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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where protein synthesis occurs






2. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






3. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






4. Chromosome fragment






5. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






6. Location of genes on DNA






7. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






8. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


9. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






10. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






11. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






12. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






13. Consists of structural genes






14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


15. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






16. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






17. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


18. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






19. Genetic makeup of an individual






20. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






21. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






22. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






23. Initiation - elongation - and termination






24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. New codon may code for the same amino acid






26. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






27. Individuals being crossed






28. New codon may code for a different amino acid






29. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






31. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






32. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






33. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. Cell burst






36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






37. Adenine and guanine






38. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






39. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






40. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






42. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






43. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






44. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






45. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






46. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






47. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






49. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)