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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Silent Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
tRNA Job
Binary fission
2. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Lyse
Ribosomes
Monohybrid Cross
Codominance
3. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Lyse
Varions
Punnet Square Diagram
Pyrimidines
4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Heterozygous
Monohybrid Cross
Transduction
Phenotype
5. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
DNA Replication
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Bacterial Replication
Crosses
6. Chromosome fragment
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Plasmid
Conjugation
Testcross
7. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Codons
Dominant Allele
Transformation
8. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Plasmid
Nonsense Mutation
Genetic Code
Bacterial Genome
9. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Environmental Factors
Polyribosome
Complementary Base-Pairing
Chromosomes
10. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Codons
Ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
11. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Ribosomes
Mendelian Genetics
Semiconservative
Point Mutation
12. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Sex Linked
Monocistronic
Parental (P Generation)
13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Conjugation
Okazaki fragments
Translocation
Genetics
14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Bacterial Replication
Polypeptide Synthesis
Sex Linked
Gene Mutation
15. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Lysogenic Cycle
DNA
Lyse
16. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lyse
Drosophila Melanogaster
Phenotype
17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
A-site
Translocation
Sex Linked Recessives
18. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Frameshift Mutation
Testcross
Recessive Allele
Lagging Strand
19. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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20. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lysogenic Cycle
Silent Mutation
21. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Chromosomal Breakage
Gene Mutation
RNA
Recombination
22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Promoter gene
Heredity
Filial (F generations)
Regulator Gene
23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Parental (P Generation)
Sex Linked
Episomes
24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Messenger mRNA
Virulent
Promoter gene
Filial (F generations)
25. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Episomes
Regulator Gene
Semiconservative
Synonyms
26. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
DNA
Bacteriophage
Transformation
27. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Lysogenic Cycle
Regulator Gene
28. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Gene Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
29. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
DNA
Punnet Square Diagram
Genotype
Point Mutation
30. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Translation
DNA
Peptide Bond
Transcription
31. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Homozygous
Ribosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Incomplete Dominance
32. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Lysogenic Cycle
Filial (F generations)
Crosses
Genotype
33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Mutagenic Agents
Bacterial Replication
Lysogenic Cycle
34. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Peptide Bond
Sex Linked
Monocistronic
Repressible Systems
35. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Drosophila Melanogaster
P-site
Inducible Systems
36. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Polyribosome
DNA Replication
Leading Strand
DNA
37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Transcription
Heterozygous
Repressible Systems
DNA
38. Progeny generations
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
P-site
Filial (F generations)
Translocation
39. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Double-Stranded Helix
tRNA Job
Filial (F generations)
Lagging Strand
40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Nucleotide
Monocistronic
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Okazaki fragments
41. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Alleles
Complementary Base-Pairing
Anticodon
Bacteriophage
42. Cell burst
Double-Stranded Helix
Lyse
Plasmids
Transcription
43. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Lyse
Bacterial Genome
Synonyms
44. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Okazaki fragments
Episomes
Transcription
Translation
45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nonsense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Nucleotide
Peptide Bond
46. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Regulator Gene
Lysogenic Cycle
Filial (F generations)
Codominance
47. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Complementary Base-Pairing
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Inducible Systems
48. Where protein synthesis occurs
Episomes
Ribosomes
Repressible Systems
Polyribosome
49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Monocistronic
Plasmids
Homozygous
50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Phenotype
Bacterial Replication
tRNA Job