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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiation - elongation - and termination






2. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






3. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






4. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






7. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






8. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






10. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






11. Basic unit of heredity






12. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






13. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






14. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






15. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






16. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






18. Consists of structural genes






19. Chromosome fragment






20. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






21. Where protein synthesis occurs






22. Short segments from lagging strand






23. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






25. Cell burst






26. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






27. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






29. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






30. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






31. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






32. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






33. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






34. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






35. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






37. New codon may code for the same amino acid






38. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






40. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






41. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






42. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






43. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






44. Occurs when linked genes are separated






45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






46. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






47. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






48. New codon may code for a different amino acid






49. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






50. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance