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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






3. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






4. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






5. Initiation - elongation - and termination






6. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






7. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






8. Organisms that carry two different alleles






9. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






10. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






11. Cell burst






12. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






13. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






14. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






15. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






16. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






17. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






18. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






19. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






20. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






21. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






22. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






23. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






24. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






25. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






26. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






27. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






28. Short segments from lagging strand






29. Consists of structural genes






30. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






31. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






32. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






33. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






34. Basic unit of heredity






35. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






36. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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37. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






38. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






39. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






40. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






41. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






42. Genetic makeup of an individual






43. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






44. Progeny generations






45. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






46. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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47. New codon may code for a different amino acid






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






50. Chromosome fragment







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