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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiation - elongation - and termination






2. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






4. Where protein synthesis occurs






5. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






6. New codon may be a stop codon






7. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






8. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






9. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






11. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






12. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






13. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






14. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






15. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






16. Adenine and guanine






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






19. Short segments from lagging strand






20. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






21. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






22. Chromosome fragment






23. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






24. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






25. New codon may code for a different amino acid






26. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






27. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






28. Individuals being crossed






29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






30. Basic unit of heredity






31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






32. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






34. Location of genes on DNA






35. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






36. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






37. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






38. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






39. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






40. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






41. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






42. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






43. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






44. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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45. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






46. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






47. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






48. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






49. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






50. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then