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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiation - elongation - and termination






2. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






3. Chromosome fragment






4. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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6. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






7. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






8. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






9. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






11. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






12. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






13. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






14. Location of genes on DNA






15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






18. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






19. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






20. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






21. New codon may code for a different amino acid






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






24. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






25. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






26. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






27. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






30. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






31. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






32. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






33. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






34. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






35. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






36. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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38. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






39. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






40. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






41. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






42. Organisms that carry two different alleles






43. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






44. Progeny generations






45. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






46. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






47. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






49. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






50. New codon may be a stop codon