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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






2. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






3. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






4. Organisms that carry two different alleles






5. Cytosine and thymine






6. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






7. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






8. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






9. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






10. Genetic makeup of an individual






11. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






12. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






13. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






14. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






15. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






16. Occurs when linked genes are separated






17. New codon may code for the same amino acid






18. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






19. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






20. Individuals being crossed






21. Consists of structural genes






22. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






25. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






26. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






27. New codon may be a stop codon






28. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






30. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






31. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






33. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






36. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






37. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






38. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






39. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






40. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






41. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






42. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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43. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






44. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






45. Basic unit of heredity






46. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






47. Location of genes on DNA






48. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






49. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






50. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X