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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






2. Occurs when linked genes are separated






3. New codon may be a stop codon






4. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






5. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






6. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






7. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






8. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






9. Location of genes on DNA






10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






11. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






12. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






13. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






14. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






15. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






16. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






17. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






18. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






19. Chromosome fragment






20. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






21. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






23. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






24. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






25. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






26. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






27. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






28. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






29. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






30. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






31. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






32. Where protein synthesis occurs






33. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






34. Progeny generations






35. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






36. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






40. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






41. Individuals being crossed






42. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






43. Consists of structural genes






44. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






45. Initiation - elongation - and termination






46. Adenine and guanine






47. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






48. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






49. Cell burst






50. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell