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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






3. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






4. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






5. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






6. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






7. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






8. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






9. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






10. Short segments from lagging strand






11. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






15. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






16. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






17. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






18. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






19. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






20. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






21. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






22. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






24. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






26. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






27. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






28. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






29. Organisms that carry two different alleles






30. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






31. Consists of structural genes






32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






33. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






34. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






35. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


36. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






37. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






40. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






42. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






43. Location of genes on DNA






44. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






45. New codon may be a stop codon






46. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






47. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






48. Cytosine and thymine






49. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters