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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






2. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






3. New codon may code for the same amino acid






4. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






5. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






6. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






7. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






8. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






10. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






13. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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15. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






16. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






17. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






18. Consists of structural genes






19. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






21. Genetic makeup of an individual






22. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






26. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






27. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






28. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






29. Organisms that carry two different alleles






30. Basic unit of heredity






31. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






32. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






33. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






35. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






36. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






37. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






38. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






39. New codon may code for a different amino acid






40. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






41. Progeny generations






42. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






43. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






44. Individuals being crossed






45. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






46. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection