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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






2. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






3. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






4. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






5. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






6. New codon may code for a different amino acid






7. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






8. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






9. Where protein synthesis occurs






10. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






11. Individuals being crossed






12. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






13. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






14. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






17. New codon may be a stop codon






18. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






19. Genetic makeup of an individual






20. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






21. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






22. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






25. Occurs when linked genes are separated






26. Cell burst






27. Basic unit of heredity






28. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






29. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






30. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






31. New codon may code for the same amino acid






32. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






33. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






34. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






35. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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36. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






38. Chromosome fragment






39. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






40. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






41. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






42. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






43. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






44. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






45. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






46. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






47. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






48. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






49. Adenine and guanine






50. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e