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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






2. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






3. Basic unit of heredity






4. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






5. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






6. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






7. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






8. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






9. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






11. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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12. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






14. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






16. Organisms that carry two different alleles






17. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






18. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






19. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






20. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






21. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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22. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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23. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






26. New codon may be a stop codon






27. Short segments from lagging strand






28. Individuals being crossed






29. Location of genes on DNA






30. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






31. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






32. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






33. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






34. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






35. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






36. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






37. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






38. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






39. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






42. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






43. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






44. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






45. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






46. Cell burst






47. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






48. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






49. Occurs when linked genes are separated






50. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins