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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






2. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






5. Genetic makeup of an individual






6. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






7. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






9. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






10. Progeny generations






11. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






13. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






15. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






16. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


17. Initiation - elongation - and termination






18. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






20. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






21. New codon may be a stop codon






22. New codon may code for the same amino acid






23. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






24. Occurs when linked genes are separated






25. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






26. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






27. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






28. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






29. Adenine and guanine






30. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






32. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






33. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






34. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






35. Where protein synthesis occurs






36. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






37. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






38. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






41. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






42. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






43. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






44. Basic unit of heredity






45. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






46. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






47. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






48. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






49. Location of genes on DNA






50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection