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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






3. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






4. Cytosine and thymine






5. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


7. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






8. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






9. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






10. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






11. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Short segments from lagging strand






14. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






15. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






16. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






17. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






18. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






19. Location of genes on DNA






20. Occurs when linked genes are separated






21. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






22. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






23. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






25. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






26. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






27. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






28. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






29. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






31. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






32. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






33. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






34. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






36. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






37. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






38. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






39. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






40. Basic unit of heredity






41. Chromosome fragment






42. Where protein synthesis occurs






43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






44. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






45. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






46. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






47. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






48. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






49. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters