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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






2. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






3. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






4. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






5. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






6. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






7. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






10. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






11. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






14. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






15. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






16. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






17. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






18. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






19. New codon may code for a different amino acid






20. Adenine and guanine






21. Cytosine and thymine






22. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






23. Genetic makeup of an individual






24. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






25. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






26. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






27. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






28. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






29. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






30. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






31. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






32. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






33. New codon may be a stop codon






34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






35. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






36. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






37. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






38. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






39. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






42. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






44. Consists of structural genes






45. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






46. Individuals being crossed






47. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






48. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






49. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness







Sorry!:) No result found.

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