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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell burst






2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






4. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






5. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






6. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






7. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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13. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






14. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






15. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






16. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






19. New codon may code for the same amino acid






20. New codon may code for a different amino acid






21. Short segments from lagging strand






22. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






23. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






24. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






25. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






28. Individuals being crossed






29. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






31. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






33. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






34. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






35. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






36. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






37. Cytosine and thymine






38. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






40. New codon may be a stop codon






41. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






42. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






43. Occurs when linked genes are separated






44. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






45. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






46. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






49. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






50. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA