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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






2. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






4. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






5. Individuals being crossed






6. Adenine and guanine






7. Cell burst






8. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






9. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






10. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






11. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






12. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






13. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






15. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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16. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






17. Genetic makeup of an individual






18. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. New codon may code for the same amino acid






21. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






22. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






23. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






25. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






26. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






27. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






28. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






29. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






31. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






32. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






33. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






34. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






35. New codon may be a stop codon






36. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






37. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






38. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






39. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






41. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






42. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






43. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






44. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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45. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






46. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






47. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






49. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






50. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group