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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Autosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
Synonyms
2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Triplet Code
Codominance
Bacterial Replication
Transcription
3. Basic unit of heredity
Lyse
Pyrimidines
Gene
Leading Strand
4. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Transformation
Virulent
Genetic Code
Environmental Factors
5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
Sex Linked Recessives
Polypeptide Synthesis
Chromosomes
6. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Chromosomal Breakage
Codominance
DNA
Ribosomes
7. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Episomes
Environmental Factors
Operator Gene
8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Monohybrid Cross
Punnet Square Diagram
P-site
9. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Operon
Purines
Ribosomes
10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Varions
Triplet Code
Crosses
Regulator Gene
11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Inducible Systems
Parental (P Generation)
P-site
12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Gene
Alleles
RNA
Complementary Base-Pairing
13. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Sex Linked Recessives
Lytic Cycle
Translocation
Incomplete Dominance
14. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Start Codon
Inducible Systems
Nucleotide
Genotype
15. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Silent Mutation
16. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Mutagenic Agents
P-site
Sex Linked Recessives
17. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Ribosomes
Silent Mutation
Anticodon
Polypeptide Synthesis
18. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Gene Mutation
Inducible Systems
Ribosomes
Antibody resistance
19. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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20. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Nonsense Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Messenger mRNA
Ribosomes
22. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Codons
Chromosomes
23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Environmental Factors
A-site
Heredity
24. Cell burst
Dihybrid Cross
Lyse
Anticodon
Silent Mutation
25. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Monohybrid Cross
Termination Codons
26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Inducible Systems
DNA Replication
Missense Mutation
Monocistronic
27. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Testcross
Termination Codons
Pyrimidines
28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Testcross
Environmental Factors
Heredity
Lagging Strand
29. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Synonyms
Mendelian Genetics
Bacterial Genome
RNA
30. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Leading Strand
Nonsense Mutation
Dominant Allele
31. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Nucleotide
Transcription
Testcross
Environmental Factors
32. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Elongation
Transcription
Bacteriophage
33. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Plasmid
Start Codon
Frameshift Mutation
Codons
34. Progeny generations
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Filial (F generations)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mutable
35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
DNA
Messenger mRNA
Operator Gene
Mutagenic Agents
36. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Lyse
Translation
Peptide Bond
Messenger mRNA
37. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Varions
DNA Replication
Mutations
38. Adenine and guanine
Synonyms
Frameshift Mutation
Purines
Phenotype
39. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Homozygous
Transformation
Elongation
Transduction
40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Anticodon
Mutable
Filial (F generations)
Silent Mutation
41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Environmental Factors
Phenotype
Transcription
Sex Linked
42. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Parental (P Generation)
Gene Mutation
Anticodon
Semiconservative
43. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Semiconservative
Transcription
44. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Punnet Square Diagram
Virulent
Transcription
Missense Mutation
45. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Genetic Code
tRNA Job
Backcross
Transcription
46. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Monohybrid Cross
Episomes
Transcription
Parental (P Generation)
47. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Leading Strand
Messenger mRNA
Autosomes
48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Plasmids
Ribosomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Termination Codons
Backcross
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
50. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Operon
Chromosomes
Pyrimidines
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