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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






2. Adenine and guanine






3. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






4. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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6. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






7. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






8. Cell burst






9. New codon may code for the same amino acid






10. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






11. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






12. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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15. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






16. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






17. Short segments from lagging strand






18. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






21. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






23. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






24. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






26. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






27. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






28. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






29. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






30. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






32. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






33. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






34. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






35. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






36. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






37. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






38. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






39. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






40. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






41. New codon may be a stop codon






42. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






43. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






45. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






46. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






47. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






48. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






49. Basic unit of heredity






50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors