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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromosome fragment






2. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






3. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






4. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






5. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






6. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






7. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






8. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






9. Initiation - elongation - and termination






10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






11. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






12. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






13. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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15. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






16. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






17. New codon may code for a different amino acid






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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21. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






22. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






24. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






25. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






26. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






28. Occurs when linked genes are separated






29. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






30. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






31. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






32. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






33. Location of genes on DNA






34. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






36. Adenine and guanine






37. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






39. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






40. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






41. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






42. Cell burst






43. New codon may code for the same amino acid






44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






45. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






47. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






48. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






49. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






50. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism