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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Short segments from lagging strand






2. Occurs when linked genes are separated






3. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






4. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






7. Where protein synthesis occurs






8. Cell burst






9. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






10. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






11. Adenine and guanine






12. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






13. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






15. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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18. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






19. Organisms that carry two different alleles






20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






21. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






22. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






24. New codon may code for a different amino acid






25. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






27. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






28. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






29. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






30. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






31. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






32. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






33. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






34. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






35. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






37. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






38. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






39. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






40. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






41. Basic unit of heredity






42. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






43. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






44. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






45. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






46. Consists of structural genes






47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






48. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






49. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






50. Progeny generations