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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






2. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






3. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






4. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






5. Chromosome fragment






6. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






7. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






9. Basic unit of heredity






10. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






11. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






13. Where protein synthesis occurs






14. Genetic makeup of an individual






15. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






19. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






20. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






21. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






22. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






23. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






24. Cell burst






25. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






26. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






28. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






29. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






30. Location of genes on DNA






31. Cytosine and thymine






32. Organisms that carry two different alleles






33. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






34. Short segments from lagging strand






35. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


36. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






37. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






38. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






39. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






40. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






41. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






42. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






43. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






44. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






45. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






46. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






48. Consists of structural genes






49. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






50. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines