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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Environmental Factors
Plasmids
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Repressible Systems
2. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lytic Cycle
Recessive Allele
Start Codon
Operon
3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Codominance
Dihybrid Cross
Incomplete Dominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
4. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Transduction
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
DNA Replication
5. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Genotype
tRNA Job
Gene Mutation
Conjugation
6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Mutations
Incomplete Dominance
Lysogenic Cycle
Regulator Gene
7. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Episomes
Mutagenic Agents
tRNA Job
Repressible Systems
8. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Operon
Plasmids
Varions
9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Leading Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
Mendelian Genetics
Regulator Gene
10. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Punnet Square Diagram
Virulent
11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Termination Codons
Lyse
DNA Replication
Phenotype
12. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Messenger mRNA
Double-Stranded Helix
Punnet Square Diagram
Purines
13. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Episomes
Incomplete Dominance
Lysogenic Cycle
14. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
A-site
Antibody resistance
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Point Mutation
15. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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16. Progeny generations
Termination Codons
Filial (F generations)
Alleles
Parental (P Generation)
17. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Mendelian Genetics
Bacterial Genome
Phenotype
Regulator Gene
18. Short segments from lagging strand
Genetics
Okazaki fragments
Peptide Bond
Heredity
19. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Anticodon
Termination Codons
Plasmid
20. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Bacterial Replication
Codons
Triplet Code
Sex Linked Recessives
21. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Drosophila Melanogaster
Crosses
Messenger mRNA
22. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Heterozygous
Drosophila Melanogaster
Triplet Code
Messenger mRNA
23. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacterial Replication
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Environmental Factors
24. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Lyse
Bacterial Replication
Punnet Square Diagram
Heredity
25. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Lysogenic Cycle
Complementary Base-Pairing
Elongation
Repressible Systems
27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Operon
Start Codon
Codominance
Transduction
28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Chromosomes
Lagging Strand
Translocation
29. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Operator Gene
Punnet Square Diagram
Operon
30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Dihybrid Cross
Conjugation
Monohybrid Cross
31. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Incomplete Dominance
tRNA Job
Episomes
Heterozygous
32. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Missense Mutation
Genotype
Monocistronic
Inducible Systems
33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
RNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
Termination Codons
34. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Mendelian Genetics
Heredity
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Pyrimidines
35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Point Mutation
Start Codon
Monocistronic
Monohybrid Cross
36. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Double-Stranded Helix
Lytic Cycle
DNA Replication
37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Recessive Allele
Ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Varions
38. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Genetics
Missense Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
39. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Silent Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Testcross
40. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Elongation
Operon
A-site
Transcription
41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Messenger mRNA
Transduction
Missense Mutation
42. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Sex Linked Recessives
DNA Replication
Lysogenic Cycle
RNA
43. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Anticodon
Drosophila Melanogaster
44. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Missense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Translation
Varions
45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Heterozygous
Alleles
Chromosomal Breakage
Polypeptide Synthesis
46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Bacterial Genome
Nucleotide
Termination Codons
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
47. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Backcross
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Crosses
48. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
tRNA Job
Punnet Square Diagram
Regulator Gene
49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Peptide Bond
Missense Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transcription
50. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Missense Mutation
Testcross
Crosses
P-site