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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






2. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






3. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






4. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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6. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






7. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






8. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






11. Adenine and guanine






12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






13. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






14. Individuals being crossed






15. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






16. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






17. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






18. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






21. Occurs when linked genes are separated






22. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






24. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






25. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






27. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






28. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






29. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






30. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






31. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






32. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






33. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






35. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






36. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






37. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






38. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






40. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






44. Consists of structural genes






45. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






46. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






49. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






50. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA







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