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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






2. Where protein synthesis occurs






3. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






6. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






8. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






9. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






10. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






12. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






13. New codon may be a stop codon






14. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






15. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






18. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






19. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






20. Organisms that carry two different alleles






21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






22. Adenine and guanine






23. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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24. Consists of structural genes






25. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






27. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






28. Cytosine and thymine






29. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






30. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






31. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






33. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






34. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






35. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






38. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






39. Occurs when linked genes are separated






40. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






41. Individuals being crossed






42. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






43. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






44. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






45. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






46. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






47. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






48. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






49. Cell burst






50. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle