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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






2. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






3. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






5. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






6. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. Occurs when linked genes are separated






9. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






10. Progeny generations






11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






12. New codon may code for the same amino acid






13. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






14. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






15. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






16. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






17. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






18. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






19. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






20. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






23. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






24. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






25. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






26. Chromosome fragment






27. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






28. Cell burst






29. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






30. New codon may be a stop codon






31. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






32. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






33. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






34. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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35. Short segments from lagging strand






36. Individuals being crossed






37. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






38. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






39. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






40. New codon may code for a different amino acid






41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






42. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






43. Location of genes on DNA






44. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






45. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






46. Consists of structural genes






47. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






48. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






49. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






50. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes