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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Anticodon
Bacterial Genome
Complementary Base-Pairing
2. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Bacterial Genome
Backcross
Ribosomes
Sex Linked
3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Operon
Silent Mutation
Episomes
Monohybrid Cross
4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transcription
tRNA Job
Messenger mRNA
5. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Punnet Square Diagram
Start Codon
Termination Codons
6. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Messenger mRNA
Triplet Code
P-site
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
7. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Transcription
Lyse
Autosomes
8. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
tRNA Job
Homozygous
A-site
Codons
9. Individuals being crossed
Heredity
Parental (P Generation)
Transduction
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Sex Linked Recessives
Chromosomal Breakage
Missense Mutation
Messenger mRNA
11. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Bacteriophage
Double-Stranded Helix
Repressible Systems
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
12. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Regulator Gene
Heterozygous
Antibody resistance
Transduction
13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Polypeptide Synthesis
Nucleotide
DNA
Silent Mutation
14. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Environmental Factors
DNA Replication
Mutable
Purines
15. Genetic makeup of an individual
Alleles
tRNA Job
Genotype
Heredity
16. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lagging Strand
Lyse
Elongation
17. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Antibody resistance
Bacterial Genome
Lysogenic Cycle
Missense Mutation
18. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Double-Stranded Helix
Recessive Allele
Crosses
Heredity
19. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Sex Linked Recessives
Drosophila Melanogaster
20. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Plasmids
Dominant Allele
Triplet Code
Bacterial Replication
21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Lysogenic Cycle
Binary fission
Virulent
Homozygous
22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Recessive Allele
Backcross
Regulator Gene
23. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Recombination
DNA Replication
tRNA Job
Silent Mutation
24. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
RNA
Recombination
Anticodon
25. Chromosome fragment
Transcription
Plasmid
Leading Strand
Transduction
26. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Homozygous
Sex Linked
Dominant Allele
27. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
tRNA Job
Alleles
Leading Strand
Transcription
28. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Regulator Gene
Dominant Allele
Elongation
Anticodon
29. Adenine and guanine
Conjugation
Purines
Peptide Bond
Mutagenic Agents
30. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Operon
Bacterial Genome
Plasmids
Plasmid
31. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Translation
Transcription
Frameshift Mutation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
A-site
Incomplete Dominance
Homozygous
Genetics
33. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Lagging Strand
Translocation
DNA Replication
Mendel's Law of Dominance
34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Promoter gene
Sex Linked
A-site
Sex Linked Recessives
35. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Varions
Sex Linked
Mendel's Law of Dominance
P-site
36. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Environmental Factors
Virulent
Recombination
Peptide Bond
37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Ribosomes
Lagging Strand
Varions
Dominant Allele
38. Cell burst
Double-Stranded Helix
Lyse
Mutable
Point Mutation
39. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Varions
Transcription
Polyribosome
40. Occurs when linked genes are separated
RNA
Recombination
Monohybrid Cross
Environmental Factors
41. Where protein synthesis occurs
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Ribosomes
P-site
Incomplete Dominance
42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mendelian Genetics
Nucleotide
Crosses
43. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Operon
Crosses
44. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Mutations
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
Plasmid
45. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Promoter gene
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
46. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
Nonsense Mutation
Purines
Codons
47. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Leading Strand
Antibody resistance
Transduction
48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Inducible Systems
Transduction
49. Short segments from lagging strand
Mutations
Okazaki fragments
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
50. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Polyribosome
Homozygous
A-site
Testcross