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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






3. Initiation - elongation - and termination






4. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






5. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






6. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






8. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






9. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






10. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






11. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






12. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






13. Individuals being crossed






14. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






15. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






16. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






17. Location of genes on DNA






18. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






19. New codon may be a stop codon






20. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






21. Cytosine and thymine






22. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






25. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






26. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






27. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






28. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






30. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






31. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






32. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






33. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






34. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






35. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






36. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






37. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






38. New codon may code for the same amino acid






39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






40. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






41. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






42. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






43. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






44. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






45. Chromosome fragment






46. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






47. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. New codon may code for a different amino acid






49. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






50. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism