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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






3. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






4. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






5. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






6. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






7. New codon may code for the same amino acid






8. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






9. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






10. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






11. Individuals being crossed






12. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






14. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






15. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






18. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. Cell burst






21. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






22. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






23. Location of genes on DNA






24. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






27. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






28. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






29. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






30. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






31. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






32. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






33. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


37. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






38. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






39. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






42. Cytosine and thymine






43. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






45. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






46. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






47. Adenine and guanine






48. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






49. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






50. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes