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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Short segments from lagging strand






2. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






3. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






4. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






5. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






6. Cytosine and thymine






7. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






8. Chromosome fragment






9. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






10. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






11. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






12. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






13. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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16. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






17. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






18. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






19. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






20. Basic unit of heredity






21. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






22. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






24. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






26. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






27. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






28. Occurs when linked genes are separated






29. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






30. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






31. Genetic makeup of an individual






32. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






34. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






35. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






36. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






37. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






38. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






40. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






41. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






42. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






43. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






44. Location of genes on DNA






45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






46. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






47. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






48. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






50. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription