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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Lytic Cycle
Virulent
Nondisjunction
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
2. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Punnet Square Diagram
Homozygous
Lyse
3. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Leading Strand
Bacterial Replication
4. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Punnet Square Diagram
Leading Strand
A-site
5. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Polyribosome
Backcross
Heredity
6. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Regulator Gene
Synonyms
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Recessive Allele
7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
DNA Replication
Operon
Translation
DNA
8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Binary fission
RNA
Nondisjunction
Translation
9. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Purines
Double-Stranded Helix
Recessive Allele
Chromosomal Breakage
10. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genetic Code
Dominant Allele
11. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Bacterial Genome
Mutations
Mutagenic Agents
Triplet Code
12. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Messenger mRNA
Backcross
Monocistronic
13. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Homozygous
Episomes
Frameshift Mutation
Backcross
14. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Lagging Strand
Complementary Base-Pairing
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
15. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Recessive Allele
Transduction
Polypeptide Synthesis
Point Mutation
16. Consists of structural genes
Genetic Code
Anticodon
Operon
Silent Mutation
17. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Transcription
Plasmids
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Purines
18. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Lyse
Gene Mutation
Sex Linked
19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Recombination
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lagging Strand
20. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Pyrimidines
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Nondisjunction
22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
RNA
Bacterial Replication
Promoter gene
Lagging Strand
23. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Genotype
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Leading Strand
Nondisjunction
24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutable
Heredity
Ribosomes
25. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Bacterial Genome
Mutations
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polyribosome
26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Codons
Plasmids
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
27. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Dominant Allele
Codons
Antibody resistance
28. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Genotype
Point Mutation
Missense Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
29. Cytosine and thymine
Conjugation
Pyrimidines
Transcription
Codons
30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Frameshift Mutation
Operon
Promoter gene
Semiconservative
31. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Transcription
Filial (F generations)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Antibody resistance
32. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Genotype
Transduction
Mutations
Double-Stranded Helix
33. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Environmental Factors
Transcription
Ribosomes
Elongation
34. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Episomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Environmental Factors
35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Backcross
Plasmid
Autosomes
Transcription
36. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Missense Mutation
tRNA Job
RNA
Virulent
37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Nondisjunction
Leading Strand
Testcross
Operon
38. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Codons
Bacterial Replication
Backcross
Conjugation
39. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Bacteriophage
Operator Gene
A-site
Mutagenic Agents
40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Frameshift Mutation
Antibody resistance
Genetic Code
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
41. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Monocistronic
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Silent Mutation
Inducible Systems
42. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Bacterial Replication
Incomplete Dominance
Sex Linked
Punnet Square Diagram
43. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Transcription
Plasmids
Recessive Allele
Genetics
44. Adenine and guanine
Recessive Allele
Purines
DNA Replication
Episomes
45. Cell burst
Lyse
Translation
Transcription
Filial (F generations)
46. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Phenotype
Double-Stranded Helix
Lysogenic Cycle
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
47. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Gene
Heredity
Operator Gene
48. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Chromosomes
Phenotype
Ribosomes
Punnet Square Diagram
49. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Silent Mutation
Lagging Strand
Point Mutation
50. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Regulator Gene
DNA Replication
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Recombination