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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






2. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






3. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






4. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






7. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






10. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






11. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






14. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






15. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. New codon may code for a different amino acid






18. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






21. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






22. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. New codon may be a stop codon






24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






25. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






26. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






27. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






28. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






30. Progeny generations






31. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






32. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






33. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






34. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






35. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






36. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






37. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






38. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






40. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






41. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






42. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






43. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






44. Location of genes on DNA






45. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






46. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






47. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






48. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






49. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






50. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next