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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mutagenic Agents
Phenotype
Recessive Allele
2. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Nondisjunction
Operon
Inducible Systems
3. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Semiconservative
Synonyms
Heterozygous
4. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Heredity
Plasmids
Operon
Homozygous
5. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Incomplete Dominance
Double-Stranded Helix
Sex Linked
Point Mutation
6. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Homozygous
Bacterial Replication
Regulator Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
7. Cytosine and thymine
Nondisjunction
Pyrimidines
Leading Strand
Binary fission
8. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Codons
Semiconservative
DNA Replication
Point Mutation
9. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Mendelian Genetics
Dihybrid Cross
Virulent
10. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacteriophage
Translocation
Codons
Bacterial Genome
11. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Elongation
Transcription
Start Codon
Leading Strand
12. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Virulent
Mutations
DNA Replication
13. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Nucleotide
Chromosomal Breakage
Lysogenic Cycle
Episomes
14. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Monocistronic
RNA
Punnet Square Diagram
15. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Nondisjunction
Genetic Code
Codominance
Lagging Strand
16. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Chromosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Parental (P Generation)
17. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Genetic Code
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Ribosomes
Binary fission
18. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Frameshift Mutation
Missense Mutation
Environmental Factors
RNA
19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Operator Gene
Gene
DNA
Transformation
20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Plasmid
Polypeptide Synthesis
Dihybrid Cross
21. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Polyribosome
Transcription
Autosomes
22. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
Heredity
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Virulent
23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Backcross
Ribosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
24. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Nondisjunction
Repressible Systems
Inducer-Repressor Complex
25. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Autosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Start Codon
Dominant Allele
26. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Lyse
Environmental Factors
Virulent
Recombination
27. Progeny generations
Antibody resistance
Missense Mutation
Filial (F generations)
Complementary Base-Pairing
28. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Plasmid
Messenger mRNA
DNA
29. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Heredity
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Chromosomal Breakage
Inducible Systems
30. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Translocation
RNA
Lagging Strand
Homozygous
31. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Start Codon
Heredity
Double-Stranded Helix
32. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Elongation
Alleles
Point Mutation
Anticodon
33. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Promoter gene
Virulent
P-site
Punnet Square Diagram
34. Chromosome fragment
Sex Linked
Translocation
Nondisjunction
Plasmid
35. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Chromosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
Heterozygous
tRNA Job
37. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Genetic Code
Lytic Cycle
Inducible Systems
38. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Peptide Bond
Silent Mutation
Point Mutation
39. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Monocistronic
Double-Stranded Helix
Monohybrid Cross
40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
RNA
Ribosomes
Operator Gene
Messenger mRNA
41. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Bacterial Replication
Varions
Point Mutation
42. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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43. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Messenger mRNA
Phenotype
Transcription
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
44. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Silent Mutation
Bacteriophage
Lyse
Repressible Systems
45. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Ribosomes
Double-Stranded Helix
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked Recessives
46. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Promoter gene
Recessive Allele
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
RNA
47. Cell burst
Testcross
Phenotype
Peptide Bond
Lyse
48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Virulent
tRNA Job
Filial (F generations)
Ribosomes
49. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Inducer-Repressor Complex
DNA
Monocistronic
50. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transduction
Transcription
Operator Gene
Incomplete Dominance