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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






2. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






3. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






4. Initiation - elongation - and termination






5. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






6. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






7. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






8. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






9. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






10. Short segments from lagging strand






11. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






12. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






13. Cell burst






14. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






15. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






17. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






18. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






19. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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20. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






21. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






23. Location of genes on DNA






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. New codon may be a stop codon






26. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






27. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






28. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






29. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






30. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






32. Progeny generations






33. New codon may code for the same amino acid






34. Basic unit of heredity






35. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






36. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






37. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






38. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






39. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






40. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






43. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






44. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






45. Cytosine and thymine






46. New codon may code for a different amino acid






47. Where protein synthesis occurs






48. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






49. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






50. Chromosome fragment