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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Leading Strand
Complementary Base-Pairing
Homozygous
Polypeptide Synthesis
2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Transcription
Termination Codons
Anticodon
3. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
tRNA Job
Semiconservative
Testcross
Double-Stranded Helix
4. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Homozygous
Monocistronic
Elongation
5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
tRNA Job
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
DNA Replication
6. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Translation
Bacteriophage
Okazaki fragments
7. New codon may be a stop codon
Genetic Code
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Frameshift Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
8. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Ribosomes
DNA
Elongation
Gene
9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Codominance
Operator Gene
Incomplete Dominance
Heterozygous
10. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Ribosomes
Binary fission
Drosophila Melanogaster
Repressible Systems
11. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Episomes
P-site
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Mutable
12. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
A-site
Gene
Plasmids
Homozygous
13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Mendelian Genetics
Complementary Base-Pairing
Heredity
Mutations
14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Synonyms
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Virulent
15. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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16. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Regulator Gene
Inducible Systems
Promoter gene
Peptide Bond
17. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nondisjunction
Lagging Strand
Triplet Code
18. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Genetics
Chromosomal Breakage
Conjugation
19. Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Drosophila Melanogaster
Recombination
Synonyms
20. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutations
21. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lyse
Codominance
22. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Plasmid
Transcription
Monohybrid Cross
Conjugation
23. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Point Mutation
Promoter gene
Dominant Allele
24. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Purines
Inducible Systems
Recessive Allele
25. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Transformation
Heterozygous
Mutagenic Agents
Genotype
26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Bacterial Genome
Frameshift Mutation
Mutations
Codons
27. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Transcription
Transduction
Backcross
Dominant Allele
28. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Synonyms
Translation
Bacterial Replication
29. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Chromosomes
Filial (F generations)
Nonsense Mutation
Regulator Gene
30. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transduction
Incomplete Dominance
Elongation
31. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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32. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Purines
Plasmid
Recessive Allele
Punnet Square Diagram
33. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Dominant Allele
Plasmid
Promoter gene
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
34. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Recombination
Lagging Strand
Antibody resistance
35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Pyrimidines
Gene Mutation
Bacterial Genome
Polyribosome
36. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transformation
Start Codon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
37. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Transformation
Point Mutation
Autosomes
Codominance
38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Virulent
Silent Mutation
Recessive Allele
39. Where protein synthesis occurs
Termination Codons
Autosomes
RNA
Ribosomes
40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Testcross
Varions
Messenger mRNA
Heterozygous
41. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Pyrimidines
Environmental Factors
Autosomes
43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Pyrimidines
Point Mutation
Phenotype
44. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Transcription
Okazaki fragments
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Binary fission
Double-Stranded Helix
Inducible Systems
Translocation
46. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Alleles
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
DNA
47. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Genetic Code
Phenotype
Plasmids
Regulator Gene
48. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Alleles
Binary fission
Plasmid
49. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
Episomes
Nonsense Mutation
50. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Inducible Systems
Mutable
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase