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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
DNA
A-site
Peptide Bond
Crosses
2. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Missense Mutation
Transformation
tRNA Job
Alleles
3. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Polyribosome
P-site
Genetics
A-site
4. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Missense Mutation
Purines
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacterial Genome
5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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6. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Environmental Factors
Testcross
Elongation
Complementary Base-Pairing
7. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Sex Linked Recessives
Translocation
Environmental Factors
Drosophila Melanogaster
8. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Mendelian Genetics
Dominant Allele
Testcross
Translation
9. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lagging Strand
Monohybrid Cross
Punnet Square Diagram
10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Ribosomes
Gene Mutation
Codons
P-site
11. Adenine and guanine
Regulator Gene
Purines
Monocistronic
Translocation
12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Backcross
tRNA Job
DNA
13. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transduction
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Operon
14. Individuals being crossed
Lytic Cycle
Synonyms
Heterozygous
Parental (P Generation)
15. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Messenger mRNA
P-site
DNA
16. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Chromosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
17. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Recombination
Repressible Systems
Monohybrid Cross
18. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Messenger mRNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Mutagenic Agents
19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transformation
Genetics
Transduction
20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Nonsense Mutation
Phenotype
Ribosomes
Polyribosome
21. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Polypeptide Synthesis
Recombination
Bacteriophage
Testcross
22. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Inducible Systems
Transduction
Backcross
Elongation
23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
DNA Replication
Point Mutation
Okazaki fragments
Transcription
24. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Bacterial Replication
Virulent
RNA
25. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Homozygous
Anticodon
Gene Mutation
Operator Gene
26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Triplet Code
Codominance
Semiconservative
Varions
27. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Nucleotide
Crosses
Termination Codons
Triplet Code
28. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Silent Mutation
Polyribosome
Drosophila Melanogaster
Dominant Allele
29. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
A-site
Translation
Dominant Allele
Peptide Bond
30. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Elongation
Heredity
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Crosses
31. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Translation
Heredity
Mendelian Genetics
Nucleotide
32. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Missense Mutation
Autosomes
Termination Codons
Testcross
33. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Nucleotide
Recessive Allele
Codominance
Transformation
34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Operon
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Filial (F generations)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
35. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Monohybrid Cross
Backcross
Gene
Virulent
36. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Triplet Code
Conjugation
Homozygous
Crosses
37. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Leading Strand
Dominant Allele
Chromosomal Breakage
Semiconservative
38. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Plasmids
Start Codon
Transcription
Heredity
39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Mendelian Genetics
Semiconservative
Plasmids
Alleles
40. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Codominance
Mendelian Genetics
Frameshift Mutation
Bacteriophage
41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Lysogenic Cycle
Sex Linked
DNA Replication
42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Transduction
Binary fission
Codons
Lyse
43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Missense Mutation
Regulator Gene
Transformation
Mutations
44. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Bacterial Genome
DNA
Double-Stranded Helix
45. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Transcription
Operator Gene
Recessive Allele
46. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Homozygous
RNA
Antibody resistance
47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Synonyms
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Crosses
48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Lytic Cycle
Transcription
Homozygous
49. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Operon
Anticodon
Backcross
Punnet Square Diagram
50. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Lytic Cycle
DNA
Gene
Start Codon
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