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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






2. New codon may code for the same amino acid






3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






4. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






6. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






7. New codon may be a stop codon






8. Chromosome fragment






9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






11. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






12. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






13. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






14. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






15. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. Short segments from lagging strand






18. New codon may code for a different amino acid






19. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






21. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






22. Cell burst






23. Genetic makeup of an individual






24. Occurs when linked genes are separated






25. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






26. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






28. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






29. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






30. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






31. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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32. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






33. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






34. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






35. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






36. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






37. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






38. Adenine and guanine






39. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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41. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






42. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






43. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






44. Basic unit of heredity






45. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






46. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






47. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






48. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






49. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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