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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






2. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






3. Short segments from lagging strand






4. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






5. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






6. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






7. New codon may be a stop codon






8. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






9. Location of genes on DNA






10. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






12. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






13. Cytosine and thymine






14. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






15. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






19. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






20. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






21. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






22. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






23. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






24. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






25. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






26. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






27. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






28. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






30. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






31. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






32. New codon may code for the same amino acid






33. Initiation - elongation - and termination






34. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






35. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






36. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






37. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






38. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






39. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






40. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






41. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






42. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






43. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






44. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






45. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






47. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






48. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






49. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






50. Organisms that carry two different alleles