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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell burst






2. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






3. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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4. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






5. New codon may be a stop codon






6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






7. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






8. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






9. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






10. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






11. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






12. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






13. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






15. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






16. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






17. Consists of structural genes






18. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






20. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






21. Progeny generations






22. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






23. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






24. Cytosine and thymine






25. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






26. Chromosome fragment






27. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






28. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






29. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






30. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






31. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






32. Occurs when linked genes are separated






33. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






34. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






35. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






36. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






37. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






38. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






41. Initiation - elongation - and termination






42. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






46. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






47. Individuals being crossed






48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






49. New codon may code for a different amino acid






50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid