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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Transduction
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Triplet Code
2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Filial (F generations)
Recombination
Bacterial Replication
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
3. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Heterozygous
Termination Codons
Translocation
Transcription
4. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Bacteriophage
Double-Stranded Helix
Phenotype
5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Termination Codons
Translation
Mutagenic Agents
Messenger mRNA
6. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Synonyms
Nucleotide
Mutagenic Agents
7. Consists of structural genes
Mendelian Genetics
Operon
Okazaki fragments
Genetics
8. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Missense Mutation
Recombination
Phenotype
Sex Linked
9. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Peptide Bond
Gene Mutation
Backcross
RNA
10. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
RNA
Elongation
Inducible Systems
11. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Messenger mRNA
Gene Mutation
Purines
Ribosomes
12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
RNA
Filial (F generations)
Termination Codons
Complementary Base-Pairing
13. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Parental (P Generation)
Dominant Allele
Binary fission
Nondisjunction
14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Start Codon
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Regulator Gene
Polyribosome
15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Conjugation
Lyse
Complementary Base-Pairing
Elongation
16. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Heterozygous
tRNA Job
Mutable
Sex Linked
17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
RNA
Codominance
Double-Stranded Helix
18. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Termination Codons
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Point Mutation
Testcross
19. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Anticodon
Phenotype
Nondisjunction
Transcription
20. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Peptide Bond
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mutagenic Agents
21. Genetic makeup of an individual
Codons
Genotype
Gene
Transformation
22. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Bacterial Genome
A-site
Polypeptide Synthesis
Plasmids
23. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Ribosomes
Recombination
Complementary Base-Pairing
Monocistronic
24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Frameshift Mutation
Transcription
Bacterial Replication
25. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Ribosomes
Silent Mutation
Genetics
DNA
26. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Monocistronic
Mutagenic Agents
Pyrimidines
P-site
27. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Lyse
Synonyms
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Polypeptide Synthesis
28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Anticodon
Plasmid
Double-Stranded Helix
29. Cytosine and thymine
DNA Replication
Pyrimidines
Mutations
Operon
30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Antibody resistance
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Environmental Factors
Lysogenic Cycle
31. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Incomplete Dominance
Operon
Phenotype
Silent Mutation
32. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Nucleotide
Binary fission
Chromosomal Breakage
Point Mutation
33. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Monocistronic
Frameshift Mutation
Bacterial Genome
34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Sex Linked
Mutations
Translation
35. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Double-Stranded Helix
Punnet Square Diagram
Chromosomal Breakage
Anticodon
36. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Environmental Factors
Translocation
Gene
Bacteriophage
37. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Plasmids
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Point Mutation
Episomes
38. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transduction
Transformation
Punnet Square Diagram
39. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Nucleotide
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Plasmids
Nonsense Mutation
40. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Autosomes
Synonyms
A-site
Dominant Allele
41. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Autosomes
Anticodon
DNA Replication
Genetic Code
42. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bacterial Genome
Lyse
Nonsense Mutation
43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Bacterial Genome
Termination Codons
P-site
Mutations
44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Chromosomes
Point Mutation
Triplet Code
Lytic Cycle
45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Monocistronic
Nucleotide
Peptide Bond
Double-Stranded Helix
46. Short segments from lagging strand
P-site
Chromosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Okazaki fragments
47. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Testcross
Regulator Gene
Virulent
Okazaki fragments
48. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Dominant Allele
Episomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Transformation
49. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Autosomes
Crosses
Inducible Systems
Polypeptide Synthesis
50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Repressible Systems
Transduction
Codons
Dihybrid Cross