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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






3. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






4. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






5. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






6. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






7. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






8. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






9. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






10. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






11. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






12. New codon may code for a different amino acid






13. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






16. Cell burst






17. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






18. Location of genes on DNA






19. Cytosine and thymine






20. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






21. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






22. New codon may code for the same amino acid






23. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






24. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






25. Adenine and guanine






26. Initiation - elongation - and termination






27. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






28. Individuals being crossed






29. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






30. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






31. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






32. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






33. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






35. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






36. Consists of structural genes






37. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






38. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






39. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






41. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






42. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






43. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






44. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






45. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






46. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






47. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






48. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






49. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






50. Chromosome fragment