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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






2. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






3. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






4. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






6. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






7. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






8. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






11. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






12. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






13. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






14. Genetic makeup of an individual






15. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






16. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






17. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






18. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






19. Adenine and guanine






20. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






21. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






22. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






23. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






24. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






25. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






26. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






27. Individuals being crossed






28. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






29. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






30. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






31. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






32. New codon may code for the same amino acid






33. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






34. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






35. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






38. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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39. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






42. Cell burst






43. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






44. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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45. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






46. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






47. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






48. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters