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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






2. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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4. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






6. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






7. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






8. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






9. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






12. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






13. Chromosome fragment






14. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






15. New codon may code for a different amino acid






16. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






17. Progeny generations






18. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






20. Cytosine and thymine






21. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






22. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






23. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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24. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






26. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






29. New codon may be a stop codon






30. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






31. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






32. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






33. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






34. Short segments from lagging strand






35. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






36. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






37. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






38. Cell burst






39. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






40. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






44. New codon may code for the same amino acid






45. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






46. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






47. Consists of structural genes






48. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






49. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






50. Where protein synthesis occurs