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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genetic makeup of an individual
Operator Gene
Genotype
Lagging Strand
Autosomes
2. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Gene Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Heterozygous
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
3. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Messenger mRNA
Polyribosome
Monocistronic
Transduction
4. Where protein synthesis occurs
Double-Stranded Helix
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Genotype
Ribosomes
5. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Double-Stranded Helix
Dominant Allele
Regulator Gene
6. Location of genes on DNA
Dihybrid Cross
Nucleotide
Chromosomes
Transcription
7. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Plasmids
Silent Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Frameshift Mutation
8. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Semiconservative
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Messenger mRNA
Purines
9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Mutagenic Agents
Virulent
Dominant Allele
Homozygous
10. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mutations
Crosses
Dihybrid Cross
11. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Monocistronic
Backcross
DNA
Dihybrid Cross
12. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Silent Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nondisjunction
Elongation
13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Transcription
Heredity
Antibody resistance
Double-Stranded Helix
14. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Autosomes
Termination Codons
Monocistronic
Promoter gene
15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Semiconservative
Sex Linked Recessives
Nucleotide
Genetics
16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Nonsense Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transcription
Testcross
17. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Virulent
Antibody resistance
RNA
18. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Nucleotide
Chromosomal Breakage
Episomes
Bacteriophage
19. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
tRNA Job
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Anticodon
Peptide Bond
20. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Frameshift Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Codons
Conjugation
21. Chromosome fragment
Bacterial Replication
Autosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
Plasmid
22. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Chromosomal Breakage
Bacterial Replication
Silent Mutation
Gene Mutation
23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Peptide Bond
Chromosomal Breakage
Codominance
24. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Homozygous
Monohybrid Cross
Peptide Bond
Pyrimidines
25. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Gene
Transcription
Monocistronic
Bacterial Genome
26. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Peptide Bond
tRNA Job
Plasmid
Termination Codons
27. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Triplet Code
Anticodon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lytic Cycle
28. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Alleles
Codons
Promoter gene
Elongation
29. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Mutagenic Agents
Repressible Systems
Antibody resistance
Transduction
30. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lysogenic Cycle
DNA
31. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Chromosomes
Mutable
Punnet Square Diagram
Monohybrid Cross
32. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Chromosomes
DNA Replication
Purines
Nonsense Mutation
33. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Chromosomal Breakage
DNA Replication
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
34. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
DNA
Translation
Operon
Episomes
35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Missense Mutation
Elongation
Autosomes
DNA
36. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Mutable
Elongation
Semiconservative
Polypeptide Synthesis
37. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Testcross
Transcription
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutagenic Agents
38. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Dihybrid Cross
Inducible Systems
Recombination
Gene Mutation
39. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
tRNA Job
Pyrimidines
Promoter gene
Crosses
40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Crosses
Purines
Homozygous
Messenger mRNA
41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Lagging Strand
Elongation
Parental (P Generation)
Sex Linked
42. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Varions
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Incomplete Dominance
43. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Transcription
Mutable
Nondisjunction
44. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Episomes
Conjugation
Environmental Factors
Lagging Strand
45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Environmental Factors
Dihybrid Cross
Start Codon
P-site
46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Missense Mutation
Genetic Code
Alleles
DNA Replication
47. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Mutable
Sex Linked
Conjugation
A-site
48. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
DNA
Point Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
Binary fission
49. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Recombination
Transcription
Incomplete Dominance
Repressible Systems
50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Nonsense Mutation
Virulent
Double-Stranded Helix
Episomes
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