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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Short segments from lagging strand






2. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






3. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






4. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






5. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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7. Consists of structural genes






8. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






12. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






13. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






14. Cell burst






15. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






16. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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17. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






18. Initiation - elongation - and termination






19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






24. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






25. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






27. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






28. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






29. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






30. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






31. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






32. New codon may code for a different amino acid






33. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






36. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






37. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






38. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






39. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






41. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






42. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






43. Organisms that carry two different alleles






44. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






45. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






46. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






47. Location of genes on DNA






48. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






49. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






50. New codon may be a stop codon