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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






2. Cell burst






3. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






7. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






8. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Adenine and guanine






10. Individuals being crossed






11. Consists of structural genes






12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






13. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






14. New codon may be a stop codon






15. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






16. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






17. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


18. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






21. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






22. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






23. Progeny generations






24. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






25. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






26. New codon may code for a different amino acid






27. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






28. Short segments from lagging strand






29. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






31. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






32. Organisms that carry two different alleles






33. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






34. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






35. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






38. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






39. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






40. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






42. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






45. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






46. Cytosine and thymine






47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






48. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






49. Occurs when linked genes are separated






50. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase