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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






2. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






3. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






4. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






5. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






6. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






7. Consists of structural genes






8. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






10. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






15. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






16. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






17. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






18. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






19. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






20. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






21. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






22. New codon may code for a different amino acid






23. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






26. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






27. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






28. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






29. Basic unit of heredity






30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






31. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






32. Cytosine and thymine






33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






34. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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35. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






36. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






37. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






38. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






39. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






40. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






41. Adenine and guanine






42. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






43. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






44. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






45. New codon may be a stop codon






46. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






47. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






48. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






49. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters







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