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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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2. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Recombination
Phenotype
Inducible Systems
Environmental Factors
3. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Lyse
Monocistronic
Gene
4. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Purines
Sex Linked
Filial (F generations)
Incomplete Dominance
5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Filial (F generations)
Sex Linked Recessives
Polyribosome
A-site
6. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Bacteriophage
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transduction
7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
tRNA Job
Gene
Start Codon
Chromosomal Breakage
9. Occurs when linked genes are separated
DNA Replication
Termination Codons
Recombination
Nondisjunction
10. New codon may be a stop codon
Plasmid
Nonsense Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Chromosomal Breakage
11. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Genetics
Pyrimidines
Lagging Strand
12. Genetic makeup of an individual
Crosses
Monohybrid Cross
Heterozygous
Genotype
13. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Lagging Strand
Binary fission
Bacteriophage
Peptide Bond
14. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Mutagenic Agents
Inducible Systems
Drosophila Melanogaster
15. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Phenotype
Episomes
Testcross
Transformation
16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Conjugation
RNA
Heterozygous
Parental (P Generation)
17. Basic unit of heredity
Genotype
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
DNA Replication
Gene
18. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Triplet Code
Recessive Allele
Heredity
Lysogenic Cycle
19. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Translation
Lysogenic Cycle
Polyribosome
Chromosomal Breakage
20. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Genetic Code
Virulent
Autosomes
Nondisjunction
21. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Silent Mutation
tRNA Job
Mutations
22. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Peptide Bond
Triplet Code
Ribosomes
Recombination
23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Dominant Allele
Autosomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
24. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Anticodon
Mutations
Transformation
25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Genetic Code
Episomes
Transformation
Codominance
26. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Mutagenic Agents
Punnet Square Diagram
Triplet Code
Genetic Code
27. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Purines
Alleles
Genotype
28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Antibody resistance
Mutations
Filial (F generations)
Sex Linked Recessives
29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Transformation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Triplet Code
Double-Stranded Helix
30. Where protein synthesis occurs
Sex Linked Recessives
Ribosomes
Alleles
Recombination
31. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Ribosomes
tRNA Job
Synonyms
32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Messenger mRNA
Bacterial Replication
Conjugation
Dominant Allele
33. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Crosses
Operon
Transcription
Incomplete Dominance
34. Cell burst
Promoter gene
Antibody resistance
Okazaki fragments
Lyse
35. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Genetics
Autosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Messenger mRNA
36. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Bacterial Genome
Testcross
Lagging Strand
Monohybrid Cross
37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Sex Linked
Start Codon
Chromosomal Breakage
38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Chromosomal Breakage
Incomplete Dominance
Heredity
Point Mutation
39. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Anticodon
Peptide Bond
Monohybrid Cross
40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Polypeptide Synthesis
Synonyms
DNA
Heredity
41. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Transcription
Double-Stranded Helix
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lagging Strand
42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Anticodon
Codominance
Nucleotide
Pyrimidines
43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Inducible Systems
Ribosomes
Autosomes
Gene Mutation
44. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Plasmids
Lyse
P-site
Termination Codons
45. Cytosine and thymine
Inducible Systems
Point Mutation
Pyrimidines
Mutagenic Agents
46. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Genetic Code
Autosomes
Frameshift Mutation
Transcription
47. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Okazaki fragments
Transcription
Nondisjunction
Lytic Cycle
48. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Promoter gene
Testcross
Heredity
RNA
49. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Chromosomes
Messenger mRNA
Synonyms
Complementary Base-Pairing
50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Double-Stranded Helix
Promoter gene
Plasmids