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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






2. New codon may be a stop codon






3. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






4. Organisms that carry two different alleles






5. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






6. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






7. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






8. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






9. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






10. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






11. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






12. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






13. Short segments from lagging strand






14. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






15. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






16. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






17. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






20. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






21. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






22. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






23. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






24. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






25. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






28. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






29. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






30. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






31. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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32. Location of genes on DNA






33. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






34. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






35. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






36. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






37. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






38. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






39. Genetic makeup of an individual






40. Cell burst






41. Where protein synthesis occurs






42. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






43. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






44. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






47. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






48. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






49. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






50. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language