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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Frameshift Mutation
Leading Strand
Operon
2. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Lytic Cycle
Start Codon
Crosses
Environmental Factors
3. Adenine and guanine
Recombination
Mutagenic Agents
Phenotype
Purines
4. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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5. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Gene
Alleles
RNA
6. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacterial Genome
DNA Replication
Repressible Systems
7. Chromosome fragment
RNA
Plasmid
Operator Gene
Mutable
8. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Heredity
Mutations
Nucleotide
Double-Stranded Helix
9. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bacteriophage
Peptide Bond
Binary fission
10. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Dominant Allele
Codons
Termination Codons
Backcross
11. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Missense Mutation
Operator Gene
tRNA Job
Punnet Square Diagram
12. Progeny generations
Repressible Systems
Start Codon
Filial (F generations)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
13. Cell burst
Silent Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
Lyse
Promoter gene
14. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Synonyms
15. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Homozygous
Polyribosome
Complementary Base-Pairing
16. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Repressible Systems
Crosses
Promoter gene
Frameshift Mutation
17. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Gene
Ribosomes
Dominant Allele
Silent Mutation
18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Okazaki fragments
Dihybrid Cross
Missense Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
19. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
DNA
Okazaki fragments
Genetics
20. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Alleles
Nonsense Mutation
Phenotype
21. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Plasmids
Episomes
Lyse
22. Basic unit of heredity
Alleles
Gene
Codons
Sex Linked
23. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Operon
Polypeptide Synthesis
Nondisjunction
Repressible Systems
24. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Virulent
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Alleles
Recombination
25. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lyse
Operon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
26. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Backcross
Virulent
Ribosomes
Phenotype
27. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Mendelian Genetics
Sex Linked Recessives
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
28. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Elongation
Operon
Termination Codons
29. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Recombination
Lagging Strand
Binary fission
Elongation
30. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Transduction
Sex Linked
Missense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
31. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Complementary Base-Pairing
Messenger mRNA
Mutations
32. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Crosses
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Episomes
Incomplete Dominance
33. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Gene Mutation
Episomes
Conjugation
Nondisjunction
34. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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35. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Regulator Gene
Lytic Cycle
Bacteriophage
36. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Regulator Gene
Heterozygous
Plasmid
Codominance
37. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Chromosomes
Semiconservative
Sex Linked Recessives
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
38. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Gene
Varions
Genotype
Environmental Factors
39. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
RNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Pyrimidines
Silent Mutation
40. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Transcription
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Okazaki fragments
Monohybrid Cross
41. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Missense Mutation
Mutable
A-site
Nucleotide
42. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Ribosomes
Transformation
Recessive Allele
Triplet Code
43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Regulator Gene
Gene Mutation
Missense Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
44. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Monocistronic
Triplet Code
Heredity
Elongation
45. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Dominant Allele
Double-Stranded Helix
Mendelian Genetics
Genotype
46. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Sex Linked
Anticodon
Bacterial Replication
DNA Replication
47. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Elongation
P-site
Bacterial Genome
Drosophila Melanogaster
48. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Alleles
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
P-site
Silent Mutation
49. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Phenotype
Point Mutation
Genetic Code
Translocation
50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Anticodon
Varions
Start Codon
Ribosomes