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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Silent Mutation
Codons
Punnet Square Diagram
2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Genetic Code
Monocistronic
Polyribosome
3. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Crosses
Homozygous
DNA
Repressible Systems
4. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Gene Mutation
Dominant Allele
Lagging Strand
Conjugation
5. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Silent Mutation
Chromosomes
Transcription
6. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Recessive Allele
Bacteriophage
Transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
7. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Polyribosome
Gene
Bacteriophage
Leading Strand
8. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Virulent
Complementary Base-Pairing
Inducible Systems
Phenotype
9. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Translocation
Transduction
Binary fission
Purines
10. Short segments from lagging strand
Phenotype
Double-Stranded Helix
Nondisjunction
Okazaki fragments
11. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Binary fission
Drosophila Melanogaster
Termination Codons
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Translation
Operon
Point Mutation
Pyrimidines
13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Alleles
Leading Strand
Nonsense Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
14. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
P-site
Operator Gene
Backcross
Episomes
15. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Anticodon
Lysogenic Cycle
Mutagenic Agents
Regulator Gene
16. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Elongation
Nucleotide
Regulator Gene
Codons
17. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Repressible Systems
Bacterial Genome
Ribosomes
18. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Ribosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Antibody resistance
19. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Mutations
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendelian Genetics
20. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Testcross
P-site
Translation
Operon
21. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Operon
Plasmid
Phenotype
22. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Operon
Transcription
Operator Gene
Anticodon
23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Double-Stranded Helix
Varions
Backcross
Dominant Allele
24. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Genetic Code
Codons
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
25. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Mendelian Genetics
A-site
Plasmids
Homozygous
26. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
tRNA Job
Transduction
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
27. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Dihybrid Cross
Polypeptide Synthesis
P-site
28. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Chromosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Leading Strand
Mendelian Genetics
29. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Bacterial Genome
Heterozygous
Gene
Sex Linked
30. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Gene
Lyse
Homozygous
Missense Mutation
31. Consists of structural genes
Missense Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Inducible Systems
Operon
32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Start Codon
Lytic Cycle
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Silent Mutation
33. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Nondisjunction
Dominant Allele
Synonyms
Homozygous
34. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Codominance
Double-Stranded Helix
Virulent
35. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
36. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Transcription
Drosophila Melanogaster
tRNA Job
Episomes
37. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Conjugation
Lagging Strand
RNA
38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Genetic Code
Plasmids
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Varions
39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lagging Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
40. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Double-Stranded Helix
Mutagenic Agents
Phenotype
Alleles
41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Lytic Cycle
Environmental Factors
Recessive Allele
Chromosomal Breakage
42. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Chromosomes
Antibody resistance
tRNA Job
43. Location of genes on DNA
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Translation
Synonyms
44. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Translocation
Bacterial Genome
Environmental Factors
Frameshift Mutation
45. New codon may be a stop codon
RNA
Parental (P Generation)
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
46. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Codominance
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
DNA Replication
Okazaki fragments
47. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Heterozygous
Double-Stranded Helix
Virulent
Mutable
48. Cytosine and thymine
Polyribosome
Homozygous
Conjugation
Pyrimidines
49. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Environmental Factors
Binary fission
Lytic Cycle
Point Mutation
50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Gene Mutation
Genetics
Recessive Allele
Virulent