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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






2. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






3. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






4. Where protein synthesis occurs






5. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






6. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






7. Adenine and guanine






8. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






9. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






10. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






11. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






12. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






15. Cytosine and thymine






16. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






17. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






18. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






20. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






21. Genetic makeup of an individual






22. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






25. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






27. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






28. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. Initiation - elongation - and termination






32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






34. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






35. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






36. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






37. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






38. Individuals being crossed






39. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






40. Location of genes on DNA






41. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






44. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






45. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






46. Cell burst






47. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






49. Progeny generations






50. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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