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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






3. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






6. Short segments from lagging strand






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






9. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






10. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






11. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






12. New codon may be a stop codon






13. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






15. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






16. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






19. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






20. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






22. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






23. Initiation - elongation - and termination






24. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






25. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






27. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






28. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






29. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






30. New codon may code for the same amino acid






31. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






34. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






36. Individuals being crossed






37. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






38. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






39. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






40. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






41. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






42. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






44. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






45. Adenine and guanine






46. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






48. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






49. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






50. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA