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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






2. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






3. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






4. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






5. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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7. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






8. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






9. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






10. Occurs when linked genes are separated






11. Consists of structural genes






12. Individuals being crossed






13. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






14. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






15. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






16. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






17. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






21. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






22. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






25. Short segments from lagging strand






26. New codon may code for a different amino acid






27. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






28. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






29. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






30. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






33. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






34. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






35. Where protein synthesis occurs






36. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






37. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






38. Cell burst






39. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






40. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






41. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






42. Adenine and guanine






43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






44. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






45. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






46. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






49. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






50. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language







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