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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






2. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






3. Adenine and guanine






4. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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5. New codon may be a stop codon






6. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






7. Chromosome fragment






8. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






9. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






10. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






11. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






12. Progeny generations






13. Cell burst






14. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






15. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






16. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






17. New codon may code for the same amino acid






18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






19. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






20. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






21. Consists of structural genes






22. Basic unit of heredity






23. Initiation - elongation - and termination






24. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






25. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






26. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






27. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






28. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






29. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






30. New codon may code for a different amino acid






31. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






32. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






33. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






34. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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35. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






36. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






37. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






38. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






39. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






40. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






41. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






42. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






44. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






45. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






46. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






47. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






48. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






49. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA