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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Messenger mRNA
Homozygous
Nucleotide
2. Adenine and guanine
Monocistronic
Polypeptide Synthesis
Purines
Testcross
3. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
P-site
Operon
Mutations
4. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Transduction
Recessive Allele
5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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6. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Crosses
RNA
Inducer-Repressor Complex
7. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Nondisjunction
Translocation
RNA
Ribosomes
8. Cell burst
Ribosomes
Plasmids
Backcross
Lyse
9. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Bacterial Replication
A-site
Triplet Code
Silent Mutation
10. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Gene Mutation
Varions
Purines
Codons
11. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Semiconservative
Autosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Drosophila Melanogaster
12. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Inducible Systems
Autosomes
Genetics
Transformation
13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Environmental Factors
DNA Replication
Incomplete Dominance
14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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15. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Translocation
Bacterial Genome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
P-site
16. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Messenger mRNA
Pyrimidines
Virulent
Translocation
17. Short segments from lagging strand
RNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Alleles
Okazaki fragments
18. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Lysogenic Cycle
Nucleotide
Conjugation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Genotype
Drosophila Melanogaster
Homozygous
Frameshift Mutation
20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Translation
Testcross
Monocistronic
Lytic Cycle
21. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Bacterial Genome
Ribosomes
Mutable
Frameshift Mutation
22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Termination Codons
Virulent
Double-Stranded Helix
23. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Transcription
Translocation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Mendelian Genetics
24. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Leading Strand
Messenger mRNA
Transcription
Lytic Cycle
25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Mutagenic Agents
Sex Linked
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
26. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
DNA
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
27. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Phenotype
Inducible Systems
Operon
Environmental Factors
28. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Elongation
Binary fission
Episomes
Regulator Gene
29. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Dominant Allele
Plasmids
Nondisjunction
Nonsense Mutation
30. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Polyribosome
Peptide Bond
Nonsense Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Nonsense Mutation
Genetic Code
Inducible Systems
Transcription
32. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Complementary Base-Pairing
Leading Strand
Translocation
Bacterial Replication
33. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transduction
Alleles
34. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Complementary Base-Pairing
Translocation
Alleles
Semiconservative
35. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
DNA
Lysogenic Cycle
Genetic Code
Lytic Cycle
36. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Varions
Recombination
Codominance
Mutable
37. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Lyse
Bacteriophage
Frameshift Mutation
Bacterial Genome
38. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
RNA
Monocistronic
Codominance
Genetic Code
39. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Genetic Code
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Chromosomes
40. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Environmental Factors
Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
41. New codon may be a stop codon
Plasmids
Nonsense Mutation
Gene
Point Mutation
42. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Complementary Base-Pairing
Varions
Dihybrid Cross
Nucleotide
43. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recombination
Transcription
Polypeptide Synthesis
Dominant Allele
44. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Translocation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transcription
Parental (P Generation)
45. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Gene Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Purines
46. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Binary fission
Pyrimidines
Double-Stranded Helix
Nondisjunction
47. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Lagging Strand
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Transduction
Monohybrid Cross
48. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Chromosomal Breakage
Operator Gene
Phenotype
Semiconservative
49. Basic unit of heredity
Translocation
Genetic Code
Gene
Lysogenic Cycle
50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Lytic Cycle
Antibody resistance
Polyribosome
Conjugation