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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Repressible Systems
Chromosomal Breakage
Polyribosome
Drosophila Melanogaster
2. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Plasmid
RNA
Monohybrid Cross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
3. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Chromosomal Breakage
Triplet Code
Nucleotide
Double-Stranded Helix
4. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Complementary Base-Pairing
Codons
Missense Mutation
5. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Chromosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Codominance
6. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Okazaki fragments
Mutagenic Agents
Elongation
Sex Linked
7. Cell burst
Triplet Code
Polyribosome
Lyse
Sex Linked
8. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Genetic Code
Silent Mutation
Lyse
Repressible Systems
9. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Translation
Gene
Mendel's Law of Dominance
10. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Dominant Allele
DNA
11. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Purines
Double-Stranded Helix
Silent Mutation
12. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Binary fission
Chromosomes
Gene Mutation
Inducible Systems
13. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
tRNA Job
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Monohybrid Cross
14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Okazaki fragments
Bacterial Replication
Silent Mutation
Triplet Code
15. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Heterozygous
Heredity
Autosomes
16. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Autosomes
Episomes
Semiconservative
Binary fission
17. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Chromosomes
Start Codon
Genotype
Dominant Allele
18. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Dihybrid Cross
Heredity
Mendelian Genetics
Mutations
19. Chromosome fragment
Messenger mRNA
Mutations
Semiconservative
Plasmid
20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Start Codon
Promoter gene
Lytic Cycle
Plasmids
21. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
DNA Replication
P-site
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Synonyms
22. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Semiconservative
Transformation
Start Codon
23. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Inducible Systems
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Lyse
24. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Repressible Systems
Codominance
Homozygous
Heterozygous
25. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Mutable
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomes
26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Nonsense Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Mutagenic Agents
Point Mutation
27. Where protein synthesis occurs
Monocistronic
DNA Replication
Ribosomes
Translation
28. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Point Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Codominance
29. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nondisjunction
Lysogenic Cycle
30. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Messenger mRNA
Purines
Bacteriophage
Inducible Systems
31. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Ribosomes
Mutable
Semiconservative
Antibody resistance
32. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Ribosomes
Start Codon
Monohybrid Cross
Operator Gene
33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
tRNA Job
Operon
Codons
Antibody resistance
34. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Episomes
Binary fission
Lagging Strand
Ribosomes
35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Mutations
Purines
Homozygous
Polyribosome
36. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transformation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Semiconservative
37. New codon may be a stop codon
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomes
Nonsense Mutation
Monocistronic
38. Adenine and guanine
Frameshift Mutation
Regulator Gene
Purines
Bacterial Replication
39. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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40. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lagging Strand
Recombination
Translocation
41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Translation
Start Codon
Mutations
Transcription
42. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Autosomes
Varions
Ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Autosomes
Mutations
Transcription
Messenger mRNA
44. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Ribosomes
Recombination
Translation
45. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Polyribosome
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Elongation
46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Operon
Transduction
47. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Repressible Systems
Transduction
Chromosomes
48. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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49. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Episomes
Antibody resistance
Genetic Code
Transduction
50. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Chromosomal Breakage
P-site
Varions
Regulator Gene
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