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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may be a stop codon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Autosomes
Nonsense Mutation
Missense Mutation
2. Basic unit of heredity
Missense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Gene
Nonsense Mutation
3. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Silent Mutation
DNA
Monohybrid Cross
4. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Transcription
Complementary Base-Pairing
Promoter gene
Leading Strand
5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Genotype
Heredity
P-site
6. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Chromosomal Breakage
Genotype
DNA Replication
7. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Recombination
Codominance
Crosses
RNA
8. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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9. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Repressible Systems
Crosses
P-site
Lagging Strand
10. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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11. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Virulent
Drosophila Melanogaster
Punnet Square Diagram
Ribosomes
12. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
DNA Replication
Genetic Code
Lytic Cycle
Autosomes
13. Where protein synthesis occurs
Episomes
Recessive Allele
Start Codon
Ribosomes
14. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Translocation
Monocistronic
Regulator Gene
Start Codon
15. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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16. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
RNA
Transformation
Bacterial Genome
DNA
17. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Punnet Square Diagram
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transcription
18. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Genetics
Dominant Allele
Mutations
Crosses
19. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Ribosomes
Bacteriophage
Lagging Strand
Heterozygous
20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Mendelian Genetics
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Codominance
Virulent
21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
tRNA Job
Synonyms
22. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Plasmids
A-site
Anticodon
23. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Heterozygous
Nucleotide
Semiconservative
24. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Testcross
Alleles
Chromosomal Breakage
Bacteriophage
25. Chromosome fragment
Antibody resistance
Mendel's Law of Dominance
P-site
Plasmid
26. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Double-Stranded Helix
Nondisjunction
Transformation
Testcross
27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Point Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
Termination Codons
28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Genetics
Semiconservative
Binary fission
Frameshift Mutation
29. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Sex Linked
Recombination
Transcription
30. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Purines
Varions
Peptide Bond
Dominant Allele
31. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Lysogenic Cycle
Double-Stranded Helix
Codons
32. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Translation
Repressible Systems
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
33. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Incomplete Dominance
Antibody resistance
Peptide Bond
Transcription
34. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Autosomes
Operator Gene
Conjugation
Binary fission
35. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Polyribosome
Codominance
Genotype
36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Frameshift Mutation
Genetics
Anticodon
Codons
37. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutable
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Frameshift Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Bacterial Genome
Homozygous
Plasmids
39. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Filial (F generations)
Nucleotide
Gene Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
40. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Nonsense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Inducible Systems
Heredity
41. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Mutations
Mutagenic Agents
Chromosomal Breakage
Repressible Systems
42. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Parental (P Generation)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Recombination
Transcription
43. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
tRNA Job
Genetics
Translocation
Autosomes
44. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Mutations
Phenotype
Virulent
Missense Mutation
45. Cell burst
Parental (P Generation)
Lyse
Mutagenic Agents
Repressible Systems
46. Progeny generations
Semiconservative
Drosophila Melanogaster
Filial (F generations)
RNA
47. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Anticodon
Mutations
Parental (P Generation)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
48. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Polyribosome
Gene
Translation
Operon
49. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Mendelian Genetics
Okazaki fragments
Lysogenic Cycle
Regulator Gene
50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Polyribosome
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Parental (P Generation)
Codons