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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






2. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






3. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






4. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






5. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






8. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






9. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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10. Initiation - elongation - and termination






11. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






14. Occurs when linked genes are separated






15. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






16. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






18. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






19. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






20. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






21. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






22. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






23. Where protein synthesis occurs






24. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






25. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






26. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






27. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






28. Organisms that carry two different alleles






29. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






30. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






31. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






33. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






34. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






35. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






37. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






38. Genetic makeup of an individual






39. Consists of structural genes






40. New codon may be a stop codon






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






43. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






44. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






45. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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46. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






47. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






49. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






50. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus