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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






2. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






3. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






4. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






5. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






6. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






7. New codon may code for the same amino acid






8. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






11. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






12. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






13. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






14. Cytosine and thymine






15. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






16. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. Where protein synthesis occurs






19. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






20. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






21. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. New codon may code for a different amino acid






24. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






25. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






26. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






27. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






28. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






29. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






30. Location of genes on DNA






31. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






32. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






33. Organisms that carry two different alleles






34. Initiation - elongation - and termination






35. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






37. Consists of structural genes






38. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






39. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






40. Adenine and guanine






41. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






42. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






43. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






44. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






45. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






46. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






47. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






48. Occurs when linked genes are separated






49. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






50. Chromosome fragment