SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Mutable
Ribosomes
Missense Mutation
2. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Sex Linked Recessives
Genetics
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bacterial Genome
Nucleotide
Incomplete Dominance
5. Genetic makeup of an individual
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Genotype
Bacterial Genome
Mutagenic Agents
6. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Genotype
Chromosomal Breakage
Termination Codons
Chromosomes
7. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Monocistronic
Gene Mutation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Chromosomes
8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Episomes
Dominant Allele
Genotype
9. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Operon
Nondisjunction
DNA Replication
10. Progeny generations
Double-Stranded Helix
Filial (F generations)
Operator Gene
Gene
11. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Transformation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Inducer-Repressor Complex
12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Lytic Cycle
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mutations
Backcross
13. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Triplet Code
Peptide Bond
Mutations
14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Mutagenic Agents
Inducible Systems
Lysogenic Cycle
Alleles
15. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Nucleotide
Promoter gene
Dihybrid Cross
Transduction
16. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
17. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polypeptide Synthesis
Pyrimidines
Drosophila Melanogaster
18. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
RNA
Bacterial Genome
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Chromosomes
19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Antibody resistance
Mutations
Promoter gene
Synonyms
20. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Leading Strand
Recessive Allele
Antibody resistance
21. New codon may be a stop codon
Double-Stranded Helix
Crosses
Nonsense Mutation
Codons
22. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Dominant Allele
Genotype
Recombination
Silent Mutation
23. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacterial Genome
Testcross
Transcription
24. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Plasmids
Recombination
Mutations
Recessive Allele
25. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Lysogenic Cycle
Drosophila Melanogaster
Homozygous
26. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Transduction
Peptide Bond
Bacterial Replication
27. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
DNA
Chromosomal Breakage
Lagging Strand
28. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Synonyms
Inducible Systems
Conjugation
29. Adenine and guanine
Monocistronic
Elongation
Purines
Genotype
30. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Dominant Allele
Chromosomes
31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Recombination
Chromosomal Breakage
Autosomes
Translocation
32. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Incomplete Dominance
Chromosomal Breakage
tRNA Job
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
33. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Bacteriophage
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Double-Stranded Helix
Binary fission
34. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Point Mutation
Sex Linked
Bacterial Replication
Start Codon
35. Where protein synthesis occurs
Phenotype
Elongation
Ribosomes
Missense Mutation
36. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Mutagenic Agents
Semiconservative
Lyse
A-site
37. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Nucleotide
Operator Gene
Gene
Silent Mutation
38. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Chromosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Mendelian Genetics
DNA Replication
39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lagging Strand
Semiconservative
Leading Strand
Dominant Allele
40. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Gene
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mutagenic Agents
Varions
41. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Incomplete Dominance
Heredity
Environmental Factors
42. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Binary fission
Inducible Systems
Triplet Code
Punnet Square Diagram
43. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Operator Gene
Peptide Bond
Purines
Lagging Strand
44. Basic unit of heredity
Lysogenic Cycle
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Monohybrid Cross
Gene
45. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Bacterial Genome
Missense Mutation
Operon
Peptide Bond
46. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Monocistronic
Point Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lytic Cycle
47. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
DNA Replication
Ribosomes
Genotype
Gene
48. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Leading Strand
Recombination
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Operator Gene
49. Location of genes on DNA
tRNA Job
Genotype
Chromosomes
Plasmids
50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Operon
Transduction
Gene
Silent Mutation