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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell burst
Lyse
Bacteriophage
Codons
Recessive Allele
2. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Autosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Episomes
Antibody resistance
3. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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4. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Silent Mutation
Missense Mutation
Operon
Translation
5. New codon may be a stop codon
Plasmid
Translocation
Transduction
Nonsense Mutation
6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Genetics
Polyribosome
Mutations
Semiconservative
7. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Varions
Lytic Cycle
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
8. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Triplet Code
Alleles
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lytic Cycle
9. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Triplet Code
Codominance
Mutagenic Agents
Episomes
10. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Autosomes
Lagging Strand
Pyrimidines
Filial (F generations)
11. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Anticodon
Lysogenic Cycle
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Phenotype
12. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Triplet Code
Repressible Systems
Incomplete Dominance
Start Codon
13. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Phenotype
Triplet Code
Transformation
Filial (F generations)
15. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Parental (P Generation)
Transcription
Semiconservative
16. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Repressible Systems
Synonyms
Mutable
17. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Okazaki fragments
Repressible Systems
18. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Regulator Gene
Missense Mutation
Transformation
P-site
19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
RNA
tRNA Job
Plasmid
Varions
20. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Sex Linked
Heterozygous
21. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Missense Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
22. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
P-site
Binary fission
Bacterial Replication
Transformation
23. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Mutations
Backcross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
24. Cytosine and thymine
Mutations
Mendelian Genetics
Pyrimidines
Sex Linked Recessives
25. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Plasmids
Sex Linked
26. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Ribosomes
Incomplete Dominance
Double-Stranded Helix
27. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Drosophila Melanogaster
Codominance
Dominant Allele
Promoter gene
28. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Plasmids
Operon
Promoter gene
Repressible Systems
29. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Autosomes
Termination Codons
30. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Environmental Factors
Testcross
Inducer-Repressor Complex
31. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Polypeptide Synthesis
Heterozygous
Transcription
RNA
32. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Translocation
Dominant Allele
33. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Regulator Gene
P-site
Dominant Allele
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
34. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Chromosomal Breakage
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mutations
35. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Translocation
Antibody resistance
Promoter gene
36. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Okazaki fragments
Codominance
Polyribosome
Point Mutation
37. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Incomplete Dominance
Sex Linked Recessives
Mendelian Genetics
38. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Elongation
Genetic Code
Sex Linked Recessives
Complementary Base-Pairing
39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Operator Gene
Varions
Homozygous
Environmental Factors
40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Operon
Translation
tRNA Job
41. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Filial (F generations)
Nonsense Mutation
Dominant Allele
Polypeptide Synthesis
42. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Double-Stranded Helix
Transformation
Translocation
Transduction
43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Inducible Systems
Transcription
Sex Linked Recessives
Polyribosome
44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Varions
Drosophila Melanogaster
Promoter gene
Episomes
45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Heterozygous
Polypeptide Synthesis
46. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Missense Mutation
DNA
Transformation
Episomes
47. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Repressible Systems
Genotype
Termination Codons
48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Start Codon
Gene
Antibody resistance
Monocistronic
49. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Missense Mutation
Antibody resistance
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Heterozygous