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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






2. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






4. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






5. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






6. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






9. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






10. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






11. Location of genes on DNA






12. Initiation - elongation - and termination






13. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






14. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






15. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






16. Where protein synthesis occurs






17. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






20. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






21. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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22. Basic unit of heredity






23. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






24. Occurs when linked genes are separated






25. Progeny generations






26. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






27. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






28. New codon may code for the same amino acid






29. New codon may code for a different amino acid






30. Short segments from lagging strand






31. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






32. Organisms that carry two different alleles






33. Genetic makeup of an individual






34. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






36. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






40. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






41. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






42. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






43. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






44. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






47. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






48. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






49. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells