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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






3. Basic unit of heredity






4. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






5. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






6. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






7. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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8. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






9. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






10. Initiation - elongation - and termination






11. New codon may be a stop codon






12. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






13. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






16. Consists of structural genes






17. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






18. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






20. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






22. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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23. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






24. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






25. Individuals being crossed






26. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






27. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






28. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






29. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






30. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






33. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






34. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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35. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






37. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






38. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






39. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






41. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






42. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






43. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






44. Adenine and guanine






45. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






46. New codon may code for the same amino acid






47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






48. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






49. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






50. New codon may code for a different amino acid