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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when linked genes are separated






2. Location of genes on DNA






3. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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4. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






5. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






6. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






8. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






9. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






10. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






11. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






12. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






14. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






15. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






16. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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17. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






18. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






19. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






21. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






22. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






24. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






25. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






26. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






27. New codon may code for the same amino acid






28. New codon may code for a different amino acid






29. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






30. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






31. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






32. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






33. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






34. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






35. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






36. Organisms that carry two different alleles






37. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






38. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






39. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






40. Progeny generations






41. Basic unit of heredity






42. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






43. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






44. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






46. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






47. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






48. Short segments from lagging strand






49. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






50. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA







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