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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






2. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






3. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






4. New codon may be a stop codon






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






7. Cytosine and thymine






8. Location of genes on DNA






9. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






10. Progeny generations






11. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






12. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






13. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. New codon may code for a different amino acid






16. Cell burst






17. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






18. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






20. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






21. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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22. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






23. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






24. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






25. Occurs when linked genes are separated






26. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






27. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






28. Chromosome fragment






29. Organisms that carry two different alleles






30. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






31. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






32. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






33. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






34. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






35. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






36. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






37. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






38. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






39. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






40. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






41. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






42. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






45. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






46. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






47. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






48. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






49. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters