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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






2. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






3. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






4. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






5. Individuals being crossed






6. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






7. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






8. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






10. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






11. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






12. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






13. Organisms that carry two different alleles






14. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






15. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






16. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






17. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






18. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






20. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






21. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






24. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






25. Location of genes on DNA






26. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






27. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






28. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






29. Adenine and guanine






30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






31. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






32. Chromosome fragment






33. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






34. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






35. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






36. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






37. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






38. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






39. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






40. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






42. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






43. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






44. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






45. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






46. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


47. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






48. Short segments from lagging strand






49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes