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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






2. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






3. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






4. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






6. Chromosome fragment






7. Short segments from lagging strand






8. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






9. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






10. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






11. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






12. Basic unit of heredity






13. Occurs when linked genes are separated






14. Where protein synthesis occurs






15. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






16. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






17. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






18. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






19. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






20. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






22. Progeny generations






23. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






24. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






25. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






27. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






28. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






29. New codon may code for a different amino acid






30. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






31. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






33. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






34. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






35. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






38. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






39. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






40. Adenine and guanine






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






43. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






44. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






45. Cell burst






46. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






47. New codon may code for the same amino acid






48. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






49. Location of genes on DNA






50. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism







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