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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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2. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






3. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






4. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






6. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






9. Occurs when linked genes are separated






10. New codon may be a stop codon






11. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






12. Genetic makeup of an individual






13. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






14. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






15. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. Basic unit of heredity






18. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






19. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






20. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






21. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






22. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






24. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






26. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






27. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






30. Where protein synthesis occurs






31. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






33. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






34. Cell burst






35. Initiation - elongation - and termination






36. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






39. New codon may code for a different amino acid






40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






41. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






44. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






45. Cytosine and thymine






46. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






47. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






48. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






49. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors