Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of structural genes






2. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






3. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






4. Organisms that carry two different alleles






5. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






6. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






7. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






8. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






9. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






10. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






11. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






12. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






13. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






15. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






16. Progeny generations






17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






18. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






19. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






20. Cytosine and thymine






21. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






22. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






23. Occurs when linked genes are separated






24. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






25. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






26. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






27. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






28. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






29. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






31. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






32. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






33. Where protein synthesis occurs






34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






36. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






37. Basic unit of heredity






38. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






39. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






40. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






43. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






44. Individuals being crossed






45. Adenine and guanine






46. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






47. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






48. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






49. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






50. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription