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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Progeny generations






2. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






3. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






6. Short segments from lagging strand






7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






8. Organisms that carry two different alleles






9. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






10. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






11. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






12. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






15. New codon may be a stop codon






16. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






17. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






19. Basic unit of heredity






20. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






21. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






22. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






23. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






24. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






25. Where protein synthesis occurs






26. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






27. Adenine and guanine






28. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






29. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






30. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






31. Genetic makeup of an individual






32. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






33. Occurs when linked genes are separated






34. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






35. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






37. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






38. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






39. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






40. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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41. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






42. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






44. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






45. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






48. Initiation - elongation - and termination






49. Cytosine and thymine






50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes