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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






2. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






3. Consists of structural genes






4. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






5. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






6. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






8. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






11. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






12. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






16. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






17. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






18. Adenine and guanine






19. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






20. Individuals being crossed






21. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






22. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






23. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






24. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






26. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






27. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






28. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






29. New codon may be a stop codon






30. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






32. New codon may code for a different amino acid






33. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






34. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






35. Where protein synthesis occurs






36. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






38. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






39. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






40. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






41. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. Organisms that carry two different alleles






44. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






45. New codon may code for the same amino acid






46. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






47. Progeny generations






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. Cell burst






50. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule