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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Missense Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Silent Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
2. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Silent Mutation
Crosses
Messenger mRNA
Inducer-Repressor Complex
3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Lagging Strand
Antibody resistance
Bacteriophage
Bacterial Genome
4. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Translocation
Incomplete Dominance
Recombination
Mendel's Law of Dominance
5. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Purines
Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Genetics
6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Transcription
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lytic Cycle
Mutations
7. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Nondisjunction
Mutable
Bacterial Genome
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
8. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Heterozygous
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Autosomes
9. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Purines
Pyrimidines
Elongation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
10. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Operon
Synonyms
Nonsense Mutation
Homozygous
11. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Recombination
Transcription
Plasmid
Repressible Systems
12. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Virulent
Chromosomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Chromosomal Breakage
13. Cytosine and thymine
Sex Linked Recessives
P-site
Pyrimidines
Polypeptide Synthesis
14. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Codons
DNA
Chromosomal Breakage
15. Genetic makeup of an individual
Episomes
Genotype
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Semiconservative
16. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Testcross
Alleles
Messenger mRNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
17. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Ribosomes
Triplet Code
Environmental Factors
18. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Lytic Cycle
Bacteriophage
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
19. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Inducible Systems
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Codons
Antibody resistance
20. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Polypeptide Synthesis
Nonsense Mutation
Transcription
Chromosomal Breakage
21. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
RNA
Transcription
Nondisjunction
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
22. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Transcription
Transformation
Ribosomes
Transcription
23. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Gene Mutation
Crosses
Silent Mutation
24. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Mutable
Leading Strand
25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Nonsense Mutation
Transcription
Genetic Code
Complementary Base-Pairing
26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Sex Linked
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lysogenic Cycle
Translocation
27. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Inducible Systems
Semiconservative
Translation
Heredity
28. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Environmental Factors
DNA
Ribosomes
Semiconservative
29. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Mendelian Genetics
Polypeptide Synthesis
Heredity
Monocistronic
30. Adenine and guanine
Heterozygous
Synonyms
Purines
Episomes
31. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Crosses
Monohybrid Cross
RNA
Frameshift Mutation
32. New codon may be a stop codon
Transduction
Nonsense Mutation
Dominant Allele
Nucleotide
33. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Nonsense Mutation
Conjugation
Codominance
A-site
34. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Backcross
Elongation
Purines
35. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Heterozygous
DNA Replication
Inducible Systems
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
36. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Plasmid
Point Mutation
Heterozygous
Transcription
37. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Peptide Bond
Start Codon
Transformation
Codons
38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
tRNA Job
DNA Replication
Leading Strand
39. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Binary fission
Nondisjunction
P-site
40. Consists of structural genes
Promoter gene
Recessive Allele
Elongation
Operon
41. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Plasmids
Transcription
Genetic Code
Testcross
42. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Termination Codons
Punnet Square Diagram
Recombination
Filial (F generations)
43. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Autosomes
A-site
Translation
Backcross
44. Where protein synthesis occurs
Regulator Gene
Environmental Factors
Triplet Code
Ribosomes
45. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
tRNA Job
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Virulent
46. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Mutations
Synonyms
Triplet Code
Testcross
47. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Phenotype
Polypeptide Synthesis
RNA
Dominant Allele
48. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Nonsense Mutation
Heterozygous
Leading Strand
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
49. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Sex Linked
Genetics
Gene Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Point Mutation
Okazaki fragments
Transduction
Virulent