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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Episomes
Promoter gene
Frameshift Mutation
Filial (F generations)
3. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
DNA Replication
Genetics
Sex Linked
Mendel's Law of Dominance
4. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Genetic Code
Chromosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Inducible Systems
5. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Synonyms
Mutagenic Agents
Semiconservative
Lytic Cycle
6. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Peptide Bond
Punnet Square Diagram
Bacterial Replication
7. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Messenger mRNA
Lytic Cycle
Point Mutation
Ribosomes
8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Crosses
Double-Stranded Helix
Termination Codons
Bacteriophage
9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Bacterial Genome
Genetic Code
Pyrimidines
10. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Mutagenic Agents
Mutations
Double-Stranded Helix
Inducible Systems
11. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
RNA
Operon
Ribosomes
Incomplete Dominance
12. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Peptide Bond
Mutations
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
13. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Dominant Allele
Lytic Cycle
Heredity
14. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Anticodon
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Peptide Bond
15. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Regulator Gene
Alleles
Genetic Code
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
16. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Transduction
Genotype
Ribosomes
17. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Semiconservative
Translocation
Heredity
Varions
18. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
P-site
Complementary Base-Pairing
Translocation
Crosses
19. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Regulator Gene
Incomplete Dominance
Transformation
Recombination
20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Dominant Allele
Varions
Ribosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Nonsense Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Lagging Strand
A-site
22. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Bacteriophage
Binary fission
Recombination
Conjugation
23. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Genetics
Promoter gene
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomes
24. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transcription
Crosses
25. Progeny generations
Complementary Base-Pairing
Filial (F generations)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomes
26. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Binary fission
Bacterial Replication
Sex Linked Recessives
27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Plasmid
DNA Replication
Synonyms
Phenotype
28. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Operator Gene
Synonyms
tRNA Job
Filial (F generations)
29. New codon may be a stop codon
Point Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Complementary Base-Pairing
30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Ribosomes
Autosomes
Codons
Plasmids
31. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Lytic Cycle
P-site
Transformation
Filial (F generations)
32. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Transformation
Lagging Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
Sex Linked Recessives
33. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Synonyms
Mutations
Alleles
Testcross
34. Cell burst
Lyse
Lytic Cycle
Bacteriophage
Chromosomal Breakage
35. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Recessive Allele
Transformation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Inducible Systems
36. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Bacteriophage
Episomes
Dominant Allele
37. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Crosses
Autosomes
Genetics
38. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Gene Mutation
Regulator Gene
Plasmid
RNA
39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Okazaki fragments
Transcription
Genotype
Lytic Cycle
40. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Polypeptide Synthesis
tRNA Job
Operator Gene
41. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Alleles
Translocation
DNA Replication
Peptide Bond
42. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Double-Stranded Helix
Genotype
Lagging Strand
RNA
43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Alleles
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
44. Short segments from lagging strand
Drosophila Melanogaster
Okazaki fragments
Promoter gene
P-site
45. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Operator Gene
Transcription
Translocation
Recessive Allele
46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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47. Basic unit of heredity
Silent Mutation
Anticodon
Repressible Systems
Gene
48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Monohybrid Cross
Genotype
Recombination
Mutable
49. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Parental (P Generation)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutable
Alleles
50. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Regulator Gene
Operator Gene
Messenger mRNA
Purines