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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genetic makeup of an individual






2. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






3. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






4. Where protein synthesis occurs






5. Individuals being crossed






6. Location of genes on DNA






7. New codon may code for the same amino acid






8. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






10. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






11. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






12. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






14. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






17. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






18. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






19. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






20. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






21. Chromosome fragment






22. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






24. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






25. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






26. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






27. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






28. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






29. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






30. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






31. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






32. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






33. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






34. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






36. Initiation - elongation - and termination






37. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






38. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






39. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






42. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






43. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






44. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






48. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






49. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells







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