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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






2. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






3. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






4. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






5. Individuals being crossed






6. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






11. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






12. Adenine and guanine






13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






16. Basic unit of heredity






17. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






18. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






19. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






20. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






21. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






22. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






23. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






24. Location of genes on DNA






25. Organisms that carry two different alleles






26. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






27. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






28. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






29. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






30. Cytosine and thymine






31. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






32. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






33. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






34. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






35. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






36. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






37. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






38. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






39. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






40. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






41. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






42. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






43. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






44. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






45. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






48. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






50. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next