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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






2. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






3. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






4. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






9. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






10. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






11. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






12. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






13. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






15. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






16. Cell burst






17. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






18. Cytosine and thymine






19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






21. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






22. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






23. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






24. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






26. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






27. Consists of structural genes






28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






30. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






32. New codon may code for the same amino acid






33. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






35. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






36. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






38. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






39. Where protein synthesis occurs






40. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






41. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






42. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






43. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






44. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






45. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






46. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






48. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






50. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic