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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






2. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






3. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






4. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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7. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






12. Occurs when linked genes are separated






13. New codon may code for the same amino acid






14. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






15. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






16. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






17. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






18. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






20. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






21. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






22. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






23. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






25. Genetic makeup of an individual






26. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






27. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






28. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






29. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






30. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






31. Cytosine and thymine






32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






33. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






34. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






36. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






39. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






40. Individuals being crossed






41. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






42. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






43. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






44. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






45. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






46. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






47. New codon may be a stop codon






48. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






50. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)