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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Progeny generations






2. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






3. Basic unit of heredity






4. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






5. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






6. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






7. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






8. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






9. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






10. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






11. Initiation - elongation - and termination






12. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






13. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






14. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






16. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






17. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






18. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






19. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






20. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. New codon may code for the same amino acid






23. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






24. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






25. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






28. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






31. Genetic makeup of an individual






32. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






34. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






35. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






36. New codon may be a stop codon






37. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






38. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






39. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






40. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






41. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






42. Short segments from lagging strand






43. Consists of structural genes






44. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






45. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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46. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






47. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






48. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






49. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid