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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






5. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. Cell burst






8. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






10. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






11. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






12. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






13. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






14. Basic unit of heredity






15. Individuals being crossed






16. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






17. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






18. Consists of structural genes






19. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






20. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






21. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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23. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






24. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






25. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






27. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






28. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






29. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






31. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






32. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






33. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






35. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






36. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






37. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






39. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






40. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






43. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






44. Adenine and guanine






45. Initiation - elongation - and termination






46. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






47. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






48. Occurs when linked genes are separated






49. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






50. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex







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