Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






2. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






4. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






5. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






6. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






7. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






8. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






9. Individuals being crossed






10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






11. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






12. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






13. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






15. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






16. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






17. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






18. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






21. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






22. New codon may code for a different amino acid






23. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






25. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






26. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






27. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






28. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






29. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






30. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






31. New codon may be a stop codon






32. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






33. Location of genes on DNA






34. Cell burst






35. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






36. Occurs when linked genes are separated






37. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






38. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






39. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






40. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






41. Chromosome fragment






42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






43. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






44. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






45. Adenine and guanine






46. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






47. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






48. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






50. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex