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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






2. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






3. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






4. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






5. Short segments from lagging strand






6. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






7. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






8. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






9. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






10. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






11. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






12. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






13. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






16. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






17. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






18. New codon may be a stop codon






19. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






21. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






22. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






23. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






24. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






25. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






26. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






27. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






29. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






30. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






31. Genetic makeup of an individual






32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






33. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






34. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






35. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






36. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






37. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






38. Progeny generations






39. Adenine and guanine






40. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






42. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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43. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






44. Cell burst






45. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






46. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






47. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






48. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






49. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






50. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)







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