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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






2. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






3. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






4. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






5. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






6. New codon may code for a different amino acid






7. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






8. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






9. Adenine and guanine






10. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






11. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






12. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






13. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






14. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






15. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






16. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






17. Where protein synthesis occurs






18. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






21. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






22. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






24. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






25. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






26. Location of genes on DNA






27. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






29. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






31. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






32. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






33. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






34. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






35. Organisms that carry two different alleles






36. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






37. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






38. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






39. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






40. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






41. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






42. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






43. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






44. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Individuals being crossed






47. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






48. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






49. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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50. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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