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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






2. Adenine and guanine






3. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






4. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






5. New codon may code for the same amino acid






6. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






7. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






8. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






9. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






10. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






11. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






12. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






13. Initiation - elongation - and termination






14. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






15. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






16. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






17. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






19. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






20. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






21. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






22. Where protein synthesis occurs






23. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






24. Genetic makeup of an individual






25. Progeny generations






26. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






27. Location of genes on DNA






28. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






29. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






30. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






31. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






32. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






33. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






34. Occurs when linked genes are separated






35. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






36. New codon may be a stop codon






37. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






38. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






39. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






40. Cell burst






41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






43. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


44. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






45. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






46. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






47. Consists of structural genes






48. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






49. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






50. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon