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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






2. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






3. Initiation - elongation - and termination






4. Short segments from lagging strand






5. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






6. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






7. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






8. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






9. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






10. Location of genes on DNA






11. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






12. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






13. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






14. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






15. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






16. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






17. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






18. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






20. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






21. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






22. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






23. New codon may code for the same amino acid






24. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






25. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






26. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






27. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






28. Occurs when linked genes are separated






29. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






31. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






32. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






33. New codon may be a stop codon






34. Chromosome fragment






35. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






36. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






37. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






38. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






39. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






40. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






44. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






45. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






46. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






49. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters