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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






3. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






5. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






6. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






7. New codon may code for a different amino acid






8. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






10. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






11. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






12. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






13. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






15. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






16. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






18. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






19. Basic unit of heredity






20. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






21. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






22. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






23. Chromosome fragment






24. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






27. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






28. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






29. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






30. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






31. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






32. Adenine and guanine






33. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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34. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






35. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






36. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






37. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






38. Short segments from lagging strand






39. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






42. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






43. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






44. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






45. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






46. Progeny generations






47. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






48. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






49. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






50. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)