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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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2. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Incomplete Dominance
Nucleotide
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lyse
3. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Autosomes
DNA Replication
Repressible Systems
Transduction
4. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Operon
Environmental Factors
P-site
5. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Start Codon
Plasmids
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
6. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Genetic Code
Promoter gene
Messenger mRNA
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
7. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Ribosomes
A-site
Backcross
8. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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9. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Plasmid
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Ribosomes
10. Where protein synthesis occurs
Nondisjunction
Translocation
Monohybrid Cross
Ribosomes
11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Monohybrid Cross
A-site
tRNA Job
Operon
12. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Triplet Code
Dominant Allele
Genetics
Binary fission
13. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Testcross
Mendelian Genetics
Okazaki fragments
14. Basic unit of heredity
Messenger mRNA
RNA
Elongation
Gene
15. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Sex Linked
Lysogenic Cycle
Nondisjunction
Termination Codons
16. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Okazaki fragments
Environmental Factors
P-site
17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Okazaki fragments
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Virulent
18. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Elongation
Genetic Code
Nondisjunction
Dominant Allele
19. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Homozygous
Transformation
Monohybrid Cross
20. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Regulator Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Crosses
Chromosomes
21. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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22. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Sex Linked Recessives
Codons
Point Mutation
P-site
23. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Elongation
Start Codon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Peptide Bond
24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Anticodon
Termination Codons
Filial (F generations)
Semiconservative
25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Silent Mutation
Regulator Gene
Phenotype
Double-Stranded Helix
26. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Lysogenic Cycle
DNA Replication
Dominant Allele
27. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Parental (P Generation)
Phenotype
Gene Mutation
28. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Translation
Missense Mutation
Alleles
Genetic Code
29. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Operator Gene
Homozygous
Transcription
30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Ribosomes
Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Conjugation
31. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Anticodon
Complementary Base-Pairing
Peptide Bond
32. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Operon
Filial (F generations)
Regulator Gene
33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Codons
Mutable
Bacterial Replication
Messenger mRNA
34. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Repressible Systems
Transduction
Messenger mRNA
Codominance
35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Lytic Cycle
tRNA Job
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
36. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Okazaki fragments
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Gene
Heterozygous
37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Incomplete Dominance
Peptide Bond
Heterozygous
Conjugation
38. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Chromosomes
Translocation
Promoter gene
Semiconservative
39. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Virulent
Monohybrid Cross
Autosomes
Dihybrid Cross
40. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Triplet Code
Mutable
Sex Linked Recessives
41. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Conjugation
Polyribosome
Heterozygous
A-site
42. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Mutable
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Dominant Allele
43. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Purines
Filial (F generations)
Punnet Square Diagram
Genetic Code
44. Adenine and guanine
Gene Mutation
Purines
Ribosomes
Nonsense Mutation
45. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Filial (F generations)
Chromosomes
Anticodon
46. Short segments from lagging strand
Transcription
P-site
Drosophila Melanogaster
Okazaki fragments
47. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Genetics
Transformation
Pyrimidines
Silent Mutation
48. Cell burst
P-site
Lyse
Okazaki fragments
Recombination
49. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Recombination
Transcription
Virulent
Incomplete Dominance
50. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Ribosomes
Environmental Factors
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)