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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Nonsense Mutation
Mutations
Heredity
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Translation
Nondisjunction
Transformation
Complementary Base-Pairing
3. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Antibody resistance
Transduction
Heredity
Polypeptide Synthesis
4. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Genetics
Conjugation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Genotype
5. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Mutagenic Agents
Regulator Gene
Episomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
6. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Gene Mutation
Lagging Strand
Elongation
7. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Semiconservative
Recessive Allele
Alleles
Filial (F generations)
8. Where protein synthesis occurs
Okazaki fragments
Ribosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacteriophage
9. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Triplet Code
Repressible Systems
Autosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
10. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Transcription
Ribosomes
Mutagenic Agents
11. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutagenic Agents
Testcross
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
12. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Mendelian Genetics
Messenger mRNA
Bacteriophage
Virulent
13. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Leading Strand
Dihybrid Cross
Nondisjunction
14. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Nucleotide
Environmental Factors
Monocistronic
15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Environmental Factors
Phenotype
Missense Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
16. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Transcription
Dominant Allele
tRNA Job
17. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Sex Linked
Missense Mutation
Okazaki fragments
Silent Mutation
18. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lytic Cycle
A-site
19. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Synonyms
Polypeptide Synthesis
Recombination
20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Filial (F generations)
Silent Mutation
Ribosomes
21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Recombination
Okazaki fragments
Start Codon
Missense Mutation
22. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Codons
Okazaki fragments
Mendelian Genetics
Sex Linked
23. Individuals being crossed
Synonyms
Crosses
Gene
Parental (P Generation)
24. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Genetic Code
Crosses
DNA
25. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Alleles
Operator Gene
Virulent
26. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Gene
Leading Strand
Messenger mRNA
Recombination
27. Genetic makeup of an individual
Semiconservative
Pyrimidines
Genotype
Conjugation
28. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Environmental Factors
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacteriophage
Incomplete Dominance
29. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Heterozygous
Point Mutation
Operator Gene
30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Frameshift Mutation
Bacterial Genome
P-site
Drosophila Melanogaster
31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Chromosomes
Leading Strand
Translocation
Inducible Systems
32. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Dihybrid Cross
Semiconservative
Transformation
Ribosomes
33. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Homozygous
Genetic Code
Codominance
Semiconservative
34. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Transduction
Polyribosome
Heterozygous
Complementary Base-Pairing
35. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Operon
Anticodon
Backcross
Triplet Code
36. Location of genes on DNA
Okazaki fragments
Codominance
Chromosomes
Elongation
37. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Transcription
RNA
Mendelian Genetics
Bacterial Replication
38. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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39. Chromosome fragment
Synonyms
Plasmid
Dihybrid Cross
Alleles
40. Short segments from lagging strand
Sex Linked
Transformation
Okazaki fragments
Heterozygous
41. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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42. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Monocistronic
Transformation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Punnet Square Diagram
43. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Sex Linked
Lysogenic Cycle
Pyrimidines
Recessive Allele
44. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Episomes
Inducible Systems
45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
A-site
Drosophila Melanogaster
46. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Heterozygous
Pyrimidines
Homozygous
Dihybrid Cross
47. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Crosses
Codominance
Bacteriophage
Bacterial Genome
48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Operon
Translation
Mutable
Peptide Bond
49. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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50. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Codominance
Varions
Chromosomal Breakage
Messenger mRNA