Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






2. Basic unit of heredity






3. Chromosome fragment






4. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






5. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






6. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






7. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






8. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






9. Individuals being crossed






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






12. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






13. New codon may code for the same amino acid






14. Organisms that carry two different alleles






15. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






16. New codon may be a stop codon






17. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






18. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






19. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






20. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






21. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






22. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






23. Genetic makeup of an individual






24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






25. Short segments from lagging strand






26. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






27. Where protein synthesis occurs






28. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






29. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






32. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






33. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






34. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






35. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






36. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






37. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






38. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






39. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






40. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






41. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






42. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






43. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


44. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






45. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






46. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






47. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






48. Occurs when linked genes are separated






49. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






50. Location of genes on DNA