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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
DNA Replication
Crosses
P-site
Translocation
2. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
RNA
Codons
Punnet Square Diagram
Mutations
3. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Termination Codons
Polypeptide Synthesis
Ribosomes
Transcription
4. Short segments from lagging strand
Genetics
Bacterial Genome
Mutable
Okazaki fragments
5. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Polypeptide Synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Bacteriophage
6. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Codominance
Backcross
Transcription
Nondisjunction
7. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
RNA
Transcription
Purines
Monocistronic
8. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Translation
Environmental Factors
Plasmids
9. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Recombination
Conjugation
Polyribosome
Alleles
10. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Polyribosome
Ribosomes
Punnet Square Diagram
11. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Regulator Gene
Pyrimidines
Monocistronic
Genetics
12. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Promoter gene
Phenotype
tRNA Job
Mendel's Law of Dominance
13. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Crosses
Monohybrid Cross
Codominance
Dominant Allele
14. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Codominance
Elongation
15. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Promoter gene
Drosophila Melanogaster
Virulent
16. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Missense Mutation
Gene Mutation
Alleles
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
17. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Genetics
Incomplete Dominance
Operator Gene
DNA
18. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mendelian Genetics
Polyribosome
19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Mutagenic Agents
Lagging Strand
Translocation
Drosophila Melanogaster
20. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Ribosomes
Codons
Antibody resistance
21. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Frameshift Mutation
Genetic Code
Autosomes
Elongation
22. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Translation
Semiconservative
Mutations
Varions
23. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Genetic Code
Silent Mutation
Purines
Leading Strand
24. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Chromosomal Breakage
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Translation
Polyribosome
25. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lyse
Promoter gene
26. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
tRNA Job
Filial (F generations)
Anticodon
Monohybrid Cross
27. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Messenger mRNA
Mutable
Regulator Gene
Leading Strand
28. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Genetic Code
Recessive Allele
Recombination
Ribosomes
29. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Double-Stranded Helix
Virulent
Codons
Repressible Systems
30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Translocation
31. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Lytic Cycle
Bacterial Replication
Environmental Factors
Sex Linked Recessives
32. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
tRNA Job
Regulator Gene
Transcription
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
33. New codon may be a stop codon
Mutable
DNA Replication
Nonsense Mutation
DNA
34. Chromosome fragment
Nondisjunction
Conjugation
Plasmid
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
35. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Chromosomes
Monocistronic
Anticodon
36. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Gene Mutation
Bacterial Genome
Inducible Systems
Transformation
37. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
A-site
Nondisjunction
Lyse
38. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Parental (P Generation)
Synonyms
Virulent
Semiconservative
39. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Environmental Factors
Mutagenic Agents
DNA Replication
Chromosomes
40. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Dominant Allele
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Bacterial Replication
Virulent
41. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Nonsense Mutation
Repressible Systems
Varions
Missense Mutation
42. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Punnet Square Diagram
Alleles
Plasmids
Bacterial Genome
43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Mutations
Codominance
Gene Mutation
Bacterial Replication
44. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Dominant Allele
Frameshift Mutation
Elongation
45. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Codominance
Frameshift Mutation
Translation
Episomes
46. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
A-site
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Heredity
Incomplete Dominance
47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Start Codon
Incomplete Dominance
Binary fission
Translation
48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Punnet Square Diagram
Operon
Antibody resistance
Point Mutation
49. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Pyrimidines
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Lysogenic Cycle
Transformation
50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Operator Gene
Recessive Allele
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Bacterial Replication