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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Filial (F generations)
Antibody resistance
Silent Mutation
Dominant Allele
2. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Polypeptide Synthesis
Backcross
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
3. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Nucleotide
Monohybrid Cross
Codons
tRNA Job
4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Drosophila Melanogaster
Sex Linked Recessives
Plasmids
Conjugation
5. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Transduction
Alleles
Drosophila Melanogaster
6. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Drosophila Melanogaster
Dominant Allele
Purines
Translocation
7. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Ribosomes
Lagging Strand
Promoter gene
Testcross
8. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Drosophila Melanogaster
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Monohybrid Cross
Incomplete Dominance
9. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Mendelian Genetics
Translation
Promoter gene
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
10. Consists of structural genes
Messenger mRNA
Start Codon
Operon
RNA
11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lytic Cycle
A-site
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
12. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Homozygous
Backcross
Bacterial Replication
13. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Transduction
Crosses
Episomes
Filial (F generations)
14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
P-site
A-site
Gene Mutation
Semiconservative
15. Location of genes on DNA
Recombination
Chromosomes
Monocistronic
Crosses
16. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Drosophila Melanogaster
Pyrimidines
Double-Stranded Helix
Transformation
17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Monohybrid Cross
Mutagenic Agents
Transformation
Testcross
18. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Sex Linked Recessives
Incomplete Dominance
Purines
Backcross
19. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Repressible Systems
Transformation
Genetic Code
20. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Operator Gene
Bacterial Replication
Ribosomes
Translation
21. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Missense Mutation
Repressible Systems
Transcription
Frameshift Mutation
22. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Varions
Recessive Allele
Promoter gene
Translation
23. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Environmental Factors
Backcross
Synonyms
Mutable
24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Nondisjunction
Missense Mutation
Heredity
25. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Polyribosome
Genetic Code
Bacterial Replication
26. Genetic makeup of an individual
DNA
Genotype
Lyse
Ribosomes
27. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Parental (P Generation)
Backcross
Codons
Plasmids
28. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Recessive Allele
tRNA Job
Nondisjunction
29. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Monocistronic
Testcross
Sex Linked
30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Ribosomes
Genetic Code
31. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Ribosomes
32. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Start Codon
Regulator Gene
Transcription
Polyribosome
33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Repressible Systems
Testcross
Okazaki fragments
Start Codon
34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Genotype
Binary fission
Gene Mutation
Regulator Gene
35. New codon may be a stop codon
Backcross
Recombination
Nonsense Mutation
Testcross
36. Basic unit of heredity
Varions
Lysogenic Cycle
Termination Codons
Gene
37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Lagging Strand
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transduction
Nondisjunction
38. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Heterozygous
tRNA Job
Triplet Code
39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Episomes
Semiconservative
Heredity
Messenger mRNA
40. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Missense Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
Transduction
41. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Virulent
Homozygous
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Episomes
42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
A-site
Drosophila Melanogaster
Nucleotide
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
43. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Alleles
Environmental Factors
Repressible Systems
Sex Linked Recessives
44. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Genotype
Translocation
Conjugation
Translation
45. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Genetic Code
Bacteriophage
Sex Linked
Mendel's Law of Dominance
46. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Okazaki fragments
DNA Replication
Chromosomes
Triplet Code
47. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Regulator Gene
Filial (F generations)
Bacterial Replication
48. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Semiconservative
Nonsense Mutation
Binary fission
Monohybrid Cross
49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Environmental Factors
Dihybrid Cross
Nonsense Mutation
Transcription
50. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
P-site
Peptide Bond
Okazaki fragments