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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






2. Cell burst






3. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






4. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






5. Progeny generations






6. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






7. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






10. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






11. New codon may code for a different amino acid






12. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






13. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






14. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






15. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






16. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






17. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






18. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






19. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






21. Initiation - elongation - and termination






22. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






25. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






26. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






28. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






29. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






30. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






32. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






34. Consists of structural genes






35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






36. New codon may code for the same amino acid






37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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39. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






40. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






42. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






43. Occurs when linked genes are separated






44. Chromosome fragment






45. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






46. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






47. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






48. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






49. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors