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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






3. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






4. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






5. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






6. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






7. Progeny generations






8. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






9. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






10. Basic unit of heredity






11. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






13. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






14. Short segments from lagging strand






15. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






16. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






19. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






20. New codon may code for the same amino acid






21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






22. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






23. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






24. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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25. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






26. Consists of structural genes






27. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






28. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






29. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






30. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






31. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






33. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






34. Adenine and guanine






35. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






36. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






38. Location of genes on DNA






39. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






40. Occurs when linked genes are separated






41. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






43. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






44. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






45. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






46. Chromosome fragment






47. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






48. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






49. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






50. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos