Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






2. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






3. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






4. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






7. Chromosome fragment






8. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






9. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






10. Initiation - elongation - and termination






11. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






12. Where protein synthesis occurs






13. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






15. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






16. New codon may be a stop codon






17. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






18. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






19. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






20. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






22. New codon may code for the same amino acid






23. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






24. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


25. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






26. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






27. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






28. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






29. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






30. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






31. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






32. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






33. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






34. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






35. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






36. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






37. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






38. Location of genes on DNA






39. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






40. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






41. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






43. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






44. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






45. Progeny generations






46. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






47. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






49. Cytosine and thymine






50. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)