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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






2. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






3. New codon may be a stop codon






4. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






5. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






6. Genetic makeup of an individual






7. New codon may code for a different amino acid






8. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






9. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






10. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






11. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






16. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






17. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






18. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






19. Cytosine and thymine






20. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






21. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






24. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






25. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






26. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






27. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






29. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






30. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






31. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






33. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






34. Organisms that carry two different alleles






35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






36. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






38. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






40. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






41. Basic unit of heredity






42. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






43. Initiation - elongation - and termination






44. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






45. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






46. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






47. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






49. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






50. Location of genes on DNA






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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