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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






2. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






3. Chromosome fragment






4. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






6. Occurs when linked genes are separated






7. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






8. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






10. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






11. Organisms that carry two different alleles






12. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






13. Cytosine and thymine






14. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






15. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






16. New codon may code for the same amino acid






17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






18. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






19. Where protein synthesis occurs






20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






21. New codon may be a stop codon






22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






24. Location of genes on DNA






25. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






26. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






27. Initiation - elongation - and termination






28. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






29. Adenine and guanine






30. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






32. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






33. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






34. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






35. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






36. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






37. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






38. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






39. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






40. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






41. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






42. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






43. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






44. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






46. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






47. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






48. Short segments from lagging strand






49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection