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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






2. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






3. Chromosome fragment






4. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






5. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






6. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






7. Short segments from lagging strand






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






10. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






11. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






12. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






13. Cell burst






14. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






15. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






16. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






17. Genetic makeup of an individual






18. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






19. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






21. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






22. Occurs when linked genes are separated






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






25. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






26. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






27. New codon may code for the same amino acid






28. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






29. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






30. Individuals being crossed






31. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






32. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






33. Consists of structural genes






34. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






36. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






38. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






39. Basic unit of heredity






40. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






41. Progeny generations






42. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






43. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






44. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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45. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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47. New codon may code for a different amino acid






48. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






49. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets







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