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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






5. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






6. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






7. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






8. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






9. Individuals being crossed






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






12. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






14. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






15. Genetic makeup of an individual






16. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






17. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






18. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






19. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






20. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






23. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






24. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






25. Chromosome fragment






26. Location of genes on DNA






27. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






28. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






29. Adenine and guanine






30. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






31. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






33. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






35. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






36. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






38. Cell burst






39. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






40. Occurs when linked genes are separated






41. Where protein synthesis occurs






42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






43. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






44. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






45. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






46. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






47. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






49. Short segments from lagging strand






50. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter