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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Recessive Allele
Translation
P-site
Heredity
2. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Homozygous
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Testcross
Nonsense Mutation
3. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Operator Gene
Autosomes
Silent Mutation
Gene Mutation
4. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Sex Linked
Dihybrid Cross
Gene Mutation
Alleles
5. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacteriophage
Binary fission
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
6. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Frameshift Mutation
Bacteriophage
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
DNA Replication
7. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Regulator Gene
Lagging Strand
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
8. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Anticodon
Dominant Allele
Repressible Systems
Environmental Factors
9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Gene
Elongation
Alleles
10. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Gene Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Autosomes
Promoter gene
11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomes
12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Punnet Square Diagram
DNA
Recombination
P-site
13. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Bacterial Genome
Gene
Antibody resistance
14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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15. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Antibody resistance
Lytic Cycle
Bacterial Genome
Semiconservative
16. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Monohybrid Cross
Frameshift Mutation
DNA
Transcription
17. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Elongation
Double-Stranded Helix
Codominance
Bacterial Genome
18. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Recessive Allele
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Monocistronic
19. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Frameshift Mutation
DNA Replication
Codominance
Mutations
20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Plasmid
Backcross
Lytic Cycle
Peptide Bond
21. Genetic makeup of an individual
Inducible Systems
Genotype
Ribosomes
Operator Gene
22. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Lagging Strand
P-site
Alleles
Mendelian Genetics
23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Dihybrid Cross
Chromosomal Breakage
24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Peptide Bond
Virulent
Plasmid
Anticodon
25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
DNA
Monohybrid Cross
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Plasmids
26. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Chromosomes
Missense Mutation
Plasmids
Frameshift Mutation
27. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
tRNA Job
Nonsense Mutation
Translocation
Ribosomes
28. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mutagenic Agents
Messenger mRNA
Monocistronic
29. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Sex Linked Recessives
Heterozygous
Mutable
Anticodon
30. Basic unit of heredity
Mendelian Genetics
Gene
Dihybrid Cross
Start Codon
31. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Purines
Semiconservative
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Homozygous
32. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Antibody resistance
Frameshift Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
33. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Genetics
Incomplete Dominance
Nucleotide
Episomes
34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Genetics
A-site
Messenger mRNA
Nondisjunction
35. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Elongation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mendelian Genetics
Promoter gene
36. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Transcription
Operator Gene
Translation
Genotype
37. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Monocistronic
Ribosomes
Semiconservative
Codons
38. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
tRNA Job
Inducible Systems
Recombination
Double-Stranded Helix
39. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Phenotype
Silent Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
40. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Episomes
Synonyms
Chromosomal Breakage
Homozygous
41. Progeny generations
Mendelian Genetics
Mutations
Filial (F generations)
Monocistronic
42. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Lagging Strand
Phenotype
Heterozygous
Double-Stranded Helix
43. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Start Codon
Transcription
Peptide Bond
Backcross
44. Individuals being crossed
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Complementary Base-Pairing
Okazaki fragments
Parental (P Generation)
45. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lysogenic Cycle
Polypeptide Synthesis
Regulator Gene
Recombination
46. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Frameshift Mutation
Leading Strand
Crosses
Operator Gene
47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Triplet Code
Parental (P Generation)
Sex Linked
Termination Codons
48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
tRNA Job
Recessive Allele
Dominant Allele
Autosomes
49. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Genotype
Nondisjunction
Inducible Systems
50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Inducible Systems
Transduction
Codominance
Bacterial Replication