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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. Basic unit of heredity






4. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






6. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






7. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. New codon may code for the same amino acid






10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






13. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






14. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






15. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






16. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






17. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






18. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






19. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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20. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






22. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. Cell burst






25. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






27. Organisms that carry two different alleles






28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






29. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






30. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






31. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






32. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






33. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






34. Progeny generations






35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






36. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






37. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






38. Adenine and guanine






39. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






42. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






43. Short segments from lagging strand






44. New codon may code for a different amino acid






45. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






46. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






47. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






50. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus







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