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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






2. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






3. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






5. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






6. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






7. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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8. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






9. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






10. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






11. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






12. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






13. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






14. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






15. Individuals being crossed






16. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






17. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






18. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






19. Short segments from lagging strand






20. Basic unit of heredity






21. Location of genes on DNA






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






24. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






25. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






26. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






28. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






29. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






30. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






31. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






32. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






33. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






34. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






35. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






36. Organisms that carry two different alleles






37. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






38. Consists of structural genes






39. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






41. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






42. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






43. New codon may code for the same amino acid






44. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






45. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






46. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






47. Cytosine and thymine






48. New codon may be a stop codon






49. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






50. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form







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