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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiation - elongation - and termination






2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






3. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






4. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






6. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






7. New codon may be a stop codon






8. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






10. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






11. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






12. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






15. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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16. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






17. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






18. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






19. Genetic makeup of an individual






20. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






21. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






22. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






23. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






24. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






25. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






27. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






28. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






29. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






30. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






31. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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32. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






33. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






34. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






36. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






37. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






39. Where protein synthesis occurs






40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






41. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






44. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






46. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






47. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






48. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






49. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






50. Progeny generations