross
17. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Lagging Strand
Parental (P Generation)
Purines
Mutagenic Agents
18. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Missense Mutation
Lagging Strand
Bacterial Replication
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
19. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
DNA Replication
Anticodon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lagging Strand
20. Short segments from lagging strand
Promoter gene
Okazaki fragments
Virulent
Monocistronic
21. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Codominance
Nonsense Mutation
Gene Mutation
Genetic Code
22. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Promoter gene
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Heredity
Mutations
23. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Inducer-Repressor Complex
RNA
Recessive Allele
Operon
24. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Recessive Allele
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendelian Genetics
Inducer-Repressor Complex
25. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Binary fission
Sex Linked
Double-Stranded Helix
Messenger mRNA
26. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Leading Strand
Ribosomes
Messenger mRNA
27. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Gene Mutation
Heterozygous
Antibody resistance
28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Gene
Silent Mutation
Lyse
29. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Chromosomes
Okazaki fragments
Transcription
DNA
30. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Gene Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Messenger mRNA
31. Individuals being crossed
Codominance
Heterozygous
Parental (P Generation)
Phenotype
32. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
RNA
Testcross
33. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Dominant Allele
Promoter gene
Punnet Square Diagram
34. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Sex Linked
Regulator Gene
Punnet Square Diagram
Translocation
35. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Nucleotide
Promoter gene
Mendel's Law of Dominance
36. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Monohybrid Cross
Ribosomes
Transcription
Sex Linked Recessives
37. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Monocistronic
Polyribosome
Transcription
38. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Promoter gene
Operator Gene
Mendelian Genetics
Polypeptide Synthesis
39. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Homozygous
Bacteriophage
Heredity
Sex Linked Recessives
40. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Bacteriophage
Plasmid
Environmental Factors
Polyribosome
41. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Testcross
Genetics
Genotype
Gene Mutation
42. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Dominant Allele
Inducible Systems
Phenotype
Codons
43. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked Recessives
Semiconservative
44. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
P-site
Elongation
Chromosomes
45. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Mutations
Bacterial Genome
Point Mutation
DNA Replication
46. New codon may be a stop codon
Polyribosome
Nonsense Mutation
Episomes
Double-Stranded Helix
47. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Transformation
Mendelian Genetics
Nonsense Mutation
Messenger mRNA
48. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Regulator Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
Polyribosome
49. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Anticodon
Pyrimidines
Codons
50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Leading Strand
Transduction
Recessive Allele
Termination Codons