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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Dihybrid Cross
Transformation
Varions
2. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Varions
Transduction
Translation
Episomes
3. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
DNA
Varions
Recessive Allele
Silent Mutation
4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Nondisjunction
Sex Linked Recessives
Incomplete Dominance
Recessive Allele
5. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Transcription
Homozygous
Episomes
Semiconservative
6. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Termination Codons
Heterozygous
Genotype
Mendelian Genetics
7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Antibody resistance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lagging Strand
8. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Double-Stranded Helix
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Mutagenic Agents
9. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Frameshift Mutation
Genotype
Varions
Mutations
10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Messenger mRNA
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Homozygous
Autosomes
11. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Monocistronic
Chromosomes
Gene
12. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Alleles
Heredity
DNA
Translation
13. Cytosine and thymine
Lytic Cycle
Pyrimidines
Bacterial Genome
Plasmid
14. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Environmental Factors
Backcross
Incomplete Dominance
Peptide Bond
15. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Frameshift Mutation
Transduction
Plasmids
16. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Codominance
Mutagenic Agents
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Genetics
17. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Translocation
Genetic Code
Regulator Gene
18. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Missense Mutation
Gene
Monohybrid Cross
19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
DNA
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transformation
Ribosomes
20. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Purines
Heterozygous
Mendelian Genetics
Gene
21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Genetic Code
Chromosomal Breakage
DNA Replication
Dominant Allele
22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Transformation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Codominance
Parental (P Generation)
23. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Chromosomal Breakage
Polypeptide Synthesis
Leading Strand
Start Codon
24. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mutagenic Agents
Parental (P Generation)
Binary fission
25. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
RNA
Gene Mutation
26. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Ribosomes
Punnet Square Diagram
Start Codon
Mutagenic Agents
27. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Dominant Allele
Environmental Factors
Anticodon
Pyrimidines
28. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Punnet Square Diagram
Nondisjunction
Crosses
29. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Messenger mRNA
Heterozygous
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Crosses
30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Promoter gene
Lytic Cycle
Gene Mutation
Genetics
31. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Leading Strand
Plasmids
Silent Mutation
Transcription
32. Short segments from lagging strand
Start Codon
Crosses
Okazaki fragments
Mutagenic Agents
33. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Translation
Transformation
Elongation
Transcription
34. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Nucleotide
Inducible Systems
Lagging Strand
Recessive Allele
35. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Backcross
Frameshift Mutation
Anticodon
36. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Regulator Gene
Promoter gene
Codominance
37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Transformation
Frameshift Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Varions
38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Point Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transformation
Parental (P Generation)
39. Adenine and guanine
Double-Stranded Helix
Purines
Episomes
Peptide Bond
40. Genetic makeup of an individual
Messenger mRNA
tRNA Job
Monohybrid Cross
Genotype
41. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Double-Stranded Helix
Autosomes
Environmental Factors
42. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Transcription
Antibody resistance
Dihybrid Cross
Gene Mutation
43. New codon may be a stop codon
Operator Gene
Nonsense Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
P-site
44. Chromosome fragment
Sex Linked Recessives
Transcription
Plasmid
Genetic Code
45. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Elongation
Gene Mutation
Autosomes
46. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Binary fission
Bacteriophage
Frameshift Mutation
47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Chromosomal Breakage
Environmental Factors
Sex Linked
Translocation
48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Mutations
Bacteriophage
Start Codon
Inducible Systems
49. Consists of structural genes
Lytic Cycle
Chromosomes
Heterozygous
Operon
50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Semiconservative
A-site
Mutagenic Agents
Nucleotide