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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






2. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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3. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






4. Basic unit of heredity






5. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






6. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






7. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






10. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






11. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






12. Cell burst






13. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Occurs when linked genes are separated






16. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






17. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






18. Short segments from lagging strand






19. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






20. New codon may code for the same amino acid






21. Where protein synthesis occurs






22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






24. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






26. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






27. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






28. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






29. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






30. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






31. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






34. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






35. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






36. Progeny generations






37. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






38. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






40. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






41. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






42. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






43. New codon may code for a different amino acid






44. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






45. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






46. Adenine and guanine






47. Initiation - elongation - and termination






48. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






49. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






50. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism