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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Polypeptide Synthesis
Missense Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
Episomes
2. Cell burst
Lyse
Varions
Mutagenic Agents
Alleles
3. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Complementary Base-Pairing
Polyribosome
Virulent
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Start Codon
Genetics
Semiconservative
RNA
5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Codominance
P-site
Double-Stranded Helix
Incomplete Dominance
6. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Virulent
Backcross
Recombination
Mutagenic Agents
7. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Sex Linked
Messenger mRNA
Dihybrid Cross
Monohybrid Cross
8. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Genetic Code
Mutable
Messenger mRNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
9. Adenine and guanine
P-site
Purines
Lagging Strand
Genetics
10. Individuals being crossed
Peptide Bond
Incomplete Dominance
Missense Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
11. Consists of structural genes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
A-site
Operon
Parental (P Generation)
12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Alleles
Termination Codons
P-site
Point Mutation
13. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Mutagenic Agents
Punnet Square Diagram
Translocation
14. New codon may be a stop codon
Frameshift Mutation
Triplet Code
Nonsense Mutation
Lysogenic Cycle
15. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Testcross
Dihybrid Cross
Mutagenic Agents
16. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Pyrimidines
Mutagenic Agents
Drosophila Melanogaster
Varions
17. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
18. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Ribosomes
Synonyms
Polyribosome
Sex Linked Recessives
19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Anticodon
Homozygous
A-site
Environmental Factors
20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Dominant Allele
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
21. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Translocation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Environmental Factors
Synonyms
22. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
DNA Replication
Gene
Chromosomes
Bacteriophage
23. Progeny generations
RNA
Start Codon
Filial (F generations)
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
24. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Inducible Systems
Crosses
Chromosomal Breakage
Drosophila Melanogaster
25. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Recombination
Bacteriophage
Plasmids
Monocistronic
26. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Messenger mRNA
Backcross
Sex Linked
Missense Mutation
27. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Lytic Cycle
Dihybrid Cross
28. Short segments from lagging strand
Ribosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Varions
Okazaki fragments
29. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Sex Linked
Leading Strand
Dihybrid Cross
30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Episomes
Bacterial Genome
Anticodon
Genetics
31. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Phenotype
Recombination
Repressible Systems
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
32. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Plasmid
Translation
Binary fission
Heterozygous
33. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Testcross
Crosses
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Dominant Allele
34. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Genetics
Phenotype
Lysogenic Cycle
Parental (P Generation)
35. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Crosses
Testcross
Transcription
Recombination
36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Dominant Allele
Codominance
Episomes
37. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Termination Codons
tRNA Job
Transformation
Dominant Allele
38. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Missense Mutation
Semiconservative
Transformation
Lytic Cycle
39. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Mutable
Nucleotide
Regulator Gene
Genotype
40. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Filial (F generations)
Plasmid
Chromosomal Breakage
41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Environmental Factors
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked
42. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
Varions
Genetics
43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Pyrimidines
RNA
Promoter gene
Bacterial Replication
44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Transformation
Crosses
Purines
Ribosomes
45. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Repressible Systems
Virulent
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Mendelian Genetics
46. Cytosine and thymine
Termination Codons
Pyrimidines
Mutable
Repressible Systems
47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Purines
Nondisjunction
Heredity
Recombination
48. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
tRNA Job
Mutations
Lysogenic Cycle
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
49. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Binary fission
Recessive Allele
Recombination
50. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Mendelian Genetics
Lytic Cycle
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Promoter gene