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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






2. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






3. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






4. Chromosome fragment






5. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






6. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






7. Cytosine and thymine






8. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






9. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






10. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






11. Where protein synthesis occurs






12. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






13. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






15. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






16. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






17. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






20. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






21. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






22. New codon may be a stop codon






23. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






24. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






25. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






26. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






27. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






28. Adenine and guanine






29. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






30. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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31. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






32. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






33. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






34. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






35. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






39. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






40. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






41. Individuals being crossed






42. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






45. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






46. Organisms that carry two different alleles






47. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






48. Location of genes on DNA






49. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






50. Basic unit of heredity