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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Polyribosome
Monohybrid Cross
Crosses
Inducible Systems
2. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Anticodon
Translocation
Episomes
Backcross
3. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Nucleotide
Polypeptide Synthesis
tRNA Job
4. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dihybrid Cross
Promoter gene
Okazaki fragments
Dominant Allele
5. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lysogenic Cycle
Transformation
Messenger mRNA
6. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
tRNA Job
Alleles
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Homozygous
7. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Crosses
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Monocistronic
Nondisjunction
8. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Leading Strand
Promoter gene
Regulator Gene
Repressible Systems
9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Point Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
Operator Gene
Polypeptide Synthesis
10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Alleles
Binary fission
Chromosomal Breakage
11. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Alleles
Missense Mutation
Polyribosome
Nondisjunction
12. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Elongation
Sex Linked Recessives
Polypeptide Synthesis
13. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Semiconservative
Purines
Varions
Conjugation
14. Genetic makeup of an individual
Recombination
Genotype
Incomplete Dominance
Transduction
15. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Bacteriophage
Transduction
Semiconservative
Ribosomes
16. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Transformation
Double-Stranded Helix
Termination Codons
Gene
17. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Varions
Repressible Systems
Synonyms
Nucleotide
18. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Plasmids
Phenotype
Repressible Systems
Lagging Strand
19. Adenine and guanine
Messenger mRNA
Purines
Peptide Bond
Nucleotide
20. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Leading Strand
Translocation
tRNA Job
Heterozygous
21. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Messenger mRNA
Alleles
Gene
22. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Filial (F generations)
23. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Genetics
Mendelian Genetics
Chromosomal Breakage
Purines
24. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Double-Stranded Helix
Termination Codons
A-site
P-site
25. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Translocation
Bacteriophage
Polypeptide Synthesis
Start Codon
26. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Homozygous
Monocistronic
RNA
Start Codon
27. Individuals being crossed
Mendelian Genetics
Transcription
Parental (P Generation)
Chromosomal Breakage
28. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
Peptide Bond
tRNA Job
29. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Regulator Gene
DNA Replication
Episomes
30. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Mutagenic Agents
Antibody resistance
Lagging Strand
A-site
31. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Nonsense Mutation
Gene Mutation
Dominant Allele
Mendelian Genetics
32. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Polyribosome
Elongation
Transduction
33. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Repressible Systems
Transformation
Inducible Systems
Lytic Cycle
34. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
A-site
Inducer-Repressor Complex
tRNA Job
35. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Nonsense Mutation
Genotype
Genetic Code
Crosses
36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Polyribosome
Elongation
Lysogenic Cycle
Regulator Gene
37. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Transcription
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Anticodon
Point Mutation
38. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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39. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Anticodon
Filial (F generations)
Inducible Systems
40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Translation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Complementary Base-Pairing
Double-Stranded Helix
41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Start Codon
DNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Phenotype
42. Cell burst
Lyse
Mendelian Genetics
Anticodon
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
43. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Bacterial Genome
Heterozygous
Drosophila Melanogaster
44. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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45. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Sex Linked
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Codominance
Autosomes
46. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Peptide Bond
Termination Codons
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transcription
47. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Translocation
Semiconservative
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Sex Linked
48. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Binary fission
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Anticodon
49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Mutations
Heredity
Start Codon
50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
P-site
Mutations
tRNA Job
Recessive Allele