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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid






2. Initiation - elongation - and termination






3. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






6. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






7. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






8. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






9. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






10. Consists of structural genes






11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






12. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






13. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






15. Location of genes on DNA






16. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






18. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






19. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






20. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






21. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






22. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






23. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






25. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






26. Genetic makeup of an individual






27. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






28. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






29. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






31. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






32. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






35. New codon may be a stop codon






36. Basic unit of heredity






37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






38. Progeny generations






39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






40. Adenine and guanine






41. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






43. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






44. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






45. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






46. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






47. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






48. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






50. Where protein synthesis occurs