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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






2. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






3. Consists of structural genes






4. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






5. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






6. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






7. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






8. Where protein synthesis occurs






9. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






10. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






11. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






12. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






13. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






14. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






15. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






18. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






19. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






20. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






21. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






22. Occurs when linked genes are separated






23. New codon may code for the same amino acid






24. Location of genes on DNA






25. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






26. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






27. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






28. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






29. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






30. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






31. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






32. Individuals being crossed






33. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






34. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






35. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






36. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






37. New codon may code for a different amino acid






38. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






40. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






41. Progeny generations






42. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






43. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






44. Cell burst






45. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






49. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






50. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then