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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






2. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






3. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






5. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






6. Organisms that carry two different alleles






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






9. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






11. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






12. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






13. Cytosine and thymine






14. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






15. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






16. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






17. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






18. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






20. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






23. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






24. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






25. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






26. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






27. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






28. Basic unit of heredity






29. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






31. New codon may code for the same amino acid






32. Short segments from lagging strand






33. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






34. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






35. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






36. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. Adenine and guanine






40. Genetic makeup of an individual






41. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






42. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






43. New codon may be a stop codon






44. Chromosome fragment






45. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






46. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






49. Consists of structural genes






50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)