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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






2. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






6. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






7. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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8. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






9. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






10. Chromosome fragment






11. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






12. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






13. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






15. New codon may code for the same amino acid






16. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






17. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






18. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






20. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






21. Short segments from lagging strand






22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






23. Adenine and guanine






24. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






25. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






26. New codon may code for a different amino acid






27. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






28. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






29. Location of genes on DNA






30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






31. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






32. Genetic makeup of an individual






33. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






34. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






35. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






36. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






37. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






38. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






39. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






40. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






41. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






42. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






43. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






44. Initiation - elongation - and termination






45. Consists of structural genes






46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






47. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






48. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






49. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






50. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes