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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






2. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






3. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






4. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






6. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






7. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






8. Short segments from lagging strand






9. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






11. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






13. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






16. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






17. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






19. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






20. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






21. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






24. Adenine and guanine






25. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






26. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






27. Basic unit of heredity






28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






29. Organisms that carry two different alleles






30. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






31. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






32. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






33. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






34. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






35. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






36. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






38. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






39. Location of genes on DNA






40. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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44. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






45. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






46. Where protein synthesis occurs






47. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






49. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






50. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand