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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






2. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






5. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






8. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






10. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






12. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






13. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






14. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






15. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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16. Progeny generations






17. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






18. Short segments from lagging strand






19. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






20. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






21. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






22. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






23. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






24. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






25. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






29. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






31. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






32. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






34. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






36. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






38. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. New codon may be a stop codon






40. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






42. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






43. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






44. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






47. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






48. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






50. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter