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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






2. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






3. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






4. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






5. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






6. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






7. Progeny generations






8. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






9. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






10. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






11. Location of genes on DNA






12. Where protein synthesis occurs






13. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






14. Short segments from lagging strand






15. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






16. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






17. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






18. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






21. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






22. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






23. Individuals being crossed






24. Cell burst






25. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






26. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






27. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






28. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






29. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






30. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






31. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






32. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






33. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. Adenine and guanine






36. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






37. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






38. Occurs when linked genes are separated






39. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






40. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






41. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






42. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






43. New codon may be a stop codon






44. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






45. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






46. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






47. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






48. Genetic makeup of an individual






49. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






50. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype