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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






2. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






4. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






5. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






6. Consists of structural genes






7. Where protein synthesis occurs






8. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






9. Cytosine and thymine






10. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






11. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






12. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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13. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






16. New codon may code for the same amino acid






17. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






18. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






21. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






22. Location of genes on DNA






23. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






24. Initiation - elongation - and termination






25. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






26. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






27. Adenine and guanine






28. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






29. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






31. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






34. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






35. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






38. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






39. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






40. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






41. Individuals being crossed






42. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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43. New codon may code for a different amino acid






44. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






45. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






46. Genetic makeup of an individual






47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






49. Cell burst






50. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype