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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Recessive Allele
Alleles
Purines
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
2. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Transcription
Operon
Termination Codons
Complementary Base-Pairing
3. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
4. Consists of structural genes
Promoter gene
Anticodon
Operon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
5. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Silent Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Transformation
Nondisjunction
6. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Gene Mutation
Synonyms
Backcross
7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Chromosomal Breakage
Synonyms
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Double-Stranded Helix
8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Nucleotide
Genetic Code
Inducible Systems
Binary fission
9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Ribosomes
Missense Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Backcross
10. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Lysogenic Cycle
Testcross
Silent Mutation
Polyribosome
11. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Heredity
Heterozygous
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Lysogenic Cycle
12. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Ribosomes
Transduction
Alleles
13. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Dihybrid Cross
Missense Mutation
Pyrimidines
Chromosomal Breakage
14. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Parental (P Generation)
Nucleotide
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
15. Cell burst
Ribosomes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lyse
DNA Replication
16. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Incomplete Dominance
Polyribosome
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacterial Replication
17. Cytosine and thymine
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Pyrimidines
Mendelian Genetics
Nonsense Mutation
18. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Alleles
Operator Gene
Recessive Allele
Bacterial Genome
19. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Binary fission
Codominance
Operon
Phenotype
20. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Missense Mutation
Crosses
A-site
Transduction
21. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
22. Individuals being crossed
Polypeptide Synthesis
Parental (P Generation)
DNA
Plasmid
23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Bacterial Replication
Autosomes
Point Mutation
Varions
24. New codon may be a stop codon
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Nonsense Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Elongation
25. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Elongation
Backcross
Episomes
Nucleotide
26. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Virulent
Transduction
Termination Codons
27. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Mutations
Plasmids
Translation
Transcription
28. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Messenger mRNA
Antibody resistance
Synonyms
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
29. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Phenotype
Regulator Gene
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transcription
30. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Transcription
tRNA Job
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
31. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Sex Linked
Drosophila Melanogaster
Filial (F generations)
Phenotype
32. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Regulator Gene
Codons
Bacteriophage
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Alleles
Chromosomal Breakage
Operon
Chromosomes
34. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Antibody resistance
Point Mutation
Ribosomes
35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Repressible Systems
Transcription
Silent Mutation
Messenger mRNA
36. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polypeptide Synthesis
RNA
Conjugation
37. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Lagging Strand
Environmental Factors
Operon
Polypeptide Synthesis
38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Synonyms
A-site
DNA
Nondisjunction
39. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
A-site
Bacterial Replication
DNA Replication
Backcross
40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Lagging Strand
Nondisjunction
Lytic Cycle
41. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Operator Gene
Incomplete Dominance
Punnet Square Diagram
Translation
42. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Lagging Strand
Peptide Bond
Varions
Monohybrid Cross
43. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Transcription
Homozygous
Genotype
Mutagenic Agents
44. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Ribosomes
Filial (F generations)
Antibody resistance
45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Genetics
Bacterial Replication
Transduction
46. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Ribosomes
Translation
Triplet Code
Autosomes
47. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
48. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Punnet Square Diagram
Plasmid
Bacterial Genome
Regulator Gene
49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Mutagenic Agents
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Triplet Code
Transcription
50. Occurs when linked genes are separated
DNA
Ribosomes
Elongation
Recombination