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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






2. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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3. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






4. Adenine and guanine






5. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






6. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. Genetic makeup of an individual






9. Location of genes on DNA






10. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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11. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






12. Cytosine and thymine






13. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






14. Progeny generations






15. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






16. New codon may code for a different amino acid






17. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






18. Where protein synthesis occurs






19. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






20. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






21. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






22. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






23. Basic unit of heredity






24. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






25. New codon may be a stop codon






26. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






27. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






28. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






29. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






30. Individuals being crossed






31. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






32. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






33. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






34. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






35. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






36. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






37. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






38. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






39. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






40. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






41. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






42. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






43. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






44. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






45. Cell burst






46. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






47. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






48. Occurs when linked genes are separated






49. Consists of structural genes






50. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then







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