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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Genotype
Start Codon
Homozygous
Polyribosome
2. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Polypeptide Synthesis
Monocistronic
Anticodon
Crosses
3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Polypeptide Synthesis
Translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Mendel's Law of Dominance
4. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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5. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
DNA Replication
Recessive Allele
Nucleotide
Chromosomes
6. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
Virulent
Dihybrid Cross
Bacterial Replication
7. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Missense Mutation
Episomes
Transcription
Chromosomes
8. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Episomes
Transcription
Transcription
9. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Translation
Regulator Gene
Drosophila Melanogaster
10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Ribosomes
Translocation
Homozygous
11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Start Codon
Nucleotide
Transcription
Binary fission
12. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Missense Mutation
Polyribosome
Sex Linked
13. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Testcross
Incomplete Dominance
Varions
14. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Double-Stranded Helix
Genetic Code
Start Codon
Recessive Allele
15. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Episomes
Elongation
Plasmids
Plasmid
16. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Leading Strand
Mutagenic Agents
Monocistronic
Genetics
17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Lysogenic Cycle
Polyribosome
Frameshift Mutation
Peptide Bond
18. Chromosome fragment
P-site
Chromosomal Breakage
Plasmid
Gene
19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Conjugation
Synonyms
Gene
Heterozygous
20. New codon may be a stop codon
Translation
Codominance
Polypeptide Synthesis
Nonsense Mutation
21. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Termination Codons
Double-Stranded Helix
Antibody resistance
22. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Heredity
Plasmid
Dominant Allele
Heterozygous
23. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Genetic Code
Filial (F generations)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
DNA
24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
RNA
Conjugation
Backcross
25. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Complementary Base-Pairing
Semiconservative
Leading Strand
Monocistronic
26. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Monocistronic
Missense Mutation
Virulent
Purines
27. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Codons
Elongation
Recombination
Transduction
28. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Termination Codons
Dihybrid Cross
Nonsense Mutation
29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Nondisjunction
Virulent
Bacterial Genome
Translocation
30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Sex Linked
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Plasmids
Frameshift Mutation
31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Lagging Strand
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Inducible Systems
Punnet Square Diagram
32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Chromosomal Breakage
Silent Mutation
Nondisjunction
Ribosomes
33. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Punnet Square Diagram
Bacteriophage
Okazaki fragments
Silent Mutation
34. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operon
Translation
Genetics
Operator Gene
35. Genetic makeup of an individual
Transformation
Elongation
Transduction
Genotype
36. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Parental (P Generation)
Heredity
Codominance
37. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Translation
Start Codon
Transformation
38. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked
Peptide Bond
Repressible Systems
39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Point Mutation
Messenger mRNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transformation
40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Codominance
Sex Linked
Bacterial Replication
DNA Replication
41. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
P-site
Environmental Factors
Point Mutation
Lysogenic Cycle
42. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Synonyms
Codominance
Nucleotide
Double-Stranded Helix
43. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Genetics
Codons
Missense Mutation
44. Basic unit of heredity
Chromosomes
Gene
Parental (P Generation)
Leading Strand
45. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Nondisjunction
Codons
P-site
Polypeptide Synthesis
46. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
A-site
Operon
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
47. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Point Mutation
Phenotype
Punnet Square Diagram
48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Backcross
Nondisjunction
49. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
DNA Replication
Monohybrid Cross
Messenger mRNA
Lyse
50. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transcription
Filial (F generations)