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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid






2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






3. New codon may code for a different amino acid






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






6. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






7. Progeny generations






8. New codon may be a stop codon






9. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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10. Where protein synthesis occurs






11. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






12. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






13. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






14. Cell burst






15. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






16. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






17. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






18. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






19. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






20. Location of genes on DNA






21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






22. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






23. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






24. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






27. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






28. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






29. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






31. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






32. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






33. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






34. Chromosome fragment






35. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






37. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






38. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






39. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






40. Basic unit of heredity






41. Cytosine and thymine






42. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






43. Initiation - elongation - and termination






44. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






46. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






47. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






48. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






50. Occurs when linked genes are separated