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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiation - elongation - and termination






2. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






3. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






4. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






5. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






9. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






11. Organisms that carry two different alleles






12. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






13. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






14. Consists of structural genes






15. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






16. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






17. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






18. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






19. New codon may be a stop codon






20. Cell burst






21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






23. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






24. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






26. Chromosome fragment






27. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






28. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






29. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






30. Where protein synthesis occurs






31. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






32. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






33. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






34. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






35. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






36. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






37. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






39. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






40. Location of genes on DNA






41. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






42. Cytosine and thymine






43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






44. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






45. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






47. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






48. Adenine and guanine






49. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






50. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species