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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
RNA
Dihybrid Cross
Binary fission
Translation
2. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Okazaki fragments
Incomplete Dominance
Frameshift Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
3. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Elongation
Varions
Codons
Repressible Systems
4. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Recombination
Virulent
Repressible Systems
Conjugation
5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Heterozygous
Ribosomes
Codominance
Transcription
6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Missense Mutation
Genetics
Autosomes
8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transcription
Conjugation
Bacteriophage
9. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Genetics
Punnet Square Diagram
Triplet Code
Elongation
10. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Nucleotide
Incomplete Dominance
Messenger mRNA
Lyse
11. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Sex Linked Recessives
Regulator Gene
Mutations
Termination Codons
12. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Sex Linked Recessives
Inducible Systems
Okazaki fragments
13. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Chromosomes
Virulent
Double-Stranded Helix
RNA
14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Ribosomes
Environmental Factors
Plasmids
Alleles
15. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transcription
RNA
Bacterial Replication
16. Cell burst
Termination Codons
Antibody resistance
Double-Stranded Helix
Lyse
17. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Parental (P Generation)
Varions
Mutagenic Agents
Mendelian Genetics
18. Cytosine and thymine
Incomplete Dominance
Chromosomes
Pyrimidines
Punnet Square Diagram
19. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Semiconservative
Point Mutation
Chromosomes
20. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Replication
Crosses
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Bacterial Genome
21. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Elongation
Missense Mutation
Regulator Gene
Virulent
22. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Crosses
Mutagenic Agents
DNA Replication
Peptide Bond
23. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Semiconservative
RNA
Filial (F generations)
Lagging Strand
24. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Dihybrid Cross
Transcription
Environmental Factors
Monohybrid Cross
25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Filial (F generations)
Okazaki fragments
Polyribosome
26. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Dihybrid Cross
Plasmids
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
DNA Replication
27. Consists of structural genes
Homozygous
Filial (F generations)
Environmental Factors
Operon
28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Monocistronic
Synonyms
Antibody resistance
Ribosomes
29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Crosses
RNA
Okazaki fragments
30. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Complementary Base-Pairing
Plasmids
Genetic Code
Testcross
31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
tRNA Job
Crosses
Recessive Allele
Termination Codons
32. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Codons
Frameshift Mutation
Heredity
Silent Mutation
33. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Inducible Systems
Drosophila Melanogaster
Genetics
Plasmids
34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
Environmental Factors
Operator Gene
35. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Conjugation
Testcross
Environmental Factors
Episomes
36. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutable
Ribosomes
Elongation
37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Mendelian Genetics
Monocistronic
Polyribosome
38. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Leading Strand
Codominance
Transformation
39. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Double-Stranded Helix
P-site
Semiconservative
40. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Environmental Factors
Sex Linked Recessives
Start Codon
41. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Heterozygous
Dihybrid Cross
Elongation
42. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Mutagenic Agents
Pyrimidines
Gene Mutation
Messenger mRNA
43. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Translocation
Regulator Gene
Inducible Systems
Nucleotide
44. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Pyrimidines
Triplet Code
Parental (P Generation)
45. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Ribosomes
tRNA Job
Recessive Allele
Virulent
46. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Crosses
Translation
P-site
Homozygous
47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Antibody resistance
Semiconservative
Messenger mRNA
tRNA Job
48. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Inducible Systems
Monocistronic
Nucleotide
Okazaki fragments
49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Genetic Code
Frameshift Mutation
Transduction
Incomplete Dominance
50. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Heterozygous
Messenger mRNA
Antibody resistance
Mutagenic Agents