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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






3. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






4. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






5. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






6. Individuals being crossed






7. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






10. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






11. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






12. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






13. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






15. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






16. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






17. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






18. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






22. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






23. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






24. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






25. Progeny generations






26. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






28. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






29. New codon may be a stop codon






30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






31. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






32. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






33. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






34. Cell burst






35. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






36. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






37. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






38. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






40. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






41. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






42. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






44. Short segments from lagging strand






45. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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47. Basic unit of heredity






48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






49. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






50. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site