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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






2. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






3. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






4. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






5. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






6. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






7. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






8. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






9. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






10. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






11. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






12. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






13. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






14. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






16. Genetic makeup of an individual






17. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






18. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






23. Progeny generations






24. Basic unit of heredity






25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






27. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






28. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






29. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






31. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






32. New codon may code for the same amino acid






33. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






38. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






39. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






42. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






47. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. Individuals being crossed






49. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






50. Occurs when linked genes are separated