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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






3. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






4. Progeny generations






5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






6. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






7. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






8. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






9. Chromosome fragment






10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






11. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






12. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






13. Cell burst






14. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






15. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






16. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






18. Where protein synthesis occurs






19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






20. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






21. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






22. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






23. New codon may be a stop codon






24. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






26. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






27. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






28. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






29. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






30. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






31. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






32. New codon may code for the same amino acid






33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






34. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






35. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






36. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






37. New codon may code for a different amino acid






38. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






42. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






43. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






44. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






45. Basic unit of heredity






46. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






47. Adenine and guanine






48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






49. Individuals being crossed






50. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ