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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
Inducible Systems
Ribosomes
2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Elongation
Genetics
Bacterial Replication
Chromosomal Breakage
3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Pyrimidines
Frameshift Mutation
Translation
Anticodon
4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Triplet Code
Polyribosome
Phenotype
Operator Gene
5. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
RNA
Mendelian Genetics
Varions
tRNA Job
6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mendelian Genetics
Nonsense Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
7. Cell burst
Episomes
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
Inducer-Repressor Complex
8. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Bacterial Replication
Autosomes
Plasmid
9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Lysogenic Cycle
Nucleotide
Phenotype
Punnet Square Diagram
10. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Lysogenic Cycle
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Silent Mutation
Point Mutation
11. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Lyse
Promoter gene
Transcription
Environmental Factors
12. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Heterozygous
Bacterial Replication
Recessive Allele
13. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Episomes
Gene
Virulent
Ribosomes
14. Basic unit of heredity
Polypeptide Synthesis
Gene
RNA
Leading Strand
15. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Lyse
Testcross
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
16. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Antibody resistance
Inducer-Repressor Complex
tRNA Job
17. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Recessive Allele
Lagging Strand
Synonyms
18. Consists of structural genes
Pyrimidines
Complementary Base-Pairing
Filial (F generations)
Operon
19. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Heterozygous
Leading Strand
Recessive Allele
Polyribosome
20. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Chromosomes
Testcross
Okazaki fragments
Purines
21. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Synonyms
Heredity
Monocistronic
22. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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23. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Polypeptide Synthesis
Autosomes
Conjugation
Homozygous
24. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Binary fission
Environmental Factors
Inducible Systems
Virulent
25. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Environmental Factors
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Messenger mRNA
Point Mutation
26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Transformation
Monocistronic
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Promoter gene
27. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Filial (F generations)
Purines
Peptide Bond
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
28. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Bacteriophage
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Gene
Pyrimidines
29. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Autosomes
Point Mutation
Conjugation
30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Recombination
Mutations
Transcription
Translation
31. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Codominance
Double-Stranded Helix
Inducible Systems
Backcross
32. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Autosomes
Operator Gene
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Polyribosome
33. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Conjugation
Codons
Monohybrid Cross
Sex Linked
34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Heredity
Recombination
Genetic Code
Regulator Gene
35. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Lysogenic Cycle
P-site
Plasmids
Okazaki fragments
36. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Transduction
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Chromosomal Breakage
37. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Dominant Allele
RNA
Okazaki fragments
39. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Operon
DNA
Alleles
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
40. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nucleotide
Antibody resistance
Recombination
Nondisjunction
41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Purines
Mendelian Genetics
Antibody resistance
A-site
42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Peptide Bond
Termination Codons
Bacterial Genome
tRNA Job
43. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Operator Gene
Plasmid
Sex Linked
Drosophila Melanogaster
44. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Termination Codons
tRNA Job
Polyribosome
45. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Monocistronic
Polypeptide Synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
46. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Nondisjunction
Recombination
Transformation
47. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Lagging Strand
Repressible Systems
Pyrimidines
Bacterial Replication
48. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Plasmid
Recombination
Genotype
Codons
49. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
P-site
Double-Stranded Helix
Heterozygous
50. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Regulator Gene
Translocation
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