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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






2. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






3. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






4. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






5. Basic unit of heredity






6. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






7. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






9. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






10. Individuals being crossed






11. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






12. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






13. Chromosome fragment






14. Where protein synthesis occurs






15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






18. Short segments from lagging strand






19. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






20. Initiation - elongation - and termination






21. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






23. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






24. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






25. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






26. New codon may code for a different amino acid






27. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






28. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






29. New codon may be a stop codon






30. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






31. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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32. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






33. Organisms that carry two different alleles






34. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






35. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






36. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






37. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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38. New codon may code for the same amino acid






39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






40. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






41. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






42. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






43. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






44. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






45. Adenine and guanine






46. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






47. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






50. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments







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