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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transduction
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Backcross
2. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Dominant Allele
Mutagenic Agents
Genotype
Termination Codons
3. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Transformation
Plasmid
Sex Linked Recessives
Lysogenic Cycle
4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lytic Cycle
Recessive Allele
Mutable
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Parental (P Generation)
Synonyms
Peptide Bond
Environmental Factors
6. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Promoter gene
Purines
Leading Strand
Lagging Strand
7. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Leading Strand
Okazaki fragments
Lytic Cycle
Varions
8. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
P-site
DNA
Synonyms
Gene Mutation
9. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Missense Mutation
Heredity
Dihybrid Cross
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
10. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Nonsense Mutation
Transduction
Start Codon
11. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Recessive Allele
Mendelian Genetics
Virulent
Codons
12. Short segments from lagging strand
Genotype
Okazaki fragments
Peptide Bond
Polypeptide Synthesis
13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Monocistronic
Termination Codons
Mutable
Chromosomal Breakage
14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Semiconservative
Phenotype
Codominance
Transcription
15. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Lyse
Start Codon
Autosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
16. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Incomplete Dominance
Codons
Conjugation
17. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Translocation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Operon
Repressible Systems
18. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Mendelian Genetics
Double-Stranded Helix
Monocistronic
Codons
19. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Plasmid
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Messenger mRNA
20. Basic unit of heredity
Translation
Heredity
Gene
Double-Stranded Helix
21. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Antibody resistance
Semiconservative
Purines
Environmental Factors
22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Transcription
Recessive Allele
Crosses
23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Bacterial Replication
Virulent
Recombination
DNA
24. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Gene
Homozygous
Lysogenic Cycle
Messenger mRNA
25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
A-site
Conjugation
Codominance
Autosomes
26. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Nucleotide
Mendel's Law of Dominance
A-site
Genotype
27. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Monohybrid Cross
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacteriophage
Heredity
28. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Sex Linked
Chromosomes
Antibody resistance
29. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Ribosomes
Silent Mutation
Dominant Allele
Anticodon
30. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Drosophila Melanogaster
DNA Replication
Pyrimidines
Genotype
31. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Nucleotide
Complementary Base-Pairing
Nondisjunction
32. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Gene
Semiconservative
Lytic Cycle
Gene Mutation
33. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Termination Codons
Plasmid
Genotype
34. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Monocistronic
Okazaki fragments
Operon
Crosses
35. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Nondisjunction
Homozygous
Monohybrid Cross
Heterozygous
36. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Frameshift Mutation
Plasmids
Ribosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
37. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Purines
Missense Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
Synonyms
38. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Bacterial Genome
Bacteriophage
Mutations
Purines
39. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Regulator Gene
Sex Linked
Testcross
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
40. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Double-Stranded Helix
Point Mutation
Termination Codons
Sex Linked
41. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Phenotype
Transcription
Environmental Factors
42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Transcription
Gene Mutation
Promoter gene
Nucleotide
43. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Varions
Heterozygous
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Leading Strand
44. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Operator Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Backcross
Genetic Code
45. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Transformation
Pyrimidines
Genetics
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
46. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Lagging Strand
Frameshift Mutation
Recessive Allele
Gene Mutation
47. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Genetic Code
RNA
tRNA Job
Silent Mutation
48. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Ribosomes
Promoter gene
Heredity
Semiconservative
49. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Transduction
Dihybrid Cross
Plasmid
Bacterial Genome
50. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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