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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Mutable
DNA Replication
Promoter gene
Genetic Code
2. Individuals being crossed
Lyse
Parental (P Generation)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacterial Genome
3. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Testcross
Bacterial Replication
Sex Linked
Operator Gene
4. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Sex Linked Recessives
Nucleotide
Varions
5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Varions
Dihybrid Cross
Repressible Systems
RNA
6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Transcription
Genetics
Ribosomes
7. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Complementary Base-Pairing
Codons
Silent Mutation
Crosses
8. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transduction
Double-Stranded Helix
Ribosomes
9. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Polypeptide Synthesis
Polyribosome
Semiconservative
Lyse
10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Plasmid
Nucleotide
Transcription
Purines
11. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Chromosomal Breakage
Sex Linked Recessives
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutations
12. Genetic makeup of an individual
Promoter gene
Genotype
Chromosomal Breakage
Messenger mRNA
13. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Okazaki fragments
Parental (P Generation)
14. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Anticodon
Operon
Lagging Strand
15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Leading Strand
Mutations
Polyribosome
Nondisjunction
16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Point Mutation
Recessive Allele
Transformation
Synonyms
17. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Alleles
Filial (F generations)
Homozygous
Episomes
18. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Nonsense Mutation
Transduction
Dihybrid Cross
Lytic Cycle
19. Cell burst
Crosses
Plasmids
Codominance
Lyse
20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Codominance
Crosses
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Peptide Bond
21. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Codominance
Punnet Square Diagram
Repressible Systems
Crosses
22. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Binary fission
Lagging Strand
Episomes
Autosomes
23. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Plasmids
Genetic Code
Codons
Polyribosome
24. Location of genes on DNA
Gene Mutation
DNA Replication
Chromosomes
Lagging Strand
25. New codon may be a stop codon
Filial (F generations)
Transformation
Recombination
Nonsense Mutation
26. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Heredity
Testcross
Episomes
Start Codon
27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Binary fission
Virulent
Start Codon
Complementary Base-Pairing
28. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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29. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Recombination
Point Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Gene
30. Short segments from lagging strand
Regulator Gene
Okazaki fragments
Synonyms
DNA
31. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Alleles
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
32. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Silent Mutation
Triplet Code
Translation
Phenotype
33. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Mutagenic Agents
Monohybrid Cross
Anticodon
Chromosomes
34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
DNA Replication
Purines
Transduction
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
35. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mutations
Parental (P Generation)
Bacteriophage
Missense Mutation
36. Chromosome fragment
Repressible Systems
Plasmid
Lyse
Parental (P Generation)
37. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Heredity
Double-Stranded Helix
Incomplete Dominance
Punnet Square Diagram
38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Antibody resistance
Ribosomes
A-site
Transcription
39. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Polyribosome
Environmental Factors
Incomplete Dominance
Nucleotide
40. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Varions
Sex Linked
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
tRNA Job
41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Plasmids
Okazaki fragments
Lytic Cycle
Transformation
42. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Bacterial Replication
P-site
Alleles
DNA Replication
43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Bacteriophage
44. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
RNA
Operator Gene
Mutagenic Agents
Drosophila Melanogaster
45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Pyrimidines
Drosophila Melanogaster
Gene
46. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Frameshift Mutation
Recombination
Peptide Bond
Inducible Systems
47. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Plasmids
Okazaki fragments
Ribosomes
48. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
RNA
Homozygous
Chromosomes
49. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Silent Mutation
Transformation
Chromosomal Breakage
Virulent
50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Operator Gene
Gene
A-site