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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






2. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






3. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






4. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






5. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






6. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






7. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






8. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






9. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






10. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






11. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






12. Progeny generations






13. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






14. New codon may be a stop codon






15. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






17. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






18. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






19. Consists of structural genes






20. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






21. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






22. Short segments from lagging strand






23. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






24. Cytosine and thymine






25. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






26. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






27. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






28. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






29. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






30. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






31. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






35. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






36. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






37. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






38. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






39. Individuals being crossed






40. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






41. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






42. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






43. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






44. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






49. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






50. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next







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