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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






2. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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3. New codon may be a stop codon






4. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






5. Cytosine and thymine






6. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






7. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






8. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






9. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






10. Organisms that carry two different alleles






11. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






12. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






13. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






16. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






17. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






18. Adenine and guanine






19. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






20. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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21. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






22. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. Where protein synthesis occurs






25. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






26. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






27. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. Short segments from lagging strand






30. Consists of structural genes






31. Individuals being crossed






32. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






33. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






36. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






37. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






38. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






39. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






40. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






41. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






42. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






43. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






44. New codon may code for the same amino acid






45. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






46. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






47. Cell burst






48. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






49. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






50. Location of genes on DNA







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