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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






2. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






3. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






5. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






6. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






10. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






11. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






12. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






13. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






14. Cytosine and thymine






15. Short segments from lagging strand






16. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






17. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






18. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






21. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






22. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






23. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






24. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






25. Consists of structural genes






26. Basic unit of heredity






27. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






28. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






29. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






33. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






34. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






36. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






37. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






38. New codon may be a stop codon






39. Where protein synthesis occurs






40. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






41. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






42. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






44. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






45. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






46. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






47. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






48. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






49. Genetic makeup of an individual






50. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form