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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






2. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






3. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


4. Consists of structural genes






5. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






6. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. New codon may code for the same amino acid






11. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






12. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






13. New codon may code for a different amino acid






14. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






15. Cell burst






16. Initiation - elongation - and termination






17. Cytosine and thymine






18. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






19. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






20. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






21. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


22. Individuals being crossed






23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






24. New codon may be a stop codon






25. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






26. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






27. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






28. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






29. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






30. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






31. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






32. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






34. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






36. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






37. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






39. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






42. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






43. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






44. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






47. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


48. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






50. Occurs when linked genes are separated