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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






2. Initiation - elongation - and termination






3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






4. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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5. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






6. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






7. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






8. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






9. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






12. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






13. Progeny generations






14. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






15. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






16. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Chromosome fragment






19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






20. New codon may be a stop codon






21. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






22. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






25. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






26. New codon may code for a different amino acid






27. Occurs when linked genes are separated






28. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






33. New codon may code for the same amino acid






34. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






35. Genetic makeup of an individual






36. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






37. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






38. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






42. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






43. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






44. Basic unit of heredity






45. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






46. Location of genes on DNA






47. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






49. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






50. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations