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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






2. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






3. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






8. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






11. Where protein synthesis occurs






12. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






14. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






15. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






17. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






18. Location of genes on DNA






19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






20. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






21. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






22. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






24. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






25. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






27. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






28. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






29. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






32. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






33. Chromosome fragment






34. Consists of structural genes






35. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






36. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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37. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






40. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






41. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






42. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






43. New codon may code for the same amino acid






44. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






45. Cell burst






46. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






48. Initiation - elongation - and termination






49. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection