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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






2. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






3. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






4. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






5. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






6. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






9. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






10. Location of genes on DNA






11. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






12. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






13. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






14. Organisms that carry two different alleles






15. Initiation - elongation - and termination






16. Consists of structural genes






17. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






18. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






23. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






25. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






27. Progeny generations






28. New codon may code for a different amino acid






29. Cytosine and thymine






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






32. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






33. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






34. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






36. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






39. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






41. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






42. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






43. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. Adenine and guanine






45. Cell burst






46. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






47. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






48. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






49. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






50. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands