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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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2. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






3. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






4. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






5. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






6. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






7. Progeny generations






8. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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9. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






10. Where protein synthesis occurs






11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






12. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






13. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






14. Basic unit of heredity






15. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






16. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






18. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






19. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






20. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






21. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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22. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






23. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






26. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






27. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






28. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






29. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






31. Cytosine and thymine






32. Location of genes on DNA






33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






34. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






36. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






38. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






39. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






40. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






41. Organisms that carry two different alleles






42. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






43. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






44. Adenine and guanine






45. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






46. Short segments from lagging strand






47. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






48. Cell burst






49. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






50. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype