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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






2. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






3. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Genetic makeup of an individual






10. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






11. New codon may be a stop codon






12. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






14. Short segments from lagging strand






15. Initiation - elongation - and termination






16. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






17. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






18. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






19. Individuals being crossed






20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






21. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






23. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






24. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






26. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






28. Cell burst






29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






30. Adenine and guanine






31. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






32. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






33. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






35. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






36. New codon may code for the same amino acid






37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






38. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






39. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






40. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






41. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






42. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






43. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






44. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






45. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






46. Chromosome fragment






47. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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48. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






49. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis