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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






2. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






3. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






4. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






5. Consists of structural genes






6. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






7. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






8. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






9. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






10. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






11. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






12. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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13. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






15. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






16. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






17. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






18. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






19. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






20. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






22. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






24. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






25. Initiation - elongation - and termination






26. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






27. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






28. Organisms that carry two different alleles






29. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






30. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






33. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






34. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






35. Basic unit of heredity






36. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






37. Short segments from lagging strand






38. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






39. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






40. Occurs when linked genes are separated






41. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






42. Cell burst






43. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






44. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






45. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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46. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






47. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






48. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






49. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






50. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA