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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity






2. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






3. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






5. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






6. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






7. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






8. Adenine and guanine






9. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






10. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






11. Initiation - elongation - and termination






12. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






13. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






14. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






15. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






16. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






17. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






18. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






21. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






22. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






23. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






24. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






25. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






26. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






27. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






28. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






29. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






30. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






31. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






33. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






34. Cytosine and thymine






35. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






36. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






37. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






38. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






39. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






40. New codon may code for a different amino acid






41. Individuals being crossed






42. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






43. Cell burst






44. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






45. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






46. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






47. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






48. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






49. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection