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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






2. Initiation - elongation - and termination






3. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






4. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






5. Progeny generations






6. Short segments from lagging strand






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. Chromosome fragment






9. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






10. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






11. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






12. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






13. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






14. Genetic makeup of an individual






15. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






16. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






17. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






18. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






19. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






20. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






21. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






24. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






25. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






26. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






27. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






30. Individuals being crossed






31. Cell burst






32. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






33. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






34. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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35. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






37. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






38. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






39. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Organisms that carry two different alleles






41. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






44. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






45. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






46. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






47. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






48. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






49. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






50. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes