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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Double-Stranded Helix
Ribosomes
tRNA Job
2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Plasmids
Translation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Bacterial Replication
3. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Leading Strand
Incomplete Dominance
Pyrimidines
Nucleotide
4. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Polypeptide Synthesis
Recombination
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Elongation
5. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Recombination
Polyribosome
Crosses
Double-Stranded Helix
6. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Regulator Gene
Testcross
Bacteriophage
Transcription
7. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Repressible Systems
Double-Stranded Helix
Silent Mutation
Start Codon
8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Leading Strand
Termination Codons
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Bacteriophage
9. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Promoter gene
Mendelian Genetics
Mutable
Frameshift Mutation
10. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Transduction
Translocation
Chromosomal Breakage
Monocistronic
11. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Silent Mutation
Bacterial Genome
Chromosomal Breakage
12. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Start Codon
Semiconservative
Missense Mutation
13. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
14. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Genotype
Leading Strand
Backcross
15. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Lytic Cycle
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transcription
Virulent
16. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Mutable
Episomes
Promoter gene
17. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Complementary Base-Pairing
Repressible Systems
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
DNA Replication
18. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Crosses
Mutagenic Agents
Alleles
19. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Missense Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
Promoter gene
DNA Replication
20. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Chromosomal Breakage
Codons
Bacterial Replication
Inducer-Repressor Complex
21. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Purines
Bacterial Genome
Antibody resistance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
22. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transcription
Transduction
Autosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
23. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
24. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Plasmids
Codominance
Peptide Bond
Gene Mutation
25. Individuals being crossed
Autosomes
Transformation
Parental (P Generation)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
26. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Purines
Missense Mutation
Genotype
Pyrimidines
27. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Parental (P Generation)
Peptide Bond
Silent Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
28. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Triplet Code
Purines
Sex Linked
Alleles
29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Transformation
Frameshift Mutation
Genetic Code
Chromosomal Breakage
30. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Genetic Code
Pyrimidines
Messenger mRNA
Varions
31. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
32. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Transcription
Inducible Systems
Lytic Cycle
Sex Linked Recessives
33. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Mutable
Repressible Systems
Heredity
Conjugation
34. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Anticodon
Chromosomes
Dominant Allele
DNA
35. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Leading Strand
Homozygous
Crosses
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
36. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Polyribosome
Genotype
DNA
37. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Transformation
Mutations
Start Codon
38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Point Mutation
Genotype
Nondisjunction
Virulent
39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Triplet Code
Lytic Cycle
Drosophila Melanogaster
Plasmids
40. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Silent Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
41. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Antibody resistance
A-site
Lysogenic Cycle
Autosomes
42. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Sex Linked
Peptide Bond
Mendelian Genetics
Transduction
43. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Binary fission
Testcross
Recombination
44. Consists of structural genes
Dihybrid Cross
Backcross
Frameshift Mutation
Operon
45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Heredity
Ribosomes
tRNA Job
46. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Bacterial Replication
Sex Linked
Polyribosome
47. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Frameshift Mutation
Recessive Allele
Transcription
A-site
48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Frameshift Mutation
Triplet Code
Testcross
Ribosomes
49. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
DNA Replication
Peptide Bond
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Transcription
50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Plasmids
Genetic Code
Elongation