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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cytosine and thymine






2. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






5. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






6. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






7. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






8. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






10. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






11. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






12. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






13. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






14. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






15. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






16. New codon may be a stop codon






17. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






18. Initiation - elongation - and termination






19. Consists of structural genes






20. Individuals being crossed






21. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






22. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






24. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






25. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






26. Cell burst






27. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






28. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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29. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






31. Where protein synthesis occurs






32. New codon may code for the same amino acid






33. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






34. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






35. Organisms that carry two different alleles






36. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






37. Progeny generations






38. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






39. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






40. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






41. Occurs when linked genes are separated






42. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






43. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






44. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






46. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






47. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






48. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






50. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA