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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






2. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






3. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






4. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






5. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






6. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






7. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






8. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






9. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






10. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






11. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






12. Chromosome fragment






13. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






14. Where protein synthesis occurs






15. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






16. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






17. Basic unit of heredity






18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






19. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






20. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






21. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






22. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






23. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






24. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






25. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






26. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






27. Location of genes on DNA






28. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






29. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






30. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






31. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






32. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






33. Adenine and guanine






34. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






35. New codon may be a stop codon






36. New codon may code for the same amino acid






37. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






40. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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41. Cell burst






42. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






43. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






45. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






46. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






47. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






48. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






49. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






50. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons