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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






3. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






4. New codon may code for the same amino acid






5. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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6. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






7. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






8. Initiation - elongation - and termination






9. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






10. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






11. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






12. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






13. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






14. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






15. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






16. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






17. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






18. Consists of structural genes






19. New codon may code for a different amino acid






20. Chromosome fragment






21. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






22. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






23. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






25. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






26. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






27. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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28. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






29. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






30. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






31. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






34. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






35. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






38. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






39. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






40. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






41. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






43. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






44. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






45. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






46. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






47. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






48. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






49. Individuals being crossed






50. Progeny generations