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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






2. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






3. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






4. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






6. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






7. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






8. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






9. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






10. New codon may be a stop codon






11. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






12. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






13. Cytosine and thymine






14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






15. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






16. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






17. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






18. Where protein synthesis occurs






19. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






21. Short segments from lagging strand






22. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






23. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






25. Consists of structural genes






26. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






27. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






28. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






29. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






32. Initiation - elongation - and termination






33. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






34. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






35. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






36. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






37. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






39. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






40. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






43. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






44. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






45. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






46. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






47. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)