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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






3. Individuals being crossed






4. Cell burst






5. Chromosome fragment






6. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






7. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






8. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






9. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






10. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






11. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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13. New codon may code for a different amino acid






14. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






15. Progeny generations






16. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






17. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






18. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






20. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






21. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






22. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






23. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






24. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






25. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






26. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






27. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






28. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






29. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






30. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






31. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






32. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






34. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






39. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






40. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






41. New codon may be a stop codon






42. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






43. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






44. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






45. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






47. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






48. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






49. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells