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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromosome fragment
Chromosomes
Plasmid
Mutable
Varions
2. Consists of structural genes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Polyribosome
Synonyms
Operon
3. Basic unit of heredity
Genetic Code
Varions
Dihybrid Cross
Gene
4. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Mutagenic Agents
Inducible Systems
Codominance
Lyse
5. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Testcross
Operon
Polyribosome
Bacteriophage
6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Nondisjunction
Recombination
Alleles
7. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
A-site
Start Codon
Backcross
Homozygous
8. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Peptide Bond
Semiconservative
DNA
Ribosomes
9. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Transcription
Autosomes
Phenotype
Alleles
10. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Bacteriophage
Lyse
A-site
Codominance
11. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Transduction
Testcross
Codons
Dominant Allele
12. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Parental (P Generation)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Genetic Code
Recombination
13. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Transduction
Promoter gene
Mutable
Operator Gene
14. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Monocistronic
Complementary Base-Pairing
Genetics
15. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Conjugation
Elongation
Antibody resistance
Mutations
16. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Incomplete Dominance
Translation
Point Mutation
17. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Transduction
Triplet Code
Sex Linked
18. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Transduction
Complementary Base-Pairing
Sex Linked
Nucleotide
19. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Mutations
Nondisjunction
Punnet Square Diagram
Genetics
20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Peptide Bond
Ribosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Varions
21. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Mutagenic Agents
Lysogenic Cycle
22. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Polyribosome
Leading Strand
Dominant Allele
Conjugation
23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Conjugation
Virulent
Testcross
24. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Synonyms
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Nucleotide
Genetic Code
25. Individuals being crossed
Transformation
Parental (P Generation)
Mutable
Synonyms
26. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transduction
Transcription
Triplet Code
27. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Varions
Silent Mutation
Translation
28. Short segments from lagging strand
Bacterial Genome
Phenotype
RNA
Okazaki fragments
29. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Binary fission
Repressible Systems
Lyse
30. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Mutations
Peptide Bond
Synonyms
Point Mutation
31. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Polyribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
32. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Translation
Transcription
Gene Mutation
33. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Sex Linked
Complementary Base-Pairing
Parental (P Generation)
34. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Genetics
Recessive Allele
Gene
35. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Operon
Point Mutation
Binary fission
Pyrimidines
36. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Termination Codons
Incomplete Dominance
Translation
37. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Sex Linked Recessives
Messenger mRNA
DNA
Codons
38. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Dominant Allele
Lagging Strand
Gene Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
39. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
DNA
Silent Mutation
Alleles
40. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Testcross
Sex Linked
Polyribosome
41. Where protein synthesis occurs
Transduction
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Bacterial Genome
42. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Recombination
Sex Linked Recessives
Start Codon
Genetics
43. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Complementary Base-Pairing
Lagging Strand
P-site
44. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Codominance
Purines
Mendelian Genetics
Recessive Allele
45. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Lysogenic Cycle
Heredity
Nonsense Mutation
Peptide Bond
46. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Recombination
Sex Linked Recessives
Codons
Lagging Strand
48. Cell burst
Chromosomal Breakage
Termination Codons
Genotype
Lyse
49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transcription
Polyribosome
Chromosomes
50. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Synonyms
Virulent
Conjugation
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