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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






2. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






3. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






5. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






6. Chromosome fragment






7. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






8. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






9. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






10. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






11. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






12. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






15. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






16. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






19. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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20. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






21. Occurs when linked genes are separated






22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






25. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






26. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






27. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






28. Location of genes on DNA






29. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






30. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






31. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






32. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






34. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






35. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






36. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






38. Progeny generations






39. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






41. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






42. Cell burst






43. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






44. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






46. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






47. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






48. Where protein synthesis occurs






49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA