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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell burst
Ribosomes
Lyse
Conjugation
DNA
2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Conjugation
Lyse
Gene
DNA Replication
3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Varions
Semiconservative
Termination Codons
Promoter gene
4. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Transcription
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Leading Strand
Polyribosome
5. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Transcription
Sex Linked Recessives
Translocation
6. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Heredity
Mutagenic Agents
Mendelian Genetics
7. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Alleles
Binary fission
8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Translocation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Genotype
9. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Gene Mutation
P-site
Messenger mRNA
Backcross
10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Double-Stranded Helix
Transcription
Translation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
11. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Promoter gene
Mutagenic Agents
Conjugation
Punnet Square Diagram
12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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13. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
DNA
Triplet Code
tRNA Job
Testcross
14. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Lyse
Purines
Monocistronic
Varions
15. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Inducible Systems
Mutable
Polyribosome
Codominance
16. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Alleles
Incomplete Dominance
Bacterial Genome
Start Codon
17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Genetic Code
Inducible Systems
Transformation
Missense Mutation
18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Triplet Code
Silent Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
19. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Episomes
Mendel's Law of Dominance
RNA
20. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Polypeptide Synthesis
Missense Mutation
Pyrimidines
Codons
21. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Virulent
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Translation
22. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Dominant Allele
RNA
Alleles
P-site
23. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Gene
Nonsense Mutation
Recessive Allele
Heredity
24. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Ribosomes
Virulent
Backcross
A-site
25. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Codons
Parental (P Generation)
Testcross
Termination Codons
26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Phenotype
Transduction
Frameshift Mutation
Point Mutation
27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Promoter gene
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Missense Mutation
28. Individuals being crossed
Leading Strand
Frameshift Mutation
Sex Linked
Parental (P Generation)
29. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Alleles
Plasmid
Double-Stranded Helix
Binary fission
30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Transcription
Polyribosome
tRNA Job
P-site
31. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Crosses
Repressible Systems
32. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Operator Gene
Messenger mRNA
Gene Mutation
Lysogenic Cycle
33. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Monohybrid Cross
Complementary Base-Pairing
Drosophila Melanogaster
34. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Chromosomes
Antibody resistance
Bacterial Replication
Messenger mRNA
35. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Chromosomal Breakage
Monohybrid Cross
Backcross
36. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Triplet Code
Start Codon
Filial (F generations)
37. Cytosine and thymine
Backcross
Codons
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Pyrimidines
38. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Chromosomal Breakage
Virulent
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Ribosomes
39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Nucleotide
Sex Linked
Plasmids
Mendelian Genetics
40. New codon may be a stop codon
Okazaki fragments
Dihybrid Cross
Nonsense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
41. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Anticodon
Pyrimidines
Leading Strand
42. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transduction
Polyribosome
Recessive Allele
43. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Codominance
Transcription
Bacterial Replication
Recombination
44. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Incomplete Dominance
Gene Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
45. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Purines
DNA Replication
Bacterial Replication
46. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Regulator Gene
DNA Replication
Anticodon
47. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Inducible Systems
Heterozygous
Codons
A-site
48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Translocation
Punnet Square Diagram
Complementary Base-Pairing
49. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Gene
Purines
Translation
Polypeptide Synthesis
50. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Operon
Start Codon
Transfer RNA (tRNA)