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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






2. Basic unit of heredity






3. Genetic makeup of an individual






4. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






5. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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7. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






8. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






9. Location of genes on DNA






10. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






11. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






13. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






14. New codon may be a stop codon






15. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






16. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






17. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






18. Cell burst






19. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






20. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






21. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






22. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






23. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






24. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






26. Chromosome fragment






27. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






28. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






29. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






30. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






31. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. Occurs when linked genes are separated






34. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






35. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






36. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






39. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






41. Initiation - elongation - and termination






42. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






43. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






44. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






46. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






47. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






48. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






49. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






50. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations