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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






2. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






3. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






4. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. Where protein synthesis occurs






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






9. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






12. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






13. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






14. Adenine and guanine






15. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






16. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






17. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






18. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






19. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






20. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






21. Organisms that carry two different alleles






22. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






23. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






24. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






25. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






26. Cell burst






27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






28. Genetic makeup of an individual






29. Cytosine and thymine






30. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






31. Location of genes on DNA






32. New codon may be a stop codon






33. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






36. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






37. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






40. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






41. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






42. Consists of structural genes






43. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






44. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






45. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






46. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






48. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






50. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins