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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid






2. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






4. Occurs when linked genes are separated






5. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






7. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






8. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






9. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






10. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






11. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






12. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






13. Cytosine and thymine






14. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






15. Genetic makeup of an individual






16. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






17. Chromosome fragment






18. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






19. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






20. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






21. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






22. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






23. Progeny generations






24. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






27. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






28. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






29. Initiation - elongation - and termination






30. Adenine and guanine






31. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






32. New codon may be a stop codon






33. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






34. Short segments from lagging strand






35. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






36. Organisms that carry two different alleles






37. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






39. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






40. Consists of structural genes






41. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






42. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






43. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






44. Where protein synthesis occurs






45. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






46. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






47. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






48. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






49. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells