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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






2. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






3. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






7. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






8. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






9. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






10. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






11. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






12. Short segments from lagging strand






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






15. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






16. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






17. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






18. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






19. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






20. Basic unit of heredity






21. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






24. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






26. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






27. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






28. Chromosome fragment






29. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






30. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






31. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






32. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






33. Progeny generations






34. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






35. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






36. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






37. New codon may code for a different amino acid






38. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






39. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






40. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






41. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






43. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






44. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






45. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






46. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






47. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






48. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






49. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






50. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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