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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity
Peptide Bond
Genetic Code
Transcription
Gene
2. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Homozygous
Codons
Binary fission
Autosomes
3. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Start Codon
Leading Strand
Mendelian Genetics
Codominance
4. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Ribosomes
Gene
Crosses
5. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Peptide Bond
Varions
Environmental Factors
6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Nondisjunction
Regulator Gene
Double-Stranded Helix
7. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Triplet Code
Plasmids
Dihybrid Cross
Environmental Factors
8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Recombination
Peptide Bond
Environmental Factors
Nondisjunction
9. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Ribosomes
Transcription
Messenger mRNA
Recombination
10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Incomplete Dominance
Ribosomes
Genetics
Synonyms
11. Genetic makeup of an individual
Synonyms
Crosses
Drosophila Melanogaster
Genotype
12. Individuals being crossed
Ribosomes
Parental (P Generation)
Heredity
Plasmids
13. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Bacteriophage
DNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
14. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Repressible Systems
Heterozygous
Lyse
DNA
15. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Start Codon
Genetic Code
Mutable
Polypeptide Synthesis
16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Operon
tRNA Job
Punnet Square Diagram
17. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Lysogenic Cycle
Sex Linked Recessives
Drosophila Melanogaster
Filial (F generations)
18. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Backcross
Nondisjunction
Point Mutation
19. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Gene
Lytic Cycle
Virulent
Silent Mutation
20. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Triplet Code
Plasmids
RNA
Monohybrid Cross
21. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Bacterial Replication
Transcription
Codons
Gene
22. Cytosine and thymine
Incomplete Dominance
Pyrimidines
Codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
23. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Nucleotide
Gene Mutation
Crosses
Genetic Code
24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Silent Mutation
Recombination
25. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Lysogenic Cycle
Genetics
Gene Mutation
26. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Messenger mRNA
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
P-site
Filial (F generations)
27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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28. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Termination Codons
Conjugation
DNA
Lysogenic Cycle
29. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Messenger mRNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
Missense Mutation
30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Virulent
Complementary Base-Pairing
Nucleotide
Lagging Strand
31. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Semiconservative
Mendelian Genetics
Recombination
Inducer-Repressor Complex
32. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Transformation
Heterozygous
Genotype
33. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Gene
Regulator Gene
Point Mutation
Antibody resistance
34. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Ribosomes
Okazaki fragments
Sex Linked
35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Episomes
Lagging Strand
Ribosomes
Polyribosome
36. Progeny generations
Ribosomes
Recessive Allele
Parental (P Generation)
Filial (F generations)
37. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Episomes
Genotype
Bacterial Genome
38. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Operon
Heredity
Operator Gene
Plasmid
39. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Operator Gene
Monohybrid Cross
Gene Mutation
Autosomes
40. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Codominance
Ribosomes
Antibody resistance
Filial (F generations)
41. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Nonsense Mutation
Start Codon
Frameshift Mutation
Genetics
42. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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43. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Genotype
Heterozygous
Translocation
Gene
44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Promoter gene
Triplet Code
Semiconservative
Episomes
45. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Alleles
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Drosophila Melanogaster
Punnet Square Diagram
46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Homozygous
Antibody resistance
DNA Replication
47. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Sex Linked Recessives
DNA Replication
Recombination
Mendel's Law of Dominance
48. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bacterial Genome
Elongation
Monocistronic
49. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
50. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Backcross
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transcription