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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity






2. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






3. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






4. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






5. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






7. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






9. Occurs when linked genes are separated






10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






11. Genetic makeup of an individual






12. Individuals being crossed






13. Where protein synthesis occurs






14. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






15. Initiation - elongation - and termination






16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






17. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






18. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






19. New codon may code for the same amino acid






20. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






21. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






22. Cytosine and thymine






23. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






25. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






26. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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28. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






29. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






31. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






32. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






33. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






34. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






36. Progeny generations






37. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






38. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






39. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






40. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






41. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






42. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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43. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






45. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






48. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






49. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






50. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site