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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






3. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






4. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






5. Individuals being crossed






6. New codon may code for a different amino acid






7. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






9. Location of genes on DNA






10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






11. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






12. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






13. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






14. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






15. Consists of structural genes






16. Chromosome fragment






17. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






18. New codon may code for the same amino acid






19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






20. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






22. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






24. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






25. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






27. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






28. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






29. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






30. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






31. Occurs when linked genes are separated






32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






35. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






36. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






37. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






40. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






41. Where protein synthesis occurs






42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






43. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






44. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






46. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






47. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






49. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






50. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced