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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






2. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






3. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






4. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






5. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






6. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






7. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






8. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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11. Occurs when linked genes are separated






12. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






13. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






14. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






15. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






16. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






17. Chromosome fragment






18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






19. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






20. Cytosine and thymine






21. Initiation - elongation - and termination






22. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






23. Progeny generations






24. New codon may code for a different amino acid






25. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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26. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






27. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






30. New codon may code for the same amino acid






31. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






33. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






34. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






35. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






36. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






38. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






39. New codon may be a stop codon






40. Location of genes on DNA






41. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






42. Adenine and guanine






43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






46. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






47. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






48. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






49. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness