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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






6. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






7. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






10. Occurs when linked genes are separated






11. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






12. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






13. Where protein synthesis occurs






14. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






15. Initiation - elongation - and termination






16. Genetic makeup of an individual






17. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






18. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






19. Individuals being crossed






20. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






21. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






22. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






23. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






24. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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25. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






27. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






28. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






29. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






30. New codon may code for a different amino acid






31. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






32. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






33. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






34. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






35. Cell burst






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






39. New codon may be a stop codon






40. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






42. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






43. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






45. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






46. Adenine and guanine






47. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






49. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






50. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form