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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Bacteriophage
Lytic Cycle
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Purines
2. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Binary fission
Chromosomal Breakage
Inducible Systems
Mendel's Law of Dominance
3. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Genetic Code
Gene Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
Transduction
4. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Double-Stranded Helix
Regulator Gene
Lytic Cycle
Operator Gene
5. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Translocation
Heterozygous
Mutagenic Agents
Promoter gene
6. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Dihybrid Cross
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Polyribosome
7. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Binary fission
Leading Strand
Missense Mutation
Ribosomes
8. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Parental (P Generation)
Conjugation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
9. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Missense Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Lyse
Transcription
10. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Point Mutation
Genetics
Varions
Episomes
11. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Sex Linked Recessives
Backcross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Point Mutation
12. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Transcription
Double-Stranded Helix
Nondisjunction
13. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Mutable
Monohybrid Cross
Promoter gene
14. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Translocation
RNA
Transcription
15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Frameshift Mutation
Phenotype
Double-Stranded Helix
Binary fission
16. Genetic makeup of an individual
Backcross
Genotype
Complementary Base-Pairing
Homozygous
17. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Codons
Alleles
Silent Mutation
Genetics
18. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Dihybrid Cross
Testcross
Genetics
Synonyms
19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
DNA
Messenger mRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Virulent
20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Autosomes
Promoter gene
Missense Mutation
Monocistronic
21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Leading Strand
Incomplete Dominance
Start Codon
Dihybrid Cross
22. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Mutagenic Agents
Binary fission
Bacteriophage
Inducer-Repressor Complex
23. Progeny generations
Conjugation
Semiconservative
Plasmid
Filial (F generations)
24. Basic unit of heredity
Bacterial Replication
Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
Monocistronic
25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Plasmids
Genotype
Transformation
26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Elongation
Mendelian Genetics
Plasmids
Peptide Bond
27. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Triplet Code
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Termination Codons
28. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Chromosomal Breakage
Nondisjunction
Polyribosome
DNA
29. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Complementary Base-Pairing
Repressible Systems
Operator Gene
Codons
30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Inducible Systems
Nonsense Mutation
Operator Gene
Nucleotide
31. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Inducible Systems
Heredity
Missense Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
32. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Bacteriophage
Silent Mutation
RNA
Antibody resistance
33. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Incomplete Dominance
Genetics
Lyse
DNA Replication
34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
DNA
Synonyms
P-site
Plasmid
35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Drosophila Melanogaster
Pyrimidines
Antibody resistance
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
36. Short segments from lagging strand
Heterozygous
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Okazaki fragments
Parental (P Generation)
37. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Transcription
Conjugation
Incomplete Dominance
Purines
38. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Drosophila Melanogaster
Purines
Conjugation
Lysogenic Cycle
39. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Bacteriophage
Filial (F generations)
Messenger mRNA
40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Gene
Bacteriophage
Start Codon
Bacterial Replication
41. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Lyse
Promoter gene
Triplet Code
Drosophila Melanogaster
42. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Inducible Systems
Dihybrid Cross
Bacteriophage
Purines
43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Crosses
Bacteriophage
Purines
44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Operator Gene
Frameshift Mutation
Genetics
Triplet Code
45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Start Codon
Translocation
Punnet Square Diagram
46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mutations
Backcross
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Heterozygous
47. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Codons
Recombination
Operator Gene
48. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Punnet Square Diagram
Backcross
Transcription
49. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Semiconservative
Operator Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
tRNA Job
50. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Binary fission
Peptide Bond
Start Codon
Recombination