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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromosome fragment
Operon
Anticodon
Plasmid
Incomplete Dominance
2. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Transduction
Point Mutation
Codons
Mutations
3. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Plasmids
Binary fission
P-site
Bacterial Genome
4. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Dominant Allele
Sex Linked
Mutable
Lyse
5. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Mutable
Double-Stranded Helix
Mutations
tRNA Job
6. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Missense Mutation
Mutable
Transcription
Silent Mutation
7. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Mutations
Backcross
Regulator Gene
Nondisjunction
8. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Antibody resistance
Episomes
Semiconservative
9. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Conjugation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Leading Strand
Anticodon
10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
Mendelian Genetics
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutations
11. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Antibody resistance
Testcross
Recessive Allele
Semiconservative
12. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Purines
Inducible Systems
Crosses
Chromosomes
13. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Lyse
Punnet Square Diagram
Conjugation
Dihybrid Cross
14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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15. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Episomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacteriophage
16. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Heredity
Backcross
Virulent
17. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Codons
Missense Mutation
Ribosomes
Homozygous
18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Sex Linked
Peptide Bond
Polypeptide Synthesis
Pyrimidines
19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Incomplete Dominance
DNA
Termination Codons
20. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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21. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Phenotype
Virulent
Codominance
RNA
22. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Heredity
Elongation
Mutations
23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Codons
Chromosomes
24. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Operator Gene
Binary fission
Heredity
25. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Point Mutation
Recombination
Okazaki fragments
P-site
26. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Mutable
Termination Codons
Punnet Square Diagram
RNA
27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Mendelian Genetics
Punnet Square Diagram
Lagging Strand
Synonyms
28. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Peptide Bond
Antibody resistance
Environmental Factors
29. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Phenotype
Crosses
Monohybrid Cross
Lytic Cycle
30. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Genetic Code
Chromosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
31. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Recombination
Sex Linked
Semiconservative
32. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Homozygous
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Virulent
Monohybrid Cross
33. Location of genes on DNA
Nondisjunction
Chromosomes
Lyse
Codominance
34. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Transcription
Nucleotide
Termination Codons
Polyribosome
35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Gene
Polypeptide Synthesis
DNA Replication
36. Adenine and guanine
Lyse
Monocistronic
A-site
Purines
37. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Incomplete Dominance
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Environmental Factors
Heredity
38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Ribosomes
Lagging Strand
DNA
Codons
39. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Promoter gene
Translocation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Frameshift Mutation
40. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Incomplete Dominance
Frameshift Mutation
41. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
RNA
Autosomes
Lagging Strand
Gene Mutation
42. Cell burst
Plasmids
Parental (P Generation)
Lyse
Missense Mutation
43. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Recombination
Peptide Bond
Silent Mutation
Homozygous
44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
Operator Gene
Recombination
P-site
45. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Semiconservative
Peptide Bond
Monohybrid Cross
Point Mutation
46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Point Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Environmental Factors
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
47. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Chromosomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Sex Linked
Homozygous
48. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Nonsense Mutation
Translation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
tRNA Job
49. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
DNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Punnet Square Diagram
Double-Stranded Helix
50. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Crosses
Filial (F generations)
Parental (P Generation)