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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






4. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






6. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






7. Consists of structural genes






8. Occurs when linked genes are separated






9. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






10. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






11. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






13. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






16. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






18. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






19. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






20. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






21. Genetic makeup of an individual






22. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






23. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






25. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






26. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






27. Initiation - elongation - and termination






28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






29. Cytosine and thymine






30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






31. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






32. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






33. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






36. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






37. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






38. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






39. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






40. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






41. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






42. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






46. Short segments from lagging strand






47. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






48. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






49. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis