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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






2. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






3. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






4. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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5. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






6. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






7. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






10. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






14. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






16. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






17. Organisms that carry two different alleles






18. Initiation - elongation - and termination






19. Progeny generations






20. Chromosome fragment






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. Consists of structural genes






23. New codon may code for the same amino acid






24. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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25. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






27. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






28. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






29. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






30. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






31. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






32. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






33. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






34. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






35. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






36. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






37. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






39. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






40. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






41. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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42. Individuals being crossed






43. Where protein synthesis occurs






44. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






45. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






46. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






47. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






48. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






49. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






50. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)