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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






4. Cell burst






5. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. Individuals being crossed






8. Consists of structural genes






9. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






10. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






11. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






12. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






13. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






14. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






15. Basic unit of heredity






16. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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17. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






18. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






19. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






20. Cytosine and thymine






21. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






24. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






25. New codon may code for a different amino acid






26. Where protein synthesis occurs






27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






29. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






31. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






32. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






34. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






35. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






36. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






38. Short segments from lagging strand






39. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






40. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






41. New codon may be a stop codon






42. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






43. Adenine and guanine






44. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






45. Occurs when linked genes are separated






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






49. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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