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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lysogenic Cycle
Messenger mRNA
Repressible Systems
Incomplete Dominance
2. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Ribosomes
Double-Stranded Helix
Varions
Plasmids
3. Chromosome fragment
Alleles
Virulent
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Plasmid
4. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Alleles
Filial (F generations)
Leading Strand
Elongation
5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Binary fission
P-site
Bacterial Replication
Semiconservative
6. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
DNA Replication
Missense Mutation
Inducible Systems
7. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Polyribosome
P-site
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Peptide Bond
8. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Parental (P Generation)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Varions
Sex Linked Recessives
9. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Pyrimidines
Genetic Code
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
10. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Anticodon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transcription
Varions
11. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Gene Mutation
Silent Mutation
Plasmids
12. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Lytic Cycle
Plasmid
Chromosomal Breakage
13. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Gene Mutation
Triplet Code
Drosophila Melanogaster
14. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Parental (P Generation)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
15. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Lagging Strand
16. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Transformation
Silent Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Dominant Allele
17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Sex Linked
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Testcross
Codominance
18. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Peptide Bond
Repressible Systems
Monohybrid Cross
DNA
19. Where protein synthesis occurs
Codons
Ribosomes
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacteriophage
20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Gene Mutation
Transduction
Regulator Gene
Plasmids
21. New codon may be a stop codon
Homozygous
Nonsense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lagging Strand
22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Inducible Systems
Virulent
Heredity
23. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Virulent
Regulator Gene
Nucleotide
24. Location of genes on DNA
Incomplete Dominance
Lytic Cycle
Chromosomes
Okazaki fragments
25. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
A-site
Lyse
Sex Linked
Incomplete Dominance
26. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Punnet Square Diagram
Operator Gene
Recombination
Promoter gene
27. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Mutable
Termination Codons
Polypeptide Synthesis
Virulent
28. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Translation
Genotype
Chromosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
29. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Genetic Code
P-site
Episomes
30. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Punnet Square Diagram
Triplet Code
Polyribosome
Bacterial Replication
31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Anticodon
Pyrimidines
Lyse
Inducible Systems
32. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Ribosomes
Translation
Chromosomal Breakage
Testcross
33. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Codominance
Monocistronic
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nucleotide
34. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Ribosomes
Double-Stranded Helix
Virulent
35. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Translocation
Sex Linked
Synonyms
Genetic Code
36. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
DNA Replication
Genotype
Repressible Systems
Conjugation
37. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Codominance
Ribosomes
Environmental Factors
38. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Leading Strand
Peptide Bond
Heterozygous
39. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Dominant Allele
Mutations
Semiconservative
40. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Monohybrid Cross
Autosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Bacteriophage
41. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Promoter gene
Double-Stranded Helix
Genetics
Transcription
42. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Episomes
Leading Strand
A-site
43. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transformation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Translocation
44. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Promoter gene
Transformation
Sex Linked
Frameshift Mutation
45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Termination Codons
Anticodon
Drosophila Melanogaster
Repressible Systems
46. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
P-site
Backcross
Lagging Strand
Conjugation
47. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Testcross
Point Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
48. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Point Mutation
Inducible Systems
Synonyms
49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Sex Linked
Transformation
Mutagenic Agents
50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Nucleotide
Plasmid
Transduction
Varions