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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Start Codon
Transcription
Lyse
Operator Gene
2. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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3. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Testcross
Nucleotide
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Heredity
4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lytic Cycle
Plasmid
Incomplete Dominance
5. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Monocistronic
Okazaki fragments
Semiconservative
6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Transcription
Mutations
Antibody resistance
Operator Gene
7. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Transcription
Bacterial Genome
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
8. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Mutagenic Agents
Episomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomes
9. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Varions
Complementary Base-Pairing
DNA Replication
10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Parental (P Generation)
Chromosomes
11. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Dominant Allele
Codominance
Missense Mutation
Lysogenic Cycle
12. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Mutagenic Agents
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Start Codon
Okazaki fragments
13. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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14. Where protein synthesis occurs
Gene
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Ribosomes
Monohybrid Cross
15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Monohybrid Cross
Recombination
Filial (F generations)
Elongation
16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendelian Genetics
Episomes
Filial (F generations)
17. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Transcription
Recombination
Mendelian Genetics
Inducible Systems
18. New codon may be a stop codon
Codominance
Nonsense Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Transcription
19. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Elongation
Mendelian Genetics
Operator Gene
20. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Triplet Code
A-site
Sex Linked
Autosomes
21. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Mutable
Pyrimidines
tRNA Job
Triplet Code
22. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Lyse
Genotype
Peptide Bond
23. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Codons
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Complementary Base-Pairing
24. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Codominance
Antibody resistance
Sex Linked
Incomplete Dominance
25. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Lyse
Termination Codons
P-site
Inducible Systems
26. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
DNA
A-site
Polyribosome
DNA Replication
27. Chromosome fragment
DNA Replication
Plasmid
Mutagenic Agents
DNA
28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Messenger mRNA
Leading Strand
Complementary Base-Pairing
Termination Codons
29. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Double-Stranded Helix
Conjugation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
30. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Lytic Cycle
Termination Codons
Transcription
Bacteriophage
31. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Gene
Codons
Promoter gene
32. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Inducible Systems
Genetic Code
Ribosomes
33. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Nucleotide
Bacterial Replication
Dihybrid Cross
Binary fission
34. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Parental (P Generation)
Transcription
Chromosomes
Mutable
35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Crosses
Lysogenic Cycle
Nonsense Mutation
Operator Gene
36. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Heterozygous
Monohybrid Cross
Bacteriophage
Chromosomal Breakage
37. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Mutable
A-site
Pyrimidines
Genotype
38. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Mutagenic Agents
Phenotype
Mendel's Law of Dominance
39. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Phenotype
Okazaki fragments
Environmental Factors
Translocation
40. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Mutations
Incomplete Dominance
Chromosomal Breakage
Mutagenic Agents
41. Short segments from lagging strand
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Okazaki fragments
Autosomes
Nonsense Mutation
42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lyse
Crosses
Sex Linked Recessives
43. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Translation
Lyse
44. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Genetics
tRNA Job
Transformation
Genotype
45. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Translation
Homozygous
RNA
46. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Plasmid
Filial (F generations)
DNA
Triplet Code
47. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Polypeptide Synthesis
Translation
Promoter gene
Double-Stranded Helix
48. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
RNA
Missense Mutation
Synonyms
Monohybrid Cross
49. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Silent Mutation
Start Codon
Chromosomal Breakage
Lytic Cycle
50. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Chromosomes
Dominant Allele
Genotype
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